О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ

Ɉ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɊȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɊȿȺɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ
ȺɅȽɈɊɂɌɆɈȼ ȼɈɋɋɌȺɇɈȼɅȿɇɂə ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ ɋɇȿɀɇɈȽɈ
ɉɈɄɊɈȼȺ ɉɈ ȾȺɇɇɕɆ ɆɂɄɊɈȼɈɅɇɈȼɕɏ ɋɔȿɆɈɄ ɂɁ ɄɈɋɆɈɋȺ
ȾɅə ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȺ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ
Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɇɨɫɟɧɤɨ 2, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɨɥɝɢɯ 1, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɇɨɫɟɧɤɨ 1
1
ɐɟɧɬɪ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ,
117997 Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɭɥ. ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ, 84/32
E-mail: nosenko@cpi.space.ru ;
2
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɝɟɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɊȺɇ
109017 Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɋɬɚɪɨɦɨɧɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪ.,29
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ (ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɜɵɫɨɬɵ, ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ. Ɋɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɱɜɚ-ɫɧɟɝ-ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɥɭɱɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɭɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɭɸ ɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ (20-25%) – ɷɬɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ
ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ (5-7ɨɄ) ɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ
ɨɬ 0ɫɦ ɞɨ 50-60ɫɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ 10-30ɨɄ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɚ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ, ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɨɣ
ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ [2].
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 5ɨ Ʉ), ɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ. Ɉɫɚɞɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɧɟɝɨɩɚɞɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɇɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɧɟɝɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɦɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɭɤɪɭɩɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ [4].
Ɇɨɤɪɵɣ ɫɧɟɝ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɫɧɟɝɚ: ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (!0,8) ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ t 0,001 ɦɦ) ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɤɪɨɝɨ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ.
Ɋɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ - ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ʌɟɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ [1]. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɲɢɯ ɨɡɟɪ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɬɟɧɨ. Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɛɨɪɬɭ, ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ (D) ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ (SWE) ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɂɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ
ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ
ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɹɬɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡ.
150
ɇɚ Ɋɢɫ.1 ɩɪɨɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɋɩɚɫ-Ⱦɟɦɟɧɫɤ.
ȼɵɛɪɚɧ ɞɟɧɶ 10 ɦɚɪɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ.
ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ 2002 ɝ. ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɡɢɦɵ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɟɧ 0, ɬɨ ɜ
1968, 1970, 1982 ɢ 1985 ɝ.ɝ. ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɨ 100ɦɦ.
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ(swe_f) ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ
(h_f) ɜ ɩɨɥɟ
ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ 26795 (ɋɩɚɫ-Ⱦɟɦɟɧɫɤ)10.03 ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1966-2004
ɝ.ɝ.
swe_f(mm),
h_f(sm)
h_f
swe_f
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
1968
1966
0
ɝɨɞɵ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɂɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ
ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɉɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɡɢɦɵ
Ɇɚɪɲɪɭɬɧɚɹ ɫɧɟɝɨɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɭ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɧɟɝɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɟɨɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚɯ ɩɨ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɪɟɣɤɟ. ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɨɧɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵ
ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɣɤɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɟ (Ɋɢɫ.2). ɂɯ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɫ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟ
120
swe(ɦɦ),
h(ɫɦ),
t(ɝɪɚɞ.)
100
ɚ)
80
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɣɤɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɟ
60
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫ
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
Ⱦɧɢ 2002ɝ.
100
80
-20
-40
swe(ɦɦ), 140
h(ɫɦ),
t(ɝɪɚɞ.) 120
100
80
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɣɤɟ
60
ɛ)
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɟ
40
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫ
20
0
Ⱦɧɢ 2003ɝ.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-20
-40
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɣɤɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Ɇɨɫɚɥɶɫɤ (ɚ- 2002ɝ., ɛ -2003ɝ.)
151
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ. ɇɢɠɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɉɤɢ ɫ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ SSM/I (ɪɢɫ.3).
ɂɡ Ɋɢɫ.3 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ
ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚɦ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ 27704 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚɦɢ 32,33, 46,47).
ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɢɤɫɟɥɵ 47 ɢ
77). ȼ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟ 77 ɬɪɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ (Ɉɪɟɥ, Ȼɨɥɯɨɜ, Ɇɰɟɧɫɤ) (Ɋɢɫ.4,5). ɂɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 28 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ
2001ɝ. ɡɚɩɚɫ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Ɇɰɟɧɫɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɜ Ȼɨɥɯɨɜɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 2
ɜ Ɉɪɥɟ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ 2003ɝ. ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ (Ɍɚɛɥ.1). Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɞɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬ
ɜɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ 77.
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ
27809
27817
27906
27809
27817
27906
27809
27817
27906
27809
27817
27906
Ƚɨɞ
2001
2001
2001
2002
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
Ȼɨɥɯɨɜ
Ɇɰɟɧɫɤ
Ɉɪɟɥ
Ȼɨɥɯɨɜ
Ɇɰɟɧɫɤ
Ɉɪɟɥ
Ȼɨɥɯɨɜ
Ɇɰɟɧɫɤ
Ɉɪɟɥ
Ȼɨɥɯɨɜ
Ɇɰɟɧɫɤ
Ɉɪɟɥ
Ⱦɚɬɚ
28.02.01
28.02.01
28.02.01
28.02.02
28.02.02
28.02.02
28.02.03
28.02.03
28.02.03
29.02.20
29.02.20
29.02.20
Ⱦɟɧɶ_ɝɨɞɚ
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
60
60
60
Ɇɚɪɲɪɭɬ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ_ɫɦ
33
39
26
5
19
0
28
30
27
19
29
16
Ɂɚɩɚɫ_ɦɦ
79
134
62
38
63
0
70
69
62
70
93
70
Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɢɦɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 10-30ɨɄ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ AMSR-E ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ [3]. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.6 ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦɵ 20032004 ɝɝ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ.Ɉɤɢ (ɀɢɡɞɪɚ ɢ Ɇɨɫɚɥɶɫɤ - ɥɟɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 35-50%; ɉɨɧɵɪɢ ɢ Ɉɪɟɥ - ɥɟɫ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10%).
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɚɪɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ
AMSR-E ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦɵ 2003/2004 ɝɝ. ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ (ɜ 2 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡ) ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɫ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɥɟɫɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10% ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ.
ɏɨɬɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ
ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ ɜ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɢɦɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ.
152
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
2.
3.
4.
Armstrong R.L., Barry R.G., Krenke A.N., Kadomtseva T.G., Kitaev L.M.. Monitoring Snow Fluctuations in the Former
Soviet Union Using Surface Station Data and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing. Data of Glaciological Studies, Pub.
81, 1997, P. 179-192.
Grody N. C, Basist A. N. Global Identification of Snowcover Using SSM/I Measurements. IEEE Transactions on Geosience and Remote Sensing, vol. 34, No. 1, January 1996, P. 237-249.
Chang A. T. C., Rango A. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for the AMSR-E Snow Water Equivalent Algorithm. November 30, 2000 VERSION 3.1
Kelly R.E., Chang A.T., Leung Tsang, Foster, J.L. A prototype AMSR-E global snow area and snow depth algorithm.
IEEE Transactions on Geopscience and Remote sensing. Vol. 41, no 2, 2003, P. 230-242.
153
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɉɤɢ ɫ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɛɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ SSM/I
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɉɢɤɫɟɥ 77 (ɬɪɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ 27809-Ȼɨɥɯɨɜ, 27817-Ɇɰɟɧɫɤ, 27906-Ɉɪɟɥ)
154
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ
D (sm)
50
40
27809
30
27817
20
27906
10
0
ɝɨɞɵ
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
ɚ)
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ
swe(mm)
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
27809
27817
27906
ɝɨɞɵ
ɛ)
Ɋɢɫ.5. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ (a) ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ (ɛ) ɜ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟ 77 (ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ 27809, 27817, 27906)
155
AMSR2004 Zshizdra 26896 (451,491) (53.75,34.73)
swe(mm),d(sm)
120
100
80
ɚ)
swe_rus
swe_amsr
60
D
40
20
0
20
31
41
51
60
70
80
day 2004
85
AMSR2004 27704 Mosalsk (450,488) (54.5,35.02)
swe(mm), D(sm)
180
160
140
ɛ)
120
100
swe_amsr
80
swe_rus
60
D
40
20
0
10
20
31
41
51
60
70
80
85
day 2004
AMSR2004 34003 Ponyry (458,493) (52.32,36.3)
swe(mm), D(sm)
250
200
ɜ)
swe_rus
150
swe_amsr
D
100
50
0
10
20
31
41
51
60
70
day 2004
AMSR2004 27906 Orel (456,492) (52.93,36)
swe(mm), D(sm)
ɝ)
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
swe_rus
swe_amsr
D
day 2004
10
31
41
51
60
70
80
Ɋɢɫ. 6. ɇɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɡɚ 2004 ɝ. ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ AMSR (ɚ, ɛ – ɪɚɣɨɧ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɀɢɡɞɪɚ ɢ Ɇɨɫɚɥɶɫɤ ; ɜ, ɝ – ɪɚɣɨɧ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɉɨɧɵɪɢ ɢ Ɉɪɟɥ)
156