Исследование характеристик интенсивных

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ. 2013. Ɍ. 10. ʋ 1. ɋ. 51–59
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ
ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂ.Ⱥ. Ƚɭɪɜɢɱ, Ɇ.Ʉ. ɉɢɱɭɝɢɧ
Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɦ. ȼ.ɂ. ɂɥɶɢɱɟɜɚ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ
690041, ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, ɭɥ. Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɚɹ, 43
E-mail: [email protected]
ȼ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ ɧɚɞ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ (Ⱦȼ) ɦɨɪɹɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 150 ɞɨ 250 ɦɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ (Ɇɐ) ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ • 12 ɦ/ɫ. Ɇɐ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɞ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɹɩɨɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ Ɇɐ, ɤɚɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɢ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ
MODIS ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ AMSR-E ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Aqua, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ CPR (Cloud ProÞling Radar) ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ CloudSat.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ, ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɚɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɜɟɬɟɪ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɞ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɧɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ (Ɇɐ) ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɬ 100
ɞɨ 1000 ɤɦ ɫ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ ɢ ɫ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ ɨɬ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ 3 ɫɭɬɨɤ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ í ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ
ɛɨɦɛɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ (Ⱦȼ) ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɢɦ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɨɦ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ
ɦɭɫɫɨɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɇɐ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ,
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɇɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɧɚɞ Ⱦȼ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɢɩɵ Ɇɐ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɢ ɨɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢɡ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ Ɇɐ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɸ ɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ (Rasmussen, Turner, 2003). Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɢɩɵ Ɇɐ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɚɞ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɞ Ⱦȼ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
(ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ–ɚɩɪɟɥɶ) ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 150 ɞɨ 250 Ɇɐ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ • 12 ɦ/ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 100–600 ɤɦ. ɇɚɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
51
ɩɚɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Ɇɐ. ɉɢɤ ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɢɦɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ.
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ Ɇɐ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ əɩɨɧɫɤɢɦ
ɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ Ɇɐ, ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɟɟ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɂɄ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ MODIS ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ Terra
ɢ Aqua, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɂɄ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ MTSAT-2. ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɐ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ CPR (Cloud ProÞling Radar) ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ CloudSat. ɉɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɬɪɚ W, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɐ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ ASCAT (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ MetOp) ɢ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ
AMSR-E (Ɇɢɬɧɢɤ, Ɇɢɬɧɢɤ, 2011). ɉɚɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ V ɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ Q
ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɇɐ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦ Ɍɹ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ AMSR-E
(Ɇɢɬɧɢɤ, Ɇɢɬɧɢɤ, 2006; Mitnik, Mitnik, 2003). ɋɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ OAFlux (the Objectively Analyzed air-sea heat
Fluxes), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ
ɜ ȼɭɞɫ-ɏɨɥɟ http://oaßux.whoi.edu/index.html. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ (əɆȺ).
Ɇɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ ɧɚɞ əɩɨɧɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ 11 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2011 ɝ.
Ⱦɥɹ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɢ ɸɠɧɭɸ
ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ 15 ɂɄ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ MTSAT-2 ɫ ɱɚɫɨɜɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ 5 ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ), ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɪɹ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɏɨɤɤɚɣɞɨ ɢ ɜ Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ ɟɝɨ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ, ɜ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɥɢɜɟ. ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɰɢɤɥ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ Ɇɐ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɟɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1ɚ)
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɡɨɧɚ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɹɩɨɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ʉɨɪɟɢ, ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ Ɇɐ, ɢ ɩɹɬɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ-ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɞɜɟɤɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚɞ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɇɐ, ɜɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ. Ɇɐ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɜ
ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ əɩɨɧɢɢ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɦɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ.
ɂɄ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ c ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ MTSAT-2
ɇɚ ɂɄ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ MODIS (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ Aqua) ɡɚ 17:20 Ƚɪ. ɜɢɞɧɵ
ɞɜɚ Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ əɩɨɧɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2ɚ). Ɇɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ Ɇɐ 1, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ
~250 ɤɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɐ 2 ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɪɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ
500 ɤɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɣ
ɝɥɚɡ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ~ 50 ɤɦ. Ɇɐ 2 ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ʉɨɪɟɢ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ
Ɇɐ 2,5–3 ɤɦ, ɜ ɸɠɧɨɦ í 5–6 ɤɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2ɛ). ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ əɆȺ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɦ Ɇɐ ɜ 18 Ƚɪ. ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚ 8 ɦɛ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2ɜ).
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Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɇɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ 11 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2011 ɝ.:
ɂɄ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɚ) ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ (ɛ)
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ MODIS (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ Aqua) ɡɚ 17:20 Ƚɪ.;
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ əɆȺ ɡɚ 18 Ƚɪ. (ɜ).
1 – ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ Ɇɐ, 2 – ɸɠɧɵɣ Ɇɐ
Ɇɐ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɢɡ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɟɝɨ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɸ (Gang, 2000; Claud et al., 2004).
Ɂɚ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 70–90 ȼɬ/ɦ2, ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ í
ɧɚ 100–120 ȼɬ/ɦ2. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ Ɇɐ, ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ 11 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ 250–320 ȼɬ/ɦ2 ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ~ 200–240 ȼɬ/ɦ2 ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 12–14 °ɋ.
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Ɇɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ Ɇɐ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ 89 ȽȽɰ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɍə (89Ƚ), ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ W, ɩɚɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ V ɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ
ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ Q (ɪɢɫ. 3). ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 10–12 ɦ/ɫ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ Ɇɐ ɢ 17–20 ɦ/ɫ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɦ (ɪɢɫ. 3ɚ), ɚ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ AMSR-E (Mitnik, Mitnik,
2011) – 12–17 ɦ/ɫ ɢ 15–20 ɦ/ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼɛɥɢɡɢ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚ
25 ɦ/ɫ (ɪɢɫ. 3ɛ). ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. ȼ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ Ɇɐ
ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ Q = 0,15–0,2 ɤɝ/ɦ2 (ɪɢɫ. 3ɝ), V = 8–10 ɤɝ/ɦ2
(ɪɢɫ. 3ɞ), ɜ ɸɠɧɨɦ Q = 0,25–0,5 ɤɝ/ɦ2, V = 10–14 ɤɝ/ɦ2, ɜ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɝɥɚɡɚ 16–18 ɤɝ/ɦ2. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ
ɝɥɚɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Q ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɤ 0. ɍɱɚɫɬɤɢ 1 ɢ 2 ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ Q ɢ V ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ɍə(89Ƚ) (ɪɢɫ. 3ɜ).
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Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɇɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ 11 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2011 ɝ.:
ɩɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ ASCAT (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ MetOp)
ɡɚ 11:20 Ƚɪ. (ɚ) ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ AMSR-E (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ Aqua) ɡɚ 17:20 Ƚɪ. (ɛ);
ɩɨɥɹ: Ɍɹ(89Ƚ) (ɜ), ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ (ɝ) ɢ ɩɚɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɞ)
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ AMSR-E ɡɚ 17:20 Ƚɪ. ɐɢɮɪɚɦɢ 1 ɢ 2 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ Q ɢ V ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ
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Конвективное кольцо
Глаз
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Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ɇɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ 11 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2011 ɝ.:
ɂɄ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS (ɚ), ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ (ɛ)
ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ 36,5 ȽȽɰ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ (ɜ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AMSR-E ɡɚ 17:20 Ƚɪ.;
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ CPR
ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ CloudSat (ɝ) ɡɚ 17:23 Ƚɪ. ɒɤɚɥɚ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞȻ
Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɐ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ
CPR ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ CloudSat ɱɟɪɟɡ 3 ɦɢɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ AMSR-E (ɪɢɫ. 4ɝ). CPR ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. CloudSat, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ 2006 ɝ., ɜɯɨɞɢɬ
ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ A-Train ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɦ Aqua (Matrosov, 2007). Ɋɚɡɪɟɡ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɇɐ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɦɚɥɨɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɡ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɢ ɫ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɦ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɭ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 40 ɤɦ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɢ ɭɡɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɞɨ 1,5 ɤɦ, ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬ ɤɭɱɟɜɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2 ɤɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɟ
ɝɥɚɡɚ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɇɐ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɟɣ, ~ 250 ɤɦ. Ʉ ɸɝɭ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 5–6 ɤɦ, ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ
ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 5 ɤɦ. Ʉ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɇɐ
ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɟɬ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ. ɇɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɧɚɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɧ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɬɹɝɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ Ɇɐ. ȼ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ Ɇɐ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɜɢɞɟɧ
ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɦɟɥɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨ-ɤɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ (Sc), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ –10 ɞɨ –15 Ⱦɛ. ɇɚɞ ɧɢɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
55
ɨɬ 400 ɞɨ 500 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨ-ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ (Ns) ɢ ɤɭɱɟɜɨ-ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ (Cb)
ɨɛɥɚɤɚ c ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ 10–20 Ⱦɛ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɟ (As), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ –5 ɞɨ –15 Ⱦɛ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ
5–6 ɤɦ, ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɞɨ 7 ɤɦ. Ɉɛɥɚɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ɇɐ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ í ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɐ – ɢ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɬɹɧɭɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ Ɇɐ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. Ɇɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ, ɱɶɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ȼ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɶɰɟ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ
ǻɌə(36) = Ɍə(36ȼ) – Ɍə(36Ƚ) ” 30 Ʉ (ɪɢɫ. 4ɜ) ɢ Q > 0,2 ɤɝ/ɦ2 (ɪɢɫ. 4ɛ), ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
ɨɫɚɞɤɢ. ɇɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ȺȻ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ (7–18 ɞȻ) ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Q ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɵ (~ 0,02–0,06 ɤɝ/ɦ2), ɚ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ
ǻɌə(36) 60 Ʉ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ,
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɥɟɞɹɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɚɯ (Matrosov, 2007, 2012). Ɇɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
ɍɥɥɵɧ-Ⱦɨ ɜ 18 Ƚɪ. 11 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɧɟɝ.
Ⱦɜɚ ɦɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɧɚɞ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ 16 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2010 ɝ.
ɇɚ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ MODIS (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ Aqua) ɡɚ 02:55 Ƚɪ. 16 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2010 ɝ.
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ Ɇɐ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ~ 450 ɤɦ ɫ ɝɥɚɡɨɦ ~ 125 ɤɦ (ɪɢɫ. 5ɚ). ȼ ɩɨɥɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɢɞɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɟ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ 1, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɹɧɭɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ Ɇɐ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɨɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ. ɐɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ
ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ ASCAT (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ MetOp) ɡɚ 00:44 Ƚɪ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ Ɇɐ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 12–15 ɦ/ɫ. ɉɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ AMSR-E ɱɟɪɟɡ 2 ɱɚɫ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ ɜɟɬɟɪ ɜ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ Ɇɐ ɭɫɢɥɢɥɫɹ ɞɨ 20 ɦ/ɫ, ɜ ɸɠɧɨɦ – ɞɨ 12–17 ɦ/ɫ (ɪɢɫ. 5ɛ). Ɇɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢɡ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ. ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ 220–280 ȼɬ/ɦ2,
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ. ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ 120–160 ȼɬ/ɦ2 ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ. ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ Ɇɐ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɟɟ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨɦ
ɬɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɟɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ (ɪɢɫ. 5ɚ-ɝ). ȼ ɩɨɥɟ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɯ ɰɟɩɨɱɟɤ (ɪɢɫ. 5ɜ). ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS
ɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ Ɇɐ – 2,5–3 ɤɦ,
ɚ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 4 ɤɦ. ȼ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɦɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 4–4,5 ɤɦ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ⱦɜɚ ɦɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɧɚɞ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ 16 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2010 ɝ.:
ɜɢɞɢɦɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (ɚ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS, ɩɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ (ɛ),
ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ (ɜ) ɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ (ɝ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AMSR-E (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ Aqua) ɡɚ 02:55 Ƚɪ.;
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ CPR
ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ CloudSat ɡɚ 02:59 Ƚɪ. (ɞ). ɒɤɚɥɚ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞȻ
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ Ɇɐ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ CPR ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ CloudSat (ɪɢɫ. 5ɞ). ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ CloudSat ɛɵɥɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ 4 ɦɢɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Aqua. Ɋɚɡɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ Ɇɐ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɢɡ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ (~ 10–20 Ⱦɛ), ɨɛɥɚɱɧɚɹ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ Ɇɐ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ
ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɱɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ 3–4 ɤɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɤɚɩɥɢ
ɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ (Matrosov, 2007, 2012). ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ Ɇɐ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ-ɤɭɱɟɜɭɸ (Ac) ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ –15 ɞɨ –20 ɞȻ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɝɪɹɞ ɦɟɥɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨ-ɤɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ (Sc) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 1–1,5 ɤɦ. ȼ ɸɠɧɨɦ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ Ɇɐ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 3 ɤɦ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ. Ɉɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɜɢɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ɝɥɚɡɚ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɭɱɟɜɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 2–3 ɤɦ. ɇɚ ɟɝɨ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɹɪɤɢɟ
ɬɨɱɤɢ – ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɵ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɱɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɳɧɨɦ
ɤɭɱɟɜɨɦ (Cu cong) ɢɥɢ ɤɭɱɟɜɨ-ɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɦ (Cb) ɨɛɥɚɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
10–13 ɞȻ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ 4 ɤɦ. Ʉ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ
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ɨɬ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɚɹ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɱɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɞɨ 4–4,5 ɤɦ ɢ ɫ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ 10–13 ɞȻ. Ʉ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɇɨɳɧɚɹ ɤɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɭɱɟɜɭɸ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɅ-ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨ –20 ɞȻ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
Ⱦȼ ɦɨɪɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɟ
ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɟ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ Ⱦȼ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ Ɇɐ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɞ
əɩɨɧɫɤɢɦ ɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ Ɇɐ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ
ɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɚɞ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɢ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɷɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ. ɑɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ
ɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ. Ɉɛɥɚɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ CPR (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ CloudSat) ɞɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɐ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ MODIS ɢ AMSR-E (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ Aqua). ɉɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ CPR ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɨɯɨɬɨɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ Ɇɐ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 3 ɤɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ
Ɇɐ ɧɚɞ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɹɞ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ Ɇɐ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɯ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬ Ʌ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɬɧɢɤɚ (Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ) ɡɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɟ ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ JAXA ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ AMSR-E ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ No. F10 ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɭ GCOM-W1 (Global Change Observation Mission)
ɩɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɌɈɂ ɢ JAXA. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ
ɊɎɎɂ 11-05-ɨɮɢ-ɦ-2011 ɢ ȽɄ ʋ16.420 Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ.
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Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ɇɢɬɧɢɤ Ɇ.Ʌ., Ɇɢɬɧɢɤ Ʌ.Ɇ. ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ
ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ DMSP,
TRMM, AQUA ɢ ADEOS-II // ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ. 2006. ʋ 4. C. 34–41.
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Research of characteristics of intensive mesoscale cyclones
over the Far Eastern Seas on the basis of satellite multisensor sounding
I.A. Gurvich, M.K. Pichugin
V.I. Il’ichev PaciÞc Oceanological Institute, FEB RAS
690041, Vladivostok, Baltiyskaya Street, 43
e-mail: [email protected]
150–250 mesocyclones (MC) with wind speeds • 12 m/s are typical formed over the Far Eastern seas in the cold
season. The MCs developing over the Okhotsk Sea are different from ones of the Sea of Japan on structure of cloud
system and atmospheric parameters. MCs parameters, such as sea surface wind speed, the total atmospheric water
vapor and cloud liquid water content et al, and structure of cloudiness are investigated using complex data obtained
from spectroradiometer MODIS, microwave radiometer AMSR-E from the Aqua satellite and also W-band Cloud
ProÞling Radar (CPR) from the CloudSat satellite.
Keywords: mesoscale cyclones, multisensor satellite sounding, atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water
content, sea surface wind, cloudiness structure.
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