О связи аномалий приповерхностного ветра с

Ɉ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɫ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍ.ɂ. Ɍɚɪɯɨɜɚ, Ɇ.ɋ. ɉɟɪɦɹɤɨɜ, ȿ.ɘ. ɉɨɬɚɥɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɂ. ɋɟɦɵɤɢɧ
Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɦ ȼ.ɂ. ɂɥɶɢɱɟɜɚ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ
690041 ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, ɭɥ. Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɚɹ, 43
E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
(ɌɉɈ) ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ SeaWinds ɫɨ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ QuikSCAT (SeaWinds/QuikSCAT) ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System
(AMSR-E). Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ Ioke (TY0612) ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ
ɨɤɟɚɧɚ 26 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ – 5 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ. ȼɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɌɉɈ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɢ 50ɋ, ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɌɉɈ ~
2.40ɋ/100 ɤɦ, «ɫɥɟɞ» ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ, ɟɝɨ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ (ɢ ɟɺ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɣ
ɜɟɬɟɪ, ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ, ɬɚɣɮɭɧ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ (Ⱥɉɋ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɌɉɈ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ [1, 2]. ȼ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ Ⱥɉɋ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɌɉɈ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɌɉɈ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɨɤɟɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɜɟɬɪɟ ɢ ɌɉɈ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ [3]. ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɌɉɈ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ: ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ [4], ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ƚɨɥɶɮɫɬɪɢɦ [5], ɜ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ [6], ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ [7-9], ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ [10, 11],
ɜ ɀɟɥɬɨɦ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-Ʉɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɹɯ [12], ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ʉɭɪɨɫɢɨ [13], ɜ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɦ
ɦɨɪɟ [14], ɜ Ⱥɪɚɜɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ [15], ɜ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ɉɤɟɚɧɚ [16], ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɤɚɯ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ [17]. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ (ɦɟɫɹɰ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ) ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ (ɫɭɬɤɢ, ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ), ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
45
«ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ» ɢ ɨɬɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɟ ɢ ɦɨɪɹɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɮɪɨɧɬɵ, ɜɢɯɪɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.) ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɌɉɈ. Ɍɚɤ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɌɉɈ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ, ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ [18]. ɉɪɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɚɯ, ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɤɚɯ, ɷɬɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ «ɫɥɟɞɚ» ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ Ioke (TY0612) ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɚɜɝɭɫɬ ɢ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ 2006 ɝ. Ɋɚɣɨɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ 100-400 ɫ.ɲ. ɢ 14501800 ɜ.ɞ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɌɉɈ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0.250 ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ
ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ. ɉɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ SeaWinds ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ
QuikSCAT (SeaWinds/QuikSCAT) ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ 10 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɉɨɥɹ SeaWinds/QuikSCAT ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ (ascending and descending passes)
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ 1600 ɤɦ. ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1.7 ɦ/ɫ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – 140 (ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 6 ɦ/ɫ) [19]. ɉɨɥɹ ɌɉɈ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (EOS), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɟ Aqua (AMSR-E). ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɌɉɈ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0.640ɋ [http://www.remss.com/sst/microwave_oi_sst_validation.html].
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
f '( x, y,t )
ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
f '( x, y ) ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:
f '( x, y,t )
f ( x, y,t ) f ( x, y ) , f ƍ(x,y) = f(x,y) – f(x,y),
ɝɞɟ f ( x, y ) – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ, f(x,y) – ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɤɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɌɉɈ, ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɚɯ ɨɬ 10u10 ɞɨ 2.50u2.50 ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɵ.
ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ: ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɌɉɈ ɢ ɟɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɢɚɧ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ,
ɜɢɯɪɶ ɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ, ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ [20]. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɌɉɈ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɌɉɈ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɨɤɧɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥ ɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ46
ɜɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɛɵ
ɢɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɧɚɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ – 10u102.50u2.50, 50u50 ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɵ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɣɨɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɹɫɚɯ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ 2006 ɝɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ – ɨɬ 300ɋ
ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɤɚɯ ɞɨ 190ɋ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɌɉɈ
( ’T ), ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɟ 3.60ɋ/100 ɤɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨ 370 ɫ.ɲ. ɢ ɜɵɲɟ. ȼɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ, ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɫɢɥɨɣ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ 9 ɦ/ɫ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Japan Meteorological Agency
(JMA) ɫ 26 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɩɨ 5 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤ ɬɚɣɮɭɧ IOKE (TY0612)
630-1000 ɤɦ ɜ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ 920 ɦɛ ɢ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ 54 ɦ/ɫ [21]. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ
ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ~ 1000 ɤɦ (ɪɢɫ. 1). Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɌɉɈ 25 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɨ -40ɋ, ɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ 50ɋ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɌɉɈ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ,
ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ. ȼɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ, ɝɞɟ
ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɢ 2.40ɋ/100 ɤɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2). ɋɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ «ɫɥɟɞɚ» ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɟ 1-20ɋ. ɑɟɪɟɡ 10 ɞɧɟɣ, ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ «ɫɥɟɞɟ» ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɨ -1.50ɋ, ɚ ɟɝɨ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɌɉɈ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ, ɞɨ 1.20ɋ/100 ɤɦ,
ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɌɉɈ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɨ 50ɋ/100 ɤɦ. ȼɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ
ɌɉɈ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɟ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ – ɧɚɞ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚɞ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɩɥɵɦɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.1 ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ
«ɩɹɬɧɨ» ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɯ 7 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ -3.50ɋ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ~8 ɦ/ɫ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ (TɉɈ|270C) ɞɨ ~5 ɦ/ɫ ɧɚɞ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ (TɉɈ|24.50C). Ɂɚɬɟɦ,
ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɌɉɈ ɞɨ 280ɋ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ~8 ɦ/ɫ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
10 ɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 3). Ɇɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 15
ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ., ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɫ 17 ɩɨ 22 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɟɳɟ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ YAGI (TY0614), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɟɫ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɌɉɈ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ, 23-25 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ
ɌɉɈ, ɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ (6 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ), ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ (R) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 0.81. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫ. 3, ɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɌɉɈ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɟ
ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ ɪɟɥɚɤɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɤ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɌɉɈ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ R ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 0.8 ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ 8 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɌɉɈ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 0.9. ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 10, 11 ɢ 14 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ R ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨ 0.19, 0.65 ɢ 0.25, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
47
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɉɨɥɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ 7 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɨɥɹ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɌɉɈ 23 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɢ 6 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɌɉɈ
ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 23045'-28045' ɫ.ɲ., 1490-1540 ɜ.ɞ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɨɣ Wallace J.M.
[22], ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧɚ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɟɣ ɜɟɬɟɪ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ
ɫ ɌɉɈ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ (ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ) ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ. ɇɚɞ «ɬɟɩɥɨɣ» ɜɨɞɨɣ Ⱥɉɋ ɫɬɚɧɨ48
ɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ
ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɢ ɤ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɦɟɧɭ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɢ Ⱥɉɋ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɜɟɬɟɪ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚɞ «ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ» ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɋɹɞ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɷɬɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [14] ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 9 ɦ/ɫ ɧɚɞ «ɬɟɩɥɨɣ» ɜɨɞɨɣ (~140C ) ɞɨ 7 ɦ/ɫ ɧɚɞ «ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ» ɜɨɞɨɣ (~100C), ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [23]- ɫ 8-11 ɦ/ɫ ɧɚɞ «ɬɟɩɥɨɣ» ɜɨɞɨɣ (~29-300C ) ɞɨ 2.5-6 ɦ/ɫ ɧɚɞ
«ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɨɦ» Ɍɐ Kai-Tak (~22.70C).
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ ɜ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 23 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ –
15 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ 0.6-0.8. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ
ɷɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ( ı V ' ) ɢ ɝɪɚ2
ɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ ( ı ’T ' ) ɡɚ 8 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ. ɜ ɨɤɧɟ 20u20 (ɬ.ɟ. ~200u200 ɤɦ).
2
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ( ı V ' ) ɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ
2
( ı ’T ' ) 8 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ: ɚ) 23015'-25015' ɫ.ɲ., 1540-1560 ɜ.ɞ.; ɛ) 36030'-38030' ɫ.ɲ., 1510-1530 ɜ.ɞ.
2
ɐɢɮɪɵ ɨɬ 10u10 ɞɨ 2.50u2.50 – ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ
ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ı V ' ɢ ı ’T ' ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ2
2
ɧɨɦ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ 23015'-25015' ɫ.ɲ. ɢ 1540-1560 ɜ.ɞ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɵɦ
ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɌɉɈ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ 1.80ɋ/100 ɤɦ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɟɟ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɭɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɸ 0.5-0.73. ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ı V ' ɢ ı ’T ' ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 36030'-38030' ɫ.ɲ. ɢ 1510-1530 ɜ.ɞ., ɜɵɞɟ2
2
ɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɦ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ 8 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɌɉɈ ɥɟɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 2.4-3.60ɋ/100 ɤɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ R ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0.37-0.9. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɪɨɫɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɧɚ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɚɪɨɤɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɯɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɢɚɧɨɦ ɌɉɈ [1]. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɟɫɶ49
ɦɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɨɤɧɚ). ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɬɨɱɟɤ
ɜ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɨɬ 25 (10u10) ɞɨ 441 (50u50) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ R ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɨɬ ~0.7
ɞɨ ~0.15, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɥɟɣ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ (rot) ɢ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɢɚɧɚ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ ( 'T c ) ɡɚ 7 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ. ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 20u20 (37045'-39045' ɫ.ɲ., 153030'-155030' ɜ.ɞ., ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ” 81 ɬɨɱɤɢ). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɌɉɈ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 2-30ɋ/100 ɤɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ R ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0.3-0.52
ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ 'T c ɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɟɣ (div)ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ (R|-0.09y0.03). Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.6. ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ div
ɢ 'T c ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 36045'-38045' ɫ.ɲ., 150015'-152015' ɜ.ɞ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬɫɹ
ɨɬ 0.46 ɞɨ 0.63. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɢɚɧɚ
ɌɉɈ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɩɥɵɦɢ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹɦɢ ɌɉɈ (ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ 'T c ), ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ
(ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ) [1].
Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ( 10
( 10
3
[1 / c ] ) ɢ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɢɚɧɚ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɌɉɈ
4 0
[ C / ɤɦ 2 ] ) ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 37045'-39045' ɫ.ɲ., 153030'-155030' ɜ.ɞ. 7 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ. ɐɢɮɪɵ ɨɬ
10u10 ɞɨ 2.50u2.50 – ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ
Ɋɢɫ. 6. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ( 10
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ( 10
4 0
3
[1 / c ] ) ɢ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɢɚɧɚ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ
[ C / ɤɦ ] ) ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 36 45'-38 45' ɫ.ɲ., 150 15'-152 15' ɜ.ɞ.7 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2006 ɝ. ɐɢɮɪɵ
2
0
0
0
0
ɨɬ 1 u1 ɞɨ 2.50u2.50 – ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ
0
0
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɟɝɨ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫ ɌɉɈ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. Ɉɧɢ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
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ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɌɉɈ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɌɉɈ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ ʋ 09-III-Ⱥ-07-333, ɊɎɎɂ ʋ
09-05-00640ɚ.
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About the coupling of surface wind anomalies and sea surface
temperature gradients according to remote sensing data
T.I. Tarkhova, M.S. Permyakov, E.Y. Potalova, V.I. Semykin
V.I.Il`ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS
690041 Vladivostok, 43 Baltiyskaya str.
E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
In this paper the influence of spatial variability of field sea surface temperature (SST) over the surface wind velocity
field in synoptical scales has been investigated according to satellite data. The everyday wind vectors measurements
by scatterometer SeaWinds onboard QuikSCAT satellite (SeaWinds/QuikSCAT) and corresponding to them SST
measurements by Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) carried on
NASA's AQUA satellite are used. Passing typhoon Ioke (TY0612) occurrence in the north-western Pacific in August 26 – September 5 2006 has been examined as well. Caused by it disturbances reached 50ɋ, SST gradients ~
2.40ɋ/100 km, typhoon’s “trace” was observed up to the end of September. A significant correlations between
wind, its kinematical characteristics and sea surface temperature (and SST gradients), as well as its temporary variability is show to exist in synoptical scales.
Keywords: remote sensing, sea surface temperature gradient, sea surface wind, marine atmospheric boundary layer,
typhoon.
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