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ISBN 978-952-265-439-7 (paperback)
ISBN 978-952-265-440-3 (PDF)
ISSN-L 2243-3384
ISSN 2243-3384
ЛАППЕЕНРАНТСКИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЛТУ
Технологический факультет
ЛТУ Энергия
LUT Russia-related Studies
Lappeenranta 2013
LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications
Raportit ja selvitykset – Reports
Теро Ахонен, Мика Луоранен, Йеро Ахола, Юсси
Туунанен
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРАКТИК СЕВЕРНЫХ
СТРАН ПО ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ
И ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫМ ИСТОЧНИКАМ
ЭНЕРГИИ В КАЛИНИНГРАДСКОЙ
ОБЛАСТИ
Partly financed by the EU
8
LUT Russia-related Studies
LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications
Report 8
,
,
,
.
.
Lappeenranta 2013
Lappeenranta University of Technology 2013
ISBN 978-952-265-439-7
ISBN 978-952-265-440-3 (PDF)
ISSN-L 2243-3384
ISSN 2243-3384
,
,
,
2013
,
ISBN
ISSN
,
,
978-952-265-439-7
2243-3384
«
»,
RENSOL
.
1,
-
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
............................................................................................................... 3
1
RENSOL........................................................................................ 5
2
,
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.3
........................................................................ 11
...................................................................................................................... 12
............................................................................................ 14
....................................................................... 17
........................................................................... 18
.............................................................................................. 19
................................................................................................................ 19
............................................................................................................ 20
................................... 22
2.4
3
.... 27
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
...................................................................... 27
........................................................................ 28
,
...................................................... 30
............................................................................................ 36
................................................................................................ 39
......................................................................................................................... 41
,
4
................................................................................... 43
5
....................................................... 49
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
–
.................................................................................... 49
........................................... 50
............................................................................................. 51
«VTT» 2008
......................................................................... 51
.......................................................................................... 54
6
. ............................... 57
7
.
7.1
7.2
7.3
8
................ 64
................................................................................ 68
......................................................................................................................... 72
,
33 .............................................................................................................................. 75
8.1
8.2
9
.................................... 61
............................................................................................................................ 77
................................................................... 78
........................................................................................................................................ 81
........................................................................................... 85
2
3
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1.
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«
2
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
,
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8
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9
.
10
11
2
2
,
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[WBCSD, 2009],
:
1)
,
,
,
,
.
2)
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
3)
,
,
12
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
.
2.1
EEB
,
,
:
–
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
(
,
)
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
13
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
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,
.
. 2.1
.
. [WBCSD, 2009].
,
,
:
1)
.
14
2)
.
3)
.
4)
.
5)
,
.
6)
,
.
.
. 2.2
EEB
.
. [WBCSD, 2009].
2.2
,
15
,
1970-
.
,
.
.
,
[Kiss, 2010].
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
:
,
,
,
.
2.1.
2.3.
2.1
[Nordic Council of Ministers, 2007].
) (2002)
(2002)
,
,
,
(2001)
(1997)
(1987)
(1993)
(2003)
(1996)
(2006)
(2006)
(2006)
16
. 2.3:
[Kiss, 2010].
:
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
(
).
.
:
,
(
,
),
,
17
. [Nordic Council of Ministers, 2007].
2.2.1
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
Energy Analysis, Niras, RUC
,
,
4-Fact,
,
.
,
2010
2015
.
2012
.
,
.
,
.
,
(
),
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
18
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
2.2.2
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
«
»
.
,
,
,
.
,
19
2.2.3
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
–
,
.
2.2.4
.
[Kiss, 2010],
,
)
.
,
,
,
,
20
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
2.3
«
».
[EBRD, 2012b]
,
.
:
1.
,
.
2.
,
(
(
-
)
).
3.
,
.
,
,
.
4.
,
,
).
21
5.
,
.
.
:
1.
,
(
,
)
(«
»)
.
2.
,
(
),
,
,
,
,
.
3.
,
(
,
).
,
,
,
[EBRD, 2012c].
,
(
. 2.4.).
,
22
. 2.4:
[EBRD, 2012c].
2.4
[RIL 249-2009]
2.5.
(
),
.
.
.
(
)
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
23
,
,
,
.
.
–
,
,
B
.
,
,
.
)
)
. 2.5:
[RIL 249-2009].
,
.
(
,
,
,
),
,
24
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
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,
.
,
)
.
,
,
.
,
,
–
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
25
,
,
,
.
26
27
3
3
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
3.1
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
)
«
» [Norden, 2008
–
].
40%
,
,
,
(32%)
(28%).
,
(27%)
(30%),
:
,
.
28
2/3
,
,
,
,
.
,
2020
,
,
.
,
,
.)
.
10
20
,
5%
.
.
30-50%
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
(
),
,
,
,
.
3.2
,
,
,
.
29
(«Paroc»
,
«Isover»),
.
«Innova»
«Paroc»,
1970, «
» (
) (
3.1).
.
,
,
,
. «Paroc»
»
. 3.1:
,
«Energywise house» [Paroc, 2012a].
«
»
«Paroc»
[Paroc, 2012b].
,
.
(
,
«Tiivi
Oy»)
,
A+
3+2
,
(U) 0,67
2
K.
,
1,0
2
K [RakMK C3,
30
2010],
,
,
,
.
. 3.2:
«Tiivi»
,
[Tiivi, 2012 .]
3.3
,
,
,
,
.
[Statistics Finland, 2012].
,
,
.
«
», «
»,
,
,
.
,
.
,
. [Motiva, 2012].
«
»
.
.
,
,
31
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
[Eliseev, 2011].
Gebwell’s G-Power unit,
,
,
.
. 3.3:
[Gebwell, 2012].
«Gebwell’s G-Power unit»,
32
,
,
.
,
,
.
«Enervent Oy Ab»
,
.
,
»,
.
,
,
.
–
.
«Enervent Oy Ab»
«
»
«Greenair HP».
,
,
,
.
,
.
«Enervent Oy Ab»
,
«Greenair HP»
40%,
,
.
«Greenair HP»
,
,
,
33
.
,
«Enervent
Oy
Ab»
85%,
,
0
30%-40%.
.
.
,
(
).
2
.
. 3.4:
«Greenair HP»
«Enervent Oy Ab»
[Enervent, 2012].
,
:
)
,
[jENERGIA, 2011].
,
,
34
,
,
.
,
. [Terveysilma, 2013].
,
–
[Dry-Air, 2013].
,
.
:
,
,
[jENERGIA, 2011].
(
,
),
,
,
.
. 3.5:
VELCO
Dry-Air Oy
. [Terveysilma, 2013],
[Dry-Air, 2013].
«Enervent Oy Ab»
,
,
,
«IVT Nordic»,
,
.
,
35
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
[IVT Nordic, 2012a]:
0,9-6,5
0,16-1,7
(
3
(
)
5,7-11,2
)
0,9-4,0
0,2-1,25
(
3
(
)
5,2-9,3
).
,
,
,
.
(
.
. 3.6
,
),
.
:
,
. 3.6:
Nordic, 2012b].
.
[IVT
36
,
,
)
,
,
»
.
(
,
)
42
[Mateve, 2008].
,
,
[Motiva,
2010].
,
.
3.4
,
,
.
.
[Adato, 2006]
:
)
(BAU);
)
(BAT),
3.1.
37
3.1.
2006, 2015
2015 2020
BAU
BAT
2020
.
[Adato, 2006].
BAU
BAT
2006
2015
2015
2020
2020
2015
2020
1 627
1 405
1 028
1 227
767
377
459
653
683
618
693
577
65
116
261
288
266
290
268
22
22
392
412
357
423
347
56
77
834
1 177
888
1 076
860
289
215
408
323
121
240
87
202
153
852
930
630
971
971
0
0
669
741
545
809
566
196
243
206
221
221
227
227
0
0
218
221
221
225
225
0
0
2 427
2 233
843
2 002
845
1 389
1 157
89
95
21
99
22
75
77
2 572
2 600
2 600
2 650
2 650
0
0
11 207
11 336
8 657
10 931
8 412
2 669
2 519
,
.
(
,
),
.
.
.
[Adato, 2006],
:
38
;
;
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
[Motiva, 2009].
.
.
:
[Motiva, 2009]:
2015
2017
.
.
2012
.
,
30%
70%.
:
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
39
[Motiva, 2009].
T8 2x36W,
,
T5 1x35W
(
)
,
,
30% [Motiva, 2009].
3.5
,
.
.
,
,
[Rica, 2012].
,
,
«Rica», «ROTO» «Savo-Solar».
. 3.7:
«Rica»
[Rica, 2012].
,
.
,
,
.
40
2,95
,
1780
.
(
),
.
. 3.8:
.
).
,
,
.
.
«SMA Solar Technology AG»
«SunPower
Corporation».
,
.
,
,
:
,
.
,
.
41
,
,
(
,
).
–
,
.
3.9
.
. 3.9:
[Viessman, 2012].
3.6
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
42
,
.
43
4
4
:
,
.
(
,
25-60%).
(
«
)
38
»
.
.
.
«E-Street, 2007»
«USAID, 2010».
:
;
;
;
.
«E-Street»,
50-70%
,
.
40-
50%.
44
4.1
.
,
,
,
4.1
.
,
[USAID, 2010].
4.1:
[USAID, 2010].
4.1:
[USAID, 2010].
)
35-65
10 00015 000
,
70-130
8 00012 000
,
50-150
15 00024 000
,
100-190
18 00024 000
,
45
5 00010 000
30-90
100-120
100
,
,
15 00020 000
,
,
10 00050 000
55
, (Golden
DRAGON
,
,
,
,
350
)
(
)
«
» (E-Street)
,
[E-Street, 2008],
,
,
,
,
1960-
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
40%.
15%
1/3
250
,
.
150
40%.
(
)
5-10 %.
20%.
46
«E-Street»
,
,
,
.
40 %
.
150
,
,
105
.
,
,
,
270
1, 267
.
.
,
37%
.
.
«E-street»
,
,
,
.
-
[CUD, 2008].
47
4.2:
[CUD, 2008].
.
«Motiva»
,
,
20
2
.
20
50
[Motiva, 2009].
(€)
48
49
5
5
,
(
,
),
.
,
,
.
.
5.1
–
,
.
,
,
(
,
),
,
,
.
,
249-2009]
, [RIL
,
(
,
. 5.1.).
:
;
.
,
,
.
-
50
-
-
-
-«
-«
»
»
-
. 5.1:
,
5.2
–
:
,
.
,
,
,
[Motiva, 2012].
1,63
.
5.1
,
[Adato, 2006].
5.1.
[Adato, 2006].
1993
2006
890 116
1 065 423
20 %
]
1 950
2 109
8%
]
1 736
2 247
29%
51
1993-2006
,
(2/3
)
,
(
,
.).
5.2:
[Adato, 2006].
5.2
490
469
[%]
22%
21%
283
245
168
110
91
83
54
13%
11%
7%
5%
4%
4%
2%
52
202
2247
2%
9%
,
,
.
5.3
5.3.1
«VTT» 2008
«VTT»
.
,
([Holopainen, 2008]
[Norden, 2008]).
52
CO2
,
.
«VTT»
.
(
),
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
(
).
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
67%.
65% (
,
5.4.
. 5.2).
,
53
2,5
.
. 5.2:
(
(
)
)
(
:
)
(
) [Holopainen, 2008].
5.4:
[Holopainen, 2008].
€
,
,€
.
.
8585
346
17.5
17800
1155
12.1
11200
416
18.6
3500
429
7.1
1950, 1960
1970
,
255
.
2
, 213
2
188
2
54
;
,
;
;
30 %).
2
82-138
,
.
46-56 %.
2008
,
(
) [Lindstedt, 2010].
,
(
,
45 000 – 49 000
.
),
.
.
.
5.3.2
«VTT»
.
7
,
.
,
1000-
,
.
(GSHP),
3
IVT Greenline E15,
,
,
[VTTb, 2012].
15
,
.
55
.
16 500 – 18 000
.
2,5
9%
4.
[VTTb, 2012].
.
150
,
36 000
2
[VTTb,
2012].
450
Premiumline X11»
1,25 .
«IVT
11
.
36 000
13 500
2,67.
20
.
-
,
,
0 – 0,5
,
,
3 .
[VTTb, 2012].
2,5 –
56
57
6
6
.
,
.
.
.
,
Excel.
.
,
(
)
.
.6.1:
.
,
.
58
,
(
)
(
).
6.2,
,
,
.
. 6.2:
.
,
.
A
.
G,
.
59
0–140
0–100
A
141–180
101–120
B
181–230
121–140
C
231–300
141–180
D
301–390
181–230
E
391–500
231–280
F
501–
281–
G
. 6.3:
,
2
(
),
-
[RIL249-2009].
,
,
,
.
.
5
).
,
«
.
»
,
.
2012
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
60
[Haahtela, 2012]
,
.
,
–
.
[Solomennikov, 2012], [Tambovskaya, 2012].
,
(
)
.
,
,
[Eliseev, 2011].
,
,
.
,
,
.
61
7
7
.
«
»
,
.
1963
125
,
996
2
,
,
.
,
.
.
46 377
(227 599
,
5 433
) - 12 397
.
.
,
.
. 7.1:
«
»
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
14
.
,
.
62
.
.
(
),
,
.
:
,
,
,
.
7.2
,
.
,
.
.
. 7.2:
.
,
,
.
.
,
(
).
.
63
. 7.3:
.
«
.
«
»
7.1
,
2
940
,
G
.
7.1:
.
.
2
]
,
2
K]
/K]
651
1.41
917
636
1.04
662
566
0.22
127
14
2.79
39
210
2.27
477
2222
160
64
296
2678
,
.
,
«
»
,
,
–
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
0,3 1/
0,5 1/
(30 %
)
,
70 %,
296
289
/K,
,
. 942
2
.
7.1
.
.
,
65
RakMK C3 (2010)
[RakMK C3,
2010].
. 7.2:
.
(2010)
RakMK C3
0,17
0,09–0,17
0,09
1,0
»
1,0
1,0
7.3
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
66
7.3:
.
2
K]
,
H
/K]
0,95
Tiivi 2+2 (U=0.85) [1]
2,27)
0,07
477)
845 (G)
(1)
-10,3%
45 (
1,04)
Paroc eXtra
200 (
662)
725 (G)
-23%
500
( D=0,036) [2]
0,11
786 (
,
917)
896 (G)
-4,9%
PAROC COS 10
300
( D=0,035)
1,41
[3]
0,11
PAROC
COS 10
72 (
1,41)
917)
645 (G)
-31,6%
300
( D=0,035) [4]
.
([1] + [4]
.
.
428 (F)
-54,6%
)
+
.
.
330 (F)
-64,9%
([1]+[2]+[4])
(1)
.
,
7.4,
.
,
67
,
.
7.4:
.
10%
.
.
.
.
]
]
]
(39
560
256
900 (25 750 €)
972
350
1344 (38 400 €)
159
1500-2000
1825-2375 (52 150-
)
)
689
3000-4500
67 900 €)
4025-5675 (115 000)
162 150 €)
,
,
-
F.
,
,
.
(
,
,
50 000 €),
,
,
.
,
68
,
.
7.2
,
,
2012
1)
.
.
,
.
. 7.4:
,
.
(
(
12 700
11 350
),
14
.
.
.
.
,
)
69
.
, 2)
.
,
,
.
2
50-100
50 000
,
.
.
(
,
,
)
,
.
,
(
)
,
.
,
15 %.
3)
«Purmo»
«Danfoss»
.
«Purmo»
«Danfoss»
800
(28 000
).
.
11000-22000
(€),
.
,
,
,
70
,
.
,
,
.
1300 €.
.
«Panasonic»
9100 €
4200 €.
4)
.
,
.
T7,
T5.
,
:
.
,
.
,
7.4,
(
40 000 €),
.
.
,
(
)
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
71
18
,
,
1000 €.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
1
2
([Haahtela, 2012], [VTT, 2012])
.
,
,
,
, 1300 €
).
,
.
7.5:
[VTT, 2012]
1
.
2
10%
.
, €/
«
»
(111
(39
-
)
)
2
)
8 300 €
11 350 €
8 700 €
12 700 €
10-30 €
1110-3330 €
800
11000-22000 €
,
€
,
25 750 €
72
38 400 €
50-100 €/
,
2
100-150 €/m
55 000-110 000 €
2
100 000-150 000 €
150–250
:
115 000-162 150 €
(
.
2),
,
,
.
7.3
,
,
,
.
,
,
«
«IVT».
»
«Panasonic»
,
,
.
«
«
»
-
.
,
,
.
,
,
Talpet.
,
73
,
(
,
50 000
,
(€),
50
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
(
Purmo
Danfoss).
,
Gebwell.
,
(
.
,
)
74
75
8
8
,
33
,
.
ECAT-
2012,
.
,
,
,
,
«
».
–
.
, 33.
,
1983
,
2.
2107
,
.
0.38
. 8.1:
.
,
, 33,
.
76
«
«
».
40%,
:
– 80%;
– 60%;
– 60%;
– 40%.
8.1.)
,
8.2
,
.
8.1:
2
2003,
. 4, 2*
,
,
23-02-
0,30 / 2,68
916,40
3054,67
1,20 / 2,68
325,10
270,92
0,96 / 4,02
562,4
585,83
0,64 / 1,45
562,4
878,75
0,35 / 0,42
439,8
1256,57
0,76 / 0,67
20,2
26,58
6073,32
77
8.2:
,
2
RakMK C3 (2010)
2
2
(23-022
2003)
3.33
1.41
0.17
0.37
0.83
1.41
0.17
0.37
1.56
0.22
0.09–0.17
0.69
1.04
1.04
0.09
0.25
2.86
2.27
1.00
2.38
1.32
2.79
1.00
1.50
8.1
,
,
.
,
.
40%,
.
.
78
8.3:
.
2
U[
K]
/K]
IsRakMK C3 (2010)?
0.85 (old 2.85)
Tiivi 2+2 (U=0.85)
300
374 (old 1257)
(1)
-12.3%
500
Paroc eXtra ( D=0.036)
PAROC COS 10
(ref: 1.0)
of
0.07
(old 1.04)
(ref: 0.09)
39 (old 586)
-7.6%
0.11
(ref: 0.17)
105 (old 3055)
-41.0%
3.33)
( D=0.035)
(1)
8.2
,
(
)
,
.
(
)
.
0.38
,
,
0.84
)
.
,
:
1)
,
.
.
2)
.
79
3)
,
,
.
,
,
.
8.4.
,
,
,
(
100
,
,
–
1300
,
- 10 000
).
8.4:
[VTT, 2012].
/
2
,
50–100
20 000-40 000
100
20 000
50–100
100 000-200 000
1300€)
50 000-100 000
:
150–250
300 000-500 000
.
,
80
.
,
,
,
)
.
,
.
81
9
9
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
(
),
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
(
)
.
82
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
(
,
,
50 000
),
,
50
,
,
,
Engineering Office
Granlund.
–
.
,
10%.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
83
,
,
,
(
,
,
).
,
.
,
.
84
85
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ISBN 978-952-265-439-7 (paperback)
ISBN 978-952-265-440-3 (PDF)
ISSN-L 2243-3384
ISSN 2243-3384
ЛАППЕЕНРАНТСКИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЛТУ
Технологический факультет
ЛТУ Энергия
LUT Russia-related Studies
Lappeenranta 2013
LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications
Raportit ja selvitykset – Reports
Теро Ахонен, Мика Луоранен, Йеро Ахола, Юсси
Туунанен
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРАКТИК СЕВЕРНЫХ
СТРАН ПО ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ
И ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫМ ИСТОЧНИКАМ
ЭНЕРГИИ В КАЛИНИНГРАДСКОЙ
ОБЛАСТИ
Partly financed by the EU
8