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WlZnmgdpbyy\ey_lky\hij_^_e_gghfkfuk e_h[jZlghcihhlghr_gbxdh[h]Zs_gbxnmgdpbhgZevguokbkl_f\ijhp_kk_hjb_glbjh \hqgh-bkke_^h\Zl_evkdhc ^_yl_evghklb JZa\blu_ nmgdpbhgZevgu_ kbkl_fu bf_xl [h]Z lucZdp_ilhjj_amevlZlh\^_ckl\bybagZqbl[hevrh_fgh`_kl\hdhgljhebjm_fuoimkdh \uoh[klZgh\hqguobkb]gZebabjmxsboh^hklb`_gbbj_amevlZlh\ijhf_`mlhqguo^_c kl\bcklbfmeh\<gh\hcg_h[uqghch[klZgh\d_qZklvwlboklbfmeh\fh`_lhlkmlkl\h\Zlv bke_^h\Zl_evghnmgdpbhgZevgu_kbkl_fu\g_cg_kfh]mlkjZ[hlZlv<wlhfkemqZ_g_ h[oh^bfhhkeZ[blvlj_[h\ZgbydihklmiZxsbfklbfmeZfqlhb^_eZ_lkywfhpbyfb<gh \hcg_h[uqghch[klZgh\d_g_evayihemqblvohjhrmxhp_gdm\_jhylghklbbke_^h\Zl_ev gh [m^ml \hagbdZlv hljbpZl_evgu_ wfhpbb lj_\h]b kljZoZ beb [_kihdhckl\Z baf_gyx sb_ nhjfu ih\_^_gby ³?keb ijhp_kk mijhq_gby mkeh\gh]h j_ne_dkZ khijh\h`^Z_lky mf_gvr_gb_f wfhpbhgZevgh]h gZijy`_gby b h^gh\j_f_ggh i_j_oh^hf hl ^hfbgZglgh]h ]_g_jZebah\Zggh]hj_Z]bjh\Zgbydkljh]hba[bjZl_evgufj_ZdpbyfgZmkeh\guckb]gZe lh\hagbdgh\_gb_wfhpbc\_^_ld\lhjbqghc]_g_jZebaZpbbQ_fkbevg__klZgh\blkyih lj_[ghklv-ibr_l@Gxll_g-l_ff_g__ki_pbnbq_gh[t_dl\uau\Zxsbckhhl\_lkl \mxsmx j_Zdpbx Ijb wlhf mkbe_gb_ ihlj_[ghklb kdhj__ ih\urZ_l j_Zdlb\ghklv d \g_rgbfklbfmeZfq_fijhklhmkbeb\Z_l^\b]Zl_evgh_[_kihdhckl\h<bgnhjfZpbhggh h[_^g_gghckj_^_[_^ghc\g_rgbfbklbfmeZfb-?<^\b]Zl_evgZyZdlb\ghklv]heh^guo djuk \hajZklZeZ \k_]h gZ \ lh \j_fy dZd \ h[uqguo mkeh\byo hgZ m\_ebqb\ZeZkv \ q_luj_jZaZ>OZcg^@GZjZklZgb_wfhpbhgZevgh]hgZijy`_gbykh^ghcklhjhgujZkrb jy_l^bZiZahgba\e_dZ_fuobaiZfylbwg]jZff, Zk^jm]hcklhjhgukgb`Z_ldjbl_jbb “ijbgylbyj_r_gby” ijbkhihklZ\e_gbbwlbowg]jZffkgZebqgufbklbfmeZfbLZd]h eh^guc q_eh\_d gZqbgZ_l \hkijbgbfZlv g_hij_^_e_ggu_ klbfmeu \ dZq_kl\_ Zkkhpbb jmxsb_kykibs_c>0F&OHOODQG$WNLQVRQ @´>K@³<hagbdgh\_gb_wfhpbhgZev gh]hgZijy`_gbykhijh\h`^Z_lkyi_j_oh^hfdbgufq_f\kihdhcghfkhklhygbbnhjfZf ih\_^_gbyijbgpbiZfhp_gdb\g_rgbokb]gZeh\bj_Z]bjh\ZgbygZgboNbabheh]bq_kdb kmlv wlh]h i_j_oh^Z fh`gh hij_^_eblv dZd \ha\jZl hl lhgdh ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo mkeh\ guo j_Zdpbc d j_Z]bjh\Zgbx ih ijbgpbim ^hfbgZglu ::Molhfkdh]h´ > K 35]. “Dhfi_gkZlhjgh_agZq_gb_wfhpbcaZdexqZ_lky\bo aZf_sZxs_cg_^hklZxsmxbg nhjfZpbx - ?<jheb” [6. K @³Qlh dZkZ_lky iheh`bl_evguo wfhpbc lhbodhf i_gkZlhjgZynmgdpbyj_Zebam_lkyq_j_a\ebygb_gZihlj_[ghklvbgbpbbjmxsmxih\_^_ gb_<ljm^ghckblmZpbbkgbadhc\_jhylghklvx^hklb`_gbyP_eb^Z`_g_[hevrhcmki_o \hajZklZgb_ \_jhylghklb ihjh`^Z_l iheh`bl_evgmx wfhpbx \hh^mr_\e_gby dhlhjZy mkbeb\Z_lihlj_[ghklv^hklb`_gbyP_eb´> K 39]. 2.5. Ikbohnbabheh]by\heb. <ur_ fu ]h\hjbeb qlh ijb ihy\e_gbb ij_iylkl\bc hljbpZl_evgu_ wfhpbb mkbeb \Zxlky^Z\Zy^hihegbl_evgh_wg_j]_lbq_kdh_h[_ki_q_gb_^eyij_h^he_gbyij_iylkl\by Gh lZdh_ mkbe_gb_ hkms_kl\ey_lky \ jZfdZo wg_j]_lbq_kdbo \hafh`ghkl_c ^Zgghc ih lj_[ghklb?kebij_iylkl\b_agZqbl_evghlh^hklb`_gb_^Zgghcp_ebfh`_l[ulvl_fg_ f_g__ijbhklZgh\e_ghQlh[uijbhklZgh\dZ^_ckl\bcg_ijhbkoh^beZijbdZ`^hfk_jv_a ghfij_iylkl\bbZohlvbgh]^Zijh^he`ZeZkvg_kfhljygZij_iylkl\b_g_h[oh^bfhbf_lv ^hihegbl_evgh_ b g_aZ\bkbfh_ hl ihlj_[ghklb wg_j]_lbq_kdh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ LZdbf wg_j]_lbq_kdbfh[_ki_q_gb_fy\ey_lky\hey³Ljm^ghklvihklb`_gbyih^ebgguofhlb \h\ ih\_^_gby b ihjh^beZ m[_`^_gb_ \ gZebqbb dZdbo-lh k\_joj_]meylhjh\ dhlhju_ mijZ\eyxlihlj_[ghklyfbohlybg_\k_]^ZkijZ\eyxlkykgbfb<dZq_kl\_lZdboj_]m eylhjh\ ljZ^bpbhggh jZkkfZljb\Zxl \hex b khagZgb_ Gb`_ fu ihklZjZ_fky ihdZaZlv 8 qlh\heyg_mijZ\ey_lihlj_[ghklyfbZijbkh_^bgb\rbkvddZdhc-eb[hbagbokh^_ckl \m_l__m^h\e_l\hj_gbxQlhdZkZ_lkykhagZgbylhhghaZgylh\hhjm`_gb_fihlj_[ghkl_c kj_^kl\Zfbbkihkh[Zfbbom^h\e_l\hj_gbyLZdbfh[jZahfb\hey,bkhagZgb__klvj_ amevlZlljZgknhjfZpbbihlj_[ghkl_cwlZibo^Zevg_cr_cjZajZ[hldb´> K @³Fu iheZ]Z_f qlh nbeh]_g_lbq_kdhc ij_^ihkuedhc \he_\h]h ih\_^_gby y\ey_lky ³j_ne_dk k\h[h^u´ hibkZgguc BIIZ\eh\uf < khijhlb\e_gbb kh[Zdb h]jZgbqblv __ ^\b]Zl_ev gmx Zdlb\ghklv IZ\eh\ m\b^_e g_kjZ\g_ggh [hevr__ g_`_eb jZagh\b^ghklv aZsblghc j_Zdpbb ³J_ne_dk k\h[h^u” - wlh kZfhklhyl_evgZy nhjfZ ih\_^_gby ^ey dhlhjhc ij_ iylkl\b_kem`blg_f_g__Z^_d\Zlgufklbfmehfq_fdhjf^eyibs_^h[u\Zl_evguo^_c kl\bc[hev -^eyh[hjhgbl_evghcj_ZdpbbZgh\ucbg_h`b^ZggucjZa^jZ`bl_ev -^ey hjb_glbjh\hqghc Klhedgm\rbkv k ij_]jZ^hc gZ imlb d ibs_ `b\hlgh_ gZqbgZ_l bk ihevah\Zlvg_l_\ZjbZglu^_ckl\bcdhlhju_jZgvr_ijb\h^bebdibs_\hfmih^dj_ie_ gbxghojZgysb_ky\iZfylbkihkh[uij_h^he_gbykoh^guoij_iylkl\bcBf_gghoZjZd l_jij_]jZ^uZg_i_j\bqgucfhlb\hij_^_ey_lkhklZ\^_ckl\bci_j_[bjZ_fuo\ijhp_k k_ hj]ZgbaZpbb ih\_^_gby kihkh[gh]h h[_ki_qblv ^hklb`_gb_ P_eb :dlb\ghklv \u a\ZggZyij_]jZ^hc\hij_^_e_gguokemqZyofh`_lhll_kgblvi_j\hgZqZevgh_ih[m`^_gb_ gZ\lhjhcieZgblh]^Zfu\klj_lbfkykmijyfkl\hfkih\_^_gb_f]^_ij_h^he_gb_klZ ehkZfhp_evxZbkoh^gucfhlb\mljZlbek\h_agZq_gb_b^Z`_aZ[ul´> K @³BlZd \hey_klvihlj_[ghklvij_h^he_gbyij_iylkl\bcDZd\kydZybgZyihlj_[ghklvhgZfh `_l y\blvky bklhqgbdhf iheh`bl_evguo beb hljbpZl_evguo wfhpbc h[mkeh\e_gguo kZ fbf nZdlhf ij_h^he_gby beb g_ij_h^he_gby ij_]jZ^u ^h lh]h dZd [m^_l ^hklb]gmlZ dhg_qgZy P_ev AZf_lbf qlh \f_rZl_evkl\h \heb g_ hlf_gy_l mgb\_jkZevgmx j_]meb jmxsmx nmgdpbx wfhpbc ihkdhevdm \hey \f_rb\Z_lky \ dhgdmj_gpbx fhlb\h\ hiylv-lZdbgZmjh\g_wfhpbc”. [6. K 162] 3. Ihlj_[ghklbbiZjZ^hdkp_eb Kbgl_aijbgpbih\p_e_iheZ]Zgby \_jhylghklgh]hijh]ghabjh\Zgbybij_^kdZaZgby IjhZgZebabjm_f bgnhjfZpbhggmx l_hjbx wfhpbc k lhqdb aj_gby ijbgpbih\ p_e_ iheZ]Zgby\_jhylghklgh]hijh]ghabjh\Zgbybij_^kdZaZgbyWlhiha\heblgZfkbgl_abjh \Zlvijbgpbiup_e_iheZ]Zgbybij_^kdZaZgbygZg_nhjfZevghfmjh\g_ 3.1. Ihlj_[ghklb dZd hkgh\Z b ^\b`msZy kbeZ q_eh\_q_kdh]h ih\_^_gby Ih kdhevdm ihlj_[ghklb b _klv p_eb klZ\ysb_ky i_j_^ hj]Zgbafhf lh ZgZeba ihgylby ih lj_[ghklvy\ey_lky^hklZlhqgh\Z`gufIhlj_[ghklby\eyxlky^\b`ms_ckbehcex[uo p_e_gZijZ\e_gguo^_ckl\bc³>hims_gb_dZdbo-lhbguobklhqgbdh\fhlb\Zpbbkms_ kl\mxsbo jy^hf kihlj_[ghklyfbbg_aZ\bkbfuohlgbo\hagbdZ_l ihgZr_fmfg_gbx ih ^\mfijbqbgZf<h-i_j\uo fug_j_^dhaZ[u\Z_fqlhmklZgh\db,p_gghklb,bgl_j_ ku,P_ebkm[t_dlZy\eyxlkyijhba\h^gufbhlihlj_[ghkl_cihjh`^Zxlkybfb<h\lhjuofu\k__s_g_^hhp_gb\Z_f[h]Zlkl\ZbjZaghh[jZabyihlj_[ghkl_cmihjghk\h^y bodh]jZgbq_gghfmqbkemfZl_jbZevgh-[bheh]bq_kdboihlj_[ghkl_c\ibs_h^_`^_`b ebs_ b li <f_kl_ k l_f \ gZklhys__ \j_fy m[_^bl_evgh ihdZaZgh qlh ihlj_[ghklv \ bgnhjfZpbb \ gh\bag_ baf_gqb\hklb \g_rg_c kj_^u y\ey_lky h^ghc ba ^j_\g_crbo b kZfhklhyl_evguoihlj_[ghkl_c`b\uokbkl_fHiuluklZdgZau\Z_fhck_gkhjghc^_ijb \Zpb_c m `b\hlguo b q_eh\_dZ bkke_^h\Zgb_ n_ghf_gh\ bgnhjfZpbhggh]h ]heh^Zgby b kdmdbkem`Zlm[_^bl_evguflhfmih^l\_j`^_gb_f>%HUO\QH@´>K 145]. BgnhjfZpbhggZyl_hjbywfhpbcI<Kbfhgh\Ziha\hey_lkms_kl\_gghijh^\bgmlv ky \ ihgbfZgbb jheb ihlj_[ghkl_c \ `bagb `b\hlguo b q_eh\_dZ b \ qZklghklb h[tyk 9 gblv\q_fijbgpbibZevgh_jZaebqb_f_`^miheh`bl_evgufbbhljbpZl_evgufbwfhpby fbIjb\_^_fkgZqZeZh[tykg_gb_wlh]hjZaebqby^Zggh_\bgnhjfZpbhgghcl_hjbbwfh pbc ³GZebqb_ iheh`bl_evguo b hljbpZl_evguo wfhpbc mdZau\Zeh gZ kdju\Zxsb_ky ih^gbfb^\_hkgh\gu_]jmiiuihlj_[ghkl_ci_j\u_badhlhjuoh[_ki_qb\ZxlkhojZg_ gb_`b\uokbkl_fbj_amevlZlh\bo^_yl_evghklbZ\lhju_-^_eZxl\hafh`gufjZa\b lb_ kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_ wlbo kbkl_f mkeh`g_gb_ bo \gmlj_gg_c hj]ZgbaZpbb Wlb ^\_ ]jmiiufhlb\Zpbc\ke_^aZ=Heihjlhfb:FZkehmfh`ghgZa\Zlv “ihlj_[ghklyfbgm` ^u´ b “ihlj_[ghklyfb jhklZ”” [6. K @ ³IjbgpbibZevgh_ jZaebqb_ f_`^m iheh`b l_evgufbbhljbpZl_evgufbwfhpbyfbh[gZjm`b\Z_lkyijbm^h\e_l\hj_gbb^Z`_kjZ\gb l_evgh we_f_glZjguo ihlj_[ghkl_c gZijbf_j ihlj_[ghklb \ ibs_ Kbevguc ]heh^ i_ j_`b\Z_fuckm[t_dlhfdZdhljbpZl_evgZywfhpbyih[m`^Z_lm^h\e_l\hjblv_]hex[ufb kt_^h[gufb \_s_kl\Zfb ebrv [u ba[Z\blvky hl fmqbl_evgh]h ^ey km[t_dlZ khklhygby M^h\hevkl\b_ ihemqZ_fh_ hl ibsb k g_h[oh^bfhklvx lj_[m_l __ jZaghh[jZaby ihbkdZ gh\uo iblZl_evguo \_s_kl\ bo gh\uo dhf[bgZpbc b kihkh[h\ ijb]hlh\e_gby Bgufb keh\Zfb^Z`_gZmjh\g_ibs_\hcihlj_[ghklbiheh`bl_evgu_wfhpbbb]jZxll\hjq_ kdb-ihbkdh\mx jhev kh^_ckl\my hk\h_gbx gh\uo kn_j hdjm`Zxs_c ^_ckl\bl_evghklb´ > K @ ³DZd b \k_ ^jm]b_ ihlj_[ghklb gm`^Z b jhkl bg^b\b^mZevgh \Zjvbjmxlky m jZaguoex^_cIh-\b^bfhfmbf_gghhlghkbl_evgh_ij_h[eZ^Zgb_h^ghcbawlboihlj_[ ghkl_c\_^_ldlhfmqlhijbbkke_^h\ZgbblZdgZau\Z_fh]hmjh\gyijblyaZgbcbkiulm_ fu_^_eylkygZ^\_]jmiiugZl_odlhklj_fblkydmki_ombgZl_odlh]eZ\gufh[jZahf ba[_]Z_lg_mki_oZ” [6. 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