A вы пробовали гипноз?

K_j]_c =hjbg : \uijh[h\Zeb]bigha" IjZdlbq_kdh_ jmdh\h^kl\h ih ijbf_g_gbx ]bighlbq_kdbo ikbohl_ogbd \ [bag_k_ b f_^bpbg_j_deZf_b ijhiZ]Zg^_lhj]h\e_b ih\k_^g_\ghc`bagbKI[k Ijhklufb ^hklmigufyaudhfZ\lhjbaeZ]Z_lhkgh\gu_k\_^_gbyh ijb_fZob l_ogbdZo ]bighlbq_kdh]h \ha^_ckl\by ihdZau\Z_l gZ dhgdj_lguo ijbf_jZo bkihevah\Zgb_ ijb_fh\ ]bighaZ êy ^hklb`_gby p_e_c h[s_gby \ jZaebqguo kblmZpbyo wnn_dlb\gh_ \ha^_ckl\b_ gZ j_Zevguo b ihl_gpbZevguo ^_eh\uo iZjlg_jh\ deb_glh\ iZpb_glh\ ihdmiZl_e_c < i_j\mx hq_j_^v dgb]Z [m^_l bgl_j_kgZ l_f dlh ih jh^m ijhn_kkbb jZ[hlZ_l k ex^vfb i_^Z]h]Zf ih ijhn_kkbb b ijba\Zgbx dhff_jkZglZf xjbklZf \jZqZf b ikboheh]Zf ijh^Z\pZf b kljZoh\uf Z]_glZf Z lZd`_ \k_f dlh ohq_l klZlv m^Zqeb\__ 7K=hjbg 7EZgv DZd\b^bl_gZ\_^_gb_ljZgkZhq_gvijhklhcgZ\udb \u\ kmsghklbaZieZlbebfg_ g_ aZ lh qlh[u magZlv dZd ih]jmablv q_eh\_dZ \ ]bighlbq_kdb baf_g_ggh_ khklhygb_ khagZgby<uaZieZlbebaZlhqlh[umagZlvdZdwlhbkihevah\Zlv K_j]_c:=hjbg] H=E:<E?GB? Ij_^bkeh\b_ Z\lhjZ dhlhjh_ g_h[oh^bfh ijhq_klv ^h ijbh[j_l_gby dgb]b =eZ\Z Hkgh\u ih\_^_gby ]bighlba_jZ =eZ\Z Hkgh\u j_qb ]bighlba_jZ =eZ\Z GZ\_^_rv ]bighlbq_kdh]h ljZgkZ i_j\Zy klmi_gv =eZ\Z GZ\_^_gb_ ]bighlbq_kdh]h ljZgkZ \lhjZy klmi_gv =eZ\Z Bkihevah\Zgb_ ljZgkZ b fZgbimeypby khagZgb_f i_j\Zy klmi_gv =eZ\Z Bkihevah\Zgb_ ljZgkZ b fZgbimeypby khagZgb_f \lhjZy klmi_gv =eZ\Z KZfh]bighab ^jm]b_l_ogbdbêyjZ[hluk kh[hc=eZ\ZIhklkdjbilmfihke_ gZibkZggh]h IJ?>BKEH<B?:<LHJ: dhlhjh_g_h[oh^bfhijhq_klv^hijbh[j_l_gbydgb]b Dh]^Z y \i_j\u_ ij_êh`be dhff_jkZglZf bamqZlv ]bigha bo wlh m^b\beh Ihwlhfm dgb]m y gZqgm lZd `_ dZd gZqbgZe k\hb e_dpbb k ijbf_jZ mki_rgh]h ijbf_g_gby ]bighaZijbjZ[hl_k ex^vfbg_\ dZ[bg_l_ikbohl_jZi_\lZIjbf_j\aylba^_l_dlb\ghc ih\_klb>Mwkle_cdZIjhdeylucbamfjm^H^bgba__ kx`_lguoih\hjhlh\khklhbl\ lhf qlh ij_klmigbdb ohlyl mdjZklv bamfjm^ ba [Zgdh\kdh]h k_cnZ Ijb wlhf h]jZ[blv [Zgd g_\hafh`gh hg kebrdhf ohjhrh aZsbs_g Fh`gh ijZ\^Z e_]Zevgh \hclb \ ihf_s_gb_ ]^_ klhyl k_cnu êy wlh]h gZ^h klZlv deb_glhf [ZgdZ gh b lml _klv ij_iylkl\b_ dZ`ûc k_cn hldju\Z_lky ^\mfy dexqZfb h^bg ba dhlhjuo ojZgblky m deb_glZ Z ^jm]hc m hojZggbdZ bf_xs_]h nhlh]jZnbb \k_o deb_glh\ Lhl dexq dhlhjucijbgZê_`Ze\eZ^_evpmk_cnZk bamfjm^hfij_klmigbdbm`_^h[uebgh\_^v hojZggbdg_hldjh_lqm`hck_cn: qlh_kebijbf_gblv]bigha":ev[_jlDjhf\_ev hojZggbd Z\l `be \ d\Zjlbj_ gZ ^\Z^pZlv k_^vfhf wlZ`_ \ <_jog_f <_klKZc^_ b ^h[bjZeky ^hfhc gZ f_ljh < lhl ^_gv dh]^Z hg \hr_e \ ebnl jhkeuc bfihaZglguc fm`qbgZ k q_jguf ijhgabl_evguf \a]ey^hf \ukhdbf e[hf b ]mklufb q_jgufb \hehkZfb\ dhlhjuogZqbgZeZk_j_[jblvkyk_^bgZ\hr_e\ ebnl\f_kl_k gbf<um`_ \b^_ebwlbpbnju"kijhkbefm`qbgZ]em[hdbfauqguf]hehkhfM^b\e_gguc:ev[_jl ih\_jgmekyd khk_^mg_agZdhfu_ex^bg_jZa]h\Zjb\Zxl\ ebnl_Ijhrmijhs_gby" Db\dhf]heh\ubfihaZglgucfm`qbgZmdZaZegZjy^ghf_jh\k\_lysbokygZ^^\_jvx Y ]h\hjx h[ wlbo pbnjZo Ihkfhljbl_ gZ gbo H[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ gZ j_]meyjghklv ^\b`_gby ijh^he`Ze k\hbf a\mqguf ]hehkhf kljZgguc ihimlqbd DZd ijbylgh \b^_lvohjhrhgZeZ`_ggucf_oZgbaf^_ckl\mxsbc[_ahldZaghj_]meyjghkfhlj_lvgZ ghf_jZ agZlv qlh aZ dZ`ûf ghf_jhf ihke_^m_l ^jm]hc Kfhljbl_ gZ ghf_jZ Ijhbaghkbl_bo\kemo_kebohlbl_wlhmkihdZb\Z_lihke_jZ[hluLZdohjhrhqlh_klv \hafh`ghklv hl^hogmlv \hafh`ghklv kfhlj_lv gZ wlb ghf_jZ qm\kl\h\Zlv dZd l_eh jZkkeZ[ey_lky jZkkeZ[ey_lky qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y \ [_ahiZkghklb kfhlj_lv gZ ghf_jZ ke_^blv gZ gbfb qm\kl\h\Zlv dZd dZ`ûc fmkdme jZkkeZ[ey_lky dZ`ûc g_j\ jZkkeZ[ey_lky qm\kl\h\Zlv qlh fh`gh gZ dhg_p ijbkehgblvky d kl_g_ b jZkkeZ[blvky jZkkeZ[blvky jZkkeZ[blvky L_i_jv [hevr_ gbq_]h g_ kms_kl\m_l djhf_ pbnj b fh_]h ]hehkZ BfihaZglguc fm`qbgZ aZfheqZe b ihkfhlj_e gZ :ev[_jlZ ijbkehgb\r_]hky d kl_g_ ebnlZ b mklj_fb\r_]h [_kkfuke_gguc \a]ey^ gZ pbnju ih\_jo ^\_jb Ih]Zk ^\_gZ^pZluc :ev[_jl Djhf\_ev kfhlj_e gZ ghf_jZ Z < [eb`Zcrb_ ^gb \ [Zgd_ ]^_ \u jZ[hlZ_l_ d \Zf h[jZlblkyq_eh\_d<uf_gyihgbfZ_l_">Zhl\_lbe:ev[_jlQ_eh\_dkdZ`_l\Zf EZj_dk Zn]Zgkdbfb[ZgZgZfb<uf_gyihgbfZ_l_">ZQlhkdZ`_l\Zfq_eh\_d" EZj_dk Zn]Zgkdbfb[ZgZgZfbHq_gvohjhrh kdZaZe bfihaZglguc fm`qbgZ AZ`_]ky ghf_j k_fgZ^pZluc Z hl\_lbe :ev[_jl Djhf\_ev Qlh \u k^_eZ_l_dh]^Zq_eh\_dkdZ`_lEZj_dk Zn]Zgkdbfb[ZgZgZfb"Y k^_eZxlhqlhhg fg_ \_ebl hl\_lbe :ev[_jl Djhf\_ev Hq_gv ohjhrh Wlh hq_gv ohjhrh m \Zk \k_ [m^_l hq_gv ohjhrh Dh]^Z q_eh\_d ihdbg_l \Zk \u aZ[m^_l_ qlh hg ijboh^be IhgbfZ_l_">ZQlh\uk^_eZ_l_dh]^Zhg\Zkihdbg_l"Y aZ[m^mqlhhgijboh^be Ij_\hkoh^ghfheh^_p\k_ohjhrhBfihaZglgucfm`qbgZijhlygmejmdmb gZ`ZegZ dghidm^\Z^pZlviylh]hwlZ`ZDh]^Zy \Zkihdbgm\uaZ[m^_l_gZrjZa]h\hjDh]^Z\u ^h_^_l_ ^h \Zr_]h wlZ`Z \u [m^_l_ qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y jZkkeZ[e_gguf \Zf [m^_l hq_gv hq_gvohjhrh<ug_[m^_l_\kihfbgZlvgZrjZa]h\hj^hlh]h\j_f_gbihdZq_eh\_dg_ kdZ`_l \Zf EZj_d k Zn]Zgkdbfb [ZgZgZfb Lh]^Z \u k^_eZ_l_ lh qlh \_ebl wlhl q_eh\_dZ dh]^Zhgmc^_l\uaZ[m^_l_gZrjZa]h\hjaZ[m^_l_q_eh\_dZdhlhjucd \Zf ijboh^be Z hl\_lbe :ev[_jl Djhf\_ev GZ^ ^\_jyfb ebnlZ aZ`_]kyghf_jEbnlhklZgh\beky>\_jbjZa^\bgmebkvFheh^_phq_gvohjhrh kdZaZebfihaZglgucfm`qbgZ\uoh^ybadZ[bguHq_gvohjhrh>\_jvaZdjueZkvb ebnl ih^gyeky ^h ^\Z^pZlv k_^vfh]h :ev[_jl \kljyogmeky b \ur_e ba dZ[bgu Meu[Zykv hg gZijZ\beky ih dhjb^hjm mijm]hc ihoh^dhc Hg qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y hl^hogm\rbf b [h^juf dhjhq_ ]h\hjy hg qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y ij_\hkoh^gh >Zevr_ \ ih\_klb \k_ ijhbahreh bf_ggh lZd dZd ijbdZaZe ]bighlba_j b fhbf kemrZl_eyf wlh dZ`_lkym^b\bl_evgufb ^Z`_nZglZklbqgufGZkZfhf^_e_a^_kvm^b\bl_evgh^jm]h_ lhqlhZ\lhjg_ijblyaZl_evgh]h^_l_dlb\gh]hqlb\ZZ[khexlghlhqghijhn_kkbhgZevgh lhqgh hibkZe ijbf_g_gb_ h^ghc ba l_ogbd wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h ]bighaZ dhlhjhfm ihk\ys_gu fhb e_dpbb b wlZ dgb]Z IjhqblZ\ __ \u jZamf__lky _s_ g_ kfh`_l_ gZ\h^blv b bkihevah\Zlv ]bighlbq_kdbc ljZgk klhev `_ baysgh dZd bfihaZglguc fm`qbgZ \ ebnl_ gh \u [m^_l_ agZlv dZd wlh fh`gh k^_eZlv b _keb aZohlbl_ [m^_l_ bf_lv\k_g_h[oh^bfu_êywlh]hgZ\udbKms_kl\m_ljyîjbqbgihdhlhjufwlZdgb]Z fh`_l klZlv ^h\hevgh ^hjh]hc Z agZqbl fh`_l hdZaZlvky \Zf g_ ih dZjfZgm LZd qlh \u[hj qblZlv __ beb g_ qblZlv hklZ_lky aZ \Zfb Ih nhjf_ wlZ dgb]Z y\ey_lky k_fbgZjhf gZ dhlhjhf ex^b mqZlky ]bigham bgh]^Z \u [m^_l_ ijbkmlkl\h\Zlv \ aZe_ kj_^b mqZklgbdh\ ?keb gZc^_l_ k_[_ iZjlg_jZ êy \uiheg_gby hibkZgguo a^_kv mijZ`g_gbcfh`_l_ihevah\Zlvkydgb]hcdZdkZfhmqbl_e_f?kebg_gZc^_l_imklvhgZ [m^_lêy\ZkkijZ\hqgbdhfmq_[gbdhfihfZgbimeypbbkhagZgb_fBebijhklhe_]dbf ql_gb_f?keb\ulZeZgleb\u\ h[s_gbbb fZgbimeypbyoex^vfb[_a\kydh]h]bighaZ \Zfg_gZ^hqblZlvwlmdgb]m =E:<:HKGH<UIH<?>?GBY=BIGHLBA?J: <\_^_gb_l_hjby]bighaZ =h\hjy h ]bigha_ ex^b qZklh bf_xl \ \b^m qlhlh ihqlb k\_jot_kl_kl\_ggh hg d g_fmih^hr_eaZ]bighlbabjh\Zeb kdZaZe>Zck^Zqmk ^_kyldbdZdk khlgbb lhllZd b k^_eZe;u\ZxllZfb lZdb_\_sbb fuh gbo[m^_f]h\hjblvgh\ hkgh\ghfwlh bkdexq_gby Fu `_ aZcf_fky ijZ\beZfb ]bighaZ bamqZy bo hl ijhklh]h d keh`ghfm qlh[u \u ihgyeb qlh ]bigha _kl_kl\_ggh_ ke_^kl\b_ ijbf_g_gby hij_^_e_gguo gZ\udh\ G_fgh]h l_hjbb Qlh[u ij_^klZ\blv k_[_ qlh lZdh_ ]bigha ^hklZlhqgh \kihfgblvrdhevgucdmjkZgZlhfbbb nbabheh]bbq_eh\_dZl_hjbxBIIZ\eh\Zk __ ijhp_kkZfb \ha[m`^_gby b lhjfh`_gby \ dhj_ ]heh\gh]h fha]Z LZf \k_ ijhklh \ khklhygbb [h^jkl\h\Zgby \ dhj_ ij_h[eZ^Z_l ijhp_kk \ha[m`^_gby \ khklhygbb kgZ ijhp_kk lhjfh`_gby Z ]bigha wlh hqZ] \ha[m`^_gby \ aZlhjfh`_gghc dhj_ <ky dhjZ kibl gh dhfZgû ]bighlba_jZ ihklmiZxl \ fha] q_j_a wlhl hqZ] b ihkdhevdm kiysbc fha]g_fh`_ldjblbq_kdbhkfukeblvbo]bighlbabjm_fuc\uihegy_lwlbdhfZgûlml `_ aZ[u\Zy h[ wlhf L_hjby ^hklZlhqgh m^h[gZy gh _keb ke_^h\Zlv lhevdh _c fu gZlZedb\Z_fky gZ jy^ h]jZgbq_gbc <hi_j\uo ]bigha ih IZ\eh\m wlh \k_]^Z khg AgZqblêylh]hqlh[uijb\_klbq_eh\_dZ\ ]bighlbq_kdh_khklhygb_lhjfh`_gb_dhju ]heh\gh]h fha]Z k hqZ]hf \ha[m`^_gby \ g_c b gZqZlv bf mijZ\eylv _]h gZ^h kgZqZeZ mkuiblv l_jfbg ]bigha \\_^_gguc \ ;9,,, \_d_ ;jw^hf \ i_j_\h^_ k ]j_q_kdh]h hagZqZ_lkhgIZ\eh\g_klZekihjblvk lZdbfbklhedh\Zgb_f^Zggh]hkhklhygby<h \lhjuojZaq_eh\_dZgZ^hmkuieylvlhdlhlhaZkg_lZ dlhlhg_lihy\eyxlkylZdb_ ihgylby dZd ]bigZ[_evghklv kihkh[ghklv dhgdj_lgh]h q_eh\_dZ ih]jm`Zlvky \ ]bighlbq_kdbc khg b \gmrZ_fhklv kihkh[ghklv dhgdj_lgh]h q_eh\_dZ \uihegylv ijbdZau ]bighlba_jZ g_djblbqgh < jZfdZo iZ\eh\kdhc l_hjbb wlb ihgylby bf_xl kfuke gh \k_ eb y\e_gby ho\Zlu\Zxlky wlhc l_hjb_c" HdZau\Z_lky g_ \k_ Qlh[u wlh ^hdZaZlv y ijb\_^m njZ]f_gl ba fhgh]jZnbb : F K\y^hsZ [hevrh]h ki_pbZebklZ \ h[eZklb ]bighaZ G_\jhau b bo e_q_gb_ Wlh kZfhgZ[ex^_gb_ aZibkZggh_ h^ghc `_gsbghcFg_e_lY g_km_\_jgZ]gZoh^ykv\ dhfZg^bjh\d_\ Fhkd\_ y \hreZ \ iZjd k_eZ gZ m_^bg_ggmx kdZf_cdm b aZgyeZkv ql_gb_f k\h_c jmdhibkb Dh fg_ ih^hreZ pu]ZgdZ gZ __ ]hehk y ih^gyeZ ]heh\m ihh^Zev klhyeh _s_ g_kdhevdh pu]ZghdPu]ZgdZgZqZeZ]h\hjblvZ yihkemrgh\uihegylv__ mdZaZgbyY g_pu]ZgdZ Z k_j[bygdZih\lhjbeZhgZ^\ZjZaZy jh^beZkvk ju[vbfam[hfih\lhjbeZjZaZ >hklZgvfhg_lmaZ\_jgb__ \[mfZ`gu_^_gv]bIh\lhjycaZfghc>_gv]bfhb^_gv]b AZ`fb^_gv]b\ jmd_>Ze__ke_^m_lijh\ZeiZfylb>_g_]m f_gyhgZg_hlgbfZeZgh ihdZaZeZ fg_ k\hx jmdm \ dhlhjhc ^_g_] g_ hdZaZehkv \ fh_c jZamf__lky bo lh`_ g_ klZeh Lh]^Z y \klZeZ Z hgZ fg_ kdZaZeZ >_g_] g_ `Ze_c hgb \_jgmlky Y hlebqgh ihgbfZeZqlhwlh]hg_[m^_l^jm]Zypu]ZgdZklZeZijhkblvm f_gy^_g_]y kdZaZeZM f_gy lhevdh f_edb_ fhg_lu y g_ fh]m bo ^Zlv Z lh fg_ g_ ^h_oZlv ^h ^hfZ Lj_lvy ihijhkbeZm f_gydhgn_lmêyj_[_gdZb y^ZeZ_cm f_gy\ kmfd_[ue\b^_gdme_dk dhgn_lZfb Y gZijZ\beZkv d [he__ ex^ghfm f_klm b h^gZ ba pu]Zghd ihreZ aZ fghc HgZ fg_ kdZaZeZ Kgbfb dhevph qlh[u lu ohjhrh `beZ < hl\_l y kdZaZeZ qlhlh \jh^_Y g_\_jxKgbfbdhevph ih\lhjbeZhgZZ lhg_^h_^_rv^h^hfmlu\ky ihq_jg__rvY hl\_lbeZqlhg_[hxkvghkgyeZdhevphghg_ahehlh_h[jmqZevgh_Z k_j_[jyguc i_jkl_gv [u\rbc gZ e_\hc jmd_ G_l ^jm]h_ dhevph Z lh `bagv [m^_l [_eZy Y gZ^_eZ dhevph kgh\Z Kgbfb ^jm]h_ dhevph qlh[u y ohjhrh ]Z^ZeZ Y kdZaZeZ>_\mrdb\ug_iehohaZjZ[hlZebgh^_g_]fg_g_`ZevZ dhevphh[jmqZevgh_ h^gZdhkgyeZ_]hgh^_j`ZeZjmdm\ dZjfZg_b kdZaZeZGmy kgyeZkgyeZLmlfu \urebgZkheg_qgh_b ex^gh_f_klhb yijh]gZeZ__<b^bfhgZfh_febp_[uekljZo ihlhfm qlh hgZ ]h\hjbeZ Lu f_gy g_ [hcky <k_ \j_fy y [ueZ \ iheghf khagZgbb \b^_eZ hdjm`Zxsb_ ij_^f_lu ^_j_\vy ex^_c ]eZaZ i_j\hc pu]Zgdb __ eZ^hgv h[jZlbeZ \gbfZgb_ gZ lh qlh hgZ [ueZ g_[hevrZy b l_fgZy yglZjgu_ k_jv]b \ mrZo \lhjhcpu]Zgdb__[uy magZeZAZkZfhgZ[ex^_gb_fb^_loZjZdl_jbklbdZ dhlhjmx ^Ze wlhc `_gsbg_ :FK\y^hs ih oZjZdl_jm h[sbl_evgZy \eZklgZy mf__l [ulv k^_j`ZgghcIjbwdki_jbf_glZevghikboheh]bq_kdboijh[Zoih\ur_gghc\gmrZ_fhklb g_ h[gZjm`b\Z_l G_ ]bigZ[_evgZ Bgl_j_kgh ijZ\^Z" <ayeb ijyfh k mebpu ijhklmx g_]bigZ[_evgmx `_gsbgm b mobljbebkv kj_^b [_eZ ^gy aZ]bighlbabjh\Zlv __ g_ mkuieyyDZdbfkihkh[hf"B lmlfuh[jZsZ_fkyd jZagh\b^ghklb]bighaZdhlhjZyg_ y\ey_lky ihdZ gb rbjhdhba\_klghc gb deZkkbq_kdhc d wjbdkhgbZgkdhfm ]bigham D kqZklvx _]h g_ lZd m` ljm^gh bamqblv b ihemq_ggu_ ijb bamq_gbb gZ\udb e_]dh mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zlv êy wlh]h ^hklZlhqgh gZqZlv bfb ihevah\Zlvky >ey lh]h qlh[u l_hj_lbq_kdb h[hkgh\Zlv wjbdkhgbZgkdbc ]bigha gZf ^Z`_ g_ ijb^_lky moh^blv hl iZ\eh\kdhcl_hjbbY m`_]h\hjbeqlhhgZ^hklZlhqghm^h[gZhkh[_ggh_keb\u^_eblv \ g_c ]eZ\gh_ ihgylb_ h ]bigha_ dZd jZaghf khklhygbb \k_c dhju ]heh\gh]h fha]Z b h^gh]h__mqZkldZ=bigha fh`gh ij_^klZ\blv g_ lhevdhdZd khg dhjub [h^jkl\h\Zgb_ dZdh]hlh hqZ]Z gh b dZd [h^jkl\h\Zgb_ dhju b hkh[h \ha[m`^_ggh_ khklhygb_ k\_jo[h^jkl\h\Zgb\ wlh]h hqZ]Z GZ wlhf ij_^klZ\e_gbb hkgh\ZgZ l_hjby k\_jo[h^jkl\h\Zgby \ dhlhjmx ohjhrh \ibku\Z_lky wjbdkhgbZgkdbc ]bigha [_a ijb\uqguo]bighlbq_kdboZljb[mlh\ijbklZevgh]h \a]ey^Z iZkkh\ jmdZfb dhfZgû KiZlv b [_a ihgylby ]bigZ[_evghklb >Z\gbc kihj h kihkh[ghklb q_eh\_dZ ih^^Z\Zlvky]bighlbq_kdhfm\ha^_ckl\bxb gZmqblvky\ha^_ckl\h\ZlvgZ^jm]bo^mfZx g_ fh`_l[ulv jZaj_r_gohlv kdhevdhgb[m^v h^ghagZqgh L_ dlh jZ[hlZ_l \ ihgylbyo deZkkbq_kdh]h]bighaZex[ylnjZam<k_ibrmlghg_dZ`ûcibkZl_ev\k_jbkmxlgh g_ dZ`ûc om^h`gbd \k_ \gmrZxl gh g_ dZ`ûc ]bighlba_j Fh`_l [ulv hgb ijZ\u Y kh k\h_c klhjhgu aZgbfZykv ]bighahf hdheh e_l h[gZjm`be qlh dZd g_l ex^_c kh\k_f g_ ih^^Zxsboky ]bighlbq_kdbf fZgbimeypbyf lZd kdhj__ \k_]h g_l b ex^_ckh\k_fg_kihkh[guowlhfmgZmqblvky< k\h_\j_fy\jyêbdlhgb[m^vfh][u kdZaZlv qlh m Zf_jbdZgkdh]h xghrb kljZ^Zxs_]h ^Zevlhgbafhf ebr_ggh]h fmaudZevgh]h kemoZ i_j_g_kr_]h ihebhfb_ebl b ijbdh\Zggh]h d bg\Zeb^ghc dheykd_ _klv kihkh[ghklb d ]bigham Gh bf_ggh hg Fbelhg Wjbdkhg klZe h^gbf ba emqrbo ]bighlba_jh\ fbjZ b ^Ze k\h_ bfygh\hfm gZijZ\e_gbx \ bkdmkkl\_ \ebylv gZ ex^_c <hl gZ wlhf gZrZ l_hjby ih`Zemc aZdhgqbeZkv b l_i_jv ihc^_l lhevdh ijZdlbdZ ijhklZy b wnn_dlb\gZy Ih^kljhcdZ kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ K =hjbg Dh]^Z fu h[sZ_fky k d_fgb[m^v b ohlbf qlh[u q_eh\_d ijbgye gZrm lhqdm aj_gby beb ihqm\kl\h\Zeihih\h^mdZdh]hlhkh[ulbylh`_qlhb fum gZk_klv^\ZimlbI_j\uc imlv m[_`^_gb_ eh]bq_kdb_ Zj]mf_glu\lhjhc \gmr_gb_ < h[u^_gghc`bagb fu ihevam_fkyb l_fb ^jm]bf[_a\kydbok_fbgZjh\b \jh^_[uihgbfZ_fdZdbfkihkh[hf ^hklb]Z_fk\hbop_e_cohlywlhg_\k_]^Ze_]dhhij_^_eblv>Z\Zcl_\k_`_êyYkghklb hij_^_ebfky\ ihgylbyoBlZdm[_`^Zyfuijb\e_dZ_fdZdb_lheh]bq_kdb_Zj]mf_glu Y ijZ\ ihwlhfm ihwlhfm b ihwlhfm < lZdhf kemqZ_ qlh lZdh_ ^h\_jb_ k ihabpbc m[_`^_gby eh]bdb" Qlh agZqbl Y wlhfm q_eh\_dm ^h\_jyx khagZl_evgh Hl\_lu ba aZeZ Gm y _]h ohjhrh agZx beb m`_ \_e k gbf ^_eh K =hjbg Lh _klv \hi_j\uo khagZl_evgh_ ^h\_jb_ gbdh]^Z g_ \hagbdZ_l k i_j\hc \klj_qb >Z khagZl_evgh y fh]m ^h\_jylvdhfmlh_keby m`_\_ek gbf^_eZjZaZljbhgm`_\uihegyek\hbh[_sZgbyb \hl\ q_l\_jlucjZahgfg_qlhlhij_êZ]Z_lbebqlhlhijhkblb ym`_agZxqlh\_jblv _fmfh`ghljbjZaZhgf_gyg_h[fZgmeLZdbfh[jZahfkhagZl_evgh_^h\_jb_wlh ijhklhklZlbklbq_kdbcihôhîjh]ghagZ [m^ms__ gZ hkgh\Zgbb ijhreuo kh[ulbc : qlhlZdh_g_hkhagZggh_ih^khagZl_evgh_^h\_jb_hgfg_qlhlhij_êh`beb ykjZam _fm ih\_jbe g_ lZd eb" <hafh`gu dhg_qgh \ZjbZglu bkiheg_gby lZdhc b y ^mjZd e_lgbc _fm ih\_jbe Beb `_gkdbc \ZjbZgl Hg fg_ kdZaZe b y aZ gbf ihreZ H[ wlhf ]h\hjyl _s_ Hdjmlbe hdhe^h\Ze fh`gh ^jm]b_ keh\Z gZclb gh ]eZ\guf [m^_l lh qlh ih^khagZl_evgh_ ^h\_jb_ k eh]bdhc gbdZd g_ kh\f_sZ_lky wlh jZagu_dZl_]hjbbG_agZxdZd\ dhff_jpbbgh\ ]bigha_hkgh\ghcy\ey_lkybf_gghwlZ \lhjZy dZl_]hjby ih^khagZl_evgh_ ^h\_jb_ ?_ gZau\Zxl jZiihjlhf \ l_jfbgZo deZkkbq_kdh]h ]bighaZ jZiihjlhf gZau\Zxl k\yav ]bighlba_jZ b ]bighlbabjm_fh]h gh \u kdhjh ihcf_l_ qlh wlh lh `_ kZfh_ y\e_gb_ >ey lh]h qlh[u ih^_ckl\h\Zeh \gmr_gb_gZ^hkgZqZeZkha^ZlvjZiihjllh_klvkha^ZlvhqZ]k\_jo[h^jkl\h\Zgby\ dhj_ ]heh\gh]h fha]Z h q_f y \Zf ]h\hjbe jZgvr_ B êy lh]h qlh[u wlh k^_eZlv _klv g_kdhevdhijhkluoijb_fh\<ubok_cqZkhk\hbl_Ih^kljhcdZd iha_I_j\ucijb_f ih^kljhcdZd iha_Dh]^Z\ukha^Z_l_jZiihjl\Zfke_^m_lkgZqZeZijbgylvlm`_iham qlh m iZjlg_jZ hljZablv iham iZjlg_jZ IhdZ êy ijhklhlu fu [m^_f bkoh^blv ba lh]h qlh \ ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb fu [_k_^m_f k h^gbf q_eh\_dhf ebphf d ebpm ?klv ijb_fu êy \ha^_ckl\by gZ ]jmiim h gbo [m^_l kdZaZgh iha`_ gh gZqg_f k wlhc gZb[he__qZklhckblmZpbbh^bggZh^bgIhijZdlbdmcl_kv\ wlhfMijZ`g_gb_ 1R <uihegy_lky\ ]jmiiZoihljh_I_j\ucmqZklgbdgZah\_f_]hiZjlg_j:ijbgbfZ_l dZdmxlhihamklhybebkb^y<lhjhcmqZklgbdiZjlg_j;\klZ_lbebkZ^blkygZijhlb\ b iheghklvx hljZ`Z_l \hkijhba\h^bl kh[hc iham iZjlg_jZ : Lj_lbc mqZklgbd iZjlg_j<[m^_lj_`bkk_jhfihke_lh]hdZdiZjlg_j; j_rblqlhhgm`_\ lhqghklb \hkijhba\_eihamiZjlg_jZ:j_`bkk_jih^hc^_lb k\hbfbjmdZfbbkijZ\blhrb[db DZ`ûc ba \Zk ^he`_g ih[ulv \ wlbo jheyo ih hq_j_^b jZaZ GZqbgZcl_ H[km`^_gb_K=hjbgQlh\ mijZ`g_gbbhdZaZehkvêy\Zkijhkluf"Qlhkeh`guf" He_] Y g_ kh\k_f ihgye fg_ gZ^h hljZablv iham iZjlg_jZ lZd dZd \u]ey^_eh [u _]h hljZ`_gb_\ a_jdZe_"K=hjbgG_h[yaZl_evgh\Zkkfmlbehkeh\hdhlhjh_y mihlj_[be Lh q_f \u aZgbfZ_l_kv gZau\Z_lky ih^kljhcdhc hljZ`_gb_f ijbkh_^bg_gb_f gZkljhcdhc hla_jdZeb\Zgb_f \u[bjZcl_ ex[hc ba wlbo l_jfbgh\ =eZ\gh_ \ lhf qlh \Zf gm`gh k^_eZlv dZdmxlh qZklv \Zr_]h ih\_^_gby ihoh`_c gZ ZgZeh]bqgmx qZklv ih\_^_gby \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZ kh[_k_^gbdZ : qlh dZkZ_lky hljZ`_gby ihau hgh fh`_l [ulvijyfuf\ lhqghklbdZd\ a_jdZe_b i_j_dj_klguf_kebm \Zr_]hiZjlg_jZe_\Zy gh]ZaZdbgmlZaZijZ\mxlh\ufh`_l_k^_eZlvlZd`_DZdb__s_ijh[e_fu"Hl\_luba aZeZ Gm ljm^gh iheghklvx kdhibjh\Zlv iham m f_gy ie_qb hq_gv gZijy]Zebkv IhaZ ihemqZ_lky g__kl_kl\_gghc êy f_gy K =hjbg < kf_rZgguo iZjZo fm`qbgZ `_gsbgZ[uebdZdb_lhhkh[u_keh`ghklb"Hl\_lubaaZeZ< h^ghiheuoiZjZoijhs_ Ljm^gh ijbkh_^bgblvky d fm`qbg_ Ljm^gh ijb kh_^bgblvky d `_gsbg_ M gZk keh`ghkl_cg_[uehK=hjbgGmagZqbly ijh_pbjmxgZ\Zkk\hbkeh`ghklbihlhfm qlh\ i_jbh^h[mq_gbyf_gykljZrgh\hafmsZehdh]^Zfg_dZaZehkvqlhy kh\_jr_ggh lhqgh \hkijhba\_e iham ^jm]h]h q_eh\_dZ Z ihlhf ihôh^be j_`bkk_j b qlhlh bkijZ\eye kf_o \ aZe_ : lZd \u kh]eZkgu" Hrb[db [u\Zxl b \ijZ\^m ]jm[u_ gZijbf_jgZdehg]heh\uiZjlg_jZ\ufh`_l_hljZablvk hrb[dhc]jZ^mkh\\ ljb^pZlv beb _s_ qlhlh <hijhk ba aZeZ : aZq_f wlh gm`gh" DZd wlh fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv" K =hjbg <u lhjhibl_kv gh ih`Zemc gZ \Zr \hijhk m`_ fh`gh hl\_lblv GZqbgZ_l ih^kljZb\Zlvkyd iha_kijhkb\r_]hWlhgm`ghêylh]hqlh[ukha^ZlvjZiihjlhkgh\m êy ^Zevg_cr_]h \ha^_ckl\by gZ iZjlg_jZ M Zf_jbdZgp_\ _klv ihkeh\bpZ ZgZeh]Z dhlhjhc \ jmkkdhf yaud_ y g_ gZr_eHljZ`_gb_ \ukrZy gZ]jZ^Z Kfuke __ \ lhf qlh \u gbq_f g_ fh`_l_ ihjZ^h\Zlv q_eh\_dZ beb ihevklblv _fm [hevr_ q_f ih^jZ`Zgb_f _fm _]h ih\_^_gbx fZg_jZf G_ [m^vl_ lhevdh djb\uf a_jdZehf g_ ^_eZcl_ rZj`_c dZjbdZlmj hljZ`Zcl_ iheh`bl_evgu_ beb g_cljZevgu_ dZq_kl\Z iZjlg_jZ ^jm]bfb keh\Zfb ^Zcl_ iZjlg_jm lh qlh hg ohl_e [u m\b^_lv \ a_jdZe_ \kihfgbl_ dZd \u ih^ oh^bl_ d a_jdZem ie_qb jZkijZ\e_gu `b\hl m[jZg hkZgdZ ]hj^ZyB g_^_eZcl_lh]hqlh\ZriZjlg_jfh`_lhkhagZlvdZddhibjh\Zgb_k_[yHgg_ ^he`_g aZf_qZlv \Zrm ih^kljhcdm Wlh \ kmsghklb m`_ b _klv ]bigha dh]^Z \u mklZgZ\eb\Z_l_ ih^khagZl_evgh_ ^h\_jb_ jZiihjl J_adh f_gy_l k\hx iham hldbû\ZykvgZkibgdmklmeZAZ^Z\rbc\hijhk^_eZ_llh`_ kZfh_ Kf_o \ aZe_ Km^y ih j_Zdpbb aZeZ y \Zf hl\_lbe AZq_f gm`gh bamqZlv ih^kljhcdm : aZq_f \u ihevah\Zebkv ijhibkyfb ijb h[mq_gbb ibkvfm" Ohjhrh h[jZsZ_lky d h^ghc ba mqZklgbpk_fbgZjZJblZg_fh]eZ[ulujZkkdZaZlvfg_dZdhcgb[m^vkemqZcbak\h_c `bagbQlhgb[m^vlZdh_aZgbfZl_evgh_"JblZgZqbgZ_ljZkkdZau\Zlvq_j_ag_dhlhjh_ \j_fy \g_aZigh aZfhedZ_l aZl_f f_ê_ggh aZibgZykv aZdZgqb\Z_l jZkkdZa Qlh kemqbehkv"LulZd[h^jhgZqbgZeZJblZ<uf_gyg_kemrZebK=hjbg: dZdluwlh hij_^_ebeZ" Y qlh aZdju\Ze mrb jmdZfb" JblZ G_l gh y \b^_eZ qlh \Zf klZeh g_bgl_j_kgh K =hjbg Zy kf_gbe k\hx iham gh wlbf ^_eh g_ dhgqbehkv JblZ lh`_ kf_gbeZ iham m`_ ih^kljZb\Zykv dh fg_ Ihlhf y j_adh hl\_jgmeky b JblZ aZfheqZeZ Z ihlhf klZeZ aZdZgqb\Zlv k\hx bklhjbx dZd ihiZeh k hsms_gb_f qlh y __ g_ kemrZx fg_ g_bgl_j_kgh ?s_ h^ghc beexkljZpb_c ijhbkr_^r_]h [m^_l ke_^mxs__ mijZ`g_gb_ MijZ`g_gb_1<uihegylv[m^_l_\ iZjZoKgZqZeZ\ dZ`^hciZj_hij_^_ebl_^\_l_fu êy jZa]h\hjZ \ h^ghc ba gbo \u ^he`gu [ulv bagZqZevgh kh]eZkgu ^jm] k ^jm]hf \ ^jm]hc g_kh]eZkgu Gm _klv `_ qlhlh k q_f \u m`_ k_cqZk fh`_l_ g_ kh]eZkblvky k \Zrbf iZjlg_jhf" Qlh KiZjlZd q_fibhg beb qlh ^_yl_ev G iheguc ^mjZd G_\Z`gh qlh [_jbl_ ex[u_ l_fu Hij_^_ebeb" L_i_jv gZqbgZcl_ h[km`^Zlv \ iZjZo l_fm ]^_ \u ^jm] k ^jm]hf g_kh]eZkgu \k_ \j_fy khojZgyy ih^kljhcdm d iha_ kh[_k_^gbdZ H[km`^_gb_ Y ohl_e [u h[jZlblv \Zr_ \gbfZgb_ g_ g_dhlhju_ ex[hiulgu_\_sbdhlhju_a^_kvijhbkoh^bebIjyfhi_j_^hfghckb^_eZiZjZHe_] B]hjvb dZdlhevdhjZa]h\hjm gboihr_egZh[hklj_gb_hgbaZ[uebfhxbgkljmdpbx He_] gZqZe jZafZob\Zlv jmdhc B]hjv klmqZe iZevpZfb ih klhem b hgb hq_gv [ukljh ijbgyeb jZagu_ ihau ih^kljhcdZ jZajmrbeZkv : fh`gh fg_ l_i_jv ^h]Z^Zlvky qlh ijhbahreh \ l_o iZjZo ]^_ iZjlg_ju khojZgbeb ih^kljhcdm" <u \k_ ijbreb d dhfijhfbkkm L_i_jv \lhjZy iheh\bgZ mijZ`g_gby H[km`^Zcl_ l_fm ]^_ \u [ueb kh]eZkguk iZjlg_jhflhevdhih^kljhcdb[ulvg_^he`ghke_^bl_aZwlbfH[km`^_gb_ ?klvlZdZy^_lkdZyb]jZAZfjbLZd\hlaZfjbl_b ihkfhljbl_gZ\k_iZjuLhevdh h^gZ iZjZ \k_ mki_rgh k^_eZeZ ih^kljhcdb m gbo k_cqZk g_l b hgb m`_ mki_eb gZclb jZagh]eZkby\ k\hbo\a]ey^Zo>jm]b_dZd\b^bl_kb^ylb^_Zevghih^kljhb\rbkv^jm]d ^jm]mY \Zf^ZemijZ`g_gb_dhlhjh_g_\hafh`gh\uihegblvijZdlbq_kdbg_\hafh`gh jZa]h\Zjb\ZlvgZl_fm]^_\ukh]eZkguk kh[_k_^gbdhfb g_ih^kljZb\Zlvkyd _]hiha_ Ih^kljhcdZ d iha_ wlh i_j\uc gZ\ud Zdlb\gh]h nhjkbjh\Zggh]h kha^Zgby ih^khagZl_evgh]h^h\_jbyGha^_kv_klvb h[jZlgZyk\yav_kebex^bm`_^h\_jyxl^jm] ^jm]m lh hgb h[uqgh jZa]h\Zjb\Zxl beb fheqZl \ khklhygbb ih^kljhcdb d iha_ Wlh ohjhrh [u aZihfgblv Bgh]^Z kdZ`_f [u\Z_l gm`gh hp_gblv \ dZdbo hlghr_gbyo gZoh^ylkyex^bdhlhjuo\ujZgvr_g_\b^_ebgmgZqZevgbdb _]h aZf_klbl_ev beb _s_ dZdZylh agZqbfZy êy \Zk iZjZ LZd \hl h[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ gZ lh dZd hgb jZa]h\Zjb\Zxl ^jm] k ^jm]hf _keb \h \j_fy jZa]h\hjZ hgb ih^kljZb\Zxlky d iha_ kh[_k_^gbdZ lh \k_ ghjfZevgh ih h[km`^Z_fhfm \hijhkm fg_gby m gbo kh\iZ^Zxl fh`_l[ulvm gbo_klvg_kh]eZkb_ih^jm]bf\hijhkZfghihlhfmdhlhjufhgbk_cqZk aZgylu fh`_l [ulv \u _]h b ij_êh`beb hgb ^jm] k ^jm]hf kh]eZkgu ?keb `_ \ iZj_ih^kljhcdbd iha_g_llhkh]eZkb_\ujZ`_ggh_gZkeh\Zog_^he`gh\Zkh[fZgmlv \gmlj_gg_]hkh]eZkbylZfg_lBlZd\uihemqbebohjhrbcgZ\udb fh`_l_gZqZlv_]h ijbf_gylv L_i_jv aZcf_fky [he__ keh`gufb \_sZfb Ih^kljhcdZ d ûoZgbx <u gZ\_jgh_ m`_ ^h]Z^Zebkv qlh l_i_jv j_qv ihc^_l h dhibjh\Zgbb ûoZgby \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZA^_kv\hafh`gu\ZjbZgluih^kljhcdZd ûoZgbx[u\Z_lijyfZyb g_ijyfZy IjyfZyih^kljhcdZ\uijhklhgZqbgZ_l_ûrZlvlZd`_dZdûrbl\ZriZjlg_j\ lhf `_ l_fi_ G_ijyfZy ih^kljhcdZ \u kh]eZkm_l_ k jblfhf ûoZgby iZjlg_jZ dZdmxlh ^jm]mx qZklv k\h_]h ih\_^_gby gZijbf_j \u fh`_l_ dZqZlv jmdhc \ lZdl ûoZgbx iZjlg_jZ beb ]h\hjblv \ lZdl _]h ûoZgbx lh _klv gZ _]h \u^ho_ IjyfZy ih^kljhcdZ [he__wnn_dlb\gZijbkha^ZgbbjZiihjlZihwlhfmk g__fub gZqg_fMijZ`g_gb_1R JZa[_cl_kvhiylvgZljhcdb`_eZl_evgh\ ^jm]hfkhklZ\_q_f\ i_j\hfmijZ`g_gbb< `bagb \Zf ijb^_lky bf_lv ^_eh k jZagufb ex^vfb emqr_ [u ijb\udZlv d wlhfm m`_ k_cqZk AZ^Zgb_ m \Zk [m^_l ijhklh_ iZjlg_j : kb^bl b ûrbl iZjlg_j ; gZijyfmx dhibjm_l_]hûoZgb_lh_klvûrblk lhc`_qZklhlhcb ]em[bghc<hijhkbaaZeZ: _keby g_\b`mûoZgbyiZjlg_jrb"K=hjbgIheh`bjmdm_cgZ]jm^vkf_o\ aZe_Y g_ aZdhgqbe hibkZgb_ mijZ`g_gby IZjlg_j < j_`bkk_j deZ^_l k\hx jmdm gZ kibgm iZjlg_jZ : qlh[u g_ lhevdh \b^_lv gh b qm\kl\h\Zlv _]h ûoZgb_ b ih^gbfZ_l b himkdZ_l k\hx \lhjmx jmdm \ lZdl ûoZgbx iZjlg_jZ : qlh[u ihfhqv iZjlg_jm ; dhlhjucih^kljZb\Z_lkyOhqmh[jZlblv\Zr_\gbfZgb_gZlhqlhm fm`qbgb `_gsbg jZagu_ lbiu ûoZgby DZd ijZ\beh m fm`qbg [jxrghc lbi ûoZgby hgb ûrZl `b\hlhf Z m `_gsbg ]jm^ghc >ey lh]h qlh[u gZ^_`g__ m\b^_lv jblf ûoZgby iZjlg_jZ\ZfgZ^hkfhlj_lvgZ_]h`b\hl_kebwlhfm`qbgZb gZ]jm^v_keb\u\ iZj_k `_gsbghc Y jZ^ lhfm qlh \k_ fm`qbgu \ ]jmii_ ^Z\gh kfhljyl lm^Z dm^Z gZ^h H[km`^_gb_ K =hjbg DZdh\u \Zrb \i_qZle_gby hl mijZ`g_gby" GZlZrZ Fg_ ihgjZ\behkv dh]^Z dh fg_ ih^kljZb\Zxlky B]hjv Y aZf_lbe qlh dh]^Z dh fg_ ih^kljZb\Zxlky fh_ ûoZgb_ f_gy_l jblf \jh^_ [u y ih^kljZb\Zxkv d iZjlg_jm K =hjbg>Zlml[uehq_gvbgl_j_kgucfhf_glluûrZel\hcj_`bkk_jklhyek[hdmlu \b^_e^\b`_gb__]hjmdbb \dZdhclhfhf_glhgk[bekyk l\h_]hjblfZûoZgbyb klZe ^\b]Zlvjmdhc\ kh\_jr_gghg_ihgylghfjblf_b l\h_ûoZgb_klZehlh]^Zg_h[uqguf ihdZau\Z_lh^bg]em[hdbc\^hob \u^hoihlhfih^\ZdhjhldboLu^_ckl\bl_evgh gZqZe dhibjh\Zlv lhl jblf dhlhjuc l_[_ ihdZau\Zeb Fu aZ[_]Z_f \i_j_^ gh lh qlh ijhbahreh dZd jZa b ihemqZ_lky gZ i_j\uo rZ]Zo ]bighaZ Wlh gZau\Z_lky \_^_gb_ wlh gZqZeh mijZ\e_gby iZjlg_jhf ?keb \u ohjhrh ijbkh_^bgbebkv \u fh`_l_ eb^bjh\Zlv \_klb iZjlg_jZ aZ kh[hc B mki_o ijbkh_^bg_gby \u fh`_l_ hp_gblv \ qZklghklbihlhfmihemqZ_lkyebm \Zk\_klbiZjlg_jZM l\h_]hj_`bkk_jZB]hjvwlh ihemqbehkv DZd ih^kljhcdZ d iha_ i_j_oh^bl \ \_^_gb_ y \Zf g_^Z\gh ihdZaZe Ijb ih^kljhcd_ d ûoZgbx \u \_^_l_ gZqbgZy f_ê_ggh f_gylv qZklhlm k\h_]h ûoZgbyihke_ ijbkh_^bg_gby ?keb m iZjlg_jZ gZ[ex^Z_lky lZdh_ `_ baf_g_gb_ ûoZgby lh jZiihjl mklZgh\e_g ohjhrh ?keb y ijZ\bevgh ihgye \Zk bgl_j_km_l ihe_agh_ijbf_g_gb_ex[h]hihemq_ggh]h\ZfbgZ\udZijyfhk_cqZkEZ^gh^Z\Zcl_ hl\e_q_fky DZd meh`blv kiZlv fZe_gvdh]h j_[_gdZ" DZd k^_eZlv qlh[u hg aZohl_e kiZlv" IjZ\bevgh gZ^h kgZqZeZ ih^kljhblvky d _]h ûoZgbx Z ihlhf aZf_êblv k\h_ ûoZgb_k^_eZ\_]hkhggufDh]^Zm f_gyjh^bekykuglhmeh`blv_]hkiZlv[uehêy f_gyijh[e_fhcy ijhklhg_agZeqlhk gbf^_eZlv: dh]^Zjh^beZkv^hqvy m`_bf_e gZ\udbwjbdkhgbZgkdh]h]bighaZb \k_klZehhq_gvijhklhy mkljZb\Zekyjy^hfk g_c ih^kljZb\Zeky d __ ûoZgbx ihlhf aZf_êye k\h_ b q_j_a fbgml hgZ aZkuiZeZ ^Z`_`_gZm^b\eyeZkvlZdhckdhjhklbWlhdhg_qgh^_ckl\m_lg_lhevdhgZ^_l_cIjb gZ\_^_gbb ljZgkZ m \ajhkeuo \Zf lh`_ ijb^_lky aZf_êylv k\h_ ûoZgb_ ^Z\Zy iZjlg_jm k\h_h[jZaguc ijbf_j lh]h dZdbf ^he`gh [ulv _]h ûoZgb_ B [u\Zxl kblmZpbb dh]^Z êy ^hklb`_gby p_eb \Zf gm`gh ihke_ ih^kljhcdb mkdhjylv k\h_ ûoZgb_<hijhkbaaZeZDZdb_wlhkblmZpbb"K=hjbgYih`Zemcg_[m^mh[tykgylv fu k_cqZk wlh k^_eZ_f LZd <blZebc m gZk hiha^Ze gZ g_f b ihdZ`_f L\hy aZ^ZqZ <blZebc\uclbkx^Zb ihklhylvhdhehf_gyZ jy^hfk lh[hc[m^_lklhylvGZlZrZm g__ [m^_lk\h_aZ^Zgb_r_ihlhf^Z_laZ^Zgb_GZlZr_Ijhkv[Zd hklZevgufmqZklgbdZf gZ[ex^ZlvIjbf_jgh^\_fbgmlu<blZebcb GZlZrZklhyljy^hfAZl_f<blZebcke_]dZ h[gbfZ_l GZlZrm DZd ih\Zr_fm dZdmx bgkljmdpbx ihemqbeZ GZlZrZ" Dhg_qgh ih^kljhblvkyd ûoZgbx<blZebyb aZl_fmkdhjblvk\h_HgZklZeZ\_klbghmkdhj_gb_ k\h_]h ûoZgby <blZebc ijbibkZe ihy\e_gbx ki_pbnbq_kdh]h bgl_j_kZ d iZjlg_jr_ kf_o\ aZe_GZlZrZY m`_aZf_qZeZqlh\ dhfgZl_]^_dlhlhkiblljm^ghhklZ\Zlvky [h^jkl\mxs_ckZfhcohq_lkykiZlvB]hjvY aZf_qZedh]^Zy ijboh`m^hfhck ghqgh]h ^_`mjkl\Z b eh`mkv kiZlv lh fhc kug _keb hg b]jZ_l \ wlhc `_ dhfgZl_ lh`_ kdhjh mdeZû\Z_lkykiZlvZ _kebb]jZ_l \ ^jm]hc wlhg_ ijhbkoh^bl K =hjbg WlhkemqZb kZfhijhba\hevghc ih^kljhcdb >_lb \hh[s_lh \k_]^Z gZkljh_gu gZ jh^bl_e_c wlh ih^l\_j`^_ghaZibkvxwe_dljbq_kdhcZdlb\ghklb]heh\gh]hfha]ZIjbf_jgh^h^\mok iheh\bghc e_l j_[_ghd j_Z]bjm_l m\_ebq_gb_f wlhc Zdlb\ghklb lhevdh gZ ihy\e_gb_ fZl_jbZ \[he__klZjr_f\hajZkl_gZhlpZihlhfgZ^jm]boex^_cG_agZxkemqZcgh eblhqlhijbf_jghk wlh]h\hajZklZj_[_gdZgZqbgZ_lkyihjZhlph\kdhcex[\bd kh\k_f fZe_gvdbf ^_lyf hlpu hlghkylky fff ihjZaghfm ?s_ h^gZ lhgdhklv dZkZxsZyky ih^kljhcdbd ûoZgbx>himklbfqlh\ZriZjlg_jj_[_ghdk hq_gvqZklufûoZgb_f bebkihjlkf_gk hq_gvj_^dbf<ulZdûrZlvg_fh`_l_b m\Zk_klvihf_gvr_cf_j_ ^\_ \hafh`ghklb êy ih^kljhcdb <hi_j\uo \u fh`_l_ ijbf_gblv g_ijyfmx ih^kljhcdmlh_klv]h\hjblvk lhc`_qZklhlhck dZdhcûrbliZjlg_j]h\hjblvgZ_]h \u^ho_ Wlh hq_gv \Z`guc fhf_gl q_eh\_d \k_]^Z ]h\hjbl gZ \u^ho_ b _keb \u ]h\hjbl_ gZ _]h \u^ho_ _fm wlh e_]dh \hkijbgbfZlv dZd beexabx k\h_c \gmlj_gg_c j_qb wlh e_]q_ ijbgylv b ihgylv <h\lhjuo ijb hq_gv [hevrhc jZagbp_ \ jblf_ b ]em[bg_ ûoZgby m \Zk b m iZjlg_jZ \u fh`_l_ hlke_`b\Zlv _]h ûoZgb_ q_j_a jZa gZijbf_j ijb qZklhf ûoZgbb \u dhibjm_l_ \^ho ijhimkdZ_l_ \u^ho b \lhjhc \^ho dhibjm_l_\lhjhc\u^hoFh`_l[ulvwlhe_]q_ihgylvq_j_af_lZnhjmdh]^Z\ub^_l_ ih qZklh jZkiheh`_gguf riZeZf \u g_ gZklmiZ_l_ gZ dZ`^mx \u gZklmiZ_l_ q_j_a h^gm gh jblf \ bo jZkiheh`_gbb \u \k_ jZ\gh mqblu\Z_l_ b ih^kljZb\Z_l_kv d g_fm A^_kvêy\ZkwlhlgZ\udba[ulhq_g\u\k_ijbf_jghh^gh]h\hajZklZb l_ehkeh`_gby ihwlhfm ijhklh aZihfgbl_ _]h êy ijbf_g_gby lZf ]^_ wlh ihgZ^h[blky Ohjhrh ih^\_^_fij_^\Zjbl_evgu_blh]b>eykha^ZgbyjZiihjlZih^khagZl_evgh]h^h\_jby\u hljZ`Z_l_ kh[hc ih\_^_gb_ \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZ kh[_k_^gbdZ Wlh gZau\Z_lky _s_ ih^kljhcdhc beb ijbkh_^bg_gb_f ^jm]b_ gZa\Zgby \Zf lh`_ ba\_klgu Dh]^Z \u ijbkh_^bgbebkv d dZdhclh qZklb gZ[ex^Z_fh]h ih\_^_gby iZjlg_jZ \u f_gy_l_ wlm qZklv ih\_^_gby m k_[y ijb ijyfhc ih^kljhcd_ b iZjlg_j ke_^m_l aZ \Zfb k wlh]h fhf_glZ \u bf mijZ\ey_l_ \_^_l_ _]h < b^_Ze_ ih^kljhcdZ ^he`gZ klZlv \Zrbf j_ne_dkhfgZgh\h]hq_eh\_dZijhklhlZdgZ\kydbckemqZcIjb\udZcl_h[sZlvkyg_ lhevdhb g_klhevdhk khagZgb_fiZjlg_jZkdhevdhk _]hih^khagZgb_fY ohl_e[um`_ gZ wlhf wlZi_ h]h\hjblv g_kdhevdh mkeh\bc kh[ex^_gb_ dhlhjuo k^_eZ_l \Zk [he__ wnn_dlb\gufb \ \ha^_ckl\bb gZ ex^_c I_j\h_ mkeh\b_ \ZrZ p_ev ^he`gZ \kydbc jZa [ulvdhgdj_lghcbgZq_\ug_kfh`_l_^h[blvkydhgdj_lgh]hj_amevlZlZ<lhjh_hl\Zk ihlj_[m_lky g_qlh ihoh`__ gZ kdjhfghklv \u ^he`gu agZlv q_]h \u ohlbl_ gh \Zr iZjlg_j agZlv wlh \h\k_ g_ h[yaZg <klmiZy \ h[s_gb_ \ha^_ckl\b_ \u klZjZ_l_kv ^h[blvky j_amevlZlZ dhlhjuc gm`_g \Zf beb \Zr_fm iZjlg_jm gh \k_]^Z eb gm`gh k\yau\Zlv khagZl_evgh ^hklb`_gb_ j_amevlZlZ k \Zrbf \ebygb_f" JZamf__lky _keb dh fg_gZk_Zgk]bighaZiZpb_glijboh^blêylh]hqlh[udZdlhbaf_gblvkylhhgieZlbl bf_gghaZlhqlh[uy \ua\Zewlbbaf_g_gby_kebhgg_hkhagZ_lqlhi_j_f_guk\yaZgu kh fghc hg g_ [m^_l ieZlblv < ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb gZijhlb\ ]hjZa^h emqr_ qlh[u ijbgylh_ j_r_gb_ beb \hagbdrmx \ k_[_ i_j_f_gm iZjlg_j kqblZe q_flh k\hbf Z g_ ijb\g_k_gguf ba\g_ ?keb \u ls_keZ\gu b ohlbl_ qlh[u baf_g_gby k\h_]h ih\_^_gby ex^bh[yaZl_evghk\yau\Zebk \Zrbf\ha^_ckl\b_faZcfbl_kvjwd_lhfZ g_]bighahf Ih^kljhcdZ d iha_ b ûoZgbx ]eZ\gu_ b kjZ\gbl_evgh ijhklu_ kihkh[u kha^Zgby jZiihjlZ ?klv g_dhlhju_ ^jm]b_ [he__ keh`gu_ \bû ih^kljhcdb dhlhju_ bf__l kfukeagZlvb ijbf_gylvIh^kljhcdZd ^\b`_gbyfKlZ\êy\ZkiZjlg_jhfijb[_k_^_ q_eh\_dh[uqghg_kb^bldZdbklmdZg hgiha\hey_l k_[_`_klbdmeypbx f_gy_l iham db\Z_l beb dZqZ_l ]heh\hc fb]Z_l b \k_ wlh fh`_l [ulv ij_^f_lhf êy ih^kljhcdb Ih^kljhcdZd ^\b`_gbyf[he__keh`gZq_fij_û^msb_\bûih^kljhcdbihlhfmqlhb ihaZ b ûoZgb_ wlh g_qlh hlghkbl_evgh g_baf_ggh_ b ihklhyggh_ wlh fh`gh jZkkfhlj_lvb ijbklmiblvd dhibjh\Zgbxihkl_i_ggh>\b`_gb_hlghkbl_evgh[ukljuc ijhp_kk\ wlhck\yabhl\Zkihlj_[m_lky\hi_j\uogZ[ex^Zl_evghklvb \h\lhjuo\Zf gm`ghaZjZg__ih^mfZlvh lhfqlh[uiZjlg_jg_kfh]hkhagZlv\Zrb^_ckl\by>Z\Zcl_ k_cqZk ih^mfZ_f h lhf dZdb_ ^\b`_gby e_]q_ hljZablv lZd qlh[u iZjlg_j wlh]h g_ ihgye >Z ex[u_ ^\b`_gby ijbq_f fu fh`_f jZa^_eblv bo gZ [hevrb_ fZdjh^\b`_ggy ihoh^dZ `_klu ^\b`_gby ]heh\u gh] b fZeu_ fbdjh^\b`_gby fbfbdZ fb]Zgb_ f_edb_ `_klu ih^jZ]b\Zgb_ Hl\_lu ba aZeZ Djmigu_ ^\b`_gby e_]q_ aZf_lblv q_f f_edb_ Fb]Zgb_ gZ\_jgh_ gbdlh g_ aZf_lbl K =hjbg >Z \ hkgh\ghf \u ijZ\u gh y [u kdZaZe qlh ihoh^dZ hlghkblky d djmiguf ^\b`_gbyf gh ih^kljhcdm d ihoh^d_ iZjlg_j \jy^ eb aZf_lbl : fbfbdZ f_edh_ ^\b`_gb_ gh iZjlg_jm aZf_lblv ih^kljhcdm d _]h fbfbd_ e_]dh IjZ\u \u \ lhf qlh e_]q_ \k_]h hkhagZlvih^kljhcdmd `_klbdmeypbbjmdZfbiZglhfbfbd_ihwlhfmgZqg_fk lhgdhkl_c wlh]h ijhp_kkZ Emqr_ \k_]h ih^kljZb\Zlvky d `_klZf jmd iZjlg_jZ k ihfhsvx ^\b`_gbc k\hbo iZevp_\ hlke_`b\Zcl_ iZevpZfb ijbf_jgh_ gZijZ\e_gb_ ^\b`_gbc jmdiZjlg_jZ^_eZcl_dZdmxlhjZagbpm\ Zfieblm^_>eywlh]h\Zf^Z`_g_ihgZ^h[blky nZglZklbq_kdZy kdhjhklv j_Zdpbb B _s_ h^gZ \hafh`ghklv g_ dhibjmcl_ ^\b`_gby jmd iZjlg_jZ a_jdZevgh gZf_qZcl_ bo g_ aZdZgqb\Zy Gm \hl XjZ k_cqZk ihq_kZe ijZ\hc jmdhc eh[ >ey ih^kljhcdb fg_ \Z`gh hljZablv gZijZ\e_gb_ b fg_ g_ h[yaZl_evghaZ\_jrZlvk\h_^\b`_gb_gZe[m^hklZlhqghih]eZ^blvih^[hjh^hdljh]Z_l k\hcih^[hjh^hdXjZlh`_gZqbgZ_l]eZ^blvih^[hjh^hd>Zhlkh_^bgblvky[u\Z_lg_ lZdlh ijhklh kf_o \ aZe_ Ba f_edbo ^\b`_gbc ohjhrh \u[jZlv êy ih^kljhcdb fb]Zgb_wlh]hgbdlhg_hkhagZ_lFb]Zcl_k lhc`_qZklhlhcqlhb \ZriZjlg_jZ ihlhf \u fh`_l_ ij_djZlblv fb]Zlv qlh[u m iZjlg_jZ ij_djZlbehkv fb]Zgb_ beb fh`_l_ aZdjulv ]eZaZ qlh[u iZjlg_j k^_eZe lh `_ kZfh_ B lh b ^jm]h_ kihkh[kl\m_l gZklmie_gbx]bighlbq_kdh]hljZgkZ<u\k_wlh[m^_l_mk\Zb\Zlv\ mijZ`g_gbyoghgZ [m^ms__ y \Zf ohqm ih^kdZaZlv qlh lj_gbjh\Zlv ih^kljhcdm \u fh`_l_ gZ e_dpbyo kh\_sZgbyo \ ex[hc dhfiZgbb ]^_ \Zf klZeh kdmqgh < k\h_ \j_fy y fgh]h \uklmiZe dZd gZjdheh] gZ jZaebqguo `_gkh\_lZo h[s_kl\Zo [hjv[u aZ lj_a\hklv Wlh [ueh b jZa\e_q_gb_f b lj_gbjh\dhc dh]^Z y klZ\be i_j_^ kh[hc lZdh_ gZijbf_j aZ^Zgb_ Imklv \k_ kb^yl b db\Zxl ]heh\Zfb Wlh]h ^h[b\Z_rvky b ijyfhc ih^kljhcdhc h^h[jyy k\hbf db\Zgb_f qv_lh m`_ bf_xs__ky b g_ijyfhc ih^kljhcdhc hj]Zgbamy jblf k\h_c j_qb lZd qlh[u klbfmebjh\Zlv qv_lh gZf_j_gb_ db\gmlv DZdlh jZa y lj_gbjh\ZekyqblZye_dpbxh \j_^_Zedh]heyLj_gbjh\dZm^ZeZkvdZdgbdh]^Zb ihke_ e_dpbby mkeurZee_klguchlau\hlh^ghckemrZl_evgbpuY agZx\k_qlhhg]h\hjbl y m`_keurZeZwlhlukyqmjZaghihq_fmlh\hkijbgbfZxwlhdZdhldjh\_gb_J_iebdZ ba aZeZ < [hjv[_ k ivygkl\hf \u l_f g_ f_g__ g_fgh]h]h ^h[bebkv & =hjbg Y \ ijbgpbi_ gbq_]h g_ fh] lZf ^h[blvky ?keb ijZ\bl_evkl\h j_rbeh qlh gZjh^ ^he`_g ivygkl\h\Zlv lh m ijZ\bl_evkl\Z [hevr_ \hafh`ghkl_c fZgbimebjh\Zlv khagZgb_f gZjh^Z q_f m f_gy Ijhlb\ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z g_ ihij_rv Gh \_jg_fky d ih^kljhcd_ d ^\b`_gbyf Nbevf fh_]h ^_lkl\Z Dhe^mgvy k fheh^hc FZjbghc <eZ^b [ue kgyl ih fhlb\Zf jZkkdZaZ B\ZgZ DmijbgZ He_ky < wlhf jZkkdZa_ _klv bgl_j_kguc njZ]f_gl Qlh[u\ZflZdh_ihdZaZlv"aZ^mfZeZkvhgZGmohlvjZa\_\hlwlhb^bl_\i_j_^b f_gyih^hjh]_Lhevdhkfhljbl_g_h[hjZqb\Zcl_kvgZaZ^: wlhg_[m^_lkljZrgh" kijhkbe y klZjZykv [_ki_qghc meu[dhc ijbdjulv [hyaeb\h_ h`b^Zgb_ g_ijbylgh]h kxjijbaZ G_l g_l Imklydb B^bl_ Y ihr_e \i_j_^ hq_gv aZbgl_j_kh\Zgguc hiulhf qm\kl\my aZ k\h_c kibghc gZijy`_gguc \a]ey^ He_kb Gh ijhc^y hdheh ^\Z^pZlb rZ]h\ y \^jm] kihldgmeky gZ kh\k_f jh\ghf f_kl_ b miZe gbqdhf B^bl_ b^bl_ aZdjbqZeZ He_ky G_ h[hjZqb\Zcl_kv Wlh gbq_]h ^h k\Z^v[u aZ`b\_l >_j`bl_kvdj_iq_aZa_fexdh]^Z[m^_l_iZ^ZlvY ihr_e^Zevr_?s_^_kylvrZ]h\b y \lhjbqghjZklygmeky\h\_kvjhklHe_ky]jhfdhaZohohlZeZb aZoehiZeZ\ eZ^hrbGm qlh" >h\hevgu" djbdgmeZ hgZ k\_jdZy k\hbfb [_eufb am[Zfb <_jbl_ l_i_jv" Gbq_]h gbq_]h Ihe_l_eb g_ \\_jo Z \gba DZd lu wlh k^_eZeZ" k m^b\e_gb_f kijhkbeyhljyob\ZykvhlijbklZ\rbod fh_ch^_`^_\_lhq_db kmoboljZ\bghdWlhg_ k_dj_l" <h\k_ g_ k_dj_l Y \Zf k m^h\hevkl\b_f jZkkdZ`m Lhevdh [hxkv qlh ih`Zemc\ug_ihcf_l_G_kmf_xy h[tykgblvY ^_ckl\bl_evghg_kh\k_fihgye__ Gh_kebg_hrb[Zxkvwlhlk\h_h[jZagucnhdmkkhklhbl\ lhfqlhhgZb^yaZfghxrZ] aZ rZ]hfgh]Z \ gh]m b g_hlklmigh ]ey^y gZ f_gy \ lh `_ \j_fy klZjZ_lky ih^jZ`Zlv dZ`^hfmkZfhfmfZe_cr_fmfh_fm^\b`_gbxlZdkdZaZlvhlh`^_kl\ey_lk_[ykhfghx Ijhc^y lZdbf h[jZahf g_kdhevdh rZ]h\ hgZ gZqbgZ_l fuke_ggh \hh[jZ`Zlv gZ g_dhlhjhf jZkklhygbb \i_j_^b f_gy \_j_\dm ijhlygmlmx ihi_j_d ^hjh]b gZ Zjrbg hl a_feb < lm fbgmlm dh]^Z y ^he`_g ijbdhkgmlvky gh]hc d wlhc \hh[jZ`Z_fhc \_j_\d_ He_ky\^jm]^_eZ_liZ^Zxs__^\b`_gb_b lh]^Zih__keh\ZfkZfucdj_idbcq_eh\_d ^he`_g g_ij_f_ggh miZklv Lhevdh fgh]h \j_f_gb kimkly y \kihfgbe k[b\qb\h_ h[tykg_gb_He_kbdh]^ZqblZehlq_l^hdlhjZRZjdhh[hiulZoijhba\_^_gguobfgZ^ ^\mfy iZpb_glZfb KZevi_ljb_jZ ijhn_kkbhgZevgufb dhe^mgvyfb kljZ^Z\rbfb bkl_jb_c B y [ue hq_gv m^b\e_g magZ\ qlh njZgpmakdb_ dhe^mgvb ba ijhklhgZjh^vy ijb[_]Zeb \ ih^h[guo kemqZyo kh\_jr_ggh d lhc `_ kghjh\d_ dZdmx imkdZeZ \ oh^ ohjhr_gvdZy ihe_kkdZy \_^vfZ DZd \u ihgbfZ_l_ ih^kljhcdZ d ^\b`_gbyf ^Z\gh ba\_klgZmadhfmdjm]mdhe^mgh\AZkem]ZwjbdkhgbZgkdh]h]bighaZ\ lhfqlhwlhlgZ\ud klZe^hklmi_grbjhdbffZkkZf]bighlba_jh\YijZ\^Zg_^mfZxqlh\ZfihgZ^h[blky ^_eZlv lZd qlh[u ^_eh\hc iZjlg_j iZ^Ze gZ jh\ghf f_kl_ b ehfZe gh]m Beb ihgZ^h[blky" Gm lh]^Z mqlbl_ qlh He_ky kgZqZeZ \k_ `_ mklZgh\beZ jZiihjl ]_jhc DmijbgZqm\kl\h\ZegZijy`_gguc\a]ey^b lhevdhihlhfijh^_fhgkljbjh\ZeZnhdmk B lZf _klv _s_ h^gZ lhgdhklv h dhlhjhc y ]h\hjblv g_ [m^m BlZd \Zf gm`gh mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zlvky \ l_o \b^Zo ih^kljhcdb dhlhju_ \u magZeb MijZ`g_gb_ 1R <uihegy_lky \ ]jmiiZo ih ljb q_eh\_dZ aZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jZ : m^h[gh jZkiheh`blvky b ih^^_j`b\Zlv k\_lkdmx [_k_^m k iZjlg_jhf ; l_fm [_k_û fh`_l_hij_^_eblv \f_kl_ emqr_qlh[uhgZ[ueZg_cljZevghcg_lj_[h\ZeZwfhpbhgZevgh]h\h\e_q_gbyih]h^Z kh\j_f_ggu_ gjZ\u b l i AZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jZ ; gZijyfmx ih^kljhblvky d iha_ b ^\b`_gbyf \ lhf qbke_ fbdjh^\b`_gbyf iZjlg_jZ : bkihevah\Zlv g_ijyfmx ih^kljhcdm d _]h ûoZgbx emqr_ k ihfhsvx l_fiZ j_qb K^_eZcl_ wlh aZ fbgmlu ihlhf gZqbgZcl_ \_klb iZjlg_jZ : lZd qlh[u ihemqblv \b^bfuc \Zfb j_amevlZldhlhjuc\uaZjZg__hij_^_ebl_êyk_[yb iZjlg_jmkhh[sZlvg_[m^_l_P_ev a^_kv^he`gZ[ulvdhgdj_lghcOhqmqlh[uiZjlg_jaZdjue]eZaZBebOhqmohjhrh ih^kljhblvkyb ihgZ[ex^ZlvaZj_Zdpb_ciZjlg_jZgZij_djZs_gb_ih^kljhcdb<hijhk baaZeZGZlhqlhy i_j_klZgmûrZlv"&=hjbgG_lgZlhqlhy i_j_klZgm]h\hjblv fb]Zlv b `_klbdmebjh\Zlv B aZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jZ < ihfh]Zlv iZjlg_jm ; ihdZau\Zy _fm k\h_cjmdhcûoZgb_iZjlg_jZ: jZkiheh`bl_kvlZdqlh[uiZjlg_j: g_\b^_e\Zrbo ^\b`_gbcDZ`ûcbamqZklgbdh\\uihegy_lihhq_j_^b\k_wlbjhebjZaZH[sZy p_evmijZ`g_gbyhljZ[hlZlvgZ\udbih^kljhcdbb gZqZlv\_klbiZjlg_jZIjbklmiZcl_ H[km`^_gb_ KZfhhlq_lu mqZklgbdh\ Z bgl_j_kgh ihcfZlv k_[y gZ lhf qlh m l_[y \^jm] ihy\ey_lky kh\_jr_ggh g_k\hckl\_gguc l_[_ `_kl [ ex[hiulgh_ hsms_gb_ iZjlg_j i_j_klZ_l ]h\hjblv b fg_ \^jm] g_ o\ZlZ_l \ha^moZ \ d iZjlg_jm dhlhjuc ih^kljZb\Z_lky d l_[_ gZqbgZ_rv hlghkblvky \k_ emqr_ b emqr_ K =hjbg Y \kihfbgZxkeh\Z<<ukhpdh]hh \ex[e_gguoG_qZyggh\^jm]ihiZ^Z_rv\ lZdllZdh]h `_ g_jh\gh]h ûoZgby Ihfh_fm kh[eZagbl_eb h[h_]h iheZ wlbf ijb_fhf ihdZ g_ \eZ^_xl<hijhkbaaZeZM He_]Zg_\hafh`ghaZf_lblvûoZgb_hgdZ`_lky\hh[s_g_ ûrblqlhfg_k gbf^_eZlv"K=hjbgAgZ_l_\ug_ijZ\bevghknhjfmebjh\ZebaZ^Zqm <ugZqZeb]Z^Zlvh lhfûrblebq_eh\_dkb^ysbci_j_^\Zfb>Z\Zcl_ij_îheh`bf qlh hg \k_lZdb ûrbl b ^Z^bf ^jm]mx nhjfmebjh\dm dZdhc \g_rgbc ijbagZd \u ^he`gugZclbqlh[ugZ^_`ghhlke_`b\Zlv_]hûoZgb_"M He_]Z^_ckl\bl_evghhq_gv aZf_ê_ggh_b ih\_joghklgh_ûoZgb_ghy khk\h_]hf_klZ\b`mdZdm g_]h\\_jo\gba ^\b`_lky \ lZdl ûoZgbx \hjhlgbd dmjldb Ohjhrh m gZk h[gZjm`beky ^_nbpbl gZ[ex^Zl_evghklb <Zf gZ^h gZmqblvky hq_gv fgh]h_ aZf_qZlv ij_djZlb\ ijb wlhf ^h]Zû\Zlvky h lhf qlh fh]eh [u [ulv beb ^he`gh [ulv DZd \u ^mfZ_l_ aZq_f gZf lZdh_[hevrh_ihe_aj_gby]jZ^mkh\\hhhgkdhevdhL_f[he__qlhq_ldh_p\_lgh_ aj_gb_\hafh`ghlhevdhihp_gljmwlh]hiheyde_ldbdhlhju_jZaebqZxlp\_lZ_klv lhevdh \ p_glj_ k_lqZldb ]eZaZ Z gZ i_jbn_jbb aj_gb_ q_jgh[_eh_ >_eh \ lhf qlh [hdh\uf aj_gb_f fu ohjhrh aZf_qZ_f ^\b`_gb_ agZqbl fh`_f aZf_lblv hiZkghklv wlhih^Zjhdw\hexpbbGha^_kvêygZkbf__lagZq_gb_lhlnZdlqlhlZdb_\Z`gu_êy ih^kljhcdb nZdlhju dZd ûoZgb_ b `_klbdmeypby wlh lh`_ ^\b`_gb_ agZqbl fu fh`_f \k_ wlh aZf_lblv ^Z`_ g_ ]ey^y ijyfh gZ kh[_k_^gbdZ GZf ijhklh gm`gh ihlj_gbjh\Zlvkyl_f[he__qlhfuijb\udebh]jZgbqb\Zlvg_lhevdhk\h_aj_gb_ghb kemo b qm\kl\bl_evghklv < h[u^_gghc `bagb wlh kqblZ_lky g_gm`guf gh wlh ihgZ^h[blky êy wnn_dlb\gh]h h[s_gby b hkh[_ggh ihgZ^h[blky êy gZ\_^_gby b bkihevah\Zgby ]bighlbq_kdh]h ljZgkZ MijZ`g_gb_ 1R IjhqbkldZ dZgZeh\ <uihegy_lkybg^b\b^mZevghjZkiheZ]Zcl_kvm^h[g__KfukemijZ`g_gbykhklhbl\ lhf qlh[u hk\h[h^blvky hl h]jZgbq_gbc \ \hkijbylbb \g_rg_]h fbjZ gZmqblvky \b^_lv keurZlv b qm\kl\h\Zlv \f_klh lh]h qlh[u ^h]Zû\Zlvky h lhf qlh \u fh]eb [u mkeurZlv m\b^_lv beb ihqm\kl\h\Zlv I_j\Zy qZklv mijZ`g_gby fbgml \b^_lv <u[_jbl_lhqdm\ dhlhjmx\ufh`_l_kfhlj_lvg_gZijy]Zykvb hklZ\vl_\a]ey^\ wlhc lhqd_L_i_jvh[jZlbl_\gbfZgb_gZlhdZdfgh]h\ufh`_l_m\b^_lvk\_l ba hdgZ b h^gh\j_f_gghk\_leZfik ihlhedZ\u\b^bl_gZihem`_elucebghe_mfk dhjbqg_\uf mahjhf \b^bl_ a_e_gu_ jZkl_gby \ dhjbqg_\uo ]hjrdZo \b^bl_ ^jm] ^jm]Z aZf_qZ_l_ fgh]b_ f_edb_ ih^jh[ghklb b m^b\ey_l_kv lhfm dZd fgh]h \u \b^bl_ <lhjZyqZklvfbgmlkeurZlv?kebm \ZkmklZeb]eZaZfh`_l_boaZdjulvihlhfmqlh \k_ qlh hl \Zk k_cqZk lj_[m_lky wlh keurZlv Lml \_^v hq_gv fgh]h a\mdh\ _klv hlghkbl_evgh ]jhfdb_ gZijbf_j fhc ]hehk b dZdhclh a\md gZ ^jm]hf wlZ`_ b _klv hlghkbl_evgh lbob_ gZijbf_j rmf fZ]gblhnhgZ beb lbdZgv_ qZkh\ b rmf \Zr_]h ûoZgbyIhmebp_bgh]^Zijh_a`ZxlfZrbgub \ukeurbl_bormfDlhlhbaf_gbe ihamijbwlhfkdjbigmeklmeR_e_klbl[mfZ]ZLj_lvyqZklvfbgmlqm\kl\h\ZlvM \Zk k_cqZk _klv hq_gv fgh]hhsms_gbc kZfuojZaghh[jZaguo B ^h l_oihj ihdZy h[ wlhfg_kdZ`m\u\hafh`ghg_qm\kl\h\Zebijbdhkgh\_gb_jmdbd s_d_bebqlhjmdb kh_^bg_guf_`^mkh[hcbebqlhjmdbe_`ZlgZ[_^jZoB qlhjmdbl_ieu_b mgbo_klv dZdZylh ly`_klv B qlh \u ijbdZkZ_l_kv d kibgd_ klmeZ b hsmsZ_l_ _]h l\_j^hklv B qlh \Zrb ih^hr\u ijbdZkZxlky d ihem <Zrb jmdb ch]b furpu l_eZ fh]ml [ulv jZkkeZ[e_ggufbbebgZijy`_ggufb?klvdZdb_lh^jm]b_hsms_gbyl_iehbeboheh^ ly`_klv beb e_]dhklv gZijy`_gghklv beb jZkkeZ[e_gghklv Ly`_klv \Zr_c h^_`û b ^Z`_ly`_klv\Zr_cijbq_kdbly`_klvqZkh\gZjmd_J_iebdZbaaZeZQlhlhhgbhq_gv ihly`_e_eb kf_o k aZe_ K =hjbg >Z emqr_ [ueh kdZaZlv \_k B ihdZ \u g_ aZ^mfu\Zebkv qlh m qZkh\ gZ \Zr_c jmd_ _klv dZdhclh \_k B qlh ijb ûoZgbb \ZrZ ]jm^gZy de_ldZ ih^gbfZ_lky b himkdZ_lky b hq_gv bgl_j_kgh ihqm\kl\h\Zlv ijbdhkgh\_gb_ h^_`û f_gyxs__ky \ fhf_gl \^hoZ b \u^hoZ H[km`^_gb_ K =hjbg <ZkwlhmijZ`g_gb_dZdlhbaf_gbeh"Hl\_lubaaZeZ>Zih`ZemcLjm^ghh[tykgblvm f_gy dZdlh jZkrbjbehkv \k_ ijhkljZgkl\h \hdjm] <ZrZ j_qv ihfh]ZeZ K =hjbg Lh _klv \u kfh]eb m\b^_lv mkeurZlv b ihqm\kl\h\Zlv \k_ qlh _klv gZ kZfhf ^_e_ Djhf_ lh]h y k_cqZk jZa^_ebe \Zr_ \hkijbylb_ \g_rg_]h fbjZ gZ ljb khklZ\eyxsbo aj_gb_ kemo b dh`ghfur_qgu_ hsms_gby ijbdhkgh\_gb_ l_ieh ly`_klv jZkkeZ[e_gghklv Wlh b m^h[g__ q_f ]h\hjblvh \hkijbylbb \ p_ehf b ihe_ag__ êy gZrbo ^Zevg_crbo p_e_c Kms_kl\m_l fgh]h \b^h\ ih^kljhcdb <u fh`_l_ ih^kljhblvky d bglhgZpbyf q_eh\_dZ d _]h \gmlj_ggbf jblfZf ?klv kihkh[u ih^kljhcdb gZ oh^m \ lhei_ gZ [hevrhfjZkklhygbb?klvkihkh[uih^kljhcdbd hkh[ufkhklhygbyfkf_ombebieZqm Fu k \Zfb hklZgh\bfky gZ gZqZevguo gZ\udZo hgb ]eZ\gu_ ?keb g_ mihlj_[eylv l_jfbgulhi_j_qbke_ggufbijb_fZfb\ukha^Z_l_[eZ]hijbylgh_i_j\h_\i_qZle_gb_h k_[_ < ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb wlh m`_ ihe^_eZg_ lZd eb" B _keb \ j_amevlZl_ ijbf_g_gby ihemq_gguo gZ\udh\ d \Zf emqr_ hlghkylky kqblZxl ijbylguf kh[_k_^gbdhf qZs_ dm^Zlh ijb]eZrZxl wlh \iheg_ ohjhrbc j_amevlZl g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h qlh wlb gZ\udb ijb]h^ylky b êy ]bighaZ BlZd \ [m^ms_f m^_eycl_ \gbfZgb_ ih^kljhcd_ \ ex[hfkemqZ_ =E:<:HKGH<UJ?QB=BIGHLBA?J: =eZagu_kb]gZeu^hklmiZ H^gh ba hldjulbc FbelhgZ WjbdkhgZ khklhbl \ lhf qlh ^\b`_gby ]eZaguo y[ehd k\yaZgu k lbihf fure_gby q_eh\_dZ lhqg__ k _]h hkgh\guf kihkh[hf h[jZ[hldb \gmlj_gg_]hhiulZIhkdhevdmgZ[ex^_gb_aZ^\b`_gb_f]eZaiha\hey_lmagZlvfgh]h_h \gmlj_gg_f fbj_ q_eh\_dZ wlhl jZa^_e wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h ]bighaZ klZeb gZau\Zlv ]eZagufbkb]gZeZfb^hklmiZA^_kvb ^Ze__y g_ijh\h`mq_ldhc]jZgbpuf_`^ml_f qlh^_eZebebgZqbgZe^_eZlv\ wjbdkhgbZgkdhf]bigha_kZfFWjbdkhgb l_fqlh[ueh iha`_^hjZ[hlZghb agZqbl_evghmkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgh_]hmq_gbdZfbb dhee_]ZfbJZ[hlu WjbdkhgZ bf_eb [hevrh_ agZq_gb_ êy kha^Zgby ]jmiihc ikboheh]h\ b ijZdlbdh\ >`=jbg^_j J;wgê_j EDZf_jhg;wgê_j >`>_ehav_ lZd gZau\Z_fh]h g_cjh ebg]\bklbq_kdh]h ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby GEI bkihevah\Zggh]h g_ lZd ^Z\gh \ ij_^\u[hjguo dZfiZgbyo J J_c]ZgZ b ; ?evpbgZ <u gZ\_jgh_ g_ jZa aZf_qZeb qlh _keb aZ^Zlv q_eh\_dm \hijhk lj_[mxsbc h[^mfu\Zgby lh \Zr kh[_k_^gbd i_j_klZ_l kfhlj_lv ijyfh gZ \Zk Hg moh^bl \ k_[y hg eb[h kfhljbl kd\hav \Zk hlkmlkl\mxsbc \a]ey^ eb[h kfhljbl \\_jo dZd [u iulZykv gZclb hl\_l gZ ihlhed_ eb[h kfhljbl \ klhjhgm dZd [u h`b^Zy qlh _]h moh mkeurbl gm`guc hl\_l eb[h kfhljbl \gba gZ k\hb gh]b Ihgylgh qlh moh^ \ k_[y wlh h[jZs_gb_ d k\h_c iZfylb \gmlj_gg_fm hiulm d kihkh[ghklb \hh[jZablv beb kdhgkljmbjh\Zlv qlhlh gh\h_ gZ hkgh\Zgbb ba\_klgh]h <a]ey^ q_eh\_dZ ^hklh\_jgh ihdZau\Z_l d dZdhc jZagh\b^ghklb iZfylb beb \gmlj_gg_]h hiulZ hg ijb[_]Z_l k_cqZk <u fh`_l_ ijh\_jblvwlhkZfhklhyl_evghAZ^Zcl_dhfmgb[m^v\hijhkaZklZ\eyxsbcijb[_]gmlvd ajbl_evghciZfylbgZijbf_jDZdh]hp\_lZdhklxf[ue\q_jZgZ\Zr_cagZdhfhc"DZd \u]ey^bl l_i_jv \ZrZ ^hqv" Dh]^Z \u \ ihke_^gbc jZa \b^_eb `b\mx ehrZ^v" b \f_kl_ kh keh\_kguf hl\_lhf \u ihemqbl_ lbibqguc êy ajbl_evguo \hkihfbgZgbc \a]ey^\e_\h\\_jo_keb\Zrkh[_k_^gbdijZ\rZa^_kvb ^Ze__bf__lky\ \b^mklhjhgZ ijZ\Zy beb e_\Zy êy \Zr_]h kh[_k_^gbdZ kf ko_fm < hl\_l gZ ij_êh`_gb_ ij_^klZ\blvk_[_qlhlhkdhgkljmbjh\Zlvajbl_evguch[jZaIj_^klZ\vl_k_[_ijh_dpbx ^Zggh]hij_^f_lZgZiehkdhklvIj_^klZ\vl_k_[_a_e_gmxdhjh\mIj_^klZ\vl_k_[_dZd \u \u]ey^bl_ _keb ihkfhlj_lv gZ \Zk k ^jm]h]h djZy dhfgZlu \Zr kh[_k_^gbd ihkfhljbl \ijZ\h \\_jo < h[s_f b p_ehf gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z \\_jo kh\iZ^Z_l k h[jZs_gb_f d ajbl_evghfm hiulm <u fh`_l_ ihijhkblv iZjlg_jZ h[jZlblvky d _]h kemoh\hfm hiulm <hijhku lbiZ \kihfgb dZd a\mqbl DZd a\hgbl l\hc l_e_nhg" DZdhc]hehkm l\h_]hgZqZevgbdZ"<kihfgba\mqZgb_kdjbidbm\h^yl\a]eyîZjlg_jZ gZe_\h ih ]hjbahglZeb qlh khhl\_lkl\m_l kemoh\hfm \hkihfbgZgbx Fh`gh kdhgkljmbjh\Zlv a\md dhlhjuc fu gbdh]^Z jZgvr_ g_ keurZeb Wlh ^hklb]Z_lky \hijhkZfblbiZDZd[uijha\mqZeh\Zr_bfy_keb_]hijhbag_klbgZh[hjhl"DZd[u a\_g_e l\hc [m^bevgbd _keb _]h gZdjulv ieZklfZkkh\uf \_^jhf" Kemoh\hc dhgkljmdpbb khhl\_lkl\m_l \a]ey^ gZijZ\h ih ]hjbahglZeb Hlf_lvl_ qlh \a]ey^ ih ]hjbahglZeb khhl\_lkl\m_l h[jZs_gbx d kemoh\hfm hiulm L_i_jv hiul hsms_gbc ^\b`_gbyijbdhkgh\_gbyl_fi_jZlmjugZijy`_gbyb jZkkeZ[e_gbyfurphiul\dmkZ b aZiZoZ WlZ dZl_]hjby \gmlj_gg_]h hiulZ gZau\Z_lky dbg_kl_lbq_kdhc b kh\iZ^Z_l k gZijZ\e_gb_f \a]ey^Z \ijZ\h \gba fh`gh \ua\Zlv wlh gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z \hijhkZfb lbiZ Qlh lu qm\kl\m_rv dh]^Z [_`brv" <kihfgb dZd ``_lky ]hjqbqgbd <a]ey^ \ijZ\h \gba khhl\_lkl\m_l dbg_kl_lbq_kdhfm \hkihfbgZgbx Bgl_j_kgh qlh dhgkljmdpbc \ dbg_kl_lbd_ g_l fu g_ fh`_f \hh[jZablv hsms_gby dhlhjuo g_ bkiulu\Zeb gZ kZfhf ^_e_ B gZdhg_p gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z \e_\h \gba Hgh k\b^_l_evkl\m_lh lhfqlhq_eh\_daZgyl\gmlj_ggbf^bZeh]hfaZ^Z_lk_[_\hijhkubeb qlhlh]h\hjblk_[_WlhgZijZ\e_gb_\a]ey^Zkh\iZ^Z_l_s_k nmgdpb_cdhgljheyj_qb dh]^Z q_eh\_d lsZl_evgh hl[bjZ_l keh\Z dhlhju_ kh[bjZ_lky ijhbaghkblv wlh gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z qZklh fh`gh \b^_lv m i_j_\h^qbdZ \h \j_fy mklgh]h i_j_\h^Z m ^hdeZ^qbdZ ^_eZxs_]h hl\_lkl\_ggh_ khh[s_gb_ m q_eh\_dZ ^Zxs_]h bgl_j\vx KO?F:=eZagu_kb]gZeu^hklmiZêylbibqgh]hijZ\rb Ajbl_evgZy dhgkljmdpby Ajbl_evgh_ \hkihfbgZgb_ Kemoh\Zy dhgkljmdpby Kemoh\h_ \hkihfbgZgb_Dbg_kl_lbq_kdh_<gmlj_ggbc^bZeh]dhgljhevj_qb\hkihfbgZgb_ =eZagu_ kb]gZeu ^hklmiZ fh^Zevghklb \gmlj_gg_]h hiulZ kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ K =hjbg=eZaZa_jdZeh^mrbY ohqmqlh[u\uk_cqZkih\lhjbebhldjulb_FbelhgZ WjbdkhgZ Fh`_l_ gZau\Zlv wlh mijZ`g_gb_f gZ ih^kljhcdm d ^\b`_gbyf ]eZaguo y[ehd MijZ`g_gb_ 1R JZa[_cl_kv ih iZjZf IZjlg_j b gZ[ex^Z_l aZ ^\b`_gb_f ]eZaguo y[ehd iZjlg_jZ : dhlhjuc \uihegy_l lh qlh y _fm ij_êh`m Dh]^Z \u \ i_j\uc jZa aZgbfZ_l_kv gZ[ex^_gb_f aZ ^\b`_gb_f ]eZa \u fh`_l_ k^_eZlv fgh]h hrb[hd ihwlhfm y mlhqgx \hl y kdZaZe qlhlh iZjlg_j : gZqZe wlh hkfukeb\Zlv b \ wlhlkZfucfhf_gl_]h]eZaZdm^Zlhiju]gmebHgdhg_qghfh`_lk^_eZlvwlhg_fgh]h ih]h^y hg \_^v lh`_ aZ \Zfb gZ[ex^Z_l _fm \_^v bgl_j_kgh qlh \u lZf lZdh_ ohlbl_ jZkkfhlj_lv Dh]^Z q_eh\_d \hkijbgbfZ_l \g_rgbc fbj hg kfhljbl ijyfh gZ bgl_j_kmxsbc _]h ij_^f_l Z _keb hg k_cqZk gbdm^Z dhgdj_lgh g_ kfhljbl _]h ]eZaZ gZqbgZxl [_]Zlv agZqbl hg h[jZ[Zlu\Z_l \gmlj_ggbc hiul BlZd k_eb ebphf d ebpm aZ^Zgb_ iZjlg_jZ : \kihfgbl_ p\_l dhklxfZ hklZ\e_ggh]h ^hfZ Dm^Z gZijZ\e_g \a]ey^"Hl\_lubaaZeZ<e_\h\\_jo: fhciZjlg_jijh^he`Z_lkfhlj_lvgZf_gyK =hjbg <u qlh g_ klZeb \uihegylv aZ^Zgb_" :o m`_ \uihegbeb IZjlg_j kfhlj_e ^_ckl\bl_evgh ijyfh gZ \Zk" Hl\_l G_ kh\k_f hg kfhlj_e dZdlh kd\hav f_gy K =hjbgLh_klvhgkfhlj_ejZknhdmkbjh\Zgguf\a]ey^hf\jh^_dm^Zlh\^ZevAZibrbl_ \a]ey^ \e_\h \\_jo beb jZknhdmkbjh\Zgguc \a]ey^ ijyfh i_j_^ kh[hc ajbl_evgh_ \hkihfbgZgb_ Ihc^_f ^Zevr_ Ihf_gycl_kv jheyfb \ iZjZo AZ^Zgb_ iZjlg_jm : ij_^klZ\vl_ dZd \u \u]ey^bl_ _keb kfhlj_lv gZ \Zk k ihlhedZ Dm^Z ihr_e \a]ey^" Hl\_lu ba aZeZ <ijZ\h \\_jo M f_gy kgZqZeZ \ijZ\h \\_jo ihlhf \gba K =hjbg KZfh_ i_j\h_ ^\b`_gb_ dm^Z hgh [ueh gZijZ\e_gh" Hl\_l <ijZ\h \\_jo K =hjbg AZibku\Z_f \ijZ\h \\_jo ajbl_evgh_ ij_^klZ\e_gb_ ajbl_evgZy dhgkljmdpby \hh[jZ`_gb_lh]hq_]hg_l\ iZfylbBlZd_kebq_eh\_dkfhljbl\\_johgh[jZsZ_lkyd ajbl_evghfm hiulm jZkkfZljb\Z_l dZjlbgdb GZ \Zr_ fbfbq_kdh_ \hajZ`_gb_ hg g_hkhagZggh wlbf aZgbfZ_lky gm \u _s_ jZa[_j_l_kv Kgh\Z ihf_gyebkv jheyfb aZ^Zgb_ iZjlg_jm : \kihfgblv dZd a\hgbl [m^bevgbd ^\_jghc a\hghd l_e_nhg Dm^Z \a]ey^"B]hjvM g_]hkgZqZeZ\ijZ\h\\_joihlhf\gbaK=hjbgIhoh`_m g_]h g_l [m^bevgbdZ b hg kgZqZeZ ij_^klZ\be dZd wlhl ij_^f_l \u]ey^bl Y ijZ\" Ihlhf \a]ey^ ihr_e \gba gh jZa\_ hg kh\k_f himklbeky" B]hjv G_l hklZgh\beky gZ ]hjbahglZeb K =hjbg Ibrbl_ gZe_\h ih ]hjbahglZeb kemoh\h_ \hkihfbgZgb_ Ihlhf\u\k_wlhgZjbkm_l_lZdijhs_[m^_laZihfgblvIhf_gycl_kvjheyfbaZ^Zgb_ iZjlg_jm : mkeurvl_ dZd [u ijha\mqZeh \Zr_ bfy _keb _]h ijhbag_klb gZh[hjhl B]hjv Hg hiylv \\_jo kfhljbl K =hjbg Gm g_ lhevdh hg m gZk k_cqZk fgh]b_ h[jZlbebkvd ajbl_evghfmhiulmkgZqZeZgZ^hijhqblZlvk\h_bfygZh[hjhlb lhevdh ihlhf mkeurZlv LZd ihke_ ijhql_gby dm^Z gZijZ\e_g \a]ey^" Hl\_lu ba aZeZ GZijZ\h ih ]hjbahglZeb K =hjbg Ibrbl_ gZijZ\h ih ]hjbahglZeb kemoh\Zy dhgkljmdpby?keb\_jogbcwlZàjbl_evguclhkj_^gbckemoh\hcAZ^Zgb_iZjlg_jm: \kihfgbl_k\hbhsms_gby\ ]hjyq_c[Zg_Hl\_lubaaZeZ<k_^jm`gh\gbakfhljylK =hjbg <gba dm^Z" <gba gZijZ\h Wlh dbg_kl_lbq_kdh_ \hkihfbgZgb_ Dbg_kl_lbdhc gZau\Z_lky\k_qlhdZkZ_lkyqm\kl\wfhpbcb dh`ghfur_qguohsms_gbc]jm[hklv fy]dhklvl_iehoheh^ly`_klve_]dhklvb l^^\b`_gbyjmdb gh]< dbg_kl_lbd_fu lhevdh\kihfbgZ_f_kebfuij_êh`bfdhfmgb[m^v\kihfgblvdZd``_lky]hjqbqgbd Z _fm ]hjqbqgbdh\ g_ klZ\beb hg wlh]h hsms_gby ij_^klZ\blv g_ kfh`_l Gm b ihke_^g__ aZ^Zgb_ >ey agZxsbo bghkljZggu_ yaudb i_j_\_^bl_ fuke_ggh fhx ihke_^gxxnjZamgZex[hcyaud>eyg_agZxsboaZ^Zcl_k_[_dZdhcgb[m^v\hijhkb ihemqbl_ hl\_l Dm^Z gZijZ\e_g \a]ey^" Hl\_lu ba aZeZ <e_\h \gba M f_gy ih ]hjbahglZeb b \e_\h \gba K =hjbg Ih ]hjbahglZeb \u ihcfZeb a\mdh\mx ihf_om hla\md\hkihfbgZgby<e_\h\gba\gmlj_ggbc^bZeh]b lZf_klv_s_h^gZnmgdpby dhgljhevj_qbWlhij_djZkgh\b^gh\ l_e_bgl_j\vxhkh[_gghm ex^_cg_hiulguobebm l_odlhijb\udihklhygghdhgljhebjh\Zlvk_[ydZd[ug_eyigmlvq_]hebrg_]hIh fh_fmhiulml_e_ajbl_eylbibqgh_gZijZ\e_gb_\a]ey^Zm \h_gguoJ_iebdZbaaZeZM l_o dlh ijb\ud qlhlh kdju\Zlv K =hjbg OjZgblv \h_ggmx lZcgm BlZd \_jogbc wlZ` ajbl_evguc kj_^gbc kemoh\hc gb`gbc ^_eblky f_`^m dbg_kl_lbdhc b dhgljhe_f j_qb Dhgljhev j_qb ^_ckl\bl_evgh k\b^_l_evkl\m_l h lhf qlh q_eh\_d ohq_l qlhlh kdjulv ?klv ^Z`_ lbibqguc rZ[ehg ^\b`_gbc ]eZaguo y[ehd dhlhjuc gZau\Zxl ^_l_dlhjhf e`b gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z hl ajbl_evghc beb kemoh\hc dhgkljmdpbb \ijZ\h \\_jo \ijZ\h ih ]hjbahglZeb d dhgljhex j_qb \e_\h \gba \h \gmlj_gg_f hiul_ wlh khhl\_lkl\m_l lZdhc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb kgZqZeZ ij_^klZ\blv kdhgkljmbjh\Zlv dZd [u wlh fh]eh [ulv Z ihlhf ]h\hjblv lhevdh lh qlh wlhfm khhl\_lkl\m_l gbq_]h ebrg_]h Wlh ohjhrh aZf_lgh m ^_l_c m [hevguo bkl_jb_c <hijhk ba aZeZ AgZqbl _keb aZohq_rv qlhlh kdjulv g_ ^\b]Zc ]eZaZfb wlh e_]dh k^_eZlvK=hjbgGZkZfhf^_e_wlhlgZ\udg_\hafh`ghijhdhgljhebjh\ZlvKfhlj_lv ijyfhagZqblgbq_]hg_\kihfgblvgbq_]hg_ij_^klZ\blvlh_klvi_j_klZlv^mfZlv <u fh`_l_ ihklmiblv b lZd gh lh]^Z \u \uiZ^Z_l_ ba h[s_gby Gh _keb \u g_ ohlbl_ ij_djZsZlv h[s_gb_ \Zf ijb^_lky ^mfZlv agZqbl h[jZsZlvky d \gmlj_gg_fm hiulm agZqbl\Zrb]eZaZ[m^ml^\b]Zlvkyb \k_aZ\bkbllhevdhhlagZgbcb gZ[ex^Zl_evghklb \Zr_]h^_eh\h]hiZjlg_jZLml^h\hevghbgl_j_kghihemqbehkvG_aZ^he]h^hk_fbgZjZ y i_j_qblu\ZeF;me]Zdh\ZFZkl_jZb FZj]Zjblmb lZf\u[jZeg_kdhevdhijbf_jh\ GmkgZqZeZhibkZgbyi_jkhgZ`_ck_dj_lZjvj_^ZdpbbEZir_ggbdh\Zkhkdhr_ggufb d ghkm hl ihklhyggh]h \jZgvy ]eZaZfb Beb n_ev^r_jbpZ IjZkdh\vy N_^hjh\gZ m dhlhjhc aZ[_]Zeb ]eZaZ ijb \hijhk_ B\ZgZ ;_a^hfgh]h h lhf qlh kemqbehkv k _]h khk_^hf ih wlZ`m <u m`_ agZeb wlh \ujZ`_gb_ aZ[_]Zeb ]eZaZ hgh hagZqZ_l ]hlh\ghklvkh\jZlvl_i_jv[m^_l_agZlv\ dZdhfgZijZ\e_gbbhgb[_]ZxlihlhckZfhc ^bZ]hgZeb \ijZ\h \\_jo \e_\h \gba B \hl gZdhg_p [e_klys__ hibkZgb_ wibah^ kh kgh\b^_gb_f GbdZghjZ B\Zgh\bqZ ;hkh]h K^Z\Zcl_ \Zexlm <_jx Wlb ]eZaZ g_ e]ml<_^vkdhevdh`_jZay ]h\hjbe\Zfqlhhkgh\gZy\ZrZhrb[dZaZdexqZ_lky\ lhf qlh \u g_^hhp_gb\Z_l_ agZq_gb_ q_eh\_q_kdbo ]eZa Ihcfbl_ qlh yaud fh`_l kdjulv bklbgm Z ]eZaZ gbdh]^Z <Zf aZ^Zxl \g_aZiguc \hijhk \u ^Z`_ g_ \a^jZ]b\Z_l_ \ h^gmk_dmg^m\uh\eZ^_\Z_l_kh[hcb agZ_l_qlhgm`ghkdZaZlvqlh[umdjulvbklbgmb \_kvfZm[_^bl_evgh]h\hjbl_b gbh^gZkdeZ^dZgZ\Zr_febp_g_r_\_evg_lkyghm\u \klj_\h`_ggZy \hijhkhf bklbgZ kh ^gZ ^mrb gZ f]gh\_gb_ iju]Z_l \ ]eZaZ b \k_ dhgq_gh HgZ aZf_q_gZ Z \u ihcfZgu ;me]Zdh\ dhg_qgh g_ agZe wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h ]bighaZ hg dZd \kydbc lZeZgleb\uc ibkZl_ev ohjhrh hibku\Ze lh qlh \b^_e <u khklZ\beb ko_fm ]eZaguo kb]gZeh\ ^hklmiZ êy lbibqgh]h ijZ\rb b \u fh`_l_ k\h[h^ghijbf_gylv__ihkdhevdmijhp_glh\ex^_cijZ\rbMqlbl_qlhm e_\rb \hkihfbgZgby b dhgkljmdpbb a_jdZevgh ihf_gyxlky f_klZfb Z h[sZy aZdhghf_jghklv jZkij_^_e_gby ajbl_evgh]h kemoh\h]h b dbg_kl_lbq_kdh]h hiulZ ih wlZ`Zf hklZg_lky lhc `_ M gZk hklZehkv k\h[h^guf gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z ih p_gljm \\_jo b \gba hgh fh`_lhlghkblvkyd \hkihfbgZgbxbebdhgkljmdpbbm dZ`^h]hhl^_evgh]hbg^b\b^mmfZ A^_kv gm`gh ijhklh aZihfgblv qlh ^Zgguc q_eh\_d kdZ`_f \ZrZ gZqZevgbpZ FZjvy B\Zgh\gZ \k_]^Z j_Z]bjm_l gZ \hijhk h dbg_kl_lbq_kdbo \hkihfbgZgbyo gZijZ\e_gb_f \a]ey^Z \gba ih p_gljm ?s_ h^gZ ^_lZev Dh]^Z \u baeZ]Z_l_ dZdh_lh êbggh_ b aZfZgqb\h_ ij_êh`_gb_ \k_]^Z ^_eZcl_ iZmam _keb \b^bl_ qlh m iZjlg_jZ gZqZeb ^\b]Zlvky ]eZagu_ y[ehdb Wlh agZqbl qlh k_cqZk hg h[jZlbeky d k\h_fm \gmlj_gg_fm hiulmhkfukeb\Z_l\ZrbZj]mf_glubagZqblg_fh`_l\hkijbgbfZlvgh\u_k\_^_gby Lh`_kZfh_ijbkihj__kebiZjlg_jh[jZlbekyd \gmlj_gg_fmhiulm^Zcl__fm\j_fy êy wlh]h g_ gZibjZcl_ k Zj]mf_glZfb mqblu\Zy qlh iZjlg_j fh`_l eb[h \h_ ijbgbfZlv bo eb[h h[^mfu\Zlv EZ^gh \havf_f qbklh `bag_ggmx aZ^Zqm K dmjhjlZ ijb_a`Z_l fm` b \u _]h kijZrb\Z_l_ Gm dZd lu lZf hl^hogme" AgZ_rv hq_gv kdmqgh [ueh himkdZ_l ]eZaZ \ijZ\h \gba J_iebdZ ba aZeZ <j_l kf_o \ aZe_ K =hjbgIhq_fmlhijbhl\_l_hgmoh^bl\ dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_\hkihfbgZgbyIhdjZcg_c f_j__fm_klvqlh\kihfgblvLZd_s_h^gZ`bag_gghi_k_ggZykblmZpbykijZ\Zdm^jb lhdZjy ke_\Z dmag_pZ Dh]h \u[jZlv" Hl\_l ba aZeZ <aylv lhdZjy b ihclb k gbf \ dmagbpmkf_o\ aZe_K=hjbgG_kh]eZk_g[jZlvgZ^hlh]hdlhkfhljbl\ijZ\h\gba Ihq_fm" >Z ihlhfm qlh _]h \gmlj_ggbc hiul k\yaZg k dbg_kl_lbdhc k ijbdhkgh\_gbyfb ih]eZ`b\Zgbyfb JZamf__lky hg [m^_l emqrbf ex[h\gbdhf _keb \k_ \j_fy moh^bl \ dbg_kl_lbq_kdbc \gmlj_ggbc hiul B l_i_jv fu \uoh^bf _s_ gZ h^gml_fm?kebijh^he`blvbkke_^h\Zgbylh]hgZkdhevdhqZklhex^bh[jZsZxlkyd lhc bebbghcjZagh\b^ghklb\gmlj_gg_]hhiulZbeb iZfylb lh h[gZjm`blky qlh dZ`ûc q_eh\_dki_pbZebabjm_lkygZdZdhclhh^ghcjZagh\b^ghklb<hkihfbgZgbyh[h^ghf b lhf `_ kh[ulbb [m^ml jZagufb m \k_o hq_\b^p_\ m h^gh]h ij_bfms_kl\_ggh ajbl_evgufb m ^jm]h]h \ hkgh\ghf kemoh\ufb m lj_lv_]h dbg_kl_lbq_kdbfb Fh^Zevghklb \gmlj_gg_]h hiulZ >Z\Zcl_ hk\hbf g_kdhevdh gh\uo l_jfbgh\ <h i_j\uo y ohqm qlh[u \u bf_eb \hafh`ghklv \ [m^ms_f qblZlv b ihgbfZlv ex[mx ebl_jZlmjmih]bighamZ lZfwlbl_jfbguijbf_gyxlkyb \h\lhjuogZf[m^_lm^h[g__ bkihevah\Zlvwlbl_jfbgu\ gZr_c^Zevg_cr_cjZ[hl_BlZdlhjZa^_e_gb_\gmlj_gg_]h hiulZ gZ ljb dZl_]hjbb aj_gb_ kemo hsms_gby dhlhjh_ fu k^_eZeb gZau\Z_lky jZa^_e_gb_f gZ fh^Zevghklb \gmlj_gg_]h hiulZ <k_ qlh hlghkblky d aj_gbx \hkihfbgZgby b ij_^klZ\e_gby ajbl_evguo h[jZah\ gZau\Z_lky \bamZevghc fh^ZevghklvxhleZlbgkdh]h\bamkaj_gb_Kemoh\ZyiZfylvbf_gm_lkyZm^bZevghc fh^Zevghklvx m l_jfbgZ lhl `_ eZlbgkdbc dhj_gv qlh b \ keh\_ Zm^bhkbkl_fZ b hiul ^\b`_gbc ijbdhkgh\_gbc dbg_kl_lbq_kdZy fh^Zevghklv Q_eh\_d m dhlhjh]h ij_h[eZ^Zxl \ fure_gbb ajbl_evgu_ h[jZau dhlhjuc ki_pbZebabjm_lky gZ ajbl_evghf \gmlj_gg_f hiul_ [m^_l gZau\Zlvky \bamZebklhf ki_pbZebabjmxsbcky gZ kemoh\hf hiul_ Zm^bZebklhf ki_pbZebabjmxsbcky \ hsms_gbyo \ dbg_kl_lbd_ dbg_kl_lbdhf Y m`_ g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy gZ[ex^Zx aZ \Zfb b êy k_[y \Zrb \_^msb_ fh^Zevghklb hij_^_ebe LZd gZijbf_j y ^mfZx qlh \gbfZgb_ fm`qbg ]jmiiu ijb\e_dZ_lky d GZlZr_ g_ lhevdhihlhfm qlh hgZ kbfiZlbqgZy^_\bpZ gh b ihlhfm qlh hgZ dbg_kl_lbd ;ueh [u g_kijZ\_êb\h kdjulv \_^msb_ fh^Zevghklb \k_o hklZevguoK^_eZ_flZdky^vl_\ djm]qlh[u\k_^jm]^jm]Z\b^_ebY aZ^Zf\Zf\hijhk gZ dhlhjuc \u hl\_lbl_ b ijb wlhf aZf_lbl_ hl\_lu iZjlg_jh\ BlZd \hijhk DZd \u magZ_l_ h fbj_" B]hjv Fu ^he`gu kdZaZlv h[ wlhf" K =hjbg >Z gbq_]h g_ gZ^h ]h\hjblv \u m`_ hl\_lbeb ]eZaZfb B \hh[s_ y ohl_e [u agZlv dZd fh`gh keh\Zfb hl\_lblv gZ wlhl \hijhk \u `_ g_ hkhagZ_l_ hl\_l <u \k_ hl\_lbeb ]eZaZfb b l_ dlh gZ[ex^Ze fh]ml hlf_lblv êy k_[y \Zrm \_^msmx fh^Zevghklv DklZlb \ wlhf mijZ`g_gbbfh`gh[uehm\b^_lvbgl_j_kgmx^_lZevy __^Z\ghaZf_lbem ih^\b^Z]hfh kZib_gkq_eh\_dZjZamfgh]hgZau\Z_fh]h]hfhkh\_lbdmkq_eh\_dkh\_lkdbcqblZcl_ Abgh\v_\Z i_j\h_ ^\b`_gb_ ]eZa \ hl\_l gZ g_ihgylgu_ \hijhku \h \gmlj_ggbc ^bZeh] lh _klv \ dhgljhev j_qb G_ ijh[helZlvky ;helmg gZoh^dZ êy ribhgZ Kdjulgu_ fu ex^b \k_lZdb H \_^ms_c fh^Zevghklb fh`gh ihemqblv k\_^_gby g_ lhevdh ih ]eZaguf kb]gZeZf ^hklmiZ kh[_k_^gbd \k_]^Z \Zf h g_c ]h\hjbl keh\Zfb <u[hj keh\ k\yaZg m q_eh\_dZ k _]h \_^ms_c fh^Zevghklvx _keb hg ]h\hjbl h [e_klys_f [m^ms_f yjdbo i_jki_dlb\Zo lhqd_ aj_gby lh hg \u[bjZ_l \bamZevgu_ keh\Z khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ _]h \_^ms_c \bamZevghc kbkl_f_ :m^bZevghc fh^Zevghklb khhl\_lkl\mxlkeh\Zb \ujZ`_gbylbiZfhghlhggucijb]emr_gguc]h\hjbl_]jhfq_ ^Z\Zcl_ h[]h\hjbf b l i Dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_ keh\Z ljh]Zlv dZkZlvky fy]dh ]jm[h l_iehoheh^gh^Z\blb liKeh\ZmdZau\Zxsb_gZhkgh\gmxfh^Zevghklvq_eh\_dZ lh`_bf_xlk\h_gZa\Zgb_keh\Zij_^bdZlu?klvb lZdb_keh\Zdhlhju_g_hlghkylky gb dh^ghcfh^ZevghklbagZlvihgbfZlv^mfZlv bgh]^Zbohlghkyld lZdgZau\Z_fhc j_q_^\b]Zl_evghc fh^Zevghklb gh wlhl l_jfbg ijbf_gy_lky j_^dh >h kbo ihj gZk bgl_j_kh\ZehlhdZdgZ^h]h\hjblvZ l_i_jvfuaZcf_fkyl_fqlhgZ^h]h\hjblv>_eh\ lhfqlhh[uqghfuhj]Zgbam_fhnhjfey_fk\h_khh[s_gb_lZdqlh[ugZf[uehm^h[gh _]h i_j_^Z\Zlv Gh êy wnn_dlb\gh]h \ebygby gZ q_eh\_dZ ]hjZa^h \Z`g__ hnhjfblv bgnhjfZpbx lZdbf h[jZahf qlh[u __ [ueh m^h[gh ijbgbfZlv <u fh`_l_ i_j_^Zlv dhfZg^mihkj_^kl\hfk\_jokh\j_f_gghcl_e_\babhgghcklZgpbbghqlhlhedmhlwlh]h _keb m ihl_gpbZevgh]h bkihegbl_ey g_l ^Z`_ ^_l_dlhjgh]h ijb_fgbdZ" ?keb \ wlhc kblmZpbb \u \k_ `_ aZohlbl_ qlh[u \Zk ihgyeb ijb^_lky ijb]eZrZlv kb]gZevsbdZ k neZ`dhf JZa\_ j_^dh fu gZ[ex^Z_f dh]^Z \ ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb h^bg ]h\hjbl >Z lu lhevdh ihkfhljb Z ^jm]hc \hajZ`Z_l G_l lu ihkemrZc <blZebc dbg_kl_lbd y fh]m [bluc qZk ihljZlblv gZ lh qlh[u h[jbkh\Zlv _fm [e_klysb_ mkeh\by b yjdb_ i_jki_dlb\u khljm^gbq_kl\Z kh fghc ihdZaZlv hldjulu_ i_j_^ gbf jZ^m`gu_ ]hjbahglub ij_êh`blv_fm\ blh]_ijbgylvfhxlhqdmaj_gbyIh`ZemcklZhgkb^blb g_^h\hevgh dZqZ_l ]heh\hc Gh _keb y l_ieuf b aZ^mr_\guf lhghf ^Zf _fm ihqm\kl\h\Zlv e_]dhklv gZr_]h l_kgh]h dhglZdlZ dZd \b^bl_ hg aZbgl_j_kh\Zeky GZmqbl_kv]h\hjblvk q_eh\_dhflZdqlh[u _fm [ueh m^h[gh \Zk kemrZlv qlh[u \Zrb keh\Z kh\iZ^Zeb k _]h \gmlj_ggbf hiulhf MijZ`g_gb_ 1R <uihegy_lky \ iZjZo <gZqZe_ gZjbkmcl_ êy k_[y ijhklmx ko_fm kf ko_fm \ p_glj_ ebklZ [mfZ]b bah[jZabl_ [he__ beb f_g__ ko_fZlbqgh ]eZa b h[hagZqvl_ gZijZ\e_gbc \a]ey^Z gZijZ\e_gby \\_jo\ijZ\h ih p_gljm \e_\hgZijZ\e_gby ih ]hjbahglZeb \ijZ\h b \e_\h b gZijZ\e_gby \gba \ijZ\h ih p_gljm \e_\h L_i_jv gZ dZ`^hf ba wlbo gZijZ\e_gbc gZibrbl_ ih ljbq_luj_ keh\Z dhlhju_ khhl\_lkl\mxl kh\iZ^Zxs_c k gZijZ\e_gb_f fh^Zevghklb GZijbf_j êy \bamZevghc fh^Zevghklb wlh [m^ml keh\Z kfhlj_lvyjdbc[e_klysbckijZ\Zfh`_l_^h[Z\blvij_^klZ\vk_[_<hijhkbaaZeZ Keh\hahehlhfh`gh"K=hjbgGmêyf_gyahehlhwlhqlhlhdbg_kl_lbq_kdh_ ohlyy _]h\ kebldZogbdh]^Zg_ghkbeEmqr_ibrbl_qlhlh[he__ hij_^_e_ggh_ >Z gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z ijyfh i_j_^ kh[hc ijb jZknhdmkbjh\Zgghf \a]ey^_ hlkmlkl\mxsbc \a]ey^ gZ \Zr_c ko_f_ wlh gZijZ\e_gb_ ihdZaZlv g_evay gh \u ihfgbl_ qlh wlh lh`_ \bamZevgh_ gZijZ\e_gb_ Hlkmlkl\mxsbc \a]ey^ khijh\h`^Z_lky _s_ b jZkrbj_gb_f ajZqdh\ dZd ijZ\beh >ey ]hjbahglZevgh]h gZijZ\e_gby \a]ey^Zbkihevamcl_ keh\Z Zm^bZevghc fh^Zevghklb kemrZlv ]h\hjblv ]jhfdh lboh L_ `_ keh\Z ih^hc^ml êy gZijZ\e_gby \a]ey^Z \e_\h \gba \gmlj_ggbc ^bZeh]Gmb êydbg_kl_lbq_kdbogZijZ\e_gbcljh]ZlvdZkZlvky]hjyqhoheh^gh Ko_fZ Keh\_kgh_ ijbkh_^bg_gb_ d gZijZ\e_gbx \a]ey^Z Ij_^klZ\v k_[_ Kfhlj_lv Kfhlj_lvYjdbc;e_klysbcYjdbc;e_klysbcYjdbc;e_klysbc KemrZlv=h\hjblv=jhfdhKemrZlv=h\hjblv=jhfdh Ljh]ZlvDZkZlvky=hjyqhLjh]ZlvDZkZlvky=hjyqhKemrZlv=h\hjblv=jhfdh L_i_jv kZfh mijZ`g_gb_ IZjlg_j : ^_j`bl lZ[ebpm jy^hf kh k\hbf ebphf b ihdZau\Z_liZjlg_jm; \k_\hk_fvgZijZ\e_gbc\a]ey^Zihhq_j_^bIZjlg_j; qblZ_lkh ko_fu keh\Z dhlhjuc khhl\_lkl\mxl dZ`^hfm ba gZijZ\e_gbc b ijhbaghkbl bo \kemo >Z gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z \u ihdZau\Z_l_ jZamf__lky k\hbfb ]eZaZfb AZl_f \u f_gy_l_kv jheyfb <lhjZy qZklv mijZ`g_gby hgZ \uihegy_lky lh`_ kh ko_fhc IZjlg_j: ^Z_lgZijZ\e_gby\a]ey^Z\jZa[jhk[_kkbkl_fghiZjlg_j; lZd`_qblZ_l b ijhbaghkbl \kemo khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ keh\Z aZl_f f_gy_l_kv jheyfb < lj_lv_c qZklb mijZ`g_gby\u^_eZ_l_lh`_kZfh_lhevdh[_ako_fuihiZfylbIjbklmiZcl_<k_qlh \u^_eZ_l_ihij_`g_fmbf__lhlghr_gb_d jZiihjlm?kebjZgvr_\uijbkh_^bgyebkv d \g_rg_fm ih\_^_gbx iZjlg_jZ lh l_i_jv \u hljZ[Zlu\Z_l_ ijbkh_^bg_gb_ d _]h \gmlj_gg_fm hiulm Hq_gv ijhklhc ijbf_j _keb y \Zf ]h\hjx Kfhljbl_dZ wlh agZqbl qlh y g_ ijhklh ij_êZ]Zx \Zf qlhlh jZkkfhlj_lv kdhgkljmbjh\Z\ êy wlh]h dZdmxlhk\hx\gmlj_ggxxdZjlbgdmwlhagZqblqlhy kZfêyk_[ylZdmxdZjlbgdm kdhgkljmbjh\Ze b [m^m j_Z]bjh\Zlv iheghp_ggh lhevdh gZ \bamZevgu_ Zj]mf_glu < jZkij_^_e_gbb \_^msbo fh^Zevghkl_c m jZaguo ex^_c _klv g_dhlhju_ aZdhghf_jghklb \ijhq_f ^h\hevgh g_lhqgu_ LZd gZijbf_j `_gsbgu qZs_ ki_pbZebabjmxlky \ \bamZevghc fh^Zevghklb Z fm`qbgu \ dbg_kl_lbq_kdhc :m^bZevgZy fh^Zevghklv \ dZq_kl\_ \_^ms_c \klj_qZ_lky ^hklZlhqgh j_^dh m fmaudZglh\ m g_dhlhjuo jmdh\h^bl_e_c Ih fhbf gZ[ex^_gbyf kh\_lkdbc gZqZevgbd \ k\h_c j_qb bkihevam_l ijhp_glh\ gZ g_hij_^_e_ggu_ b Zm^bZevgu_ keh\Z gZr gug_rgbc fwj gZijbf_j lbibqguc Zm^bZebkl h[h`Zxsbc djZkb\h a\mqZsb_ keh\Z J_iebdZ ba aZeZ Ihwlhfm gZrbo jmdh\h^bl_e_c fZeh dlh ihgbfZ_l K =hjbg >Z bf wlh b g_ gm`gh Gh klZ\ gZqZevkl\hf mqlbl_ qlh kZfu_ jZkijhkljZg_ggu_ fh^Zevghklb \bamZevgZy b dbg_kl_lbq_kdZy <hafh`gh \u aZohlbl_ [ulv ihgylufb Ihkdhevdm ihdZ \u jy^h\u_ jZ[hlgbdb ^Z\Zcl_ ijbh[j_l_f _s_ h^bg gZ\ud <Zf gm`gh gZmqblvky ij_h^he_\Zlv j_q_\u_h]jZgbq_gbyk\yaZggu_k \Zr_ckh[kl\_gghcfh^ZevghklvxLh_klv\u^he`gu klZlvd\Zebnbpbjh\Zggufbi_j_\h^qbdZfbk yaudZh^ghcfh^ZevghklbgZyaud^jm]hc Y \Zf^Zfg_dh_ih^h[b_keh\Zjy\ihke_^kl\bb\u_]h^hihegbl_WlhlZ[ebpZkf lZ[ebpm \ dhlhjhc ih \_jlbdZeb ^Zgu keh\Z ba q_luj_o ]jmii g_hij_^_e_ggu_ \bamZevgu_ Zm^bZevgu_ dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_ Ih ]hjbahglZeb keh\h ba h^gh]h klhe[pZ khhl\_lkl\m_l keh\Zf ba khk_^gbo klhe[ph\ MijZ`g_gb_ 1R K_cqZk m \Zk [m^_l i_j_ju\ b \u \k_ jZ\gh [m^_l_ qlhlh h[km`^Zlv h[f_gb\Zlvky \a]ey^Zfb fg_gbyfb hsms_gbyfb <havfbl_ êy k_[y h^gm_^bgkl\_ggmx fh^Zevghklv hklZ\Zcl_kv \ oh^_ jZa]h\hjZ\ ij_^_eZokeh\Zjgh]haZiZkZh^gh]h\_jlbdZevgh]hklhe[pZlZ[ebpuFh`_l_ mki_lvihijh[h\Zlvg_kdhevdhfh^Zevghkl_cihgZdZ`ûchlj_ahd\j_f_gbhklZ\Zcl_kv lhevdh \ h^ghc ba gbo GZlZrZ Fh`gh \aylv k\hx jh^gmx fh^Zevghklv" K =hjbg Fh`ghghl_[_\ g_c[m^_lkebrdhfe_]dhkf_o\ aZe_<havfbqm`mxihlj_gbjmcky L:;EBP:<aZbfguci_j_\h^yaudZfh^Zevghkl_c G_hij_^_e_ggu_<bamZevgu_:m^bZevgu_Dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_ MklZgh\dZ I_jki_dlb\Z lhqdZ aj_gby Dhff_glZjbc fg_gb_ GZijZ\e_gghklv mdehg klhcdZ H[^mfZlvHk\_lblvH[]h\hjblvIjhqm\kl\h\Zlv Ijhy\eylv gZklhcqb\hklv <ukfZljb\Zlv \uke_`b\Zlv <ukemrb\Zlv ih^kemrb\Zlv >h[b\Zlvkymihjkl\h\Zlv^_j`Zlvky Ijh^_fhgkljbjh\ZlvIhdZaZlvH[tykgblvJZkdb^Zlv\ulZsblvjZkkhjlbjh\Zlv BkimkdZlv qlheb[h Kbylv emqblvky bkdjblvky A\mqZlv j_ahgbjh\Zlv >jh`Zlv \b[jbjh\Zlv Hlkmlkl\h\Zlv;ulvimklufqbkluf;ulvh]emr_gguf[_afhe\gufHg_f_lvaZf_j_lv H[uqguc ijb\uqguc Lmkdeuc H^gha\mqguc ijb]emr_gguc <yeuc ^jy[euc [_a\dmkguc AZgylgucijb\e_dZxsbc\gbfZgb_YjdbcihdZaghcp\_lbkluc[jhkZxsbcky\ ]eZaZ =jhfdbch]emrbl_evgucIjbebiqb\ucmihjgucihjZabl_evguc Ijh^he`_gb_lZ[ebpu G_hij_^_e_ggu_<bamZevgu_:m^bZevgu_Dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_ ;ulv \gbfZl_evguf IjbkfZljb\Zlvky ijb]eyû\Zlvky Ijbkemrb\Zlvky ;_kihdhblvky \hegh\Zlvky B]ghjbjh\ZlvMimkdZlvba\b^mG_mkeurZlvG_ihqm\kl\h\Zlvijhimklblv K^_eZlv aZf_lguf ijb\e_dZxsbf \gbfZgb_ <uklZ\blv gZ \b^ ijhy\blv Ijh\ha]eZkblvh]eZrZlv<u^\b]Zlv\i_j_^\uklZ\eylv AZf_qZlvHkfZljb\Zlv<kemrb\Zlvky<qm\kl\h\Zlvky <hkijhba\_klb ih\lhjblv K^_eZlv h[ahj ijhkfhlj_lv h[haj_lv H[]h\hjblv ijh]h\hjblvIjhclbkvihijh]gZlv Baeh`blvIhdZaZlvJZkkdZaZlvIjh\_klb Ijb^mfZlv<hh[jZablvIjbihfgblva\mqZgb_Mo\Zlblvho\Zlblv GZihfgblv h q_feb[h <u]ey^_lv agZdhfuf Kh]eZkh\u\Zlvky k q_feb[h [ulv kha\mqgufKhkludh\u\ZlvkykhijbdZkZlvky Ijb\e_qv\gbfZgb_d q_fmeb[hMdZaZlvGZf_dgmlvDhkgmlvky Ebr_gguchsms_gbcKe_ihc=emohc;_kqm\kl\_gguc >Z\Zcl_h[^mfZ_f>Z\Zcl_jZkkfhljbf>Z\Zcl_h[]h\hjbf>Z\Zcl_ijbdbg_f H[km`^_gb_ KZfhhlq_lu mqZklgbdh\ ;ueh g_ljm^gh jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv \bamZevguf b dbg_kl_lbq_kdbf yaudhf k ^jm]bfb [ueb ijh[e_fu >ey f_gy [ueb ljm^gufb g_hij_^_e_ggu_ keh\Z ;ueh hsms_gb_ bkdmkkl\_gghklb lZdh]h h[s_gby g_ fh]m ih\_jblvqlhhghfh`_l[ulvwnn_dlb\gufK=hjbgY ]h\hjbeh ij_h^he_gbb[Zjv_jZ \Zr_c kh[kl\_gghc fh^Zevghklb b l_ ljm^ghklb k dhlhjufb \u klhedgmebkv ijhklh mdZaZeb\ZfgZl_h[eZklb]^_\Zf_s_ij_^klhblmkh\_jr_gkl\h\ZlvkyGmZ ihih\h^m bkdmkkl\_gghklb h[s_gby Y ^h[Z\ex \Zf _s_ h^bg Zj]mf_gl ijbf_j : Kblgbdh\Z Wlh kemqZ_lky dh]^Z fu kfhljbf l_e_\babhgguc j_ihjlZ` b \g_aZigh bkq_aZ_l bah[jZ`_gb_>bdlhjdhlhjuckb^bllZfgZklZ^bhg_iulZ_lky\ZfjZkkdZaZlv lh qlh hg \b^blIhkfhljbl_ dZdhc m^Zj : qlh \u \b^bl_" <u \b^bl_ f_evdZgb_ ?keb [u ^bdlhj agZe qlh \u \ wlh \j_fy g_ \b^bl_ bah[jZ`_gb_ hg [u ij_^klZ\be k_[y jZ^bhj_ihjl_jhfb gZqZei_j_^Z\ZlvbgnhjfZpbxlZdqlh[u\uij_^klZ\bebHg\_^_l ijZ\hcgh]hcfyqe_lblkx^ZQlh[ug_[uehlZdIhkfhljbl_dZdbgl_j_kghgZ^h `_ dZdhc Qlh[u wlh]h g_ \hagbdeh gm`gh bgnhjfZpbx \k_]^Z hj]Zgbah\u\Zlv hl dhffmgbdZlhjZijb_fgbdZG_i_j_^Z\ZlvgZlhc\heg_gZdhlhjucm^h[ghi_j_^Z\Zlv Z i_j_^Z\Zlv gZ lhc \heg_ gZ dhlhjhc m^h[gh \hkijbgbfZlv ?keb y i_j_^Zf bgnhjfZpbx \ lhc fh^Zevghklb \ dhlhjhc \ ^Zgguc fhf_gl jZ[hlZ_l fhc iZjlg_j ihemqZ_lky lZd `_ dZd \ kbkl_f_ ^_dh^bjh\Zgby p\_lZ Y dh^bjmx kb]gZe \ lhc `_ kbkl_f_dh^bjh\dbp\_lZ\ dhlhjhchg^_dh^bjm_llhl`_kZfuckb]gZe?keby dh^bjmx \ kbkl_f_ I:E Z hg ^_dh^bjm_l \ kbkl_f_ K?D:F lh ihemqZ_lky q_jgh[_eh_ bah[jZ`_gb_G_lZdyjdbfhb^h\hûb m[_`^_gbyB \jyêbhg\hkijbf_lfhbkeh\Z dZd hq_gv \Z`gmx bgnhjfZpbx B bf_ggh êy wlh]h gm`gh bkihevah\Zlv lm fh^Zevghklv dhlhjZy ijhbkoh^bl \ g_f <hh[s_ aZf_qZl_evgh qlh kms_kl\mxl bg^bdZlhju dhlhju_ iha\heyxl magZlv \ dZdhc fh^Zevghklb jZ[hlZ_l iZjlg_j Ihgylb_ h \gmlj_ggbo kljZl_]byo G_ kms_kl\m_l q_eh\_dZ dhlhjuc [u ihevah\Zeky h^ghcfh^ZevghklvxgZ\k_kemqZb`bagbFulhevdhij_îhqblZ_fh^gmfh^ZevghklvZ ihevam_fky \k_fb lj_fy ijbq_f ^_eZ_f wlh \ dZdhclh ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb êy hdhgqZl_evgh]hijbgylbyj_r_gbyWlZihke_^h\Zl_evghklvbg^b\b^mZevgZyêydZ`^hc ]jmiiuaZ^Zqdhlhju_fuj_rZ_fgZau\Z_lky\gmlj_gg_ckljZl_]b_cLZdgZijbf_j dh]^Z y ibrm wlm dgb]m lh dZ`^Zy njZaZ \gZqZe_ hlkueZ_l f_gy \ Zm^bZevgmx fh^Zevghklv y \kihfbgZx qlh ]h\hjbe gZ k_fbgZj_ b h q_f f_gy kijZrb\Zeb kemrZl_eb Ihke_ wlh]h y i_j_oh`m \ ajbl_evgmx fh^Zevghklv ij_^klZ\eyy k_[_ dZd [m^_l\u]ey^_lvgZ[mfZ]_gZi_qZlZggZynjZaZB aZl_fy h[jZsZxkvd dbg_kl_lbq_kdhc fh^Zevghklb iulZykv ihqm\kl\h\Zlv [m^_l eb l_dkl bgl_j_kguf b ihgylguf ?keb g_ bkihevah\Zlv gZa\Zgby fh^Zevghkl_c lh fhx kljZl_]bx fh`gh hibkZlv lZd keurm \b`mqm\kl\mx WlZ kljZl_]by [m^_l jZ[hlZlv m f_gy ijb gZibkZgbb ex[h]h l_dklZ ibkvfZklZlvbaZibkdb< ^jm]hckblmZpbbkdZ`_fijb\u[hj_iZjlg_jrbêylZgpZy [m^mihevah\Zlvky^jm]hckljZl_]b_c\b`mqm\kl\mx]h\hjxk_[_\b`mkbfiZlbqgmx `_gsbgmqm\kl\mxqlhhgZfg_ijbylgZ]h\hjxk_[_qlhbf__lkfukeijb]eZkblv__ gZ lZg_p >ey jZaguo aZ^Zq jZagu_ kljZl_]bb ijb gZibkZgbb l_dklZ y ihevamxkv i_j\hc Z ijb]eZrZy dh]heb[h ijh\_klb kh fghc \j_fy \lhjhc >ey ijhkluo aZ^Zq kljZl_]by lh`_ fh`_l [ulv ijhklhc \dexqZxs_c \ k_[y g_ ljb Z ^\_ fh^Zevghklb \b`mqm\kl\mxkeurmqm\kl\mxIjZdlbq_kdmxp_gghklvbf__lkljZl_]byijbgylby j_r_gbc \Zrbf ^_eh\uf iZjlg_jhf ijb aZdexq_gbb k^_edb ihîbkZgbb ^h]h\hjZ D kqZklvx ex^b lhqgh lZd `_ g_ kdju\Zxl k\hb \gmlj_ggb_ kljZl_]bb dZd g_ kdju\Zxl k\hx \_^msmx fh^Zevghklv kljZl_]bb h[hagZqZxlky ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvx ^\b`_gby ]eZaguo y[ehd \ i_jbh^ h[^mfu\Zgby \Zr_]h ^_eh\h]h ij_êh`_gby beb lbibqghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvx keh\ij_^bdZlh\ dhlhjmx \Zr iZjlg_j kh\_jr_ggh kihdhcgh ^himkdZ_lijbjZa]h\hj_GZ\udbkihevah\Zgby\gmlj_gg_fkljZl_]bb^_eh\h]hiZjlg_jZ y\ey_lky [he__ keh`guf ih kjZ\g_gbx k ij_û^msbfb b gZ k_fbgZj_ ihk\ys_gghf l_f_ ]bighaZ _]h g_ hljZ[Zlu\Zeb Ijbf_j bkihevah\Zgby lZdh]h gZ\udZ y \k_ `_ ijb\_^m wlh hiylv ijbf_j : Kblgbdh\Z Y ohl_e jZkkdZaZlv h^bg ijbf_j hq_gv ihgylguc êy [bag_kf_gh\ M gZk [ueZ g_h[oh^bfhklv ^h]h\hjblvky k hq_gv \Z`guf q_eh\_dhf Fu \klj_lbebkv k gbf b \ukdZaZeb \k_ gZrb ^h\hû : hg ]h\hjbl KemrZcl_ j_[ylZ y ^mfZx gZf g_ h q_f k \Zfb jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv Fu g_ [m^_f k \Zfb ]h\hjblv Fu ihkemrZeb _]h e_dpbx GZ e_dpbb hg ^_eZe lZdhc iZll_jg rZ[ehg kl_j_hlbi^\b`_gb_Y ih^mfZeqlhwlh[ueh[uhq_gvyjdh_keb[uwlh[uehe_]dh bkihegy_lky \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo fh^Zevghklyo B lZdb_ iZll_jgu m g_]h ih\lhjyebkv ihklhygghFuihôh^bfd g_fmihke_e_dpbbb ]h\hjbfFu\Zkk_cqZkihkemrZebb m gZk\hagbdehij_^klZ\e_gb_qlhm gZk_klv\hafh`ghklbêyl_kgh]hkhljm^gbq_kl\Z FukZfbg_h`b^ZebqlhhggZflZdhl\_lblJ_[ylZ\hllZd[ukjZamb kdZaZebFu g_ ^h[Z\beb gb h^gh]h ^h\h^Z Fu ijhklh ^Zeb _fm \hafh`ghklv \hkijbgylv bgnhjfZpbx \ ihgylghf êy g_]h \b^_ Hg m\b^_e \k_ lZd dZd hg \b^bl bgnhjfZpbx ihgylgmx _fm B dZd ihgylgmx bgnhjfZpbx khhl\_lkl\mxsbf h[jZahf hp_gbe Ba ijb\_^_ggh]h ijbf_jZ ihgylgh qlh bkihevah\Zgb_ \gmlj_gg_c kljZl_]bb ^_eh\h]h iZjlg_jZk\h^blkyd hj]ZgbaZpbbkh[kl\_ggh]hkhh[s_gbylZdbfkihkh[hfqlh[u\ wlhf khh[s_gbb keh\Zij_^bdZlu q_j_^h\Zebkv lZd `_ dZd q_j_^mxlky khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ fh^Zevghklb\ kljZl_]bbiZjlg_jZJ_axf_>eykha^ZgbyjZiihjlZ\u\ i_j\mxhq_j_^v kh]eZkm_l_k\h_ih\_^_gb_k ih\_^_gb_f\Zr_]hiZjlg_jZijbf_gyygZ\udbih^kljhcdb d iha_b ^\b`_gbyf <u fh`_l_ memqrblv jZiihjl ijbf_gyy gZ\udb ijbkh_^bg_gby d g_hkhagZ\Z_fuf iZjlg_jhf nbabheh]bq_kdbf nmgdpbyf gZijbf_j d ûoZgbx <u fh`_l_ k^_eZlv wlh gZijyfmx kh]eZkh\Z\ k\hx nbabheh]bq_kdmx nmgdpbx k ZgZeh]bqghc nmgdpb_c iZjlg_jZ beb g_ijyfuf iml_f kh]eZkh\Z\ k dZdhclh nbabheh]bq_kdhcnmgdpb_ciZjlg_jZ^jm]mxk\hxnmgdpbxj_qv^\b`_gbyb l^ Qlh[ukhojZgblvjZiihjlijbkeh\_kghfh[s_gbb\ubkihevam_l_k\_^_gbyh \_^ms_c fh^ZevghklbiZjlg_jZihemq_ggu_ijbgZ[ex^_gbbaZ^\b`_gb_f_]h]eZaguoy[ehdb ijb ZgZeba_ keh\ij_^bdZlh\ ba _]h j_qb K\hb j_rZxsb_ Zj]mf_glu \u h[yaZl_evgh i_j_\h^bl_gZyaud\_^ms_cfh^ZevghklbiZjlg_jZ<Zr_khh[s_gb_\eby_lgZiZjlg_jZ _s_ wnn_dlb\g__ _keb ijb _]h ihkljh_gbb \u kihkh[gu bkihevah\Zlv \gmlj_ggxx kljZl_]bxiZjlg_jZdhlhjmxhgijbf_gy_lijbjZ[hl_k ^Zgghc]jmiihcijh[e_fIhke_ ih^kljhcdb \u fh`_l_ mijZ\eylv iZjlg_jhf \_klb _]h \ gm`ghf \Zf gZijZ\e_gbb ihkl_i_ggh f_gyy _]h ih\_^_gb_ b nbabheh]bq_kdb_ nmgdpbb ihkj_^kl\hf baf_g_gbc k\h_]hih\_^_gby =E:<:G:<?>?GB?=BIGHLBQ?KDH=HLJ:GK:I?J<:YKLMI?GV G_dhlhju_b^_bwjbdkhgbZgkdh]h]bighaZ Bgh]^Z kijZrb\Zxl dZdZy jZagbpZ f_`^m ]bighlbq_kdbf kghf b ]bighlbq_kdbf ljZgkhf JZagbpu a^_kv g_l fu ]h\hjbf h[ h^ghf b lhf `_ y\e_gbb ijhklh l_hjby k\_jo[h^jkl\h\Zgbyg_lj_[m_lkeh\Zkhgêyh[hagZq_gby]bighlbq_kdbbaf_g_ggh]h khklhygbykhagZgby[he__mf_klguf\ jZfdZowlhcl_hjbbihdZaZehkvgZa\Zgb_ljZgk Keh\h ljZgk \aylh ba ikbobZljbb ]^_ bf gZau\Zxl ke_^mxsbc kbfilhf [hevghc \ l_q_gb_g_kdhevdbofbgmlkh\_jrZ_l\g_rg_hkfuke_ggu_^_ckl\byg_hkhagZ\Zywlh]h g_ hl^Z\Zy hlq_lZ k\hbf ^_ckl\byf g_ ihfgy h gbo \ihke_^kl\bb LZd gZijbf_j \ khklhygbbljZgkZ[hevghc\g_aZigh[_`bldm^Zlhb ihlhfbkdj_gg_g_^hmf_\Z_ldZdhg hqmlbeky \ ^jm]hf f_kl_ =bighlbq_kdbc ljZgk dZd b ]bighlbq_kdbc khg fh`_l [ulv ]em[hdbf b ih\_joghklguf =em[hdbc ljZgk dhlhjuc ihdZau\Zxl gZ kp_g_ wkljZ^gu_ ]bighlba_ju êy ijZdlbq_kdbo p_e_c gm`_g ^h\hevgh j_^dh ^Z`_ \ f_^bpbg_ qZs_ ^hklZlhqgh e_]dh]h ljZgkZ JZagu_ gZa\Zgby g_ _^bgkl\_ggh_ jZaebqb_ f_`^m deZkkbq_kdbf b wjbdkhgbZgkdbf ]bighahf LZd deZkkbq_kdbc ]bigha h[uqgh jZkkfZljb\ZxldZdijhp_kkmijZ\e_gbyih^Z\e_gbydhfZg^h\Zgbydh]^Zh^bgq_eh\_d ijbdZau\Z_l Z ^jm]hc \uihegy_l ijbdZau < wjbdkhgbZgkdhf ]bigha_ ijbgylh ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h ljZgk_ dZd j_amevlZl_ khljm^gbq_kl\Z \u kha^Z_l_ ljZgk \f_kl_ k iZjlg_jhf Djhf_ lh]h Fbelhg Wjbdkhg kqblZe ljZgk _kl_kl\_gguf khklhygb_f q_eh\_dZ H^gZ ba ijbgZê_`Zsbo _fm nhjfmebjh\hd lZdh\Z ljZgk wlh khklhygb_ k h]jZgbq_gguf nhdmkhf \gbfZgby dh]^Z \gbfZgb_ q_eh\_dZ gZijZ\e_gh ij_bfms_kl\_ggh \gmljv Z g_ \h \g_rgbc fbj Wjbdkhg kqblZe lZd`_ qlh m q_eh\_dZ _klv ihlj_[ghklv \ ljZgk_ lZd `_ dZd _klv ihlj_[ghklv \ kg_ ihkdhevdm bf_ggh \ khklhygbbljZgkZq_eh\_dh[jZsZ_lkyd \gmlj_gg_fmhiulmb hj]Zgbam_l_]hlZdqlh[u baf_gblv k\hx ebqghklv \ gm`ghf gZijZ\e_gbb ebrblv q_eh\_dZ ljZgkZ agZqbl ebrblv_]h\hafh`ghklbhj]Zgbah\Zlvk\hc\gmlj_ggbchiulB _s_h^gZ\Z`gZyb^_y g_klhbl\hkijbgbfZlvljZgkdZdp_ev\Zr_]h\aZbfh^_ckl\byk iZjlg_jhfLjZgk awlh lhevdh bgkljmf_gl iha\heyxsbc mkbeblv j_Zdpbb iZjlg_jZ K\h_c p_eb \u ^h[b\Z_l_kv mkbeb\Zy gm`gu_ \Zf j_Zdpbb iZjlg_jZ Kha^Zgb_ ljZgkZ kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ K =hjbg Bkoh^y ba hij_^_e_gby ljZgkZ dZd khklhygby k h]jZgbq_gguf nhdmkhf \gbfZgby fh`gh ihgylv b ijbgylv _]h _kl_kl\_gghklv êy q_eh\_dZ < kZfhf ^_e_ kms_kl\m_l fZkkZ kblmZpbc dh]^Z \u i_j_klZ_l_ h[jZsZlv \gbfZgb_ gZ \g_rgbc fbjhdjm`Zxsbc\Zkb moh^bl_\ k_[yWlhfh`_l[ulvh[mkeh\e_ghg_lhevdhl_f qlh \gmljb \Zk ijhbkoh^bl g_qlh djZcg_ bgl_j_kgh_ gh b l_f qlh \h \g_rg_f fbj_ gbq_]h bgl_j_kgh]h g_ ijhbkoh^bl Ihijh[mcl_ gZclb ijbf_ju kblmZpbc ijh\hpbjmxsbo moh^ \ k_[y Hl\_lu ba aZeZ H`b^Zgb_ Z\lh[mkZ gZ hklZgh\d_ Klhygb_ \ hq_j_^b M `_gsbg ihk_s_gb_ iZjbdfZo_jkdhc Ih_a^dZ \ Z\lh[mk_ gZ jZ[hlmihh^ghfmb lhfm`_fZjrjmlmQl_gb_bgl_j_kghcdgb]bK=hjbgFh`gh[ueh [u ijh^he`blv kibkhd gh ^hklZlhqgh Wlhl moh^ \ k_[y bf__l g_dhlhju_ h[sb_ êy \k_o ex^_c ijhy\e_gby dhlhju_ \Zf gm`gh gZmqblvky aZf_qZlv >Z\Zcl_ k^_eZ_f hq_j_^gh_mijZ`g_gb_MijZ`g_gb_1R<uihegy_lky\ iZjZoIZjlg_j: kijZrb\Z_l iZjlg_jZ ; h l_o keh\Zo dhlhjufb lhl h[hagZqZ_l k\h_ khklhygb_ moh^Z \ k_[y k dhlhjufbhgk\yau\Z_lwlhkhklhygb_>eyijbf_jZHe_]gZah\bgZflZdbokeh\ He_]LbrbgZl_iehihdhchlkmlkl\bygZijy`_gby\ l_e_fhyihkl_evkf_o\ aZe_ K =hjbg Ij_djZkguc gZ[hj Ihke_ lh]h dZd \u ihemqbeb hl\_l iZjlg_jZ ; aZibrbl_ _]h keh\Z AZl_f ij_êh`bl_ _fm k_klv m^h[gh aZdjulv ]eZaZ Ih^kljhcl_kv d _]h ûoZgbxb g_]jhfdbf]hehkhfihkl_i_gghaZf_êyyj_qvb ^_eZy[he__êbggu_iZmau qblZcl__fmwlhlkibkhdkgZqZeZ\ lhcihke_^h\Zl_evghklbdhlhjmx^Ze\ZfiZjlg_j ; ihlhf \ ijhba\hevghc AZcfbl_kv wlbf fbgmlu gZ[ex^Zy aZ baf_g_gb_f khklhygby iZjlg_jZ aZl_f k^_eZcl_ iZmam b ij_êh`bl_ iZjlg_jm \_jgmlvky d _]h h[uqghfm khklhygbx khagZgby Ihke_ wlh]h ihf_gycl_kv jheyfb b ijh^_eZcl_ mijZ`g_gb_ _s_ jZa GZqbgZcl_ IjbagZdb ljZgkZ ]bighlbq_kdb_ n_ghf_gu K =hjbg L_i_jvdh]^ZmijZ`g_gb_\uiheg_ghfh`ghgZa\Zlv\k_k\hbfbbf_gZfb\ugZ\h^beb gZ iZjlg_jZ e_]dbc mq_gbq_kdbc ljZgk b \Zr_c aZ^Zq_c [ueh aZf_lblv g_dhlhju_ h[sb_ _]h ijbagZdb BlZd qlh ijhbkoh^bl k q_eh\_dhf dhlhjh]h \u ih]jm`Z_l_ \ ]bighlbq_kdbcljZgk"Hl\_lubaaZeZHgjZkkeZ[ey_lkyM g_]hklZgh\blkykihdhcguf ebphKlZgh\blkykihdhcgufûoZgb_HgaZfbjZ_lK=hjbgIj_djZkghgZfhklZehkv kbkl_fZlbabjh\Zlv m\b^_ggh_ I_j\h_ y\e_gb_ jZkkeZ[e_gb_ furp ebpZ b \k_]h l_eZ EbphklZgh\blky[he__kbff_ljbqguf\ khklhygbb[h^jkl\h\Zgby furpu ebpZ [he__ bebf_g__gZijy`_ggu_kha^Zxlg_dhlhjmxg_kbff_ljbqghklvjZa]eZ`b\ZxlkydZdb_ lh kdeZ^db fhjsbgdb >uoZgb_ klZgh\blky kihdhcg__ ?keb [u \u kijhkbeb iZjlg_jZh kZfhqm\kl\bb lh \hafh`gh b ^Z`_ kdhj__ \k_]h ihemqbeb [u hl\_l h lhf qlh _fm klZeh kihdhcg__ b m^h[g__ Gh \ dZq_kl\_ j_amevlZlZ gZ[ex^_gby keh\h kihdhcg__ g_ ]h^blky wlh hp_gdZ : \u gZ[ex^Zeb [he__ j_^dh_ b [he__ ]em[hdh_ ûoZgb_ iZjlg_jZ \lhjhc ijbagZd ljZgkZ IZjlg_j aZfbjZ_l M g_]h ij_djZsZxlky ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby hg khojZgy_l ijbgylmx \gZqZe_ iham hg g_ih^\b`_g Wlh lj_lbcijbagZdljZgkZB [ueb_s_dZdb_lhf_edb_y\e_gbyh dhlhjuo\ug_kdZaZeb GZijbf_j djhf_ lh]h qlh ebph jZkkeZ[behkv hgh _s_ b ihjhah\_eh Baf_g_gb_ p\_lZ dh`b gZ ebp_ wlh aZf_lg__ ihkdhevdm hgh g_ ihdjulh h^_`^hc q_l\_jluc ijbagZd ljZgkZ Dh`Z g_ lhevdh f_gy_l p\_l hgZ klZgh\blky [he__ \eZ`ghc \iehlv ^h \ujZ`_gghc ihleb\hklb iyluc ijbagZd GZ nhg_ h[s_c jZkkeZ[e_gghklb furp \u fh]eb gZ[ex^Zlv g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby g_ hkhagZ\Z_fu_ g_ bf_xsb_ khagZl_evghcp_ebHgb[u\Zxlf_edbfb\jh^_ih^jZ]b\Zgbybebr_\_e_gbyiZevp_\b dbkl_c jmd Z [u\Zxl djmigufb db\Zgb_ ]heh\hc ieZ\Zxsb_ ^\b`_gby jmdZfb \a^jZ]b\Zgb_ \k_]h l_eZ G_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby lh`_ ijyfh_ mdZaZgb_ gZ ljZgk >Z h[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ gZ j_kgbpu iZjlg_jZ ijb aZdjuluo ]eZaZo hgb f_edh ih^jZ]b\Zxl Z k gZqZehf ljZgkZ klZgh\ylky g_ih^\b`gufb aZklu\Zxl ?keb iZjlg_j \hr_e \ ljZgk k hldjulufb ]eZaZfb m g_]h klZgh\blky hq_gv j_^dbf fb]Zgb_ B gZdhg_p \ ljZgk_ mj_`Zxlky beb iheghklvx ij_djZsZxlky ]ehlZl_evgu_ ^\b`_gby k]eZlu\Zgb_ kexgu Ihgylgh qlh agZlv wlb ijbagZdb gm`gh ijhklh êy lh]h qlh[u m\b^_lv lhl ljZgk dhlhjuc \u m`_ kha^Zeb Gh bo agZq_gb_ khklhbl _s_ b \ lhf qlh khh[sZy h gbo iZjlg_jm h l_o ijbagZdZo ljZgkZ dhlhju_ \u m g_]h gZ[ex^Z_l_ \ ^Zgguc fhf_gl \u m]em[ey_l_ ljZgk b mdj_iey_l_ jZiihjl Hibku\Zy \kemo gZ[ex^Z_fu_\ZfijbagZdbljZgkZ\u\k_\j_fy]h\hjbl_ijZ\^miZjlg_jfh`_lkjZam ijh\_jblvkhhl\_lkl\b_\Zrbokeh\b k\hbohsms_gbbb m[_^blvky\ lhfqlh\Zffh`gh ijh^he`Zlv ^h\_jylv \u aZ[hlbl_kv h g_f B ljZgk m]em[ey_lky Wlh fh`gh ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlv ?keb y ijhklh ]h\hjx qlh GZlZrZ k_cqZk kb^bl hibjZykv gZ kibgdm ^b\ZgZ aZ]h\hjbe f_ê_gg__ ih^kljZb\Zykv d ûoZgbx GZlZrb qlh __ e_\Zy jmdZijbdZkZ_lkydhe[mb qlhGZlZrZfh`_lihqm\kl\h\Zlvwlhijbdhkgh\_gb_qlh__ ijZ\Zy gh]Z e_`bl gZ e_\hc ihkl_i_ggh mf_gvrbe ]jhfdhklv ]hehkZ b fh`gh ihqm\kl\h\Zlv l_ieh lZf ]^_ gh]b khijbdZkZxlky lh y \k_ \j_fy ]h\hjx ijZ\^m B GZlZrZ fh`_l wlh ijh\_jblv ijb wlhf dZd \b^bl_ hgZ aZfbjZ_l b ijb fb]Zgbb __ ]eZaZ \k_ ^hevr_ hklZxlky aZdjulufb <iheg_ \hafh`gh qlh hgZ \hh[s_ aZohq_l aZdjulv ]eZaZ k^_eZe ^he]mx iZmam aZl_f \_jgmeky d ij_`g_c ]jhfdhklb b kdhjhklb j_qbB wlhfh`ghdZdlhbkihevah\ZlvG_agZxaZf_qZeb\ubebg_lghex^yfqZklh ohq_lky aZdjulv ]eZaZ Wlh gZau\Z_lky fb]Zgb_f _kylviylgZ^pZlv ijhp_glh\ ex^_c kb^ysbo \ aZe_ kh]eZkylky k \Zfb ihkdhevdm bf \ wlhl fhf_gl ^_ckl\bl_evgh ohl_ehkv aZdjulv ]eZaZ Gh lZdhc ihôh^ d ]bigham y\ey_lky kj_^g_klZlbklbq_kdbf Z \Zf gZ^h gZmqblvky jZ[hlZlv k h^gbf _^bgkl\_gguf dhgdj_lguf q_eh\_dhf dhlhjh]h \u \klj_lbeb \i_j\u_ \ `bagb <Zf gZ^hgZmqblvky\ l_q_gb_lj_ofbgmlgZ\h^blvljZgkbkihevah\Zlv_]hb mclbd k_[_k gm`guf \Zf j_amevlZlhf \ jmdZo L_i_jv ^Z\Zcl_ ih]h\hjbf h g_dhlhjuo y\e_gbyo [he__k\hckl\_gguokjZ\gbl_evgh]em[hdhfmljZgkmH gbo\Zflh`_ke_^m_lagZlvlZd dZd\ wlhfagZgbb[m^_lb ijZdlbq_kdZyihevaZL_[he__bebf_g__m^b\bl_evgu_\_sb dhlhju_ klZgh\ylky \hafh`gufb \ ]bighlbq_kdhf khklhygbb b h dhlhjuo y ihdZ jZkkdZ`m hq_gv djZldh bf_xl gZa\Zgb_ ]bighlbq_kdbo n_ghf_gh\ KZfuc ih`Zemc ba\_klguc ba n_ghf_gh\ ]bighaZ \gmr_ggu_ ]ZeexpbgZpbb q_eh\_dm ij_êZ]Zxl m\b^_lv mkeurZlv ihqm\kl\h\Zlv lh q_]h g_l b hg wlh ^_eZ_l <u agZ_l_ qlh wkljZ^gu_ ]bighlba_ju ex[yl ^Zlv aZ]bighlbabjh\Zgghfm q_eh\_dm emdh\bpm \gmrb\ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh qlh ^Zxl ]jmrm b hg _kl emdh\bpm k gZkeZ`^_gb_f ?keb aZ]bighlbabjh\Zgghfm \gmrZxl qlh \ aZe \hr_e ^bdbc a\_jv q_eh\_d klZjZ_lky kijylZlvky <gmr_gb_ ]ZeexpbgZpbc \ ihgylbyo deZkkbq_kdh]h ]bighaZ kqblZ_lky \hafh`guflhevdh\ kZfhf]em[hdhfljZgk_=hjZa^hf_g__ba\_kl_gohly]hjZa^h[he__ jZkijhkljZg_g ih kjZ\g_gbx k ij_û^msbf n_ghf_g ih^ gZa\Zgb_f bkdZ`_gb_ qm\kl\Z \j_f_gb < ljZgk_ \gmlj_gg__ \j_fy q_eh\_dZ g_ khhl\_lkl\m_l \g_rg_fm h[t_dlb\ghfm \j_f_gb H[uqgh \gmlj_gg__ \j_fy aZf_êy_lky aZ]bighlbabjh\Zgghfm q_eh\_dm dZ`_lky qlh hg ijh\_e \ ljZgk_ g_kdhevdh fbgml Z gZ kZfhf ^_e_ fh]eh ijhclb iheqZkZ beb qZk ?s_ g_kdhevdh ]bighlbq_kdbo n_ghf_gh\ DZlZe_ikbybeb \hkdh\Zy ]b[dhklv khklhbl \ lhf qlh aZ]bighlbabjh\Zgghfm fh`gh ijb^Zlv ex[mx g_m^h[gmx iham b hg khojZgbl __ ihl_jy\ dhgljhev gZ^ ijhba\hevgufb ^\b`_gbyfb Fh`gh khihklZ\blv dZlZe_ikbx k l_f aZfbjZgb_f iZjlg_jZ dhlhjh_ \u \b^_eb \ mijZ`g_gbbwlhlh`_kZfh_y\e_gb_mkbe_ggh_\ g_kdhevdhjZaJ_]j_kkby\hajZklZ aZ]bighlbabjh\Zgghfmfh`gh\gmrblvqlh_]h\hajZklagZqbl_evghf_gvr_gZklhys_]h b hg [m^_l \_klb k_[y dZd j_[_ghd :fg_aby aZ[u\Zgb_ ihke_ \uoh^Z ba ljZgkZ q_eh\_dg_ihfgblh lhfqlhijhbkoh^beh\h\j_fyljZgkZ< ljZgk_ihgb`Z_lky[he_\Zy qm\kl\bl_evghklv ^Z`_ [_a ki_pbZevguo \gmr_gbc Wlh y\e_gby gZau\Z_lky ZgZev]_abyh[_a[heb\Zgb_< q_fh[_sZggZyijZdlbq_kdZyihevaZwlboy\e_gbc"?keb \ deZkkbq_kdhf ]bigha_ ijbgylh kgZqZeZ gZ\h^blv ]em[hdbc ljZgk Z ihlhf \uau\Zlv ]bighlbq_kdb_n_ghf_gulh\ wjbdkhgbZgkdhf]bigha_kms_kl\m_lh[jZlgZyijhp_^mjZ gZ\_^_gb_ ]em[hdh]h ljZgkZ q_j_a \uau\Zgb_ g_dhlhjuo ]bighlbq_kdbo n_ghf_gh\ Iha`_ fu aZcf_fky b wlbf Yaud ]bighaZ Fu ^hklZlhqgh ih^jh[gh jZa[bjZeb k \Zfb lj_[h\Zgby d j_qb ]bighlba_jh\ hklZehkv ijbf_qZgby <hi_j\uo gZmqb\rbkv ]h\hjblv lZd qlh[u fZdkbfZevgh lhqgh ijbkh_^bgblvky d \gmlj_gg_fm hiulm \gmlj_gg_fm fbjm \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZ gZmqbl_kv _s_ b ]h\hjblv fZdkbfZevgh g_hij_^_e_gghlh`_k p_evxemqr_]hijbkh_^bg_gby<h\lhjuodh]^Z\uaZgbfZ_l_kv gZ\_^_gb_f b bkihevah\Zgb_f ljZgkZ gZmqbl_kv ]h\hjblv [_a hljbpZgbc ]h\hjblv [_a g_Qlhy bf_x\ \b^m"Ihi_j\hfmimgdlmdh]^Z\uijbgZ\_^_gbbbebbkihevah\Zgbb ljZgkZ ij_êZ]Z_l_ iZjlg_jm ih]jmablvky \ g_dhlhjh_ i_j_`b\Zgb_ ]h\hjbl_ h[ wlhf i_j_`b\Zgbb hkh[_ggh ih gZqZem ^h\hevgh h[sbfb njZaZfb bkihevamy keh\Z g_ hlghkysb_kyd hij_^_e_gghcfh^Zevghklb^_lZeyfbL_fkZfuf\uhklZ\ey_l_iZjlg_jm k\h[h^gh_ ijhkljZgkl\h dhlhjh_ hg kZf fh`_l aZihegblv dhgdj_lgufb ^_lZeyfb Gm gZijbf_jy qblZxe_dpbbb ]h\hjxh lhfqlhikbohl_jZibyfh`_lj_rblvg_dhlhju_ ijh[e_fug_dhlhjuoex^_cIhke_e_dpbbdhfg_ihôh^blq_eh\_db kijZrb\Z_l<u h fhboijh[e_fZo]h\hjbeb"IhgbfZ_l_gb \ugb yg_mf__fqblZlvfukebijhklh\ fh_c g_hij_^_e_gghc njZa_ q_eh\_d gZr_e k\h_ kh[kl\_ggh_ kh^_j`Zgb_ hg gZihegbe fhx njZam l_f qlh êy g_]h [ueh ZdlmZevgh DklZlb gZ _]h \hijhk y \_^v g_ klZe hl\_qZlv i_l y kdZaZe _fm < lhf qbke_ b Ijb gZ\_^_gbb ljZgkZ \u fh`_l_ k^_eZlv lZdh_ hibkZgb_ Lu qm\kl\m_rv l_ieh k\h_c ijZ\hc jmdb e_`Zs_c gZ ijZ\hf [_^j_ Wlh kjZ[Zlu\Z_l kiehrv b jy^hf wlh gZ ijhp_glh\ fh`_l kh\iZ^Zlv k ^_ckl\bl_evguf i_j_`b\Zgb_f iZjlg_jZ gh qlh \u [m^_l_ ^_eZlv _keb hg qm\kl\m_l oheh^ ijZ\hc jmdb" >ey gZqZeZ \k_ `_ emqr_ [ueh [u kdZaZlv Lu qm\kl\m_rv l_fi_jZlmjm ijZ\hc jmdb L_fi_jZlmjZ [he__ h[s__ keh\h [he__ h[sZy oZjZdl_jbklbdZ q_f l_ieh DZdZylh l_fi_jZlmjZ m jmdb \k_ jZ\gh _klv Keh\Z g_hij_^_e_ggu_ g_ hlghkysb_ky d dhgdj_lghc fh^Zevghklb g_ dhgdj_lbabjmxsb_ kblmZpbxihdhcmfbjhl\hj_gghklvdhfnhjlkihdhckl\b_khkj_^hlhq_gghklvb ^j hq_gvm^h[guijbgZ\_^_gbbljZgkZbf_gghk\h_cmgb\_jkZevghklvxBsbl_lZdb_keh\Z b lZdb_hibkZgbybkihevamcl_bohgbh[yaZl_evghkhhl\_lkl\mxl\gmlj_gg_fmhiulm iZjlg_jZdhg_qgh\Zrihdhcb _]hihdhcjZagu_ihgylbyghkdZaZ\keh\hihdhc\u \k_lZdbkdZaZeblhqlhhgfh`_lihgylvb ijbgylvG_aZklZ\eycl_iZjlg_jZ[ulv[he__ ]b[dbf\ h[s_gbbq_f\ukZfbg_aZklZ\eycl__]hih^kljZb\Zlvkyd \Zf<lhjhcimgdl bkdexq_gb_ hljbpZgbc ba j_qb M hljbpZgbc _klv bgl_j_kgh_ k\hckl\h hgb kms_kl\mxl \ yaud_ gh g_ \ ih^khagZgbb Ihwlhfm ]h\hjbl_ iZjlg_jm lh q_]h \u hl g_]h ohlbl_ Z g_ lh q_]h hg g_ ^he`_g ^_eZlv ?keb \u]h\hjbl_ j_[_gdm DZdhc lu rmfguck_]h^gyg_rmfbahgg_mkihdZb\Z_lkyhggZqbgZ_lrmf_lv_s_[hevr_Wlh ^h\hevgh h[s__ ijZ\beh _keb \u hibku\Z_l_ q_eh\_dm lh qlh \u m g_]h k_cqZk gZ[ex^Z_l_wlh[m^_laZdj_ie_ghY ^mfZxqlhdh]^Zj_[_gdZh[km`^Zxl\ rdhe_gZ i_^kh\_l_b ]h\hjyl_fmLuomeb]Zglu]jm[bygl_fkZfufaZdj_ieyxlbf_ggh l_dZq_kl\Zhldhlhjuoohl_eb[uba[Z\blvkyY ij_êh`m\ZfêybeexkljZpbbijbf_j >`=jbg^_jZ KdZ`bl_ qlh \u ij_^klZ\ey_l_ k_[_ dh]^Z keurbl_ njZam Kh[ZdZ g_ ]hgblkyaZdhrdhc"Hl\_lubaaZeZKh[ZdZklhblb dhrdZklhblKh[ZdZkihdhcghb^_l b dhrdZ kihdhcgh b^_l g_ h[jZsZ_l \gbfZgby Kh[ZdZ ]gZeZkv aZ dhrdhc b hgb h[_ bkq_aeb K =hjbg Lh _klv njZaZ bf_xsZy kfuke êy khagZgby g_ bf__l gbdZdh]h kfukeZ êy ih^khagZgby êy \Zr_]h \gmlj_gg_]h fbjZ Eb[h hgb h[_ klhyl eb[h bkq_aZxl \hafh`gu \ZjbZglu LZdbf h[jZahf \f_klh lh]h qlh[u ]h\hjblv M \Zk g_l wlh]h wlh]h b lh]h lh`_ g_l emqr_ kdZaZlv h lhf qlh ^he`gh [ulv h lhf qlh _klv <Zk gbqlh g_ [_kihdhbl g_ \hegm_l g_ lj_\h`bl deZkkbq_kdZy njZaZ deZkkbq_kdbo]bighlba_jh\Ghêylh]hqlh[uihgylvdZdwlhf_gygbqlhg_[_kihdhbl y ^he`_g kgZqZeZ ih[_kihdhblvky Z ihlhf m[jZlv wlh g_ lZd eb" Emqr_ kdZaZlv <u fh`_l_ ihqm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y qmlv [he__ jZkkeZ[e_gguf kihdhcguf b aZsbs_gguf AgZ_l_ ihdZ qlh y g_ gZr_e aZf_gu [_a hljbpZgby h^ghfm_^bgkl\_gghfm keh\m g_dmjysbc A^_kv hdZaZeZkv kebrdhf ijhqgZy k\yav K g_ivxsbf lZf ihgylgh aZf_ghc [m^_l lj_a\_ggbd Z \hl k g_dmjysbf lZd b fZxkv J_iebdZ ba aZeZ _eh \ lhf qlh a^hjh\uc h[jZa `bagb kebrdhf rbjhdh_ ihgylb_ Lj_a\uc \aZf_g g_ivxs_]h ihôh^bl fgh]h emqr_ ihlhfm qlh lj_a\hklv ijyfZy ijhlb\hiheh`ghklv ivygkl\m B lZdhc `_ ijyfhc ijhlb\hiheh`ghklb dmj_gbx [_a wlh]h yaudh\h]h dhjgy dmj y gZclb g_ fh]m Kh[kl\_ggh y g_ij_êZ]Ze \Zf wlh dZd aZ^Zqm y ijhklh lZd ih`Zeh\Zeky J_iebdZ ba aZeZ M \Zk qbklu_ e_]db_ K =hjbg DZdb_ hgb qbklu_ _keb m f_gy ojhgbq_kdbc [jhgobl" kf_o \ aZe_ EZ^gh _keb ohlbl_ ihbsbl_ gZ ^hkm]_ qlhgb[m^v [he__ ihôh^ys__ BlZd ijb gZ\_^_gbb b bkihevah\Zgbb ljZgkZ Z lZd`_ ijb dhgkljmbjh\Zgbb ex[h]h gm`gh]h \Zf khklhygby iZjlg_jZ ke_^m_l ihevah\Zlvky keh\Zfb\hi_j\uog_hij_^_e_ggufbb \h\lhjuobf_xsbfblhevdhdhgkljmdlb\gmx gZijZ\e_gghklv Fh`gh kdZaZlv Ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ qlh \u kb^bl_ gZ klme_ aZ klhehf ihdjuluf djZkghc de__gdhc \ [_emx de_lhqdm b _^bl_ dmkhd HklZgdbgkdhc dhe[Zku \_khf\ ]jZffh\ih^`Zj_ggucgZkeb\hqghffZke_wlhh^ghhibkZgb_: fh`gh kdZaZlv Ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ qlh \u \ m^h[ghc iha_ ijbgbfZ_l_ ibsm wlh \lhjh_ hibkZgb_ <h \lhjhf hibkZgbb hrb[blvky ihqlb g_\hafh`gh hgh [he__ mgb\_jkZevgh ?keb \ k\h_f \gmlj_gg_f i_j_`b\Zgbb \Zr iZjlg_j ij_îhqblZxl \kihfbgZlv dZd hg e_`bl gZ ^b\Zg_ b _kl khe_gmx ju[m k ib\hf lh \lhjh_ hibkZgb_ ihôh^bl b d wlhc kblmZpbbb ih^hc^_l_s_d khlg_^jm]boB _s_ihih\h^mhljbpZgbcOm^rZymkem]Z dhlhjmx \u fh`_l_ dhfmeb[h hdZaZlv wlh djbdgmlv G_ ihkdhevagbkv q_eh\_dm dhlhjucb^_l ih ev^m <Zr_ G_ ihkdhevagbkv hagZqZ_l qlh iZjlg_j ^he`_g kgZqZeZ ij_^klZ\blv\h\gmlj_gg_fhiul_qlhlZdh_ihkdhevagbkvb lhevdhihlhfg_k^_eZlv wlh]hlh_klv\u^ZebiZjlg_jmijyfmxdhfZg^mihkdhevagmlvky;u\ZxlkemqZbdh]^Z emqr_^Z\ZlvdhfZgûq_j_ahljbpZgbygh\u^he`guihgbfZlvqlhbf_ggh\u^_eZ_l_ ^Z\Zy dhfZg^m k hljbpZgb_f < kmsghklb \k_ kdZaZggh_ ^h kbo ihj fh`gh hoZjZdl_jbah\Zlv b lZd \ jZ[hl_ k iZjlg_jhf gm`gZ lsZl_evghklv \ hl[hj_ keh\ b bgkljmdpbc Mqlbl_ qlh keh\h kdZaZggh_ q_eh\_dm \ lh \j_fy dh]^Z hg gZoh^blky \ khklhygbb ljZgkZ bf__l kh\_jr_ggh hkh[mx kbem Hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ ^_ckl\by wlhc kbeue_`blgZ\Zk\ZriZjlg_j\hafh`ghgbdh]^Zg_ihcf_lhldm^Zm g_]h\ayeZkv hij_^_e_ggZyb^_ybebhij_^_e_ggu_\hkihfbgZgbyhgfh`_l[ulvbkdj_gg_m[_`^_g\ lhf qlh gbdZdh]h ljZgkZ g_ [ueh hg kb^_e b obobdZe gZ^ \Zfb >Z hg g_ ihfgbl gbq_]hba \Zr_c j_qb gh dZdh_ wlh bf__l agZq_gb_" H^bgjZa y lZd `_ dZd \u k_cqZk ^_eZe mijZ`g_gby gZ k_fbgZj_ b h]h\hjbeky < j_amevlZl_ m dhee_]b [u\r_]h fhbf iZjlg_jhf \ l_q_gb_ ]h^Z gZ[ex^Zebkv gZ\yaqb\u_ \hkihfbgZgby ;u\Zxl kemqZb dh]^Z ihke_^kl\by hrb[hd ]bighlba_jZ ihe_agu h^ghc ba k\hbo iZpb_glhd gZoh^ys_cky \ ljZgk_ y \ dhgp_ k_ZgkZ kdZaZe Gm Z l_i_jv [_]bl_ ^hfhc B hgZ ih[_`ZeZ ^hfhc < wlhf [u g_ [ueh gbq_]h hkh[_ggh]h _keb [u g_ h^gh h[klhyl_evkl\h gZ k_Zgk __ ijb\_aeb gZ fZrbg_ m g__ [ue iZjZebq hgZ oh^blvlh g_ fh]eZg_lhqlh[_]Zlvkf_o\ aZe_<hllZdhrb[_rvkyb klZgh\brvkyqm^hl\hjp_f: [u\Zxl hrb[db g_ klhev aZ[Z\gu_ K h^ghc iZpb_gldhc y jZ[hlZe ih i_j_ibkd_ l_ogbq_kdb a^_kv g_l gbq_]h keh`gh]h k_ZgkZfb \ ibkvfZo i_j_[he_eb fgh]b_ ikbohl_jZi_\luHgZkhh[sbeZfg_k\hc^bZ]ghay agZeqlh__iZjZebqg_bae_qbfgh b \jZfdZog_bae_qbfhklb]bighabgh]^Zihfh]Z_lM wlhc`_gsbgugZijbf_j\ blh]_ bkq_aebijhe_`gbihy\beZkv\hafh`ghklv^\b]Zlvky\ ij_^_eZoihkl_ebêyg__b wlh fgh]hagZqbeh< ibkvfZoy ij_êZ]Ze_cêygZ\_^_gbye_]dh]hljZgkZij_^klZ\blvk_[_ g_dhlhju_ dZjlbgu ijbjhû gm b ykgh qlh êy ijhlb\h^_ckl\by iZjZebqm g_ih^\b`ghklb gh] fg_ ijboh^behkv \klZ\eylv \ l_dkl \gmr_gby keh\Z lbiZ \ha[m`^_gb_ ijbeb\ kbe d gh]Zf \hegZ kbeu ijhoh^ysZy q_j_a \Zr_ l_eh ijbghkysZyjZ^hklvb lhfmih^h[gh_GZ\_jgh_y iehohihjZ[hlZelh]^ZgZ^l_dklhf ihlhfmqlh\f_kl_k memqr_gb_f__kZfhqm\kl\byihy\behkv_s_dh_qlhY ijhqlm\Zf hlju\dbba__ hl\_lguoibk_fIbr_l\ZfLFbeucfhc^hdlhjy khreZk mfZGm aZq_f y ih fgh]h jZa qblZx \Zrb k_Zgku" K_cqZk iheh^bggZ^pZlh]h \_q_jZ hdlhjkfhljxgZ<Zr_nhlhb fg_ohq_lkye_qvih^<Zkq_klgh_ keh\hFbeucfhc^hdlhjhlohl_gbyy \ky^jh`m>hjh]hc^hdlhjKiZlvg_ohqm <Zky ex[exbkdj_gg_dZd^hdlhjZIjhqblZeZk_cqZk^\Z<Zrbok_ZgkZ<b^blkyfg_ dZdgZy\mqlhy \e_kmk <Zfb: dZddjZkb\h\ e_kmAhehlbklu_ebklvygZ^_j_\vyob gZ ljZ\_ih^gh]Zfbfy]dZyljZ\Zgha_e_gZyIZog_lhk_gvxKeurgh^yleZi_j_i_edm <uf_gyihl_jyeb<ubs_l_f_gyb djbqbl_=^_luL"Y [ueZjy^hf\ lj_orZ]Zo Y kf_yeZkvlbohqlh[u<ug_keurZebb kfhlj_eZgZ<ZkdZd<ui_j_`b\ZebGhfg_ g_ohl_ehkvihdZau\Zlvky<Zfb [ueh`Zedh<ZkAhehlbklh_khegp_f_gyfZgbeh\]em[v e_kZ Y g_ ihreZ h^gZ Y lboh dZd ebkZ ih^hreZ d <Zf kaZ^b b <Zk h[gyeZ <u \a^jh]gmeb hl g_h`b^Zgghklb Hl jZ^hklb qlh y gZreZkv <u f_gy h[gyeb b ihp_eh\ZebFurebd j_d_\h^ZlbohklhyeZl_ieZy<ujZa^_ebkvb iju]gmeb\ \h^m Ihlhf \ureb ba \hû f_gy jZa^_eb hklZ\beb gZ fg_ ebnqbd b ieZ\db kdZaZeb GZk gbdlh g_ m\b^bl lml b ih\_eb d j_d_ <u f_gy ijb`Zeb d k_[_ \h^Z [ueZ qmlv \ur_ ihykZ ;hxkv ihdjZkg_lv ihwlhfm pblbjh\Zgb_ aZdZgqb\Zx K \ex[e_gghklvx \ ]bighlba_jZ bgh]^Z ijboh^blky \klj_qZlvky b y ohqm qlh[u \Zf wlh [ueh ba\_klgh gZ^h kdZaZlv qlh a^_kv `_gsbgZ hq_gv l\hjq_kdb ih^hreZ d kh^_j`Zgbx k_Zgkh\ y k l_o ihj \a^jZ]b\Zx _keb keurm h[jZs_gb_ fbeuc ^hdlhj < lhf kemqZ_ ihgZ^h[behkv fgh]h mkbebc qlh[u ba[Z\blv `_gsbgm hl ijb\yaZgghklb BlZd \u g_ ikbohl_jZi_\lu gh \ ihke_^mxsbo mijZ`g_gbyo k iZjlg_jhf \_^bl_ k_[y dZd ikbohl_jZi_\luhl\_lkl\_gghIjb^mfZcl_aZjZg__dZdb_lhg_hij_^_e_ggu_ijbylgu_ bgkljmdpbb dhlhju_ \u ^Z^bl_ iZjlg_jm ihke_ gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ ohly [u ih`_eZcl_ ijbylgh]h ijh[m`^_gby ohjhr_]h kZfhqm\kl\by ihke_ \ha\jZs_gby ba ljZgkZ _keb iZjlg_jg_ihijhkbl^Zlv _fm dZdmxlh ki_pbnbq_kdmx bgkljmdpbx G_ \u^mfu\Zcl_ q_]hlh keh`gh]h ijhklh kdZ`bl_ <u[m^_l_ qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y ohjhrh ihke_ \ha\jZs_gby ba ljZgkZ beb qlhlh \ wlhf jh^_ Ihfgbl_ qlh \u k_cqZk j_rZ_l_ [hevrmxaZ^ZqmgZmqblvky]bighamihdmkhqdZfQlhlhihdZaZehkv\Zfkeh`gufqlh lh ijhkluf Fh]m kdZaZlv qlh lh qlh \Zf dZ`_lky keh`guf \h\k_ g_ keh`gh <u m`_ mf__l_ ijhba\h^blv [eZ]hijbylgh_ \i_qZle_gb_ ijb agZdhfkl\_ m \Zk m`_ ihemqblky ohjhrh k^Zlv wdaZf_g b ijhclb dhgdmjk q_eh\_d gZ f_klh Wlh ^hklb]Z_lkyh^ghcih^kljhcdhcb agZgbyfbh fh^Zevghklyokh[_k_^gbdZ>`hg=jbg^_j gZijbf_j k ihfhsvx h^ghc lhevdh ih^kljhcdb \u\h^be [hevguo ba dZlZlhgbq_kdh]h klmihjZ khklhygby ijb dhlhjhf q_eh\_d ]h^Zfb khojZgy_l ihegmx g_ih^\b`ghklv WlZ dZl_]hjby [hevguo hq_gv ljm^gZ êy jZ[hlu \k_ qlh hgb ij_^klZ\eyxl êy ih^kljhcdb bo ihaZ b ûoZgb_ AZljZlb\ gZ ih^kljhcdm hdheh ^\mo qZkh\ =jbg^_j m[_`^Zeky qlh \_^_gb_ \hafh`gh ihke_ wlh]h hg j_adh \klZ\Ze b [hevghc lh`_ \klZ\Ze \uoh^y ba klmihjZ <ZrZ ijh[e_fZ qZklh aZdexqZ_lky \ lhf qlh \u g_^hklZlhqgh lsZl_evgh ih^kljZb\Z_l_kv d iZjlg_jm Ihwlhfm y ohqm qlh[u \f_kl_ k khagZl_evgufmk\h_gb_ffZl_jbZeZdhgki_dlbjh\Zgb_f\uihemqbeb_s_b g_dhlhju_ ih^khagZl_evgu_ gZ\udb Fh`_l [ulv wlh emqr_ k^_eZlv lh]^Z dh]^Z \u j_rbl_ g_fgh]hhl^hogmlvjZkkeZ[blvkyIhq_fm[u\Zf^_ckl\bl_evghg_jZkkeZ[blvkyb g_ mkihdhblvky\ lh\j_fydh]^Zk \Zfb[m^_lijhbkoh^blvqlhlhihe_agh_Y ohl_e[u qlh[u \u ihgyeb qlhk_cqZk fh`ghhl^hogmlv G_\Z`gh ^Z`_ dZd kdhjh \uihcf_l_ qlh bf_ggh ba gZklmiZxs_]h jZkkeZ[e_gby hdZ`_lky [he__ ijbylguf êy \Zk G_\Z`gh ^Z`_ [m^_l eb wlh ijbylguf \hh[s_ Y ohqm qlh[u \u ihgyeb qlh \u ijh^he`Z_l_ keurZlv \k_ qlh _keb \u ijh^he`Z_l_ \b^_lv \k_ qlh ijhbkoh^bl \hdjm] qlh _keb \u ij_îhqblZ_l_ ih]jmablvky \ ljZgk k hldjulufb ]eZaZfb Ohly jZkkeZ[e_gghklvihdhchlûo[u\Zxlijbylg__dh]^Z]eZaZaZdjuluB \ukeurbl_ fhc ]hehk b fh`_l_ qmlv ]em[`_ jZkkeZ[blvky b mkihdhblvky _s_ ]em[`_ jh\gh gZklhevdh gZkdhevdh wlh gZ^h \Zr_fm hj]Zgbafm \Zr_fm l_em \Zr_fm fha]m \Zr_fm ih^khagZgbx <hafh`gh \Zk m^b\bl qlh q_f emqr_ \u keurbl_ mebqguc rmfl_f[uklj__gZklmiZ_ljZkkeZ[e_gghklvdhlhjmx\ufh`_l_hsmsZlv\k_emqr_ b emqr_ k dZ`^hc fbgmlhc k dZ`ûf \Zrbf \^hohf b \u^hohf Y ohqm qlh[u \u ihgyeb qlh \g_rgbc fbj ijh^he`Z_l kms_kl\h\Zlv gh \u a^_kv b k_cqZk hklZ_l_kv \gmljb k_[y _s_ qmlv ]em[`_ b \u fh`_l_ ihgylv qlh a^_kv g_l gbq_]h qlh gm`gh ^_eZlv\ufh`_l_kb^_lvb ijh^he`ZlvkemrZlvfhc]hehkb fh`_l_g_kemrZlv_]hZ ijhklh hlûoZlv Fh`_l [ulv \Zk m^b\bl wlh khq_lZgb_ jZkkeZ[e_gghklb ihdhy b khkj_^hlhq_gghklbgZlhfqlh_klv\ \Zr_f\gmlj_gg_ffbj_\ lh\j_fydZd\uemqr_ mkihdZb\Z_l_kvBgh]^Zmoh^y\ k_[y\ k\hc\gmlj_ggbcfbjex^b\kihfbgZxlqlh lh ba mgb\_jkZevgh]h hiulZ ba lh]h qlh [u\Z_l kh \k_fb Y g_ m^b\exkv _keb \u k_cqZk aZohlbl_ \kihfgblv ih_a^dm gZ Z\lh[mk_ g_\Z`gh aZohq_l eb wlh]h \Zr_ khagZgb_ Bgl_j_kgh dh]^Z _^_rv \ Z\lh[mk_ dm^Zgb[m^v ^Ze_dh lh hq_gv m^h[gh mkljZb\Z_rvky \ dj_ke_ b kfhljbrv \ hdgh gZ jh\gmx e_glm ^hjh]b b i_caZ` aZ hdghf b kdhjh mklZ_rv hl wlh]h b gZqbgZ_rv kfhlj_lv \i_j_^b k_[y gZ kibgdm dj_keZ klhys_]h i_j_^ lh[hc b ih]jm`Z_rvky \ k\hb \hkihfbgZgby \k_ ]em[`_ b ]em[`_B wlhfh`ghk^_eZlvhq_gvmki_rghIhlhfmqlhm dZ`^h]hba\Zk_klvgZ\udb mki_oZ \ dZdhflh ^_e_ dhlhjh_ \u gZqbgZeb hk\Zb\Zlv b ohjhrh hk\Zb\Zeb ohly [u h^bg jZa \ `bagb B y ohqm qlh[u \Zr_ ih^khagZgb_ kfh]eh \kihfgblv \Zr mki_og_\Z`ghkfh`_l_eb\uwlhk^_eZlvkhagZl_evghimklv\Zr_l_eh\kihfgbl\Zr mki_oagZyqlh\Zrmki_owlh^he]ZyiZmaZqlhlhqlh\ubf__l_\ k_[_I_j_^ l_f dZd k qm\kl\hf [h^jhklb \_jgmlvky kx^Z \ wlhl aZe k^_eZcl_ ]em[hdbc \^ho b \u^hob hldjhcl_]eZaZ<hafh`ghdhfmlhba\ZkihgZ^h[blky\j_fyêylh]hqlh[u iheghklvx\_jgmlvkyd kh\_jr_gghykghfmkhagZgbxb aZ[ulv\k_lhqlhy \Zfa^_kv gZ]h\hjbeOhjhrhl_i_jv\u]hlh\ud mk\h_gbx[Zah\uogZ\udh\]bighaZKe_^mxs__ aZgylb_ fu wlhfm b ihk\ylbf HnbpbZevgh_ gZ\_^_gb_ ljZgkZ ?keb \u ij_^mij_`^Z_l_ k\h_]h iZjlg_jZ deb_glZ iZpb_glZ h lhf qlh gZf_j_gu \\_klb _]h \ ljZgk b ij_êZ]Z_l_ _fm ihfhqv \Zf \ wlhf lh \u aZgbfZ_l_kv hnbpbZevguf gZ\_^_gb_f ljZgkZ < ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb wlhl lbi gZ\_^_gby fZehijbf_gbf \Zf hg gm`_g dZd wlZi \ h[mq_gbb I_j\uc ba rZ[ehgh\ hnbpbZevgh]h gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ y ij_êh`m \Zf dZd e_dpbhgguc fZl_jbZe^_lZevgh fu _]h ijhoh^bf k wdkljZk_gkZfbb gZjh^gufb p_ebl_eyfb Z \lhjhc rZ[ehg \u gZmqbl_kv ^_eZlv ihkdhevdm hg _s_ ihgZ^h[blky \Zf êy kZfh]bighaZ BlZd i_j\uc rZ[ehg ?]h gZau\Zxl k_fbrZ]h\hc fh^_evx FbelhgZ WjbdkhgZ ihkdhevdm jZ[hlZ k iZjlg_jhf k\h^blky \ g_f d k_fb rZ]Zf RZ] Ij_êh`bl_ iZjlg_jm ijbgylv m^h[gmx iham beb ijb^Zcl_ iZjlg_jm m^h[gmxhldjulmxihamRZ]Kdhgp_gljbjmcl_\gbfZgb_iZjlg_jZgZdZdhfeb[h h[t_dl_ RZ] Hj]Zgbamcl_ k\hx j_qv lZd qlh[u jZa^_eblv khagZgb_ b ih^khagZgb_ iZjlg_jZ RZ] Khh[sbl_ iZjlg_jm h l_o ijbagZdZo ljZgkZ dhlhju_ \u m g_]h gZ[ex^Z_l_ l_f kZfuf aZnbdkbjmcl_ khklhygb_ ljZgkZ b m]em[bl_ RZ] >Zcl_ iZjlg_jm mklZgh\dm gZ gbq_]hg_^_eZgb_ RZ] Bkihevamcl_ ljZgk êy ^hklb`_gby \Zr_c p_eb RZ] <ha\jZlbl_ iZjlg_jZ ba ljZgkZ Dhg_qgh wlh hibkZgb_ rZ]h\ gm`^Z_lky \ dhff_glZjbb Ih i_j\hfm rZ]m qlh agZqbl m^h[gZy ihaZ" < ^Zgghf rZ[ehg_ m^h[ghc êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ kqblZ_lky lZdZy ihaZ iZjlg_jZ dh]^Z hg kb^bl _]h klmigb iehlgh klhyl gZ ihem jmdb e_`Zl gZ dhe_gyo lh _klv lZd gZau\Z_fZy hldjulZyihaZjmdbb gh]bg_i_j_dj_s_gu<ufh`_l_hibkZlviZjlg_jmwlmihamb ihijhkblv ijbgylv __ Z fh`_l_ ijhklh ih^hclb d iZjlg_jm b ijb^Zlv _fm wlm iham <lhjhc\ZjbZglbgh]^ZjZ[hlZ_lwnn_dlb\g__dh]^Z\uijb^Z_l_iZjlg_jmg_dmxiham hg h[uqgh \ wlh \j_fy aZfbjZ_l Z \u m`_ agZ_l_ qlh aZfbjZgb_ ij_^\_klgbd dZlZe_ikbbq_ffh`gh\hkihevah\ZlvkyêygZ\_^_gby[he__]em[hdh]hljZgkZk i_j\h]h rZ]Z Kdhgp_gljbjh\Zlv \gbfZgb_ iZjlg_jZ gZ dZdhf eb[h h[t_dl_ \u fh`_l_ ihijhkb\ _]h eb[h gZijZ\blv \a]ey^ gZ dZdmxlh lhqdm dm^Z hg kfh`_l ihklhyggh \ha\jZsZlvky eb[h [ulv ij_^_evgh \gbfZl_evguf d hsms_gbyf \ h[_bo jmdZo kjZam wlhkZfu_ijhklu_ijb_fuHl\e_dZykhagZl_evgh_\gbfZgb_iZjlg_jZ\ul_fkZfuf \uk\h[h`^Z_l_ _]h ih^khagZgb_ êy dhglZdlZ k \Zfb < wjbdkhgbZgkdhf ]bigha_ kms_kl\m_lfgh]hijb_fh\gZau\Z_fuoeh\mrdhcêykhagZgbyb khkj_^hlhq_gb_gZ q_feb[h khagZl_evgh]h \gbfZgby iZjlg_jZ h^bg ba ijb_fh\ wlh]h jy^Z GZ lj_lv_f rZ]_ \u _s_[he__ q_ldh jZa^_ey_l_ khagZgb_ iZjlg_jZ hl _]h ih^khagZgby k ihfhsvx k\h_cj_qb\uihjZaghfmh[jZsZ_l_kvd khagZgbxb ih^khagZgbxGZ\_jgh_wlhijhs_ ihdZaZlv q_f h[tykgblv _keb y h[jZsZxkv d \Zr_fm ih^khagZgbx ih\_jgm\ ]heh\m \e_\h b jZa]h\Zjb\Zy ijb wlhf ]jhfdbf ]hehkhf b h[jZsZxkv d \Zr_fm khagZgbx ih\_jgm\]heh\m\ijZ\hb jZa]h\Zjb\Zylbobf]hehkhflhkdhjhih^khagZgb_dZ`^h]hba \Zk[m^_lagZlvqlhfhclbobc]hehkijbih\hjhl_]heh\u\ijZ\hhagZqZ_l\uah\bf_ggh ih^khagZgby gZ dhglZdl K =hjbg ih\hjZqb\Z_l ]heh\m \e_\h b ijh^he`Z_l ]h\hjblv ]jhfdbf ]hehkhf <Zr_ khagZgb_ ijh^he`Z_l keurZlv fhc ]hehk \ lh \j_fy dZd ih\hjZqb\Z_l]heh\m\ijZ\hb ]h\hjbllbobf]hehkhf\Zr_ih^khagZgb_gZqbgZ_lqlh lh\kihfbgZlv\e_\h]jhfdbf]hehkhf\Zr_khagZgb_aZbgl_j_kh\Zghijhbkoh^ysbf b \ijZ\hlbobf]hehkhf\Zr_ih^khagZgb_]hlh\blkyi_j_\_klb\Zk\ gh\h_khklhygb_ \e_\h]jhfdh\Zr_khagZgb_khfg_\Z_lky\hc^_l_eb\u\ ljZgk\ lh\j_fydZd\ijZ\h lboh\Zr_ih^khagZgb_m`_gZrehkihkh[ih]jmablv\Zk\ ljZgkGZq_l\_jlhfrZ]_\u ]h\hjbl_iZjlg_jmqlh\um g_]hgZ[ex^Z_l_baagZdhfuo\ZfijbagZdh\ljZgkZ<Zr_ ûoZgb_klZeh[he__j_^dbfb ]em[hdbffurpuebpZjZkkeZ[bebkvl_ehjZkkeZ[e_gh b l ^ Iyluc rZ] hlkmlkl\b_ mklZgh\db beb mklZgh\dZ gZ gbq_]hg_^_eZgb_ <u fh`_l_djZldhbebih^jh[ghkhh[sblviZjlg_jmqlhhggbq_]hg_ <Zfg_gm`ghihfh]Zlvfg_b g_gm`ghf_rZlvfg_<ufh`_l_g_kemrZlvfhc]hehk fh`_l_g_kfhlj_lvgZf_gyeb[hfh`_l_kfhlj_lvhq_gv\gbfZl_evgh<ufh`_l_gb h q_fg_^mfZlvbeb^mfZlvh q_fm]h^ghohlvh[h\k_fkjZamA^_kv\hh[s_g_lgbq_]h qlhgm`gh^_eZlvLZd\ukha^Z_l_kblmZpbxg_hij_^_e_ggh]hh`b^Zgbyihfh]Zxsmx emqr_ bkihevah\Zlv ljZgk MklZgh\dZ gZ gbq_]hg_^_eZgb_ ijh\hpbjm_l ih^khagZl_evguc ihbkd ijhp_kkh\ gm`guo êy baf_g_gbc GZ mjh\g_ khagZgby wlh \hkijbgbfZ_lky lZd ?keb y g_ ^he`_g ^_eZlv wlh wlh b wlh lh qlh `_ y ^he`_g ^_eZlv"Bkihevah\ZgbxljZgkZr_klhfmrZ]mfh^_ebFWjbdkhgZfuihk\ylbf_s_ fgh]h \j_f_gb gh k^_eZ_f wlh iha`_ IhdZ \u agZ_l_ qlh fh`_l_ ^Zlv iZjlg_jm k p_evx bkihevah\Zgby ljZgkZ g_hij_^_e_ggmx ijbylgmx bgkljmdpbx dhgkljmdlb\gh]h kh^_j`Zgby B gZdhg_p \u \ha\jZsZ_l_ iZjlg_jZ ba ljZgkZ d ykghfm khagZgbx < wlhf rZ]__klvk\hblhgdhklbk\hb^_lZeb<ha\jZs_gb_baljZgkZ^he`gh[ulvihkl_i_gguf b q_f [he__ ]em[hdbf [ue ljZgk l_f [he__ f_ê_gguf ^he`gh [ulv \ha\jZs_gb_ ?keb q_eh\_d \k_]h ebrv ih]jm`_g \ ql_gb_ bgl_j_kghc dgb]b Z \u \g_aZigh deZ^_l_ jmdm _fm gZ ie_qh lh hg \a^jZ]b\Z_l J_adh_ kebrdhf [ukljh_ \ha\jZs_gb_ d j_Zevghklb ba khklhygby ih]jm`_gghklb \ k_[y \uau\Z_l ^bkdhfnhjl Z \ b^_Ze_ \k_ k\yaZggh_ k ljZgkhf ^he`gh k\yau\Zlvky m \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZ ih ij_bfms_kl\m k ijbylgufbhsms_gbyfbIhwlhfm\ha\jZsZcl_iZjlg_jZbaljZgkZihkl_i_gghohly[u ij_^mij_^bl_ _]h h \ha\jZs_gbb b ^Zcl_ _fm g_kdhevdh fbgml êy lh]h qlh[u hg \_jgmekyd ykghfmkhagZgbxBgh]^Z]bighlba_jk\yau\Z_l\uoh^baljZgkZkhkq_lhf y [m^m kqblZlv ^h lj_o b \u [m^_l_ \ha\jZsZlvky d khklhygbx [h^jkl\h\Zgby Kq_l g_h[yaZl_e_g gh \u fh`_l_ hibkZlv \ha\jZs_gb_ \ lh `_ ijhkljZgkl\h dhfgZlm aZe dZ[bg_l\ dhlhjhf\ZriZjlg_jgZoh^beky[h^jkl\mxsbf\ lhl`_fhf_gl\j_f_gb\ dhlhjhf \u k_cqZk gZoh^bl_kv \_jgbl_ iZjlg_jm hsms_gb_ l_eZ b \hafh`ghklv kZfhklhyl_evguo^\b`_gbc<hlih`Zemcb \k_<hijhkbaaZeZDh]^Z\uaZgbfZ_l_kv hnbpbZevguf gZ\_^_gb_f ljZgkZ \u \k_]^Z mihlj_[ey_l_ wlb l_jfbgu ljZgk ih^khagZgb_" K =hjbg G_l y klZjZxkv bkihevah\Zlv [he__ ihgylgu_ keh\Z <f_klh keh\ khagZgb_ b ih^khagZgb_ fh`gh ]h\hjblv h lhf qlh ijhbkoh^bl \ p_glj_ \gbfZgbyb aZ]jZgbpZfb\gbfZgbyh lhfqlh\uohjhrhihgbfZ_l_b _klv\_sb dhlhju_ lh`_ ijhbkoh^yl Beb h[jZsZykv d khagZgbx y ]h\hjx \u ohlbl_ Z h[jZsZykv d ih^khagZgbx ]h\hjx \Zr_ l_eh ohq_l eb[h \Zr hj]Zgbaf \ZrZ g_j\gZy kbkl_fZ \Zr fha] a^_kv fh`gh gZclb fgh]h kbghgbfh\ Keh\h ljZgk [eZ]h^Zjy l_e_k_ZgkZf ihgylgh \k_c Jmkb \_ebdhc Gh b _]h fh`gh q_flh aZf_gblv Fh`gh kdZaZlv h ^jm]hf \Zr_f khklhygbb h[ hlûo_ ihdh_ =h\hjy h ljZgk_ \Z`ghk\hbfih\_^_gb_f^ZlvihgylviZjlg_jmh q_fb^_lj_qv \h \j_fy k_ZgkZ y kZf \iZ^Zx\ ljZgkklZgh\exkvg_ih^\b`gufjZkkeZ[e_ggufy ^ZxiZjlg_jmijbf_jêy ih^jZ`Zgbyihlhf y hklZgZ\eb\Zxkv Z iZjlg_j ke_^m_l ^Zevr_ LZdbf h[jZahf _keb khklhygb_fh_]hiZjlg_jZg_agZ_lkeh\ZljZgklhih^khagZgb_\k_jZ\ghihcf_lf_gy L_i_jvfui_j_c^_fd ^jm]hfmrZ[ehgmgZ\_^_gbyljZgkZ?]hfh`gh[ueh[ugZa\Zlv kh]eZkb_f ih bg_jpbb gh m g_]h _klv [he__ djZldh_ b ihdZ fZehihgylgh_ êy \Zk gZa\Zgb_Y hiylvg_fgh]hhl\e_dmkvhll_fu< dgb]Zo>_ceZDZjg_]b\k_ _s_ kqblZxsboky gZ l_jjblhjbb [u\r_]h KKKJ _^\Z eb g_ \ukrbf ^hklb`_gb_f ijZdlbq_kdhc ikboheh]bb _klv h^gh ex[hiulgh_ aZf_qZgb_ ihemqblv kh]eZkb_ iZjlg_jZe_]q__keb\ukljhbl_[_k_^mlZdqlh[uiZjlg_jij_^\Zjbl_evghh^bg^\ZjZaZ k q_fgb[m^v kh]eZkbeky GZqbgZcl_ k kh]eZkby gZqbgZcl_ k ^Z lh]^Z \ j_rZxsbc fhf_gldh]^Zijb^_lq_j_^\Z`gh]h\hijhkZbaaZdhlhjh]h\ub aZl_\Zeb[_k_^m\Zr iZjlg_j hl\_lbl ^Z ijhklh ih bg_jpbb J_iebdZ ba aZeZ eyk\h_]h\j_f_gbDZjg_]b[ue ohjhrbf bglmblb\ghijZdlbq_kdbf ikboheh]hf gh \_^v _]h jZ[hlu hlghkylky d ljb^pZluf ]h^Zf k l_o ihj ikboheh]by mreZ \i_j_^ AZ^he]h ^h DZjg_]b l_ogbdZ kh]eZkby ih bg_jpbb [ueZ ba\_klgZ ih^ gZa\Zgb_f khdjZlh\kdbc ^bZeh] fu êy djZldhklb gZah\_f __ l_ogbdhc ^Z^Z^Z HgZ jZ[hlZ_l l_f wnn_dlb\g__ q_f [hevr_ iheh`bl_evguohl\_lh\\ukh[jZeb^hlh]hdZdaZ^ZlvagZqbfucêy\Zk\hijhkH^gZ ba khklZ\eyxsbo mki_oZijb bkihevah\Zgbb wlhc l_ogbdb h^bgZdh\Zy bglhgZpby êy \k_o \hijhkh\ beb ml\_j`^_gbc g_evay \u^_eylv ]hehkhf lh qlh \Zk bgl_j_km_l Ohjhrbc ke_^h\Zl_ev qZklh kljhbl ^hijhk lZd qlh[u kgZqZeZ ihemqblv ihjpbx iheh`bl_evguo hl\_lh\ hl ih^haj_\Z_fh]h mkuiblv _x [^bl_evghklv ih^]hlh\blv d kh]eZkbx Z ihlhf h]emrblv j_rZxsbf \hijhkhf B\Zgh\" B\Zg B\Zgh\bq" <Zk aZ^_j`Zeb \q_jZ" Ohlbl_ dmjblv" Ohlbl_ khagZlvky \ h]jZ[e_gbb" Ihoh`_ ^_ckl\mxl Zf_jbdZgkdb_ ijh^Z\pu Z\lhfh[be_c K_]h^gy ij_djZkguc ^_gv L_[_ hq_gv b^_l wlZ jm[ZrdZ Lu ohq_rv dmiblv wlhl Z\lhfh[bev Y ihfgx h^gh]h ba ]hjh^kdbo jmdh\h^bl_e_c dhlhjuc hq_gv ex[be l_ogbdm ^Z^Z^Z b \hijhku gZ ]hehkh\Zgb_ \ughkbe lZdbf ijbf_jgh kihkh[hf Lh\Zjbsb gm \_^v \k_ fu `b\_f \ wlhf ]hjh^_ Fu \k_ oh^bf ih wlbf mebpZf >Zgguc \hijhk lj_[m_l \hl lZdh]h j_r_gby Dlh aZ" DZdh_ hlghr_gb_ \k_ wlh bf__l d gZr_c l_f_ d ]bigham" KZfh_ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh__keb\uohlbl_qlh[uiZjlg_jkh]eZkbekyk \Zrbf\gmr_gb_f^Zcl_ _fm\hafh`ghklvihkh]eZrZlvkykgZqZeZk q_flh_s_Ijhklhijhdhff_glbjmcl_lhqlh k_cqZk _klv qlh hg \b^bl keurbl b qm\kl\m_l Z ihlhf \gmrZcl_ lh q_]h ihdZ g_l MijZ`g_gb_ 1R <uihegy_lky \ iZjZo iZjlg_j : \ jheb ]bighlba_jZ iZjlg_j ; \ jheb ]bighlbabjm_fh]h <Zf ij_^klhbl ijhclb iylv wlZih\ hibku\Zy k p_evx gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ lh qlh \ ^Zgguc fhf_gl j_Zevgh bf__lky \h \g_rg_f hiul_ iZjlg_jZ ; \ _]h \hkijbylbb \g_rg_]h fbjZ lh qlh hg fh`_l kjZam `_ ijh\_jblv b kh]eZkblvkyk \ZfbZ ihlhf^h[Z\eylv\gmrZxsb_ml\_j`^_gbyh lhfqlh^he`gh[ulv \h \gmlj_gg_f fbj_ iZjlg_jZ wlh]h hg ijh\_jblv g_ fh`_l b [m^_l kh]eZrZlvky ih bg_jpbb H[sZy ko_fZ ^\b`_gby d ljZgkm lZdh\Z gZ i_j\hf wlZi_ \u hq_gv fgh]h ]h\hjbl_h \g_rg_ffbj_Z gZihke_^g_fh \gmlj_gg_fI_j\ucwlZi>Zcl_iZjlg_jm ; q_luj_ ml\_j`^_gby h lhf qlh hg k_cqZk \b^bl b ^h[Z\vl_ iylh_ ml\_j`^_gb_ \gmrZxs_]h oZjZdl_jZ AZl_f ^Zcl_ q_luj_ ml\_j`^_gby h lhf qlh hg keurbl b k^_eZcl_ _s_ h^gh \gmr_gb_ ihlhf q_luj_ ml\_j`^_gby h lhf qlh hg hsmsZ_l b \gmr_gb_ <lhjhc wlZi >Zcl_ iZjlg_jm ; ljb ml\_j`^_gby h lhf qlh hg \b^bl b ^h[Z\vl_^\Z\gmr_gby:gZeh]bqghk^_eZcl_ihljbml\_j`^_gbyh lhfqlhhgkeurbl b qm\kl\m_l ^h[Z\eyyih ^\Z \gmr_gby Lj_lbc wlZi K^_eZcl_^\Z ml\_j`^_gby h lhf qlhiZjlg_j; \b^blb ^h[Z\vl_ljb\gmr_gby^\Zml\_j`^_gbyh lhfqlhhgkeurblb ljb \gmr_gby ^\Z ml\_j`^_gby h lhf qlh hg qm\kl\m_l b ljb \gmr_gby Q_l\_jluc wlZi H^gh ml\_j`^_gb_ h lhf qlh iZjlg_j \b^bl iexk q_luj_ \gmr_gby h^gh ml\_j`^_gb_ h lhf qlh hg qm\kl\m_l b q_luj_ \gmr_gby GZ iylhf wlZi_ \u fh`_l_ lhevdh \gmrZlv agZqbl fh`_l_ k^_eZlv ljZgk ]em[`_ ^hklZ\b\ iZjlg_jm [hevr_ ijbylguo i_j_`b\Zgbc gh h[uqgh d iylhfm wlZim ljZgk m`_ ^hklZlhqgh ]em[hd ?keb iZjlg_j; ij_^\Zjbl_evghijhkbl\Zkihfhqv_fm\ j_r_gbbdZdhclhijh[e_fu^Zcl_ _fm \gmr_gby h lhf qlh ijh[e_fZ [m^_l j_r_gZ ?keb hkh[uo ijhkv[ g_l k^_eZcl_ g_hij_^_e_ggu_ ijbylgu_ \gmr_gby dhgkljmdlb\ghc gZijZ\e_gghklb R_klhc wlZi \ha\jZs_gb_ ba ljZgkZ k^_eZcl_ _]h ihkl_i_gguf b fZdkbfZevgh dhfnhjlguf êy iZjlg_jZ >ey lh]h qlh[u g_ aZimlZlvky \ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb ml\_j`^_gbc k^_eZcl_ k_[_\hllZdmxlZ[ebpmL:;EBP:RZ[ehg WlZiuDhebq_kl\hml\_j`^_gbc <u \b^bl_ \h \g_rg_f fbj_ <GMR?GB? <u keurbl_ \h \g_rg_f fbj_ <GMR?GB?<uqm\kl\m_l_<GMR?GB? , ,, ,,, ,9 9 B _s_ h^gh ijbf_qZgb_ Ih f_j_ lh]h dZd \u [m^_l_ ijh^\b]Zlvky hl wlZiZ d wlZim h[jZsZcl_\gbfZgb_iZjlg_jZgZlhqlhhg\ ijbgpbi_kihkh[_g\hkijbgylvghh[uqgh g_ \hkijbgbfZ_l khagZl_evgh gZ hq_gv keZ[u_ jZa^jZ`bl_eb LZd \k_ fu keurbf lbdZgv_qZkh\\ dhfgZl_gh^hl_oihjihdZy \Zfh[wlhfg_kdZaZe\ug_\hkijbgbfZeb wlhl a\md hkhagZggh Ex[hc ba \Zk kihkh[_g ihqm\kl\h\Zlv k\h_ ûoZgb_ ^\b`_gb_ ]jm^ghcde_ldb\\_job \gbaghihdZ\Zfh[wlhfg_khh[sZl \u g_ hkhagZ_l_ lZdb_ \_sb>Zk\hb\gmr_gby\ufh`_l_fZkdbjh\Zlvbkihevamy\ujZ`_gbylbiZ\u\b^bl_ \gmlj_ggbf aj_gb_f b \u keurbl_ \gmlj_ggbf kemohf L_i_jv ^Z\Zcl_ \uihegbf mijZ`g_gb_ b \hafh`gh \u _s_ qlhlh aZohlbl_ ^h[Z\blv d fhbf ijbf_qZgbyf J_iebdZ ba aZeZ Ijh^_fhgkljbjmcl_ k d_fgb[m^v wlh mijZ`g_gb_ K =hjbg Gm`_g ^h[jh\he_p<blZebc"Ij_djZkghkZ^bkvkx^ZLuohq_rvih]jmablvky\ ]em[hdbcljZgk beb\ e_]dbc<blZebcImklvwlh[m^_le_]dbcljZgkK=hjbgY m\_j_gqlhl\hcfha] kfh`_ljZaebqblvdh]^Zy h[jZsZxkvd l_[_]h\hjblkb^yebphfd <blZebxZ dh]^Zd ]jmii_K_cqZky aZ^Zf\hijhk]jmii_ih\hjZqb\Z_lkyd aZemQlhy k^_eZe"Hl\_luba aZeZ Z gh g_ lhevdh wlh Y ijbf_gbe fZe_gvdmx j_q_\mx obljhklv y aZ^Ze <blZebx \hijhk ih\urZxsbc ]hlh\ghklvd ljZgkmY kijhkbeLuohq_rvih]jmablvky\ ]em[hdbcljZgkbebe_]dbc" F_gy mkljZb\Z_l ex[hc \u[hj <blZeby ihkdhevdm a^_kv g_l \u[hjZ ex[hc hl\_l ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lqlh<blZebcohq_lih]jmablvky\ ljZgkIh\hjZqb\Z_lkyd <blZebx Ohjhrhijh^he`Z_fY ohqmh[jZlblvl\h_\gbfZgb_gZlhqlhluk_cqZk\b^brvLu \b^brvi_j_^kh[hckl_gmGZkl_g_\udexqZl_ev[_eh]hp\_lZLu\b^brvHe_]Z dhlhjuc kfhljbl gZ l_[y <b^brv djZkguc rZjn gZ r__ m He_]Z B gZqbgZ_rv jZkkeZ[eylvkyLukeurbrvfhc]hehkB keurbrvrmffZ]gblhnhgZB keurbrv rmf fZrbg gZ mebp_ B r_e_kl [mfZ]b \ aZe_ B fh`_rv ûrZlv [he__ j_^dh b ]em[hdhLuqm\kl\m_rvijbdhkgh\_gb_kibgud kibgd_klmeZQm\kl\m_rvl\_j^hklv kb^_gvyQm\kl\m_rvijbdhkgh\_gb_ih^hr\d ihemb ijbdhkgh\_gb_ e_\h]h ehdlyd e_\hfm[_^jmB l\hykhkj_^hlhq_gghklvklZgh\blky\k_[hevr_b [hevr_Lu\b^brv jbkmghd ebghe_mfZ gZ ihem B hljZ`_gb_ kheg_qguo emq_c ba hdgZ gZ ihem B k\_l eZfi_ihlhedZB l\hb]eZaZgZqbgZxlmklZ\Zlv<hafh`ghbfohq_lkyaZdjulvkyB lukeurbrvdZdkdjbigmeklme\ dhfgZl_B keurbrvhq_gvkeZ[ucr_e_kle_glu\ fZ]gblhnhg_B keurbrvhl^Ze_ggu_rZ]bB mkihdZb\Z_rvky\k_]em[`_b ]em[`_ B ih]jm`Z_rvky \ k_[y Qm\kl\my ly`_klv k\hbo jmd bo \_k dh]^Z jmdb e_`Zl gZ [_^jZoluhsmsZ_rveZ^hgyfbldZgv[jxdB l_[_klZgh\blky\k_[he__bgl_j_kghlh qlh ijhbkoh^bl \gmljb l_[y : \g_rgbc fbj dm^Zlh moh^bl B l\hb ]eZaZ m`_ aZdjuebkv Gh kd\hav khfdgmlu_ \_db lu _s_ fh`_rv m\b^_lv k\_l \ wlhc dhfgZl_ Beb p\_lgu_ iylgZ dhlhju_ [u\Zxl _keb aZdjulv ]eZaZ b hklZ\blv bo aZdjulufb ]ey^ygZgZkb gZk_[y\gmlj_ggbfaj_gb_fih]jm`Zykv\ k_[y_s_]em[`_ihgbfZy qlh kihdhckl\b_ [m^_l gZjZklZlv B lu _s_ keurbrv fhc ]hehk dhlhjuc a\mqbl ijb]emr_ggh b keurbrv rmf k\h_]h ûoZgby hq_gv kihdhcgh]h b aZf_ê_ggh]h khggh]h b \_kv fbj moh^bl _s_ ^Zevr_ hl l_[y < lh \j_fy dZd lu qm\kl\m_rv dZd kihdhcgh b m\_j_ggh [v_lky l\h_ k_j^p_ dZd ijb ûoZgbb l\hy ]jm^gZy de_ldZ ih^gbfZ_lky b himkdZ_lky b lu ihgbfZ_rv qlh l\hy jZkkeZ[e_gghklv m`_ hq_gv ]em[hdZ qlh ^Z`_ _keb [u lu aZohl_e hldjulv ]eZaZ l_[_ [ueh[u e_gv wlh ^_eZlv l_[_hq_gvm^h[ghk aZdjulufb]eZaZfbb \wlhciha_Dh]^Zlu\kihfbgZ_rvdZdb_ lh dZjlbgu hq_gv ijbylgu_ dZjlbgu ba k\h_]h ijhreh]h b m`_ g_ agZ_rv \hkihfbgZgby wlhbeb kgh\b^_gby b l\hchj]Zgbaf ^_eZ_l hq_gv \Z`gmx jZ[hlm lu mr_e ]em[hdh \ k_[y \ k\hc \gmlj_ggbc fbj ijh^he`Zy bgh]^Z keurZlv dZdb_lh a\mdb^Ze_dh]hjZa]h\hjZb g_agZy_klvebwlhljZa]h\hjgZkZfhf^_e_bebhgl_[_ kgblkyb l\hcfha]mqblkyfgh]bf\_sZfdhlhju_hlghkylkyd ljZgkmb ijbh[j_lZ_l ihe_agu_ agZgby dhlhju_ lu [m^_rv mki_rgh bkihevah\Zlv \ k\h_c jZ[hl_ Hl^hogb \ lh \j_fy dZd l\hc fha] [m^_l mk\Zb\Zlv ihe_agu_ agZgby b aZihfbgZlv ihe_agu_ gZ\udb Hl^hogb B lhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z l\hc fha] ihcf_l qlh lu ]hlh \_jgmlvkyd khklhygbx[h^jkl\h\Zgbylu[m^_rv\ha\jZsZlvkyd gZf\ wlmdhfgZlmb \ wlhl^_gvb qZk\ lhfl_fi_dhlhjucl_[ymkljZb\Z_lfh`_l[ulvhq_gv[ukljh bebg_hq_gv[ukljhb \k_l\hbagZgbyhklZgmlkyijbl_[_ohlyluh gbo_s_gbq_]h g_ agZ_rv Y [m^m kqblZlv ^h lj_o b lu aZf_lbrv g_dhlhju_ y\e_gby H^bg L\hb \_dbgZqbgZxlih^jZ]b\Zlv>uoZgb_klZgh\blkyqmlv[he__qZklufb ih\_joghklguf >\ZL\hbfurpu]hlh\ud jZ[hl_luohjhrhhsmsZ_rvk\hbjmdbb gh]bLjbHldjhc ]eZaZIhlygbkvH[jZsZykvd Zm^blhjbb<hlb \k_mijZ`g_gb_DZd\b^bl_y ijhr_e ih \k_f wlZiZf ihgZqZem ke_^my aZ iZjlg_jhf Z ihlhf eb^bjmy Fhy j_qv fh]eZ ijhba\_klb kljZggh_ \i_qZle_gb_ ohly \ g_c \k_ khhl\_lkl\h\Zeh ijhbkoh^ys_fm y hibku\Zelhevdhlhqlh<blZebcfh]\b^_lvkeurZlvb qm\kl\h\ZlvDklZlb <blZebc kdhevdh fbgml wlh ijh^he`Zehkv" <blZebc Fbgmlu ^\_ljb K =hjbg <hl \Zf bkdZ`_gb_qm\kl\Z\j_f_gb\ ljZgk_Kb^ysb_\ aZe_fh]mlkjZ\gblvh[t_dlb\gh_\j_fy k \gmlj_ggbf \j_f_g_f <blZeby kdhevdh fbgml gZ kZfhf ^_e_ ijh^he`Zehkv mijZ`g_gb_"Hl\_lubaaZeZLjbfbgmluIylvfbgmlIhelhjufbgmlu>_kylvfbgml kf_o\ aZe_K=hjbgGbh^gh]hijZ\bevgh]hhl\_lZIhfgblkydlhlhba\Zk]h\hjbe qlhg_ih^^Z_lky]bigham;m^_fkqblZlvqlh\u]hlh\u^_eZlvmijZ`g_gb_<hijhkba aZeZ A^_kv gZoh^blky fgh]h ex^_c wlh g_ [m^_l k[b\Zlv iZjlg_jZ" K =hjbg <Zr_c aZ[hlhc dZd jZa b y\ey_lky k^_eZlv lZd qlh[u iZjlg_jZ wlh g_ k[b\Zeh <u ^hklb]Z_l_ wlh]hhq_gvijhklh\dexqZy\k_qlhijhbkoh^bl\ k\hxj_qvb lukeurbrv dZd a^_kvjZa]h\Zjb\Zxlex^bb \oh^brv\ ljZgk_s_mki_rg__GZebqb_rmfh\\ aZe_ [hevr_ihf_oZêy]bighlba_jZq_fêy]bighlbabjm_fh]hH^gZ`ûih^hdghffh_]h jZ[hq_]hdZ[bg_lZgZqZebj_fhglbjh\Zlv\h^hijh\hÎjb]gZeb[mev^ha_jdhfij_kkhj Gm \u agZ_l_ dZd rmfbl dhfij_kkhj b agZ_l_ qlh j_fhgl \ wlhc kljZg_ g_ ^_eZ_lky [ukljh Y fh] [u ij_djZlblv ijZdlbdm gh y k^_eZe ih^jm]hfm \ l_q_gb_ g_kdhevdbo ^g_c y khh[sbe k\hbf iZpb_glZf qlh hgb ij_djZkgh keurZl rmf dhfij_kkhjZ b wlh iha\hey_l bf ihgylv qlh k ihfhsvx wlh]h rmfZ ex^b j_rZxl k\hb ijh[e_fu Z iZpb_glfh`_lj_rblvk\hbkemrZywlhlrmfb _s_[hevr_jZkkeZ[eyykv<dexqZcl_\ k\hx j_qv lh]^Z dh]^Z \u hibku\Z_l_ \g_rgbc hiul iZjlg_jZ \k_ qlh ijhbkoh^bl Fgh]b_ gZqbgZxsb_ ]bighlba_ju kqblZxl qlh ihl_ji_eb g_m^Zqm ijb gZ\_^_gbb ljZgkZ_kebkb^ylqlhboiZjlg_jmeu[Z_lky:ohgmeu[Z_lkyhgkf__lkygZ^hfghc h dZdhf ljZgk_ fh`_l b^lb j_qv Meu[dZ iZjlg_jZ lh`_ klbfme dhlhjuc fh`_l ijb\_klb _]h d ljZgkm <_jgbl_ iZjlg_jm _]h ^\b`_gb_ ^Zcl_ ihgylv qlh \u _]h aZf_lbebluqm\kl\m_rvk\hxmeu[dmb l\h_kihdhckl\b_gZjZklZ_l?kebihfgbl_ : DZribjh\kdbc \ k\hbo k_ZgkZo ^_eZe wlh hq_gv mki_rgh dh]^Z ]h\hjbe Fh`_l_ kf_ylvkyfh`_l_^Z`_ohohlZlvb ijbwlhf\oh^bl_\ ljZgk_s_emqr_LZdb_eh\mrdb êy khagZgby jZ[hlZxl q_eh\_d kf__lky gh q_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy aZf_qZ_rv qlh kf_olhgZkbevkl\_ggucq_eh\_dohohq_lg_ihlhfmqlh_fmkf_rghZ ihlhfmqlhhg g_ fh`_l hklZgh\blvky < ijbgpbi_ \hafh`gh h[jZlblv \ k\hx ihevam ^Z`_ lZdmx kblmZpbx dh]^Z \ \Zr dZ[bg_l \ jZa]Zj gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ aZoh^bl \Zr gZqZevgbd b gZqbgZ_l hjZlv gZ \Zk ohly l_ogbq_kdb_ keh`ghklb dhg_qgh [m^ml M \Zk _klv _s_ dZdb_lh ljm^ghklb" Hl\_l ba aZeZ Ljm^gh gZqZlv ]h\hjblv K =hjbg WlZ ljm^ghklv _klv m \k_o ]jmii <k_ \jh^_ [u ieZlbeb aZ lh qlh[u gZmqblvky ^_eZlv gh dh]^Z gZ^h gZqbgZlv^_eZlvmoh^yl\h\gmlj_ggbc^bZeh]\f_klh\g_rg_]hBgl_j_kgh_keb[uy \ZkihijhkbegZibkZlvijhlhdhegZl_fmQlhfu\b^_ebkeurZebb qm\kl\h\Zeb\ wlhf aZe_ \Zf [u iylb ebklh\ [mfZ]b o\Zlbeh" >ey lh]h qlh[u hibkZlv \k_" G_ o\Zlbeh [uOhjhrhy \Zfij_êh`mk^_eZlvijhf_`mlhqgh_mijZ`g_gb_MijZ`g_gb_1R <uihegycl_ dZ`ûc ih hq_j_^b bg^b\b^mZevgh < l_q_gb_ h^ghc fbgmlu \u [m^_l_ jZkkdZau\Zlv h lhf qlh \u \b^bl_ \ wlhf aZe_ ihemqZy gZ\ud k\h[h^ghc j_qb H[km`^_gb_ K =hjbg Fu k \Zfb \_jgmebkv gZ iherZ]Z gZaZ^ b ijZ\bevgh k^_eZeb G_dhlhju_ aZf_qZgby ih \Zr_c j_qb <hi_j\uo m \k_]h qlh \u \b^bl_ _klv p\_l nhjfZ b f_klhiheh`_gb_ Dh]^Z \u ]h\hjbl_ h p\_l_ jZkl_gbc lh hibkZgb_ mkihdZb\Zxsbcp\_lfh`gh^Z\Zlv\h\lhjmxhq_j_^vZ \i_j\mxhq_j_^vhga_e_guc G_ mkeh`gycl_ aZ^Zgb_ hklZ\Zcl_kv \ jZfdZo ijhkluo hibkZgbc <h\lhjuo hibkZgb_ aZeZdZdij_djZkgh]hbebohjhrhh[hjm^h\Zggh]hy\ey_lky\Zr_chp_gdhck dhlhjhc iZjlg_jfh`_lb g_kh]eZkblvkyIj_djZkgucbebohjhrhh[hjm^h\Zggucêyq_]h" Emqr_hklZ\Zlvky\ jZfdZop\_lZb nhjfua^_kviZjlg_jk \Zfbkdhj__kh]eZkblkyB\ lj_lvbo ex^_c \ wlhf aZe_ aZf_lbe ihq_fmlh lhevdh XjZ hklZevgu_ hibku\Zeb ij_^f_lu kf_o \ aZe_ Dhg_qgh \Zr iZjlg_j \b^bl g_ lhevdh ihe kl_gu b hdgh hg \b^bl b \Zk kb^ys_]h a^_kv b kqblZxs_]h k\h_ kms_kl\h\Zgb_ gZklhevdh kZfh kh[hc jZamf_xsbfky qlh h[ wlhf g_ klhbl b ]h\hjblv BlZd jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv fu gZmqbebkv ^Z\Zcl_mqblvkyhnbpbZevghgZ\h^blvljZgkGZlZrZY [hxkvqlhm f_gyg_ihemqblky K=hjbgEZ^ghGZlZrZm l_[ywlhg_ihemqblkyB qlhlh]^Zkemqblky"GZlZrZY [m^m k_[y qm\kl\h\Zlv ]emih K =hjbg Qlh aZklZ\bl l_[y qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y ]emih" GZlZrZ <hafh`ghklvhrb[dbK=hjbgLh]^Zy l_[_ijb\k_c]jmii_^Zf^jm]mxbgkljmdpbx k^_eZcdZdfh`gh[hevr_hrb[hd\h\j_fymijZ`g_gbybah\k_okbeihklZjZckyk^_eZlv \k_ hrb[db dZdb_ lhevdh \hafh`gu fh`_rv bo i_j_kqblu\Zlv Z fh`_rv ^Z`_ g_ kqblZlv LZd ihc^_l" kf_o \ aZe_ GZqZeb H[km`^_gb_ K =hjbg Y ih\lhjxkv \hafh`gh_kebkdZ`mqlhp_ev[Zah\uomijZ`g_gbcg_lhevdhgZmqblvkyq_fmlhba f_lh^bdgZ\_^_gbyljZgkZghb gZmqblvkyaZf_qZlvlhq_]h\um`_^hklb]ebaZf_qZlv ]^_ gZqbgZ_lky ljZgk dZdh\u ijbagZdb gZklmib\r_]h ljZgkZ m \Zr_]h dhgdj_lgh]h iZjlg_jZ g_ih^\b`ghklv jZkkeZ[e_gghklv qlhlh _s_ K wlbf \u \k_ kijZ\bebkv Y ihijhrm He_]Z b Jblm ^Zlv kZfhhlq_l <h \j_fy mijZ`g_gby JblZ \ jheb ]bighlba_jZ ihl_jyeZih^kljhcdmd ûoZgbxHe_]ZQlhlh]^ZijhbahrehHe_]"He_]Fg_dZaZehkv qlh y \k_ \j_fy dm^Zlh iZ^Zx wlh [ueh ijbylgh b \^jm] jZa y \ha\jZsZxkv K =hjbg JblZ hq_gv m\e_deZkv l_f qlh hgZ ]h\hjbeZ b \j_f_ggh aZ[ueZ h lhf dZd gZ^h ]h\hjblvFg_ihdZaZehkvqlhJblZ\hreZ\ [he__]em[hdbc ljZgk q_f He_] b \_sZeZ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb dklZlb keh\_kgh_ gZ\_^_gb_ ljZgkZ m Jblu ihemqbehkv hlebqgh Lu ohjhrh ih\_eZ He_]Z gh \ dZdhclh fhf_gl i_j_klZeZ _fm ihfh]Zlv b _fm ijbrehkv ]gZlvky k\hbf ûoZgb_f aZ lh[hc aZ l\h_c j_qvx LZd \ iZj_ XjZ<blZebc k Xjhc \ jheb ]bighlba_jZ dZdb_ [ueb keh`ghklb" XjZ M f_gy [ue ^bkdhfnhjl hl lh]h qlh <blZebc khijhlb\eyeky Ihfh_fm hg klZjZeky g_ ^_eZlv gbq_]h ba lh]h qlh y _fm ij_êZ]ZeK=hjbgHg^_ckl\bl_evgh klZjZeky b wlh^Z_lgZf \hafh`ghklv h[km^blv _s_ h^gm l_fm wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h ]bighaZ iheyjgmx j_Zdpbx IheyjgZy j_Zdpby K =hjbg AgZ_l_ _klv ^h\hevgh fgh]h ex^_c `bag_ggZy kljZl_]by dhlhjuo hibku\Z_lky ijbf_jgh lZd <k_ wlh ^_eZxl agZqbl y wlh]h ^_eZlv g_ [m^m Fg_ ihgjZ\behkv hldjh\_ggh_\ujZ`_gb_lZdhckljZl_]bb]_jh_fh^gh]hnbevfZY g_gZ\b^_ekb]Zj_lu ihdZg_magZeqlhdmj_gb_\j_^ghWlZkljZl_]bygZh[hjhl\ wjbdkhgbZgkdhf]bigha_ gZau\Z_lkyiheyjghcj_Zdpb_c< lhcbebbghckl_i_gbiheyjgZyj_Zdpbyk\hckl\_ggZ dZ`^hfm q_eh\_dm _keb khfg_\Z_l_kv lh \klZgvl_ gZ mebp_ b gZqgbl_ [_kieZlgh jZa^Z\Zlv qlhgb[m^v ijhoh`bf rhdheZ^gu_ [Zlhgqbdb beb lukyq_jm[e_\u_ dmixju g_\Z`gh <u m\b^bl_ _kl_kl\_ggmx iheyjgmx j_Zdpbx Z fh`_l [ulv b ihqm\kl\m_l_ __H^bgbafhboh^ghdmjkgbdh\ex[beihevah\Zlvky\ kihjZo_kl_kl\_gghciheyjghc j_Zdpb_ckh[_k_^gbdZ?kebhgohl_e\ukdZaZlvk\hbZj]mf_glub g_\ukemrb\Zlvhl\_l iZjlg_jZ hg aZdZgqb\Ze ij_êh`_gby k\h_h[jZaguf h[jZs_gb_f d iZjlg_jm \ lj_lv_f ebp_Gmk_cqZkkdZ`_lqlhgb[m^vIhke_wlh]hdZdijZ\behiZjlg_jaZfhedZe?klv ex^b dhlhju_ ih dZdhclh ijbqbg_ ki_pbZebabjmxlky gZ iheyjghc j_Zdpbb GZ \k_ \Zrbij_êh`_gbybebijhkv[uqlhlhk^_eZlvhgbhl\_qZxlg_lGhhk\h[h`^Z_leb bowlhhlfZgbimeypbc"<_^v_kebhgb\k_]^Z^_eZxlgZh[hjhlk gbfbfh`gh]h\hjblv gZh[hjhl<blZebcy g_ohqmqlh[uluqm\kl\h\Zek_[ykebrdhfm^h[ghb mxlghGb\ dh_fkemqZ_g_khkj_^hlZqb\Zckyg_aZdju\Zc]eZaZkf_o\ aZe_Lu\_^vfh`_rvg_ \hclb\ ljZgkk aZdjulufb]eZaZfbbeb\hclb\ ljZgkk hldjulufb]eZaZfbY g_ohqm qlh[uluijyfhk_cqZkih]jm`Zeky\ ljZgkh\h_khklhygb_G_^_eZcwlh]hA^_kv\hh[s_ g_lgbq_]hqlhgm`gh^_eZlv?keby ]h\hjxqlhlug_kfh`_rvih]jmablvky\ ]em[hdbc ljZgklhy \_^vfh]mg_]h\hjblvh lhfqlhlug_fh`_rvih]jmablvky\ e_]dbcljZgk Lufh`_rvkh\_jrZlv^\b`_gbyb q_f[hevr_^\b`_gbclukh\_jrZ_rvl_fmki_rg__ [m^_l l\h_ ih]jm`_gb_ \ ljZgk <u ^Z_l_ iZjlg_jm ijbf_jgh lZdmx ijh]jZffm b jZgh bebiha^ghhgaZimlu\Z_lky\ hljbpZgbyoqlhgm`gh^_eZlvqlhg_gm`ghq_fm\ blh]_ khijhlb\eylvky ba ij_êh`_ggh]h A^_kv ohjhrh ^_ckl\mxl ^\hcgu_ b ljhcgu_ hljbpZgby khagZgb_ \ gbo aZimlu\Z_lky dj_idh JZgvr_ f_gy kfmsZeb iZpb_glu _^bgkl\_gghc p_evx dhlhjuo dZd fg_ dZaZehkv [ueh ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv lh qlh hgb ]bighamg_ih^^ZxlkyL_i_jvy ijhklh\kemokhfg_\Zxkv\ lhfqlhhgbkfh]ml\hclb \ ljZgk b hgb \oh^yl Y ]h\hjx bf qlh gZ\_jgh_ g_kfhljy gZ k^_eZggmx fghc jZ[hlm hgb g_ fh]ml ihqm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y emqr_ b hgb qm\kl\mxl k_[y emqr_ Ij_^hklZ\vl_ q_eh\_dm ihôh^ysbcdhgl_dkl êy ex[hc _]h j_Zdpbb b \u kfh`_l_ bf mijZ\eylv^Z`__kebhgkhijhlb\ey_lky =E:<:G:<?>?GB?=BIGHLBQ?KDH=HLJ:GK:<LHJ:YKLMI?GV >hklb`_gb_ ij_û^ms_]h khklhygby ljZgkZ bkihevah\Zgb_ _kl_kl\_gguo ljZgkh\ kl_gh]jZffZk_fbgZjZ K =hjbg ;m^v \u kdZ`_f wdkljZk_gkZfb \Zf \iheg_ o\Zlbeh [u êy e_q_[ghc ijZdlbdb ij_û^ms_c klmi_gb Gh \ h[uqghc `bagb \u \jy^ eb kfh`_l_ hnbpbZevgh gZ\h^blv ljZgk \Zr gZqZevgbd beb ^_eh\hc iZjlg_j fh]ml b g_ kh]eZkblvky gZ \Zr_ ij_êh`_gb_ k_klv hij_^_e_gguf h[jZahf b aZnbdkbjh\Zlv \a]ey^ \ h^ghc lhqd_ AgZqbl\ZfihgZ^h[ylky[he__[uklju_b baysgu_kihkh[ugZ\_^_gbyIh`ZemckZfuc ijhklhc kihkh[ gZ\_klb ljZgk wlh g_ gZ\h^blv _]h \hh[s_ \hkihevah\Z\rbkv l_f ljZgkhfdhlhjucm`__klv<uagZ_l_h lhfqlhm q_eh\_dZ_klvihlj_[ghklv\ ljZgk_ qlh q_eh\_d bgh]^Z ih]jm`Z_lky \ ljZgk _kl_kl\_ggh B ijhklh_ \hkihfbgZgb_ h kblmZpbb\ua\Z\r_cdh]^ZlhljZgklh`_ijb\h^bld ljZgkmH^gmbakblmZpbclZdh]h jh^Z y rbjhdh ijbf_gye \ k\h_ \j_fy <f_klh lh]h qlh[u aZgbfZlvky hnbpbZevguf gZ\_^_gb_f y kijZrb\Ze m iZpb_glZ DZd \u hlghkbl_kv d k_ZgkZf DZribjh\kdh]h" JZamf__lkyfg_[ueg_\Z`_gkeh\_kguchl\_ly agZeqlh_kebl_e_k_Zgku\uau\Zebm iZpb_glZljZgklh\hkihfbgZgb_h gbolh`_\uah\_lljZgkdhlhjucijb`_eZgbby fh]m m]em[blv \ay\ jZiihjl k_[_ Y aZibkZe gZ fZ]gblhnhg fmaudm khijh\h`^Z\rmx l_e_k_Zgku b \hkihfbgZgby h ljZgk_ klZeb emqr_ DklZlb \u ihfgbl_ wlb k_Zgku" Ihfgbl_ fmaudm dhlhjhc hgb khijh\h`^Zebkv" Ihfgbl_ \Zrm g_ih^\b`ghklv beb \Zrb^\b`_gby"<hlqlhlhih^h[gh_y ]h\hjbeiZpb_glmb hgih]jm`Zeky\ ljZgklZd `_ dZd wlh ^_eZxl k_cqZk g_dhlhju_ ba \Zk Ijb\_^bl_ _s_ jZa ijbf_ju _kl_kl\_ggh \hagbdZxsbo khklhygbc ljZgkZ ijbf_ju kblmZpbc ijh\hpbjmxsbo ljZgk Hl\_lu ba aZeZ Ih_a^dZ \ Z\lh[mk_ Klhygb_ \ hq_j_^b H`b^Zgb_ ijb_fZ m dZ[bg_lZ Kem`[Z \ p_jd\b Ih_a^dZ \ fZrbg_ \ dZq_kl\_ iZkkZ`bjZ K =hjbg Rhn_j lh`_ fh`_l ih]jm`Zlvky \ ljZgk ?keb aZ jme_f gh\bqhd lh hg ihklhyggh dhgljhebjm_l k\hb ^_ckl\by _fm g_evay hl\e_dZlvky Gh _keb q_eh\_d \h^bl fZrbgm ^Z\gh hg wlh ^_eZ_l lZd `_ _kl_kl\_ggh b lZd `_ ^h\_jyy ih^khagZgbx dZd _keb [u hg r_e i_rdhf >ey rhn_jZ fZrb gZ ijh^he`_gb_ _]h l_eZ b hg __ qm\kl\m_l ?keb \ fZrbg_ qlhlh kdjbibllhm rhn_jZihy\ey_lkylZdh_\ujZ`_gb_ebpZ[m^lhaZkdjbi_eh\gmljbm g_]h H[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ rhn_j ^\b`_lky \f_kl_ k fZrbghc dh]^Z hgb ih^t_a`Zxl d k\_lhnhjm]^_]hjbldjZkguck\_lfZrbgZhklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyb hghklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyHg aZfbjZ_l\f_kl_k fZrbghcdh]^Zk\_lhnhj\gh\va_e_gucfgh]b_ijh^he`Zxlklhylv gZ f_kl_ dZd [u \ jZkl_jygghklb wlhl ljZgk fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv ij_^\Zjbl_evgh ih^kljhb\rbkv Fh`gh ^Zlv r_ihlhf ijyfh_ \gmr_gb_ J_iebdZ ba aZem GZ mebp_ rmfgh rhn_j \Zk g_ mkeurbl K =hjbg Rhn_j \Zk g_ hkhagZ_l Hg g_ ihcf_l qlh ihemqbe hl \Zk ijbdZa b g_ ihcf_l ihq_fm \uihegbe _]h Ih^khagZgb_ keurbl \k_ mqlbl_wlhG_agZxijb^_lkyeb\Zfklhylv\f_kl_k ^_eh\ufiZjlg_jhf\ hq_j_^bbeb _a^blv \ Z\lh[mk_ gh \_jhylgh \u [m^_l_ h`b^Zlv ijb_fZ m dZ[bg_lZ beb iml_r_kl\h\Zlv \ Z\lhfh[be_ \f_kl_ >hklZlhqgh ]em[hdbc ljZgk fh]ml \ua\Zlv \hkihfbgZgby dZjlbg ijbjhû hkh[_ggh m l_o ex^_c dhlhju_ ex[yl ijh\h^blv lZf \j_fy <hl gZijbf_j ju[heh\ Hg qZklh gZoh^blky \ ljZgk_ ihaZ m g_]h h[uqgh m^h[gZyb hlghkbl_evghg_baf_ggZyl_ehg_ih^\b`gh\a]ey^nbdkbjh\ZggZihieZ\d_ B ]eZ\gh_\h^ZHgZhq_gvijbly]b\Z_l\gbfZgb_ihlhfmqlh\ ex[hf\h^h_f_^Z`_ \ kh\_jr_ggh[_a\_lj_ggmxih]h^mih\h^_[_]mlf_edb_\hegub q_j_agboohjhrh \b^gh ^gh dZf_rdb beb i_kqbgdb <hegu ihoh`b h^gZ gZ ^jm]mx b \ lh `_ \j_fy g_ih\lhjbfu ?keb k\_lbl khegp_ lh gZ \h^_ b]jZxl yjdb_ kheg_qgu_ aZcqbdb Hgb hq_gv mlhfeyxl aj_gb_ ^Z`_ \ lbobc b kihdhcguc ^_gv B ihwlhfm lZd ohq_lky ihkb^_lvkihdhcghb jZkkeZ[e_gghhl^hogmlvhj]Zgbah\Zlvk\hc\gmlj_ggbchiul b ijh^he`Zlv mqblvky q_fmlh gh\hfm bkihevah\Z\ l_ agZgby dhlhju_ \Zr fha] ihemqbe \ khklhygbb ljZgkZ b ihke_ \uoh^Z ba ljZgkZ ihqm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y gZfgh]h emqr_ b m\_j_gg__ < h[u^_gghc `bagb \klj_qZ_lky ^h\hevgh fgh]h kblmZpbc ijh\hpbjmxsbo ih]jm`_gb_ \ ljZgk <Zf gZ\_jgydZ ijboh^behkv \b^_lv ex^_c m\e_q_gguoql_gb_fbebl_e_\babhgghci_j_^Zq_cbokhagZgb_[md\Zevghhlkmlkl\m_l boa^_kvg_lHgb`b\mllZf\ dgb]_iebnbevf_b imklv`b\mlih^khagZgb_\k_jZ\gh hklZ_lky gZk\yab k \g_rgbf fbjhf Ih^hc^bl_ d j_[_gdm dhlhjuc i_j_`b\Z_l kx`_l fmevlnbevfZih^kljhcl_kvd _]hûoZgbxb r_igbl_M l_[ykbevgh_`_eZgb_k^_eZlv mjhdb ihke_ nbevfZ Kh \ajhkeufb wlh ijhoh^bl _s_ e_]q_ ?s_ h^gZ lbibqgZy ljZgkh\ZykblmZpbykdmqgZye_dpbybeb^hdeZÊx[hcklm^_glihfgblQlhwlhlZdh_Y wlhlh`_ihfgxihwlhfmK=hjbggZqbgZ_l]h\hjblvfhghlhgghihqlb[_aiZmafg_h q_gve_]dh^Zlv\Zfijbf_jlh]hdZdfh`gh]h\hjblv[_abglhgZpbckh\_jr_g ghjZ\ghf_jghbg_ihgylghhq_f E_dlhj lZdh]h lbiZ \iheg_ fh] [u \dexqblv \ k\hx j_qv ]bighlbq_kdb_ \gmr_gby gh _keb hg wlh]h g_ ^_eZ_l k^_eZcl_ \u êy k\h_]h khk_^Z ih iZjl_ <hijhk ba aZeZ Fh`gh eb gZa\Zlv ljZgkh\uf khklhygb_ i_j_^ aZkuiZgb_f"BdklZlbijZ\^Zebqlhk q_eh\_dhfdhlhjuckiblfh`ghjZa]h\Zjb\Zlv" K=hjbgHl\_l^ZgZh[Z\hijhkZY g_ij_îheZ]Zeqlh\ZkaZbgl_j_km_lwlZl_ogbdZ gh\uijZ\uk ^_eh\ufiZjlg_jhffh`ghh[sZlvkyb \ihkl_ebkf_o\ aZe_I_j_\h^ _kl_kl\_ggh]h kgZ \ ]bighlbq_kdbc Fgh]b_ gZqbgZxsb_ ]bighlba_ju ijh[mxl k_[y \ i_j_\h^_ _kl_kl\_ggh]h kgZ \ ]bighlbq_kdbc Wlh \ ba\_klghc kl_i_gb ijhs_ ihlhfm qlh khagZgb_ q_eh\_dZ m`_ baf_g_gh hg m`_ g_ [h^jkl\m_l b \ZrZ aZ^ZqZ k\h^blky lhevdh d lhfm qlh[u mklZgh\blv jZiihjl >ey mklZgh\e_gby jZiihjlZ kh kiysbf bkihevamxlky l_ `_ ijb_fu ih^kljhcdb qlh b êy [h^jkl\h\Zgby aZ bkdexq_gb_f jZa\_ qlh ihau b ^\b`_gbc <Zf g_ h[yaZl_evgh eh`blvky jy^hf k iZjlg_jhf kf_o \ aZe_ êy \Zk \Z`g__ ih^kljhblvky d _]h ûoZgbx < f_^bpbg_ i_j_\h^ ghqgh]h kgZ \ ]bighlbq_kdbcqZklhijbf_gy_lkyijbjZ[hl_k ^_lvfb;h^jkl\mxs_fmj_[_gdmljm^gh [u\Z_l h[tykgblv qlh hl g_]h lj_[m_lky ljm^gh m]gZlvky aZ _]h ih\_^_gq_kdhc ]b[dhklvxb lh]^Z\u^h`b^Z_l_kvihdZhgaZkg_lkZ^bl_kvjy^hfk gbfb ijhba\h^bl_ ijyfmx ih^kljhcdm d _]h ûoZgbx \ l_q_gb_ fbgml Ihke_ wlh]h ijh\_jvl_ fh`_l_ eb \u \_klb f_^ e_ggh f_gycl_ jblf k\h_]h ûoZgby Fh`_l_ ijbf_gblv g_ijyfmx ih^kljhcdm d ûoZgbx ijbdZkZykv d kiys_fm \ lZdl _]h ûoZl_evguf ^\b`_gbyf ]jm^ghc de_ldb >_eZcl_ ijh\_jdm ^_ckl\bl_evgh f_ê_ggh fy]dh hklhjh`gh j_adb_ i_j_f_gu ijb ohjhr_c ih^kljhcd_ fh]ml jZa[m^blv \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZ ?keb \u \_^_l_ lh gZqbgZcl_ r_ihlhf beb g_]jhfdbf ]hehkhf ]h\hjblv ijhklu_ njZau Ijh^he`Zc kiZlv Kib ]em[`_ Lu [m^_rv kiZlv b keurZlv fhc ]hehkIhke_wlh]h^_eZcl_ijyfh_\gmr_gb_lh]hqlhlj_[m_lkyhlkiys_]h>_lyfk khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ijh[e_fhc ]h\hjyl Lu ijhkg_rvky b ihc^_rv \ lmZe_l dh]^Z ihqm\kl\m_rv qlh ohq_rv ihfhqblvky Fh`gh kdZaZlv Ihke_ ijh[m`^_gby lu k^_eZ_rv \hl qlh LZdb_ \gmr_gby gZau\Zxlky ihkl]bighlbq_kdbfb hgb lh`_ jZ[hlZxlMklZgh\b\jZiihjl\ufh`_l_jZa]h\Zjb\Zlvkhkiysbfghg_h`b^Zcl_qlh q_eh\_d gZoh^ysbcky \ kbevgh baf_g_gghf khklhygbb khagZgby [m^_l ^Z\Zlv ih^jh[gu_ hl\_lu J_qv ex^_c ih]jm`_gguo \ ljZgk hq_gv eZdhgbqgZ ihwlhfm aZ^Z\Zcl_ lZdb_ \hijhku gZ dhlhju_ fh`gh hl\_lblv ^Z ieb i_l ?keb \u [m^_l_ gZklZb\Zlv gZ jZa\_jgmluo hl\_lZo hg ijhkg_lky <hijhk ba aZeZ Qlh ^_eZlv _keb hg ijhkg_lky" K =hjbg Ih h[klhyl_evkl\Zf Dhg_qgh ijhkgm\rbkv jy^hf k g_agZdhfuf q_eh\_dhf\ZriZjlg_jfh`_lbkim]ZlvkyGhdZdijZ\behex^beh`ZlkykiZlvjy^hf kh agZdhfufb ?keb \Zf gZ^h ijh^he`Zlv h[s_gb_ \ ljZgk_ ih^h`^bl_ ihdZ q_eh\_d mkg_l b ih\lhjbl_ \k_ kgh\Z <hijhk ba aZeZ Fh`_l eb kiys_fm q_eh\_dm ijbkgblvky fh_ \gmr_gb_" K =hjbg >Z`_ _keb hgh ijbkgblky hg g_ \kihfgbl _]h ihke_ ijh[m`^_gby D lhfm `_ \u fh`_l_ ih^kljZoh\Zlvky ^Z\ iZjlg_jm ki_pbZevgmx bgkljmdpbx h aZ[u\Zgbb kdZaZggh]h \Zfb < ex[hf kemqZ_ kiysbc \Zk g_ hkhagZ_l b agZqblg_aZihfbgZ_lkhagZl_evgh\Zr_\gmr_gb_DklZlbwdki_jbf_gluihh[mq_gbx \hkg_lh`_ih^l\_j`^Zxlqlhemqr_cy\ey_lkydhf[bgZpbykhagZl_evgh]h\ khklhygbb [h^jkl\h\Zgby b ih^khagZl_evgh]h \h kg_ aZihfbgZgby GZ\_^_gb_ q_j_a ]bighlbq_kdb_ n_ghf_gu Y \Zf jZkkdZau\Ze qlh êy ]em[hdh]h ljZgkZ oZjZdl_jgu g_dhlhju_ y\e_gby dhlhju_ gZau\Zxlky ]bighlbq_kdbfb n_ghf_gZfb khojZg_gb_ ijb^Zgghc ihau dZlZe_ikby baf_g_gb_ qm\kl\Z \hajZklZ \hajZklgZy j_]j_kkby \gmr_ggu_]ZeexpbgZpbbF_`^mljZgkhfb ]bighlbq_kdbfbn_ghf_gZfbkms_kl\m_lb h[jZlgZy k\yav _keb \ua\Zlv wlb n_ghf_gu \ khklhygbb [h^jkl\h\Zgby hgb gZ\h^yl ]bighlbq_kdbc ljZgk \hijhk lhevdh \ lhf dZd bo \ua\Zlv Wlh ijhs_ q_f fh`gh ij_îheZ]Zlv <havf_f êy gZqZeZ \hajZklgmx j_]j_kkbx XjZ lu fh`_rv \kihfgblv k_[y\ ^_lkl\_"< dZdhfbf_ggh\hajZkl_lufh`_rvk_[y\kihfgblv"XjZIjbf_jgh\ iylbe_lg_f K =hjbg Ohjhrh \kihfgb dZdh_gb[m^v kh[ulb_ ba wlh]h \j_f_gb <kihfgb dZd lu dZlZeky k ]hjdb gZ kZgdZo Bgl_j_kgh ihfgbrv eb lu dZd lu [ue h^_l" Ihfgbrv eb k\hb kZgdb" Ihfgbrv lhl kg_] lh hsms_gb_ oheh^Z dh]^Z lu dZlbrvky k ]hjdb ?keb lu ihkfhljbrv \gba gZ k\hb gh]b lh kfh`_rv m\b^_lv \Ze_gdbdhlhju_[uebgZl_[_Lufh`_rvmkeurZlv]hehkZk\hbo^jma_clZdbo`_ ^_l_c dZd b lu <kihfgb dZd wlh [ueh ijbylgh dZlZlvky gZ kZgdZo b h[sZlvky k ^jmavyfb <havfb \ gZklhys__ \j_fy k\hx ^_lkdmx wg_j]bx b \_jgbkv kx^Z d gZf \ lhfl_fi_dhlhjucl_[_ijbyl_gQ_eh\_d_kl_kl\_ggufh[jZahfih]jm`Z_lky\ ljZgk q_j_a \hajZklgmx j_]j_kkbx _keb gZqbgZ_l \kihfbgZlv k\h_ ^_lkl\h >Zcl_ q_eh\_dm \hafh`ghklvihdZaZlv\Zf_]h rdhevgu_nhlh]jZnbb klbfmebjmcl_ _]h \hkihfbgZgby kha^Zcl_ jZiihjl b bkihevamcl_ lhl ljZgk dhlhjuc \u \ua\Zeb <gmr_ggu_ ]ZeexpbgZpbb hq_gv [ebadb d \hkihfbgZgbyf b ij_^klZ\e_gbyf ihwlhfm gZ\_^_gb_ ljZgkZq_j_abkihevah\Zgb_wlhcl_ogbdblj_[m_ljZa\blhcnZglZabbiZjlg_jZY ex[ex ijbf_gylv wlhl \b^ gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ ijb jZ[hl_ k ^_lvfb hgb ex[yl nZglZabjh\Zlv J_[_ghd dhlhjuc [hblky l_fghlu hq_gv hohlgh jZkkdZ`_l \Zf h l_o qm^h\bsZo dhlhju_ oh^yl \ l_fghl_ b dhlhjuo hg [hblky b q_f ih^jh[g__ hg jZkkdZau\Z_l l_f ]em[`_ ih]jm`Z_lky \ ljZgk Fg_ hklZ_lky lhevdh ijbkh_^bgblvky d wlhfm ljZgkm b \ l_q_gb_h^gh]hk_ZgkZba[Z\blvj_[_gdZhlkljZoh\<ajhkeu_lh`_g_ebr_gunZglZabb IhgZ[ex^Zcl_ aZ l_f dZd ex^b jZkkdZau\Zxl h[ hlimkd_ ijh\_^_gghf bgl_j_kgh h k\hboijh[e_fZoIh]jm`Zykv\ ijh[e_fuq_eh\_dih]jm`Z_lky\ ljZgkdhlhjuc^Z`_ g_ \k_]^Z lj_[m_l m]em[e_gby ^hklZlhqgh ijbkh_^bgblvky d g_fm ihfhqv kha^Zlv ohjhrmx ]ZeexpbgZpbx b \hkihevah\Zlvky wlbf KZfu_ jZggb_ wdki_jbf_glu k ]bighahf[uebk\yaZguk gZ\_^_gb_fq_j_adZlZe_ikbxLZd]bighlbabjh\Zebdjhebdh\ ey]mr_ddmjbp_keb`b\hlgh_ko\ZlblvlZdqlh[uhghg_fh]ehihr_\_eblvkyb j_adh i_j_\_jgmlv \gba ]heh\hc hgh \ l_q_gb_ fbgmlu ih]jm`Z_lky \ hq_gv ]em[hdbc ]bighlbq_kdbc ljZgk khojZgyy ijb^Zggmx _fm g_m^h[gmx iham _s_ hq_gv ^he]h JZamf__lky k q_eh\_dhf \u lZd g_ ihklmibl_ Gh \ jZ[hl_ k ex^vfb _klv ^hklZlhqgh fgh]h dhgl_dklh\ \ dhlhjuo \u fh`_l_ \ua\Zlv g_ih^\b`ghklv b bkihevah\Zlv __ êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ H^bg ba lZdbo dhgl_dklh\ jmdhih`Zlb_ ?]h fh`gh aZlygmlv m^_j`b\Zy jmdm iZjlg_jZ \ h^ghf iheh`_gbb k^_eZ\ hq_gv g_hij_^_e_gguf fhf_gl hdhgqZgbyjmdhih`ZlbyA^_kvhq_gv\Z`ghihqm\kl\h\Zlvlhlfhf_gldh]^ZjmdZm`_g_ iulZ_lky hk\h[h^blvky dh]^Z hgZ aZfbjZ_l g_ih^\b`gh b lhqgh lZd `_ aZfbjZ_l \Zr iZjlg_jBkihevah\Zgb_dZlZe_ikbbihlj_[m_lhl\ZkohjhrhhljZ[hlZggh]hih\_^_gby lh_klvg_keh\_kgh]hgZ\_^_gbyljZgkZ;m^vl_m[_^bl_evgu\ ^_fhgkljZpbbkbeuk\h_c ebqghklbk\h_]hZ\lhjbl_lZa^_kvmf_klguex[u_ij_^\Zjbl_evgu_aZ]hlh\db\iehlv ^hdjZkb\hcb ^hjh]hc\bablghcdZjlhqdbb\iheg_\hafh`ghqlh\Zr_]hZ\lhjbl_lZ m`_[m^_l^hklZlhqghêygZ\_^_gbyljZgkZ>jm]hcdhgl_dkl\ dhlhjhffh`ghijb^Zlv iZjlg_jm hij_^_e_ggmx iham lZg_p \hafh`ghkl_c êy fZgbimeypbc a^_kv hq_gv fgh]hIhkdhevdmfg_ohq_lkymkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zlv\Zrmqm\kl\bl_evghklvk^_eZcl__s_ h^ghmijZ`g_gb_MijZ`g_gb_1RK_cqZky \dexqmfmaudm\ujZa^_ebl_kvgZiZjub ihlZgpm_l_ gh wlh g_ [m^_l hlûohf \u [m^_l lZgp_\Zlv k aZdjulufb ]eZaZfb ^_j`Z jmdb eZ^hgv d eZ^hgb lh _klv ihemqZy k\_^_gby h iZjlg_j_ lhevdh q_j_a hsms_gby hl _]heZ^hg_c<Zrb aZ^Zqb Z ihqm\kl\h\Zlv dZdhc l_fi ^\b`_gby \Zrbojmd gZb[he__ ijbyl_g êy iZjlg_jZ b ijbkh_^bgblvky d wlhfm l_fim ^hklZ\b\ l_f kZfuf m^h\hevkl\b_ iZjlg_jm wlh gbdh]^Z g_ \j_^gh [ \u[jZlv fhf_gl êy \g_aZighc hklZgh\db b ih qm\kl\h\Zlv ihy\e_gb_ dZlZe_ikbb m iZjlg_jZ KgZqZeZ wlb aZ^Zqb \uihegy_l iZjlg_j $ aZl_f iZjlg_j ; JZaju\ rZ[ehgh\ ?klv _s_ h^gZ ]jmiiZ l_ogbd ijbf_gy_fuo êy [ukljh]h gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ bo h[t_^bgy_l h[s__ gZa\Zgb_ jZaju\rZ[ehgh\H dZdborZ[ehgZob^_lj_qv"Fgh]b_gZrb^_ckl\bykh\_jrZxlky ih hij_^_e_gghc ijh]jZff_ ih\lhjy_fhc khlgb b lukyqb jZa [_a baf_g_gbc ijb\_lkl\b_ jmdhih`Zlb_ dmj_gb_ Dh]^Z \u \klj_qZ_l_ agZdhfh]h b kijZrb\Z_l_ m g_]h DZd ^_eZ" \Zk gZ kZfhf ^_e_ g_ bgl_j_km_l khklhygb_ _]h ^_e \u ijhklh ^_ckl\m_l_ihijh]jZff_dhlhjZygZau\Z_lkyijb\_lkl\b_fb dhlhjZyij_^mkfZljb\Z_l rZ[ehgguc hl\_l GhjfZevgh gZ rZ[ehgguc \hijhk Ihijh[mcl_ gZ \hijhk DZd ^_eZ" hl\_lblv M`Zkgh kdhjh ihfjm beb gZqgbl_ ih^jh[gh jZkkdZau\Zlv h k\hbo ^_eZo >Z \hl agZ_rv \q_jZ \_q_jhf j_[_ghd qlhlh jZkdZijbagbqZeky fu k `_ghc ^mfZeb fh`_l aZ[he_e" g_l baf_jbeb l_fi_jZlmjm hdZaZeZkv ghjfZevghc Z k_]h^gy mljhf qmlv gZ jZ[hlm g_ hiha^Ze lZdZy lheiZ gZ hklZgh\d_ klhyeZ gm ^mfZx gbdh]^Z \ Z\lh[mk g_ ihiZ^m gh ih\_aeh ih^hr_e Z\lh[mk b y dZd jZa \hae_ ^\_jb hdZaZeky LZdh_ \Zr_ ih\_^_gb_ g_ khhl\_lkl\m_l h[s_ijbgylhc ijh]jZff_ b \uau\Z_l m iZjlg_jZ aZf_rZl_evkl\h B wlhc kblmZpb_c aZf_rZl_evkl\Z \u fh`_l_ \hkihevah\Zlvky_kebklZjZyijh]jZffZih\_^_gbyklZjucrZ[ehgm iZjlg_jZkehfZg \u fh`_l_ gZ\yau\Zlv _fm gh\mx ijh]jZffm L_ dlh aZgbfZ_lky b]jh\ufb \b^Zfb kihjlZihcfmlf_gy[uklj__GmgZijbf_jb]jZy\ gZklhevgucl_ggbk\ufh`_l_ijb ih^Zq_bkihevah\ZlvdZdhclhhij_^_e_ggucm^Zjb ih\lhjblv_]h_s_^\ZjZaZZ ihlhf \^jm] ihkeZlv rZjbd ih^jm]hfm ^jm]bf m^Zjhf k ^jm]hc aZdjmldhc IZjlg_j mki_e mk\hblvklZjmxijh]jZffmdhlhjmx\u_fmgZ\yaZebhgg_mki_\Z_lkj_Z]bjh\Zlvhg\ aZf_rZl_evkl\_ b \u ihemqZ_l_ b]jh\h_ ij_bfms_kl\h dhlhjh_ fh`_l_ j_Zebah\Zlv Lh qlh m gZk a^_kv ijhbkoh^bl ijhp_kk h[mq_gby lh`_ y\ey_lky \ dZdhclh kl_i_gb rZ[ehghf y ^he`_g ]h\hjblv Z \u ^he`gu kemrZlv ?keb \^jm] \ dZdhclh fhf_gl \g_aZighaZfhedZ_lijh^he`Zyr_\_eblv]m[Zfbb h`b\e_ggh`_klbdmebjh\Zlv?keb \^jm]\ dZdhclhfhf_gly jZaju\ZxwlhlrZ[ehg\ug_agZ_l_qlhl_i_jv^_eZlvb dlh lh fh] [u ^Zlv \Zf k\hx ijh]jZffm ih\_^_gby dhlhjmx \u [u klZeb \uihegylv <Z`guc fhf_gl \ gZ\_^_gbb ljZgkZ q_j_a aZf_rZl_evkl\h g_h`b^Zgghklv \ha^_ckl\by M`_ pblbjh\Zgguc fghx :FK\y^hs hibku\Ze k\hb gZ[ex^_gby k\yaZggu_ k gZr_c l_fhc ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf Y g_ jZa aZf_qZe qlh m g_dhlhjuo [hevguo g_\jhaZfb \hagbdZ_l khklhygb_ j_adh ih\ur_gghc \gmrZ_fhklb ! ijb h^ghcih^]hlh\d_d ijh\_^_gbxk_Zgkh\ikbohl_jZibbLZdgZijbf_jijbbkke_^h\Zgbb j_ZdpbbajZqdh\gZk\_ldh]^Z[hevghfmij_êZ]Zehkvkfhlj_lvijyfhi_j_^kh[hc_fm lml `_ fh`gh [ueh \gmrblv gZy\m iZjZebq jmdb b l ^ Wlh khklhygb_ fh`gh gZa\Zlv ! k\_jo\gmrZ_fhklvx ! H^gZdh hgh fh`_l \hagbdZlv b m a^hjh\uo ex^_c \g_ k\yabk k_Zgkhf]bighaZKihkh[kl\m_lwlhfmg_h`b^Zgghklv\ha^_ckl\byLZdgZmebp_ \[ebab\oh^Z\ bgklblml fghxlh]^Z _s_ fhehûf q_eh\_dhf jZaZ[ue ijhba\_^_g ke_^mxsbc wdki_jbf_gl y g_h`b^Zggh hklZgZ\eb\Ze ijhoh^ys_]h g_agZdhfh]h fm`qbgm b h[jZsZeky d g_fm kh keh\ZfbM f_gy d \Zf [hevrZy ijhkv[Z ]h\hjbehkv gZijy`_gguf lhghf \havfbl_ wlm aZibkdm \hc^bl_ \ bgklblml ijhc^bl_ fbfh ijhoh^ghckh\_jr_gghkihdhcghihûfbl_kvihe_klgbp_gZiylucwlZ`LZfm\b^bl_ gZ ^\_jb gZîbkv EZ[hjZlhjby Zdmklbdb <hc^bl_ kijhkbl_ FZjbx FboZceh\gm b i_j_^Zcl__cwlmaZibkdmIhke_wlh]hkjZam\_jgbl_kvB^bl_Ljh_fm`qbggb hq_f g_kijZrb\Zy\uihegbebaZ^Zgb_b ebrvh^bghldZaZekyk g_^hmf_gb_fkdZaZ\qlhhg g_ fh`_l wlh]h k^_eZlv lZd dZd lhjhiblky Ih keh\Zf ihemqZ\r_c aZibkdb b ijbkmlkl\h\Z\rbo ijb wlhf ebpZ i_j_^Z\Z\rb_ __ ijhba\h^beb \i_qZle_gb_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb ^_ckl\h\Z\rbo : \hl dZdb_ ijbf_ju gZ l_ogbdm jZaju\Z rZ[ehgh\ ijb\h^be : Kblgbdh\ H^bg ba fhbo mq_gbdh\ jZ[hlZxsbc \ m]heh\ghf jhaukd_ ih_oZegZ\uiheg_gb_h^gh]hhq_gv\Z`gh]haZ^ZgbyHgbijb]hlh\bebkvd lhfmqlh[u \aylv ij_klmigbdZ \ d\Zjlbj_ gh \ d\Zjlbj_ _]h g_ hdZaZehkv L_e_nhgZ \ d\Zjlbj_ g_ [uehFh_fmagZdhfhfmijbrehkv\uclbba^hfZêylh]hqlh[uiha\hgblvbaZ\lhfZlZ < kl_de_ l_e_nhgghc [m^db hg m\b^_e hljZ`_gb_ ihôh^b\r_]h d g_fm kaZ^b ij_klmigbdZ<j_f_gbgZjZa^mfvyg_hklZ\ZehkvB hgk^_eZe_^bgkl\_gghijZ\bevgh_ qlhfh`gh[uehk^_eZlv\ wlhckblmZpbbhgg_h`b^Zgghh[_jgmekyb kdZaZe>Zc^\_ dhi_cdbK_cqZkhl\_lbelhlWlh]hk_dmg^gh]haZf_rZl_evkl\Zo\Zlbehêylh]h qlh[u _]h h[_ahjm`blv Ijb\_^m _s_ h^bg ijbf_j gZ l_ogbdm jZaju\Z H^bg ba fhbo ^jma_chq_gv^he]h_oZe\ ih_a^_bah^gh]h]hjh^Z\ ^jm]hcB gZh^ghcbahklZgh\hdhg \ur_e ba ih_a^Z aZr_e \ [mn_l êy lh]h qlh[u qlhgb[m^v dmiblv ih_klv < [mn_l_ hdZaZeZkv êbggZy hq_j_^v Gh ih_a^ `^Zlv g_ [m^_l Z dmrZlv ohq_lky B lh]^Z hg ihôh^bl [_a hq_j_^b ijhly]b\Z_l ^_gv]b hq_j_^v gZqbgZ_l \hafmsZlvky b hg hq_gv bkdj_gg_ hl\_qZ_l Ba\bgbl_ y lhevdh qlh ih^hr_e Y ]h\hjbe qlh fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv jmdhih`Zlb_ êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ q_j_a dZlZe_ikbx ?]h fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv b êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ q_j_a jZaju\ rZ[ehgZ ihkdhevdm m fm`qbg wlhl rZ[ehghq_gvjZa\blhgnhjfbjm_lkyk ^_lkl\Zihwlhfmijbh^ghf\b^_ijhlygmlhcd \ZfjmdbgZqbgZ_ljZ[hlZlvIhgZ[ex^Zcl_aZkblmZpb_cdh]^Z^\h_fm`qbgg_agZxl gm`gh eb bf a^hjh\Zlvky aZ jmdm m gbo ih hq_j_^b \a^jZ]b\Z_l ijZ\Zy jmdZ Qlh[u bkihevah\Zlvwlml_ogbdmy ihôh`md B]hjxb ]h\hjx_fmA^jZ\kl\mcijhly]b\Zx ijZ\mx jmdm < lhl fhf_gl dh]^Z B]hjv lh`_ ijhly]b\Z_l ijZ\mx jmdm [_jm _]h aZ aZiyklv_ k\h_c e_\hc jmdhc Klhi Ihkfhljb gZ k\hx jmdm ;m^v \gbfZl_e_g HgZ aZklueZ b wlh agZqbl qlh lu fh`_rv magZlv qlhlh \Z`gh_ êy k_[y aZ\_jrZ_l jmdhih`Zlb_ Ijbylgh iha^hjh\Zlvky _s_ jZa Ihq_fm hg \uihegbe fhx dhfZg^m" Ihlhfm qlh jmdhih`Zlb_ wlh p_evguc dhfihg_gl ih\_^_gby m g_]h g_l k_j_^bgu B dh]^Z y k^_eZe lZd qlh m wlh]h rZ[ehgZ ihy\beZkv k_j_^bgZ m B]hjy g_ hdZaZehkv ihôh^ys_c ijh]jZffu ih\_^_gby hg ijbgye fhx dhfZg^m Ijb jZ[hl_ k dmjbevsbdZfbg_dhlhju_ikbohl_jZi_\lulh`_bkihevamxljZaju\rZ[ehgZHgb^Zxl iZpb_glmbgkljmdpbxihdZaZlvdZdhgijbdmjb\Z_lb dh]^Zq_eh\_d\k_k^_eZe\klZ\be kb]Zj_lmk jhlb ijb]hlh\bekyijbdmjblvm g_]hg_h`b^Zgghhl[bjZxlkb]Zj_lmb ^Zxl ^jm]mxijh]jZffmih\_^_gby?keb\uiheZ]Z_l_qlh\ ^_eh\hfh[s_gbb\Zfg_\k_]^Z m^h[gh[m^_lo\ZlZlviZjlg_jZaZjmdZ\êyij_ju\ZgbydZdh]heb[hba_]hrZ[ehgh\\u fh`_l_ aZsblblvky pblZlhc jZkkdZ`bl_ h lhf dZd \u [ueb gZ k_fbgZj_ B hg ih^hr_edhfg_b k^_eZe\hllZdWlhlh`_ohjhrbcijb_fihlhfmqlh\ukgbfZ_l_k k_[yhl\_lkl\_gghklvaZg_m^ZqmWlh^_eZ_l_g_\uwlh^_eZey gZk_fbgZj_Bebfh`_l_ jZkkdZaZlvh lhfdZd\ h^ghfnbevf_]bighlba_jih^hr_ed q_eh\_dmih^gye_]hjmdmb kdZaZe : l_i_jv \hc^bl_ \ ljZgk < h[u^_gghc `bagb dklZlb jZaju\ rZ[ehgh\ ihemqZ_lkye_]q_q_fgZk_fbgZj_J_q_\h_k\yau\Zgb_aZ[Zelu\Zgb_>hkboihjfu h[jZsZeb \gbfZgb_ gZ kihkh[u gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ lj_[mxsb_ \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v hij_^_e_gghc bkdmkkl\_gghklb \ ih\_^_gbb Gh _klv kihkh[u iha\heyxsb_ gZ\_klb ljZgk\ hkgh\ghfihkj_^kl\hfj_qbG_ihfgxdlhi_j\ufkdZaZeqlhyaud^ZggZfêy gZf êy lh]h qlh[u kdju\ZlvgZrb fukeb Q_f klZjr_ fu klZgh\bfky l_f emqr_ wlh ihgbfZ_fbm\ul_f[hevr_\_jbfkeh\ZfKjZ\gbl_^\Zij_êh`_gbyI_j\h_<u kb^bl_gZklme_<ukemrZ_l_f_gy<ZrZkhkj_^hlhq_gghklv\hajZklZ_l<lhjh_< lh \j_fydZd\ukb^bl_gZklme_b kemrZ_l_f_gy\ZrZkhkj_^hlhq_gghklv\hajZklZ_lQ_f hgb hlebqZxlky" <lhjh_ ij_êh`_gb_ a\mqbl [he__ hkfuke_ggh ?]h kh^_j`Zgb_ hklZehkvlZdbf`_dZdm i_j\h]hij_êh`_gbyghk ihfhsvxh[hjhlZ\ lh\j_fydZdb khxaZby k\yaZekhklZ\eyxsb__]hnjZau\ h^ghp_eh_F_`^ml_fqlh\ukb^bl_gZ klme_b l_fqlh\ZrZkhkj_^hlhq_gghklv\hajZklZ_lihij_`g_fmg_lgbdZdhck\yab gh \h \lhjhf ij_êh`_gbb wlZ k\yav kha^ZgZ bkdmkkl\_ggh qbklh j_q_\uf kihkh[hf KhagZgbx wlh gjZ\blky hgh hl\e_dZ_lky gZ ihbkdb kfukeZ b ihiZ^Z_l \ eh\mrdm BamqZyikboheh]bxy klZeihgbfZlvqlhg_ihgbfZx\ ex^yohq_gvfgh]h]hghgbdZd g_ fh]m ihgylv qlh bf_ggh ba g_ihgylh]h fghx y \k_ `_ ihgbfZx b y gZ\_jgh_ gbdh]^Zg_ihcfmjZagbpmf_`^ml_fqlhy m`_ihgyeb l_fqlhy g_ihgbfZx>he]Zy iZmaZ aZl_f kf_o \ aZe_ J_iebdZ ba aZeZ <u fh`_l_ ih\lhjblv wlm njZam" K =hjbg Fh]mgh\u__ \k_jZ\ghg_ aZihfgbl_ < g_c _klv jy^ g_ijZ\bevghkl_cijZ\bevghklv ijbf_g_gby dhlhjuo kha^Zkl gh\mx g_ijZ\bevghklv b êy lh]h qlh[u hkhagZlv ijZ\bevgh_bkihevah\Zgb_g_ijZ\bevghkl_cj_qbgZ^h]h\hjblvhq_gvijZ\bevghiZmaZ Zieh^bkf_glu KiZkb[h KZfh_ kf_rgh_ lh qlh \ h[hbo fhbo \ukdZau\Zgbyo _klv kfuke B ihdZ \Zr_ khagZgb_ _]h bs_l y fh]m mklZgh\blv g_keh\_kguc dhglZdl k \Zrbf ih^khagZgb_f b gZqZlv \Zfb mijZ\eylv Lh qlh y \Zf ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Ze gZau\Z_lkydhgnmabhggucljZgkiheblbdbb ikbohl_jZi_\luwlhmf_xlihq_fm[ug_ gZmqblvky dhff_jkZglZf" < j_q_\uo l_ogbdZo k_lv h^gZ hkh[_gghklv \Zr_c p_evx y\ey_lkyijb\e_q_gb_khagZl_evgh]h \gbfZgbyg_ d kh^_j`Zgbx j_qb g_ d kfukem Z d \g_rg_fmhnhjfe_gbxWlh]hfh`gh^hklbqvihjZaghfm<hi_j\uo\ufh`_l_\_klb jZkkdZahli_j\h]hebpZb lh]^Z\gbfZgb_[m^_lijb\e_q_ghd \Zfd \Zr_cebqghklbB \h\lhjuo \u fh`_l_ gZkulblv k\hc jZkkdZa fgh`_kl\hf ih^jh[ghkl_c \ dhlhjuo m\yag_l khagZgb_ \Zr_]h kh[_k_^gbdZ A^_kv \ kmsghklb g_l gbq_]h gh\h]h êy \Zk ?keb \u ohlbl_ ^h\_klb ^h kh[_k_^gbdZ kfuke khh[s_gby b]j_d i_j_^Zggh]h \Zf g_dbfbdkhf lh \u ijhklh kdZ`_l_; kdZaZe < ?keb `_ \Zf gm`gh aZ\mZebjh\Zlv wlhlkfukelh\ugZqg_l_lZdY g_^Z\gh\b^_e; Lu_]h gZ\_jgh_ agZ_rv" Gm hg `b\_l ih mebp_ F gZ @b]meyo lj_lv_c fh^_eb _a^bl AgZ_rv \ukhdbc lZdhc kmlmeblky g_fgh]h ;ehg^bg lZdhc eukh\Zluc LZd \hl fu k gbf \klj_lbebkv \hae_ =ZkljhghfZih]h\hjbebh `bagbK_kljZm g_]haZfm`\uoh^blbdklZlbhgkdZaZe <?kebihke_wlh]h\u[m^_l_ijh^he`Zlv\ lhf`_^mo_lhkhh[s_gb_<^hkhagZgby \Zr_]hkh[_k_^gbdZg_^hc^_lZ kh^_j`Zgb_fkhh[s_gbydZdjZab fh`_l[ulvdhfZg^Z \hclb \ ljZgk b qlhlh k^_eZlv L_i_jv [he__ keh`gZy l_ogbdZ gZ\_^_gby i_j_dju\Zgb_ j_Zevghkl_c HgZ khklhbl \ lhf qlh \u ihklhyggh \ie_lZ_l_ h^gm bklhjbx\ ^jm]mx\ lj_lvx\ q_l\_jlmxB wlhfh`ghkhq_lZlvk ijyfuf\gmr_gb_f GZ\_jgh_wlhlh`_e_]q_ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlvq_fh[tykgblv< ]h^me_lhfy [ue gZ k_fbgZj_ :^ZfZ ;_jdZ \ Gh\hkb[bjkd_ Dh]^Z hg k gZfb aZgbfZeky fu g_ kjZam ihgyeb qlh qZklh ih]jm`Zebkv \ ljZgk \h \j_fy aZgylbc Hg g_ ]h\hjbe gZf ijyfh <hc^bl_ \ ljZgk hg jZkkdZau\Ze gZf jZagu_ bklhjbb H^gZ ba wlbo bklhjbc [ueZ h lhfdZdkZf:^Zfmqbekym >`hgZ=jbg^_jZ\ DZebnhjgbbb \h\j_fyk_fbgZjZ>`hg ]h\hjbe bf JZkkeZ[vl_kv b mkihdhcl_kv Y jZkkdZ`m \Zf bklhjbx h lhf dZd fu mqbebkv m FbelhgZ WjbdkhgZ dhlhjuc [ue fZkl_jhf jZkkdZau\Zlv lZdb_ bklhjbb kemrZydhlhju_ex^bih]jm`Zxlky\ ljZgk>eylh]hqlh[uih]jmablvq_eh\_dZ\ ljZgk Fbelhgfh]ijhklhkdZaZlvIj_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlh\uaZkuiZ_l_B ihf_j_lh]hdZd\u wlhij_^klZ\beb\ufh`_l_m\b^_lvkhgB \hkg_\u\b^bl_dZd\ub^_l_ihe_kmb \u hq_gv mklZeb \Zf ohq_lky jZkkeZ[blvky b mkihdhblvky B \u \b^bl_ mxlgmx em`Zcdmb aZkuiZ_l_gZg_c[ukljh b ]em[hdh Ihijh[mcl_ jZah[jZlvky \ lhf qlh ijhbkoh^bl dlh dhfm jZkkdZau\Z_l bklhjbx" Y \Zf a^_kv b k_cqZk beb :^Zf ]jmii_\jZq_c\ ]h^mbeb>`hg:^ZfmbebFbelhg>`hgm"GZklhysZykblmZpby \hlwlZj_ZevghklvmreZb \umrebbawlhcj_Zevghklb<Zr_khagZgb_g_\hkijbgbfZ_l fhxbgkljmdpbxmkihdhblvkyjZkkeZ[blvkymkgmlvdZdbgkljmdpbxihlhfm qlh g_ fh`_l ihgylv dlh k \Zfb gZ kZfhf ^_e_ ]h\hjbl <k_ ^Zggu_ fghc dhfZgû b^ml \ ih^khagZgb_dhlhjh_j_Z]bjm_lgZklhevdhmki_rghqlhfg_k_cqZkijb^_lkyihijhkblv \Zk \_jgmlvky d khklhygbx [h^jkl\h\Zgby JZkkdZau\Zgb_ bklhjbc ijblqb f_lZnhju pblZluhq_gvihimeyjgh\ wjbdkhgbZgkdhf]bigha__]hbkihevamxlb ijbgZ\_^_gbbb ijbbkihevah\ZgbbljZgkZJZkkdZau\Zybklhjbxfuh[oh^bf\hafh`gh_khijhlb\e_gb_ iZjlg_jZ l_f qlh g_ ^Z_f _fm ijbdZah\ fu \_^v ijhklh ]h\hjbf h lhf dZd ex^b ih]jm`Zxlky \ ljZgk Bklhjby iha\hey_l gZf ijbf_gblv \k_\hafh`gu_ yaudh\u_ kj_^kl\Z êy lh]h qlh[u h[_ki_qblv ieZ\guc i_j_oh^ hl khklhygby [h^jkl\h\Zgby d khklhygbx ljZgkZ khxau b h[hjhlu lbiZ dh]^Z ih f_j_ lh]h dZd \ lh \j_fy dZd ihlhfm qlh wlb kj_^kl\Z e_]dh \dexqblv \ dhgl_dkl bklhjbb @_gsbgu bf_xsb_ fZe_gvdbo^_l_cagZxldZdljm^ghaZklZ\blvboihclbkiZlvq_fkljh`_\ZrijbdZa : gm k_cqZk `_ \ ihkl_ev l_f ]jhfq_ ieZq_l j_[_ghd MfgZy fZlv ^_eZ_l bgZq_ hgZij_êZ]Z_lj_[_gdmihkemrZlvkdZadmb ]h\hjblqlhlh\jh^_GhqvgZklZeZ<hlb ex^bkiyl\hlb a\_jbkiylEbkukiylih]hjhqdZfaZcdbkiylihghjhqdZf=mkbkiyl gZ ljZ\mrd_ mldb gZ fmjZ\mrd_ >_ldb \k_ ih exe_qdZf Kiylihkiyl \k_fm fbjm kiZlv \_eyl Nhevdehjgu_ dheu[_evgu_ qZklh \dexqZxl \ k_[y lZdhc ihôh^ d mkuie_gbx j_[_gdZ Bklhjby beb f_lZnhjZ iha\hey_l \Zf aZsblblvky hl g_m^Zqb <f_klh lh]h qlh[u gZ\h^blv ljZgk kZfhfm \u fh`_l_ jZkkdZaZlv h lhf dZd y gZ\h^be ljZgkugZk_fbgZj_IhgbfZ_rvhgih^hr_edhfg_\hllZd\aye\hllZdfhxjmdmb kdZaZe K_cqZk dh]^Z l\hy jmdZ aZklu\Z_l \ wlhf iheh`_gbb lu \oh^brv \ hkh[h_ khklhygb_ khagZgby b ih f_j_ lh]h dZd jmdZ [m^_l himkdZlvky wlh khklhygb_ mkbeblky lu ihcf_rv \k_ \u]hû k^_edb dhlhjmx y l_[_ ij_êh`be b aZ[m^_rv h lhfqlhy l_[_]h\hjxgh[m^_rvkh]eZrZlvkykhfghcihlhfdh]^Zl\hyjmdZkh\k_f himklblky b wlh agZqbl qlh lu \ha\jZsZ_rvky d ykghfm khagZgbx b kfhljbrv gZ f_gy <hl qlh hg k gZfb lZf ^_eZe kZf y lZdh]h ^_eZlv [u g_ klZe Bklhjby beb f_lZnhjZ \ h[u^_gghc `bagb iha \hey_l jZajy^blv kdjulmx Z]j_kkb\ghklv \ujZablv k\h_ g_h^h[j_gb_ dhfmeb[h g_ gZijyfmx Z ijbibkZ\ _]h i_jkhgZ`m jZkkdZaZ beb pblZlu K_]h^gy mljhf y _oZe \ Z\lh[mk_ dZdhclh iZj_gv gZklmibe fg_ gZ gh]m b y kdZaZe _fm Khieyd lu wlZdbc Hq_gv fZeh ex^_c ihcf_l qlh \u kdZaZeb gZ kZfhf ^_e_ IjZ\^Z bkdmr_gguc kh[_k_^gbd lh`_ fh`_l hl\_lblv \Zf pblZlhc Y g_^Z\gh [ue gZ k\bghn_jf_ \b^_e lZf [hevrmsmx k\bgvx b kdZaZe _c Gm lu b k\bgvy Ebqgh fg_ l_ogbdZ gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ q_j_a bklhjbb gjZ\blky k\h_c mgb\_jkZevghklvx Kh\_lkdhfm khagZgbx ljm^gh^hdhiZlvky ^h p_eb jZkkdZaqbdZ ljZ^bpby jZkkdZau\Zgby bklhjbc m gZk ihqlb bkq_aeZ ;_jbl_ ex[mx kblmZpbx k\yaZggmx k _kl_kl\_gguf ih]jm`_gb_f \ ljZgk b hibku\Zcl_ __ jZa\_jgmlh Fh`_l_ jZkkdZaZlv dZd \u [ueb \ hlimkd_m fhjyb e_`Zebm \hûgZl_iehfi_kd_b qm\kl\h\ZebdZdl_ehjZkkeZ[ey_lky jZkkeZ[ey_lkyjZkkeZ[ey_lky<ukfhlj_eb\ g_[hb ijbwlhfm \Zkke_]dZdjm`beZkv ]heh\Zb \Zfohl_ehkvkiZlvKhegp_mlhfeyeh\Zr_aj_gb_b \uaZdju\Zeb]eZaZB \Zf dZaZehkv qlh \u ijh^he`Z_l_ kfhlj_lv gZ \h^m b \b^bl_ lZf e_gb\mx ju[m b ^mfZ_l_Bgl_j_kghfh`_lebju[Zqm\kl\h\ZlvjZkkeZ[e_gghklvb \iZ^Zlv\ ljZgk"< ijbgpbi_ êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ ih wlhc f_lh^bd_ fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv ^Z`_ ijh]gha ih]hûbak_]h^gyrg_c]Za_luijhklhdhff_glbjmy_]hIbrmlqlh[m^_l^h`^vY lZd ex[exkemrZlvrmf^h`^yb ih^g_]haZkuiZlv I_j_]jmadZ Ke_^mxsZy ]jmiiZ f_lh^bd [ukljh]h gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ k\yaZgZ k g_dhlhjufb hkh[_gghklyfb \hkijbylby q_eh\_dhf bgnhjfZpbb <hi_j\uo dZ`ûc q_eh\_d fh`_l mk\Zb\Zlv ihklmiZxsmx bgnhjfZpbx k hij_^_e_gghc kdhjhklvx _keb wlmkdhjhklvij_\ukblvlhkhagZgb_g_mki_\Z_lh[jZ[hlZlvgh\u_k\_^_gbyb hgbb^ml \ ih^khagZgb_ <h\lhjuo q_eh\_d fh`_l khagZl_evgh m^_j`Zlv \ djZldh\j_f_gghc iZfylb hij_^_e_gguc h[t_f bgnhjfZpbb b \k_ qlh ij_\urZ_l wlhl h[t_f lZd`_ g_ h[jZ[Zlu\Z_lkykhagZgb_fLZdbfh[jZahffh`ghgZ\_klbljZgkh\h_khklhygb_b \uclb gZdhglZdlk ih^khagZgb_fq_j_abgnhjfZpbhggmxi_j_]jmadmkhagZgby?kebkdhjhklv h[jZ[hldb bgnhjfZpbb \_kvfZ bg^b\b^mZevgZ lh h[t_f djZldh\j_f_gghc iZfylb \ kj_^g_fh^bgZdh\m \k_oex^_cb khklZ\ey_l_^bgbpubgnhjfZpbbQbkeh\ k\yabk wlbf hdZau\Z_lky ihgZklhys_fm fZ]bq_kdbf jZ^m]Z bf__l p\_lh\ \ g_dhlhjuo j_eb]bhaguo \haaj_gbyo kms_kl\m_l g_[_kguo kn_j b l ^ Lhevdh hl h[t_fZ djZldh\j_f_gghciZfylbaZ\bkblkms_kl\h\Zgb_ihkeh\bpK_fvjZahlf_jvh^bgjZa hlj_`vK_f_jhh^gh]hg_`^mlb fgh]bo^jm]boY bkihevah\Zemkdhj_ggmxih^Zqm bgnhjfZpbb jZ[hlZy k bgl_ee_dlmZevgh g_jZa\blufb iZpb_glZfb `_eZxsbfb ihdZaZlv qlh hgb g_ ih^^Zxlky ]bigham H[sZykv k gbfb fh`gh ^Z`_ g_ m^_eylv hkh[h]h \gbfZgby ih^kljhcd_ <k_ qlh gm`gh k^_eZlv wlh ihke_ ij_^\Zjbl_evghc bgkljmdpbb KemrZcl_ f_gy \gbfZl_evgh mkdhjylv l_fi k\h_c j_qb ijb f_jgh lZd <hafh`gh jZgh beb iha^gh l_[_ aZohq_lky ih]jmablvky \ ]bighlbq_kdh_ khklhygb_ fh`_l [ulv lu wlh k^_eZ_rv beb g_ k^_eZ_rv k_cqZk ieb lu wlh k^_eZ_rv g_fgh]h iha`_a^_kvj_qvklZgh\blkyhq_gv[ukljhcb \ljZgklu\hc^_rv\ lhlkZfucfhf_gl dh]^Z ihcf_rv qlh m`_ g_fh`_rv ihgbfZlvlh qlhyl_[_]h\hjx_s_[uklj__ _s_[uklj__ _s_[uklj__ L_ogbdZ bgnhjfZpbhgghc i_j_]jmadb bf__l fgh`_kl\h \ZjbZglh\ < dhgl_dkl_ e_q_[ghc ijZdlbdb gZ\_^_gb_ ljZgkZ fh`gh aZfZkdbjh\Zlv ih^ ikboheh]bq_kdh_ h[ke_^h\Zgb_ GZijbf_j y ij_êZ]Zx iZpb_glm ijh\_jylv khhl\_lkl\b_ lh]h qlh y ]h\hjx b lh]h qlh y ^_eZx K_cqZk y [m^m ijbdZkZlvky d iZevpZf\Zr_cijZ\hcjmdbb gZau\ZlvboijbwlhfZ \uijh\_jycl_ijZ\bevgheby bo gZau\Zx <hl y ijbdZkZxkv d [hevrhfm iZevpm d kj_^g_fm iZevpm ijbdZkZxkv d fbabgpm d mdZaZl_evghfm iZevpm ijbdZkZxkv d kj_^g_fm iZevpm d [_aufygghfm iZevpmd fbabgpmijbdZkZxkvd [hevrhfmiZevpmY ihkl_i_gghmkdhjyxl_fiwlh]h h[ke_^h\Zgbyb fg_g_keh`gh\klZ\blv\ k\hx kdhjh]h\hjdm ijyfmx bgkljmdpbx b dh]^Z \u ihqm\kl\m_l_ mklZehklv \hc^bl_ \ ljZgk < oh^_ h[uqghc [_k_û k iZpb_glhfy fh]mi_j_]jmablv_]hdbg_kl_lbdm[_kkbkl_fgufbdZkZgbyfbHgg_agZ_ld dZdhfmmqZkldml_eZy kh[bjZxkvijbdhkgmlvkyihlhfmqlhy ijbdZkZxkvdZ`ûcjZad jZagufmqZkldZfZ bgh]^Zih\lhjyxdZkZgb_\ h^ghclhqd_l_eZB \l_fhf_gludh]^Z _]hkhagZgb_aZgylh\hijhkhfD dZdhclhqd_l_eZy ijbdhkgmkv\ ke_^mxsbcjZab qlh \k_wlhagZqbl"y ^Zxijyfu_bgkljmdpbbh \oh`^_gbb\ ljZgk< ^_eh\hfh[s_gbb lZdb_ \ZjbZglu ijbf_gblv ljm^gh dhgl_dkl g_ kh\k_f ihôh^ysbc gh _klv \ZjbZgl dhlhjuc dZd fg_ dZ`_lky ijhklh ij_^gZagZq_g êy l_o ba \Zk dlh jZ[hlZ_l \ h^ghc nbjf_\ h^ghfmqj_`^_gbbb fh`_ljZ[hlZlv\ iZj_Wlhl\ZjbZglgZau\Z_lky^\hcgh_ gZ\_^_gb_Kmlv_]hijhklZêylh]hqlh[u[ukljhi_j_]jmablviZjlg_jZbgnhjfZpb_c d g_fm ihôh^yl ^\Z q_eh\_dZ k ^\mo klhjhg b ]h\hjyl k gbf h^gh\j_f_ggh h^bg \ ijZ\h_ moh ^jm]hc \ e_\h_ Wlm l_ogbdm fu k \Zfb hljZ[hlZ_f q_j_a mijZ`g_gb_ MijZ`g_gb_ 1R <havf_f [he__ ^_fhgkljZlb\guc \ZjbZgl êy ]jmiiu ba q_luj_o mqZklgbdh\ IZjlg_j : \uihegy_ljhev ]bighlbabjm_fh]h IZjlg_ju ; b < ihôh^yl d g_fmkijZ\Zb ke_\Zbijb[ebabl_evghkh[ex^Zyih^kljhcdmd ûoZgbxh^gh\j_f_ggh ]h\hjyl ijhklu_ nhjfmeu êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ lu klZgh\brvky kihdhcg__ lu \k_ [he__khkj_^hlhq_gb mfbjhl\hj_glufh`_rvhklZ\ZlvkyjZkkeZ[e_ggufl_[_ijbylgZ wlZ ihaZ êy \oh`^_gby \ ljZgk b l i IZjlg_j = ihôh^bl d iZjlg_jm : kaZ^b b ijbdZkZ_lky kemqZcguf h[jZahf d jZaguf mqZkldZf _]h kibgu < wlhf mijZ`g_gbb \u fh`_l_ g_ aZ[hlblvky h[ bkihevah\Zgbb ljZgkZ hljZ[hlZcl_ lhevdh gZ\ud gZ\_^_gby gZ\ud \aZbfh^_ckl\by \ ]jmii_ ]bighlba_jh\ Imklv dZ`ûc mqZklgbd mijZ`g_gby ihijh[m_lk_[y\ jZaguojheyoKZfhhlq_lumqZklgbdh\>ba\bgycl_iehohhlkdZgbehkv@ \gbfZgb_<ui_j_]jm`Z_l__]hkemob \u^_ahjb_glbjm_l__]hdbg_kl_lbdmk ihfhsvx ijbdhkgh\_gbc < mijZ`g_gbb fu kdhgkljmbjh\Zeb lZdmx kblmZpbx bkdmkkl\_ggh gh jZa\_ g_l _kl_kl\_gguo kblmZpbc lZdh]h jh^Z" Y fh]m ijb\_klb ih djZcg_c f_j_ ^\Z ijbf_jZ kblmZpbc dh]^Z i_j_]jmadZ bgnhjfZpb_c \oh^bl \ dhgl_dkl b \Zf hklZ_lky lhevdhbkihevah\Zlv__I_j\ucijbf_jdZdZygb[m^v\_q_jbgdZk fmaudhcb lZgpZfb a^_kv lh`_ aZ^_ckl\h\Zgu \k_ ljb fh^Zevghklb ex^_c <lhjhc ijbf_j jhddhgp_jl ?keb \u ihgZ[ex^Z_l_ aZ ih^jhkldZfb gZoh^ysbfbky gZ dhgp_jl_ ex[bfhc ]jmiiu dhlhjZyhq_gv]jhfdhrmfblb hke_iey_lboyjdbfk\_lhflh\uihcf_l_qlhkhklhygb_ bo khagZgby y\gh baf_g_gh Wlh fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv b \hafh`gh dlhgb[m^v m`_ bkihevam_l?kebhl\e_qvkyhlkblmZpbck\yaZgguok g_ihkj_^kl\_ggufh[s_gb_flh êygZ\_^_gbyljZgkZq_j_ai_j_]jmadmbgnhjfZpb_cm^h[ghbkihevah\Zlvl_e_\b^_gb_ Ihijh[mcl_ \gbfZl_evgh ijhZgZebabjh\Zlv k\h_ khklhygb_ \hagbdZxs__ lh]^Z dh]^Z \u\b^bl_[ukljmxkf_gmdZjlbghdgZwdjZg_\ dZ`^hcbadhlhjuo_klv^\b`_gb_Z \ g_dhlhjuo \hagbdZ_l l_dkl dhlhjuc \u g_ mki_\Z_l_ ijhqblZlv l_e_\b^_gb_ aZ^_ckl\m_l^\_fh^Zevghklbbalj_oaj_gb_b kemoqlhlh`_^Z_lohjhrb_j_amevlZlu \ gZ\_^_gbb ljZgkZ Ih^kljhcdZ d ]jmii_ FmaudZ \ gZ\_^_gbb ljZgkZ L_ ijb_fu ih^kljhcdb d h^ghfm q_eh\_dm dhlhju_ fu bamqZeb hdZau\Zxlky ijb]h^gufb êy ih^kljhcdbd ^\mfbebd lj_fiZjlg_jZf<ufh`_l_ih^kljhblvkyd iha_h^gh]hbagbo b dûoZgbx^jm]h]hfh`_l_ih^kljhblvkyd iha_h^gh]h\_jog_cqZklvxl_eZb diha_ ^jm]h]h gb`g_c qZklvx l_eZ h^gh\j_f_ggh ih^kljZb\Zykv d ij_^bdZlZf lj_lv_]h Gh dh]^Z \Zf ijboh^blky bf_lv ^_eh k ]jmiihc [hevr_c qbke_gghklb wlb ijb_fu g_^hklZlhqgu gm`gh qlhlh ^jm]h_ < jZ[hl_ k [hevrhc ]jmiihc fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv ^\Zfhf_glZ<hi_j\uoijhp_glh\ex^_cih\ur_ggh\gmrZ_fuk\_jo\gmrZ_fu b _keb\u[m^_l_]h\hjblv^hklZlhqghZ\lhjbl_lgh\uaZ\hx_l_wlmqZklvZm^blhjbbb d g_c ijbkh_^bgblky _s_ dZdZylh qZklv kemrZl_e_c <h\lhjuo \u fh`_l_ ^Zlv Zm^blhjbb qlhlh d q_fm hgZ [m^_l ih^kljZb\Zlvky Z \u bkihevam_l_ wlm ih^kljhcdm H^bgbanZdlhjh\\uau\Zxsbo_kl_kl\_ggmxih^kljhcdmZm^blhjbbd kZfhfmk_[_wlh jblf JZ[hlZy k e_q_[ghc ]jmiihc ikbohl_jZi_\lu ijbf_gyxl f_ljhghf g_\Z`gh [m^_l eb hg f_oZgbq_kdbf k dZqZxsbfky fZylgbdhf beb we_dljhgguf kh \kiuob\Zxs_cb ]Zkgms_ceZfihqdhcb jblff_ljhghfZmk\Zb\Z_lky\k_c]jmiihcGZ wlhljblfgZdeZû\Z_lkyl_dkl\gmr_gbydhlhjuc]jmiiZmk\Zb\Z_lagZqbl_evghemqr_ q_f_keb[ujblfl_dklZmklZgZ\eb\ZekZf\jZqDh]^Z_klv\g_rgbcjblfkhagZl_evgh_ \gbfZgb_hl\e_q_ghhl]h\hjys_]hhg\jh^_[ub gbijbq_fL_dkldhlhjucb^_lgZ nhg_ ex[h]h \g_rg_]h jblfZ gZ nhg_ ^jm]hc j_qb gZ nhg_ fmaudb b^_l ijyfh \ ih^khagZgb_GhjblfkZfihk_[_\klj_qZ_lky\ `bagbj_^dhh[uqghghkbl_e_fjblfZ y\ey_lky fmaudZ <Zr iZjlg_j beb \ZrZ ]jmiiZ ijhklh kemrZxl fmaudm b lhevdh \u agZ_l_qlhk\hxj_qv\ukh]eZkm_l_k jblfhfwlhcfmaudb\ k\hbop_eyoJZamf__lky\u ^he`gu ohjhrh agZlv l_ fmaudZevgu_ ijhba\_^_gby dhlhju_ bkihevam_l_ êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ qlh[u ex[h_ baf_g_gb_ jblfZ g_ k[b\Zeh \Zk Fh`gh kdZaZlv qlh fmaudZ ijb jZ[hl_ k ]jmiihc b]jZ_l lm `_ jhev qlh [ZjZ[Zg êy jhlu khe^Zl \k_ gZqbgZxlb^lb\ gh]mHq_gvmf_klgh^_j`Zlv\ k\h_fdZ[bg_l_fZ]gblhnhgk aZibkyfb kihdhcghc fmaudb \Zf wlh fh`_l \_kvfZ ihfhqv \ l_o i_j_]h\hjZo dhlhju_ ijhoh^yl gZ\Zr_cl_jjblhjbb >hfZ dhg_qgh b kl_gu ihfh]Zxl gh emqr_ \k_ `_ ijh^mfZlv b hj]Zgbah\ZlvaZjZg__\k_qlhihfh`_l\Zf\ gZ\_^_gbbljZgkZ\dexq_ggh]h\ dhgl_dkl [_k_û B ihfgbl_ qlh _keb \u h^bg jZa ih]jmabeb iZjlg_jZ \ ljZgk gZ nhg_ hij_^_e_gghcf_eh^bblh\ ke_^mxsbcjZah^gZwlZf_eh^by[m^_l\uau\ZlvljZgkh\h_ khklhygb_M^h[gZêygZ\_^_gbyljZgkZwe_dljhggZyfmaudZ[_ahij_^_e_gghcf_eh^bb Hgbijb\e_dZ_l\gbfZgb_^Z`_[hevr_q_flZdZy\ dhlhjhcf_eh^byohjhrh\ujZ`_gZ hgZhklZ\ey_l[hevr__ijhkljZgkl\hêybgl_jij_lZpbbêylh]hqlh[u\eh`blv\ __ g_hij_^_e_gghklv k\h_ kh^_j`Zgb_ k\hb i_j_`b\Zgby Ijbf_qZgb_ êy qblZl_e_c qZklv lbjZ`Z dhfie_dlm_lky Zm^bhdZkk_lhc k aZibkyfb fmaudb bkihevah\Z\r_cky gZ k_fbgZj_ Y \dexqm fZ]gblhnhg b \u kfh`_l_ ihgylv f_gy \dexqZ_l fZ]gblhnhg keurgZ lboZy fmaudZ <Zr_ wfhpbhgZevgh_ khklhygb_ m`_ gZqbgZ_l f_gylvky a\mdb fmaudb aZklZ\eyxl \Zk ih]jmablvky \ k_[y Ihq_fm wlZ g_hij_^_e_ggZy fmaudZ ijb\e_dZ_l \Zr_ \gbfZgb_" Ihq_fm ex^b lZd ex[yl kfhlj_lv gZ h]hgv gZ g_ih\lhjbfmxb]jmyaudh\ieZf_gb"Ihq_fmex^bex[ylkfhlj_lvgZh[eZdZdhlhju_ f_ê_gghf_ê_ggh^\b]Zxlkyb f_gyxlnhjfmijb^\b`_gbb"IhlhfmqlhdZ`ûcba wlbo g_hij_^_e_gguo h[jZah\ fh`gh gZihegblv k\hbf kh^_j`Zgb_f kijh_pbjh\Zlv gZ g_]h k\hc dhgnebdl k\hx g_m^h\e_l\hj_gghklv gZ dZdh_lh \j_fy hlj_rb\rbkv hl k\hboijh[e_fi_j_ihjmqb\bowlbfg_hij_^_e_ggufh[jZaZfIhf_j_lh]hdZd\Zf klZgh\blky\k_m^h[g__b mxlg__\ufh`_l_ihgylv_s_h^gmhkh[_gghklvfh_cj_qb Wlh ijhs_ k^_eZlv aZdju\ ]eZaZ : _keb ]eZaZ hldjulu lh \u \b^bl_ \jZsZxsb_ky dZlmrdbfZ]gblhnhgZb]jmk\_lZgZgbob wlhlh`_aZklZ\ey_lih]jmablvky\ k_[yY g_ijhklh]h\hjxih^fmaudmy g_fgh`dhihxk\hbfbbglhgZpbyfby hlke_`b\Zxb \Zr_ ûoZgb_ b f_eh^bx dhlhjZy fh`_l ih\urZlvky b ihgb`Zlvky Fh`_l [ulv dh]^Z \Zr_ \gbfZgb_ h[jZsZ_lky \gmljv \u hsmsZ_l_ k\hx mklZehklv <u ^_ckl\bl_evghmklZebk_]h^gy<umagZebfgh]hgh\h]hb \Zr_khagZgb_i_j_]jm`_gh B \k_lZdbk dZ`ûf\Zrbf\^hohfb \u^hohf\ufh`_l_klZlv_s_kihdhcg___s_ [he__ jZkkeZ[e_ggufb Dh]^Zlh ^Z\gh \u mqbebkv ibkZlv [md\u B \Zf [ueh hq_gv ljm^gh ijhklh ^_j`Zlv jmqdm \ jmd_ B gm`gh [ueh \uq_jqb\Zlv dZdb_lh jh\gu_ iZehqdb b djm`hqdb B \u g_ ihgbfZeb dZdhc \ wlhf _klv kfuke Lhevdh ihlhf djm`hqdb b iZehqdb klZeb kh[bjZlvky \ [md\u b dZ`^mx [md\m \Zf ijboh^behkv jbkh\Zlv aZljZqb\Zy gZ wlh fgh]h kbe b \gbfZgby B fgh]h iha`_ \u klZeb ibkZlv ^mfZylhevdhh lhfdZdhckfukeg_k_l\Zr_khh[s_gb_Z \k_hklZevgh_\uihjmqbeb k\h_fmih^khagZgbxB wlhlZdijbylgh^h\_jylvk\h_fmih^khagZgbxIhlhfmqlh lh]^Z\Zr_khagZgb_ihemqZ_ljZ^hklvhl\Zr_cjZ[hluhllh]hqlh\umqbl_kvq_fmlh gh\hfm hklZ\Zykv kihdhcgufb b jZkkeZ[e_ggufb ;m^_l hq_gv ohjhrh _keb \u \havf_l_ k kh[hc wlm jZ^hklv b kfh`_l_ hkhagZlv __ ih f_j_ lh]h dZd \u \ha\jZsZ_l_kv \ wlm dhfgZlm \ wlhl ^_gv b qZk d gZr_fm aZgylbx dhlhjh_ y [m^m ijh^he`Zlv k\hbf h[uqguf ]hehkhf ;m^_f kqblZlv qlh \u l_i_jv agZ_l_ dZd fh`gh ihevah\Zlvky fmaudhc ijb jZ[hl_ k ]jmiihc Y dklZlb g_ agZx êy dZdbo p_e_c [ueZ gZibkZgZ fmaudZ dhlhjmx \u keurZeb \jy^ eb wlh [ueh k^_eZgh ki_pbZevgh êy gZ\_^_gbyljZgkZ< ijbgpbi_`_ljZgkfh`ghgZ\h^blvohlvih^ly`_eucjhdohlv ih^ g_p_gamjgu_qZklmrdb I_j_ju\ H[km`^_gb_ K =hjbg Y jZ^ qlh \u h[mqZ_l_kv f]gh\_ggh <Zk fh`gh m`_ kqblZlv hq_gv bkdmr_ggufb fZgbimeylhjZfb khagZgb_f <Zf bgl_j_kgh ihq_fm y \Zk o\Zex" <h \j_fy h[_^_ggh]h i_j_ju\Z GZlZrZ ih^dZjZmebeZfhf_gldh]^ZHe_]g_keh`dmdhjlmb kdZaZeZ_fm: gmiheh`beh`dm B hg hlklZ\be lZj_edm k kmihf \f_kl_ k eh`dhc He_] gZ_l_y \hh[s_lh hq_gv ex[ex fhehqguc kmi Z lml m f_gy \^jm] Zii_lbl ijhiZe kf_o \ aZe_ K =hjbg Hjb]bgZevguc ijbf_j ijbf_g_gby l_ogbdb jZaju\Z rZ[ehgh\ =ZeexpbgZpbb ^jm] ^jm]mg_\gmrZeb"GZlZrZ;hbfkyK=hjbgGm^ZgZa\Zgb_kljZrgh_Fh`_lwlhy kljZgguc gh fg_ g_ihgylgh ihq_fm ex^b [hylky ]ZeexpbgZpbc" Ihgylgh qlh _keb q_jlb ih]gZebkv b h[_sZxl aZklj_eblv wlh kljZrgh gh _keb ijhklh dZdhclh h[jZa ihy\bekyq_]h[hylvky">_lbgZijbf_j]Zeexpbgbjmxlhq_gvhohlghKdZ`bj_[_gdm qlhgZmebp_\hedboh^ylihwlhfm]meylvg_ihc^_fhg\u]eyg_l\ hdghb ih^l\_j^bl >Z \hg \hed ih[_`Ze DklZlb jh^bl_eyf gm`gh mqblu\Zlv qlh ^_lkdb_ nZglZabb hq_gv j_Zevgu êy j_[_gdZ ?keb j_[_ghd ]h\hjbl qlh hg [hblky f_^\_^y dhlhjuc kijylZeky \ dhfgZl_ lh êy j_[_gdZ wlhl f_^\_^v j_Zevghklv B _keb fZfZ kdZ`_l Mkihdhckyy _]hk_cqZk\u]hgxhgih\_jblb mkihdhblky: _kebfZfZkdZ`_lG_ \Zeyc ^mjZdZ eh`bkv kiZlv j_[_ghd ihcf_l wlh lZd qlh _]h hklZ\beb gZ_^bg_ k f_^\_^_f J_iebdZ JZkkdZ`bl_ ih^jh[g__ h eh\mrdZo êy khagZgby K =hjbg Eh\mrdbêykhagZgbywlhijb\e_q_gb_khagZl_evgh]h\gbfZgbylZdqlh[ukhagZgb_ hklZ\Zehkv\h\e_q_gguf\ dZdmxlh^_yl_evghklvLhqlh\u[m^_l_^_eZlvbeb]h\hjblv \ wlh\j_fykhagZgb_iZjlg_jZg_nbdkbjm_lg_mk\Zb\Z_lg_h[jZ[Zlu\Z_lagZqblg_ ihfgbl Z\Zcl_ hl\e_q_fky hl l_fu ]bighaZ b jZkkfhljbf h^bg ^hklZlhqgh h[sbc ikboheh]bq_kdbc aZdhg ex[Zy ^_yl_evghklv hkhagZ_lky q_eh\_dhf l_f emqr_ q_f [hevr_ hgZ k\yaZgZ k ^jm]bfb ^_yl_evghklyfb Gb h^gZ ba kb^ysboa^_kv`_gsbgg_\kihfgblkdhevdhjZahgZk_]h^gyihijZ\eyeZijbq_kdmwlh Z\lhfZlbq_kdh_ ^_ckl\b_ lj_[mxs__ fbgbfZevguo mkbebc b g_ k\yaZggh_ k ^jm]hc Zdlb\ghklvx : \hl ijb_f ibsb gZijbf_j k\yaZg k dZdhclh ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvx [he__ keh`guo ^_ckl\bc l_f [he__ \ gZrbo mkeh\byo ihwlhfm \u kfh`_l_ kjZam hl\_lblv gZ \hijhk kdhevdh jZa \u k_]h^gy _eb M ex^_c kljZ^Zxsbo h`bj_gb_f ijh[e_fZqZklhkhklhbl\ lhfqlhhgbijhklhg_hkhagZxldhebq_kl\hibsbkt_^_gghc aZ^_gvHgbhdjm`Zxlk_[y_^hchgbfh]mliblZlvkyihqlbg_ij_ju\ghlZfhldmkbe lZfih`_\Zeb g_hkhagZ\Zlvwlh]hihkdhevdmijb_fibsbi_j_klZ_l[ulvk\yaZggufk dZdbflh jblmZehf dZdbfblh ^jm]bfb ^_ckl\byfb :gZeh]bqgZy ijh[e_fZ _klv m Zedh]hebdh\ b dmjbevsbdh\ Kijhkb \Zk kdhevdh kb]Zj_l \ ^_gv \u \udmjb\Z_l_ b \u hl\_lbl_ Gm ijbf_jgh iZqdm IhdmidZ iZqdb kb]Zj_l m`_ ^_ckl\b_ hgh hkhagZ_lkyaZihfbgZ_lky\ hlebqb_hldmj_gbydhlhjh_kh\_jrZ_lkyZ\lhfZlbq_kdb jmdZ\jh^_[ukZfZ\ dZjfZgihe_aeZb kb]Zj_lZ\jh^_[ukZfZ\hjlmhqmlbeZkvH^gZba f_lh^bd e_q_gby i_j_qbke_gguo khklhygbc k\yaZlv ijb_f ibsb beb Zedh]hey beb dmj_gb_ k ^jm]hc ^_yl_evghklvx k^_eZ\ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb_ ^_ckl\by hkhagZggufb GZijbf_j\u^Z_l_q_eh\_dmbgkljmdpbx^_eZlvihf_ldb\ aZibkghc dgb`d_kdhevdh kt_e b mdZaZlv dZehjZ` ibsb kdhevdh b q_]h \uibe b mdZaZlv klhbfhklv kdhevdh aZly`_dk^_eZe< blh]_ijb\uqgh_^_ckl\b_lh`_dmj_gb_klZgh\blkyly`dbfljm^hf b q_eh\_d ^_eZ_l \u\h^ q_f klhevdh ibkZlv ijhs_ g_ dmjblv J_iebdZ ?s_ ijhs_ g_ ibkZlvK=hjbgDhg_qghIhwlhfmy \k_]^Zb ih\lhjyxqlhex[h_\Zr_\ha^_ckl\b_ gZ q_eh\_dZ ke_^m_l hnhjfeylv ihôh^ysbf dhgl_dklhf L_ dlh jZ[hlZ_l k dmjbevsbdZfbihhibkZgghcf_lh^bd_\k_]^Z[_jmlieZlm\i_j_^BlZd\ha\jZsZykvd ]bighamdh]^Z\uaZgbfZ_l_q_flhkhagZgb_iZjlg_jZ\Zr_\gmr_gb_hgg_k\yau\Z_l k \Zrbfbmkbebyfbb ihwlhfmg_hkhagZ_lQ_]h\ub ^h[b\ZebkvOhjhrhDZd\b^bl_ gZ\_^_gb_ ljZgkZ hq_gv ijhklhc gZ\ud b \u \ kmsghklb aZieZlbeb fg_ g_ aZ lh qlh[u magZlv dZd ih]jmablv q_eh\_dZ \ ]bighlbq_kdb baf_g_ggh_ khklhygb_ khagZgby <uaZieZlbebaZlhqlh[umagZlvdZdwlhbkihevah\ZlvJ_axf_LjZgkh^ghba _kl_kl\_gguo khklhygbc q_eh\_dZ oZjZdl_jbam_lky h]jZgbq_gb_f \gbfZgby gZijZ\e_ggh]hgZ\g_rgbcfbjb khkj_^hlhq_gghklvxgZ\gmlj_ggboijhp_kkZoLjZgk y\ey_lkybgkljmf_glhfêymkbe_gbyj_Zdpbcb i_j_`b\ZgbcIjbagZdbljZgkZh[s__ jZkkeZ[e_gb_ furp baf_g_gb_ lbiZ ûoZgby baf_g_gb_ p\_lZ dh`b g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby GZ\_^_gb_ ljZgkZ ijhbkoh^bl q_j_a g_keh\_kgmx ih^kljhcdm b \_^_gb_ b keh\_kgmx ih^kljhcdm b \_^_gb_ J_qv ]bighlba_jZ ^he`gZ h[_ki_qb\Zlv ieZ\ghklv i_j_oh^h\hlh^gh]hkhklhygbyd ^jm]hfmb \dexqZlv\ k_[y\k_ijhbkoh^ysb_y\e_gby dZd baf_g_gby \h \g_rg_f fbj_ lZd b baf_g_gby \ khklhygbb ]bighlbabjm_fh]h Ex^yfk iheyjghcj_Zdpb_c]bighlba_j^Z_ldhfZgûgZh[hjhlFh`ghgZ\_klbljZgk bkihevamy \hkihfbgZgby ]bighlbabjm_fh]h h ij_û^msbo ljZgkZo beb _kl_kl\_gguo ljZgkZo bkihevah\Zlv ]bighlbq_kdb_ n_ghf_gu jZaju\ rZ[ehgh\ bgnhjfZpbhggmx i_j_]jmadm =E:<: BKIHEVAH<:GB? LJ:GK: B F:GBIMEYPBY KHAG:GB?FI?J<:Y KLMI?GV L_ogbdb ijbf_gy_fu_ \ wjbdkhgbZgkdhf ]bigha_ êy bkihevah\Zgby mlbebaZpbb ljZgkZ hq_gv mgb\_jkZevgu bo fh`gh ijbf_gylv lZd`_ êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ b êy \gmr_gby\ khklhygbb[h^jkl\h\Zgbyqlhbgh]^ZgZau\ZxlfZgbimeypb_ckhagZgb_f Mgb\_jkZevghklvx wlbo l_ogbd fh`gh h[tykgblv kfuke h^ghc ba j_dhf_g^Zpbc FbelhgZ WjbdkhgZ ?keb ljZgkZ g_l \_^bl_ k_[y lZd dZd [m^lh hg _klv j_q_\uo kljZl_]bc kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ K =hjbg Dhg_qgh kZfuf ijhkluf kihkh[hf bkihevah\ZgbyljZgkZ[ueZ[uijyfZybgkljmdpbyK^_eZcwlhB \\Zr_cjZ[hl_m`_ _klvbeb[m^_l^hklZlhqghkblmZpbcdh]^ZkZfufwnn_dlb\gufkj_^kl\hf\ha^_ckl\by hdZau\Z_lky ijbdZa Gh \k_ bays_kl\h wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h ihôh^Z d mijZ\e_gbx khklhbl dZd jZa \ lhf qlh ijyfu_ dhfZgû ihqlb g_ bkihevamxlky \u lh eb dhff_glbjm_l_ ijhbkoh^ys__lhebkijZrb\Z_l_iZjlg_jZh q_flhlhebkh\_lm_l_kvk gbfIjbwlhf \u ihemqZ_l_ gm`guc \Zf j_amevlZl b g_ ihemqZ_l_ khijhlb\e_gby iZjlg_jZ Wlh ^hklb]Z_lkyijbf_g_gb_fk\h_h[jZaguoj_q_\uokljZl_]bcI_j\ZybawlbokljZl_]bc ljxbafu AgZq_gb_ keh\Z ljxbaf ml\_j`^_gb_ dhlhjh_ gZoh^blky \ kljh]hf khhl\_lkl\bb k ^_ckl\bl_evghklvx [ZgZevgZy bklbgZ ?keb ih oh^m [_k_û k iZpb_glhfy ]h\hjx_fmEx^bfh]ml\iZ^Zlv\ ljZgkEx^bfh]mlfgh]hfmgZmqblvky \ khklhygbb ljZgkZ Ex^b fh]ml qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y emqr_ ihke_ \uoh^Zba ljZgkZ y fZkdbjmx \iheg_ hij_^_e_ggu_ bgkljmdpbb ih^ jZkkm`^_gby Gh wlh jZ[hlZ_l Ihijh[mcl_kha^Zlvljxbafuêy^_eh\h]hh[s_gbyHl\_luEx^bfh]mlihdmiZlv Ex^b fh]ml ihîbku\Zlv ^h]h\hju Ex^b fh]ml aZdexqZlv k^_edb K =hjbg Ij_djZkgh<lhjZykljZl_]byij_îheh`_gb_\ ebl_jZlmj_ihg_cjhebg]\bklbq_kdhfm ijh]jZffbjh\Zgbx\ufh`_l_\klj_lblvgZa\Zgb_ij_km[ihabpbywlhh^ghb lh`_ Kms_kl\mxl njZau \ dhlhjuo gZebqb_ dZdh]hlh ij_^f_lZ y\e_gby beb ih\_^_gby hq_gvbkdmkghij_îheZ]Z_lkyGZijbf_j_keb y \Zf aZ^Zf \hijhkFZjkbZg_ a_e_gu_ beb ]hem[u_" lh kZfbf \hijhkhf y ij_îheZ]Zx kms_kl\h\Zgb_ fZjkbZg ?keb ke_^myeh]bd_\hijhkZ\uhl\_lbl_FZjkbZg_g_a_e_gu_b g_]hem[u_fZjkbZg_\k_ jZ\gh hklZxlky Y bkihevah\Ze a^_kv l_ogbdm dhlhjZy gZau\Z_lky beexab_c \u[hjZ ?keb\uihfgbl_y m`_ijbf_gyewlml_ogbdmijbgZ\_^_gbbljZgkZdh]^ZkijZrb\Ze Lu ohq_rv ih]jmablvky \ ljZgk k hldjulufb beb aZdjulufb ]eZaZfb" Lu ohq_rv qlh[u y gZ\_e ljZgk k ihfhsvx keh\ beb g_keh\_kgh" DZd \kydbc m\Z`Zxsbc k_[y j_[_ghdfhy^hqvl_ji_lvg_fh`_lijbgbfZlve_dZjkl\ZB _keb\k_lZdbgm`ghqlh[u hgZ ijbgyeZ lZ[e_ldm y kijZrb\Zx Lu ohq_rv qlh[u l_[_ ^Ze lZ[e_ldm iZiZ beb qlh[u^ZeZlZ[e_ldmfZfZ"HgZgZqbgZ_l\u[bjZlvgh]eZ\gh_a^_kvlhqlhhgZijbf_l lZ[e_ldm [_a j_\Z Ij_îheh`_gby dhgkljmbjmxlky k ihfhsvx h[hjhlh\ j_qb mdZau\Zxsbo gZ \j_fy beb ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ^_ckl\bc Dh]^Z y ]h\hjx iZpb_glm I_j_^l_fdZd\hclb\ ljZgkk^_eZcl_]em[hdbc\^ho_]hkhagZgb_khkj_^hlZqb\Z_lky gZ\^ho_Z ih^khagZgb_ih]jm`Z_l_]h\ ljZgkBgh]^Zjh^bl_eb]h\hjyl^_lyfI_j_^ l_f dZd ihclb kiZlv \ufhc jmdb Wlhfm ij_êh`_gbx ljm^gh khijhlb\eylvky Qlh fh`gh\hajZablv"Y g_ohqmkiZlv"bebY g_ohqm qbklblv am[u"Ghij_êh`_gb_ p_eh_ b j_[_ghd qZklh ijh]eZlu\Z_l _]h p_ebdhf \uihegyy h[_ bgkljmdpbb Lbibqgu_h[hjhluj_qbijbf_gy_fu_\ wlhcl_ogbd_^hlh]hdZdihke_lh]hdZd\ l_q_gb_ ih f_j_ lh]h dZd ij_`^_ q_f dh]^Z \ lh \j_fy dZd b l i Ijb\_^bl_ k\hb ijbf_jubkihevah\Zgbywlbol_ogbdHl\_lu<uohlbl_dmiblvwlm\_svbeblm"<u ohlbl_ ihîbkZlv ^h]h\hj rZjbdh\hc jmqdhc beb i_jv_\hc" <u ohlbl_ aZieZlblv gZebqgufb beb q_dhf" K =hjbg <k_ ijZ\bevgh JZamf__lky g_l gb h^ghc l_ogbdb dhlhjZyjZ[hlZeZ[u\ klZijhp_glZokemqZ_\Q_eh\_dfh`_l\Zfhl\_lblvY \hh[s_g_ ohqm gbq_]h ihdmiZlv a^_kv b ijb]h^blky \ZrZ ij_^\Zjbl_evgZy ih^kljhcdZ kha^ZggucaZjZg__jZiihjl?s_h^gZl_ogbdZdhfZgûkdjulu_\ \hijhkZoH^gZ`û y h[tykgyewlml_fmk\h_fm[jZlmY kdZaZeOhjhrhy hl\_qmgZl\hc\hijhklhevdhlu g_fh][uaZdjulvnhjlhqdm"Ihke_lh]hdZdhg\klZeb aZdjuenhjlhqdmy kijhkbem g_]hAZq_fluwlhk^_eZe"Hg\ g_^hmf_gbbhl\_lbeLUf_gyihijhkbeY l_[y h[ wlhf g_ ijhkbe y \_^v aZ^Ze \hijhk fh`_rv eb lu aZdjulv nhjlhqdm" Kms_kl\mxl \hijhku gZ dhlhju_ fh`gh ihemqblv hl\_l ^Z beb g_l gh dhlhju_ ij_^mkfZljb\Zxl ^_ckl\b_ beb [he__ jZa\_jgmluc hl\_l LZd _keb \u kijZrb\Z_l_ m ijbyl_ey Lu g_ agZ_rv qlh \_q_jhf [m^ml ihdZau\Zlv ih l_e_\b^_gbx" hg \ ijbgpbi_fh`_lhl\_lblveb[hAgZxeb[hG_agZxghh[uqghhl\_qZ_lqlh[m^ml ihdZau\Zlv lZdhclh nbevf Keh\Z lbiZ agZ_l_ ihgbfZ_l_ y\eyxlky eh\mrdZfb êy khagZgbyK\hboiZpb_glh\y kijZrb\ZxBgl_j_kgh\um`_agZ_l_qlhih]jm`Z_l_kv\ ljZgk" : qlh kijhkbl_ \u" Hl\_lu Bgl_j_kgh \u m`_ agZ_l_ qlh wlh ij_êh`_gb_ hq_gv \u]h^gh êy \Zk" <u m`_ agZ_l_ dZdhc lh\Zj m gZk ijbh[j_l_l_" K =hjbg M =Zr_dZ \ Ihoh`^_gbyo R\_cdZ lh`_ _klv ijbf_j ba wlhc k_jbb R\_cd kijZrb\Z_l Qlh\uohlbl__s_kdZaZlvi_j_^l_fdZdy kimsm\Zkk e_klgbpu"Ke_^mxsZyl_ogbdZ bkihevah\Zgb_ijhlb\hiheh`ghkl_cLhqlhijhbkoh^bl\uk\yau\Z_l_k l_fqlh\Zf gm`gh qlh[u hgh ijhbkoh^beh k ihfhsvx h[hjhlZ q_f l_f GZijbf_j q_f ^hevr_ \u kb^bl_ gZ klme_ l_f ]em[`_ \u \oh^bl_ \ ljZgkQ_f ]jhfq_ a\mdb ba\g_ l_f [he__ jZkkeZ[e_gguf \u klZgh\bl_kv <Zrb ijbf_ju" Hl\_lu Q_f ^hevr_ \u \u[bjZ_l_ lh\Zj l_f k\h[h^g__ \u ^_eZ_l_ \u[hj Q_f \gbfZl_evg__ \u bamqZ_l_ ^hdmf_gl l_f e_]q_ \Zf [m^_l _]h ihîbkZlv K =hjbg Ihke_^gxx njZam dklZlb fh`gh kdZaZlv b lh]^Z dh]^Z q_eh\_d \hh[s_ g_ qblZe ^hdmf_gl \u aZjZg__ ij_îheh`beb_]h\gbfZl_evghklvl_fkZfufk^_eZeb _fm dhfiebf_gl Wlm l_ogbdm y \klj_qZe \ j_deZf_ h^ghc kljZoh\hc dhfiZgbb Q_f ^hevr_ \u ^mfZ_l_ l_f [hevr_ Zj]mf_glh\ gZoh^bl_ \ ihevam kljZoh\Zgby Ke_^mxsZy l_ogbdZ ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ \k_o \u[hjh\ ?keb \ eh`ghf \u[hj_ \u bkdmkkl\_ggh h]jZgbqb\Z_l_ qbkeh \hafh`guo \ZjbZglh\ih\_^_gbylh\ ij_^hklZ\e_gbb\k_o\u[hjh\\ui_j_qbkey_l_\k_\ZjbZglu ghb a^_kv_klvlhgdhklv\ug_keh\_kghih^q_jdb\Z_l_lhl\u[hjdhlhjucgm`_g\Zf< wlhcl_ogbd_y [m^mijhbaghkblvnjZam<uohlbl_\hclb\ ljZgkf_ê_ggh[ukljhbeb \hh[s_ g_ ohlbl_ \hclb \ ljZgk" ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf <u ohlbl_ \hclb \ ljZgk f_ê_ggh k e_]dhc meu[dhc f_ê_gguf ]hehkhf hq_gv \gylgh b \gmrbl_evgh beb [ukljhkdhjh]h\hjdhcg_\gylghfbfbdZg_cljZevgZybeb\hh[s_g_ohlbl_\oh^blv \ ljZgk" fbfbdZ ij_ajbl_evgZy ]hehk kd\hav am[u <hijhk Ihq_fm \u ih^q_jdgmebi_j\ucba\u[hjh\\_^vemqr_aZihfbgZ_lkyihke_^g__"K=hjbgWlh\Zk Rlbjebp k lhedm k[be Ih aZdhgZf iZfylb aZihfbgZ_lky gZqZeh b dhg_p khh[s_gby Z aZ[u\Z_lky k_j_^bgZ B Rlbjebp dklZlb agZe qlh \Z`gh bkdmkkl\h \oh`^_gby \ jZa]h\hjb \Z`ghbkdmkkl\h\uoh^ZbajZa]h\hjZ<ufh`_l_ih^q_jdgmlvb ihke_^gbc ba\u[hjh\ebrv[ug_\lhjhcM \Zk[ueZêbl_evgZy[_k_^Zk ^_eh\ufiZjlg_jhf\u b^_l_ k gbf ^h Z\lhfh[bey hg kZ^blky \ fZrbgm b \u ]h\hjbl_ Y g_ agZx dh]^Z \u kfh`_l_ ihklZ\blv gZf e_k \hafh`gh \u wlh k^_eZ_l_ q_j_a g_^_ex beb q_j_a f_kyp \hafh`gh g_ k^_eZ_l_ wlh \hh[s_ gh gZ\_jgh_ \u wlh k^_eZ_l_ aZ\ljZd <k_ gZ wlhf aZoehigmeZkv^\_jvb fZrbgZm_oZeZZ \ZrZihke_^gyybgkljmdpbyaZk_eZ\ ih^khagZgbb iZjlg_jZ >ey mki_rgh]h ijbf_g_gby j_q_\uo kljZl_]bc ]hlh\vl_ aZjZg__ njZau \ dhlhjuokh^_j`blkyfgh]hij_îheh`_gbch `_eZl_evghfêy\Zkih\_^_gbbiZjlg_jZ Bkihevamcl_ \ h^ghc njZa_ khq_lZgb_ jZaguo kljZl_]bc B h[yaZl_evgh mqblu\Zcl_ b \dexqZcl_\ k\hxj_qvdhgl_dklh[s_gbyb \k_qlhijhbkoh^bl\hdjm]>eyqblZl_e_c y ohqm ijb\_klb ihôh^ysbc njZ]f_gl klZlvb FbelhgZ WjbdkhgZ h[ bkihevah\Zgbb j_q_\uo kljZl_]bc Ij_îbkZgb_ g_dhc ^\hcghc aZ^Zqb h[uqgh hdZau\Z_lky [he__ ^_ckl\_gguf q_f nhjfmebjh\Zgb_ wlbo `_ aZ^Zq ihjhagv GZijbf_j fZlv fh`_l kdZaZlv>`hggb dh]^Z \u\_^_rv \_ehkbi_^ \_jgbkv b aZdjhc ]ZjZ` Wlh a\mqbl dZd _^bgh_aZ^Zgb_h^gZqZklvdhlhjh]hkihkh[kl\m_l\uiheg_gbx^jm]hclZdqlh\ p_ehf hghdZ`_lkye_]q_q_f^\Zhl^_evguoaZ^Zgby?keb[ufZlvkgZqZeZihijhkbeZ>`hggb \u\_klb \_ehkbi_^ Z ihlhf \_e_eZ _fm aZdjulv ]ZjZ`êy g_]h wlh ij_^klZ\eyehkv [u dZd ^\Z hl^_evguo g_ k\yaZgguo f_`^m kh[hc ^_eZ GZ dZ`^mx ba ^\mo ijhkv[ e_]dh [ueh[ukdZaZlvG_ohqmGhhldZahl^\hcgh]haZ^Zgby[ue[uijhklhg_ihgyl_gQlh hg hagZqZe [u" Qlh hg g_ \u\_^_l \_ehkbi_^" Qlh _keb b \u\_^_l lh g_ \_jg_lky d ]ZjZ`m" Qlh g_ aZdjh_l ^\_jv" M^_j`b\Zlv hl hldZaZ \ ih^h[ghf kemqZ_ fh`_l kZfZ kl_i_gv mkbebc dhlhju_ gm`gu qlh[u hij_^_eblv hl q_]h bf_ggh hldZau\Z_rvky : hldZau\Zlvky\hh[s_ hl \k_]hg_eh\dh Ihwlhfm >`hggb kdhj__ \uihegbl imklv b g_ohlylZdh_dhf[bgbjh\Zggh_ihjmq_gb_q_f[m^_lZgZebabjh\ZlvkblmZpbxIhijhkb _]h fZlv h ex[hc ba wlbo \_s_c ih hl^_evghklb >`hggb e_]dh fh] [u [jhkblv : ihlhfGh\ kemqZ_lZdhc^\hcghcaZ^Zqbhgg_fh`_lijhklhkdZaZlvihlhfb[h_keb hg\u\_^_lk\hc\_ehkbi_îhlhflh^he`_g[m^_lg_f_ê_ggh\_jgmlvkyd ]ZjZ`mb g_f_ê_gghaZdjulv^\_jvEh]bqghklvwlh]h_keblh^he`_gdhg_qghfgbfZygh ih\k_^g_\gZy `bagv \h\k_ g_ aZ^Zqgbd ih eh]bd_ \ g_c h[uqgh ^_ckl\mxl k\hb wfhpbhgZevgu_ j_ahgu Y g_j_^dh ]h\hjx k\hbf iZpb_glZf DZd lhevdh \u ky^_l_ \ dj_keh\u\hc^_l_\ khklhygb_ljZgkZIZpb_gldhg_qgh`_kh[bjZ_lkyk_klv\ dj_keh Gh l_i_jv wlh ^_ckl\b_ gZqbgZ_l \uklmiZlv êy g_]h dZd mkeh\b_ ih]jm`_gby \ ljZgk LZdbf h[jZahf khklhygb_ ljZgkZ bg^mpbjm_lky ^_ckl\b_f dhlhjh_ iZpb_gl k gZb[hevr_c \_jhylghklvx kh[bjZ_lky hkms_kl\blv LjhcgZy kibjZev L_ogbdZ ih^ gZa\Zgb_f ljhcgZy kibjZev FbelhgZ WjbdkhgZ êy bkihevah\Zgby ljZgkZ hq_gv [ebadZihkljmdlmj_b l_ogbd_i_j_dju\Zgbyj_Zevghkl_cêygZ\_^_gbyljZgkZA^_kv lh`_bklhjby\ie_lZ_lky\ bklhjbxghih^jm]bfijZ\beZf\ugZqbgZ_l_jZkkdZau\Zlv g_dmx bklhjbx 1R ijbf_jgh \ k_j_^bg_ __ ij_ju\Z_l_ b gZqbgZ_l_ jZkkdZau\Zlv bklhjbx1Rdhlhjmxlh`_ij_ju\Z_l_\ k_j_^bg_AZl_f\uiheghklvxjZkkdZau\Z_l_ bklhjbx1RIhlhf\uaZdZgqb\Z_l_bklhjbx1Rihke_q_]haZ\_jrZ_l_bklhjbx1R Bklhjbbih^ghf_jZfbb iheghklvxhkhagZxlkyb aZihfbgZxlky\ZrbfiZjlg_jhfZ bklhjby1RaZ[u\Z_lkyijbq_fhq_gv[ukljh\ g__\ub \dexqZ_l_bgkljmdpbbêy ih^khagZgby iZjlg_jZ Qlh[u g_ aZimlZlvky \ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb bklhjbc khklZ\vl_ k_[_ko_fmKO?F:LjhcgZykibjZevFbelhgZWjbdkhgZ Bklhjby BklhjbygZqZeh Bklhjbydhg_p BklhjbygZqZeh Bklhjbydhg_p GZqZehp_eh]hjZkkdZaZ Dhg_pp_eh]hjZkkdZwZ IhkemrZcl_h[uqgmxbklhjbxhnhjfe_ggmx\ ljhcgmxkibjZevWlhijhbahrehkh fghcdh]^Zy mqbekyijbf_jgh\ k_^vfhfdeZkk_rdheu>\hxjh^guc[jZl\ayef_gyk kh[hc gZ \_k_ggb_ dZgbdmeu \ ^_j_\gx dbehf_ljZo \ khjhdZ hl DjZkghyjkdZ <_kgZ \ lhf]h^m[ueZl_ieZyb fuk fZevqbrdZfbfgh]h[_]Zebihhdj_klghklyfZ dZdlhjZa j_rbeb i_j_[jZlvky q_j_a j_qdm lZf [ueZ fZe_gvdZy j_qdZ ihqlb jmq_c \k_ jmkeh dhlhjhcaZjhkehb\hcJ_qdZijhl_dZeZihh\jZ]mihwlhfm[ueZihdjulZev^hfohlygZ hldjuluof_klZokg_]m`_khr_e<k_i_j_rebq_j_aj_qdmih\_ldZfb dhjgyf^_j_\v_\ Z y [ue iheg_gvdbc g_mdex`bc ihkdhevagmeky b ijh\Zebeky ih^ e_^ ih r_x Ijbf_jgh\ lhf`_]h^mfubamqZeb\ rdhe_obfbxb f_gygZklhevdhaZbgl_j_kh\Zeb \aju\uqlhy ihr_e\ obfbq_kdbcdjm`hdijbbgklblml_I_j\h_q_fmgZklZfmqbeb wlh l_ogbdZ [_ahiZkghklb I_j_^ l_f dZd ^himklblv d kZfhklhyl_evghc jZ[hl_ gZf h[yaZl_evghihdZau\Zebh^bgwdkihgZlWlh[ueZ[ZgdZk nhjfZebghfZ \g_cDZd\u ^mfZ_l_qlh\ g_cojZgbehkv"Q_eh\_ddhlhjucaZgbfZekyk gZfb\ djm`d_hdZaZeky \ blh]_ emqrbf ba fhbo mqbl_e_c Bf_ggh hg jZa\be m f_gy Z[kljZdlgh_ fure_gb_ ihlhfmqlhhgex[be]h\hjblvgZf<havfbl_l_agZgbyb gZ\udbdhlhju_\uihemqbeb \ h^ghch[eZklbb ihijh[mcl_ijbf_gblvbo\ ^jm]hc?keb\um`_agZ_l_Ze]_[jmhgZ ijb]h^blky \Zf b \ obfbb : \ lhc [Zgd_ k nhjfZebghf ojZgbehkv g_kdhevdh iZevp_\ dhlhju_ hlhj\Zeh \aju\hf g_ZddmjZlghfm obfbdm G_ agZx [ueh eb wlh emqrbfkihkh[hfqlh[uijb\e_qv\gbfZgb_ih^jhkldh\d l_ogbd_[_ahiZkghklbghwlh ^_ckl\h\ZehB lhlkemqZcdh]^Zy \_kghcijh\Zebekyihê_^[uegZ\_jgh_i_j\uf kemqZ_f dhlhjuc ijb\e_d fh_ \gbfZgb_ d p_ebl_evguf kbeZf ijbjhû Y lh]^Z jZa^_eky ihoh^be [hkbdhf h^_`^m fu ijhkmrbeb gZ dhklj_ b ihke_ wlh]h m f_gy g_ [ueh ^Z`_ gZkfhjdZ <hl lZdZy bklhjby J_iebdZ ba aZeZ M`_ k_cqZk y g_ fh]m \kihfgblv\Zrmbklhjbx1RDlhgb[m^vihfgbl__"K=hjbgL_fbgl_j_kg__[m^_l ihgZ[ex^Zlv aZ l_f dZd \u [m^_l_ \uihegylv ihemq_ggmx bgkljmdpbx Ijbf_qZgb_ êyqblZl_e_c\hkijbylb_ljhcghckibjZebgZ]eZalh_klvijbql_gbbl_dklZhq_gv kbevgh hlebqZ_lky hl \hkijbylby gZ kemo b ijZdlbq_kdb g_ ^Z_l ihgylby h lhf \i_qZle_gbb dhlhjh_ ijhba\h^bl gZ kemrZl_e_c ljhcgZy kibjZev < ^hfZrgbo mkeh\byo \u fh`_l_ ihemqblv ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h ljhcghc kibjZeb _keb aZibr_l_ gZ fZ]gblhnhg hnhjfe_ggmx khhl\_lkl\mxsbf h[jZahf bklhjbx b ihkemrZ_l_ __ ijbf_jghq_j_a^\_g_^_ebihke_aZibkbDZd\b^bl_ijb\_^_ggZyl_ogbdZ^hklZlhqgh m^h[gZ _s_ b l_f qlh hgZ g_ hlgbfZ_l fgh]h \j_f_gb Fg_ ohl_ehkv [u qlh[u \u ihijh[h\Zeb k_[y \ g_c >Z\Zcl_ih^mfZ_f h lhf qlh fh`_l [ulv kh^_j`Zgb_f \Zr_c bklhjbb 1R < ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb bklhjby 1R fh`_l bf_lv lZdb_ kx`_lu \u]hû dhlhju_ \u ij_^hklZ\beb dZdhfmlh ba ij_`gbo ^_eh\uo iZjlg_jh\ [eZ]h^Zjghklv \Zrbo ij_`gbo iZjlg_jh\ beb deb_glh\ \u]h^gh_ hlebqb_ \Zr_]h ij_êh`_gby hl ij_êh`_gbc dhgdmj_glh\ b fgh]h_ ^jm]h_ dhg_qgh Y aZf_lbe qlh a^_kv gZ k_fbgZj_ \u qZklh [u\Z_l_ g_m\_j_gu \ k\hbo kbeZo \u [hbl_kv qlh m \Zk qlhlh g_ ihemqblky Imklv dlhgb[m^v ba \Zk \ie_l_l \ ljhcgmx kibjZev khh[s_gb_ lbiZ [m^vl_m\_j_gu\ k_[_MijZ`g_gb_1R<uihegy_lkybg^b\b^mZevgh<u\u[bjZ_l_ ijhklmx bgkljmdpbx ^_eZ_l_ __ kh^_j`Zgb_f bklhjbx 1R ijb^mfu\Z_l_ beb \kihfbgZ_l_ bklhjbb 1R b 1R b khklZ\ey_l_ ba gbo ljhcgmx kibjZev Bklhjby <blZeby Ihke_ lh]h dZd y aZdhgqbe \hkvfhc deZkk j_[ylZ ba deZkkZ j_rbeb hlijZ\blvkygZdZgbdmeZo\ ihohîhj_d_gZeh^dZoEh^db[uebgZ^m\gufbb g_hq_gv mklhcqb\ufb qZklh i_j_\hjZqb\Zebkv ihwlhfm ijboh^behkv lsZl_evgh \u[bjZlv fZjrjml<ijhq_f\k_fumf_ebieZ\Zlvd lhfm`_[ue`ZjdbcbxgvGZk\h_ceh^d_ y [ue dZiblZghf b fZjrjml ijboh^behkv \u[bjZlv fg_ H^gZ`û fu ihîeueb d lZdhfm f_klm ]^_ j_dZ jZa^_eyeZkv gZ^\h_ Y aZ^mfZeky ih dZdhfm ba jmdZ\h\ j_db ieulv"Iha`_fuk^_eZebijb\ZegZhkljh\_Hkljh\[ueg_[hevrbffuj_rbeb_]h h[ke_^h\Zlvb m`_\ kmf_jdZoihreb\hdjm]hkljh\ZFureb]jhfdhi_j_]h\Zjb\Zykv b kf_ykv b \^jm] dh]^Z fu [ueb gZ ijhlb\hiheh`ghc klhygd_ klhjhg_ hkljh\Z fu m\b^_eb hq_gv djmigu_ ke_û <_k_ev_ k gZk dZd jmdhc kgyeh Fu hklZgh\bebkv b dZdh_lh \j_fy klhyeb fheqZ ]ey^y gZ ke_û b ^jm] gZ ^jm]Z DZd \u ^mfZ_l_ qvb wlh [uebke_û"G_agZxba\_klgh\Zfwlhbebg_lghdh]^Ziml_r_kl\m_rv\ eh^d_ih j_d_hq_gv\Z`ghhklZ\ZlvkygZieZ\mWlhgZklhevdh\Z`ghqlhihklhygghih\lhjy_rv ;m^vm\_j_g\ k_[_m l_[y\k_ihemqblkyB l_ke_ûdhlhju_fugZrebgZhkljh\_ [uebke_^Zfbf_^\_^yFu^_j_\_gkdb_fZevqbrdbkjZamwlhihgyebGZaZ^d klhygd_ fu [_`Zeb hq_gv [ukljh b dhg_qgh kf_gbeb f_klh ijb\ZeZ <ha\jZsZykv d lhfm fhf_glmdh]^Zfg_ijbrehkv\u[bjZlvihdZdhfmbajmdZ\h\j_dbieulvfh]mkdZaZlv qlhbf_gghlh]^Zy \i_j\u_hkhagZek\hxhl\_lkl\_gghklvaZ\u[hj<k_eh^dbihieueb ih ijZ\hfm jmdZ\m Z y \u[jZe e_\uc Eh^dZ i_j_\_jgmeZkv b f_gy jZa`Zeh\Zeb ba dZiblZgh\\ ijhklu_fZljhkuBklhjbbf_lZnhjuijblqbK=hjbg<um`_agZ_l_ qlhfh`ghgZ\_klbljZgkjZkkdZau\ZybklhjbxGhq_j_abklhjbxfh`ghb bkihevah\Zlv ljZgkWlh[he__keh`gZyl_ogbdZohly[uihlhfmqlh\Zfijb^_lkykha^Zlvdhgl_dkl \ dhlhjhf iZjlg_j kh]eZkblky \Zk kemrZlv Bklhjby beb f_lZnhjZ ijb bkihevah\Zgbb ljZgkZ jZ[hlZ_l f_ê_gg__ q_f ij_û^msb_ l_ogbdb ihwlhfm y m^_eyx hkh[h_ \gbfZgb_l_ogbdZf[ukljh]hj_Z]bjh\ZgbyGhy m`_]h\hjbeqlhebqghfg_gjZ\blky ijbf_gylvbklhjbblZddZdwlZl_ogbdZklbfmebjm_l l\hjq_kdb_ kihkh[ghklb m \Zk dZd ]bighlba_jZKZfucih`Zemcba\_klgucgZk_]h^gy]bighlba_jwjbdkhgbZgkdh]hlhedZ BbkmkOjbklhk^Z\Zehq_gvfZehijyfuobgkljmdpbchkh[_ggh\ gZqZe_dZjv_juHg g_]h\hjbeex^yfijyfh;m^vl_^h[ju^jm]d ^jm]mhgijhklhgZqbgZejZkkdZau\Zlv ijblqm h lhf dZd h^bg q_eh\_d ihiZe \ [_^m \ imklug_ b klZe ijhkblv ihfhsb m ijhoh^ysbofbfhex^_cB dlhlh^_eZe \b^ qlh g_ aZf_qZ_l _]h Dlhlh]h\hjbe qlh gZ^hb^lb\ ^_j_\gx]^_ex^bihfh]ml_fmGh\hlih^hr_eq_eh\_ddhlhjucg_klZe ^Z\Zlv kh\_lu hg gZihbe kljZ`^ms_]h \h^hc \aye _]h \ k\hc dZjZ\Zg b kiZk _]h JZkkdZaZ\bklhjbxg_^_eZcl_\u\h^h\kZfbg_ihykgycl_kfukebklhjbbImklv\u\h^ k^_eZ_lkZfkemrZl_evlh]^Zhg[m^_lkqblZlvwlhl\u\h^k\hbf<ZrZaZ^ZqZkhklZ\blv lZdmx bklhjbx ihke_ ijhkemrb\Zgby dhlhjhc kemrZl_ev k^_eZ_l bf_ggh lhl \u\h^ dhlhjucgm`_g\Zf<hh[s_lhfh`gh^he]h]h\hjblvh lhfdZdbf_gghgZ^hkhklZ\eylv bklhjbb êy bkihevah\Zgby ljZgkZ Dhg_qgh gm`gh ijb\e_qv \gbfZgb_ kh[_k_^gbdZ b m^_j`Zlvwlh\gbfZgb_ihwlhfm\ugZkusZ_l_k\hxbklhjbxih^jh[ghklyfbh f_kl_b \j_f_gb ^_ckl\by h ^_ckl\mxsbo ebpZo Bklhjby ^he`gZ bghkdZaZl_evgh hibku\Zlv ijh[e_fm k dhlhjhc klhedgmeky \Zr iZjlg_j b imlb j_r_gby wlhc ijh[e_fu ijbq_f gZ^h hibku\Zlv \k_ hkgh\gu_ fhf_glu k dhlhjufb \klj_lblky iZjlg_j j_rZy ijh[e_fm GZ\_jgh_ \ ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb \Zf ijb^_lky jZkkdZau\Zlv bklhjbb h ^biehfZlZoh ]hkm^Zjkl\Zodhlhju_aZdexqZxlkhxauBebh lhfdZdex^bagZdhfylky ^jm] k ^jm]hf b magZxl qlhlh hq_gv bgl_j_kgh_ b \u]h^gh_ \ wlhf agZdhfkl\_ Ijb^mfZlv ihôh^ysmx l_fm b khklZ\blv bklhjbx ohjhr__ l\hjq_kdh_ aZ^Zgb_ Emqr_ qlh[u \ bklhjbb [ue dZdhclh xfhj dklZlb xfhj kqblZ_lky h^gbf ba dhfihg_glh\wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h]bighaZY ijb\_^m\Zfg_kdhevdhijbf_jh\wnn_dlb\gh kjZ[hlZ\rbobklhjbcbaf_^bpbgkdhcijZdlbdbH^gZ`ûf_gyihijhkbebihjZ[hlZlvk h^ghc`_gsbghcdhlhjZykh[bjZeZkvjh`Zlvb hq_gv[hyeZkv[he_cijbjh^ZoY j_rbe g_]h\hjblv_cqlh[hebg_[m^_lihkdhevdmwlh[ueh[ubgkljmdpb_ck hljbpZgb_fY ih]jmabewlm`_gsbgm\ ljZgkb gZqZe^he]hb kdmqghjZkkdZau\Zlv_ch lhfdZdl_q_l \h^Z ih j_abgh\hfm reZg]m ReZg] bf__l weZklbqgu_ kl_gdb dhlhju_ fh]ml jZkrbjylvky ?keb \ wlhl reZg] ihiZ^Z_l dZf_r_d lh ih^ gZihjhf \hû dZf_r_d ihkl_i_ggh [m^_l \uoh^blv ihlhfm qlh ^Z\e_gb_ [m^_l hq_gv kbevguf Z reZg] ijb wlhf[m^_ljZkrbjylvky_s_[hevr_B jZghbebiha^ghhgjZkrbjblkygZklhevdhqlh dZf_r_d gZqg_l \uoh^blv [ukljh Gh dh]^Z dZf_r_d [m^_l \uoh^blv reZg] _s_ jZklyg_lky hg \_^v weZklbqguc b qlh fh`_l qm\kl\h\Zlv reZg]" ?fm \k_ jZ\gh Hg ijhklh jZkly]b\Z_lky b jZkly]b\Z_lky hg \_^v êy wlh]h b ijbkihkh[e_g B dh]^Z dZf_r_diheghklvx\uc^_lreZg]hiylvijbf_lk\hxh[uqgmxnhjfmQlhhgfh`_l ijbwlhfqm\kl\h\Zlv"H^ghlhevdhjZkly`_gb_b m^h\hevkl\b_hllh]hqlh_]hnhjfZ klZgh\blky ij_`g_c @_gsbgZ [ueZ m^b\e_gZ fh_c bklhjb_c gh _s_ [hevr_ hgZ m^b\beZkvlh]^Zdh]^Zijbjh^Zog_qm\kl\h\ZeZgbdZdhc[heb<lhjhcijbf_jy \ayeba dgb]b E_keb DZf_jhg;wgê_j M g__ [ue iZpb_gl k ij_`^_\j_f_gghc wydmeypb_c [ukljh_ k_fyba\_j`_gb_ ijb iheh\hf Zdl_ b wlhfm iZpb_glm hgZ jZkkdZaZeZ lZdmx bklhjbxDh]^Z\uiml_r_kl\m_l_gZfZrbg_\ufh`_l__oZlvhq_gv[ukljh\u[bjZy ba wdhghfbb kZfmx dhjhldmx ^hjh]m Gh bgh]^Z \Zf fh`_l klZlv bgl_j_kguf lh qlh ijhbkoh^bl ih ^hjh]_ b lh]^Z \u fh`_l_ \u[jZlv [he__ êbgguc imlv B \u fh`_l_ gZkeZ`^Zlvky \k_f l_f qlh \u \b^bl_ ijh_a`Zy ih ^hjh]_ <u fh`_l_ gZkeZ`^Zlvky l_f qlh \u keurbl_ b qm\kl\m_l_ B lh]^Z \u aZf_êy_l_ kdhjhklv b \Zf klZgh\blky \k_ bgl_j_kg__ b bgl_j_kg__ Q_f f_ê_gg__ kdhjhklv l_f [hevr_ ijbylguo i_j_`b\Zgbc \u bf__l_ l_f [hevr_ ijbylguo hsms_gbc < dZdhclh fhf_gl fh`gh \hh[s_ hklZgh\blvky b gZkeZ`^Zlvky l_f qlh ijhbkoh^bl a^_kv b k_cqZk J_iebdZ ba aZeZ Hg lZd \hh[s_ g_ ijb_^_l kf_o \ aZe_ K =hjbg G_l gm ^hjh]Z êy lh]h b ijb^mfZgZ qlh[u ijb_oZlv \ dZdhclh dhg_qguc imgdl B lh]^Z hdZau\Z_lky qlh lu fh`_rv ijb_oZlv \ lhl `_ imgdl [he__ êbgghc ^hjh]hc ihemqb\ ]hjZa^h [hevr_ m^h\hevkl\byIjbf_jghlZdEx^bjZ[hlZxsb_\ l_ogbdZowjbdkhgbZgkdh]h]bighaZ qZklhkqblZxlgm`gufkhklZ\eylv^h\hevgu_êbggu_bklhjbbb ijZ\bevghkqblZxl Gh jZ[hlZlv fh]ml b k\_jodhjhldb_ bklhjbb Znhjbafu H^gZ`û ijb jZ[hl_ k iZpb_gldhc kljZ^Z\r_c ^_ij_kkb_c [he_ag_ggh ihgb`_gguf gZkljh_gb_f b ^he]h jZkkdZau\Z\r_cfg_qlh\k_\ __`bagbjmogmehb gbq_]hg_evay\hkklZgh\blvy kdZaZe Gm l_i_jv ihc^_l gZ ihijZ\dm HgZ dhg_qgh kijhkbeZ Ihq_fm" Y hl\_lbe Ihlhfm qlh om`_ g_dm^Z AgZ_l_ hgZ ijbgyeZ fhx ljZdlh\dm b \ureZ ba ^_ij_kkbbFg_kZfhfm\ k\h_\j_fyhq_gvihfh]Znhjbafdhlhjucj_dhf_g^mxb \Zf gZ kemqZc aZly`guo g_m^Zq Fh`_l_ ijbf_gylv _]h aZgbfZykv kZfh]bighahf beb êy h[h^j_gbyf_g__m^Zqeb\uo\ZrboagZdhfuo<hlwlhlZnhjbafDh]^Zy miZegZkZfh_ ^ghkgbamihklmqZeb =E:<: BKIHEVAH<:GB? LJ:GK: B F:GBIMEYPBY KHAG:GB?F<LHJ:Y KLMI?GV L_ogbdZjZkk_b\Zgby KZfuf agZqbl_evguf \deZ^hf \ jZa\blb_ ]bighaZ Fbelhg Wjbdkhg kqblZe k\hx l_ogbdm jZkk_b\Zgby ^jm]h_ gZa\Zgb_ l_ogbdZ \klZ\e_gguo khh[s_gbc HgZ ^_ckl\bl_evgh ihemqbeZ [hevrh_ jZkijhkljZg_gb_ \ [m^ms_f ijb ihbkdZo gh\uo kihkh[h\ j_deZfu ijhiZ]Zgû b ^jm]bo f_lh^h\ \ha^_ckl\by gZ bg^b\b^mZevgh_ b fZkkh\h_ khagZgb_ Bklhjbq_kdhc ij_îhkuedhc __ ihy\e_gby [ueh m\e_q_gb_ ikboheh]h\b ikbobZljh\\ ljb^pZlu_]hûgZr_]h\_dZbkke_^h\ZgbyfbZkkhpbZlb\gh]h fure_gby Kms_kl\h\ZeZ l_ogbdZ k\h[h^guo ZkkhpbZpbc q_eh\_dm ij_êZ]Zeb ih^mfZlvh _]hijh[e_f_Z aZl_fjZkkdZaZlv\k_qlh_fmijboh^blgZmf\ k\yabk wlbf ex[u_\hkihfbgZgbykgh\b^_gbyex[u_ih[hqgu_b^_bg_k\yaZggu_dZaZehkv[uk ^Zgghcijh[e_fhceh]bq_kdbHdZaZehkvqlh\ ihemq_gghfihlhd_\jh^_[u[_kk\yaguo fuke_c k\h[h^guo ZkkhpbZpbc _klv keh\Z agZqbfu_ êy ihgbfZgby ijh[e_fu q_eh\_dZ b wlb agZqbfu_ keh\Z q_eh\_d h[yaZl_evgh h[hagZqZ_l dZdbflh h[jZahf iZmahc kf_ghc bglhgZpbb `_klZfb Ba h[hagZq_gguo keh\ fh`gh keh`blv \iheg_ k\yaguc jZkkdZa h lhf qlh ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ijh[e_fZ gZ kZfhf ^_e_ Ohjhrbc ke_^h\Zl_evagZ_lqlhg_gZ^hi_j_[b\Zlvb hklZgZ\eb\Zlvq_eh\_dZdhlhjucm\e_q_ggh \j_l ^Zcl_ _fm ijh^he`Zlv \jZlv b hg jZkkdZ`_l \Zf \kx ijZ\^m B^_y WjbdkhgZ khklhyeZ \ lhf qlh[u bkihevah\Zlv wlhl ijhp_kk \ h[jZlghf ihjy^d_ khklZ\blv l_dkl \gmr_gby Z aZl_f jZkl\hjblv _]h \ dZdhflh jZkkdZa_ g_cljZevgh]h kh^_j`Zgby h[hagZqZy \ihke_^kl\bb g_dbf kihkh[hf agZqbfu_ keh\Z khklZ\eyxsb_ l_dkl \gmr_gby ?]h bgl_j_kh\Zeh [m^_l eb q_eh\_d ih^khagZl_evgh mk\Zb\Zlv lZdb_ aZfZkdbjh\Zggu_\gmr_gby"Ijbwdki_jbf_glZevghcijh\_jd_\uykgbehkvqlhl_ogbdZ \klZ\e_gguo khh[s_gbc y\ey_lky kZfhc emqr_c eh\mrdhc êy khagZgby I_j\u_ wnn_dlb\gu_ ijbf_ju bkihevah\Zgby l_ogbdb jZkk_b\Zgby \ f_^bpbgkdhc ijZdlbd_ klZeb oj_klhfZlbcgufb Hgb baeZ]Zxlky beb ohly [u mihfbgZxlky \ dZ`^hc dgb]_ ih wjbdkhgbZgkdhfm ]bigham ih^ gZa\Zgb_f bklhjby h ihfb^hj_ b bklhjby h kl_gh]jZnbkld_ Fg_ g_ ohl_ehkv [u i_j_kdZau\Zlv wlb bklhjbb ijhqblZcl_ bo \ baeh`_gbbkZfh]hFbelhgZWjbdkhgZ Fbelhg Wjbdkhg ]] >`h [ue p\_lh\h^hf Hg gZqZe k\hx dZjv_jm lhj]mygZmebp_p\_lZfb>`hhldeZû\ZeaZjZ[hlZggu_]jhrbqlh[ukgh\Zijbh[j_klb p\_luihlhfijh^Zlvbodmiblvgh\u_b l^<kdhj_hgkfh]dmiblvg_[hevrhcmqZklhd a_feb L_i_jv m g_]h ihy\beZkv \hafh`ghklv bf_lv _s_ [hevr_ p\_lh\ Hg \ujZsb\Ze bok lZdhcex[h\vxb lZdgZkeZ`^ZekybodjZkhlhclZdohl_eih^_eblvkywlhcdjZkhlhc k ^jm]bfb qlh ^_eh _]h reh ij_djZkgh b hg ijbh[j_lZe \k_ [hevr_ a_feb qlh[u \ujZsb\ZlvgZg_f\k_[hevr_p\_lh\b l^b l^< dhgp_ dhgph\ hg klZe \_^msbf p\_lh\h^hf h^gh]h [hevrh]h ]hjh^Z >`h kljZklgh ex[be k\h_ ^_eh [ue iheghklvx ih]ehs_gbfb \lh`_\j_fy[ueohjhrbffm`_fohjhrbfhlphfohjhrbf^jm]hfb hq_gv m\Z`Z_fuf qe_ghf f_klgh]h h[s_kl\Z Gh \hl \ jhdh\hc k_gly[jvkdbc ^_gv objmj]Zf ijbrehkv m^Zeblv himohev \hagbdrmx m g_]h gZ s_d_ klZjZykv g_ kebrdhf h[_ah[jZablv ebph >`h Himohev hdZaZeZkv aehdZq_kl\_gghc ;ueZ gZagZq_gZ jZ^bdZevgZy l_jZiby gh \jZqb \ugm`^_gu [ueb ijbagZlv qlh kebrdhf iha^gh ;hevghfm khh[sbeb qlh _fm hklZeky f_kyp Qlh b ]h\hjblv >`h [ue khdjmr_g b ih^Z\e_g FZeh lh]h _]h fmqbeb kbevg_crb_ [heb Dh]^Z ihôh^beZ d dhgpm \lhjZy g_^_eyhdly[jyjh^kl\_ggbdb>`hihijhkbebZ\lhjZdZdfh`gh[uklj__ihk_lblv_]h\ debgbd_ b ihiulZlvky k ihfhsvx ]bighaZ h[e_]qblv _]h kljZ^Zgby ihkdhevdm gZjdhlbq_kdb_ij_iZjZlum`_fZehihfh]ZebMagZ\h ijh]gha_^Zgghf>`hZ\lhj[_a hkh[h]h wglmabZafZ kh]eZkbeky ijb_oZlv ihklZ\b\ mkeh\b_ qlh \ ^_gv \bablZ \ky f_^bdZf_glhagZy l_jZiby [m^_l hlf_g_gZ k q_luj_o mljZ <jZqb e_qb\rb_ >`h ex[_agh kh]eZkbebkv wlh k^_eZlv I_j_^ kZfhc \klj_q_c k iZpb_glhf Z\lhjZ ij_^mij_^beb qlh hg g_ \ughkbl ^Z`_ mihfbgZgby keh\Z ]bigha <^h[Z\hd d wlhfm h^bg ba ^_l_c >`h fheh^hc \jZq ijhoh^b\rbc klZ`bjh\dm \ ba\_klghc ikbobZljbq_kdhcdebgbd_lh`_g_\_jbe\ ]bighaGZg_]hg_fh]g_ih\ebylvlhlnZdl qlh khljm^gbdb wlhcdebgbdbjZa^_eyeb kZfh_ kd_ilbq_kdh_ hlghr_gb_ d ]bigham LZf g_ [ueh gZkdhevdh ba\_klgh Z\lhjm gb h^gh]h \jZqZ dhlhjuc bf_e [u fZe_crbc g_ihkj_^kl\_gguc hiul \ wlhc h[eZklb BlZd wlhl fheh^hc \jZq ^he`_g [ue ijbkmlkl\h\Zlv ijb \klj_q_ Z\lhjZ k >`h b lhl hq_\b^gh agZe h _]h hlghr_gbb d ]bigham >`h \klj_lbe Z\lhjZ hq_gv ex[_agh b ijb\_leb\h Kdhj__ \k_]h hg g_ agZe h ijbqbg_\bablZIjbhkfhlj_iZpb_glZhdZaZehkvqlhihjZ`_ggucmqZklhds_dbb r_b ih kmlb hlkmlkl\h\Zeb \ j_amevlZl_ ijh^he`Z\rboky ihke_ hi_jZpbb ijhp_kkh\ batya\e_gbyb g_djhaZ>`h[ueZk^_eZgZljZo_hlhfbyihwlhfmhgg_fh]]h\hjblvHg h[sZekyk ihfhsvxdZjZg^ZrZb [mfZ]biZqdbdhlhjhc[uebm g_]h\k_]^Zih^jmdhc F_gyijhbgnhjfbjh\ZebqlhdZ`û_q_luj_qZkZ>`hihemqZ_lgZjdhlbdbb fhsgu_ ^hau k_^Zlb\guo ij_iZjZlh\ [Zj[blmjZlh\hc ]jmiiu KiZe hg fZeh Jy^hf k gbf ihklhyggh gZoh^beZkv ^_`mjgZy kb^_edZ >`h lh b ^_eh \kdZdb\Ze k djh\Zlb b ibkZe [_kqbke_ggu_ aZibkdb < h^gbo ba gbo hg ibkZe qlhlh ih ih\h^m jZ[hlu \ ^jm]bo h[jZsZekyd k_fv_ghqZs_\k_]hwlh[ueb`Zeh[ugZkljZ^Zgbydhlhju_hgbkiulu\Ze b lj_[h\Zgby^hihegbl_evghcihfhsbHkljZy[hevfmqbeZ_]h[_kij_ju\ghb hggbdZd g_fh]ihgylvihq_fm\jZqbg_fh]ml^_eZlvk\h_^_ehlZd`_ohjhrhdZdhg^_eZek\h_ KblmZpby \ dhlhjmx hg ihiZe ijhklh [_kbeZ _]h Hg jZkp_gb\Ze __ dZd g_m^Zqm Z ]eZ\guf f_jbehf \ _]h `bagb \k_]^Z [ue mki_o dhlhjh]h fh`gh ^h[blvky q_klguf ljm^hfDh]^Z^_eZ\ _]h[bag_k_rebiehohhg^_eZe\k_qlh[uboihijZ\blvIhq_fm `_ \jZqb wlh]h g_ ^_eZeb" M gbo \_^v _klv h[_a[heb\Zxsb_ kj_^kl\Z ihq_fm `_ hgb iha\heyxl _fm kljZ^Zlv hl lZdhc g_kl_jibfhc [heb" Ihke_ lh]h dZd gZk ij_^klZ\beb ^jm] ^jm]m >`h gZibkZe Q_]h \u ohlbl_" Wlhl \hijhk ihkem`be ohjhrbf gZqZehf êy ijbf_g_gby Z\lhjhf _]h f_lh^Z gZ\_^_gby ]bighlbq_kdh]h ljZgkZ b kgylby [heb A^_kv g_ [m^_l iheghklvx \hkijhba\_^_gh \k_ qlh ]h\hjbehkv \h \j_fy k_ZgkZ ihkdhevdmfgh]b_qZklbwlh]hêbggh]hfhgheh]Zih\lhjyebkvihg_kdhevdmjZaijbq_f g_ h[yaZl_evgh \ h^ghc b lhc `_ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb b g_j_^dh \ khdjZs_gghf \b^_ dh]^Z ^_eZeZkv kkuedZ gZ lh qlh ]h\hjbehkv jZgvr_ b ih\lhjyehkv lhevdh g_kdhevdh njZa Gm`gh ijbagZlvky qlh Z\lhj hq_gv khfg_\Zeky \ \hafh`ghklb dZdh]h [u lh gb [ueh j_amevlZlZ lZd dZd ihfbfh ly`_eh]h nbabq_kdh]h khklhygby m >`h gZ[ex^Zebkv y\gu_ ijbagZdb bglhdkbdZpbhgguo jZkkljhckl\ \ua\Zgguo ijb_fhf [hevrh]h dhebq_kl\Zf_^bdZf_glh\G_kfhljygZ lh qlh Z\lhj \_kvfZ g_\ukhdh hp_gb\Ze rZgku gZmki_ohg[uem\_j_g\ h^ghfqlh^he`_gb fh`_lhklZ\blvk\hbkhfg_gbyijbk_[_ b \k_f k\hbf ih\_^_gb_f lhghf dZ`^h]h kdZaZggh]h keh\Z ihdZaZlv >`h qlh hg bkdj_gg_ aZbgl_j_kh\Zg \ g_f b ohq_l _fm ihfhqv ?keb ^Z`_ lhevdh wlh khh[s_gb_ fh`gh[ueh[u^hg_klb^h>`hlhm`_h^ghwlhijbg_keh[ug_dhlhjh_h[e_]q_gb_b kZfhfm >`h b _]h k_fv_ b f_^k_kljZf dhlhju_ jZkiheZ]Zebkv \ khk_^g_c dhfgZl_ b dhlhjuf\k_[uehkeurgh:\lhjgZqZe>`hy ohl_e[uih[_k_^h\Zlvk \ZfbY agZx qlh\up\_lh\h^b aZgbfZ_l_kv\ujZsb\Zgb_fp\_lh\AgZ_l_kZfy \ujhkgZn_jf_\ <bkdhgkbg_b ylh`_ex[be\ujZsb\Zlvp\_luB ^hkboihjex[exGm\hly ohl_e[u qlh[u\uk_eb\ wlhmxlgh_dj_kehZ y[m^m]h\hjblvY jZkkdZ`m\Zfh kZfuojZaguo \_sZoghg_h p\_lZoihc^_lj_qvihlhfmqlh\uagZ_l_h p\_lZogZfgh]h[hevr_f_gy G_ h p\_lZo Wlh g_ lh q_]h \u ohlbl_ QblZl_ev aZf_lbl qlh hij_^_e_gguc rjbnl bkihevam_lky êy \u^_e_gby \djZie_gguo ]bighlbq_kdbo \gmr_gbc Wlh fh]ml [ulv hl^_evgu_ keh]b keh\Z njZau beb ij_êh`_gby ijhbaghkbfu_ k hkh[hc bglhgZpb_c : l_i_jvy kihdhcghfh]mgZqZlvk\hcjZkkdZab fg_ohl_ehkv[uqlh[u\ukihdhcgh kemrZeb f_gy ihdZ y [m^m jZkkdZau\Zlv h kZ`_gpZo ihfb^hjZ <u fh`_l [ulv b m^b\bl_kvK q_]h[ugZf]h\hjblvh ihfb^hj_K_f_qdhihfb^hjZkZ`Zxl\ a_fexb k gZ^_`^hc h`b^Zxl qlh ba g_]h \ujZkl_l jZkl_gb_ b ^Zkl ieh^ dhlhjuc ijbg_k_l m^h\e_l\hj_gb_ K_f_qdh \iblu\Z_l \eZ]m wlh g_ hq_gv ljm^gh ihlhfm qlh wlhfm ihfh]Zxl^h`^bdhlhju_g_kmlfbjb ihdhcb jZ^hklvjhklZ\k_fp\_lZfb ihfb^hjZf Wlh fZe_gvdh_ k_f_qdh >`h f_ê_ggh gZ[moZ_l b \uimkdZ_l fZe_gvdbc dhj_rhd k pbebyfb<ufh`_l[ulvg_agZ_l_qlhlZdh_pbebbpbebbwlhlZdb_rlmdbdhlhju_ jZ[hlZxl qlh[u ihfhqv k_f_qdm ihfb^hjZ \ujZklb ijh[blvky ba a_feb gZ\_jo Z \u fh`_l_ ijhklh kemrZlv f_gy >`h ihdZ y [m^m ijh^he`Zlv k\hc jZkkdZa <u fh`_l_ kemrZlv b kemrZlv f_gy b m^b\eylvky ijhklh m^b\eylvky lhfm qlh \u ^_ckl\bl_evgh fh`_l_magZlv<hl\ZfdZjZg^Zrb [ehdghlZ qlhdZkZ_lkyihfb^hjZlhhgjZkl_lhq_gv f_ê_ggh<ug_\b^bl_dZdhgjZkl_l<ug_keurbl_dZdhgjZkl_lZ hgjZkl_lk_[_ ijh[b\Zxlky i_j\u_ djhohlgu_ ebklhqdb kl_[_ev ihdju\Z_lky g_`gufb \hehkdZfb ihlhf lZdb_ `_ \hehkdb ihy\eyxlky b gZ ebklvyo Hgb hq_gv gZihfbgZxl pbebb gZ dhjgyo b ^he`gh [ulv iha\heyxl jZkl_gbx qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y hq_gv ohjhrh hq_gv mxlgh_keb\ufh`_l_ij_^klZ\blvqlhjZkl_gb_fh`_lqm\kl\h\Zlv<ug_\b^bl_dZd hghjZkl_l\ug_qm\kl\m_l_dZdhghjZkl_lgh\hl_s_h^bgebklhdihy\ey_lkygZwlhf djhohlghf kl_[_evd_ Z ihlhf _s_ h^bg DZd agZlv imklv wlh a\mqbl ih^_lkdbgZb\gh gh fh`_l [ulv dmkl ihfb^hjZ ^_ckl\bl_evgh hsmsZ_l ihdhc b fbj ihdZ jZkl_l DZ`ûc ^_gv hg jZkl_l b jZkl_l b jZkl_l DZdhc ihdhc hsmsZ_rv >`h dh]^Z gZ[ex^Z_rvdZdjZkl_ljZkl_gb_ghg_\b^brv_]hjhklZb g_qm\kl\m_rv_]hZ lhevdh agZ_rvqlh\k_b^_ld emqr_fmêywlh]hfZe_gvdh]hihfb^hjZgZdhlhjhfihy\ey_lky _s_h^bgebklhdb _s_h^bgb gh\Zy\_lhqdZb hgkihdhcghk_[_jZajZklZ_lky\h\k_o gZijZ\e_gbyo Fgh]h_ ba \ur_kdZaZggh]h [ueh d wlhfm fhf_glm fgh]hdjZlgh ih\lhj_gh bgh]^Z hl^_evgu_ keh\Z bgh]^Z jZa\_jgmlu_ ij_êh`_gby G_fZeh\Z`guf khh[jZ`_gb_f [ueh gZoh^blv lZdb_ jZagu_ keh\_kgu_ nhjfmebjh\db êy h^gbo b l_o `_ b^_c Z lZd`_ fgh]hdjZlgh ih\lhjylv ]bighlbq_kdb_ \gmr_gby Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy ihke_ gZqZeZ k_ZgkZ \ dhfgZlm gZ puihqdZo \hreZ `_gZ >`h k ebklhf[mfZ]bgZdhlhjhf[uehgZibkZghDh]^Z\ugZf_j_gugZqZlv]bigha":\lhj g_fh]jZkkfhlj_lvgZîbkvgZebkl_b _cijbrehkviheh`blvebklijyfhi_j_^gbfb khhl\_lkl\_ggh i_j_^ >`h G_ ij_ju\Zykv Z\lhj ijh^he`Ze hibku\Zlv ihfb^hj Z kmijm]Z >`h \a]eygm\ gZ fm`Z aZf_lbeZ qlh hg __ kh\_jr_ggh g_ \b^bl b ^Z`_ g_ ih^haj_\Z_l h __ ijbkmlkl\bb gZoh^ykv \ khfgZf[mebq_kdhf ljZgk_ Ihke_ wlh]h hgZ kjZam `_ m^ZebeZkv : \kdhj_ gZ jZkl_gbb aZ\y`_lky i_j\Zy ihqdZ G_\Z`gh gZ dhlhjhc ba \_lhq_d wlh ijhbahc^_l \_^v kdhjh \k_ \_lhqdb \_kv dmkl ihfb^hjZ ihdjhxlky lZdbfb `_ g_`gufb ihqdZfb Bgl_j_kgh fh`_l eb ihfb^hj >`h bkiulu\Zlv hsms_gb_ ihdhy" AgZ_l_ >`h jZkl_gb_ qm^_kgZy rlmdZ b lZd ijbylgh lZd aZ[Z\gh ^mfZlv h g_f dZd h q_eh\_d_ Fh]eh [u lZdh_ jZkl_gb_ bkiulu\Zlv ijbylgu_ hsms_gby qm\kl\h ihdhy ih f_j_ lh]h dZd gZqbgZxl nhjfbjh\Zlvky djhohlgu_ihfb^hjqbdblZdb_djhohlgu_b \k_`_m[_`^Zxsb_l_[y\ lhfqlhkmf_xl ijh[m^blv l\hc Zii_lbl qlh \kdhj_ l_[_ lZd aZohq_lky kt_klv ki_euc ih^jmfyg_gguc khegp_fihfb^hjlZdijbylghgZihegblv`_em^hd_^hcDZdwlhij_djZkghhsmsZlv k_[yj_[_gdhfdhlhjucohq_liblvb mlhey_l`Z`^mohl_lviblv>`hb mlheylvk\hx `Z`^m <hl qlh qm\kl\m_l ihfb^hj dh]^Z b^_l ^h`^v b hk\_`Z_l \k_ \hdjm] b klZgh\blky lZd ohjhrh iZmaZ AgZ_l_ >`h dmkl ihfb^hjZ jZkl_l [md\Zevgh dZ`ûc ^_gv gZ[bjZ_lky kbe ^_gv hlh ^gy AgZ_l_ >`h fg_ ihq_fmlh dZ`_lky qlh ihfb^hj fh`_l bkiulu\Zlv \ iheghc f_j_ ihdhc b mxl dZ`ûc ^_gv AgZ_l_ >`h [md\Zevgh dZ`ûc ^_gv ^_gv hlh ^gy B lh `_ ijhbkoh^bl kh \k_fb gZ k\_l_ ihfb^hjZfb <g_aZigh >`h \ur_e ba ljZgkZ klZe ijhy\eylv ijbagZdb ^_ahjb_glZpbb \kdhqbe gZ djh\Zlv ijbgyeky jZafZob\Zlv jmdZfb Ih \k_f ijbagZdZf _]h ih\_^_gb_ gZihfbgZeh oZjZdl_jgu_ ijbklmiu dhlhju_ \hagbdZxl \ke_^kl\b_ [Zj[blmjh\hc bglhdkbdZpbb DZaZehkv>`hkh\k_fg_\b^blb g_keurblZ\lhjZH^gZdhg_h`b^Zggh>`hkiju]gmek ihkl_ebb ^\bgmeky\ gZijZ\e_gbbZ\lhjZJmdm>`hk\_eZkbevgZyghdjZldh\j_f_ggZy km^hjh]Z ;ueZ \ua\ZgZ kb^_edZ HgZ \ul_jeZ bkiZjbgm k _]h e[Z k^_eZeZ i_j_\yadm b ^ZeZ q_j_a ljm[dm g_fgh]h \hû kh ev^hf Ihke_ wlh]h >`h iha\hebe Z\lhjm \gh\v mkZ^blv k_[y \ dj_keh < hl\_l gZ ihiuldm Z\lhjZ ihbgl_j_kh\Zlvky khklhygb_f _]h ij_îe_qvy >`h ko\Zlbe dZjZg^Zr b [mfZ]m b gZibkZe JZkkdZau\Zcl_ jZkkdZau\Zcl_:o^Z>`hkZfy \ujhkgZn_jf_b ^mfZxqlhk_f_qdhihfb^hjZ aZf_qZl_evgZy\_svIh^mfZcl_>`hlhevdhih^mfZcl_\_^v\ wlhffZe_gvdhfk_f_qd_ gZkZfhf^_e_ihdhblkylZd_kl_kl\_gghlZdmxlghdjZkb\h_jZkl_gb_dhlhjh__s_gZ^h \ujZklblv dhlhjh_ jh^bl lZdb_ aZ[Z\gu_ ebklvy b \_ldb Ebklvy b \_ldb lZd djZkb\u lZdh]h djZkb\h]h a_e_gh]h p\_lZ lu fh`_rv ^_ckl\bl_evgh ihqm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y kqZkleb\uf ]ey^y gZ k_f_qdh ihfb^hjZ b jZafureyy h lhf aZf_qZl_evghf jZkl_gbb dhlhjh_ \ g_f aZdexq_gh dhlhjh_ \ g_f fbjgh ihdhblky kihdhcgh b mxlgh >`h Y k_cqZkihc^mihh[_^ZlvZ dh]^Z\_jgmkvfuijh^he`bfBaaZibkbwlh]hk_ZgkZ\b^gh gZkdhevdh ijhklh ]bighl_jZi_\lbq_kdb_ \gmr_gby fh]ml [ulv \dexq_gu \ dZg\m \gmr_gbc gZijZ\e_gguo gZ gZ\_^_gb_ ljZgkZ b _]h ih^^_j`Zgb_ Ihke_^gb_ \ lZdhf kemqZ_[_jmlgZk_[y^hihegbl_evgmxnmgdpbxk\h_]hjh^Zghkbl_eyl_jZi_\lbq_kdh]h \ha^_ckl\by Hkh[h ke_^m_l \u^_eblv ijhkv[m >`h qlh[u Z\lhj jZkkdZau\Ze HgZ hagZqZ_l qlh g_kfhljy gZ bglhdkbdZpbx i_jbh^bq_kdb ^Z\Z\rmx h k_[_ agZlv \ \b^_ ijbklmih\>`h[ue\g_\kydbokhfg_gbc^hklmi_gêydhglZdlZ;he__lh]hhg[ukljh mk\hbe bf_ggh lh qlh gm`gh ba wlhc Z[kmj^ghc bfijh\baZpbb ijh k_f_qdh b jhklhd dhlhjmx hg \ukemrZe hl Z\lhjZ M >`h g_ [ueh dhg_qgh gbdZdh]h bgl_j_kZ d [_kkfuke_ggufb [_kdhg_qgufjZkkm`^_gbyfh ihfb^hjghfdmkl_Hgohl_eba[Z\blvky hl[hebohl_eihdhyhlûoZkgZ<hld q_fmklj_fbeZkv_]h^mrZ\hlq_]hhgkljZklgh `_eZe H^gZdh bf_ggh wlZ hkljZy ihlj_[ghklv aZklZ\eyeZ _]h b \ [hjfhlZgbb Z\lhjZ iulZlvky gZclb qlhlh ihe_agh_ êy k_[y B lZf [ue wlhl `_eZgguc kfuke ijbq_f \ujZ`_gguc \ lZdhc nhjf_ qlh >`h fh] dZd [u g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh \hkijbgbfZlv _]h kh\_jr_ggh g_ hkhagZ\Zy wlh]h >`h \ur_e ba ljZgkZ kimkly kqblZggu_ fbgmlu ihke_ lh]hdZdZ\lhjijhbag_kdZaZehkv[ukh\_jr_gghg_\bggmxnjZamohq_liblv>`h G_ khklZ\beh hkh[h]h ljm^Z b ih\lhjgh_ \\_^_gb_ \ ljZgk Hgh [ueh ^hklb]gmlh ijb ihfhsb ^\mo dhjhldbo njZa ih^mfZcl_ >`h ih^mfZcl_ b ihdhblky lZd _kl_kl\_gghlZdmxlgh\dexq_gguo\ ^hklZlhqgh[_kkfuke_ggucgZ[hjb^_cH^gZdh ih\lhjbf\ wlhfdZaZehkv[u[_kkfuke_gghfih\_kl\h\Zgbbkh^_j`Zehkvlh\ q_flZd gm`^Zeky>`hb hgkjZam`_\hkijbgyewlhDZdjZkkdZaZeZkb^_edZaZh[_^hf>`h[ue ihgZqZem kihdh_g gh ihlhf f_ê_ggh klZeh gZjZklZlv [_kihdhckl\h b ijhbahr_e hq_j_^ghcbglhdkbdZpbhggucijbklmiD lhfm\j_f_gbdh]^ZZ\lhj\_jgmeky>`h`^Ze _]h k g_l_ji_gb_f >`h ih`_eZe h[sZlvky k ihfhsvx aZibkhd G_dhlhju_ ba gbo g_\hafh`gh[uehjZah[jZlvlZddZdibkZehgdjZcg_lhjhieb\hb ihlhfk jZa^jZ`_gb_f bo i_j_ibku\Ze H^bg ba jh^kl\_ggbdh\ ihfh] Z\lhjm jZkrbnjh\Zlv wlb aZibkdb Bo kh^_j`Zgb_dZkZehkvkZfh]h>`h_]hijhrehc`bagb_]h[bag_kZ_]hk_fvbm`Zkghc ijhrehcg_^_ebb m`Zkgh]h\q_jZrg_]h^gyLZfg_[uehgb`Zeh[gblj_[h\Zgbc ebrvg_kdhevdhjZa\klj_qZeZkvijhkv[Zd Z\lhjmjZkkdZaZlvh k_[_GZrZ[_k_^ZijhreZ ^hklZlhqghmki_rghih djZcg_c f_j_ km^y ih lhfm qlh \ha[m`^_gb_>`h ihkl_i_ggh me_]ehkv Dh]^Z `_ _]h ihijhkbeb i_j_klZlv jZkrZ]b\Zlv ih dhfgZl_ b k_klv \ dj_keh dhlhjh_ hg aZgbfZe ijhr_^rbf mljhf hg k ]hlh\ghklvx \uihegbe wlm ijhkv[m b h`b^Zxs_\a]eygme\ klhjhgmZ\lhjZAgZ_l_>`hy fh][u_s_jZkkdZaZlv\Zfh jhkl_ ihfb^hjZ b lh]^Z kemrZy fhc jZkkdZa \u \_jhylgh aZkg_l_ \ kZfhf ^_e_ ohjhrh b dj_idh aZkg_l_ Wlh \\h^gh_ \ukdZau\Zgb_ ih \k_f ijbagZdZf _klv g_ [he__ q_f fZehagZqZsZyh[sZynjZaZ?kebiZpb_glj_Z]bjm_lgZg__]bighlbq_kdbdZdwlhkjZam `_ kemqbehkv k >`h lh \k_ \ ihjy^d_ ?keb `_ iZpb_gl g_ hldebdZ_lky lh kdZaZggh_ \Zfb [ueh \k_]h ebrv g_kms_kl\_gghc ijhoh^ghc njZahc Kemqbkv lZd qlh >`h g_ \hr_e [u f]gh\_ggh \ ljZgk ^Ze__ fh]eb [u ihke_^h\Zlv \ZjbZpbb lbiZ Gh emqr_ ^Z\Zcl_ ih]h\hjbf h p\_ld_ ihfb^hjZ <u \_jhylgh \b^_eb \ dbgh dZd f_ê_ggh f_ê_ggh jZkimkdZxlky p\_lu dZd hgb ^Zjyl hsms_gb_ mfbjhl\hj_gghklb hsms_gb_ ihdhy ihdZ \u gZ[ex^Z_l_ dZd hgb jZkdju\Zxlky LZd ij_djZkgh lZd kihdhcgh gZ[ex^Zlv\k_wlhFh`ghbkiulZlvlZdhc[_a]jZgbqgucfbjb ihdhcdh]^Zkfhljbrv ih^h[guc nbevf :\lhj g_ \b^bl g_h[oh^bfhklb ]h\hjblv qlheb[h _s_ h l_ogbd_ gZ\_^_gby b ih^^_j`Zgby ljZgkZ Z lZd`_ h jZkk_b\Zgbb l_jZi_\lbq_kdbo \gmr_gbc ! < lhl ^_gv jZ[hlZ k >`h ^ZeZ ij_djZkgu_ j_amevlZlu g_kfhljy gZ g_kdhevdh \ugm`^_gguoiZmak\yaZgguok lhdkbq_kdbfbijbklmiZfbb ki_pbZevgufbi_j_ju\Zfb dhlhju_ Z\lhj ^_eZe qlh[u hp_gblv gZkdhevdh ]em[hdh mk\h_gh kh^_j`Zgb_ ]bighlbq_kdbo \gmr_gbc <_q_jhf >`h hl ^mrb `Ze jmdm Z\lhjZ i_j_^ _]h hlt_a^hf BglhdkbdZpbhggu_ijhy\e_gby[uebaZf_lghhkeZ[e_guM >`hg_[ueh`Zeh[Km^yih \k_fmfmqbl_evgZy[hev_]hhklZ\beZb hg\u]ey^_e^h\hevgufb kqZkleb\ufJh^gu_ >`h[_kihdhbebkv[uebeb^Zgu _fm ihkl]bighlbq_kdb_ \gmr_gby :\lhj aZ\_jbebo qlh hg bo ihemqbe Hgb [ueb hq_gv ieZ\gh \\_^_gu \ ih^jh[g_cr__ kh fgh]bfb ih\lhjZfb hibkZgb_ jhklZ ihfb^hjZ Z lZd`_ kh^_j`Zebkv \ hkh[h bglhgZpbhggh \u^_e_gguo njZaZo `h [md\Zevgh dZ`ûc ^_gv bkiulu\Zlv \ iheghc f_j_ ihdhc b mxl agZ_l_ >`h [md\Zevgh dZ`ûc ^_gv ^_gv hlh ^gy AZ f_kyp ijh\_^_gguc ^hfZ hg ijb[Z\be \ \_k_ b kbe_ Baj_^dZ kemqZeky ijbklmi [heb gh _]h fh`gh [ueh dmibjh\Zlv eb[h Zkibjbghf eb[h f] ^bf_jheZ >`h [ue kqZkleb\ qlh gZoh^beky \ djm]m k_fvb Ih]h\Zjb\Zeb ^Z`_ h g_dhc \Z`ghc b ieh^hl\hjghc ^_yl_evghklb >`h \ wlhl i_jbh^ h dhlhjhc Z\lhj g_^hklZlhqgh bgnhjfbjh\Zg ! OhlyaZijhr_^rbckh^gyi_j\hc\klj_qbf_kypaehdZq_kl\_ggZyhimohev ijh^he`ZeZ ijh]j_kkbjh\Zlv nbabq_kdh_ kZfhqm\kl\b_ >`h agZqbl_evgh memqrbehkv : l_i_jv bklhjby h kl_gh]jZnbkld_ kljZ^Z\r_c ]heh\gufb [heyfb dhlhjhc Fbelhg Wjgdkhg ^Z\Ze e_q_[gu_ \gmr_gby \h \j_fy ^bdlh\db l_dklZ H^gZ ba gh\uo kl_gh]jZnbklhd hl^_eZ bf_\rZy kbevgh_ ij_^m[_`^_gb_ ijhlb\ ]bighaZ kljZ^ZeZ hl `_klhdbo ijbklmih\ fb]j_gb ?_ g_h^ghdjZlgh h[ke_^h\Zeb gh [_aj_amevlZlgh H[uqgh hgZ m^ZeyeZkv\ dhfgZlmhlûoZqlh[ui_j_kiZlv]heh\gmx[hevqlhaZgbfZehm g__dZd fbgbfmfljbqZkZGhh^gZ`û\h\j_fyh^gh]hbalZdboijbklmih\Z\lhjg_iha\hebe _c hlijZ\blvky \ dhfgZlm hlûoZ b ^hklZlhqgh gZklhcqb\h ij_êh`be ibkZlv ih^ ^bdlh\dm Ih^Z\eyy \ k_[_ g_]h^h\Zgb_ hgZ ijbklmibeZ d jZ[hl_ gh q_j_a iylgZ^pZlv fbgml ij_j\ZeZ Z\lhjZ khh[sb\ k bamfe_gb_f qlh ]heh\gZy [hev ijhreZ HgZ ijbibkZeZwlhk\h_fm]g_\m\ hl\_lgZijbgm`^_gb_ibkZlvih^^bdlh\dm< ^jm]hcjZa\ lZdhf `_ khklhygbb hgZ kZfZ \ua\ZeZkv ihjZ[hlZlv k g_dbf ljm^guf fZl_jbZehf hl dhlhjh]h mdehgyebkv \k_ ^jm]b_ kl_gh]jZnbkldb =heh\gZy [hev mkbebeZkv b hgZ j_rbeZ qlh __ m^Zqguc hiul jZ[hlu ih^ ^bdlh\dm Z\lhjZ [ue ebrv ke_^kl\b_f kemqZcgh]h kl_q_gby h[klhyl_evkl\ Dh]^Z m g__ gZqZeky hq_j_^ghc ijbklmi `_klhdhc fb]j_gbZ\lhjkgh\Zk^_eZe_cgZklhcqb\h_ij_êh`_gb_ihjZ[hlZlvih^^bdlh\dmGZ wlhl jZa [hev ijhreZ q_j_a ^_kylv fbgml Dh]^Z kemqbeky ke_^mxsbc ijbklmi hgZ ^h[jh\hevgh\ua\ZeZkvibkZlvih^^bdlh\dmZ\lhjZB hiylvwlhihfh]ehkgylv]heh\gmx [hev AZl_f \ ihjy^d_ wdki_jbf_glZ hgZ j_rbeZ ihijh[h\Zlv ihjZ[hlZlv lZd `_ b k ^jm]bfb \jZqZfb Ih g_ihgylguf _c ijbqbgZf ]heh\gu_ [heb lhevdh mkbeb\Zebkv Ihke_ h^ghc ba lZdbo g_m^Zqguo ihiulhd hgZ ijbreZ d Z\lhjm b ihijhkbeZ _]h ih^bdlh\Zlv M Z\lhjZ ih^ jmdhc g_ hdZaZehkv ihôh^ys_]h fZl_jbZeZ êy ^bdlh\db b hg bkihevah\Ze fZl_jbZe g_^bdlh\Zgguc jZg__ =heh\gZy [hev [ueZ kgylZ aZ \hk_fv fbgmlIha`_\ hl\_lgZ__ijhkv[mh[e_]qblv[hev_c[ueijh^bdlh\Zgh[uqgucl_dkl Wlh g_ \ua\Zeh gbdZdh]h wnn_dlZ < ke_^mxsbc jZa hgZ ijbreZ g_ iblZy hkh[uo gZ^_`^ lZd dZd kqblZeZ qlh bkq_jiZeZ p_ebl_evgmx kbem ^bdlh\db Kgh\Z _c [ue ijh^bdlh\Zg l_dkl b q_j_a ^_\ylv fbgml [hev bkq_aeZ HgZ [ueZ lZd h[jZ^h\ZgZ qlh j_rbeZ khojZgblv dhibx l_dklZ qlh[u ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb ihijhkblv dh]hgb[m^v ijh^bdlh\Zlv_cwlhlm^Zqguc^bdlZglkgbfZ\rbc]heh\gmx[hevGhm\uhdZaZehkv qlhgbdlhg_h[eZ^ZelZdbfijZ\bevguf]hehkhfdZd m Z\lhjZ GbhgZ gb ^jm]b_ g_ ^h]Zû\Zebkvh lhfqlh`_ijhbahrehgZkZfhf^_e_:\lhj\_elh]^Zh[rbjgu_aZibkb [_kk\yaguo\ukdZau\Zgbch^gh]hikbohlbq_kdh]hiZpb_glZ< wlhcjZ[hl__fmihfh]Zeb g_kdhevdh jZaguo kl_gh]jZnbklhd Wlbfb l_dklZfb Z\lhj b \hkihevah\Zeky jZkk_y\ ih hij_^_e_gghc kbkl_f_ \ j_q_\hc ijh^mdpbb iZpb_glZ l_jZi_\lbq_kdb_ \gmr_gby ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ êy kljZ^Z\r_c hl fb]j_gb kl_gh]jZnbkldb Dh]^Z [ue ihemq_g iheh`bl_evguc j_amevlZl hg ihijh[h\Ze l_f `_ h[jZahf bkihevah\Zlv j_q_\mx ijh^mdpbx ^jm]h]h ikbohlbq_kdh]h iZpb_glZ Wlhl hiul lZd`_ hdZaZeky mki_rguf < dZq_kl\_ dhgljhevghc k_jbb wlh]h wdki_jbf_glZ [ueb bkijh[h\Zgu ^bdlh\db h[uqguo kem`_[guo l_dklh\ b g_aZk_yggh]h l_jZi_\lbq_kdbfb \gmr_gbyfb [_kk\yagh]h fZl_jbZeZGbdZdh]h\ha^_ckl\bygZ]heh\gmx[hevg_gZ[ex^ZehkvJ_amevlZlZg_^ZeZ b ^bdlh\dZaZk_yggh]hfZl_jbZeZ\ bkiheg_gbb^jm]boex^_clZddZdêy^hklb`_gby wnn_dlZ_]hke_^h\ZehqblZlvk \ujZ`_gb_fih^q_jdb\Zygm`gu_f_klZL_i_jvdh]^Z fuagZ_fl_hjbxl_ogbdbjZkk_b\Zgby^Z\Zcl_jZa[_j_fky\ lhfdZd`_gm`ghqblZlv k \ujZ`_gb_f ih^q_jdb\Zy gm`gu_ f_klZ IjZdlbdmf ih l_ogbd_ jZkk_b\Zgby kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ K =hjbg <u^_e_gb_ ih^q_jdb\Zgb_ khh[s_gby g_ y\ey_lky q_flhk\_jot_kl_kl\_ggufWlhh[uqguc[ulh\hcgZ\udDh]^Z\uohlbl_qlh[u kh[_k_^gbd k hkh[uf \gbfZgb_f hlg_kky d lhfm qlh \u k_cqZk ]h\hjbl_ dZd \u ihklmiZ_l_" <u fh`_l_ ]h\hjblv ]jhfq_ fh`_l_ k^_eZlv iZmam qlh[u h[hagZqblv \Z`ghklv kdZaZggh]h Qlh _s_ fh`gh k^_eZlv" Hl\_lu ba aZeZ Fh`gh ]h\hjblv g_ lhevdh]jhfq_ghb lbr_wlhlh`_ijb\e_q_l\gbfZgb_hkh[_ggh_kebgZdehgblvkyd iZjlg_jm Fh`gh ih^q_jdgmlv \Z`ghklv kdZaZggh]h wg_j]bqguf `_klhf ^Z`_ m^Zjblv dmeZdhf ih klhem Q_eh\_d e_]q_ mkihdZb\Z_lky _keb _fm qlhlh ]h\hjbrv b h^gh\j_f_ggh ih]eZ`b\Z_rv _]h ih ]heh\_ K =hjbg Lh _klv fu k_cqZk \u^_ebeb ]eZ\gu_ kihkh[u ih^q_jdgmlv dZdh_lh khh[s_gb_ \hi_j\uo fh`gh baf_gblv oZjZdl_jbklbdbk\h_cj_qb]jhfdhklvbglhgZpbyiZmaZ\h\lhjuofh`ghh[hagZqblv k\h_ \ukdZau\Zgb_ `_klhf \lj_lvbo fh`gh wlh k^_eZlv ijbdhkgh\_gb_f B fh]ml [ulv dhg_qgh dZdb_lh kf_rZggu_ kihkh[u Gm gZijbf_j _keb \u gZdehgy_l_kv d iZjlg_jmijb[_k_^_k gbflhwlhf_gy_loZjZdl_jbklbdbj_qbb h^gh\j_f_gghy\ey_lky `_klhfLh`_kZfh_ijhbkoh^bldh]^Z\uijb[_k_^_ih\hjZqb\Z_l_]heh\m\ijZ\hbeb \e_\h êy \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZ wlh b `_kl b baf_g_gb_ j_qb gZ [ebadhf jZkklhygbb baf_g_gb_iheh`_gbybklhqgbdZj_qbe_]dh\hkijbgbfZ_lky>Z\Zcl_ihijh[m_fk\_klb \ lZ[ebpm \hafh`gu_ kihkh[u \u^_eblv beb ih^q_jdgmlv khh[s_gb_ L:;EBP: Kihkh[u \u^_e_gby khh[s_gbc : J_q_\u_ Zm^bZevgu_ kihkh[u baf_g_gb_ ]jhfdhklb j_qb ]jhfq_lbr_ baf_g_gb_ l_fiZ j_qb [uklj__f_ê_gg__ iZmau baf_g_gb_ bglhgZpbb ih\urZxsZykyihgb`ZxsZyky khimlkl\mxsb_ j_qb a\mdb oehihd \ eZ^hrb ihs_edb\Zgb_ iZevpZfb ihklmdb\Zgb_ ih klhem baf_g_gb_ ehdZebaZpbbbklhqgbdZa\mdZkijZ\Zke_\Zki_j_^bkaZ^bbaf_g_gb_l_f[jZ]hehkZ `_kldbc f_lZeebq_kdbcfy]dbc \djZ^qb\uc % <bamZevgu_ kihkh[u `_klbdmeypby fbfbdZ iZglhfbfbdZ baf_g_gb_ iheh`_gby l_eZ gZdehg ih\hjhl `_klbdmeypby jmdZfb iZevpZfb jmd oZjZdl_jgZy ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv `_klh\ iZglhfbfbdZ baf_g_gb_ fbfbdb & Dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_ kihkh[u ijhklh_ ijbdhkgh\_gb_ ih]eZ`b\Zgb_ ihoehiu\Zgb_ ih ie_qm ih kibg_ ih`Zlb_ jmdb ' Kf_rZggu_ kihkh[u baf_g_gb_ ^bklZgpbb ^h kh[_k_^gbdZ ijb[eb`_gb_ m^Ze_gb_ gZdehg l_eZ d kh[_k_^gbdm hl kh[_k_^gbdZ j_qv kh\f_s_ggZy k ih\hjhlhf ]heh\u ^\b`_gbykh\f_s_ggu_kha\mdZfb^_fhgkljZlb\gh_ihklmdb\Zgb_iZevpZfbihklhem ihs_edb\Zgb_ iZevpZfb ijb `_klbdmeypbb & =hjbg < ijbgpbi_ fu fh]eb [u gZnZglZabjh\Zlv fgh`_kl\h ^jm]bo kihkh[h\ \u^_e_gby khh[s_gbc gh hkgh\gufb kihkh[Zfb hklZgmlky \k_ l_ `_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb j_qb `_kl ijbdhkgh\_gb_ DZd wlh bkihevam_lky\ jZ[hl_"KdZ`_f_keby jZ[hlZxk [hevgufbkl_jbq_kdbfiZjZebqhflh\ deZkkbq_kdhf ]bigha_ y ijyfh _fm aZy\ex KiZlv : l_i_jv \u fh`_l_ ihqm\kl\h\Zlv kbem\ gh]ZoIhqm\kl\mcl_dZdgh]bgZihegyxlkykbehc<klZgvl_B^bl_< l_ogbd_ jZkk_b\Zgby lh `_ kZfh_ khh[s_gb_ y k\_^m d njZa_ ihqm\kl\mcl_ kbem \ gh]Zo b y [m^m jZkkdZau\Zlv iZpb_glm dZdmxlh bklhjbx g_\Z`gh dZdmx ohlv i_j_^h\bpm ba ]Za_lu ijhqblZx \ dhlhjhc y [m^m \u^_eylv ba\_klgufb \Zf l_i_jv kihkh[Zfb ljb keh\ZkhklZ\eyxsb_bgkljmdpbxqm\kl\h\ZlvkbeZgh]bLh_klvdZ`ûcjZadh]^Z \ l_dkl_bklhjbb\klj_lylkykeh\Zqm\kl\h\ZlvkbeZgh]by [m^mf_gylv]jhfdhklvb bglhgZpbxj_qbbah[jZ`ZydZdhclh`_klAgZ_l_wlhihoh`_gZh^gm^_lkdmxkbkl_fm rbnjh\db \ p_ehf khh[s_gbb \u[bjZxl dZ`^h_ q_l\_jlh_ keh\h b \u[jZggu_ lZdbf kihkh[hf keh\Z h[jZamxl hl^_evgh_ kdjulh_ khh[s_gb_ >Z\Zcl_ \u[_j_f \gmr_gb_ ZdlmZevgh_êy\Zkb yijh^_fhgkljbjmxjZ[hlm\ l_ogbd_jZkk_b\ZgbyJ_iebdZbaaZeZ Ih[hevr_ m\_j_gghklb \ k_[_ K =hjbg <Zf gm`gZ m\_j_gghklv \ k_[_" <k_ _s_" Ohjhrhlh]^Zkdjulh_khh[s_gb_[m^_lke_^mxsbf;m^vm\_j_g\ k_[_JZkkdZ`mdZ y \Zf dZd ^h[bjZeky kx^Z gZ k_fbgZj GZ hklZgh\d_ Z\lh[mkZ y \klj_lbe klZjh]h agZdhfh]h fu g_fgh`dh ih[_k_^h\Zeb b gZ ijhsZgb_ y kdZaZe _fm ;m^v baf_gbe ]jhfdhklvb bglhgZpbxj_qbk^_eZeoZjZdl_jguc`_klIhlhfy klhyegZhklZgh\d_b [ue m\_j_g bglhgZpby ]jhfdhklv `_kl \ lhf qlh Z\lh[mk jZgh beb iha^gh ijb^_l ijb\_a_l \ k_[_ bglhgZpby ]jhfdhklv `_kl iZkkZ`bjh\ Dh]^Z Z\lh[mk ijb_oZe y ih^mfZeqlh[m^vbglhgZpby]jhfdhklv`_klhg[he__imklufy fh][u[ulvm\_j_g bglhgZpby ]jhfdhklv `_kl qlh ^h[_jmkv ^h f_klZ khojZgb\ \ k_[_ bglhgZpby ]jhfdhklv `_kl qmlv [hevr_ kihdhckl\by Bgl_j_kgh lh qlh wlZ l_ogbdZ ^_ckl\m_l g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h agZ_l_ eb \u h lhf dZd hgZ ^_ckl\m_l GZ[jZebkv m\_j_gghklb" kf_o\ aZe_hl\_lu>ZLh]^Z^_eZ_fmijZ`g_gb_MijZ`g_gb_1R<uihegy_lky\ iZjZoIZjlg_j: khh[sZ_l\kemoijhklmxbgkljmdpbxdhlhjmxhgohl_e[uihemqblv IZjlg_j ; ]hlh\bl dZdhceb[h jZkkdZa \ dhlhjuc \dexqZ_l gm`gmx iZjlg_jm : bgkljmdpbx b jZkkdZau\Z_l _]h \u^_eyy ex[uf kihkh[hf khklZ\eyxsb_ bgkljmdpbx keh\ZAZl_fiZjlg_juf_gyxlkyjheyfbMkeh`g_gguc\ZjbZglmijZ`g_gbyiZjlg_j: ]h\hjblh k\h_cikboheh]bq_kdhcijh[e_f_dhlhjmxhgohl_e[ujZaj_rblvIZjlg_j; kZfijb^mfu\Z_lihôh^ysmxbgkljmdpbx\dexqZ_l__\ k\hcjZkkdZab jZkkdZau\Z_l _]h ljb jZaZ ijbf_gyy dZ`ûc jZa ^jm]b_ kihkh[u \u^_e_gby khklZ\eyxsbo bgkljmdpbx keh\ K =hjbg L_ogbdZ jZkk_b\Zgby hq_gv wnn_dlb\gZ ijb h[s_gbb k h^gbf iZjlg_jhf k ]jmiihc k [hevrhc ]jmiihc gh __ wnn_dlb\ghklv ijb jZ[hl_ k lheihc k fZkkZfb ex^_c klZgh\blky ijhklh nZglZklbqghc Y iheZ]Zx qlh ex^b mijZ\eyxsb_ kj_^kl\Zfb fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb g_ fh]ml wlh]h g_ agZlv =h\hjyl qlh g_^Z\ghbah[j_ebe_ilhggh_hjm`b_k ihfhsvxdhlhjh]hfh`ghmijZ\eylvjZamfhfb \he_c q_eh\_dZ Gh hjm`b_ ^_ckl\mxs__ gZ \hex ^Z\gh kha^Zgh wlh ]Za_lu b l_e_\b^_gb_ =h^m wlZd \ f [ue g_[hevrhc kdZg^Ze \hdjm] _`_g_^_evgbdZ :j]mf_glu b nZdlu h^bg \t_êb\uc qblZl_ev h[gZjm`be qlh \ fZe_gvdhc aZf_ld_ keh\Z gZ[jZggu_ `bjguf rjbnlhf h[jZamxl kZfhklhyl_evgh_ b \iheg_ hkfuke_ggh_ ZglbijZ\bl_evkl\_ggh_ \ukdZau\Zgb_ G_\Z`gh ^Z`_ [ueh eb wlh kemqZcghklvx dZd ihlhf ibkZej_^Zdlhj _`_g_^_evgbdZ beb ohjhrh kieZgbjh\Zgghc Zdpb_c dZd ibkZeb ijhlb\gbdb :bN ih^mfZcl_ ijhklh h lhf qlh ba lh]^Zrgbo ijbf_jgh ^\Z^pZlb fbeebhgh\qblZl_e_c_`_g_^_evgbdZaZf_lbeqlhlhlhevdhh^bg< ex[h_ibkvf_ggh_ khh[s_gb_ fh`gh k ihfhsvx l_ogbdb jZkk_b\Zgby \klZ\blv kdjulmx bgkljmdpbx lhevdh\u^_eylvkeh\Zgm`gh^jm]bfjZaf_jhfrjbnlZ^jm]bfp\_lhf^jm]bflbihf rjbnlZdmjkb\`bjgucrjbnlgZ[hjijhibkgufb[md\Zfbi_qZlv\jZajy^dmb l iZ[aZpguf hlklmihf ZgZeh] iZmau \ jZa]h\hj_ hkh[uf agZqdhf < l_e_i_j_^Zqm kdjulmxbgkljmdpbxfh`gh\\_klbk ihfhsvx[_]ms_ckljhdb[ukljh]hq_j_^h\Zgby dZ^jh\ \ kx`_l_ jZa]h\hjhf aZ dZ^jhf Fg_ ljm^gh i_j_qbkeblv \k_ \hafh`gu_ \ZjbZglubohq_gvfgh]h<Z`gha^_kvlhqlhb klZlvx\ ]Za_l_b l_e_i_j_^Zqmm\b^yl fbeebhgu b _keb ^Z`_ \ ijbf_g_gbb dZdhclh ]bighlbq_kdhc l_ogbdb ^hims_gu ihfZjdb \k_ jZ\gh khlgb lukyqb ex^_c ijh]ehlbeb bgkljmdpbx < gZr_c kljZg_ ljZ^bpbhggh [ue ijbgyl ihôh^ d j_deZf_ b ijhiZ]Zg^_ k ihabpbc m[_`^_gby \ha^_ckl\by gZ khagZgb_ eh]bq_kdhc Zj]mf_glZpbb >mfZx qlh fu ijZdlbq_kdb g_ bf__f bffmgbl_lZ d ih^khagZl_evguf fZgbimeypbyf agZqbl wnn_dl hl bo ijbf_g_gbyfh][u[ulv\_ebdB dh_dlhm`_ihevam_lkywlbfIhkfhljbl_gZijbf_j gZ j_deZfm dhfiZgbb :KDH ;M>MS?? g_evay dmiblv _]h fh`gh H;?KI?QBLV DZ`ûc ^_gv q_eh\_d ihdmiZxl kljZoh\u_ ihebku :KDH :KDH ijbghkbl \ bo ^hfZkihdhcgmxm\_j_gghklv\ aZ\ljZrg_f^g_Ih\_jvl_wlbfex^yf<u[bjZy:KDH hgb ^_eZxl ijZ\bevguc \u[hj H[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ gZ \u^_e_gby A^_kv bkihevah\ZgZ l_ogbdZ jZkk_b\Zgby êy ih^khagZl_evgh]h \ebygby gZ \hafh`guo deb_glh\ f_`^m ijhqbfdhfiZgbbkhklZ[bevgufnbgZgkh\ufiheh`_gb_flZdbo\_s_cg_^_eZxl<u fh`_l_ mq_klv \k_ wlh b ijb ql_gbbj_deZfu b ijb khklZ\e_gbb __ ijb ieZgbjh\Zgbb j_deZfguo dZfiZgbc J_iebdZ ba aZeZ B ij_^\u[hjguo lh`_" K =hjbg ?kl_kl\_gghAZq_fhldjulho\Zeblvk_[yb jm]Zlvdhgdmj_glZ"LZdfh`ghgZijhkblvky gZg_ijbylghklbG_l_keb[uy aZohl_eih^^_j`ZlvXjmgZijbf_j\ _]h[hjv[_aZihkl [hevrh]h gZqZevgbdZ y [u gZibkZe klZlvx ^Z ohlv h ibhg_jkdhf eZ]_j_ ]^_ ^_lb ]hehkmxlaZlh]h\h`Zlh]hdhlhjucbfgjZ\blkyb dh]^Zy \klj_lbefZevqbdZXjmhg kdZaZe fg_ qlh ijh]hehkm_l aZ <Zkx lZd dZd hg kZfuc kbevguc b y iho\Zebe Xjm aZ hldjh\_gghklv: _keb[uy ijbwlhfaZohl_ehljm]Zlvgug_rg_]h[hevrh]hgZqZevgbdZ ;y gZibkZe[ug_qlh\jh^_;h[jZah\ZgguckbfiZlbqgucfm`qbgZFu]h\hjbebk gbf h lhf qlh gZ mebpZo ]jyagh e_`bl kh[Zqv_ ^_jvfhDZd `ZevkdZaZe fg_ ; qlhkh[Zqv_^_jvfhg_m[bjZxlkf_o\ aZe_N_ghf_g]hdZ^jZH^ghcbakZfuo yjdbo kljZgbp \ bklhjbb l_ogbdb jZkk_b\Zgby klZeh hldjulb_ \ r_klb^_kyluo ]h^Zo y\e_gbyihemqb\r_]hgZa\Zgb_n_ghf_g]hdZ^jZ^jm]b_gZa\Zgbyn_ghf_g]h dZ^jZ n_ghf_g ;wj^Z GZqbgZehkv \k_ \ jZfdZo h[uqgh]h ikboheh]bq_kdh]h wdki_jbf_glZ mq_gu_ bamqZeb \hkijbylb_ q_eh\_dhf k\_jodjZldbo jZa^jZ`bl_e_c Hq_gvm^h[gufbgkljmf_glhfêybkke_^h\ZgbyhdZaZekydbghijh_dlhjFuagZ_fqlh dZ^ju q_j_^mxsb_ky \ dbghijh_dlhj_ k qZklhlhc \ k_dmg^m kha^Zxl wnn_dl ^\b`_gby ihkdhevdm ijb wlhc kdhjhklb \hkijhba\_^_gby jy^ g_ih^\b`guo dZ^jh\ keb\Z_lky \ h^gh ^\b`ms__ky bah[jZ`_gb_ g_ hkhagZ_lky jZaju\ f_`^m dZ^jZfb : qlh ijhbahc^_l _keb c dZ^j [m^_l kh^_j`Zlv bgnhjfZpbx hlebqZxsmxky hl lhc dhlhjZykh^_j`blky\ ij_û^msbo^\Z^pZlbq_luj_o"< wdki_jbf_glZo\uykgbehkvqlh q_eh\_d g_ hkhagZ_l lZdmx bgnhjfZpbx gh ihfgbl __ lh _klv q_eh\_d g_ fh`_l h[tykgblv hldm^Z hg ihemqbe wlm bgnhjfZpbx b ihq_fm hg __ ihfgbl < h[uqghf dbghaZe_ b^_l h[uqguc nbevf Gbdlh ba ajbl_e_c g_ agZ_l qlh ih oh^m nbevfZ gZ wdjZg_ ijhf_evdgml g_kdhevdh jZa gZ ^hex k_dmgû ^\Z dZ^jZ kljZ^Zxsbc hl `Z`û q_eh\_d \ imklug_ b bah[jZ`_gb_ g_dh_]h gZibldZ Gbdlh ba gbo g_ ihcf_l ihq_fmihke_nbevfZlZdohq_lkyijhfhqblv]hjehbf_gghwlbfgZibldhfB ijh^Z\_p\ dbhkd_ k gZibldZfb lhevdh m^b\blky lhfm qlh kijhk gZ wlhl gZiblhd \hajZkl_l ihke_ nbevfZ \ ljb jZaZ < gZqZe_ r_klb^_kyluo wdki_jbf_glu k nbevfZfb aZk_yggufb j_deZfhc bo gZau\Zeb km[eZfbgZjgufb beb km[ebfZpbhggufb [ueb \_kvfZ ihimeyjgu Gh \hl h^gZ ba dhfbkkbc HHG ihkqblZeZ gm`guf aZij_lblv lZdhc kihkh[ j_deZfu dZd ZfhjZevguc b wdki_jbf_glu ij_djZlbebkv <h \kydhf kemqZ_ ij_djZlbebkvim[ebdZpbb\ hldjulhcgZmqghci_qZlbh lZdbowdki_jbf_glZoYdhjgZy l_ogbdZ Y m`_ ]h\hjbe qlh wjbdkhgbZgkdbc ]bigha b g_cjhebg]\bklbq_kdh_ ijh]jZffbjh\Zgb_ y\eyxlky \ agZqbl_evghc kl_i_gb ohjhrbf ijh^he`_gb_f jZ[hl B I IZ\eh\Z ih nbabheh]bb \ukr_c g_j\ghc ^_yl_evghklb YdhjgZy l_ogbdZ bf__l ijyfh_ hlghr_gb_ d mkeh\guf j_ne_dkZfYdhj_f \ wjbdkhgbZgkdhf ]bigha_ b GEI gZau\Zxl klbfme aZimkdZxsbc f_oZgbaf knhjfbjh\Zggh]h mkeh\gh]h j_ne_dkZ < jmkkdhyauqgmx ebl_jZlmjm ih wjbdkhgbZgkdhfm ]bigham b GEI l_jfbg ydhjv \ _]h \ur_hibkZgghf agZq_gbb \\_eZ i_j\Zy i_j_\h^qbpZ jZ[hl ih GEI Bg_kkZ FJ_[_cdh >Z\Zcl_\kihfgbfdZdnhjfbjm_lkymkeh\gucj_ne_dk=heh^gZykh[ZdZ\b^blibsm\ wlhlfhf_glm g__gZqbgZ_l\u^_eylvkykexgZb `_em^hqguckhdb \wlhl`_fhf_gl a\_gbl eZ[hjZlhjguc a\hghd ?keb khq_lZgb_ \b`m ibsm keurm a\hghd ih\lhjy_lky g_kdhevdhjZalhihy\ey_lkymklhcqb\Zyk\yavgZa\mda\hgdZkh[ZdZhl\_qZ_llZd`_ dZd gZ \b^ ibsb kexghhl^_e_gb_f b \u^_e_gb_f `_em^hqgh]h khdZ WlZ mklhcqb\Zy k\yav gZau\Z_lky mkeh\guf j_ne_dkhf Z g_cljZevguc jZg__ klbfme a\hghd klZgh\blkyagZqbfufklbfmehfaZimkdZxsbf\k_khimlkl\mxsb_j_ne_dkmj_Zdpbb< l_jfbgZo wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h ]bighaZ fu gZah\_f a\hghd iheh`bl_evguf ibs_\uf ydhj_fêykh[ZdbYdhjvgZau\Zxliheh`bl_evguf_kebhgkihkh[kl\m_ljZa\blbx j_Zdpbb beb k\yaZg k iheh`bl_evgufb wfhpbyfb b hljbpZl_evguf _keb hg kihkh[kl\m_lm]Zr_gbxhij_^_e_gghcj_Zdpbbbebk\yaZgk hljbpZl_evgufbwfhpbyfb Q_eh\_dhlebqZ_lkyhl^jm]bo`b\hlguo\ qZklghklbl_fqlhmkeh\gucj_ne_dkm g_]h nhjfbjm_lky qZklh ihke_ i_j\h]h ij_^ty\e_gby dZdhclh ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb kh[ulbc LZdq_eh\_dih^\_j]rbckygZiZ^_gbxgZl_fghcmebp_gZqbgZ_l[hylvkyl_fghlubeb oh`^_gby ih wlhc mebp_ < k_dkheh]bq_kdhc ebl_jZlmj_ y \klj_lbe hibkZgb_ lZdh]h kemqZy \h \j_fy i_j\h]h iheh\h]h ZdlZ xghrZ mdheheky kemqZcgh [meZ\dhc dhlhjmx _]hiZjlg_jrZhklZ\beZ\ h^_`^_ihke_wlh]hhgfh]ihemqblviheh\h_m^h\e_l\hj_gb_ lhevdh\ lhfkemqZ__keb_]hdheheb[meZ\dhc\ l_q_gb_iheh\h]hZdlZIhwlhfmih\h^m fu kdZ`_f qlh mdhe [meZ\dhc klZe êy lh]h xghrb iheh`bl_evguf k_dkmZevguf ydhj_f < ih\k_^g_\ghc `bagb fu \klj_qZ_fky k h]jhfguf dhebq_kl\hf g_hkhagZ\Z_fuo gZfb mkeh\guo j_ne_dkh\ GZijbf_j m \ex[e_gghc iZju qZklh _klv f_eh^bydhlhjmxhgbgZau\ZxlgZr_cf_eh^b_chgbijhklhkeurZeb__ \fhf_gl \klj_qb beb \ fhf_gl gZb\ukr_c \ex[e_gghklb gh l_i_jv hgZ klZeZ êy wlhc iZju iheh`bl_evguf Zm^bZevguf kemoh\uf k_dkmZevguf ydhj_f ijhkemrb\Zgb_ wlhc f_eh^bb \ha\jZsZ_l iZj_ qm\kl\h \ex[e_gghklb ih f_oZgbafm mkeh\gh]h j_ne_dkZ HljbpZl_evguf Zm^bZevguf fmaudZevguf ydhj_f êy [hevrbgkl\Z ba gZk kem`bl ihohjhggZyfmaudZklhblgZf__mkeurZlvb gZr_gZkljh_gb_ihgb`Z_lkyohlyfug_ hkhagZ_f qlh ijbqbgZ lZdh]h ihgb`_gby gZkljh_gby dZdb_lh ^jm]b_ ihohjhgu gZ dhlhjuofuijbkmlkl\h\Zeb^Z\guf^Z\ghb qm\kl\h\Zeb[hevihl_jb< jhebydhjy fh`_l\uklmiZlvlhqlhfu\b^bfqv_lhebphoZjZdl_jguc`_kldZjlbgZb l ilh qlh fu keurbf ]hehk fmaudZ rmfu b lh qlh fu qm\kl\m_f ijbdhkgh\_gb_ ih]eZ`b\Zgb_ ihp_emc [hev b l ^ < l_jfbgZo GEI ydhjy ih^jZa^_eyxlky khhl\_lkl\_ggh gZ \bamZevgu_ Zm^bZevgu_ b dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_ Bkdmkkl\h ijbf_g_gby ydhj_c ijb bkihevah\Zgbb ljZgkZ b fZgbimeypbb khagZgb_f hkgh\u\Z_lky gZ m^Zqgh \u[jZgghffhf_gl_êyihklZgh\dbydhjym^Zqgh\u[jZgghflbi_ydhjyb m^Zqghf \hkijhba\_^_gbb m`_ ihklZ\e_ggh]h ydhjy IjZdlbdmf ih ydhjghc l_ogbd_ kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ Ijbf_qZgb_ ^Ze__ \ l_dkl_ keh\h ydhjv \ \ur_hibkZgghf agZq_gbb ^Z_lky [_a dZ\uq_d K =hjbg Gm \hl _s_ h^bg [ulh\hc ijbf_j ^_ckl\by ydhj_c @_gZ ijbreZ ^hfhc hq_gv jZa^jZ`_gghc \a[m^hjZ`_gghc g_\Z`gh ih dZdhc ijbqbg_Fm`\klj_qZ_l__h[gbfZ_laZie_qbb ]h\hjblA^jZ\kl\mc ^hjh]Zy Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy `_gZ mkihdZb\Z_lky hl\e_dZ_lky q_flh \ wlh \j_fy d g_c ihôh^bl fm` lhqgh lZd `_ dZd jZgvr_ h[gbfZ_l aZ ie_qb b ]h\hjbl Ihc^_f \ dbgh" B ihemqZ_lgZwlhkh\_jr_gghg_e_imxj_ZdpbxZ]j_kkbb>Zihr_elukhk\hbfdbghf Qlh ijhbahreh" OZjZdl_jgh_ ijbdhkgh\_gb_ h[tylb_ ih^khagZl_evgh k\yaZehkv k qm\kl\hf aehklb b [m^mqb \hkijhba\_^_gguf \ lhqghklb lZd `_ dZd \ i_j\uc jZa \ua\Zeh lh `_ qm\kl\h H[tylb_ klZeh ydhj_f êy \uau\Zgby qm\kl\Z aehklb \ wlhf ijbf_j_ >ey lh]h qlh[u ydhjv \ua\Ze j_Zdpbx jZ^b dhlhjhc _]h ihklZ\beb gm`gh kh[exklb jy^ mkeh\bc I_j\h_ ydhjv ^he`_g [ulv ihklZ\e_g gZ \ukhl_ i_j_`b\Zgby <lhjh_ ydhjv ^he`_g [ulv \hkijhba\_^_g fZdkbfZevgh lhqgh Lj_lv_ kZfufb gZ^_`gufb y\eyxlky dbg_kl_lbq_kdb_ ydhjy ijbdhkgh\_gb_ h[yaZl_evgh \hkijbgbfZ_lky ih^khagZgb_f Ijh\_^_f g_[hevrmx beexkljZpbx He_] lu fh`_rv k_cqZk \kihfgblv qlhgb[m^v jZ^hklgh_" GZijbf_j \klj_qm k ex[bfhc ^_\mrdhc" <kihfgbdZdwlhijbylghHe_]gZqbgZ_lmeu[Zlvky\ wlhlfhf_gl\_^msbck_fbgZjZ ijbdZkZ_lky d _]h e_\hfm aZiyklvx Y jZ^ qlh lu lZd e_]dh fh`_rv ihemqblv m^h\hevkl\b_ ih\lhjy_l ijbdhkgh\_gb_ d aZiyklvx >Z\Zc ijh\_^_f k\_lkdbc jZa]h\hj H ih]h^_ gZijbf_j Oheh^gh k_]h^gy ijZ\^Z" He_] db\Z_l Fh`_l ih]h\hjblvh lhfdZdb_gugq_p_guHe_]gZofmjbeky\ukhdb_p_gu^Z"Ih\lhjbe ijbdhkgh\_gb_d e_\hfmaZiyklvxHe_]ZLjm^gh`blvijblZdbop_gZo"He_]kh]eZkgh db\Z_l gZqbgZy meu[Zlvky : q_]h lu meu[Z_rvky" ih\lhjy_l ijbdhkgh\_gb_ d aZiyklvx He_] gZqbgZ_l kf_ylvky BlZd y ij_êh`be He_]m ih]jmablvky \ ijbylgu_ \hkihfbgZgby ^h`^Zeky _]h meu[db b ihklZ\be dbg_kl_lbq_kdbc ydhjv < ^Zevg_cr_c [_k_^_ y \_jgme aZgh\h aZ^_ckl\h\Ze wlhl ydhjv b p_gu \ua\Zeb m He_]Z jZ^hklguc kf_o Fh`gh ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv jZ[hlm k hljbpZl_evguf ydhj_f LZd dlh m gZk dmjysbc" Ohjhrh <blZebc lu fh] [u \kihfgblv l_ i_j\u_ ^h\hevgh ly]hklgu_ i_j_`b\Zgbydhlhju_m l_[y[uebk\yaZguk dmj_gb_f"GZ\_jgydZijbi_j\hfdmj_gbb [ueZlhrghlZly]hklgh_kexghl_q_gb_<blZebck]eZlu\Z_lkexgmm g_]hihy\ey_lky fbfbdZ khhl\_lkl\mxsZy hibku\Z_fuf i_j_`b\Zgbyf <_^msbc k_fbgZjZ ^_eZ_l hlju\bkluc`_klijZ\hcjmdhcM l_[y[ueZlhrghlZ"ih\lhjy_l`_kl:ol_[y^Z`_ j\Zeh ih\lhjy_l `_kl >Z l_[_ g_ ih\_aeh [ueb kiZafu \ `_em^d_ lu qm\kl\h\Ze keZ[hklv gh]b ih^]b[Zebkv ih\lhjy_l `_kl Y wlh kh[kl\_ggh d q_fm ]h\hjx fu m`_ ^he]h aZgbfZ_fky [_a i_j_ju\Z Ohq_rv aZdmjblv" Ih\lhjy_l `_kl <blZebc wg_j]bqgh hljbpZl_evgh dZqZ_l ]heh\hc Fh`_l ijhimklbf hq_j_^ghc i_j_dmj" Ih\lhjy_l `_kl <blZebc kh]eZkgh db\Z_l kf_o \ aZe_ <hl lZd gZqbgZ_l jZ[hlm k dmjbevsbdZfb^hdlhjOf_e_\kdbcH[jZlbl_\gbfZgb_gZ^\Zfhf_glZI_j\uc\ h[hbo kemqZyokmlvjZ[hluaZdexqZeZkv\ lhfqlhy \ayeg_dmxwfhpbxg_dh_i_j_`b\Zgb_ba h^gh]hdhgl_dklZbaZdj_ib\wlhi_j_`b\Zgb_ydhj_fi_j_g_k_]h\ ^jm]hcdhgl_dklB y ihdZaZe \Zf qlh wlh fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv <lhjhc fhf_gl êy ihklZgh\db ydhjy y \u[jZe gZbf_g__ hkhagZ\Z_fmx kbkl_fm \bamZebklm y ihklZ\be dbg_kl_lbq_kdbc ydhjv Z dbg_kl_lbdm \bamZevguc Wlh lh`_ kms_kl\_ggh_ mkeh\b_ êy wnn_dlb\ghc jZ[hlu ydhj_c k^_eZlv lZd qlh[u ydhjv g_ hkhagZ\Zeky \Zrbf iZjlg_jhf <ijhq_f ydhjgZy l_ogbdZ klhev `_ ihf_ohmklhcqb\Z dZd l_ogbdZ jZkk_b\Zgby hgZ jZ[hlZ_l g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h agZ_l_ \u h lhf dZd hgZ jZ[hlZ_l beb g_ agZ_l_ YdhjgZy l_ogbdZ bf__l [hevrb_ \hafh`ghklb ^Z`_ _keb bkihevah\Zlv lhevdh i_j_ghk wfhpbb i_j_`b\Zgby ba h^gh]h dhgl_dklZ \ ^jm]hc GZijbf_j \ h[mq_gbb hq_gv \Z`gh qlh[u mk\h_gb_gh\uoagZgbckhijh\h`^Zehkvbgl_j_khf: _keb_]hg_l"Ij_êh`bfg_dlh gb[m^v ij_ih^Z\Zlv \Zf kdmqguc fZl_jbZe y [u gZqZe k lh]h qlh jZkkdZaZe [u \Zf h dZdhfgb[m^v kljbilbarhm _eZ_l jmdhcoZjZdl_jguc`_klY jZ[hlZxk \Zfb\ hldjulmxihwlhfmkjZam`_h[tykgxqlh aZdj_ibe m \Zk bgl_j_k b e_]dh_ \ha[m`^_gb_ dh]^Z k^_eZe `_kl \h \j_fy jZkkdZaZ h `_gsbg_dhlhjZyfffHgZihqlbm`_jZa^_eZkvb mg__lZdh_l_ehIh\lhjy_llhl `_`_kl: l_i_jvfu[m^_fbamqZlvd\Z^jZlgu_mjZ\g_gbyAZihfgbl_d\Z^jZlkmffu jZ\_g d\Z^jZlm i_j\h]h keZ]Z_fh]h iexk m^\h_ggh_ ijhba\_^_gb_ keZ]Z_fuo iexk ih\lhjbe `_kl d\Z^jZl \lhjh]h keZ]Z_fh]h kf_o \ aZe_ F_`^m ijhqbf d\Z^jZlgu_ mjZ\g_gby hq_gv bgl_j_kgZy \_sv J_iebdZ ba aZeZ >Z`_ êy gZk K =hjbg Y [u kdZaZe l_f [he__ êy \Zk Dhg_qgh \ ^Zgghf ijbf_j_ y dh_qlh mljbjh\Ze gh \u fh`_l_aZihfgblvwlmkljZl_]bx\ h[s_f\b^__kebfZl_jbZeêybamq_gbydZ`_lky\Zf kdmqgufhl\_jgbl_kvbebaZdjhcl_]eZaZ\kihfgbl_bebij_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlhlhqlh \uau\Z_lm \Zkbgl_j_kjZ^hklve_]dh_\ha[m`^_gb_b kgh\Z ihkfhljbl_gZ mq_[guc fZl_jbZe Ih\lhjbl_ lZd ^\Zljb jZaZ b ijh^he`Zcl_ bamq_gb_ l_i_jv m`_ f_g__ kdmqgh]h fZl_jbZeZ Wlh jZ[hlZ_l fh`_l_ m[_^blvky <u fh`_l_ aZdj_iblv ydhj_f ex[h_ khklhygb_iZjlg_jZijhklh gZ \kydbc kemqZc IZpb_gl dhlhjuc \i_j\u_ dh fg_ ijboh^bl ih]jm`_g \ k\hx ijh[e_fm b y gZ \kydbc kemqZc \havfm gZ ydhjv wlh _]h khklhygb_ ?keb hgh fg_ \ ^Zevg_cr_f ihgZ^h[blky y kfh]m _]h \ua\Zlv [_a hkh[uo ljm^ghkl_c\ iheghfh[t_f_ b ihjZ[hlZlv k gbf ihke_ikbohl_jZi_\lbq_kdh]h dmjkZ y fh]mkgh\ZaZ^_ckl\h\Zlvlhl`_ydhjvb ihkfhlj_lvqlh_s_hklZehkvhl[he_ag_ggh]h khklhygby Ij_îheh`bf \Zf ihgZ^h[behkv aZdj_iblv m iZjlg_jZ qm\kl\h g_m\_j_gghklb b \u agZ_l_ qlh wlh qm\kl\h \hagbdg_l ijb jZa]h\hj_ h[ ; GZqgbl_ jZa]h\hjh[;ihklmdb\ZyiZevpZfbihklhemDh]^Z\ui_j_c^_l_d ^jm]hcl_f_]^_hg [m^_l m\_j_g \ k_[_ Z \Zf ihgZ^h[blky _]h g_m\_j_gghklv ihklmqbl_ iZevpZfb ih klhem b ihemqbl_ gm`gh_ \Zf khklhygb_ iZjlg_jZ Wlh dklZlb lbibqguc ijb_f ke_^h\Zl_eyq_eh\_dihqlbh[yaZl_evghaZc^_l\ _]hdZ[bg_lk qm\kl\hfg_m\_j_gghklb dhlhjh_ gZ^h aZdj_iblv ihôh^ysbf ydhj_f b \uau\Zlv ih f_j_ gZ^h[ghklb bkihevah\Zgb_fwlh]hydhjy@_gsbgZfy ihj_dhf_g^mx\ZjbZgluydhjghcl_ogbdbba j_i_jlmZjZ \_^vf b dhe^mgh\ Ijb\hjhlgh_ a_ev_ ihwjbdkhgbZgkdb >h`^bl_kv fhf_glZdh]^Z\Zrfm`bebk_dkmZevguciZjlg_jbkiulu\Z_lgZb[hevr__\ha[m`^_gb_ gZb\ukr__ `_eZgb_ Ijb^mfZcl_ dZdhcgb[m^v ydhjv êy wlh]h i_j_`b\Zgby hkh[uc \a]ey^ `_kl ijbdhkgh\_gb_ Dh]^Z \Zf ihdZ`_lky qlh fm`qbgZ hklue d \Zf aZ^_ckl\mcl_ydhjvb ihkfhljbl_qlhihemqblky?s_h^bg\ZjbZglDZdaZklZ\blvdh]h lh\ex[blvky\ k_[y"Ih]h\hjbl_k gbfh lhfqlhdh]^Zlhhg[ue\ex[e_gbebk_cqZk \ex[e_g\ ^jm]mx`_gsbgm>h`^bl_kvgZb\ukr_]hi_j_`b\Zgbywfhpbcihôh^ys_c fbfbdb ûoZgby b ihklZ\vl_ ydhjv gZ wlm kblmZpbx Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy ih]h\hjbl_ k gbf gZ ex[mx g_cljZevgmx l_fm Ihlhf aZ]h\hjbl_ h k_[_ b aZ^_ckl\mcl_ydhjv<u[_j_l_lZdbfh[jZahf_]h\ex[e_gghklvbaufZ_l___ baij_`g_]h dhgl_dklZ b i_j_\h^bl_ gZ k_[y ^mfZx m \Zk o\Zlbl khh[jZabl_evghklb gZ lh qlh[u bkihevah\Zlv\^jm]ihy\b\rbckyd \Zfbgl_j_kJZ[hlZk iZjlg_jhf \ ydhjghc l_ogbd_ ihlj_[m_l hl \Zk g_kdhevdh ki_pbnbqghc gZ[ex^Zl_evghklb <Zf gm`gh gZmqblvky aZf_qZlvfhf_glgZb\ukr_cih]jm`_gghklbiZjlg_jZ\ gm`gh_\Zfi_j_`b\Zgb_A^_kv ke_^m_lmqblu\ZlvlZdb_\_sbI_j\h_h[yaZl_evghh[jZsZcl_\gbfZgb_gZg_keh\_kgu_ ijhy\e_gbywfhpbc\ hkgh\ghfwlhfbfbdZb ûoZgb_<lhjh_h[jZsZcl_\gbfZgb_gZ ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi DZ`^hfm i_j_`b\Zgbx khhl\_lkl\m_l kljh]h hij_^_e_ggZy ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ^\b`_gbc ]eZaguo y[ehd aZihfgbl_ dZdh\Z hgZ \ fhf_glgZb\ukr_]hi_j_`b\Zgbylh_klvlh]^Zdh]^Zgm`ghklZ\blvydhjv?kebaZl_f \ oh^_ g_cljZevghc [_k_û \u êy ijh\_jdb h`b\ey_l_ ihklZ\e_gguc ydhjv b g_ ihemqZ_l_ lhc `_ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb ^\b`_gbc ]eZaguo y[ehd lh]h `_ ]eZah^\b]Zl_evgh]h kl_j_hlbiZ dhlhjuc [ue ijb ih]jm`_gbb \ lh i_j_`b\Zgb_ agZqbl ydhjv g_ ^_ckl\m_l ijb^_lky ih\lhjblv _]h ihklZgh\dm >ey jZa\blby lZdhc gZ[ex^Zl_evghklb \u k^_eZ_l_ mijZ`g_gb_ MijZ`g_gb_ 1R <uihegy_lky \ ]jmiiZo ihljh_IZjlg_j: \u[bjZ_l\ k\h_f\gmlj_gg_fhiul_ljbex[uohlebqZxsboky^jm] hl^jm]Zi_j_`b\Zgbybf_gghhlebqZxsboky_keb\u\havf_l_ljbjZaguonhjfZevgh ghh^bgZdh\uoihkms_kl\mi_j_`b\Zgbylh\ZrbfiZjlg_jZf[m^_lljm^ghihwlhfmg_ [_jbl_ \hkihfbgZgb_ h aZ\ljZd_ h[_^_ b m`bg_ \ dZq_kl\_ ijbf_jZ lj_o jZaguo i_j_`b\Zgbc a^_kv [hevr_ ihôh^bl kdZ`_f \hkihfbgZgb_ h lhf dZd [_`Ze klhf_ljh\dm dZd ]hlh\be h[_^ b dZd e_`Ze gZ ^b\Zg_ IZjlg_j : ih hq_j_^b ih]jm`Z_lky \ wlb i_j_`b\Zgby h[hagZqZy bo dZd khklhygb_ 1R khklhygb_ 1Rb khklhygb_1R IZjlg_ju; b< \gbfZl_evgh gZ[ex^Zxl aZ l_f dZdZy fbfbdZ dZdh_ ûoZgb_ b dZdhc ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi khhl\_lkl\mxl dZ`^hfm ba wlbo lj_o khklhygbc GZ \lhjhf wlZi_ mijZ`g_gby iZjlg_j : \gh\v ih]jm`Z_lky \ l_ `_ i_j_`b\Zgbyihhq_j_^bgh\ ^jm]hfihjy^d_gZijbf_jhgfh`_lkgZqZeZih]jmablvky \ i_j_`b\Zgb_ 1Rihlhf \ i_j_`b\Zgb_ 1R ihlhf \ i_j_`b\Zgb_ 1R AZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jh\ ; b < hij_^_eblv \ dZdhf ihjy^d_ iZjlg_j : ih]jm`Zeky \ k\hb i_j_`b\ZgbygZ\lhjhfwlZi_mijZ`g_gbybkihevamylhevdhk^_eZggu_gZi_j\hfwlZi_ gZ[ex^_gby aZ fbfbdhc ûoZgb_f ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguf kl_j_hlbihf K =hjbg Ij_djZkgh\k_kijZ\bebkvk aZ^Zgb_fGZfgh]he_]q_gZ[ex^ZlvaZdZdbflhijhp_kkhf aZjZg__ hij_^_eb\ êy k_[y hihjgu_ lhqdb êy gZ[ex^_gby L_i_jv ihlj_gbjmcl_kv \ ihklZgh\d_dbg_kl_lbq_kdboydhj_cMijZ`g_gb_1R<uihegy_lky\ iZjZoIZjlg_j: \u[bjZ_l ^\Z i_j_`b\Zgby ba k\h_]h `bag_ggh]h hiulZ b khh[sZ_l bo kh^_j`Zgb_ iZjlg_jm ; IZjlg_j ; keh\_kgh ihfh]Z_l iZjlg_jm : ih]jmablvky \ dZ`^h_ ba wlbo i_j_`b\Zgbc aZdj_ieyy i_j_`b\Zgb_ 1R dZdbflh dbg_kl_lbq_kdbf ydhj_f 1R ijbdhkgh\_gb_ d ijZ\hc jmd_ ijZ\hfm [_^jm Z i_j_`b\Zgb_ 1R ydhj_f 1R ihklZ\e_gguf gZ kbff_ljbqgmx klhjhgm l_eZ ijbdhkgh\_gb_ d e_\hc jmd_ e_\hfm [_^jmAZ^ZqZiZjlg_jZ; gZwlhfi_j\hfwlZi_ihfhqviZjlg_jm: ^hklbqvgZbemqr_c ih]jm`_gghklb \ i_j_`b\Zgby qlh[u ihklZ\blv dZ`ûc ba ydhj_c gZ \ukhl_ i_j_`b\Zgby<lhjhcwlZimijZ`g_gbyaZdexqZ_lky\ lhfqlhiZjlg_j; \g_cljZevghc [_k_^_h`b\ey_li_jbh^bq_kdbydhjy1R1Rb h[jZsZy\gbfZgb_gZfZdkbfZevgmx lhqghklv bo \hkijhba\_^_gby ijbdhkgh\_gb_ d lhc `_ lhqd_ k lhc bgl_gkb\ghklvx ^Z\e_gby AZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jZ ; gZ \lhjhf wlZi_ \ua\Zlv m iZjlg_jZ : \k_ g_keh\_kgu_ j_Zdpbb fbfbdZ ûoZgb_ ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi dhlhju_ khhl\_lkl\mxl i_j_`b\Zgbyf 1R1R b ijb h`b\e_gbb ydhj_c 1R1R b Ihke_ \uiheg_gby mijZ`g_gby iZjlg_ju f_gyxlky jheyfb K =hjbg Kms_kl\mxl \ZjbZglu ydhjghc l_ogbdb êy jZ[hlu k kZfbf kh[hc Gm kZfuc ijhklhc ijbf_j ih`Zemc wlh ijbf_g_gb_ ydhj_c êy aZihfbgZgby Dh]^Z \u jbkm_l_ dj_klbd gZ eZ^hgb beb aZ\yau\Z_l_ma_ehdgZieZld_\ul_fkZfufkha^Z_l_\bamZevgucydhjvêyaZihfbgZgby lh]h qlh \Zf ij_^klhbl k^_eZlv Gh ijbf_g_gb_ kh[kl\_gguo ydhj_c [he__ fgh]hh[jZagh LZd \u fh`_l_ aZdj_iblv dZdbflh ydhj_f gm`gh_ \Zf khklhygb_ ?keb \u kdZ`_f ijb\udeb ihemqZlv qm\kl\h [h^jhklb hl qZrdb dhn_ lh \ ke_^mxsbc jZa dh]^Z[m^_l_iblvdhn_msbigbl_k_[yaZfhqdmmoZIh\lhjbl_ihklZgh\dmlZdh]hydhjy gZqm\kl\h[h^jhklbb \[m^ms_fbkihevamcl__]hêyihemq_gby[h^jhklb[_adhn_ :gZeh]bqguf kihkh[hf k ihfhsvx ydhjy ihklZ\e_gghf gZ kZfhf k_[_ \u fh`_l_ ihemqZlv ^hklmi d ex[hfm gm`ghfm \Zf khklhygbx < k\h_c ijZdlbd_ y j_dhf_g^mx `_gsbgZf bf_xsbf ijh[e_fm k ^hklb`_gb_f hj]ZafZ aZdj_ieylv dZdbflh kh[kl\_ggufydhj_fex[hc^hklb]gmluchj]Zafb aZl_fijbf_gylvwlhlydhjvêy[he__ e_]dh]h ^hklb`_gby hj]ZafZ \ ^jm]bo iheh\uo ZdlZo Y ijb\_e lhevdh ^\Z dhgdj_lguo ijbf_jZ ohly bo agZqbl_evgh [hevr_ Ijb aZgylbyo kZfh]bighahf \u fh`_l_ [ukljh ih]jmablvky \ ljZgk aZdj_ib\ ydhj_f ij_û^msb_ khklhygby ljZgkZ <u fh`_l_ bkihevah\Zlv ydhjv êy aZkuiZgby ydhjv êy l\hjq_kdhc Zdlb\ghklb ydhjv êy kihdhckl\by b êy khlgb ^jm]bo gm`guo \Zf khklhygbc Y g_ ohl_e [u gZ wlhf hklZgZ\eb\Zlvky ihlhfm qlh bgl_j_kg__ \k_ `_ ijbf_gylv ydhjgmx l_ogbdm \ fZgbimeypbyok iZjlg_jhfHq_gvbaysghfh`ghijbf_gblvydhjgmxl_ogbdm_keb\u _s_ b magZeb \gmlj_ggxx kljZl_]bx iZjlg_jZ ih j_r_gbx dZdhclh ijh[e_fu Gm ij_îheh`bfqlh\uohl_eb[uqlh[udlhlhbaiZjlg_jh\[hevr_^h\_jye\ZfQlhlml gm`ghk^_eZlv"<uijhklhihôh^bl_d wlhfmq_eh\_dmb ]h\hjbl_ihôh^bld He_]m : lu\hh[s_dh]^Zgb[m^vdhfmgb[m^v^h\_jye"He_]ihke_iZmauhl\_qZ_l>Z\ wlhl fhf_gl K =hjbg ijbdZkZ_lky d ijZ\hfm ie_qm He_]Z AZl_f \u kijZrb\Z_l_ : dZd lu magZ_rv h lhf qlh wlhfm q_eh\_dm lu ^h\_jy_rv" >h`^Z\rbkv baf_g_gbc \ fbfbd_b ûoZgbbK=hjbg\gh\vijbdZkZ_lkyd ijZ\hfmie_qmHe_]ZHe_]Gmy wlh qm\kl\mxK=hjbgHghkhagZ_lqlhhgwlhqm\kl\m_lghgZkbgl_j_km_lg_keh\_kguc hl\_l He_]Z _]h \gmlj_ggyy kljZl_]by \ujZ[hldb ^h\_jby b wlhl hl\_l [ue [he__ jZa\_jgmluf ]eZagu_ y[ehdb k^_eZeb ^\b`_gb_ \e_\h ih ]hjbahglZeb aZl_f \ijZ\h \gbaAgZqblgZklhysZykljZl_]bym He_]Zkeurmqm\kl\mxGZke_^mxs_fwlZi_y \_jgmHe_]m_]hkljZl_]bx\f_kl_k ydhj_fh[jZsZ_lky d He_]mDh]^Z lu keurbrv fhc]hehklufh`_rvihqm\kl\h\ZlvjZkiheh`_gb_dhfg_"Ih\lhjy_lijbdhkgh\_gb_ d ijZ\hfm ie_qm He_]Z He_] m^b\e_ggh >ZZZ K =hjbg Iheh`_gh ijh\_jylv dZq_kl\hjZ[hluIhkemrZcHe_]^Zcfg_\aZcfuiylvlukyqHe_]ihe_a\ dZjfZg KiZkb[h g_ gZ^h :gZeh]bqgZy kljZl_]by fh`_l ijbf_gylvky êy \ujZ[hldb qm\kl\Z kbfiZlbb beb _keb \u ohlbl_ qlh[u dlhgb[m^v h[jZlbe gZ \Zk \gbfZgb_ I_j\uc \hijhk Lu dh]^Zgb[m^v h[jZsZe gZ dh]hlh \gbfZgb_" b klZ\bl_ ydhjv <lhjhc \hijhk : dZd lu magZ_rv h lhf qlh gZ^h h[jZlblv \gbfZgb_" b ke_^bl_ aZ ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguf kl_j_hlbihf ^_eZy dhgljhevgmx ihklZgh\dm ydhjy Ihemqb\ kljZl_]bxijbgylbyj_r_gbyh lhfqlhgZdh]hlhklhblh[jZlblv\gbfZgb_gZijbf_j \b`mqm\kl\mx \u hnhjfey_l_ k\hx njZam \ khhl\_lkl\bb k wlhc kljZl_]b_c ?keb lu m\b^brv eyeyey fh`_rv eb lu ihqm\kl\h\Zlv [m[m[m" b aZdZgqb\Z_l_ __ h`b\e_gb_f jZg__ gZeh`_ggh]h ydhjy B iZjlg_j \_kv \Zr Y ih\lhjyx qlh klZ\blv ydhjvgZ^hlh]^Zdh]^Z\u\b^bl_g_keh\_kguchl\_liZjlg_jZgZ\ukhl_i_j_`b\Zgby `_eZl_evgh qlh[u ydhjv g_ hkhagZ\Zeky iZjlg_jhf b gZdhg_p \hkijhba\h^blv ydhjv gZ^hk fZdkbfZevghclhqghklvxB _s_\ufh`_l_aZdj_ieylvdZdh_eb[hi_j_`b\Zgb_ m iZjlg_jZ kjZam g_kdhevdbfb ydhjyfb <u fh`_l_ ]h\hjblv k iZjlg_jhf ih\_jgm\ ]heh\m gZijZ\h \bamZevguc ydhjv ih\lhjyy ijb wlhf lZd lZd lZd beb ohjhrh ohjhrh ohjhrh Zm^bZevguc ydhjv b dZd [u g_\agZqZc ijbdhkgm\rbkv d iZjlg_jm dbg_kl_lbq_kdbcydhjvDh]^Z\Zfgm`gh[m^_l\ua\ZlvaZdj_ie_ggh_lZdbfkihkh[hf i_j_`b\Zgb_ \u ih\lhjbl_ k\h_ ih\_^_gb_ m\_ebqb\ \_jhylghklv ^_ckl\by ydhj_c ijhklhl_fqlhbo[uehljbB _klv_s_h^gZ\Z`gZyb bgl_j_kgZyh[eZklvijbf_g_gby ydhjghcl_ogbdbIj_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlhm \Zr_]hiZjlg_jZ_klvdZdh_lhhljbpZl_evgh_ \hkihfbgZgb_ b \u aZdj_ibeb _]h ydhj_f 1R B m iZjlg_jZ _klv dZdh_lh iheh`bl_evgh_\hkihfbgZgb_\u aZdj_ibeb _]h ydhj_f1R Qlh ijhbahc^_l _keb \u h`b\bl_h[Zydhjyh^gh\j_f_gghc< `bagb\_^vg_\hafh`ghh^gh\j_f_gghihemqblvb iheh`bl_evgh_ b hljbpZl_evgh_ \i_qZle_gb_ i_j_`b\Zgb_" : ijhbkoh^bl ke_^mxs__ [he__keZ[h_\hkihfbgZgb_klbjZ_lkybkq_aZ_leb[hg_bkq_aZyiheghklvxhkeZ[_\Z_l _s_ [hevr_ Wlh fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv êy lh]h qlh[u m[jZlv m iZjlg_jZ dZdh_lh g_ijbylgh_ \hkihfbgZgb_ IjZ\^Z gm`gh ihaZ[hlblvky qlh[u iheh`bl_evgh_ \hkihfbgZgb_ [ueh kbevg__ XjZ dZdlh `Zeh\Zeky qlh hg hq_gv \hegm_lky i_j_^ wdaZf_gZfbWlZkblmZpbyohjhrhihôh^bld l_ogbd_kh\f_s_gbyydhj_cb _keb XjZ g_ ijhlb\ fu k_cqZk ihjZ[hlZ_f k _]h \heg_gb_f XjZ g_ ijhlb\ K =hjbg kZ^blky gZijhlb\ Xju ke_]dZ ih\hjZqb\Z_l ]heh\m gZijZ\h XjZ \kihfgb dZd bf_ggh lu \hegm_rvky <hl lu aZr_e \ dZ[bg_l ]^_ b^ml wdaZf_gu lu m`_ gZqZe \hegh\Zlvky" <kihfgb ihke_^gbc wdaZf_g dh]^Z lu bkiulu\Ze kbevgh_ \heg_gb_ ihke_ iZmau K =hjbg ijbdZkZ_lky ijZ\hc jmdhc d e_\hfm dhe_gm Xju LZd lZd Bgl_j_kgh Z fh`_rveblu\kihfgblvi_j\ucwdaZf_gdhlhjucgZlhedgmel_[ygZfukevh lhfqlh gZ wdaZf_g_ fh`gh \hegh\Zlvky" Ih\lhjy_l ijbdhkgh\_gb_ LZd lZd : lu m\_j_g \ lhf qlh wlh bf_ggh \heg_gb_" Ih\lhjy_l ijbdhkgh\_gb_ LZd H[jZsZykv d Zm^blhjbb<k_m\b^_ebg_keh\_kguchl\_lXju"Hg^_ckl\bl_evghi_j_`b\Zek_cqZk \heg_gb_b fuaZdj_ibeb_]hlj_fyydhjyfbHl^hogbXjZ\kljyogbkvg_fgh]hFg_ bgl_j_kgh Z dZdh_ qm\kl\h lu ohl_e [u bkiulu\Zlv \h \j_fy wdaZf_gZ" K =hjbg ih\hjZqb\Z_l]heh\m\e_\hXjZY ohl_e[u[ulvm\_j_ggufK=hjbgLu[uedh]^Z gb[m^v m\_j_gguf" Lu agZ_rv qlh wlh aZ qm\kl\h lu _]h bkiulu\Ze \ k\h_c `bagb" XjZ db\Z_l ]heh\hc f_gy_lky _]h ihaZ fbfbdZ K =hjbg ijbdZkZ_lky e_\hc jmdhc d ijZ\hfm dhe_gm Xju Ohjhrh ohjhrh < dZdhc kblmZpbb lu k_[y qm\kl\m_rv m\_j_ggh" Fh`gh h[ wlhf jZkkdZaZlv" XjZ Dh]^Z y aZ jme_f Z\lhfh[bey K =hjbg h[jZsZykv d Zm^blhjbb Wlhl \hijhk y fh] [u b g_ aZ^Z\Zlv fh`gh [ueh ijhklh ihijhkblv ih^jh[gh \kihfgblv kblmZpbx k\yaZggmx k qm\kl\hf m\_j_gghklb h[jZsZykv d Xj_ \gh\v ih\hjZqb\Z_l ]heh\m \e_\h Ohjhrh XjZ \kihfgb k\hb hsms_gbyaZjme_fZ\lhfh[bey<kihfgbboohjhrhKlZgvm\_j_ggufqlh[ufuwlh ihgyeb ih\lhjy_l ijbdhkgh\_gb_ d ijZ\hfm dhe_gm Xju Ohjhrh fheh^_p EZ^gh hl\e_dbkvH[jZsZykv d Zm^blhjbb L_i_jv b iheh`bl_evgh_ i_j_`b\Zgb_ aZdj_ie_gh lj_fyydhjyfb L_ ba \Zk dlh [ue ^hklZlhqgh \gbfZl_e_g fh]eb aZf_lblv kh\_jr_ggh jZagu_ ]eZah^\b]Zl_evgu_ kl_j_hlbiu ^\mo wlbo khklhygbc \heg_gby b m\_j_gghklb K_cqZkihdZy \Zfqlhlhh[tykgyxfh`ghijh\_jblvgZkdhevdhijhqghydhjyk\yaZgu k i_j_`b\Zgbyfb Ih\hjZqb\Z_l ]heh\m gZijZ\h ijbdZkZ_lky d e_\hfm dhe_gm Xju Ih`ZemcklZ \_kv i_j\uc g_keh\_kguc dhfie_dk \hkijhba\_^_g Ihkfhljb XjZ dZd \gbfZl_evgu d l_[_ mqZklgbdb k_fbgZjZ ]^_ _s_ lu ihemqbrv lZdh_ \gbfZgb_" Ijh^he`Zy jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv ih\hjZqb\Z_l ]heh\m \e_\h ijbdZkZ_lky d ijZ\hfm dhe_gm XjuIjh\_jdZaZdhgq_gZydhjyjZ[hlZxlK_cqZky bokh\f_sm]heh\ZjZkiheh`_gZ ijyfhijbdZkZ_lkykjZamd ^\mfdhe_gyfXjuLZdohjhrhL_i_jvijhklhihkb^b Fh`_l [ulv l_[_ [m^ml bgl_j_kgu l_ baf_g_gby dhlhju_ m`_ gZqZebkv >Z\Zc ih^h`^_f j_amevlZlZ LZd ohjhrh h[jZsZykv d Zm^blhjbb Lh qlh q_eh\_d ih]jm`Z_lky\ ljZgkijbkh\f_s_gbbydhj_ckh\_jr_ggh_kl_kl\_ggh?fmijboh^blky hq_gv kbevgh ih]jm`Zlvky \h \gmlj_ggbc hiul Y ]h\hjx wlh êy Zm^blhjbb gh dZd \b^bl_ fhy ihaZ hklZ_lky ij_`g_c B y `^m dh]^Z mklZgh\blky dZdhclh ^jm]hc ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi dhlhjuc g_ khhl\_lkl\m_l i_j\hfm khklhygbx <k_ Iha`_y ijhdhff_glbjmxih^jh[g__lhqlh[uehk^_eZghZ k_cqZkaZcfmkvijh\_jdhc dZq_kl\ZjZ[hluXjZdh]^Zl_[_ij_^klhblk^Z\Zlvhq_j_^ghcwdaZf_g"Ij_^klZ\vk\h_ ih\_^_gb_ \ wlhc kblmZpbb <hl hg wlhl kljZrguc dZ[bg_l kh kljZrgufb wdaZf_gZlhjZfb ih\hjZqb\Z_l ]heh\m \e_\h ijbdZkZ_lky d ijZ\hfm dhe_gm Xju <hh[jZab \k_ wlh ohjhrh b ih^jh[gh DZdbf [m^_l l\h_ kZfhqm\kl\b_" XjZ m^b\e_ggh Y [m^m kihdh_g b m\_j_g K =hjbg <k_ jZ[hlZ k^_eZgZ dZq_kl\_ggh L_i_jv i_j_c^_f d ihykg_gbyf BlZd \ kblmZpbb wdaZf_gZ XjZ ohl_e qm\kl\h\Zlv g_ \heg_gb_ Z m\_j_gghklv Qm\kl\h m\_j_gghklb fu \ayeb ba ^jm]h]h dhgl_dklZ ba mijZ\e_gbyZ\lhfh[be_fb i_j_g_keb_]hk ihfhsvxydhj_c\ kblmZpbxwdaZf_gZ>ey ijh\_jdb wnn_dlb\ghklb jZ[hlu b êy ijhê_gby wlhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ [m^ms__ fu ij_êh`beb Xj_ \kihfgblv ij_^klZ\blv kblmZpbx wdaZf_gZ ijb aZ^_ckl\h\Zgghf iheh`bl_evghfydhj_Fh`gh[uehb kh\f_s_gb_ydhj_cijh\_klblZdbf`_kihkh[hf dZd fu ijh\_eb ijh\_jdm AZ q_f ke_^h\Zeh gZ[ex^Zlv" Ihke_ kh\f_s_gby ydhj_c \ kemqZ_ _keb hljbpZl_evgh_ i_j_`b\Zgb_ hkeZ[eh beb bkq_aeh ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbieb[hiheghklvxkhhl\_lkl\m_l\lhjhfmiheh`bl_evghfmi_j_`b\Zgbxeb[h klZgh\blkydZdbflhkj_^gbfg_ihoh`bfgbgZi_j\ucgb gZ\lhjhckl_j_hlbiuIjb ijh\_jd_ ih^kljhcd_ d [m^ms_fm ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi lZd`_ ^he`_g khhl\_lkl\h\Zlveb[hiheh`bl_evghfmkhklhygbxeb[h[ulvdZdbflhkj_^gbfQ_eh\_d ij_^klZ\ey_lk_[_hljbpZl_evgh_i_j_`b\Zgb_gh]eZah^\b]Zl_evguckl_j_hlbi\u^Z_l êy iheh`bl_evgh]h wlh b hagZqZ_l qlh jZ[hlZ k^_eZgZ ?keb wlh]h g_l jZ[hlZ gm`^Z_lky \ ih\lhj_gbb _keb b ijb ih\lhj_gbb gm`guo baf_g_gbc g_l ke_^m_l \u[jZlv ^jm]hc f_lh^ êy jZ[hlu k lZdhc ijh[e_fhc L_ogbdZ kh\f_s_gby ydhj_c ijbf_gbfZ d ex[uf kblmZpbyf dhlhju_ fh`gh hibkZlv nhjfmehc Ijh[e_fZ \ lhf qlh\ kblmZpbbF ybkiulu\Zxqm\kl\h;<f_klhg_]hy ohl_e[ubkiulu\Zlvqm\kl\h <dhlhjh_m f_gy[u\Z_l\ kblmZpbbGKe_^mywlhcnhjfme_\u[_j_l_qm\kl\h<ba dhgl_dklZG bi_j_ghkbl__]h\ dhgl_dklFaZf_gyylZfqm\kl\hO qm\kl\hf<Ihfbfh \heg_gbyi_j_^wdaZf_ghfij_^klZjlh\hcebohjZ^dbwlhcnhjfme_khhl\_lkl\mxllZdb_ ijh[e_fudZdkljZoim[ebqguo\uklmie_gbcibkqbckiZafg_h[hkgh\ZggZyg_ijbyagv d dhfmeb[hfh`ghgZclbkhlgbijbf_jh\H[jZlbl_\gbfZgb_gZlhqlh_kebijh[e_fZ khhl\_lkl\m_lnhjfme_lhkh^_j`Zgb_fijh[e_fufh`ghg_aZgbfZlvkyjZ[hlZylhevdh k ijhp_kkhf baf_g_gby Wlbf y b ij_êh`m aZgylvky \ ke_^mxs_f mijZ`g_gbb MijZ`g_gb_1R<uihegy_lky\ iZjZoIZjlg_j: gZoh^bl\ k\h_f\gmlj_gg_fhiul_ ijh[e_fm dhlhjmx hg ohl_e [u jZaj_rblv b dhlhjZy khhl\_lkl\m_l nhjfme_ < kblmZpbb F y ohqm bkiulu\Zlv qm\kl\h < \f_klh qm\kl\Z ; IZjlg_j ; jZ[hlZ_l k iZjlg_jhf : ih ko_f_ RZ] IZjlg_j ; kihkh[kl\m_l ^hklb`_gbx iZjlg_jhf : gZb\ukr_]hi_j_`b\Zgbyqm\kl\ZO g_ijbylgh]hhij_^_eyykhimlkl\mxsbcqm\kl\mO ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguckl_j_hlbib ^jm]b_g_keh\_kgu_ijhy\e_gbyGZ\ukhl_i_j_`b\Zgby iZjlg_j ; aZdj_iey_l m iZjlg_jZ : qm\kl\h O dZdbf eb[h beb dZdbfbeb[h ydhj_f ydhjyfbbf_gm_fuf^Ze__hljbpZl_evgufydhj_fbebydhj_f1RSZ]IZjlg_j; k ihfhsvx g_cljZevghc [_k_û ihfh]Z_l iZjlg_jm : ba[Z\blvky hl qm\kl\Z ; ihke_ q_]h kihkh[kl\m_l ^hklb`_gbx iZjlg_jhf : iheh`bl_evgh]h ijbylgh]h qm\kl\Z < hij_^_eyy khimlkl\mxsbc qm\kl\m < ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi b ^jm]b_ g_keh\_kgu_ ijhy\e_gby GZ \ukhl_ i_j_`b\Zgby iZjlg_j ; aZdj_iey_l qm\kl\h < iheh`bl_evguf ydhj_f ydhjyfb 1R SZ] < g_cljZevghc [_k_^_ iZjlg_j ; h`b\ey_l \gh\v gZdeZû\Z_l ydhjy 1R1R b ih hq_j_^b ijh\_jyy ihy\eyxlky eb ijb wlhf khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ydhjyf g_keh\_kgu_ ijhy\e_gby b ]eZah^\b]Zl_evgu_ kl_j_hlbiu?keb^ZlhiZjlg_j; fh`_lmlhqgblvkeh\_kgh^_ckl\bl_evghebiZjlg_j : ohq_lbkiulu\Zlv \f_klh qm\kl\Z O qm\kl\h<ijbhljbpZl_evghf hl\_l_ iZjlg_j ; \ha\jZsZ_lky gZ ij_û^msbc rZ] b ij_êZ]Z_l iZjlg_jm : \u[jZlv [he__ ihôh^ys__ qm\kl\h < beb < ?keb g_l lh iZjlg_j ; \ha\jZsZ_lky gZ h^bg ba ij_û^msbo rZ]h\ b aZgh\h gZdeZû\Z_l h^bg beb h[Z ydhjy SZ] IZjlg_j ; h^gh\j_f_ggh h`b\ey_l ydhjv 1R b ydhjv 1R b ^Z_l \j_fy iZjlg_jm : êy gh\hc hj]ZgbaZpbb \gmlj_gg_]h hiulZ h`b^Zy mklhcqb\h]h ]eZah^\b]Zl_evgh]h kl_j_hlbiZ khhl\_lkl\mxs_]hqm\kl\m<bebgh\h]hmkj_^g_ggh]h]eZah^\b]Zl_evgh]hkl_j_hlbiZ g_ kh\iZ^Zxs_]h gb kh kl_j_hlbihf qm\kl\Z ; gb kh kl_j_hlbihf qm\kl\Z < RZ] Ijh\_jdZ b ih^kljhcdZ d [m^ms_fm IZjlg_j ; h`b\ey_l iheh`bl_evguc ydhjv ydhjv 1R b ijhkbl iZjlg_jZ : ij_^klZ\blv k_[_ kblmZpbx F khh[sZy h l_o qm\kl\Zo dhlhju_ l_i_jv \uau\Z_l wlZ bkoh^gZy kblmZpby H^gh\j_f_ggh iZjlg_j ; hp_gb\Z_l ihy\eyxsbcky ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi b ^jm]b_ g_keh\_kgu_ ijhy\e_gby ?keb iZjlg_j; gZ[ex^Z_lkl_j_hlbiqm\kl\Z<bebmkj_^g_ggucjZ[hlZhdhgq_gZ?kebg_l lh iZjlg_j ; \ha\jZsZ_lky gZ ij_û^msbc rZ] b ih\lhjy_l kh\f_s_gb_ ydhj_c < l_q_gb_ \k_]h mijZ`g_gby iZjlg_j ; klZjZ_lky g_ \gbdZlv \ kh^_j`Zgb_ kblmZpbb F qm\kl\Z O b qm\kl\Z < GZ ke_^mxs_f wlZi_ iZjlg_ju f_gyxlky jheyfb J_nj_cfbg] kh^_j`ZgbyK=hjbgFh`ghkdZaZlvqlhFbelhgWjbdkhbhldjueb gZqZeIjbf_gylv ydhjgu_l_ogbdbb l_ogbdbj_nj_cfbg]ZohlybohibkZgb_b ^Z`_gZa\Zgb_ihy\behkv iha`_ \ jZ[hlZo >` =jbg^_jZ b J ;wgê_jZ lh _klv \ g_cjhebg]\bklbq_kdhf ijh]jZffbjh\Zgbb:g]ebckdh_keh\hj_nj_cfbg]g_h^ghagZqgh_]hfh`ghi_j_\_klb b dZdi_j_f_gZjZfum dZjlbgub dZdi_j_f_gZdZjlbgu\ lhc`_jZf_< ikboheh]bb b ikbohl_jZibb l_jfbghf j_nj_cfgb] h[hagZqZxl baf_g_gb_ wfhpbhgZevgh]h hlghr_gby d dZdhclh ijh[e_f_ ijhbkr_^r__ \ke_^kl\b_ i_j_f_gu keh\_kgh]h hnhjfe_gby wlhc ijh[e_fu kh^_j`Zgb_ ijh[e_fu ijb wlhf g_ f_gy_lky b kZfZ ijh[e_fZ \ kmsghklb gbdm^Z g_ moh^bl >ey ijyfhc beexkljZpbb ihgylby j_nj_cfbg]Zy fh][uihdZaZlv\ZfdZdmxlhdZjlbgdm\ jZf_h^gh]hp\_lZZ aZl_flm `_ dZjlbgdm \ jZf_ ^jm]h]h p\_lZ b \u [u ihgyeb qlh hlghr_gb_ d dZjlbg_ ^_ckl\bl_evgh aZ\bkblhl lhc jZfdb dhlhjhc hgZ hdjm`_gZ Gh ihkdhevdm j_nj_cfbg] hlghkblkyd j_q_\ufl_ogbdZfy iha\hexk_[_^jm]mxbeexkljZpbxIj_^klZ\vl_k_[_ qlh\ukbfiZlbqgZy^_\mrdZb \ukeurbl_\ k\hcZ^j_k^\Z\ukdZau\Zgbyi_j\h_ba dhlhjuo< ]jm^b]hjblh]hgv`_eZgvyZ \lhjh_Gmb l_edZ\hl[u__ ljZogmlv < h[hbo kemqZyo kfuke \ukdZau\Zgby h^bgZdh\ jZaebqZ_lky lhevdh hnhjfe_gb_ gh dZd kbevgh wlh f_gy_l \Zr_ hlghr_gb_ d kfukem ?keb \u wlh ihgyeb lh \u ihgyeb qlh lZdh_ j_nj_cfbg] Kms_kl\mxl l_ogbdb j_nj_cfbg]Z iha\heyxsb_ jZ[hlZlv k ijhp_kkhf fure_gby iZjlg_jZ g_aZ\bkbfh hl dhgdj_lgh]h kh^_j`Zgby b^_c Wlb l_ogbdb^h\hevghkeh`gub fuk \Zfb[m^_fbamqZlv[he__ijhklu_l_ogbdb\ dhlhjuo bkihevam_lkykh^_j`Zgb_b^_bbebijh[e_fu@_eZxsb_magZlvh [he__keh`guo\b^Zo j_nj_cfbg]Z fh]ml ijhqblZlv dgb]m J;wgê_jZ b >`=jbg^_jZ J_nj_cfbg] i_j_nhjfbjh\Zgb_ k ihfhsvx j_q_\uo kljZl_]bc Bgl_j_kguc ihôh^ d ijbf_g_gbx j_nj_cfbg]Z\ i_^Z]h]bd_kh^_j`blky\ dgb]_EbgûEehc^RdhevgZyfZ]byI_j\uc \ZjbZglj_nj_cfbg]Zkh^_j`Zgbyj_nj_cfbg]kfukeZ<ufh`_l_bf\hkihevah\Zlvky dh]^Zdlhlhij_^ty\ey_lgZfijh[e_fmhibku\Z_fmxnhjfmehcdh]^Zijhbkoh^bl; y qm\kl\mx < Ykgh qlh kh[ulb_ O bf__l êy wlh]h q_eh\_dZ hljbpZl_evguc kfuke b \uau\Z_l hljbpZl_evgh_ hlghr_gb_ <Zf ijb^_lky ihbkdZlv iheh`bl_evguc kfuke m kh[ulby ; GZijbf_j dlhlh ba jh^bl_e_c ]h\hjbl Dh]^Z fhb ^_lb rmfyl y jZa^jZ`Zxkvlh_klvqm\kl\mxk_[yjZa^jZ`_ggufIh^jZamf_\Z_lkyqlh^_lbrmfyl eb[hihlhfmqlhbfg_q_]h^_eZlveb[hihlhfmqlhohlyl^hkZ^blvjh^bl_eyf>Z\Zcl_ ihf_gy_f kfuke ^_lkdh]h rmfZWlh ij_djZkgh qlh \Zrb^_lbj_a\ylky wlh agZqbl qlh hgb \iheg_ a^hjh\u b ihemqZxl m^h\hevkl\b_ hl ^\b`_gbc LZdZy ljZdlh\dZ mkihdZb\Z_l fgh]bo jh^bl_e_c <lhjhc \ZjbZgl j_nj_cfbg] dhgl_dklZ Hg ihôh^bl êyijh[e_fhibku\Z_fuonhjfmehcY kebrdhf;bebHgkebrdhf9Ijh[e_fu lZdh]h lbiZ \k_]^Z k\yaZgu k dhgl_dklhf \ dhlhjhfy kebrdhf ; ihbsbl_ ^jm]hc dhgl_dkl\ dhlhjhfk\hckl\hO klZg_liheh`bl_evgufFgh]b_ihegu_ex^bijh\h^yl j_nj_cfbg]dhgl_dklZêyk\h_ciheghlu]h\hjyEx[bfh]hl_eZ^he`gh[ulvfgh]h `_gsbgu beb KZf_p gZqbgZ_lky ihke_ klZ dbeh]jZffh\ fm`qbgu H^gZ`û y \klj_lbeky k mijZ\eyxs_c dhff_jq_kdbf [Zgdhf êy jZa]h\hjZ h kkm^Zo b ijhp_glZo Hgb ^Zxl kkmû ih^ ijhp_glh\ ]h^h\uo b mijZ\eyxsZy [Zgdhf ]h\hjbeZ ba\bgyxsbfky lhghf Dhg_qgh wlh fgh]h gh \u agZ_l_ gZf p_gljZevguc [Zgd ^Z_l kj_^kl\Z ih^ ijhp_glh\ fu \ugm`^_gu Bkihevamy lZdhc klbev ih\_^_gby hgZ \iheg_fh`_lihl_jylvihl_gpbZevgh]hdeb_glZ\ lh`_\j_fyhgZfh]eZ[uijbf_gblv j_nj_cfbg] dhgl_dklZ b ijb\e_qv deb_glZ kdZaZ\ _fm M gZk \ukhdb_ ijh p_glu [eZ]h^Zjyq_fmfufh`_f\Zf^Zlvex[mxkmffmgZex[hckjhdKlZedb\Zebkveb\uk kblmZpbyfb ihôh^ysbfb êy j_nj_cfbg]Z" Ihijh[mcl_ gZclb dhgdj_lguc ijbf_j GZlZrZ Y ohqm dmiblv kmg^md gh hg kebrdhf ^hjh]hc K =hjbg Wlh ijbf_j êy j_nj_cfbg]Z dhgl_dklZ < dZdhf dhgl_dkl_ ^hjh]h\bagZ kmg^mdZ fh`_l klZlv iheh`bl_evghc" Hl\_lu Kmg^md ba]hlh\e_g ba gZlmjZevgh]h ^_j_\Z lZdb_ \_sb kem`Zl hq_gv ^he]h DZq_kl\_ggZy \_sv g_ [u\Z_l ^_r_\hc b \Zr_ ijbh[j_l_gb_ kjZam ihdZ`_l ]hklyf \ukhdh_ iheh`_gb_ \Zr_c k_fvb Wlh jmqgZy jZ[hlZ \lhjh]h lZdh]h wda_fieyjZ g_ kms_kl\m_l D lhfm `_ j_av[Z ih ^_j_\m k^_eZgZ ba\_klguf om^h`gbdhf<hijhkbaaZeZ: dZdhciheh`bl_evgucdhgl_dkl\ugZc^_l_êyf_gyy kebrdhf \kiuevqb\" K =hjbg Hlebqgh fu ijbf_f \Zk gZ jZ[hlm êy lh]h qlh[u \uijh\Z`b\Zlv gZahceb\uo deb_glh\ J_iebdZ ba aZeZ Wlh `_ kZfZy [_kiZj^hggZy fZgbimeypbyK=hjbgIha^jZ\eyx\ugZdhg_plhihgyebq_fmmqbl_kvJ_nj_cfbg] kh^_j`Zgby lj_[m_l l\hjq_kdh]h ihôh^Z L_ nhjfmeu dhlhju_ y ijb\_e lhevdh g_fgh]h h[e_]qZxl ihbkd \ j_nj_cfbjh\Zgbb ijh[e_fu ?keb wlh ihdZaZehkv \Zf ljm^guflhijbfbl_kh\_lg_ba[_]Zcl_ljm^guokemqZ_\b ljm^guodeb_glh\bgZq_ hgb \Zk kZfb gZc^ml ijbq_f bf_ggh lh]^Z dh]^Z \u[m^_l_ d wlhfm g_ ]hlh\u H[km`^_gb_ <hijhk ba aZeZ <u ]h\hjbeb h \hafh`ghf ijbf_g_gbb l_ogbdb jZkk_b\Zgby \ kj_^kl\Zo fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb Wlh _^bgkl\_ggZy \hafh`ghklv" K =hjbgG_ldhg_qgh< ihke_^g__\j_fyy aZf_lbeqlh\hajZklZ_lihimeyjghklvydhjghc l_ogbdb \ j_deZf_ GZijbf_j \ j_deZf_ rZfimgy ih l_e_\b^_gbx [ueh bkihevah\Zgh ihke_^h\Zl_evgh_ kh\f_s_gb_ ydhj_c kgZqZeZ ihdZaZgZ djZkb\Zy `_gsbgZ k jhkdhrgufb\hehkZfbaZl_f[mluehqdZk rZfimg_faZl_fhiylv`_gsbgZdhlhjZy fh_l ]heh\m wlbf rZfimg_f Z [mluehqdZ klhbl jy^hf hiylv `_gsbgZ dhlhjZy djZkb\h \kljyob\Z_l \hehku b hiylv [mluehqdZ k rZfimg_f fg_ ihdZaZehkv qlh k dZ`ûf \kljyob\Zgb_f ]heh\hc dhebq_kl\h \hehk m `_gsbgu m\_ebqb\Zehkv LZdbf h[jZahfm\b^_\wlhlrZfimgvgZijbeZ\d_ihdmiZl_evgbpZg_ba[_`ghhlh`^_kl\bl_]h k ohjhrbfb \hehkZfb b djZkb\uf ebphf Hq_gv ijhn_kkbhgZevgh k lhqdb aj_gby wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h ]bighaZ k^_eZgZ j_deZfZ [jbl\_gguo ijb[hjh\ nbjfu@bee_l DZd ihdZaZlv ohjhr__ dZq_kl\h [jblvy" Hgb ihklZ\beb jy^hf k ih[jb\rbfky @bee_lhf fm`qbghc`_gsbgmdhlhjZyihl_jeZkvh _]hs_dmb lh`_ijbf_gbebihke_^h\Zl_evgh_ kh\f_s_gb_ ydhj_c [jbl\Z `_gsbgZ jy^hf k fm`qbghc Djhf_ lh]h \ khijh\h^bl_evghf l_dkl_ [ue bkihevah\Zg lZdhc h[hjhl \u [m^_l_ \u]ey^_lv b qm\kl\h\Zlvk_[yij_\hkoh^ghA^_kv\dexq_gub kZfu_jZkijhkljZg_ggu_fh^Zevghklb \bamZevgZy b dbg_kl_lbq_kdZy êy lh]h qlh[u [hevr__ qbkeh ihdmiZl_e_c ijbgyeh wlh khh[s_gb_ b kZfZy jZkijhkljZg_ggZy kljZl_]by bfimevkb\ghc ihdmidb \b`m qm\kl\mx < oh^_ j_deZfghc beb ijhiZ]Zg^bklkdhc dZfiZgbb \ i_qZlb lh`_ fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv ydhjgmx l_ogbdm GZijbf_j fh`gh ihf_sZlv nhlh]jZnbx g_`_eZl_evgh]h dZg^b^ZlZ gZ h^ghc kljZgbp_ k nhlh]jZnb_c k\Zedb jZajmob \h_gguo ^_ckl\bc Z nhlh]jZnbx `_eZl_evgh]h jy^hf k nhlh]jZnb_c dZdhcgb[m^v kmi_jwe_]Zglghc nhlhfh^_eb djZkb\h]h i_caZ`Z aZ[blh]h lh\ZjZfb ijbeZ\dZ meu[Zxs_]hkyj_[_gdZFh`ghkh\f_klblvnhlh]jZnbxgZh^ghckljZgbp_k l_dklh\uf fZl_jbZehf \jh^_ [u g_ bf_xsbf hlghr_gby d knhlh]jZnbjh\Zgghfm ebpm Hiylv lZdb dZg^b^ZlZ kh agZdhf fbgmk fu k\y`_f k aZ]heh\dhf lbiZ @bagv \k_ om`_ Z dZg^b^ZlZkhagZdhfiexkk aZ]heh\dhf?klvgZ^_`ûgZmemqr_gb_:gZeh]bqgh fh`ghihklmiblvk nhlh]jZnb_clh\ZjZ<hijhkbaaZeZ<ufh]eb[uk_cqZkjZa\_jgmlh ijhdhff_glbjh\Zlvlhlhlju\hdba^_l_dlb\Zk ]bighlbabjh\Zgb_f\ ebnl_"K=hjbg QlhdZkZ_lkyl_ogbdbgZ\_^_gbyljZgkZlha^_kvdhff_glbjh\Zlvg_q_]hwlml_ogbdmfu ih^jh[gh jZa[bjZeb Ihgylgh qlh l_dkl ijhbaghkbeky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lj_[h\Zgbyfb ih^kljhcdb d ûoZgbx Gh fh`gh ijhdhff_glbjh\Zlv bkihevah\Zgb_ ljZgkZ Lhl djbfbgZevguc ]bighlba_j g_ kdZaZe Lu hldjh_rv k_cn hg ihklmibe oblj__ Hg kdZaZe hojZggbdm Lu k^_eZ_rv lh qlh \_ebl l_[_ ijbr_^rbc q_eh\_d Wlh njZam e_]q_ ijbgylv __ kfuke lu kh\_jrbrv ^he`ghklghc ijhklmihd aZ\mZebjh\Zg Ijbf_qZgb_ êy qblZl_e_c njZ]f_gl ^_l_dlb\ghc ih\_klb >Mwkle_cdZ Ijhdeyluc bamfjm^ ^Zg \ ij_^bkeh\bb Z\lhjZ < dZdbolh kblmZpbyo ^_ckl\bl_evgh ijhs_ g_ ^Z\Zlv ijyfuo mdZaZgbc Z bkihevah\Zlv hlghkbl_evgh g_hij_^_e_ggmx njZam GZijbf_j B dh]^Z y aZ\ljZ d l_[_ ijb^m lu [m^_rv ]hlh\ k^_eZlv êy f_gy hq_gv fgh]h_<hijhkDZdih\Zr_fm]bighaqZklhbkihevam_lkyk djbfbgZevgufbp_eyfb" K =hjbg <jy^ eb lZf _klv [he__ gZ^_`gu_ kihkh[u Fg_ h^bg jZa ijbrehkv jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv k q_eh\_dhf dhlhjuc ]hlh\ [ue ohlv k_cqZk ihdZaZlv qlh fh`gh aZieZlblv ^_kylv jm[e_c b ihemqblv k^Zqm dZd k khlgb ?]h l_ogbdZ k\h^beZkv d ke_^mxs_fm fZdkbfZevgh aZgylv khagZl_evgh_ \gbfZgb_ ijh^Z\sbpu jZa]h\Zjb\Zy k g_c h lhf dZdb_ m g__ djZkb\u_ ]eZaZ \ j_qv \klZ\eylv keh\Z ^_kylv b klh \ ihke_^h\Zl_evguo iZjZo \u[jZlv lh\Zj dhlhjuc klhbl [hevr_ ^_kylb jm[e_c b ihklZjZlvky [ukljh ijb[Z\blv k\hx ^_kyldm d ^_gv]Zf dhlhju_ e_`Zl \ dZkk_ >mfZx qlh wlh fh]eh kjZ[hlZlv : _keb i_j_nhjfmebjh\Zlv \Zr \hijhk KdZ`_f lZd QZklh eb]bighabkihevam_lkyk iehobfbp_eyfb"Lh]^Zhl\_lblvfh`ghQZklhghg_\k_]^Z hkhagZggh Q_eh\_dm gZoh^ys_fmky \ baf_g_gghf khklhygbb khagZgby fh`gh ^Zlv ijh]jZffm mfbjZgby < ijhrehf \_d_ wlh [ueh ih^l\_j`^_gh wdki_jbf_glZfb gZ^ ij_klmigbdZfb ijb]h\hj_ggufb d kf_jlb Fg_ ^h\h^behkv keurZlv lZdb_ ijbf_ju b bagZr_]h\j_f_gbhlex^_caZkem`b\Zxsbo^h\_jbyBgh]^ZwlhgZau\Zxlk]eZahf bebihjq_cgh\ hkgh\_lZdbokemqZ_\bal_odhlhju_fg_ba\_klgue_`bl]bighaY agZdhf kh fgh]bfb wdkljZk_gkZfb \b^_e dZd hgb jZ[hlZxl GZ ijhp_glh\ bo wnn_dlb\ghklvfh`ghh[tykgblv ijbf_g_gb_f l_o f_lh^bd gZ\_^_gby b bkihevah\Zgby ljZgkZdhlhju_\Zfba\_klgu?keb[ugZ\Zkihkfhlj_eihklhjhggbcgZ[ex^Zl_ev\ lh \j_fydh]^Z\u^_eZebmijZ`g_gb_gZkh\f_s_gb_ydhj_chg\iheg_fh][uihkqblZlv gZk dhe^mgZfb ^Z _s_ dZdbfb >Z \ub kZfb \_eb k_[y dZd rZfZgu [_j_l_ ba iZfylb q_eh\_dZ g_ba\_klgh qlh aZf_gy_l_ _]h g_ihgylgh q_f b q_eh\_dm klZgh\blky e_]q_ Ihfgbl_ lhevdh qlh rZfZg jZ[hlZ_l wnn_dlb\gh ^h l_o ihj ihdZ hg kZf g_ ih\_jbe iheghklvx\ lhqlhhg^_eZ_lBaZdZgqb\Zyl_fmhljbpZl_evgh]hijbf_g_gby]bighaZy ohl_e[ukdZaZlvqlhex^bijhklhg_ihgbfZxlkbemk\hbokeh\>hdlhj<Of_e_\kdbc jZkkdZau\Ze gZf lZdhc kemqZc \ ib\ghf eZjvd_ ih^\uib\rbc deb_gl ihjm]Zeky k ijh^Z\sbp_c gZkq_l ijZ\bevghklb k^Zqb Hgb ^he]h kihjbeb ihlhf ijh^Z\sbpZ k qm\kl\hf[jhkbeZ_fmf_ehqvkdZaZ\ijbwlhfQlh[m l_[ywlhib\hk djh\vx\ureh Fm`qbgZ hdZaZeky \_kvfZ \gmrZ_f b m`_ gZaZ\ljZ ih[_`Ze d \jZqm h[_kihdh_gguc djZkgufp\_lhffhqb;ulh\h_oZfkl\hijbghkbl[hevr_\j_^Zq_f]bigha<hijhkba aZeZ ?keb y kZf aZohqm ba[Z\blvky hl dZdh]hlh \hkihfbgZgby beb qm\kl\Z fh]m eb y ijh\_klb kh\f_s_gb_ ydhj_c kZfhklhyl_evgh [_a iZjlg_jZ" K =hjbg Fh`_l_ gh l_ \ZjbZglu ydhjghc l_ogbdb dhlhju_ y \Zf ^Ze ij_^gZagZq_gu \k_ `_ êy jZ[hlu k iZjlg_jhf Gm`gh dhgljhebjh\Zlv ]eZah^\b]Zl_evguc kl_j_hlbi ^\mo khklhygbc Z m k_[y \u wlh]h k^_eZlv g_ kfh`_l_ lZd qlh g_ [m^_l_ m\_j_gu \ lhf qlh k q_f \u kh\f_sZ_l_Y fh][u^Zlv\Zfydhjgu_l_ogbdbihôh^ysb_êyjZ[hluk kZfbfkh[hc ghy ihklmiexih^jm]hfmfuaZcf_fkybamq_gb_fkZfh]bighaZJ_axf_]bighlbq_kdb_ keh\_kgu_rZ[ehgufh^_evFbelhgZWjbdkhgZIh>`=jbg^_jmJ;wgê_jmkhdjZs Hkgh\gu_ rZ[ehgu g_hij_^_e_gghc j_qb : Bkihevah\Zgb_ g_hij_^_e_gguo keh\ Kms_kl\bl_evgu_ ijbeZ]Zl_evgu_ b gZj_qby g_ hlghkysb_ky d hij_^_e_gghc fh^Zevghklb AgZgby ex[h\v h[mq_gb_ ih^khagZgb_ bgl_j_kguc ex[hiulgh ljm^ghklv j_r_gb_ \i_qZle_gb_ kihkh[ghklv i_j_`b\Zgb_ b l ^ G_hij_^_e_ggu_ ]eZ]heu >_eZlv khkj_^hlZqb\Zlvky j_rZlv jZkkeZ[eylvky baf_gylvky m^b\eylvky ihgbfZlv^mfZlvhkhagZ\Zlvmqblvky\kihfbgZlvi_j_`b\ZlvagZlvb l^Ljxbafub g_hij_^_e_ggu_ h[hagZq_gby <k_ fh]ml jZkkeZ[eylvky Wlhfm fh`gh e_]dh gZmqblvky <u fh`_l_ hkhagZlv g_dh_ hsms_gb_ ; Hkh[Zy hj]ZgbaZpby j_qb Ijbqbgghke_^kl\_ggh_ k\yau\Zgb_ g_h[yaZl_evgh]h lbgZ bkihevah\Zgb_ khxaZ b <u keurbl_ fhc ]hehk b fh`_l_ gZqZlv jZkkeZ[eylvky Ijbqbgghke_^kl\_ggh_ k\yau\Zgb_ [he__ h[yaZl_evgh]h lbiZ bkihevah\Zgb_ h[hjhlh\ lh]^Z dZd dh]^Z \ l_q_gb_\ lh\j_fydZdihf_j_lh]hdZd< lh\j_fydZd\ukb^bl_b meu[Z_l_kv \u gZqbgZ_l_ ih]jm`Zlvky \ khklhygb_ ljZgkZ Ijbqbgghke_^kl\_ggh_ k\yau\Zgb_ gZb[he__ h[yaZl_evgh]h lbiZ bkihevah\Zgb_ keh\ aZklZ\ey_l ijbqbgy_l lj_[m_l IhdZqb\Zgb_ ]heh\hc aZklZ\ey_l \Zk _s_ [hevr_ jZkkeZ[blvky < H]jZgbq_gb_ ^bZiZahgZ ij_^klZ\e_gbc kemrZl_ey K\_joh[h[s_ggu_ ihgylby bkihevah\Zgb_ keh\ \k_ dZ`ûc \k_]^Z gbdlh gbdh]^Z b l i B l_i_jv \u fh`_l_ ex[uf kihkh[hfih]jmablvky\ khklhygb_ljZgkZIhgylbyh[hagZqZxsb_hlkmlkl\b_\u[hjZ bkihevah\Zgb_ keh\ lbiZ gm`gh ^he`gh h[yaZgu g_ fh`_l_ g_ [m^_l_ hihegbl_evgu_rZ[ehgugZ\_^_gbyb bk ihevah\Zgby ljZgkZ : Ij_îheh`_gby Ih^qbg_ggu_ ij_êh`_gby mdZau\Zxsb_ gZ \j_fy h[hjhlu j_qb lbiZ ^h lh]h dZd ihke_ lh]h dZd ih f_j_ lh]h dZd \ l_q_gb_ ij_`^_ q_f b ^j G_ ohl_eb [u \u ijbk_klv \ lh \j_fy dZd \u [m^_l_ ih]jm`Zlvky\ khklhygb_ljZgkZ" Bkihevah\Zgb_ ihjy^dh\uoqbkebl_evguoFh`_l [ulv \u m^b\bl_kv lhfm dZdZy iheh\bgZ \Zr_]h l_eZ gZqg_l jZkkeZ[eylvky i_j\hc Beexaby \u[hjZ bkihevah\Zgb_ khxaZ beb <u ohlbl_ ih]jmablvky \ ljZgk k hldjulufb beb k aZdjulufb ]eZaZfb" Ij_îbkZgb_ khagZgby bkihevah\Zgb_ keh\ agZlv ihgbfZlv hkhagZ\Zlv b l i HkhagZ_l_ eb \u qlh \Zr_ ih^khagZgb_ ih]jm`Z_l \Zk \ ljZgk" Ij_îheh`_gb_ \ \hijhk_ Ijbyl_g eb \Zf ijhp_kk jZkkeZ[e_gby"DZd]em[hdh\uih]jmabebkv\ ljZgk=eZ]heuhlghkysb_ky d l_q_gbx ijhp_kkZ gZqbgZlv ijh^he`Zlv aZ\_jrZlv b li <u fh`_l_ ijh^he`Zlv jZkkeZ[eylvky Dhff_glZjbb k ihfhsvx ijbeZ]Zl_evguo b gZj_qbc m^Zqgh d kqZklvx bkdj_ggbc b li Ohjhrh qlh \u lZd mki_rgh ih]jm`Z_l_kv \ ljZgk B m \Zk ihy\eyxlky bkdj_ggb_ [_kkhagZl_evgu_ ^\b`_gby ; J_q_\u_ rZ[ehgu hihkj_^h\Zggh \ha[m`^Zxsb_ j_Zdpbx Kdjulu_ dhfZgû Fh`_l_ gZqZlv jZkkeZ[eylvky Y g_ agZx dZd kdhjh \u ihqm\kl\m_l_ k_[y emqr_ Bgkljmdpbb jZkk_yggu_ \ l_dkl_ l_ogbdZ jZkk_b\Zgby JZa]h\hjgu_ ihklmeZlu \hijhku jZkkqblZggu_ gZ hl\_lu ^Z beb g_l gh h[uqgh \uau\Zxsb_ [he__ jZa\_jgmluc hl\_l <u g_ fh]eb [u aZdjulv ]eZaZ b jZkkeZ[blvky" JZkieu\qZlhklv \ujZ`_gbc <k_ ijZ\bevgh lZd b ^he`gh [ulv \u m`_ gZqZeb jZkkeZ[eylvky < F_lZnhju b pblZlu I_j_^ZqZ kfukeZ \ ih^khagZgb_ q_j_a f_lZnhjm < lh \j_fy dh]^Z \u iml_r_kl\m_l_ \ Z\lh[mk_ \Zrb ]eZaZ mklj_fe_gu \i_j_^ ihaZ aZklu\rZy b rmf ^\b]Zl_eyZ\lh[mkZaZklZ\ey_l\ZkjZkkeZ[blvkyb mkgmlvBkihevah\Zgb_pblZlB lh]^Zhgih^hr_edhfg_ihdZaZe<hc^b\ ljZgk =E:<:K:FH=BIGHAB >JM=B?L?OGBDB>EYJ:;HLUK KH;HC Ex^yfgjZ\blkyf_gylvkyijhklhhsmsZlvk_[yk_]h^gyg_lZddZd\q_jZBgh]^Zêy lh]h qlh[u baf_gblv k\h_ \hkijbylb_ fbjZ ex^b iulZxlky baf_gblv kZf fbj lh]^Z hgb f_gyxl klbev h^_`û jZ[hlm d\Zjlbjm fm`Z beb `_gm Gh jZgh beb iha^gh q_eh\_dihgbfZ_lqlhhkgh\ghcbklhqgbdijh[e_fêyk_[y hg kZf B dh]^Z q_eh\_d iulZ_lky qlhlh baf_gblv \ k_[_ hg ihgbfZ_l qlh \ha^_ckl\h\Zlv gZ k_[y gZfgh]h ljm^g__ q_f gZ ^jm]bo gh b gZfgh]h bgl_j_kg__ Kms_kl\m_l fgh]h \hafh`ghkl_c gZmqblvky mijZ\e_gbx kh[hc Wlh b ch]Z b Zmlh]_ggZy lj_gbjh\dZ b \hklhqgu_ _^bgh[hjkl\Z L_ogbdb wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h kZfh]bighaZ \hafh`gh ijb\e_dml \Zk k\h_c dhfiZdlghklvx b l_ogheh]bqghklvx Djhf_ lh]h dZ`^Zy ba l_ogbd kZfhgZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ fh`_l bkihevah\Zlvky êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ gZ iZjlg_jZ agZqbl \Zr Zjk_gZe l_ogbd jZkrbjy_lky AZgylby kZfh]bighahf lj_[mxl \uiheg_gby g_dhlhjuo ij_^\Zjbl_evguo mkeh\bc b ijhp_^mj @_eZl_evgh gZqbgZlv aZgylby \ h^bghq_kl\_ \ lbohcb kihdhcghch[klZgh\d_^Zxs_c\hafh`ghklvijbgylvm^h[gmxêy\Zkiham>h gZqZeZ k_ZgkZ hij_^_ebl_ kdhevdh \j_f_gb \u ohlbl_ ijh\_klb \ khklhygbb ljZgkZ b dZdhc j_amevlZl \u ohlbl_ ihemqblv hl ih]jm`_gby \ ljZgk h nhjfmebjh\d_ `_eZl_evgh]hj_amevlZlZ\ ^_lZeyo[m^_lih^jh[ghkdZaZghgb`_Hij_^_ebl_lZd`_dZd [u \u ohl_eb k_[y qm\kl\h\Zlv ihke_ \ha\jZs_gby ba ljZgkZ KZfh]bigha \ wjbdkhgbZgkdhf ihgbfZgbb wlh bgl_gkb\gh_ khkj_^hlhq_gb_ \gbfZgby gZ kZfhijhba\hevgh ihy\eyxsboky \gmlj_ggbo h[jZaZo b kbf\heZo >ey lh]h qlh[u ihcfZlv wlb h[jZau b kbf\heu gm`gh gZmqblvky \udexqZlv \gmlj_ggb_ ^bZeh]b \gmlj_ggxx [helh\gx Y i_j_\h`m \bg fZgb_ gZ ijZ\mx jmdm Bgl_j_kgh mki_x ijh\_klbk_Zgk^hgZqZeZnbevfZ"Qlhlh^Z\ghGg_a\hgbeZ>ZZ ihq_fmgbq_]hg_ ijhbkoh^bl" DZd b ijb hnbpbZevghf gZ\_^_gbb ljZgkZ ij_djZs_gb_ ebrgbo \gmlj_ggbo^bZeh]h\^hklb]Z_lky ijb\e_q_gb_f khagZl_evgh]h \gbfZgbyh^gh\j_f_ggh d g_kdhevdbfh[t_dlZfgZijbf_j\ufh`_l_khagZl_evghkhkj_^hlhqblvkygZijZ\hcb e_\hcjmd_b gZdZdhflhh[t_dl_\ ihe_aj_gby< jZ[hl_k kh[hcijb]h^ylky\k_agZgby h jZ[hl_k iZjlg_jhfdhlhju_\um`_bf__l_Ih^khagZgb_g_ex[blijbdZah\ihwlhfm \u [m^_l_ lZd`_ nhjfmebjh\Zlv ij_îheh`_gby kha^Z\Zlv beexabx \u[hjZ b ijbf_gylv ^jm]b_ rZ[ehgu gZ\_^_gby b bkihevah\Zgby ljZgkZ <u [m^_l_ ^Z\Zlv k_[_ bgkljmdpbb kh[ex^Zy lj_[h\Zgby ih^kljhcdb d ûoZgbx dklZlb ijb aZgylbyo kZfh]bighahf fh`gh ]h\hjblv \kemo B g_ h`b^Zcl_ qlh qlhlh ^he`gh ijhbahclb beb qlhlh h[yaZl_evgh ihy\blky wlh lh`_ [m^_l lj_[h\Zgb_f d ih^khagZgbx Z g_ ijhkv[hc EmqrZy mklZgh\dZ êy gZqZeZ aZgylbc Fg_ [m^_l bgl_j_kgh \k_ qlh ijhbahc^_l L_ogbdZ L_ogbdZ ih^gylby jmdb kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ K =hjbgDZdfg_dZ`_lkyex^bjZahqZjh\u\Zxlky\ aZgylbyokZfhj_]meypb_cbaaZlh]h qlh\u[bjZxlkebrdhfkeh`gu_f_lh^bdbb klZ\yli_j_^kh[hckebrdhfkeh`gu_êy gZqZeZ p_eb L_f dlh j_rbe h\eZ^_lv deZkkbq_kdhc Zmlh]_gghc lj_gbjh\dhc ih E_\b Rmevpm gZ^h [u k kZfh]h gZqZeZ mqblu\Zlv qlh êy ohjhr_]h h\eZ^_gby i_j\hc klmi_gvxwlhcf_lh^bdblj_[m_lky^h\hevgh\ukhdbcbgl_ee_dlohjhr__\hh[jZ`_gb_b ^\Z ]h^Z aZgylbc KZfh]bigha m^h[g__ êy ^_eh\uo ex^_c l_f qlh iha\hey_l k_jv_agh kwdhghfblv \j_fy m`_ gZ i_j\hf aZgylbb \u dh_q_]h ^h[v_l_kv I_j\Zy ba l_ogbd kZfh]bighaZ m`_ ba\_klguc \Zf rZ[ehg dhlhjuc \u bamqZeb ih l_f_ hnbpbZevgh_gZ\_^_gb_ljZgkZ<havfbl_mijZ`g_gb_1Rb k^_eZcl__]hgZoh^ykvb \ jheb]bighlba_jZb \jheb]bighlbabjm_fh]hh^gh\j_f_ggh< wlhf\ZjbZgl_rZ[ehg ^Z`_m^h[g__ihkdhevdm\Zfg_gm`gh^mfZlvh lhfqlh\ZriZjlg_j\b^bl keurblb qm\kl\m_l\ub _klviZjlg_jêykZfh]hk_[y>jm]Zyl_ogbdZkZfh]bighaZ l_ogbdZ ih^gylby jmdb y\ey_lky h^ghc ba kZfuo klZjuo kj_^b ijb_fh\ ]bighlbabjh\ZgbyWlZl_ogbdZhlghkblkyd deZkkbq_kdhfm]bighamghFbelhgWjbdkhg hq_gv ex[be ijbf_gylv __ Dhfmlh hgZ dZ`_lky keh`ghc êy bkiheg_gby dhfmlh ijhklhc Y ohqm qlh[u m \Zk [ue \u[hj Fu k^_eZ_f wlm l_ogbdm \ dZq_kl\_ mijZ`g_gby MijZ`g_gb_ 1R <uihegy_lky bg^b\b^mZevgh ih rZ]Zf RZ] <kihfgbl_ ex[hc ijbf_j ih^khagZl_evgh]h ^\b`_gby ^_ckl\by Wlh fh]ml [ulv ^\b`_gby \ lZgp_ dh]^Z \u g_ ^mfZ_l_ h lhf dZd gZ^h ^\b]Zlvky \Zr_ l_eh ^\b`_lky kZfhBebwlhfh`_l[ulvm dmjbevsbdZ^\b`_gb_jmdb\ dZjfZgaZkb]Zj_lhcBeb dh]^Z \u _^_l_ \ Z\lhfh[be_ jy^hf k rhn_jhf b gZ ^hjh]m dlhlh \u[_]Z_l b rhn_j ^Z\bl gh]hc gZ lhjfha b \ZrZ gh]Z lh`_ mibjZ_lky \ ihe <kihfgbl_ qlh [_kkhagZl_evgu_ ^\b`_gby ihju\bklu bgh]^Z ijhba\h^yl \i_qZle_gb_ g_m\_j_gguo jmdZ ijb ^\b`_gbb ih^jZ]b\Z_l RZ] Kdhgp_gljbjmcl_ khagZl_evgh_ \gbfZgb_ gZ \Zrbo jmdZo Ihkfhljbl_ kjZam gZ h[_ jmdb ihqm\kl\mcl_ kjZam h[_ jmdb Imklv \Zrb jmdb ih^jh[gh ihqm\kl\mxl nZdlmjm ih\_joghklb d dhlhjhc hgb ijbdZkZxlky ldZgv ieZlvy beb [jxd beb qlhlh ^jm]h_ L_i_jv ihqm\kl\mcl_ qlh \ jmdZo _klv dZdh_lh gZijy`_gb_ hgh ^_ckl\bl_evgh _klv ^Z`_ _keb jmdb jZkkeZ[e_gu hklZ_lky lh qlh gZau\Z_lky lhgmk furp <ZrZ aZ^ZqZ ihqm\kl\h\Zlv kZfh_ fZeh_ gZijy`_gb_ ih\ukblv \Zrm qm\kl\bl_evghklv RZ] AZ^Zcl_ k_[_ \hijhk Bgl_j_kgh dZdZy jmdZ k_cqZk gZqg_l ih^gbfZlvky b hldm^Z gZqg_lky wlh ^\b`_gb_" Ijh^he`Zcl_ \gbfZl_evgh kfhlj_lv gZ jmdb aZf_qZy ex[h_ ih^jZ]b\Zgb_ dZdh]heb[h iZevpZ Ij_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlhijb\^ho_]jm^gZyde_ldZlyg_laZkh[hc\\_jo\Zrbjmdbb h^gZ bajmdhsmsZ_lwlh^\b`_gb_kbevg__b j_Z]bjm_lgZg_]hemqr_Fh`ghij_^klZ\blv qlh d jmd_ ijb\yaZg \ha^mrguc rZjbd k e_]dbf ]Zahf b hg lyg_l jmdm \\_jo Beb qlh kgbam jmdm ih^lZedb\Z_l dZdhclh kl_j`_gv AZf_qZcl_ ex[h_ ^\b`_gb_ iZevpZ dbklb h^ghc ba jmd gZijZ\e_ggh_ \\_jo b ihhsjycl_ _]h Y \b`m qlh mdZaZl_evguc iZe_p fh_cijZ\hcjmdb^\b`_lky\\_johq_gvf_edbfblheqdZfbb fg_bgl_j_kghihke_^m_l ebaZgbffhcfbabg_pb \kydbklvRZ]Ih^mfZcl_h lhfqlhih^gbfZxsZykyjmdZ ^\b`_lky dh e[m qlh wlh gZb[he__ _kl_kl\_ggh_ __ ^\b`_gb_ gZb[he__ ijbylgh_ K\y`bl_ ijbdhkgh\_gb_ jmdb dh e[m k m]em[e_gb_f gZklmiZxs_]h ljZgkZ Fh`gh ij_^klZ\blvqlhf_`^mjmdhcb ebphfgZlygmlZj_abgdZdhlhjZylyg_ljmdmdhe[mbeb qlh gZ e[m jZkiheh`_g fZ]gbl dhlhjuc ijbly]b\Z_l jmdm KdZ`bl_ k_[_ qlh fhf_gl ijbdhkgh\_gby jmdb dh e[m [m^_l \Zf hq_gv ijbyl_g wlh [m^_l ^hklb`_gb_f kZfh]h ]em[hdh]hljZgkZdhlhjuc\Zfgm`_gk_]h^gyRZ]Bkihevah\Zgb_ljZgkZ< ^Zgghf mijZ`g_gbb\kihfgbl_h^gmkblmZpbxdhlhjZyk\yaZgZ m \Zk k l\hjq_kdbf mki_ohf k m\_j_gghklvx\ k\hbokbeZog_\Z`gh[uehebwlhmki_rguf\uiheg_gb_faZ^ZgbygZ jZ[hl_bebijb]hlh\e_gb_fhq_gv\dmkgh]h[ex^ZRZ]<uoh^baljZgkZIha\hevl_ k\h_cjmd_himklblvky\ ex[hfl_fi_b k\y`bl_wlhk \ha\jZs_gb_fd ykghfmkhagZgbx ;_kkhagZl_evgu_ ^\b`_gby êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ bkihevamxlky \ kZfh]bigha_ \ jZaebqguo fh^bnbdZpbyo <havfbl_ \ k\hc Zjk_gZe _s_ g_kdhevdh l_ogbd L_ogbdZ ijbebiZxs_c jmdb L_ogbdZ k`Zlby dmeZdZ Ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ qlh fu hk\h[h^beb ijZ\mx jmdm hl dhgljhey khagZgby \ua\Zeb k\h_h[jZaguc khg ijZ\hc jmdb < dhj_ ]heh\gh]h fha]Z g_j\gu_ de_ldb dhlhju_ dhgljhebjmxl ijZ\mx jmdm aZgbfZxl ijhp_glh\ ih\_joghklb agZqbl lhjfh`_gb_ wlbo de_lhd \ua\Zggh_ ij_djZs_gb_f khagZl_evgh]hdhgljhey aZijZ\hc jmdhc [m^_l hagZqZlv khg h^ghc q_l\_jlb ]heh\gh]h fha]ZWlhlkhgfh`ghjZkijhkljZgblv[he__q_fgZq_l\_jlvdhjufh`ghk^_eZlv_]h ]bighlbq_kdbf Wlh gZ^h h^bg jZa ihdZaZlv ^Zlv wlh ihqm\kl\h\Zlv hk\h[h`^_gb_ ijZ\hc jmdb hl dhgljhey khagZgby b y ihijhrm He_]Z ihfhqv fg_ \ wlhf He_] iheh`b k\hx ijZ\mx eZ^hgv gZ fhx eZ^hgv L_i_jv ihijh[mc k^_eZlv lZd qlh[u l\hy ijZ\Zy jmdZ ke_^h\ZeZ aZ ^\b`_gbyfb fh_c jmdb g_ hlklZ\Zy b g_ aZ[_]Zy \i_j_^ g_ ihfh]Zyb g_f_rZyY [m^mdZdlhf_gylviheh`_gb_k\h_cjmdb\ ijhkljZgkl\_Z lu jZkihjy^bkvk\h_c ijZ\hcjmdhc lZd qlh[uhgZ dZd[uijbebieZ d fh_c IhgbfZ_l_ khagZl_evgh wlh k^_eZlv g_\hafh`gh khagZgb_ [m^_l aZklZ\eylv jmdm hlklZ\Zlv _keb [m^_l lhevdh ke_^blv aZ fhbfb ^\b`_gbyfb qlh ihlj_[m_l \j_f_gb êy hp_gdb b ijbgylby j_r_gby beb wZ[_]Zlv \i_j_^ _keb gZqg_l eh]bq_kdb ijh]ghabjh\Zlv fhb ^\b`_gbyHe_]mijb^_lkyhk\h[h^blvk\hxijZ\mxjmdmhl dhgljhey khagZgby qlh[u \uihegblv lZdh_ aZ^Zgb_ Y g_ agZx dZdhg wlh k^_eZ_l b hg kZfg_ agZ_l dZdhg wlh k^_eZ_l IhgZ[ex^Z_f K =hjbg ^_eZ_l ieZ\gu_ ^\b`_gby k\h_c jmdhc \ jZaguo gZijZ\e_gbyobgh]^Zih\lhjyyh^ghb lh`_^\b`_gb_bgh]^Zj_adhf_gyygZijZ\e_gb_ ^\b`_gby Q_j_a g_kdhevdh fbgml jmdZ He_]Z ^\b`_lky dZd ijbde__ggZy iheghklvx hlke_`b\Zyex[h_gZijZ\e_gb_^\b`_gbcOhjhrhj_amevlZl^hklb]gmlK_cqZky fh]m hklZgh\blv^\b`_gb_k\h_cjmdb\ ex[hclhqd_ij_djZsZ_l^\b`_gb_ b ihkfhljbl_ êy He_]Z lZdh_ iheh`_gb_ _]h jmdb g_ ^he`gh [ulv hq_gv m^h[guf gh _]h jmdZ khojZgy_l wlh iheh`_gb_ hgZ kh\_jr_ggh g_ih^\b`gZ Wlh dZlZe_ikby h^bg ba ]bighlbq_kdbo n_ghf_gh\ He_] dZd lu k_cqZk hsmsZ_rv k\hx ijZ\mx jmdm" He_] LZdh_hsms_gb_[m^lhgb`_ie_q_\h]hkmklZ\Zgbq_]hg_ljmdZ[m^lhg_fhy<k_qlh \ur_kmklZ\ZhsmsZxohjhrhK=hjbgKZfh_\j_fy\hkihevah\Zlvkywlbfb ihdZaZlv \Zf ^jm]hc ]bighlbq_kdbc n_ghf_g hlkmlkl\b_ [he_\hc qm\kl\bl_evghklb ZgZev]_abx K =hjbg [_j_l b]hedm b \ g_kdhevdbo f_klZo ijZ\hc jmdb He_]Z ijhdZeu\Z_l dh`m b]ehc He_] k bgl_j_khfgZ[ex^Z_l He_] lu \b^brv qlh ^_eZx qlh lu qm\kl\m_rv" He_] Ijbdhkgh\_gb_ qm\kl\mx gh [_eb g_l K =hjbg < wlhf mijZ`g_gbbhq_gvgZ]ey^gh\b^ghhlebqb_wjbdkhgbZgkdh]h]bighaZhldeZkkbq_kdh]h m q_eh\_dZ y\gh ]bighlbq_kdbc ljZgk kj_^g_c ]em[bgu \ lh `_ \j_fy k gbf fh`gh h[sZlvkyK=hjbghklhjh`ghm[bjZ_lk\hxeZ^hgvbaihêZ^hgbHe_]Zijb^_j`b\Zy _]h aZiyklv_ ^jm]hc jmdhc JmdZ He_]Z hklZ_lky ih\bkr_c \ \ha ^mo_ L_i_jv fh`gh ^ZlvlZdmxbgkljmdpbxihf_j_lh]hdZdl\hyjmdZ[m^_lhimkdZlvky\gbalukfh`_rv ohjhrh aZihfgblv lh khklhygb_ \ dhlhjhf lu [ue b dh]^Z l\hy jmdZ kh\k_f himklblvkyb ijbdhkg_lkyd [_^jmlu\_jg_rvkyd kh\_jr_gghykghfmkhagZgbxZ wlh\hkihfbgZgb_hklZg_lkyk lh[hcb [m^_lihfh]Zlvl_[_dh]^Zluwlh]haZohq_rv JmdZ He_]Z f_ê_ggh himkdZ_lky < [m^ms_f He_] kfh`_l êy kZfhgZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ ijhklhkdZaZlvk\h_fmih^khagZgbxqlh[uhghihjZ[hlZehk _]hjmdhckZfhklhyl_evgh ?fmm`_g_gm`gh[m^_lkha^Z\ZlvêyaZgylbckZfh]bighahfdZdb_lhhkh[u_mkeh\by gm`gh [m^_l lhevdh kh[ex^Zlv ij_\Zjbl_evgu_ ijhp_^mju aZdZa \j_f_gb \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h [m^_l m^_j`b\Zlvky ljZgk b aZdZa p_e_c dhlhju_ [m^ml ^hklb]gmlu \ khklhygbb ljZgkZ B \ wlh \j_fy He_] kfh`_l aZgbfZlvky dZdbfblh _s_ ^_eZfb Y ohqm qlh[u \u ihfh]eb ^jm] ^jm]m hk\hblv wlm l_ogbdm \ ke_^mxs_f mijZ`g_gbb MijZ`g_gb_1R<uihegy_lky\ iZjZoIZjlg_j: ih^klZ\ey_lk\hxeZ^hgvêylh]h qlh[u gZ g__ iheh`be eZ^hgv iZjlg_j ; [he__ baysgh mijZ`g_gb_ \uihegy_lky _keb khijbdZkZxlky lhevdh iZevpu iZjlg_jh\ IZjlg_j : ij_êZ]Z_l iZjlg_jm ; qlh[u hg ^Zebgkljmdpbxk\h_cijZ\hcjmd_^\b]Zlvkyke_^hfaZjmdhciZjlg_jZ: lZddZd_keb [u hgZ [ueZ ijbde__gghc d eZ^hgb iZjlg_jZ : IZjlg_j : kh\_jrZ_l k\h_c jmdhc ieZ\gu_^\b`_gby\ jZaguogZijZ\e_gbyokhh[sZyiZjlg_jm; hlhfdh]^Zhgqm\kl\m_l ^hklb`_gb_ iZjlg_jhf ; j_amevlZlZ Ihke_ ^hklb`_gby j_amevlZlZ iZjlg_j : ^Z_l iZjlg_jm; bgkljmdpbxaZihfgblvwlhkhklhygb_b \u\h^bliZjlg_jZ; baljZgkZAZl_f iZjlg_ju f_gyxlky jheyfb Ihgylgh qlh wlZ l_ogbdZ fh`_l [ulv ijbf_g_gZ b êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ gZ iZjlg_jZ ijbq_f g_ lhevdh dZd l_ogbdZ hnbpbZevgh]h gZ\_^_gby <ufh`_l_ij_êh`blvlZdh_mijZ`g_gb_iZjlg_jm\ dZq_kl\_b]jurmldbb li?s_ h^gZ l_ogbdZ kZfh]bighaZ l_ogbdZ k`Zlby dmeZdZ L_i_jv dh]^Z \u h\eZ^_eb ij_û^ms_fwlZl_ogbdZihdZ`_lky\ZfijhklhcIheh`bl_ijZ\mxjmdm]hjbahglZevgh ^Zcl_ ih^khagZl_evgmx bgkljmdpbx imklv ijZ\Zy dbklv kh`f_lky \ dmeZd B gZ[ex^Zcl_ aZ l_f qlh ijhbkoh^bl Dhg_qgh \u fh`_l_ k`Zlv dbklv \ dmeZd khagZl_evghgh\ ^ZgghfkemqZ_imklvdbklvkh`f_lkykZfZkh[hcimklv\Zr_l_ehwlh ^_eZ_l<hl\ wlhfmijZ`g_gbbfh`ghohjhrhihgylvjZagbpmf_`^mkhagZl_evgufbb [_kkhagZl_evgufb^\b`_gbyfb<ug_agZ_l_dZdhcbaiZevp_\k_cqZk[m^_lk]b[Zlvkyb hq_gvbgl_j_kghgZ[ex^ZlvaZl_fdZdk]b[ZxlkyiZevpu\u^_eZ_l_ijh]ghaqlhk_cqZk kh]g_lky mdZaZl_evguc Z \ ^\b`_gb_ ijboh^bl fbabg_p B wlb ^\b`_gby lheqdhh[jZagu_ B fgh]b_ ba \Zk fh]eb hlf_lblv kh\_jr_ggh hkh[h_ hsms_gb_ kdjbiZ\ kmklZ\ZoiZevp_\ijbi_j\hf\uiheg_gbbmijZ`g_gbywlhfgh]bom^b\ey_l B wlh hsms_gb_ lh`_ k\b^_l_evkl\m_l h [_kkhagZl_evghf oZjZdl_j_ ^\b`_gbc < ikbohl_jZibb_klvf_lh^bdZ[ukljh]h ij_djZs_gby [he_c \ k_j^p_ gZau\Z_fZyf_lh^ jZa`ZlbydmeZdZiZpb_glm^Z_lkyijhklZybgkljmdpbykhkj_^hlhqblvkygZ[hebk`Zlv e_\uc dmeZd b hl^Zlv _fm dhfZg^m jZa`Zlvky kZfhklhyl_evgh H[uqgh gZ wlh moh^bl dZd b m \Zk iylv fbgml aZ wlh \j_fy [hev iheghklvx ij_djZsZ_lky Wlh lh`_ ]bighlbq_kdZy l_ogbdZ b hibkZgby hsms_gbc m iZpb_glh\ lZdb_ `_ kdjbi \ kmklZ\Zo iZevp_\ g_ij_^kdZam_fhklv ke_^mxs_]h ^\b`_gby iZevp_\ b l ^ L_ogbdZ k\_^_gby jmd Bgh]^Z wlm l_ogbdm gZau\Zxl k\_jogZ^_`ghc l_ogbdhc gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ HgZ ^_ckl\bl_evgh hq_gv ohjhrh jZ[hlZ_l hgZ hq_gv ijhklZ e_]dh aZihfbgZ_lky?_fh`ghijbf_gylvêyjZ[hluk iZjlg_jhfbebêykZfh]bighaZM g__ _klv khdjZs_gguc b jZa\_jgmluc \ZjbZglu fu k_cqZk aZcf_fky khdjZs_gguf Ky^vl_ m^h[ghA^_kv\Z`ghijZ\bevgh_iheh`_gb_jmdie_qbijb`Zlud lmeh\bsmg_k kbehc ijb`Zlu Z ijhklh ijbe_]Zxl d g_fm jmdb kh]gmlu k ehdl_\uo kmklZ\Zo ij_îe_qvy \ulygmlu\i_j_^gZ\_kmeZ^hgbjZkdjuluiZjZee_evgh^jm]^jm]mKhkj_^hlhqvl_kvgZ hsms_gbyo\ eZ^hgyob ij_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlh\ wlhfijhkljZgkl\_f_`^meZ^hgyfbqlh lh _klv fh`_l [ulv dZdh_lh fZ]gblgh_ ihe_ beb [bhihe_ _keb \Zf gjZ\blky wdkljZk_gkhjgZy l_jfbgheh]by Beb ij_^klZ\vl_ qlh ijhkljZgkl\h f_`^m eZ^hgyfb fh`_l f_gylv k\hckl\Z hgh fh`_l klZlv [he__ iehlguf beb [he__ juoeuf B wlh ihe_ beb wlh ijhkljZgkl\h fh`_l jZa^\b]Zlv \Zrb jmdb beb ijbly]b\Zlv bo B lh]^Z hgh klZgh\blky _s_ [he__iehlguf _s_ [he__ gZijy`_gguf Ij_^klZ\vl_ qlh f_`^m \Zrbfb eZ^hgyfb gZoh^blky rZjbd gZqbg_gguc wg_j]b_c B \u fh`_l_ ijb^Zlv _fm [he__dhfiZdlgucjZaf_jDh]^Z\Zrbjmdbk[eb`Zxlkyhq_gvf_ê_gghbebg_fgh]h [uklj__ [_kkhagZl_evgufb ^\b`_gbyfb B lh]^Z wg_j]bb f_`^m \Zrbfb eZ^hgyfb klZgh\blky \k_ [hevr_ b [hevr_ <u fh`_l_ ^Z`_ m\b^_lv __ k\_q_gb_ B \u wlh ihgbfZ_l_ dh]^Z \Zrb jmdb _s_ [hevr_ k[eb`Zxlky B lh]^Z wlhl rZjbd fh`_l k`Zlvky ^h jZaf_jh\ lZ[e_ldb dhlhjmx fh`gh k^_eZlv _s_ f_gvr_ b ijh]ehlblv _kebohlbl_kf_o\ aZe_<hijhkbaaZeZBf__lebagZq_gb_qlhjmdbfh]mlk[eb`Zlvky beb jZkoh^blvky" K =hjbg G_l < ^Zgghf kemqZ_ y ih^q_jdb\Zx keh\h ijbly]b\Zlv dh]^Z]h\hjbeh dZdhflhihe_f_`^m\ZrbfbeZ^hgyfbb \ugZwlhhlj_Z]bjh\Zebgh _keb [u y wlh]h g_ ^_eZe b m dh]hlh jmdb klZeb [u jZkoh^blvky fh`gh [ueh b wlh h[u]jZlv A^_kv \Z`guf [ueh lh qlh gbdZdh]h ihey f_`^m \Zrbfb jmdZfb g_l wlh \gmr_ggZy ]ZeexpbgZpby ihevamykv dhlhjhc y gZ\_e ljZgk B lhqgh lZd`_ \u fh`_l_ aZgbfZlvky kZfhgZ\_^_gb_f ljZgkZ Fg_ bgl_j_kgh l_ dlh ijh]ehlbe ihemqb\rmxky lZ[e_ldmihqm\kl\h\Zebk_[y[h^j__"Hl\_lubaaZeZ>ZK=hjbgWlhagZqbllhevdh lh qlh kha^Zgguc \Zrbf \hh[jZ`_gb_f h[jZa kjZ[hlZe <hafh`gh \ kn_j_ q_eh\_q_kdh]hh[s_gbyg_kms_kl\m_lgb h^ghc^h]fub gbh^ghcbklbguijhklh_klv l_ogbdb dhlhju_ jZ[hlZxl b _klv ihiuldb h[tykgblv dZd hgb jZ[hlZxl >ey lZdh]h h[tykg_gby fh`gh ijb\e_qv ]bihl_am h \ha[m`^_gbb b lhjfh`_gbb g_j\ghc kbkl_fu ]bihl_am h gZebqbb [bhihey ]bihl_am h gZebqbb h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo [h]h\ b wlh [m^_l _^\Z eb g_ kZfZy m^h[gZy ba ]bihl_a : fh`gh bgl_j_kh\Zlvky lhevdh l_f jZ[hlZ_l eb ijbf_gy_fZy fghx l_ogbdZ b ^Z_l eb hgZ gm`guc j_amevlZl <hl h j_amevlZl_ fu b ih]h\hjbf ih^jh[g__ Ohjhsh knhjfmebjh\Zgguc j_amevlZl Ij_îheh`bf qlh \u m`_ j_rbeb aZgylvky kZfh]bighahf <u m`_ agZ_l_ qlh \Zf ohq_lkyijh[ulv\ ljZgk_^_kylvfbgmlb l_i_jv\u^mfZ_l_h lhfdZdh]hj_amevlZlZ\u ohlbl_aZwlb^_kylvfbgml^h[blvkydZdh\Zp_ev\Zr_]hij_[u\Zgby\ ljZgk_< kZfhf h[s_f \b^_ wlZ p_ev nhjfmebjm_lky lZd Y ohqm baf_gylvky y ohqm klZlv dZdbflh ^jm]bf gh dZdbfdhgdj_lgh" <blZebc Y ohqm qlh[u fhy iZfylv [ueZ h]jhfghc K =hjbgWlhg_p_evQlhbf_gghluohq_rvohjhrhaZihfgblv"<blZebc<k_K=hjbg ?keb lu [m^_rv aZihfbgZlv \k_beb khc^_rv k mfZ AZq_f l_[_ aZihfbgZlv qlh i_j_^ lh[hc gZoh^blky ^_\ylv klmev_\ b h^bg ^b\Zg" Beb qlh mjh`Zcghklv a_jgh\uo \ khk_^g_fjZchg_khklZ\beZwlhchk_gvxp_glg_jh\k ]_dlZjZ"IhklZ\blvi_j_^kh[hc ]eh[Zevgmx aZ^Zqm wlh \k_ jZ\gh qlh g_ klZ\blv gbdZdhc aZ^Zqb Qlh lu dhgdj_lgh ohq_rv aZihfgblv k_]h^gy ihkdhevdm l_[_ wlh \kdhj_ ihgZ^h[blky" <blZebc Gm fg_ kdhjh ij_^klhbl k^Z\Zlv wdaZf_gu \ l_ogbdmf_ b y ih^mfZe qlh êy wlh]h gm`gZ ohjhrZyiZfylvK=hjbg>Z\ZckjZamk^_eZ_fl\hxp_evdhgdj_lghcY ohqme_]dh aZihfgblvkh^_j`Zgb_h^gh]hmq_[gbdZ lZd qlh[uy _]h e_]dh \hkijhba\_e \h \j_fy wdaZf_gZDZdb_p_eb[uebm ^jm]bomqZklgbdh\k_fbgZjZ"He_]Y ohqmg_dmjblvK =hjbgWlhlh`_g_p_ev<f_klhlh]hqlh[u]h\hjblvh lhfq_]h\ug_ohlbl_^_eZlv kdZ`bl_ h lhf qlh \u ohlbl_ ^_eZlv <u `_ agZ_l_ qlh \gmr_gby k hljbpZgb_f g_ \uihegyxlky He_] Y ohqm kihdhcgh kfhlj_lv gZ kb]Zj_lu jZ\gh^mrgh hlghkblvky d dmj_gbx ^jm]bo K =hjbg L_i_jv gZfgh]h emqr_ < nhjfmebjh\d_ j_amevlZlZ _klv hij_^_e_ggu_ ijZ\beZ ^\Z ba dhlhjuo fu m`_ ijbf_gbeb IjZ\beh i_j\h_ \ZrZ p_ev ^he`gZ[ulvhq_gvdhgdj_lghc_kebp_evdhgdj_lgZlhdhgdj_l_gb j_amevlZl?keb\u klZ\bl_i_j_^kh[hc[hevrmxp_evb kqblZ_l_qlhbf_gghhgZ\Zfgm`gZjZa[_cl___ êy gZqZeZ gZ p_ihqdm fZe_gvdbo p_e_c ^hklb`_gb_ dZ`^hc ba dhlhjuo ih hq_j_^b ijb\_^_l \Zk d wlhc [hevrhcp_eb IjZ\beh \lhjh_ p_ev ^he`gZ [ulv dhgkljmdlb\ghc nhjfmebjmcl_ __ \ l_jfbgZo y ohqm ^_eZlv ; Z g_ y g_ ohqm ^_eZlv < IjZ\beh lj_lv_ nhjfmebjmy p_ev h[yaZl_evgh hij_^_ebl_ dZd \u magZ_l_ h lhf qlh \u __ ^hklb]ebIjhklhaZ^Zcl_k_[_\hijhkuDZdy magZxh lhfqlhj_amevlZlihemq_g"Qlh [m^_l\g_rgbfih^l\_j`^_gb_fj_amevlZlZ"DZd\uk_[y[m^_l_\_klbdh]^Zihemqbl_ j_amevlZl" Qlh \u ijb wlhf m\b^bl_" Mkeurbl_" Ihqm\kl\m_l_" IjZ\beh q_l\_jlh_ hij_^_ebl_dhgl_dkl\ dhlhjhf\uohlbl_bf_lvj_amevlZlBkhhl\_lkl\_gghdhgl_dkl \ dhlhjhf \u g_ ohlbl_ _]h bf_lv H[uqgh wlh ijZ\beh beexkljbjmxl fbnhf h pZj_ Fb^Zk_ dhlhjuc ih`_eZe h[jZsZlv \ ahehlh \k_ d q_fm ijbdhkg_lky Hg ijhklh g_ knhjfmebjh\Ze gm`guc dhgl_dkl êy j_amevlZlZ dhlhjuc ohl_e bf_lv Qlh[u g_ hdZaZlvky gZ f_kl_ Fb^ZkZ aZ^Zcl_ k_[_ \hijhku =^_ dh]^Z ih hlghr_gbx d dhfm y ohl_e [u ihemqblv j_amevlZl" =^_ dh]^Z b ih hlghr_gbx d dhfm g_ ohl_e [u" IjZ\behiylh_h[jZsZykvaZihfhsvxd ih^khagZgbxhij_^_ebl_l_fg_f_g__qlh\u fh`_l_ khagZl_evgh k^_eZlv êy ^hklb`_gby p_eb Kijhkbl_ k_[y GZ qlh y fh]m hibjZlvky êy ihemq_gby j_amevlZlZ" Qlh y fh]m ijbh[j_klb ^hihegbl_evgh qlh[u hibjZlvky gZ wlh êy ihemq_gby j_amevlZlZ" Qlh y fh]m k^_eZlv m`_ k_]h^gy êy ihemq_gby j_amevlZlZ" Qlh y m`_ ^_eZx êy wlh]h b fh]m lhevdh ijh^he`Zlv wlh ^_eZlv" IjZ\beh r_klh_ hij_^_ebl_ g_ ihf_rZ_l eb ^hklb`_gb_ h^ghc p_eb ^hklb`_gbx ^jm]bo Kijhkbl_ k_[y Qlh kemqblky _keb y ihemqm j_amevlZl" DZd ^hklb`_gb_ j_amevlZlZ ih\eby_l gZ ^jm]b_ Zki_dlu fh_c `bagb" DZd baf_gylky fhb hlghr_gby kh agZqbfufb êy f_gy ex^vfb" ?klv eb \h fg_ kbeu dhlhju_ [m^ml klj_fblvky jZajmrblv wlhl j_amevlZl" Wlb ijhklu_ ijZ\beZ fh]ml ihdZaZlvky kdmqgufb beb baebrgbfb gh bo bkiheg_gb_ ]ZjZglbjm_l gZf ijZ\bevguc hl\_l gZ hdhgqZl_evguc \hijhk Ohqm eb y lh]h q_]h ohqm" Kbxfbgmlgh_ gZf_j_gb_ fh`_l hdZaZlvky hq_gv ^Ze_dbf hl lh]h qlh kZf ^_ckl\bl_evgh gm`gh M =_gjb Nhj^Z _klv bgl_j_kgh_ \ukdZau\Zgb_Q_eh\_d bf__l ^\Z fhlb\Z ih \_^_gby h^bggZklhysbc b \lhjhcdhlhjucdjZkb\ha\mqbl?kebijbjZ[hl_k iZjlg_jhf\ufh`_l_hibjZlvkygZ djZkb\ha\mqZsbcfhlb\lhijbjZ[hl_k kh[hcemqr_[uagZlvgZklhysbc?s_h^gh khh[jZ`_gb_ dZkZxs__ky mlhqg_gby \Zrbo p_e_c Ih^mfZcl_ h lhf dZd \u h[uqgh j_rZ_l_ aZ^Zqm Y g_ hrb[mkv gZ\_jgh_ _keb ij_îheh`m qlh \u \uykgy_l_ mkeh\by aZ^Zqb iulZ_l_kv kha^Zlv p_ihqdm ^_ckl\bc dhlhju_ dZd \Zf dZ`_lky ijb\_^ml d hl\_lm J_iebdZ ba aZeZ >ey lh]h qlh[u j_rblv aZ^Zqm gZ^h gZqZlv __ j_rZlv K =hjbg : \hl b g_l Ij_`^_ \k_]h gZ^h ih^mfZlv Z _klv eb aZ^ZqZ" Lukyqb ex^_c g_ aZ^Z\rbo k_[_ wlhl \hijhk ljZlyl lukyqb qZkh\ b mcfm wg_j]bb gZ mihjgh_ j_r_gb_ aZ^Zq lbiZ MklZgh\blv y\ey_lky y[ehdh [hevrbf beb djZkguf ?keb ihke_ êbl_evguo ihbkdh\ q_eh\_d ijboh^bl d \u\h^m qlh y[ehdh b [hevrh_ b djZkgh_ wlh g_ y\ey_lky ijZ\bevguf hl\_lhf ihlhfm qlh ijZ\bevguc hl\_l \ ^Zgghf kemqZ_ A^_kv g_l aZ^Zqb < g_cjhebg]\bklbq_kdhf ijh]jZffbjh\Zgbb kms_kl\m_l lZd gZau\Z_fZy F_lZFh^_ev kbkl_fZ \hijhkh\ iha\heyxsZy hl^_eblv nhjfm \ukdZau\Zgbyhlkh^_j`Zgbyb l_fkZfufiha\heyxsZymagZlvbklbggu_ijh[e_fubeb p_eb q_eh\_dZ Ohjhr__ hibkZgb_ F_lZFh^_eb fh`gh ijhqblZlv \ dgb]_ E DZf_jhg ;wgê_jK l_oihjhgb`bebkqZkleb\hFg_dZ`_lkyqlhemqr_\k_]hfh`ghih^\_klb blh]^Zgghcl_f_k ihfhsvxf_lZnhjuBlZd\ h^gmbakljZglj_lv_]hfbjZijb_a`Z_l wg_j]bqguc Zf_jbdZg_p b \b^bl lma_fpZ dhlhjuc \Zey_lky ih^ iZevfhc :f_jbdZg_p ihôh^bld lma_fpmb ]h\hjblQ_]hlue_`brvijhklhlZd"AZe_avgZiZevfmkljyogb g_kdhevdh hj_oh\ hlg_kb bo gZ [ZaZj b ijh^Zc Lhl kijZrb\Z_l : aZq_f fg_ wlh gm`gh" Gm lu ijh^Zrv hj_ob m l_[y ihy\ylky ^_gv]b lu kfh`_rv gZgylv lj_o jZ[hlgbdh\dhlhju_\f_kl_k lh[hc[m^mleZablvgZiZevfu<f_kl_\ukhj\_l_[hevr_ hj_oh\luboijh^Zrvb ihemqbrv[hevr_^_g_]Lma_f_phiylvkijZrb\Z_l: aZq_f fg_wlhgm`gh"L_ji_eb\ucZf_jbdZg_ph[tykgy_lLu kfh`_rv gZgylv jZ[hlgbdh\ hgbaZl_[y[m^mleZablvgZiZevfukju\Zlvhj_obijh^Z\ZlvbogZ[ZaZj_Z lu[m^_rv lhevdh ihemqZlv ^_gv]b b \Zeylvky ih^ wlhc iZevfhc Lma_f_p hl\_qZ_l : y b lZd \Zeyxkv <kihfgbl_ wlm bklhjbx dh]^Z j_rbl_ k_jv_agh baf_gblvky H[km`^_gb_ <hijhk GZkdhevdh wnn_dlb\_g kZfh]bigha ijb [he_ag_gguo hi_jZpbyo" K =hjbg Ijbf_g_gb_ kZfh]bighaZ b ]bighaZ ijb hi_jZpbyo bf__l ^Z\gxx bklhjbx m`_ \ ijhrehf\_d_[uebex^b]hlh\u_ihklZ\blv]bighlbq_kdh_h[_a[heb\Zgb_gZihlhd GZijbf_j\ ]h^mWeebhlijh\_e[he__objmj]bq_kdbohi_jZpbcijbf_gyyêy h[_a[heb\Zgby ]bigha AgZ_l_ êy h[u^_gguo ihoh^h\ d klhfZlheh]m kZfh]bigha ih`Zemc b g_ gm`_g Fu fh`_f \hkihevah\Zlvky l_f qlh k hij_^_e_gghc ijh[e_fhc k\yaZgh hij_^_e_ggh_ gZijZ\e_gb_ \a]ey^Z HkljZy [hev dhlhjZy [u\Z_l ijb klhfZlheh]bq_kdbofZgbimeypbyokhhl\_lkl\m_ldbg_kl_lbq_kdhcfh^Zevghklblh_klv gZijZ\e_gbx \a]ey^Z \ijZ\h \gba I_j_\_^bl_ \a]ey^ \\_jo b [hev gZiheh\bgm hkeZ[g_l wlh m`_ ijh\_j_gh G_\Z`gh ^Z`_ [m^_l_ eb \u dhgkljmbjh\Zlv êy k_[y dZdb_lh ijbylgu_ dZjlbgdb qlh[u hl\e_qvky beb ijhklh aZdZlbl_ ]eZaZ \\_jo ?klv ijhklZy l_ogbdZ jZ[hlu k ]heh\ghc [hevx hkgh\ZggZy gZ k\yab gZijZ\e_gby \a]ey^Z k hij_^_e_gghc ijh[e_fhc Fh`_l_ ijbf_gylv __ êy wdkij_kkihfhsb agZdhfuf beb êy kha^Zgby j_imlZpbb dhe^mgZ Ihijhkbl_ q_eh\_dZ ih^mfZlv h ]heh\ghc [heb Z ihlhf ij_êh`bl_ _fm kfhlj_lv gZ \Zr iZe_p dhlhjuc \u [m^_l_ ^\b]Zlv \ jZaguo gZijZ\e_gbyob m\_^bl_\a]eyîZjlg_jZhllh]hgZijZ\e_gby\ dhlhjhfhgqm\kl\h\Ze [hev ;hev bkq_aZ_l f]gh\_ggh ijZ\^Z g_gZ^he]h < k_dkheh]bq_kdhc ijZdlbd_ y j_dhf_g^mx`_gsbgZfm dhlhjuo _klv ljm^ghklb k ^hklb`_gb_fhj]ZafZ kfhlj_lv \h \j_fyiheh\h]hZdlZ\ijZ\h\gbaHj]Zafwlhdbg_kl_lbq_kdZyfh^ZevghklvlZdqlhmoh^ \a]ey^Z \ dbg_kl_lbdm fgh]bf `_gsbgZf ihfh]Z_l <hijhk F_gy qZklh [_kihdhbl [_kkhggbpZ fh`_l eb kZfh]bigha a^_kv ihfhqv" K =hjbg JZamf__lky <u fh`_l_ ih]jm`Zlv k_[y \ khg ihevamykv l_ogbdZfb kZfhgZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ Gh êy h[e_]q_gby aZkuiZgbylh`__klv[he__ijhklZyl_ogbdZIh^mfZcl_h lhfdZd\umagZ_l_h lhfqlh \um`_kibl_"DZd\u\hh[s_hlebqZ_l_khklhygb_kgZhlkhklhygby[h^jkl\h\Zgby"Ih dZdbf ijbagZdZf" Hl\_lb\ gZ wlb \hijhku \u magZ_l_ kh[kl\_ggmx kljZl_]bx aZkuiZgby b \Zf hklZg_lky lhevdh bkihevah\Zlv __ Ijb\_^m kh[kl\_gguc ijbf_j y magZx h lhf qlh m`_ kiex ih \hagbdgh\_gbx kgh\b^_gbc AgZqbl klZjZykv kdhgkljmbjh\Zlv yjdb_ ajbl_evgu_ h[jZau y fh]m mkdhjblv aZkuiZgb_ lZd hgh b ijhbkoh^bl KZfh]bigha dklZlb ohjhrh ijbf_gylv êy aZdZaZ hij_^_e_gguo kgh\b^_gbc k hij_^_e_gguf kx`_lhf ^_ckl\mxsbfb ebpZfb b m fgh]bo wlh ihemqZ_lky ^h\hevgh e_]dh <hijhk Fg_ bgh]^Z ijboh^blky \uib\Zlv k ^_eh\ufb iZjlg_jZfb gh y ohl_e [u khojZgylv ijb wlhf lj_a\uc mf Fh`_l fg_ ihfhqv \ wlhf dZdZylh l_ogbdZ kZfh]bighaZ" K =hjbg Wlhl \hijhk h[hagZqZ_l g_kdhevdh ijh[e_f <hi_j\uo qlh agZqbl fg_ ijboh^blky" Keh\Z lbiZ ijboh^blky ^he`_g \ugm`^_gwlhex[bfu_keh\Zkh\_lkdh]hkhagZgbydhlhju_g_\k_]^Zbf_xlkfuke B êy lh]h qlh[u \uykgblv _klv eb kfuke \ \Zr_f ^he`_g beb ijboh^blky ihijh[mcl_aZ^Zlvk_[_\hijhkuQlhf_gy\ugm`^Z_l"Qlhijhbahc^_l_keby wlh]hg_ k^_eZx" < dZ`^hf ^he`_g ih^jZamf_\Z_lky bgZq_ ^he`_g k^_eZlv wlh bgZq_ [m^_l lh ih^mfZcl_ _klv eb bgZq_ \ \Zrbo ^he`_g <h\lhjuo k ihfhsvx kZfh]bighaZ\ufh`_l_hj]Zgbah\Zlv\Zr_ih\_^_gb_lZdqlh[ufh`gh[ueh^hklb]Zlv p_eb [_a hivyg_gby lh _klv \u fh`_l_ aZ^_ckl\h\Zlv kZfh]bigha êy ih\ur_gby wnn_dlb\ghklb k\h_]h lj_a\h]h h[s_gby B \lj_lvbo [ue \hijhk h lhf dZd g_ ih^^Z\Zlvky hivyg_gbx Fu fh`_f bkihevah\Zlv \Zrm kljZl_]bx hivyg_gby DZd \u magZ_l_ h lhf qlh \u \ hivyg_gbb" Hl\_l M f_gy djm`blky ]heh\Z b klZgh\blky ]hjyqh \ `_em^d_ K =hjbg < dZdmx klhjhgm djm`blky ]heh\Z" Hl\_l Ih qZkh\hc klj_ed_K=hjbgAgZqblêy[hjv[uk qm\kl\hfhivyg_gby\ZfgZ^hhsmlblv\jZs_gb_ ]heh\u ijhlb\ qZkh\hc klj_edb f_`^m ijhqbf wlh e_]q_ k^_eZlv q_f dZ`_lky gZ i_j\uc \a]ey^ h^gh\j_f_ggh \kihfgb\ dZd fhjh`_gh_ oheh^bl `_em^hd Bkihevah\Zgb_kh[kl\_gghckljZl_]bbiha\hebl\ZfaZiylgZ^pZlvfbgml\uclb^Z`_ba ]em[hdh]hhivyg_gbyJ_iebdZF_gym^b\ey_lqlh\uij_ih^Z_l_kZfh]bighab lml`_ ]h\hjbl_h lhfqlh\ [hevrhfqbke_kemqZ_\hgg_gm`_gLZd]^_`_hg\k_lZdbgm`_g" K =hjbg ?klv ^hklZlhqgh h[s__ ijZ\beh _keb fh`gh q_]hlh ^hklb]gmlv ijhkluf iml_f g_ bsbl_ keh`guo >ey^hklb`_gby fgh]bo p_e_c h dhlhjuo \u ]h\hjbl_ _klv [he__ ijhklu_ f_lh^bdb q_f kZfh]bigha GZijbf_j lZdZy p_ev dZd ih\ur_gb_ l\hjq_kdhc Zdlb\ghklb H^bg ba fhbo agZdhfuo ^hklb]Ze __ hq_gv hjb]bgZevguf kihkh[hfDh]^Z_fmgm`gh[uehj_rblvkeh`gmxfZl_fZlbq_kdmxaZ^Zqmhgwlh^_eZe \ ihkl_ebk `_gsbghc^h`b^Zekyhsms_gbyh]jhfgh]hih^t_fZijbeb\Zwg_j]bbb gZijZ\eye wlm wg_j]bx gZ j_r_gb_ aZ^Zqb Ihgylgh qlh lZdZy f_lh^bdZ hlghkblky d ikboheh]bq_kdhfmkZ^bafmgh\ ijbgpbi_q_eh\_d\k_k^_eZe\_jgh\ayehsms_gb_\ h^ghfdhgl_dkl_b i_j_g_k\ ^jm]hc<hlwlhlgZ\udgZ\udi_j_ghkZqm\kl\badhgl_dklZ \ dhgl_dkl y\ey_lky ohjhr_c Zevl_jgZlb\hc kZfh]bigham jZamf__lky ijb\_^_gguc fghx dhgdj_lguc ijbf_j y \Zf g_ j_dhf_g^mx >jm]Zy Zevl_jgZlb\Z kZfh]bigham jZ[hlZ k kh[kl\_gghc kljZl_]b_c hij_^_e_ggh]h ^_ckl\by beb kha^Zgby hij_^_e_gghc ijh[e_fu MagZcl_ k\hx kljZl_]bx b eb[h ^_eZcl_ lZd \k_]^Z qlh[u ih\ukblv wnn_dlb\ghklv ^_ckl\by eb[h ^_eZcl_ gZh[hjhl qlh[u ba[Z\blvky hl ijh[e_fu Qlh dZkZ_lky dhgdj_lguo p_e_c êy kZfh]bighaZ lh bo ^hklZlhqgh fgh]h <u fh`_l_ k_jv_agh ihfhqv k_[_ hklZ\Zlvky a^hjh\ufb k ihfhsvx kZfh]bighaZ fh`_l_ ihfhqv k_[_ \ua^hjh\_lv hl fgh]bo aZ[he_\Zgbc gZqbgZy k ijhklm^guo b aZdZgqb\Zy hgdheh]bq_kdbfb hibkZgu b lZdb_ kemqZb Fh`_l_ ih\ukblv wnn_dlb\ghklv k\hbo ^_ckl\bc beb k\h_]h ih\_^_gby \ ^_eh\hf h[s_gbb êy wlh]h ^Z`_ kms_kl\m_l hljZ[hlZggZyko_fZRZ]Ihijhkbl_ih^khagZgb_\kihfgblv\k_l_kemqZbbebh^bg _^bgkl\_gguc kemqZc dh]^Z \u ^_ckl\h\Zeb beb \_eb k_[y hq_gv wnn_dlb\gh RZ] Ihijhkbl_ih^khagZgb_ \u^_eblv ]eZ\gh_ \ \Zr_f ih\_^_gbb beb \Zrbo ^_ckl\byo hl q_]haZ\bk_emki_oRZ]Ihijhkbl_ih^khagZgb_\hkijhba\h^blvwlb]eZ\gu_fhf_glu \Zrbo ^_ckl\bc beb ih\_^_gby dZ`ûc jZa dh]^Z êy wlh]h bf__lky ihôh^ysbc dhgl_dkl b imklv ih^khagZgb_ ^_eZ_l wlh Z\lhfZlbq_kdb >mfZx gZ i_j\h_ \j_fy \Zf wlh]h o\Zlbl <hijhk Y qblZe dgb`dm h dhe^mgZo b lZf ]h\hjbehkv qlh dhe^mghf fh`_l klZlv lhevdh lhl dlh kfh`_l kfhlj_lv \ ]eZaZ q_eh\_dm iylv fbgml g_ fhj]Zy ?klv eb \ wlhf kfuke" K =hjbg G_ agZx dZdhc lml kfuke k dhe^h\kdbo ihabpbc <hafh`gh wlh ijhklh `_eZgb_ h]jZ^blv k\hb gZ\udb hl g_ihk\ys_gguo <_^v kfhlj_lv g_ fhj]Zy wlh bgkljmdpby k hljbpZgb_f b \uihegblv __ keh`gh lZdZy bgkljmdpbyfh`_lkem`blvaZf_ghckeh\mhl\y`bkvY fh]mkdZaZlvdhfmlhba\Zkqlh hg kfh`_l klZlv \_ebdbf q_eh\_dhf _keb kfh`_l \ l_q_gb_ iylb fbgml g_ ^mfZlv ijh [_eh]hf_^\_^y<uihcfbl__klv[_eucf_^\_^vhg[hevrhcb ehofZlucgh^mfZlvh g_fg_evayJ_iebdZY hlg_]hl_i_jv^haZ\ljZg_hl\y`mkvK=hjbgMkihdhcl_kv \u kfh`_l_ klZlv \_ebdbfb ex^vfb ijh^he`Zy ^mfZlv ijh [_eh]h f_^\_^y Y g_ fh]m hklZ\blv \Zk [_a \u[hjZ Ihfh_fm kbkl_fZ dhe^h\kl\Z ^he`gZ ihoh^blv gZ gZr k_fbgZj \ i_j_\h^_ gZ ^j_\g_keZ\ygkdbc <hijhk Ih\Zr_fm ihjqb b k]eZaZ g_l" K =hjbg Ihfh_fm wlhl \hijhk y\ey_lky lbibqghc g_kms_kl\mxs_c aZ^Zq_c < jZfdZo ^bZe_dlbq_kdh]hfZl_jbZebafZdhlhjh]hfuijb^_j`b\Z_fky\hijhkg_bf__lkfukeZ GZimlkl\b_ K_fbgZju \jh^_ gZr_]h ijbgylh aZdZgqb\Zlv l_f qlh \_^msbc gZ\h^bl ljZgk gZ ]jmiim b ^Z_l gZ[hj ihkl]bighlbq_kdbo bgkljmdpbc Gh \u hq_gv fgh]h aZgbfZebkv ljZgkZfb y [hxkv \ua\Zlv m \Zk i_j_^habjh\dm ihwlhfm ihijh[mx knhjfmebjh\Zlv gZimlkl\b_ lZd qlh[u _]h \hkijbgbfZeh lhevdh \Zr_ khagZgb_ Z \u ihijh[mcl_ g_ \iZ^Zlv ijb wlhf \ ljZgk Fg_ [u g_ ohl_ehkv qlh[u \u kqblZeb qlh ihemqbebgZk_fbgZj_gh\h_fbjh\haaj_gb_b iZd_lkljhijhp_glguobklbg\ ijb^ZqmY ^mfZx qlh \u ihemqbeb gZ[hj ]bihl_a [he__ beb f_g__ h[tykgyxsbo lh qlh bgh]^Z ijhbkoh^bl \ q_eh\_q_kdhf h[s_gbb ?keb ]^_gb[m^v dh]^Zgb[m^v \u [m^_l_ gZklZb\ZlvgZij_û^ms_c\_jkbby h[ty\ex\k_kdZaZggh_fghx^hkboihjeh`vxhl gZqZeZ ^h dhgpZ DZdhc ]bigha \ kZfhf ^_e_" Dlh ba \Zk ^_j`Ze _]h \ jmdZo baf_jye ebg_cdhc"<uihemqbebgZ[hjbgkljmf_glh\b magZebdZdbfbihevah\Zlvky\uihgyeb qlhhgbfh]mljZ[hlZlvghihq_fmhgbjZ[hlZxly g_agZxb kZfB yg_agZxihq_fm \k_ wlb \_sb gZqbgZxl jZ[hlZlv lhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z \u gZqbgZ_l_ bo bkihevah\Zlv Mq_[gbd jmdh\h^kl\h kZfhmqbl_ev wlh kZfu_ h[fZgqb\u_ \_sb gZ k\_l_ hgb ^Zxl beexabxmf_gbyb beexabxagZgbyFg_bgh]^ZdZ`_lkyqlhex^bieZlyl aZ mq_[gbd qlh[uhldmiblvkyhlg_h[oh^bfhklbqlhlh^_eZlvbebqlhlhmagZ\ZlvIhwlhfm^_j`bl_ k\hb dhgki_dlu beb wlm dgb`dm ih^ jmdhc qblZcl_ bo aZ h[_^hf hklZ\eyy gZ gbo iylgZ qblZcl_ aZ ijbeZ\dhf g_fbehk_j^gh i_j_]b[Zy i_j_ie_l b ijh\_jycl_ \ ^_ckl\bb \k_ qlh ijhqblZ_l_ Fh`gh dmiblv khlgx dgb] ijh h[mq_gb_ ieZ\Zgbx gh qlh[u gZmqblvky ieZ\Zlv gZ^h ieZ\Zlv ?klv ex^b dhlhju_ bkiulu\Zxl ljm^ghklb ijbex[hf\u[hj_Hgbg_fh]mlj_sblv\ dZdmx^\_jvZ\lh[mkZ\hclbg_agZxlk q_]h gZqZlv baeh`_gb_ ^_eZ ?keb \Zf ihdZ`_lky qlh \u ]hlh\u ijbf_gylv \ jZ[hl_ ]bighlbq_kdb_ l_ogbdb gh g_ agZ_l_ k q_]h gZqZlv y jZaj_rZx \Zf \hkihevah\Zlvky fh_c kljZl_]b_c ijbgylby j_r_gbc kljZl_]b_c \u[hjZ Y ^he]h ^_j`Ze __ \ k_dj_l_ bkihevamy lhevdh \ hkh[h \Z`guo kemqZyo HgZ hq_gv wnn_dlb\gZ b klhev `_ ijhklZ k^_eZcl_\u[hjf_`^mhjehfb j_rdhcb [jhkvl_fhg_ldmY kh`Ze_xqlhm gZkfZeh \j_f_gb êy lh]h qlh[u \u gZmqbebkv ijbl\hjylvky Fbelhg Wjbdkhg ]h\hjbe <u fh`_l_ ijbl\hjblvky fZkl_jhf dZdh]h m]h^gh ^_eZ b kijZ\blvky k wlbf ^_ehf Kh\_jr_gghg_\Z`ghmf_l_eb\u]bighlbabjh\Zlviebg_l<_jgm\rbkv^hfhcijhklh ijbl\hjbl_kv ]bighlba_jhf Ex^b ihc^ml aZ \Zfb b gZqgml ijbl\hjylvky qlh hgb ih]jm`Zxlky\ ljZgkB q_j_ag_dhlhjh_\j_fybfgZ^h_klijbl\hjylvkyb hgbaZ[m^ml qlh \k_]h ebrv ijbl\hjyxlky Gh g_ ^Z\Zcl_ k_[y h^mjZqblv b g_ aZ[u\Zcl_ qlh \u \k_]h ebrv ijbl\hjy_l_kv Y [ue jZ^ ihagZdhfblvky k \Zfb b dh_q_fm gZmqblvky hl \Zk>hk\b^Zgby =E:<:IHKLKDJBILMFIHKE?G:IBK:GGH=H < q_eh\_q_kdhf h[s_gbb g_l hrb[hd _klv lhevdh j_amevlZlu <_kv kfuke h[s_gby khklhbl\ _]hj_amevlZl__keb\uihemqbebg_lhlhl\_lagZqbl\uaZ^Zebg_lhl\hijhk ?keb \u kdZaZeb dhfmeb[h dhfiebf_gl Z q_eh\_d hkdhj[beky lh kfuke \Zr_]h khh[s_gby hkdhj[e_gb_ ?keb \u aZohlbl_ _s_ jZa hkdhj[blv wlh]h q_eh\_dZ lh \u agZ_l_ dZd wlh k^_eZlv gh _keb \u j_rbl_ \k_ `_ iho\Zeblv _]h ihijh[mcl_ kdZaZlv qlhgb[m^v ^jm]h_ Wlhl ihklmeZl g_cjhebg]\bklbq_kdh]h ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby dZ`_lky fg_ ohjhr_c f_lZnhjhc h g_h[oh^bfhklb ihemq_gby h[jZlghc k\yab ijb h[s_gbb < kZfhf^_e_dh]^Zy h[mqZxex^_c]bighamlhfg_gm`ghagZlvq_fm`_hgbgZmqbebkv \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb =jmiiZ k dhlhjhc y aZgbfZeky b aZgylby k dhlhjhc ihkem`beb hkgh\hcêyij_û^msbok_fb]eZ\^ZeZfg_h[jZlgmxk\yavijb]eZkb\f_gyijh\_klb aZgylb_ q_j_a ljb g_^_eb L_i_jv y fh]m ml\_j`^Zlv qlh agZx l_ \hijhku dhlhju_ hklZxlky ihke_ k_fbgZjZ m gZqbgZxsbo ]bighlba_jh\ Y ijZ\^Z g_ m\_j_g qlh \ lhqghklb agZx hl\_lu gZ wlb \hijhku GZklhysZy ]eZ\Z khklhbl dZd b ij_`gb_ ba \hijhkh\ b hl\_lh\ gh gZ kZfhf ^_e_ wlh nbehkhnkdZy ]eZ\Z G_m^ZqZ b mki_o kl_gh]jZffZ k_fbgZjZ XjZ M f_gy \hagbdeZ ijh[e_fZ k m^_j`Zgb_f ljZgkZ \ l_q_gb_lj_ofbgmly fh]mm^_j`b\ZlviZjlg_jZ\ ljZgk_gh^hevr_g_ihemqZ_lkyK =hjbg : aZq_f _]h m^_j`b\Zlv ^hevr_ \ l\h_c jZ[hl_" Lu \_^v g_ aZgbfZ_rvky h[_a[heb\Zgb_fobjmj]bq_kdbohi_jZpbcLuh[sZ_rvkyk j_Zevgufbbeb\hafh`gufb ihdmiZl_eyfbFg_dZ`_lkyqlhl\hyijh[e_fZ\ lhfqlhluaZjZg__g_h[^mfu\Z_rv dZd bkihevah\Zlv ihemq_gguc ljZgk Fg_ bgh]^Z bgl_j_kgh kemrZlv ex^_c dhlhju_ ijbagZxlky\ k\hbog_m^ZqZoH^gZ`_gsbgZe_qb\rZykyjZg__ihih\h^mh`bj_gbyh k\h_cg_m^Zq_]h\hjbeZlZdY ihelhjZ]h^Z^_j`ZeZkv\ ohjhr_cnhjf_Z ihlhfhiylv jZklhekl_eZ GZ\_jgh_ e_q_gb_ gZ f_gy g_ ^_ckl\m_l <u lhevdh ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ ihelhjZ ]h^Z q_eh\_d ihevah\Zeky ihemq_gguf j_amevlZlhf gh jZkp_gbe wlh dZd g_m^Zqm WlZ `_gsbgZ kh\_jr_ggh g_ mqeZ qlh hgZ f_gy_lky b f_gyxlky h[klhyl_evkl\Z \hdjm] g__ ijhklh jZ[hlZ ijh\_^_ggZy ihelhjZ ]h^Z gZaZ^ i_j_klZeZ m^h\e_l\hjylv baf_gb\rmxky ebqghklv XjZ G_l m f_gy [ueZ ^jm]Zy kblmZpby Y aZ^Z\Ze \hijhku q_eh\_dm ih]jm`_gghfm \ ljZgk AgZ_l_ y aZf_lbe qlh wlhl q_eh\_d ex[bl jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv kZf k kh[hc y wlh bkihevah\Ze ih^kljhbeky d g_fm g_aZf_lgh b klZeaZ^Z\Zlv\hijhku< l_q_gb_lj_ofbgmlhgfg_hl\_qZeZ ihlhfi_j_klZeK=hjbg L\hb \hijhku [ueb jZkkqblZgu gZ hl\_lu lbiZ ^Zg_l" XjZ >Z K =hjbg Lh]^Z kdhj__ \k_]h ^_eh lml g_ \ ih^^_j`Zgbb ljZgkh\h]h khklhygby Z \ ih^^_j`Zgbb jZiihjlZB ^Z`_g_h[yaZl_evghqlhjZiihjla^_kv[ueml_jyg\hafh`ghlukebrdhf m]em[be ljZgk m iZjlg_jZ b m g_]h hdZaZebkv aZlhjfh`_ggufb j_q_\u_ gZ\udb Hg ijh^he`Ze hl\_qZlv l_[_ ]heh\hc l_ehf jmdZfb l_[_ ijhklh ke_^h\Zeh aZjZg__ ihaZ[hlblvky h lhf qlh[u gZmqblvky jZaebqZlv g_keh\_kgu_ hl\_lu iZjlg_jZ ?klv ohjhr__ mijZ`g_gb_ êy wlh]h MijZ`g_gb_ 1R <uihegy_lky \ iZjZo IZjlg_j : aZ^Z_l iZjlg_jm ; ljb \hijhkZ gZ dhlhju_ \_jhylgh ihemqblv hl\_l ^Z L_[y ah\ml XjZ"Lu`b\_rvgZijZ\hf[_j_]m"L_[_e_l"b liAZl_fiZjlg_j: aZ^Z_l ljb \hijhkZ gZ dhlhju_ \_jhyl_g hl\_l g_l Lu oh^brv \ ^_lkdbc kZ^" Lu ihemqZ_rv i_gkbx" b l i AZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jZ ; ^Z\Zlv ^hklZlhqgh bkdj_ggb_ hl\_lu AZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jZ: \gbfZl_evghke_^blvaZg_keh\_kgufboZjZdl_jbklbdZfbiheh`bl_evgh]h b hljbpZl_evgh]h hl\_lh\ bglhgZpby ^\b`_gby ]heh\u fbfbdZ ^\b`_gby jmd ^\b`_gby]eZaguoy[ehdp\_ldh`bebpZGZ\lhjhfwlZi_mijZ`g_gbyiZjlg_j: aZ^Z_l iZjlg_jm; ljbkemqZcguo\hijhkZhl\_lZgZdhlhju_g_fh`_lij_îheZ]ZlvIZjlg_j; fh`_l hl\_qZlv gZ keh\Zo g_bkdj_gg_ AZ^ZqZ iZjlg_jZ : hij_^_eblv ih jZg__ ihemq_ggufg_keh\_kgufoZjZdl_jbklbdZfhl\_lh\gZdZdb_ba\hijhkh\\lhjh]hwlZiZ hg ihemqbe iheh`bl_evguc hl\_l b gZ dZdb_ hljbpZl_evguc Ihke_ wlh]h iZjlg_ju f_gyxlkyjheyfbK=hjbgIhkdhevdm\u\k_kijZ\bebkvk mijZ`g_gb_ffg_hklZ_lky lhevdh jZkkdZaZlv h \hafh`ghf bkihevah\Zgbb wlh]h gZ\udZ < ex[uo \klj_qZo k ^_eh\uf iZjlg_jhf ^Zcl_ _fm g_kdhevdh mklZgh\hqguo \hijhkh\ qlh[u hij_^_eblv _]h g_keh\_kgu_ hl\_lu ^Z b g_l Ihke_ wlh]h \u [m^_l_ lhqgh agZlv qlh hg ih^jZamf_\Z_l njZahc Fu h[^mfZ_f \Zr_ ij_êh`_gb_ beb Y ihkh\_lmxkv k Zdpbhg_jZfb <u [m^_l_ agZlv kjZam `_ dZdhc hl\_l ihemqbeb b \Zf g_ gm`gh [m^_l `^Zlv dh]^Z hg h[^mfZ_l beb ihkh\_lm_lky fh`gh ^_ckl\h\Zlv bkoh^y ba ihemq_ggh]h hl\_lZ ?keb hg kh]eZk_g fh`gh ih^h`^Zlv _keb g_kh]eZk_g bsbl_ ^jm]h]hiZjlg_jZg_^h`b^ZykvhldZaZgZkeh\ZoWlhl`_gZ\udbkihevam_lky\ ]Z^Zgbb >Zgl_ iZjlg_jm hq_gv g_hij_^_e_ggh_ hibkZgb_ Z ihlhf ^_lZebabjmcl_ hibkZgb_ bkihevamy g_keh\_kgh_ kh]eZkb_ beb g_kh]eZkb_ iZjlg_jZ k l_f qlh \u ]h\hjbl_ < ex[hf ]Z^Zgbb _klv ij_^\Zjbl_evgZy [_k_^Z \ oh^_ dhlhjhc aZ^Zxlky mklZgh\hqgu_ \hijhkuB \hl\u]h\hjbl_qlhlh\jh^_M l_[y\ ijhrehf[ueh \Z`gh_ kh[ulb_ Wlh hq_gv g_hij_^_e_ggh_ hibkZgb_ k dhlhjuf iZjlg_j kdhj__ \k_]h kh]eZkblky \ kZfhf^_e_m dh]h`_bagZk\ ijhrehfg_[ueh\Z`gh]hkh[ulby"AZl_f\uhklhjh`gh ijh^\b]Z_l_kv \i_j_^ Wlh kh[ulb_ [ueh k\yaZgh k `_gsbghc ?keb \u kjZam ihemqbeb hl\_l ^Z lh \u ijhklh m]Z^Zeb _keb hl\_l g_l lh kjhqgh bkijZ\vl_ iheh`_gb_ G_l hgh [ueh k\yaZgh k fm`qbghc B ^Zevr_ \u ^\b`_l_kv \ lhf `_ gZijZ\e_gbbHg[ueklZjr_l_[yfeZ^r_l_[yhg[ue[ehg^bghf[jxg_lhfb l ^ Dh]^Z \u ih^hc^_l_ d ij_^kdZaZgbyf [m^ms_]h jZiihjl [m^_l ^hklZlhqgh ijhqguf êy lh]h qlh[u iZjlg_j kZf \ihke_^kl\bb \u[bjZe ba ijhbkr_^rbo kh[ulbc l_ dhlhju_khhl\_lkl\mxl\Zrbfij_^kdZaZgbyfDhg_qghb ij_^kdZaZgby^he`gu[ulv ^hklZlhqghg_hij_^_e_ggufb<hlkdZ`_fdZa_gguc^hfb \klj_qZ\ g_fd hibkZgbx ihôh^bl \hdaZe ]hklbgbpZ lxjvfZ mq_[gh_ aZ\_^_gb_ b lukyqZ ^jm]bo \_s_c Qlh hagZqZ_l q_j\hggZy ^ZfZ" Wlh k\_joh[h[s_ggh_ ihgylb_ b _keb \Zr iZjlg_j g_ ]hfhk_dkmZebkl lh dZdZylh ^ZfZ m g_]h [m^_l b hg kZf \u[_j_l dhlhjZy ba ^Zf ihôh^bl d hibkZgbx ?keb \u dh]^Zgb[m^v \ rmldm j_rbl_ ih]Z^Zlv agZdhfuf h[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ qlh \ oh^_ wlh]h ^_ckl\by hgb kZfb ih]jm`Zxlky \ ljZgk ijhklh ihlhfmqlhbfijboh^blky\k_\j_fyh[jZsZlvkyd \gmlj_gg_fmhiulmZ g_\g_rg_fm fbjmb wlhfh`ghbkihevah\Zlv\ k\hbobgl_j_kZoGZlZrZM f_gy_klvljm^ghklbk ih^kljhcdhc G_ \k_]^Z m^Z_lky ohjhrh ih^kljhblvky d iZjlg_jm aZjZg__ ihwlhfm fg_ dZ`_lkyqlhb ihlhfm f_gygbq_]hg_ihemqblkyK=hjbgFg_dZ`_lkyagZqbly g_ ijh[h\ZeZ lZd" Ihijh[mc <u ihq_fmlh kqblZ_l_ qlh ih^kljhcdZ wlh qlhlh hq_gv^he]h_gm^gh_kdmqgh_gh\_^vwlhg_lZdK=hjbgihkfhlj_egZqZkuH^gh fh_^\b`_gb_ b \u ih^kljhbebkv Bsbl_ lZdb_ rZ[ehguêy [ukljhc ih^kljhcdb a^_kv kZf rZ[ehg \uau\Z_l ih^kljhcdm iZjlg_jZ Ihkfhlj_lv gZ qZku ihijZ\blv ijbq_kdm ihijZ\blv ]Zeklmd ?keb dlhlh ba \Zk kqblZ_l qlh ih^kljhcdZ m g_]h ihemqZ_lky iehoh bkihevamcl_ qZs_ jZaju\ rZ[ehgh\ <Zrb ihdmiZl_eb wlh ^_eZxl ihklhygghb fZkl_jkdb<kihfgbl_h^bgba^bZeh]h\FAZ^hjgh\ZIhq_fihfb^hju" >\Z^pZlv : aZ ljb^pZlv hl^Zrv" b ijh^Z\_p \ ljZgk_ < h[u^_gghc `bagb lZdbo ijbf_jh\fZkkZfZ]Zabgwlhk\h_]hjh^Zfma_cwlboijbf_jh\>_\mrdZm \Zkgh]b _klv" <q_jZ m \Zk i_q_gv [ueZ Z k_]h^gy y __ qlhlh g_ \b`m Y ohl_e \aylv yaudZ Z dZkkbjrZ \u[beZ fg_ fha]b [m^gb h^gh]h lhevdh fykgh]h hl^_eZ Fh`gh gZdhiblv êy bkihevah\Zgby h[hjhlu j_qb baf_gyxsb_ ijyfhc b i_j_ghkguc kfuke ?keb fu ]h\hjbfijhdh]hlhqlhhgijhlygmegh]bfubf__f\ \b^mqlhq_eh\_dmf_jGh\ wlhf \ujZ`_gbb _klv b ijyfhc kfuke dhlhjuc fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv dZd bgkljmdpbx iZjlg_jm jZkkeZ[blvky b \ulygmlv gh]b \i_j_^ Ih^h[guo \ujZ`_gbc bf_xsbo jZaguc kfuke êy khagZgby b ih^khagZgby fgh]h \ ex[hf yaud_ <aylv k_[y \ jmdb lZsblv k_[y aZ \hehku >mfZx qlh bo lh`_ fh`gh dZdlh h[u]jZlv \ dhgl_dkl_ ^_eh\h]hh[s_gbyGZlZrZ: _kebg_m^ZqZ\k_`_ijhbahreZ"K=hjbgY gZf_j_gghg_ [m^m dhgdj_lbabjh\Zlv wlh \ukdZau\Zgb_ h g_m^Zq_ b ih]h\hjx ij_^_evgh g_hij_^_e_ggh Ex[hc ikbohl_jZi_\lki_pbZebkl ih g_m^ZqZf jZkiheZ]Zxsbc k\hbf gZ[hjhf kljZl_]bc \uoh^Z ba gbo ?keb g_m^ZqZ \k_ `_ ijhbahreZ lh fh`gh ijbl\hjblvkyqlh__ g_[uehFh`ghijhdhff_glbjh\ZlvlhqlhkemqbehkvBlZd\Zf g_ klZeh emqr_ BlZd \u wlh]h g_ ohlbl_ Dhff_glZjbc ihfh]Z_l m[jZlv wfhpbhgZevgh_hlghr_gb_d g_m^Zq_jZkkfZljb\Zlv__ dZd[Zamêy^Zevg_cr_cjZ[hlu Fh`gh k^_eZlv g_ijhgbpZ_fh_ ebph b ^Zlv g_hij_^_e_ggu_ bgkljmdpbb k dmq_c ij_îheh`_gbch lhf qlh \ [m^ms_f gm`gu_ baf_g_gbyihy\ylky B gZ\_jgh_ kZfuc kms_kl\_gguc fhf_gl \ \hkijbylbb g_m^Zqb gZ^h ihgylv qlh \Zr iZjlg_j g_ mf__l qblZlvfukebHgg_agZ_ld dZdhfmj_amevlZlm\uklj_fbebkvb g_agZ_l^hklb]eb\u _]hbebg_lG_^mfZcl_aZiZjlg_jZb g_ijbibku\Zcl_ _fm k\hb fukeb Fuk \Zfb fgh]h]h\hjbebh g_m^ZqZoghy ohl_e[uij_^hkl_j_qv\Zk_s_b hlmki_oZImklv\Zr mki_o [m^_l lhevdh \Zrbf m[_jbl_ gZ \j_fy dm^Zgb[m^v k\h_ ls_keZ\b_ H^bg ba fbnh\ kh\_lkdh]h khagZgby \k_ _s_ khojZgyxsbc ZdlmZevghklv dhee_dlb\gh_ ^he`ghij_h[eZ^ZlvgZêbqgufbf__lbgl_j_kgh_ke_^kl\b_wnn_dlq_jghcaZ\bklb ?keb lu `b\_rv emqr_ f_gy agZqbl lu om`_ f_gy b y wlh ^hdZ`m Fg_ ihgZ^h[behkv^h\hevghfgh]h\j_f_gbqlh[uihgylvqlhh fhbomki_oZo^he`guagZlv iZpb_glughg_dhee_]bEx^b]hjZa^hhohlg__ijhsZxldhfmeb[hij_klmie_gb_q_f mki_o <blZebc Y ohl_e ijbf_gblv \ j_deZf_ hl^_evgu_ j_q_\u_ kljZl_]bb bkihevah\Zgby ljZgkZ gh wlh m\_ebqb\Z_l h[t_f h[ty\e_gby b khhl\_lkl\_ggh _]h klhbfhklv Q_klgh ]h\hjy y khfg_\Zxkv qlh gm`gh b^lb gZ ebrgb_ aZljZlu Fg_ g_ \_jblkyqlhlZdb_ijhklu_\_sbjZ[hlZxlK=hjbgG_ohqmgbdh]hh[b^_lvgh\k_`_ ijb\_^m \ukdZau\Zgb_ h^gh]h Zf_jbdZgkdh]h j_^ZdlhjZ ]Za_lu Hg ]h\hjbe k\hbf khljm^gbdZfKqblZyk\hboqblZl_e_cb^bhlZfbg_aZ[u\Zcl_qlhqblZl_evgbpu_s_ ]emi__ Ex[Zy ]bighlbq_kdZy l_ogbdZ \ j_deZf_ kjZ[hlZ_l =em[hdb_ baf_g_gby ebqghklb K =hjbg L_i_jv y ohl_e [u ih]h\hjblv h \Zr_f ihqlb h[s_f `_eZgbb ]em[hdhbaf_gblvkyklZlvkh\_jr_ggh^jm]bfbK \hklhj]hfgh\bqdh\\u[jhkZ_l_kv\ kZfh]bighab klZ\bl_i_j_^kh[hc]eh[Zevgu_aZ^ZqbOhjhrhdhg_qghqlhgbm dh]hba \Zkg_lya\u`_em^dZbeb]bi_jlhgbq_kdhc[he_agbdhlhjufbb klhbeh[uaZgylvkygZ i_j\uo ihjZo Gh ihfh_fm \u ihôh^bl_ d i_j_^_ed_ k\h_c ebqghklb lZd `_ dZd d j_fhglm l_e_\bahjZ ^_lZevguo ijbgpbih\ jZ[hlu dhlhjh]h \u g_ agZ_l_ \ lhc `_ kl_i_gb\ dZdhcg_agZ_l_ijbgpbih\jZ[hluikbobdbM ^be_lZglZ_klv^\Zihôh^Z d j_fhglm l_e_\bahjZ beb m^Zjblv ih g_fm dmeZdhf beb ihdjmlblv \k_ jmqdb ih^jy^ ijbq_fb lhb ^jm]h_^_eZ_lkygZ\kydbckemqZcY g_fh]mhkh[hmij_dZlv\Zk\ wlhf ihlhfm qlh i_j_^_edZ ebqghklb \ ikbobZljbb ijhba\h^blky ihoh`bf kihkh[hf ebqghklv kbevgh \kljyob\Z_lky \k_ qZklb ebqghklb ijboh^yl \ ^\b`_gb_ Z ihlhf ih^h[gh b]jmr_qguf dm[bdZf kh[bjZxlky \ ^jm]hf ihjy^d_ J_iebdZ IkbobZlj bo kh[bjZ_l"K=hjbgG_likbobZljdZdjZaih^[jZku\Z_lkf_o\ aZe_kh[bjZxlkyhgb kZfb?kebiehohkh[jZebkvih^[jZku\Z_l_s_jZa>_eh^Z`_g_\ f_lh^bd_baf_g_gbc ebqghklb ^_eh \ lhf qlh gZ^h kh[ex^Zlv ijZ\beZ ohjhrh knhjfmebjh\Zggh]h j_amevlZlZ Fgh]b_ eb ba \Zk wlh ^_eZeb" Ex[Zy ihklZ\e_ggZy \Zfb p_ev ^he`gZ \ibku\Zlvky\ dhgl_dkl^jm]bop_e_cihwlhfm_klv_s_h^bg\Z`guc\hijhkqlhy [m^m ^_eZlv ihke_ lh]h dZd ^hklb]gm i_j\hc p_eb" H^gZ ba wdki_^bpbc d K_\_jghfm IhexkmhdhgqbeZkvhq_gvi_qZevghEx^bijbrebd ihexkmhkfhlj_ebkvb bfklZeh ]jmklghGmfukx^Zijbrebp_ev^hklb]gmlZ\hlfua^_kvkj_^bev^h\gZfhjha_ Gm b qlh" FhjZevguc ^mo mqZklgbdh\ wdki_^bpbb j_adh miZe h[jZlgh \_jgmebkv _^bgbpuFg_fgh]hijboh^behkvjZ[hlZlvk Zedh]hebdZfb<k_hgbklZ\yli_j_^kh[hc p_ev Ohqm [ulv lj_a\uf B \k_o bo klZ\bl \ lmibd ijhklhc \hijhk Qlh \u [m^_l_ ^_eZlvdh]^ZklZg_l_\k_]^Zlj_a\uf"Ihkdhevdmih\_^_gb_ihke_^hklb`_gbyp_ebg_ [ueh jZajZ[hlZgh wlZ p_ev dZ`_lky gbdq_fghc gbdlh Zedh]hebdZ g_ gZ]jZ`^Z_l fbj \hdjm]g_baf_gbeky;he__lh]hhgl_jy_lqZklvk\hbo^jma_cbfg_bgl_j_kghk gbf h[sZlvky hg \k_]^Z lj_a\ BlZd jZ[hlZy k kh[hc \k_]^Z jZaebqZcl_ \Zr_ gZf_j_gb_ Q_]hfg_ohq_lky"b \Zrmbklbggmxp_evQ_]hy ohqm":f_jbdZgpu]h\hjylFu ihdmiZ_f g_ Zi_evkbgu Z a^hjh\v_ g_ Z\lhfh[beb Z ij_klb` Hij_^_ebl_ qlh \u ihdmiZ_l_ B _s_ h^gh khh[jZ`_gb_ h `_eZgguo p_eyo b kihkh[Zo bo ^hklb`_gby Ba ij_^\Zjbl_evguo jZa]h\hjh\ k \Zfb y ihgye qlh \u ihij_`g_fm k[b\Z_l_kv gZ h[uqgmx kljZl_]bx _keb qlhlh g_ ihemqbehkv ^_eZc lh `_ kZfh_ lhevdh kbevg__ ?keb \u[m^_l_ ^_eZlv lh `_ kZfh_ lh \u b ihemqZlv [m^_l_ lh `_ kZfh_ Gh ex^b h[h`Zxl[blvkyh[h^gbb l_`_]jZ[ebg_kdhevdhjZaY ohl_e[uknhjfbjh\Zlvm \Zk ^jm]mxkljZl_]bx_kebqlhlhg_ihemqZ_lkyihijh[mck^_eZlvqlhgb[m^v^jm]h_: _keb \ j_amevlZl_ ijbf_g_gby q_]hlh ^jm]h]h p_ev \k_ jZ\gh g_ ^hklb]gmlZ k lj_o ihiulhd ih^mfZcl_ h p_e_khh[jZaghklb ^hklb`_gby bf_ggh wlhc p_eb Fh`_l [ulv \Zf gm`gZ ^jm]Zy" Ba ij_^\Zjbl_evguo [_k_^ k \Zfb y ihgye qlh _klv _s_ h^gZ ^hklZlhqgh h[sZy êy \Zk ijh[e_fZ qlh b g_m^b\bl_evgh _keb mq_klv \Zr \hajZkl Y ]h\hjx h qm\kl\_ j_\ghklb dhlhjh_ fgh]bf ba \Zk hljZ\ey_l `bagv Ihkdhevdm l_fZ j_\ghklbex[bfZyl_fZikbobZljh\y bihjZ[hlZxk g_c\ dZq_kl\_ikbohl_jZi_\lZ bkihevamy ihemq_ggu_ \Zfb agZgby b k_fbgZjkdmx l_jfbgheh]bx LbibqgZy \gmlj_ggyykljZl_]byj_\gb\pZ\b`mqm\kl\mxDh]^Zq_eh\_dj_\gm_lwlhlijhp_kk gZqbgZ_lky k dhgkljmbjh\Zgby ajbl_evguo h[jZah\ q_eh\_d \u^mfu\Z_l b jZkkfZljb\Z_l dZjlbgdb h lhf qlh _]h k_dkmZevguc iZjlg_j gZoh^blky \ h[tylbyo ^jm]h]h ^jm]hc >Ze__ j_\gmxsbc iha\hey_l wlhc kp_g_ eh]bq_kdb jZa\b\Zlvky kha^Z\Zyp_eucnbevfihk\h_fmkp_gZjbxb dh]^Zijboh^blq_j_^kZfhcg_ijbdjulhc ihjgh]jZnbbhgbkiulu\Z_lqm\kl\hg_m^h\e_l\hj_gghklbihwlhfmih\h^mgZau\Z_fh_ j_\ghklvx Ijb \klj_q_ k k_dkmZevguf iZjlg_jhf \ j_Zevghc `bagb j_\gmxsbc hlghkblkyd iZjlg_jmlZd[m^lh\k_kh^_j`Zgb__]h\gmlj_gg_]hnbevfZijhbkoh^beh gZ kZfhf ^_e_ b f_gy_l k\h_ j_Zevgh_ hlghr_gb_ d iZjlg_jm wlh aZdhghf_jgh \gmlj_ggbc hiul qZklh g_ ^_eZ_l jZaebqbc f_`^m \u^mfZggufb b j_Zevgufb kh[ulbyfb êy g_]h \k_ kh[ulby j_Zevgu ?keb \u ihevam_l_kv wlhc lbibqghc kljZl_]b_c lh y \Zf ij_êZ]Zx aZihfgblv g_dhlhjmx ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ^_ckl\bc b ijhclb q_j_a wlm ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv <u gZqbgZ_l_ ijhp_kk j_\ghklb dZd h[uqgh kha^Z_l_dZjlbgmIZjlg_j\ h[tylbyo^jm]h]hH[jZlbl_\gbfZgb_gZlhqlh\u\k_]^Z [ueb lhevdh ajbl_e_f k\hbo \gmlj_ggbo nbevfh\ Z g_ ^_ckl\mxsbf ebphf Dh]^Z dZjlbgdZ klZeZ nbevfhf b \u ih^hreb d kZfhfm bgl_j_kghfm m[_jbl_ ba dZ^jZ khi_jgbdZb ihklZ\vl_gZ_]hf_klhk_[y>_eZcl_lZddZ`ûcjZadh]^Z\ZfaZohq_lky ihqm\kl\h\Zlvj_\ghklvLZdhcihôh^[he__dhgkljmdlb\_g\ufh`_l_g_f_gylvk\hbo qm\kl\b k\h_]hhlghr_gbyd j_ZevghfmiZjlg_jmdjhf_lh]h\ufh`_l_ijb\klj_q_k iZjlg_jhf ih\lhjblv \ j_Zevghc `bagb lh qlh \Zf ^ZeZ \ZrZ nZglZaby <hijhk Qlh ^_eZlv _keb m f_gy g_ ihemqZ_lky ih^f_gZ khi_jgbdZ kh[hc" K =hjbg Lh qlh lu \b^brv l\hy kh[kl\_ggZy dZjlbgdZ Lu fh`_rv ^_eZlv k g_c qlh m]h^gh \ lhf qbke_ fh`_rv g_ kfhlj_lv __ k kZfh]h gZqZeZ g_ \dexqZy \kx ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv Fha] hq_gv ihkemr_g hg \k_]^Z [m^_l jZ[hlZlv gZ^ lhc aZ^Zq_c dhlhjmx lu _fm ij_êh`brvGhgZ^hmq_klvqlhfha]ihkeh\ZfJ;wgê_jZwlhfZrbgZ[_adghidb \udexq_gby ?keb lu h^bg jZa ihijhkbrv k\hc fha] ^Zlv l_[_ ihkljZ^Zlv hl qm\kl\Z j_\ghklbhg[m^_lwlh^_eZlvihdZlug_^h^mfZ_rvkyihijhkblvh q_flh^jm]hf< lhc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb dhlhjmx y \Zf ^Ze \Zf ^Z`_ g_ gm`gh ijbeZ]Zlv dZdb_lh mkbeby êy lh]h qlh[u hklZ\blv k\hb qm\kl\Z d iZjlg_jm ij_`gbfb wlh ijhbkoh^bl kZfh kh[hc<uijh^he`Z_l_kfhlj_lvk\hc\gmlj_ggbcnbevfgh\ j_rZxsbcfhf_gl[Zp b \f_klhkhi_jgbdZ\ dZ^j_hdZau\Z_l_kv\uZ wlhijbylgh<hijhk: _kebj_\gm_l dZd jZa iZjlg_jrZ" K =hjbg Ij_êh`b _c ijhclb q_j_a wlm ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv J_iebdZHgZihkfhljbllZdhcnbevfb [hevr_g_aZohq_lkhfghch[sZlvkyK=hjbg LZdhgZb j_\gh\Zlvi_j_klZg_lagZqblp_ev^hklb]gmlZkf_o\ aZe_<hijhk: _keb lZfb \ijZ\^mqlhgb[m^v[ueh"K=hjbg: _keblZfb \ijZ\^mqlhlh[uehlhdZdZy jZagbpZ" Y \k_ \j_fy ]h\hjx h \Zr_f kZfhqm\kl\bb ih ih\h^m kh[ulbc Z g_ h kZfbo kh[ulbyo DZd ih\Zr_fm qlh kZfh_ ]eZ\gh_ \ ex[hf dhgnebdl_ ijb ex[hf g_kh\iZ^_gbbbgl_j_kh\"Hl\_l>hdZaZlvk\hxijZ\hlmK=hjbgGbq_]hih^h[gh]h h[_ki_qblv k\hx [_ahiZkghklv I_j_^ ex[uf `b\uf kms_kl\hf klhyl \k_]h ebrv ^\_ ]eh[Zevgu_aZ^ZqbAZ^ZqZ1RdZd[ug_ ihf_j_lv" AZ^ZqZ1R dZd [u g_ ihf_j_lv gZf\k_f\f_kl_"Wlhfh_\hevgh_i_j_eh`_gb_ihgylbcbgklbgdlZkZfhkhojZg_gbyb bgklbgdlZ khojZg_gby \b^Z Qlh lhedm k ^hdZaZl_evkl\ \Zr_c ijZ\hlu _keb ihke_ dhgnebdlZ \Zk mghkyl gZ ghkbedZo" B _keb fu \iehlgmx aZcf_fky g_dhlhjufb [bheh]bq_kdbfb hkgh\Zfb kms_kl\h\Zgby lh h[gZjm`bf qlh j_\ghklv g_ [bheh]bq_kdb h[mkeh\e_ggh_ qm\kl\h ijhs_ ]h\hjy \ `b\hlghf fbj_ j_\ghklb g_l Qm\kl\h j_\ghklb km]m[h q_eh\_q_kdh_ k\hckl\h gh ^Z`_ m q_eh\_dZ hgh [ueh g_ \k_]^Z b g_ \_a^_ m j_\ghklb _klv b k\hy bklhjby b k\hy ]_h]jZnby J_\ghklv dZd ijh[e_fZ ihy\ey_lky \ q_eh\_q_kdhf h[s_kl\_ lhevdh gZ wlZi_ ihy\e_gby qZklghc kh[kl\_gghklbgZkj_^kl\Zijhba\h^kl\ZWlby\e_gbyohjhrhbkke_^h\ZguWg]_evkhf< jZ[hl_ Ijhbkoh`^_gb_ k_fvb qZklghc kh[kl\_gghklb b ]hkm^Zjkl\Z hg hibkZe fgh`_kl\h\hafh`guoaZf_gbl_e_c[jZdZ\ wihom^hqZklghckh[kl\_gghklbb hkgh\hc ijh^he`_gby jh^Z dZd ijZ\beh [ue \ lhc beb bghc kl_i_gb ]jmiih\hc [jZd Fhgh]Zfguc [jZd h^bg fm`qbgZ h^gZ `_gsbgZ \ lh \j_fy \hkijbgbfZeky [u kh\_jr_ggh^bdhihkdhevdmklZ\be\ l_omkeh\byoih^m]jhamkms_kl\h\Zgb_\b^ZGh kh]eZkghlhfm`_Wg]_evkmiheblbdZkem`ZgdZwdhghfbdbijbqZklghckh[kl\_gghklb gZ kj_^kl\Z ijhba\h^kl\Z fm`qbgZ ^he`_g [ulv m\_j_g qlh \k_ k\h_ bfms_kl\h hklZ\ey_lk\h_fmj_[_gdm\ k\h_ck_fv_Lh]^Zlhb ihy\ey_lkybgl_j_kd ^_\kl\_gghklb g_\_kl \f_kl_ k qm\kl\hf j_\ghklb Lhevdh k mq_lhf gh\uo êy l_o \j_f_g wdhghfbq_kdbohlghr_gbcfh`ghihgylvlZdhch[uqZcdZdijZ\hi_j\hcghqbdh]^Z kqZkleb\Zy g_\_klZ ^hklZ\ZeZkv ih hq_j_^b \k_f ]hklyf gZ k\Z^v[_ Wlhl h[uqZc bkdmie_gb_i_j_îj_^klZ\bl_eyfbjh^Zfhgh]Zfguc[jZdwlhdhg_qgh^bdhklvgh [hevr_\uwlm`_gsbgmg_ihemqbl_bakhh[jZ`_gbcwdhghfbdbZ ijZ\hgZwlhfum \Zk k_cqZk\udmiZ_fBlZdfhjZevêy[jZqguohlghr_gbcfh`_l[ulvhq_gv`_kldhcgh [bheh]bq_kdh]h hkgh\Zgby m g__ g_l Qm\kl\h j_\ghklb wlh ZlZ\baf Fu _]h bkiulu\Z_f ih bg_jpbb hkh[_ggh fm`qbgu k hkeZ[e_gghc ihl_gpb_c \gmlj_ggb_ dZjlbgdb\ha[m`^Zxlbog_om`_ihjgh]jZnbq_kdbohldjulhd<gh\vkhrexkvgZk\hc hiul jZ[hluk Zedh]hebdZfb m gbo qZklhiheh\hc Zdl klZgh\blky \hafh`guf lhevdh ihke_ ohjhr_]h kdZg^ZeZ gZ ihq\_ j_\ghklb bgZq_ \ha[m`^_gb_ g_ gZklmiZ_l <k_ \ur_kdZaZggh_ \ijhq_f g_ agZqbl qlh y \uklmiZx ijhlb\ kmijm`_kdhc \_jghklb \ kh\j_f_gghffbj__klvfZkkZhkgh\Zgbcêy__ kh[ex^_gby<hijhkJZam`fuk[bebkv gZ k_dkmZevgmx l_fZlbdm <u gZ k_fbgZj_ ]h\hjbeb qlh emqrbc ex[h\gbd dbg_kl_lbd: dZd\u[jZlvemqr_]h\ wlhfkfuke_kj_^b^\modbg_kl_lbdh\"K=hjbg Bf__lky \ \b^m g_ f_lh^hf ijh[ b hrb[hd Ohjhrh ;bheh]bq_kdb k_dkmZevgh_ ih\_^_gb_ k\yaZgh k ^jm]bfb \b^Zfb ih\_^_gby iha\heyxsbfb ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv k\hx Z]j_kkb\ghklv K lhqdb aj_gby ihklZ\e_gghc aZ^Zqb y [u ihj_dhf_g^h\Ze gZ[ex^_gb_ aZ ih\_^_gb_f q_eh\_dZ \ dhgnebdl_ b \h \j_fy _û êy lh]h qlh[u ihemqblv ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h _]h k_dkmZevghf ih\_^_gbb Ijhs_ ]h\hjy lh dZd q_eh\_d _klb lhdZdq_eh\_ddhgnebdlm_ly\ey_lky^h\hevghlhqgufhljZ`_gb_f_]hih\_^_gby \ ihkl_ebB \ dhgnebdl_ b \ _^_ _klv hij_^_e_ggucjblf hij_^_e_ggh_hlghr_gb_ d ijhp_kkm l_fi gZkus_gby kdhjhklv mlhfe_gby aZ wlbf b ke_^bl_ Ij_ex^by dhgnebdlZ _]h jZa]Zj dmevfbgZpby \k_ wlh p_ggu_ k\_^_gby ?keb aZ klhehf q_eh\_d ^he]h k g_^h\hevguf \b^hf dhiZ_lky \ lZj_ed_ qlhlh jZkdeZû\Z_l hl[jZku\Z_l_kebqblZ_laZklhehfkeh\hf_kl[_aZii_lblZ\ ihkl_ebk gbf^_eZlv g_q_]h Fh`_l_ mqblu\Zlv \k_ wlh k ihijZ\dhc êy \Zk hgZ ijb\uqgZ gZ lh qlh Z[khexlguobklbgy \Zfg_]h\hjx AZdexqbl_evguck_Zgk Fgh]b_ ba \Zk aZf_lbeb qlh ih^khagZl_evgu_ bgkljmdpbb ^Zggu_ fghc beb \Zrbfb iZjlg_jZfb ih mijZ`g_gbyf êy gZ\_^_gby ljZgkZ ihfh]Zeb \Zf g_ f_g__ q_f khagZl_evgh mk\h_ggu_ k\_^_gby ihwlhfm \u h[jZlbebkv k ijhkv[hc ijh\_klb aZdexqbl_evguc k_Zgk Y ohqm ihk\ylblv _]h j_r_gbx g_kdhevdbo aZ^Zq Dhg_qgh y mqlm\Zr_`_eZgb_k^_eZlv\Zk[he__wnn_dlb\gufb\ h[s_gbbGhy ohl_e[umq_klv lZd`_lhqlh\uex^bjZ[hlZxsb_k ex^vfbb h^gZba\Zrboijh[e_fhlghr_gb_d ex^yfFgh]b_bal_odlhjZ[hlZ_lk ex^vfbkqblZxlk_[yh[yaZggufbex[blvex^_c b kqblZxl ex[h\v d ex^yf hkgh\hc êy ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h jhklZ b ihemq_gby m^h\hevkl\byhljZ[hluWlh\_jghdjhf_h^gh]hkeh\Zh[yaZguAZkeh\hfh[yaZg h[uqghke_^m_laZklZ\eyxk_[yZ aZklZ\eylvk_[yex[blvex^_ckZfuc\_jgucimlv d q_eh\_dhg_gZ\bklgbq_kl\m <u fh`_l_ ex[blv ex^_c Z fh`_l_ bo g_ ex[blv b wlh [m^_l aZ\bk_lv \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v hl \Zr_]h hlghr_gby d k_[_ B y ohqm qlh[u \u gZmqbebkv êy gZqZeZ ijhklh \hkijbgbfZlv k_[y \ p_ehf g_ kqblZy qlh ohjhrb_ ihklmidb ^_eZ_l ohjhrZy qZklv \Zr_c gZlmju Z iehob_ ihklmidb iehoZy qZklv K_cqZk y \dexqm fmaudm \dexqZ_l fZ]gblhnhg dhlhjZy gZihfgbl \Zf gZrb ij_û^msb_ aZgylby b gZihfgbl lh khklhygb_ ljZgkZ \ dhlhjh_ \u ih]jm`Zebkv >Z\Zcl_ \havf_f ba\_klgmx \Zf l_ogbdm k\_^_gby jmd b ihke_ lh]h dZd \u ijbf_l_ m^h[gmxêyk_ZgkZihamb \Zrb eZ^hgb m^h[ghjZkiheh`Zlky iZjZee_evgh^jm] ^jm]m \u khkj_^hlhqbl_ \gbfZgb_ gZ ijhkljZgkl\_ f_`^m eZ^hgyfb <u m`_ agZ_l_ qlh wlh ijhkljZgkl\h \_^_l k_[y ihjZaghfm Hgh fh`_l klZgh\blvky [he__ iehlguf b lh]^Z \Zrbjmdbk[eb`ZxlkyBeb hgh klZgh\blky [he__ juoeuf jZkrbjy_lky \ klhjhgub \Zrbjmdbfh]mljZkoh^blvkyY ohqmqlh[u\uhq_gv\gbfZl_evghihqm\kl\h\Zebwlh ijhkljZgkl\h f_`^m eZ^hgyfb \k_ _]h k\hckl\Z Fh`_l [ulv êy wlh]h \Zf [m^_l m^h[g__aZdjulv]eZaZ<_^vêyaj_gby\ wlhfijhkljZgkl\_gbq_]hg_l< lh\j_fydZd \ZrZ qm\kl\bl_evghklv m`_ iha\hey_l \Zf ihgylv k[eb`Zxlky \Zrb jmdb beb jZkoh^ylky Ihke_ lh]h dZd \u ihcf_l_ dZdh\u k\hckl\Z wlh]h ijhkljZgkl\Z f_`^m eZ^hgyfbb qlhqm\kl\mxl\Zrbjmdbb dZdbfkihdhcgufklZeh\Zr_ûoZgb_<u fh`_l_ aZ^Zlv k_[_ \hijhk dZdbf kihkh[hf \Zr_ kh[kl\_ggh_ l_eh fh`_l hl\_qZlv \Zr_fm khagZgbx ^Z DZdbf kihkh[hf \Zr_ l_eh ^Z_l iheh`bl_evguc hl\_l Kijhkbl_ k_[y [m^ml eb \Zrb jmdb k[eb`Zlvky beb jZkoh^blvky gZ qm\kl\_ ^Z gZ qm\kl\_ kh]eZkby Y ohl_e [u qlh[u \u ihgyeb dZd \_^_l k_[y \Zr_ l_eh dZd \_^ml k_[y \Zrb jmdb dh]^Z hgb hl\_qZxl \Zf ^Z B dh]^Z \u ihemqbeb wlhl hl\_l \u fh`_l_ih^mfZlvh lhfdZdih\_^mlk_[y\Zrbjmdb_keb\Zr_l_ehhl\_qZ_l\Zfg_l H[uqghhl\_lg_l\h\k_fijhlb\hiheh`_ghl\_lm^ZGh\Zfbgl_j_kghdZdbf_ggh ih\_^_lk_[ywlhijhkljZgkl\hf_`^meZ^hgyfbdZdih\_^mlk_[y\Zrbjmdbdh]^Zl_eh hl\_qZ_lg_lFg_ohl_ehkv[uqlh[u\ukfh]ebaZihfgblvwlbhl\_lu\Zr_]hl_eZ \Zr_]hih^khagZgbyb ^ZebjmdZf\hafh`ghklvkihdhcghhimklblvkyihf_j_lh]hdZd khklhygb_ ljZgkZ [m^_l m]em[eylvky b \u kfh`_l_ wlh ihgylv B imklv \Zrb jmdb himklylky g_ jZgvr_ lh]h fhf_glZ dh]^Z \u ihcf_l_ qlh \u klZgh\bl_kv \k_ [he__ khkj_^hlhq_ggufb b m]em[e_ggufb \ k_[y B qlh dZ`^h_ ^\b`_gb_ \Zrbo jmd gZijZ\e_ggh_\gbahagZqZ_llZd`_qlh\Zrihdhc\ZrZjZkkeZ[e_gghklvgZjZklZxlb klZgh\ylky\k_[he__ihgylgufbb ijbylgufb\Zfqlh\g_rgbcfbjdZd[ui_j_klZ_l kms_kl\h\Zlvk dZdh]hlhfhf_glZdh]^ZhdZau\Z_lkyqlh\uiheghklvxih]jm`_gu\ k_[yB kZfucbgl_j_kguc\hijhkêy\ZkaZdexqZ_lky\ lhfqlhbf_gghijhbkoh^bl k \Zfbdh]^Z\ukeurbl_fmaudmb fhc]hehkb dZd\uk_[yih\_^_l_ih]jm`Zykv\ ljZgk [uklj__ beb g_ kebrdhf [ukljh Bgh]^Z \Zr_ khagZgb_ _s_ fh`_l kijZrb\ZlvqlhlZdh_ljZgk\ lh\j_fydZd\Zr_l_ehm`_agZ_lhl\_lb ^_eZ_l\Zrm jZkkeZ[e_gghklvb \Zrihdhc_s_kbevg___s_ijbylg__B dh]^Z\uihgbfZ_l_qlh k_cqZk gZoh^bl_kv \ hkh[hf khklhygbb hlj_r_gghklb jZkkeZ[e_gghklb khkj_^hlhq_gghklbb ihdhy\Zk\hafh`ghm^b\ey_lwlhkhq_lZgb_jZkkeZ[e_gghklb b khkj_^hlhq_gghklb\ lh\j_fydZd\ukemrZ_l_fmaudmb fhc]hehkb rmf\Zr_]h ûoZgby B dh]^Z \u ohjhrh qm\kl\m_l_ k\hb jmdb lh ih f_j_ lh]h dZd y [m^m kqblZlv \u fh`_l [ulv kfh`_l_ ih]jmablvky \ k_[y _s_ ]em[`_ H^bg ^\Z ljb K_fv iylv ^_\ylv Fh`_l [ulv wlh \Zr_ khklhygb_ hdZaZehkv m`_ ^hklZlhqgh ]em[hdbf ljZgkhf <hafh`gh wlh kZfuc ]em[hdbc ljZgk dhlhjh]h \u fh`_l_ ^hklb]gmlv beb hg fh`_l klZlv _s_ ]em[`_ dh]^Z y [m^m ijh^he`Zlv ]h\hjblv qlh lh kh\_jr_ggh g_ihgylgh_ \Zr_fm khagZgbx G_\Z`gh ihcf_l eb f_gy \Zr_ khagZgb_ \ lh \j_fy dZd \Zr fha] kfh`_l f_gy ihgylv ;ueh [u bgl_j_kgh bkke_^h\Zlv dZdhcgb[m^v klZjuc aZfhd k êbggufb ihâ_fgufb dhjb^hjZfb \_^msbfb \gba ]em[`_ b ]em[`_ B [ueh [u bgl_j_kgh h[gZjm`blv gZ h^ghc kl_g_ dhjb^hjZ\_^ms_]h\gbajy^dZjlbgba\Zr_c`bagb\uau\Zxsbom \Zkqm\kl\h^Z B wlh qm\kl\h kh]eZkby \uau\Z_l m \Zk hij_^_e_ggu_ hsms_gby \ h^ghc ba jmd H[ wlhfhsms_gbb\ h^ghcjmd_agZ_l_lhevdh\ub gbdlh[hevr_B wlhaZklZ\ey_l\Zk ihqm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y _s_ [he__ kihdhcgh b jZkkeZ[e_ggh < lh \j_fy dZd gZ ^jm]hc klhjhg_ dhjb^hjZ \_^ms_]h \gba hq_gv ]em[hdh \u fh`_l_ m\b^_lv dZjlbgu ba \Zr_c `bagb \uau\Zxsb_ m \Zk qm\kl\h g_l b ihgylv wlh bkiulZ\ hkh[u_ hsms_gby \ ^jm]hc jmd_ h q_f lh`_ agZ_l_ lhevdh \u B ih f_j_ lh]h dZd \u ijh^\b]Z_l_kv _s_ ]em[`_ \k_ dZjlbgu bkq_aZxl ihlhfm qlh \hdjm] \Zk klZgh\blky _s_ l_fg__ Ihkdhevdm \u ih]jmabebkv m`_ hq_gvBBB ]em[hdh B hklZebkv lhevdh hkh[u_hsms_gby\ \ZrbojmdZo dhlhju_ \u kh_^bgy_l_ \f_kl_ k hsms_gbyfb B \uihemqZ_l_dZdh_lhgh\h_hsms_gb_\ jmdZo_s_g_agZyh lhfqlhhghhagZqZ_l qlh\Zr_ih^khagZgb_ihemqbehdZdhclhgh\uchiulb kfh`_ljZkihjy^blvkybfêy \Zr_cihevau\ lhlfhf_gldh]^Zhgh[m^_ld wlhfm]hlh\hG_aZ\bkbfhhllh]hdZd \Zr_ khagZgb_[m^_l hlghkblvky d gh\hfm hiulm b gh\uf agZgbyf \Zr_ ih^khagZgb_ m`_ihgbfZ_lqlhm \Zk_klv\k_j_kmjkuêy^hklb`_gbymki_oZ\ lhf ^_e_ dhlhjh_ \u êy k_[y \u[jZeb B \_kv \hijhk khklhbl \ lhf dh]^Z bf_ggh \u ihcf_l_ qlh \Zr_ih^khagZgb_m`_]hlh\hihfhqv\Zf^Z\qm\kl\hm\_j_gghklb\ k_[_\ khq_lZgbb kh kihdhckl\b_f B y ohl_e[u qlh[u \u aZiZkebkv wlbfb qm\kl\Zfb m\_j_gghklb \ k_[_ b kihdhckl\by ij_`^_ q_f fu gZqg_f \ha\jZsZlvky ihkl_i_ggh \ lhf l_fi_ dhlhjuc \Zf m^h[_g \ wlm dhfgZlm \ wlhl ^_gv b qZk B i_j_^ l_f dZd \u gZqg_l_ hkhagZ\Zlvlhqlhy ]h\hjx\ufh`_l_aZihfgblvqlhex^bfh]mlaZ[u\Zlvlhqlhbf g_ gm`gh ihfgblv b aZihfbgZlv lh qlh bf g_ gm`gh aZ[u\Zlv < dZ`^hf \hkihfbgZgbb _klv qZklv dhlhjZy g_ ^he`gZ [ulv aZ[ulZ B ohly ex^b ex[yl aZ[u\Zlvhq_gvfgh]h_boih^khagZgb_\k_ihfgblb ^Z_lhsms_gb_mki_oZb jZ^hklb \ kZfucg_h`b^Zggucfhf_gldZdih^Zjhd\Zr_fmkhagZgbxdhlhjh_kh\k_fg_`^_l mki_oZ\ lh`_\j_fyaZf_qZy\k_qlhgm`ghêymki_oZb Zdlb\gh`_eZymki_oZqlh aZklZ\ey_l \Zk klZlv [he__ gZ[ex^Zl_evgufb b qm\kl\bl_evgufb d khklhygbx \Zrbo iZjlg_jh\ \ h[s_gbb L_i_jv \u[_jbl_ kZfuc m^h[guc fhf_gl êy \ha\jZs_gby d khklhygbx [h^jkl\h\Zgby k hsms_gb_f e_]dhklb k\_`_klb ijbeb\Z kbe h[gh\e_gghklb b gh\h]h ihgbfZgby <hafh`gh wlbf fhf_glhf [m^_l lZdhc fhf_gl dh]^Z y ^hkqblZx ^h iylb b \u mkeurbl_ pbnjm iylv H^bg ^\Z ljb q_luj_ Iylv Wg_j]bqgh ihlygbl_kv JZ^ kgh\Z h[sZlvky k \Zrbf khagZgb_f GZkdhevdh y ihgbfZx \u ohl_eb _s_ b kjZ\gblv k\hb \i_qZle_gby b hsms_gby hl hnbpbZevgh]h gZ\_^_gby]em[hdh]hljZgkZb hl\ZrbomijZ`g_gbck iZjlg_jZfbgZk_fbgZj_Fh]m\Zk aZ\_jblv qlh gZ k_fbgZj_ fgh]b_ ba \Zk ^h[b\Zebkv lZdh]h `_ khklhygby gh g_ \k_]^Z fh]ebaZf_lblvwlhb g_\k_]^Zfh]ebihf_klblvk\hcmki_o\ ihôh^ysbcdhgl_dklB q_f kdhj__ \u ihcf_l_ qlh \u m`_ kfh]eb ^h[blvky mki_oZ l_f mki_rg__ \u gZqg_l_ ijbf_gylvihemq_ggu_gZ\udb

A вы пробовали гипноз?

Related documents

Products

Support

A вы пробовали гипноз?

Related documents

Add this document to collection(s)

Add this document to saved

Suggest us how to improve StudyLib