Механизм возникновения циклонических возмущений в области

Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ
ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ȼɁɄ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɧɧɟɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ
ɂ.ȼ. Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ 1, ɇ.Ɇ. Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ 2, Ʉ.Ƚ. Ɉɪɥɨɜ 1, ȼ.ɋ. Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ 1, Ɉ.ȼ. Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ 1
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ɉɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ, (ɉȽɂ Ʉɇɐ ɊȺɇ)
184209, ɝ. Ⱥɩɚɬɢɬɵ Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ., ɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ, 26ɚ
E-mail: [email protected];
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ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ (ɂɄɂ ɊȺɇ)
117997, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ 84/32
E-mail: [email protected]
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ 3-ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɯɪɟɣ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ (ȼɁɄ). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ c ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɚɩɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɥɶɞɚ ɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɟɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɶɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɲɚɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚɞ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɦ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ: ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 15 ɤɦ, 32 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚ
ɩɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ ɢ 25 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ; ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ 200 ɦ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɢ 0.04 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɭ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ
ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɟɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ — ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ GLOBAL–Field (http://www.iki.rssi.ru). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ʋ16 ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ
ɜɚɠɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɨɜ
ɧɚɞ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɣ – ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɨ ɛɵ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ.
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ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ
ɩɨɥɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɩɨɥɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɬɟɧ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɤɦ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɟɦ ɪɚɧɟɟ.
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ [1, 2] ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɡɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɢɯɪɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɚ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɠɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ. ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ – ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ [3] ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ GLOBAL-Field (http://www.iki.rssi.ru), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ–ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ 3–ɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ–
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ–ɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɚɩɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɥɶɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɟɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɶɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ
ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ
ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ – ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɞɨ 10-15 ɦ/ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ (ȼɁɄ) ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ȼɁɄ: ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 3 ɤɦ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ, ɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3 ɤɦ – ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɡɨɧɵ; ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ȼɁɄ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɜɟɪɯ; ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɬɪɚ – ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ.
113
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ 3-ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ [4], ɝɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɩɥɵɦ ɩɹɬɧɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɩɪɢ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɢ ɜ [5], ɝɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ
ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ – ɢɡ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɢɡ ɦɢɤɪɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɶɞɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɚɩɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɥɶɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɮɟɪɚɦɢ (ɫ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚɦɢ 0.1 ɦɦ ɢ 0.03 ɦɦ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ), ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ
ɢ
, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵ-
ɦɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɋɬɨɤɫɚ ɫ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɨɣ Ʉɚɧɧɢɝɷɦɚ. ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɤɚɯ; ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ
ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɶ ɢɡ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɢ
,ɚ
ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɶ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɶɞɚ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɢ
ɉɪɢ
.
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɥɶɞɚ, ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬ ɜɫɟ ɤɚɩɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ
ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ
,
ɝɞɟ
– ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ
, ɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
(1)
ɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ-
ɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ
ɩɪɢ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɝɞɟ
,
,
,
– ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ,
ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɶɞɚ ɩɪɢ
,ɚ
ɢ
ɢ
– ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ
– ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ
ɥɶɞɚ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ (1), ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ.
ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɡɥɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ:
ɬɭɪɚ,
ɢ
– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ,
114
– ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
– 3-ɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ,
ɢ
– ɨɛɳɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɶɞɚ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢ-
ɰɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ, ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ 3-ɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ
,
(2)
,
(3)
,
(4)
.
Ɂɞɟɫɶ
– ɬɟɧɡɨɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ
,
– ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ,
ɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ, ɚ
– ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ,
(5)
ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ,
– ɬɟɧɡɨɪ ɜɹɡ-
– ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɫɢɥ, ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɥ ɬɹɠɟ-
ɫɬɢ, Ʉɨɪɢɨɥɢɫɚ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɮɟɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ
Ɂɟɦɥɢ,
ɧɟ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɍɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ
, ɝɞɟ
ɥɸɫɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ,
– ɟɝɨ ɞɥɢɧɚ,
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ
– ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨ-
– ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɞɨ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ,
– ɪɚɞɢɭɫ Ɂɟɦɥɢ,
ɜɹɡɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ
– ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ. Ɍɟɧɡɨɪ
ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɜɢɚɬɨɪ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɬɟɧɡɨɪɚ
ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ
ɬɟɧɡɨɪ,
– ɫɥɟɞ ɬɟɧɡɨɪɚ
, ɝɞɟ
,
– ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ
– ɬɟɧɡɨɪ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɚ
,
–
ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɧɡɨɪ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɲɚɝɚ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ Ɋɢɱɚɪɞɫɨɧɚ [6], ɤɚɤ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ Ɂɟɦɥɢ [7]. ɉɨɥɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ
ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ
ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɪɚ
ɩɨ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ
,
,
,
.
115
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ (5) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɩɥɚ,
– ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɧɡɨɪ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ
– ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
– ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ-ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ-ɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɜɟɞɟɧ ɛɥɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ [8]).
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɲɚɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚɞ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɦ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 15 ɤɦ, ɩɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 32°, ɚ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 25°. ɘɠɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɨɬ 5° ɸɠɧɨɣ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɞɨ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɤɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ 200 ɦ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɢ 0.04° ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (2)–(5) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɹɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ – ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɹɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [9, 10]. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɧɨɣ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ [11] ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɟɛɹ ɡɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ.
ɇɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ: ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɢɩɚɧɢɹ
ɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ
; ɭɫ-
; ɩɨɬɨɤ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɢ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ 4–ɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 25°ɋ). ɇɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ: ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɭɥɟɜɚɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
(ɧɟɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ), ɧɭɥɟɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɨɬ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
(ɩɪɨɫɤɚɥɶɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ) ɢ ɨɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ .
ɇɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɢ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ. ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɧɭɥɸ, ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ – 5ɦ/ɫ (ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞ). ɇɚ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɧɢɠɟ 3 ɤɦ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 3 ɤɦ ɷɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ, ɜɵɲɟ 3 ɤɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɧɭɥɸ 1–ɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ
ɷɬɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ. ȼ ɬɟɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɝɞɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɜɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ, ɚ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɝɞɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ
ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɭɥɸ 1-ɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ.
116
ɇɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɥɶɞɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
ȼɁɄ. Ɂɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ
ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ȼɁɄ. Ɇɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ȼɁɄ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɦɟɧɟɟ
3 ɤɦ ɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ȼɁɄ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3 ɤɦ. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ. ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɧɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ȼɁɄ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ, ɚ ɧɚɞ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɜɟɪɯ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ȼɁɄ. ɇɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢ ɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɬ
ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
ȼɁɄ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ȼɁɄ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɦɢ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ
ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɶɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɧɭɥɸ
ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ, ɚ ɟɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ NRLMSISE–
00 [12] ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ NRLMSISE–00
ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ
ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɯ ȼɁɄ
ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚɞ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ ȼɁɄ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ȼɁɄ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɡɝɢɛ –
ɜɵɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 800–1000 ɤɦ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 300 ɤɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɨɧ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ȼɁɄ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɤɥɨɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ, ɱɟɦ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɨɧ, ɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ȼɁɄ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɸɠɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
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ɥɢɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ ȼɁɄ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ȼɁɄ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ȼɁɄ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ: ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ (ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 1), ɸɠɧɟɟ
(ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ) ɢɥɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ (ɜɧɢɡɭ).
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ (ɦ/ɫ) ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 600 ɦ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ,
ɱɟɪɟɡ 12 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 27 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ) ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ȼɁɄ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ,
ɸɠɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ (ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ)
ȼ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ (ɦ/ɫ) ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 600 ɦ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ; ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ – ɬɟ ɠɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 12 ɢ 27 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɋɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɰɜɟɬ – ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ (ɰɜɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɲɤɚɥɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɪɢɫ. 1, ɬɚɦ ɠɟ – ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ). ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ȼɁɄ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ
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ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ (ɠɟɥɬɨ–ɤɪɚɫɧɭɸ) ɫ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɦ ɢ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ 27 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɜɢɞɟɧ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɢɯɪɶ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ
5–6°ɫ.ɲ. ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 14° ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɢɯɪɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ 15–20 ɦ/ɫ, ɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɜɢɯɪɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 700–1000 ɤɦ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ ȼɁɄ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟ-
ɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ȼɁɄ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ
800–1000 ɤɦ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
300 ɤɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɨɧɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ȼɁɄ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɵ, ɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ȼɁɄ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ ȼɁɄ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɭɬɨɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɚɪɨɣ ɜɢɯɪɟɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ-ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɢɡɝɢɛ ȼɁɄ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ, ɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ – ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɡɝɢɛ ȼɁɄ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ
ɧɚ ɸɝ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. ɪɢɫ. 1.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɍɨ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ȼɁɄ ɫ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ, ɚ ɢɡɝɢɛ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɸɝ (ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ)
ɇɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 27 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɢɯɪɢ. ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɰɟɧɬɪ
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ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ~5,5°ɫ.ɲ. ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 11° ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 11°ɫ.ɲ. ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 17° ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɰɟɧɬɪ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 3.5°ɫ.ɲ. ɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ 17.5° ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 11.5°ɫ.ɲ. ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 12° ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 700 ɤɦ, ɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ 15–20 ɦ/ɫ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ–ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧ (ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ) ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ – ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ GLOBAL–Field (ɞɜɚ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ 0,5×0,5° ɩɨ
ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ 1995–2007 ɝɝ.), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ–ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɥɚɝɨ- ɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. ȼɨɞɹɧɨɣ
ɩɚɪ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨ- ɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɦɢ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɜɦɨɪɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɫɫɟɪ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ [13, 14] ɢ ɫ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ [15-17].
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ 90°ɫ.ɲ. í 30°ɸ.ɲ., 120°ɡ.ɞ. í 30°ɜ.ɞ. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɪɤɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ; ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɲɤɚɥɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ. Ɋɚɡɧɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ
ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ 2005 ɝ. – ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɜɲɢɯ ɧɚɞ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɳɢɯ ɜɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɚɪ: ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ
120
ɮɪɨɧɬ; ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɁɄ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ ɨɬ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɬ 3 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ, 29 ɢɸɧɹ ɢ 3 ɢɸɥɹ 2005 ɝ. (ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ)
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɬ 3–6 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 2005 ɝ.
Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ – ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ȼɁɄ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ
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ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɨɩɢɤɢ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɬɵ ɢ ȼɁɄ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɚɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɣ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. Ⱦɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɢɸɧɹ – ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɸɥɹ. ȼɁɄ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɚ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɵ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ. ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ȼɁɄ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɢ
ɢɡɝɢɛɵ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɢ ɧɟɞɨɥɝɨ ɠɢɜɭɳɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ) ɜɢɯɪɢ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɹ ɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ ɢ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɵ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ȼɁɄ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɭɬɤɢ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ, ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɞ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɡɝɢɛ ȼɁɄ, ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɧɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɜɢɯɪɶ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞ) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ȼɁɄ, ɬɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɢɡɝɢɛɨɜ
ȼɁɄ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɢɩ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ȼɁɄ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 800–1000 ɤɦ
ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 300 ɤɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɨɧ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ȼɁɄ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɤɥɨɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ, ɱɟɦ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɫɤɥɨɧ, ɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ȼɁɄ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɸɠɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ȼɁɄ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ȼɁɄ ɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɢɩ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ȼɁɄ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 800–1000 ɤɦ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 300 ɤɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ȼɁɄ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ – ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɢɯɪɟɜɨɟ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ. Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ 600 ɤɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɧɢɯ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 15–20 ɦ/ɫ.
122
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɝɢɛɚ ȼɁɄ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɧ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ “Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ:
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ”.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
Rotunno R., and Emanuel K.A. An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part II. //
J. Atmos. Sci., 1987. V. 44, P. 542–561.
2.
Emanuel K.A. Genesis and maintenance of «Mediterranean hurricanes». // Advances in
Geosciences, 2005. V. 2, P. 217–220.
3.
Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ, Ɋɚɟɜ Ɇ.Ⱦ., ɒɚɪɤɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɤɟɚɧ – ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ // ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 2006, ʋ 3. ɋ. 64-69.
4.
Ȼɟɥɨɰɟɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.Ɇ., Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ ɂ.ȼ., Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ ȼ.ɋ., Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ Ɉ.ȼ., Ɉɩɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɉ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɪɹ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ. // ȾȺɇ, 2006, Ɍ. 410, 6, ɫ. 816–820.
5.
Ȼɟɥɨɰɟɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.Ɇ., Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ ɂ.ȼ., Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ ȼ.ɋ., Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ Ɉ.ȼ., Ɉɩɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.Ɇ., ɑɟɱɟɬɤɢɧ ȼ.Ɇ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɜɢɯɪɟɣ ɜ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ // Ʉɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, 2009, Ɍ.
47, 6, ɫ. 501–514.
6.
Ɉɛɭɯɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ʌ.: Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ, 1988.
413ɫ.
7.
Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ ɂ.ȼ., Ɇɢɧɝɚɥɟɜ ȼ.ɋ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. // Ɇɚɬ. ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, 2005, Ɍ.
17, 5, ɫ. 24–40.
8.
Ɍɪɨɰɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɇ., Ɏɨɦɢɧ Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡɜ. Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ, ɎȺɈ, 1989, Ɍ. 25,
1, ɫ. 106–109.
9.
Ɉɩɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ. // ɇɨɜɨɟ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ: ɚɥɝɨ123
ɪɢɬɦɵ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2000.
10. Ȼɟɥɨɰɟɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.Ɇ., Ʉɪɚɝɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ʌ.Ɇ., Ɉɩɚɪɢɧ A.M. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ. // ɀȼɆ ɢ ɆɎ, 2003, Ɍ. 43, 11, ɫɬɪ. 1744–1758.
11. Ȼɟɥɨɰɟɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.Ɇ., Ƚɭɳɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɧɶɲɢɧ ȼ.ɇ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ. // ɀȼɆ ɢ
ɆɎ, 1987, Ɍ. 27, ɋ. 594.
12. Picone J.M., Hedin A.E., Drob D.P., and Aikin A.C. NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the
atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues. // J. Geophys. Res., 2002. V. 107,
No. A12, P. 1468–1483.
13. Ƚɪɚɧɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ƚ., Ɇɢɥɶɲɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɤɟɚɧ – ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ
ɫ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ. Ɇ.: Ɏɢɡɦɚɬɥɢɬ, 2004.
168 ɫ.
14. Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ., Ɋɚɟɜ Ɇ.Ⱦ., ɒɚɪɤɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ //
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 2008. ʋ 5. ɋ. 9-15.
15. Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ., ɒɚɪɤɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɍɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɚ ALBERTO ɨɬ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ: ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ //
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 2008. ʋ 6. ɋ. 60-66.
16. Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ., Ɋɚɟɜ Ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɵ // ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 2009. ʋ 6. ɋ. 16-23.
17. Ⱥɫɬɚɮɶɟɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ., ɏɚɣɪɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ƚ.Ɋ. ɉɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɜ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ // ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ,
2010. ʋ 3. (ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ).
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The mechanism of formation of cyclonic vortices
in the intratropical zone of convergence
and their early detection
I.V. Mingalev 1, N.M. Astafieva 2, K.G. Orlov 1, V.S. Mingalev 1, O.V. Mingalev 1
1
Polar Geophysical Institute of RAS, (PGI RAS),
184209 Murmansk region, Apatity, Academgorodok 26a,
E-mail: [email protected];
2
Space Research Institute of RAS, (IKI RAS)
117997 Moskow, Profsojuznaja 84/32
E-mail: [email protected]
On the basis of the 3-dimensional model of atmosphere circulation created by authors mechanisms of formation of
cyclonic vortices in tropical atmosphere of the Earth in the field of an intratropical zone of convergence (IZC) are
investigated. The model is based on numerical solving of full gas dynamic equations and produces three-imensional
distributions of the wind components, temperature, air density, water vapor density, concentration of microdrops of
water, and concentration of ice particles in the height range from 0 to 15 km over a limited region of the Earth's surface. The dimensions of this region in longitudinal and latitudinal directions are 32° and 25°, respectively. This
model takes into account heating/cooling of the air due to absorption/emission of infrared radiation, as well as due to
phase transitions of water vapor to microdrops of water and ice particles, which play an important role. The finitedifference method and explicit scheme are applied for solving the system of governing equations. The calculated
parameters are determined on a uniform grid. The latitude step and longitude step are equal to 0.04° and height step
is equal to 200 m. Observations of the dominating air streams formed in an IZC over northern Atlantic during the
periods of its greatest thermodynamic intensity and instability are used in initial and boundary conditions of model.
Comparison of numerical results with data of microwave satellite monitoring - global radio thermal fields of the
Earth from electronic collection GLOBAL-Field (<http://www.iki.rssi.ru>) is presented. It is shown, that cyclonic
vortices arise at enough strong bends of IZC and only at the account vertical and meridional transport of air in the
initial and boundary conditions. Work is executed at support of the Program ʋ16 Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Keywords: atmosphere circulation, cyclonic vortices, numerical modeling, microwave satellite monitoring, global
radio thermal fields.
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