Влияние тропического циклона на верхнюю ионосферу

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɨ. ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ
Ʌ.Ȼ. ȼɚɧɢɧɚ-Ⱦɚɪɬ 1 , Ⱥ.Ⱥ.Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜ 2, ȿ. Ⱥ. ɒɚɪɤɨɜ 1
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ,
117997 Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ 84/32
E-mails: [email protected],
[email protected];
2
ɎȽɍɉ "Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ",
111250, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɭɥ. Ⱥɜɢɚɦɨɬɨɪɧɚɹ,
ȿ-mail: [email protected]
1
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɧɨɹɛɪɶ 2007 ɝ., ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɞ 3
ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ: ɘɠɧɨɫɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤ (46° 57ƍ 0Ǝ N, 142° 44ƍ 0Ǝ E), ɉɨɪɨɧɚɣɫɤ (49° 13ƍ 0Ǝ N, 143° 6ƍ 0Ǝ E) ɢ ɇɨɝɥɢɤɢ
(51° 49ƍ 0Ǝ N, 143° 7ƍ 0Ǝ E) ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ Ɍɐ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɥɨɹ F2 ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 3000 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ
ɜ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ɍɐ (ɜ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ) ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 1-2
ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ foF2. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ Ɍɐ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɬɧɵɦ» (ɜ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ) ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ, ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɥɨɹ F2
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨ-ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ
ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɤɟ. ɂɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɚ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ɉɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ( ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ, ɜɭɥɤɚɧɵ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ (ɝɪɨɡɵ, ɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ, ɲɤɜɚɥɵ, ɭɪɚɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). Ⱥ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ.
Ɍɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ [1-4], ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ
[5-7] ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ [8], ɬɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [9] ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɟɧ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ Ɍɐ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ (ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ
ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ D). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
173
ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ, ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ȽɅɈɇȺɋɋ ɢ GPS.
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ, ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɮɚɡɭ, ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ – ɜ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɭɸ (ɫɦ. ɩ.1.1.).
ɂɬɚɤ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ Ɍɐ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɞ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ ɡɚ 2007 ɝ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɞ 3 ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ: ɘɠɧɨɫɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤ (ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ: 46° 57ƍ 0Ǝ N,
142° 44ƍ 0Ǝ E), ɉɨɪɨɧɚɣɫɤ (49° 13ƍ 0Ǝ N, 143° 6ƍ 0Ǝ E) ɢ ɇɨɝɥɢɤɢ (51° 49ƍ 0Ǝ N, 143° 7ƍ 0Ǝ E).
1. Ȼɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
1.1. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɊɌ-ɪɚɞɢɨɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ [10-11] ɞɥɹ ɮɚɡ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɪɚɞɢɨɜɨɥɧ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɬɢɤɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɚɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɵ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ne ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɨɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɣ ȣ:
(1)
,
ɝɞɟ O – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ, re – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚ, w=kc,
k- ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, c – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ³ dV – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɚɦɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɡ I = Ɏ0-Ɏ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ȥ – ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ Ȥ = ln(A/A0)
ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ (ȿ = A0ɟɯɪ(iɎ)) ɢ ɩɨɥɹ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ (ȿ = A0ɟɯɪ(iɎ0)).
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ ɜɢɞɚ (1), ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ [10], ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɚɡɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ne ~ 1012 ɦ-3, Ȝ = 2 ɦ, ɢ ɞɥɢɧ ɥɭɱɚ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ I ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɧ.
Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɨɫɬɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɚɧɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ I0 = 2ʌn, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ (ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 2ʌ) 'I ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ (ɩɨɥɧɭɸ) I = I0+'I ɢɥɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ (1) [10-11].
174
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [10-11] ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ dI/dt (ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɭ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ). ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ, ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɮɚɡɭ, ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ –
ɜ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɭɸ. ȼ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɨɬɟɧ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 100 ɤɦ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
4-6 % ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ [10-11]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ [10-12].
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɨɜ ɜɢɞɚ (1) ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ (ɋɅɍ) Ax=b, ɝɞɟ
A – ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ, b – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ x – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
[11], ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɫɥɨɟ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ:
(2)
ɝɞɟ ym – ɩɨɥɭɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɹ, ɚ hm ɢ Nm – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɨɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ.
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ [11] ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ
ɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ 'h ɨɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɫ ɭɝɥɨɦ T0 ɤ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ:
(3)
Ƚɞɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ,
f0 =— (reNemc2)/(3cos2T0 ) - ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟ– ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡ (1.6) ɩɪɢ
,
5-25 ɤɦ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ
1-5 ɤɦ.
175
=5-10 ɆȽɰ, =150 ɆȽɰ,
=150 ɤɦ,
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ (3), ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ne ɜɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ
= 20-10 ɤɦ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ Ne ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ, ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ȽɅɈɇȺɋɋ ɢ GPS.
1.2. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ [13], ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ [12] ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [12-13].
Ɉɲɢɛɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ [11]:
¦ (F
i
G2
F~i ) 2
i
¦F
2
; Gm
i
max Fi F~i
i
max Fi
, ɝɞɟ F - ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ F~ - ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
i
i
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ) ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ į2 = 0.08 ɢ įm = 0.10 ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ.
1.3.Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɬɢ
ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨ. ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ [12-13].
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨ-ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
176
(ɪɢɫ. 1). ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɡɨɧɞɨɦ ȼɚɤɤɚɧɚɣ (Wakkanai), ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɨ. ɏɨɤɤɚɣɞɨ, ɜ 150 ɤɦ ɤ ɸɝɭ ɨɬ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ,
ɫ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 29.07.2007 0:30
(ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ) ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɨ. ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (foF2), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɨɧɨɡɨɧɞɚ ȼɚɤɤɚɧɚɣ
177
ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ 90 ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, 50 ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ-ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ 2007 ɝ., ɢ 40 ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ 2008 ɝ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɨɧɨɡɨɧɞɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɡɨɧɞɚ
ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ foF2.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ foF2, ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɧɟɜɹɡɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 15%, į2 = 0.13. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ R=0.84.
ɗɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɡɨɧɞɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ
(į2 = 0.9-0.11) [11].
ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɢ
ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɫ
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ F2 ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ: ɡɟɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ ( ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɬɨɤ), ɫɟɡɨɧɚ,
ɝɟɥɢɨɝɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. Ⱥ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ, ɦɵ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɚ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ-ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [14-17] ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ:
• ɂɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ
ɩɥɚɡɦɵ (ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ), ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɚ
1-5 ɫɭɬɨɤ.
• Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 4-6 ɱɚɫɨɜ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ~ 12 ɱ.
• ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ (15%-25%), ɧɨ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 100%.
• Ɂɧɚɤ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɉɨ
ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɷɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ.
• Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɫɥɨɹ F2
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɭɞɵ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ.
178
• ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ
ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɷɩɢɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [ 18] ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɩɢɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɡɚ 3-5 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɟ ɫɥɨɹ F2 ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɟɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚ 1-3 ɫɭɬɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ (ɡɚ 1-2 ɫɭɬɨɤ), ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ Ɍɐ ɧɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ, ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɨ
ɨɬɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 4 ɫɟɪɢɢ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɝɟɥɢɨɝɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ: ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ F10.7 , ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɝɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ Dst
ɢ Ʉɪ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɟɥɢɨɝɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ F2 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ1. Ƚɟɥɢɨɝɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɬɚ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ Ne,
ɞɞ.ɦɦ.ɝɝ
05.11.07
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ Ne,
UT
02.25
F10.7,
ɫ.ɟ.ɩ.
03.50
66
67
23.06
1
5
0
8
68
03.24
01.45
11.11.07
0
2
02.05
08.11.07
Kp
-2
21.17
07.11.07
Dst,
ɧɌ
11
0
-1
68
02.57
-2
0
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ F2 ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɨɱɚɝɨɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
(ɫɦ.ɜɵɲɟ), ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2 ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɟɯ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ
www.sakhmeteo.ru ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
179
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ
ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɬɚ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ Ne,
ɞɞ.ɦɦ
Ⱦɚɬɚ, ɞɞ.ɦɦ
ɒɢɪɨɬɚ, ɜ ɝɪɚɞ.
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɬɚ, ɜ ɝɪɚɞ.
Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɭɞɚ
05.11
14.11
-22.6
72
7.5
07.11
14.11
-22.6
72
7.5
08.11
14.11
-22.6
72
7.5
11.11
14.11
-22.6
72
7.5
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɢ
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ
ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɫɚɦɵɯ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɤ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ Ɍɐ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ Ɍɐ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/. Ɇɵ ɠɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɬɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ Ɍɐ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɚɬɭ
(ɢɥɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ) ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɬɚ
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ Ne,
ɞɞ.ɦɦ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ Ɍɐ
ɒɢɪɨɬɚ, ɜ ɝɪɚɞ.
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɬɚ, ɜ ɝɪɚɞ.
ȼɪɟɦɹ,
ɦɦ/ɞɞ/ɱɱ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ,
ɭɡɟɥ
ɋɬɚɞɢɹ Ɍɐ
05.11
16.80
122.5
11/04/12
33
T-1
07.11
18.00
116.2
11/07/06
33
T-1
08.11
16.80
114.1
11/08/00
21
TS
11.11
20.00
139.9
11/11/06
15
TD
Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɵ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ 5,7, 8 ɢ 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɟɡɨɧ, ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ.Ɍɚɤɠɟ 5, 8 ɢ 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ Ne ɨɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ – ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɭɞɧɸ. Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɟɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɱɶ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ ɜ Ʉȼ –ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ) ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤ ɩɨɦɟɯɚɦ
ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɲɢɪɨɬ 450-530 (ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ).
180
Ɋɢɫ.3. ɒɢɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ foF2, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ 5 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. ɧɚɞ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ
5 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 1 ɱɚɫ 25 ɦɢɧ (ɪɢɫ.3). ȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɲɢɪɨɬ
450-530 foF2 ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ 12.25 LT, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ 13.50 LT ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
5.04 ɢ 3.98. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 5.47 (ɜ 12.25) ɢ 4.09 (ɜ 13.50).
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ 2 ɫɟɪɢɣ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
R=0.38(ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ -18). Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.3 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ foF2 (ɫɩɥɨɲɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 12.25 LT , ɲɪɢɯ-ɥɢɧɢɹ – 13.50 LT).
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ IRI2007 (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/vitmo/iri_vitmo.html). Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɤɫɩɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɚ ɫɚɦɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ, ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ.
7 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ (ɪɢɫ.4) ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 1 ɱɚɫ 49 ɦɢɧ. ȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɲɢɪɨɬ 45 -530 foF2 ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ 2.90 ɢ 4.03. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭ0
ɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 3.07 (ɜ 07.17) ɢ 4.35 (ɜ 09.06). R=0.16(ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ -17).
8 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 1 ɱɚɫ 19 ɦɢɧ. ȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 450-530 Ne
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ 12.05 LT, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ 13.24 ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ 5.33 ɢ 4.63. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ
ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 5.74 (ɜ 12.05) ɢ 5.0 (ɜ 13.24). R=0.94 (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ -18).
181
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɒɢɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
foF2, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ 7 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. ɧɚɞ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ
Ɋɢɫ.5. ɒɢɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
foF2, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ 8 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. ɧɚɞ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ
182
11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ (ɪɢɫ.6) ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 1 ɱɚɫ 12 ɦɢɧ. ȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɲɢɪɨɬ 45-53 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ foF2 ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ 11.45 LT, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ 12.57 ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
5.25 ɢ 4.81. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 5.39 (ɜ 11.45) ɢ 5.46
(ɜ 12.57). R=0.26 (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ -18).
Ɋɢɫ.6. ɒɢɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
foF2, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. ɧɚɞ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.7 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ foF2 (ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɭɞɧɹ) ɨɬ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ 5, 8, 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. Ʉɚɤ ɦɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢ ɜɵɲɟ, ɤɪɢɜɚɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ 13.50 LT 5 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ (ɝɞɟ-ɬɨ ɜ 1.5ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ). ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ foF2, ɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ.
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ 5 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ Ɍɐ ɜ 1 ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ 30 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ ɸɠɧɟɟ ɢ 20 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɟɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɬɨɪɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɥɨɹ F2 ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ
ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 51,50 ɫ.ɲ.ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ 1,35 ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 470 ɫ.ɲ.ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜ 1,15. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.6 ɢ 7 ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ («ɜɡɞɭɬɢɹ»),
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ. ɋɴɟɦɤɚ,ɤɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɱɭɬɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɱɚɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ 11.45 LT ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ (ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 10
183
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ) ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 470 ɞɨ 540 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ ɫ.ɲ.
ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 480, ɡɚɬɨ ɜ 12.57 LT-ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ 3 ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɵɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɧɚ
ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 450, 500 ɢ 530. ɂ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 360. – ɱɬɨ,ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ. Ⱥ ɜɟɞɶ 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɨɲɟɥ
ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɤ ɡɨɧɟ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 250-300 ɸɠɧɟɟ.
Ɋɢɫ.7. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
foF2, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ 5,8,11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. ɧɚɞ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 3-6
ɜɢɞɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɚɧɢɣ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ.
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ 5 ɢ 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɚɛɥ. 4 ɢ 5 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ Ɍɐ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɲɬɨɪɦɚ, ɧɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɡɚ ɫɭɬɤɢ – ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ Ɍɐ-1 (ɨɤɨɥɨ 1210 ȿ.).Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ,ɱɬɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɣ Ɍɐ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 1330ȿ.
184
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ 1-10 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ.
ɧɚɞ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
132.90
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɞɞ/ɦɦ/ɱɱ(UT)
11/01/18Z
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɜɟɬɪɚ,
ɭɡɟɥ
15
18.00
132.60
11/02/00Z
3
18.30
132.30
4
18.50
5
N
ɲɢɪɨɬɚ,
ɝɪɚɞ.
ɞɨɥɝɨɬɚ,
ɝɪɚɞ.
1
17.70
2
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɦɛɚɪ
ɫɬɚɞɢɹ Ɍɐ
1010
ɌȾ
15
1010
ɌȾ
11/02/06Z
20
1007
ɌȾ
131.40
11/02/12Z
15
1006
ɌȾ
18.80
130.50
11/02/18Z
20
1007
ɌȾ
6
18.40
129.60
11/03/00Z
20
1003
ɌȾ
7
18.20
128.50
11/03/06Z
25
1004
ɌȾ
8
18.10
127.20
11/03/12Z
35
1000
Ɍɒ
9
17.50
126.10
11/03/18Z
45
998
Ɍɒ
10
17.00
124.90
11/04/00Z
50
985
Ɍɒ
11
16.80
123.60
11/04/06Z
60
978
Ɍɒ
12
16.80
122.50
11/04/12Z
65
974
Ɍ-1
13
17.20
120.90
11/04/18Z
65
974
Ɍ-1
14
17.50
120.00
11/05/00Z
55
982
Ɍɒ
15
17.60
119.60
11/05/06Z
55
982
Ɍɒ
16
17.70
119.20
11/05/12Z
55
982
Ɍɒ
17
18.00
118.80
11/05/18Z
60
978
Ɍɒ
18
18.40
118.60
11/06/00Z
70
974
Ɍ-1
19
18.60
118.40
11/06/06Z
75
967
Ɍ-1
20
18.70
118.20
11/06/12Z
75
967
Ɍ-1
21
18.50
117.70
11/06/18Z
75
967
Ɍ-1
22
18.30
117.10
11/07/00Z
70
970
Ɍ-1
23
18.00
116.20
11/07/06Z
65
974
Ɍ-1
24
17.60
115.40
11/07/12Z
55
982
Ɍɒ
25
17.30
114.70
11/07/18Z
50
985
Ɍɒ
26
16.80
114.10
11/08/00Z
40
993
Ɍɒ
27
16.30
113.40
11/08/06Z
35
996
Ɍɒ
28
15.80
112.80
11/08/12Z
35
996
Ɍɒ
29
14.80
112.20
11/08/18Z
35
996
Ɍɒ
30
13.70
111.60
11/09/00Z
30
1000
ɌȾ
31
12.60
111.40
11/09/06Z
25
1004
ɌȾ
32
12.20
111.10
11/09/12Z
25
1004
ɌȾ
33
11.80
110.30
11/09/18Z
25
1004
ɌȾ
34
11.50
109.60
11/10/00Z
20
1007
ɌȾ
35
11.50
108.50
11/10/06Z
20
1007
ɌȾ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ: ɌȾ-ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ, Ɍɒ-ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɲɬɨɪɦ, Ɍ-1, 2 ɢ ɬ.ɞ.-ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ 1 ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
185
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ
9-12 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007ɝ. ɧɚɞ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
N
ɲɢɪɨɬɚ,
ɝɪɚɞ.
ɞɨɥɝɨɬɚ,
ɝɪɚɞ.
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɞɞ/ɦɦ/ɱɱ(UT)
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɜɟɬɪɚ,
ɭɡɟɥ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɦɛɚɪ
ɫɬɚɞɢɹ Ɍɐ
1
16.30
147.70
11/09/06Z
15
1010
ɌȾ
2
17.00
146.00
11/09/12Z
20
1007
ɌȾ
3
17.50
144.60
11/09/18Z
20
1007
ɌȾ
4
18.00
143.40
11/10/00Z
20
1007
ɌȾ
5
18.50
142.20
11/10/06Z
20
1004
ɌȾ
6
18.90
141.40
11/10/12Z
20
1004
ɌȾ
7
19.40
140.60
11/10/18Z
25
1004
ɌȾ
8
19.70
140.20
11/11/00Z
25
1004
ɌȾ
9
20.00
139.90
11/11/06Z
30
1000
ɌȾ
10
20.40
139.90
11/11/12Z
30
1000
ɌȾ
11
21.20
140.6
11/11/18Z
35
996
Ɍɒ
12
22.20
142.00
11/12/00Z
35
996
Ɍɒ
13
23.20
143.60
11/12/06Z
35
996
Ɍɒ
14
24.10
146.00
11/12/12Z
35
996
Ɍɒ
15
26.40
149.70
11/12/18Z
25
1004
ɌȾ
ȿɫɥɢ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɡɪɵɜ ɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ Ɍɐ, ɬɨ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɞɟ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɵ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ [19]. ɇɨ ɜɟɞɶ Ɍɐ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ, ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ «ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɦ» ɢ ɞɨɥɝɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ( ɜ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ). Ɂɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ «ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɨɦ» ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɞɟ.
Ⱥ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ «ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɣ» ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɵ.
ɇɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɨɥɝɨɬ (ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɧɚ 10-20 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɟɟ) ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (ɨɬɛɪɨɫɢɜ ɫɢɫɢɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ) foF2, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.3 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɜ 13.50 LT 5 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɥɨɹ F2 ɛɵɥɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ 1.35 ɪɚɡɚ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [7] ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɞ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [2] ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ
ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ Ne ɝɞɟ-ɬɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɞ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1000 ɤɦ.
ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ foF2 (ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɟ «ɜɡɞɭɬɢɟ») ɜ 11.45 LT
ɨɬ 450 ɞɨ 550 N ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɜ 12.57 LT (ɪɢɫ. 6). 11 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢ186
ɤɥɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 1400 ȿ ( ɚ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ 1470
ȿ). Ɍ.ɟ. ɩɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ Ɍɐ ɩɨɞɨɲɟɥ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦ ɧɚɞ
ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ. ɗɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ [Tian et al., 2009]. ɏɨɬɹ
ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ [Tian et al., 2009] ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɉɗɋ -ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ
ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɫɭɲɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ
ɤ Ɂɟɦɥɟ. ɂɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ: ɞɨ «ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ» ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɟɠɟɦɹɫɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɉɗɋ, ɧɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ «ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ» Ɍɐ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɭɬɤɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ 5 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɥ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɡɚ
ɫɭɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚ 20 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɟɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɫɴɦɨɤ. ɋɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ «ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ» Ɍɐ ɧɚɦ ɛɵ
ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ. ɋɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ɍɐ ɧɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɥɧ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ (ɨɬ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ!) ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɨɹɛɪɟ 2007 ɝ. ɧɚ ɨ.ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɨɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚ 25-300 ɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ ɢ 5-200 ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɟɟ), ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ
foF2 ɧɚ 10-20 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ foF2 ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ «ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ» ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ɍɐ.
Ɇɵ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɜ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ (ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ) ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ Ɍɐ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɬɧɵɦ» ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ, ɯɨɬɹ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ.
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Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜ ɘ.Ɇ., Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ⱥ., Ʉɚɩɭɫɬɢɧɚ Ɉ.ȼ., Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧ Ƚ.ɂ., ɑɟɪɧɟɜɚ ɇ.ȼ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɲɭɦɨɜ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ// Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ. 2005. Ɍ. 45, N 6. ɋ. 824-839
ȼɚɧɢɧɚ-Ⱦɚɪɬ Ʌ.Ȼ., ɉɨɤɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɂ.ȼ., ɒɚɪɤɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ. Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ. 2008.
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ɗ. Ʌ. Ⱥɮɪɚɣɦɨɜɢɱ, ɋ. ȼ. ȼɨɟɣɤɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ȼ. ɂɲɢɧ, ɇ.ɉ. ɉɟɪɟɜɚɥɨɜɚ, ɘ. ə. Ɋɭɠɢɧ. ȼɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚ 5–11 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 2006
ɝ. ɭ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ʉɢɬɚɹ// Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ, 2008. Ɍ.48, N 5. ɋ.
703-708
Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ ȿ.ɋ., Ʉɭɧɢɰɵɧ ȼ.ȿ., Ɍɟɪɟɳɟɧɤɨ ȿ.Ⱦ. Ɏɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ // Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ, 1992. Ɍ. 32, N 1. ɋ.104-110
Ʉɭɧɢɰɵɧ ȼ.ȿ., Ɍɟɪɟɳɟɧɤɨ ȿ.Ⱦ., Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ ȿ.ɋ. Ɋɚɞɢɨɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ɇ.:
ɎɂɁɆȺɌɅɂɌ, 2007
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜ, ɋ.ȼ. Ɍɪɭɫɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜ, ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɪɸɱɤɨɜ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɮɚɡɨɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ// ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 2008. ʋ2. C. 14-20
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foF2 ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɑɭɧɝ-Ʌɢ (ɨ. Ɍɚɣɜɚɧɶ). // Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ, 2002. Ɍ.42. ʋ4. ɋ.435-447
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ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɝɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ // Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ. 1995. Ɍ. 35.ʋ 2.
Effects of typhoon
20. M. Tian, W. JingSong, Y. GuangLin, Y. Tao, P. JinSong, S. YuCheng,
Matsa on on ionospheric TEC, 2009, Chinese Science Bulletin, doi: 10.1007/s11434-0090472-0
Tropical cyclone influence on the higher ionosphere from tomography
sounding data over Sakhalin island
L.B. Vanina-Dart 1 , Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Romanov 2, ȿ. Ⱥ. Sharkov 1
1
Space Research Institute RAN,
117997 Moscow, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya str.
E-mails: [email protected],
[email protected];
2
FGUP " The Russian scientific research institute of
Space instrument making ",
111250, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɭɥ. Ⱥɜɢɚɦɨɬɨɪɧɚɹ,
ȿ-mail: [email protected]
In this paper tomography sounding data taken in November 2007 is considered for following 3 points: Uzhnosahalinsk (46 ° 57 ƍ 0 Ǝ N, 142 ° 44 ƍ 0 Ǝ E), Poronajsk (49 ° 13 ƍ 0 Ǝ N, 143 ° 6 ƍ 0 Ǝ E) and Nogliki (51 ° 49 ƍ 0 Ǝ N, 143
° 7 ƍ 0 Ǝ E). The aim of this research is to find the possible influence of tropical cyclone TC on the higher ionosphere. The results demonstrate that values for critical frequency of F2- layer (as measured at approximately 3000
km from the TC centre in a horizontal plane in a longitudinal direction) fall after several days. Also the foF2 values
increased over 1 or 2 day period near the TC active zone (in a longitudinal direction). Complexities of the morphological analysis of the given phenomenon consist that Ɍɐ is «ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɬɧɵɦ» (in a longitudinal direction, in
much smaller degree in a horizontal direction) and a long-term source of indignation. A major difficulty posed to
our study is that the TC is wide-spread and long-lived.
Keywords: layers interaction, ionosphere, tropical cyclone, tomography sounding, critical frequency of F2-layer
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