ÓÄÊ 577.21 <851> Ðîëü êîíñåðâàòèâíûõ âòîðè÷íûõ ñòðóêòóð â èíòðîíàõ ãåíîâ â ðåãóëÿöèè àëüòåðíàòèâíîãî ñïëàéñèíãà. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíàÿ ïðîâåðêà ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ¾ìèíèãåíîâ¿ 1,2 Ì.Þ. Ïè÷óãèíà 1 1 , Ï.Ì. Ðóáöîâ [email protected] Èíñòèòóò ìîëåêóëÿðíîé áèîëîãèè èì. Â.À. Ýíãåëüãàðäòà ÐÀÍ, 2 Ìîñêîâñêèé ôèçèêî-òåõíè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò (ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò) Àëüòåðíàòèâíûé ñïëàéñèíã èãðàåò âàæíóþ ðîëü â îáåñïå÷åíèè òîíêîé ðåãóëÿöèè ýêñïðåññèè ãåíîâ ýóêàðèîò, à åãî íàðóøåíèÿ ìîãóò áûòü ïðè÷èíîé íàñëåäñòâåííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé. Ìíîãèå âîïðîñû, êàñàþùèåñÿ ðàñïîçíàâàíèÿ ýêçîíîâ è âûáîðà âàðèàíòîâ àëüòåðíàòèâíîãî ñïëàéñèíãà äî ñèõ ïîð îñòàþòñÿ îòêðûòûìè. Âûñîêàÿ âûðîæäåííîñòü íóêëåîòèäíûõ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòåé öèñ-ýëåìåíòîâ ñïëàéñèíãà è áîëüøàÿ ïðîòÿæ¼ííîñòü èíòðîíîâ çàòðóäíÿþò ïðåäñêàçàíèå âîçìîæíûõ ñöåíàðèåâ àëüòåðíàòèâíîãî ñïëàéñèíãà. Îäíèì èç ýëåìåíòîâ, êîòîðûå ìîãóò âëèÿòü íà âûáîð àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ ïóòåé ñïëàéñèíãà, ÿâëÿþòñÿ âòîðè÷íûå ñòðóêòóðû â ïðå-ìÐÍÊ, îáðàçîâàííûå âçàèìîêîìïëåìåíòàðíûìè ó÷àñòêàìè èíòðîíîâ [1]. Êîíñåðâàòèâíûå ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè òàêîãî òèïà îáíàðóæåíû âî ìíîãèõ àëüòåðíàòèâíî ñïëàéñèðóåìûõ ãåíàõ ýóêàðèîò [2, 3]. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíàÿ ïðîâåðêà âëèÿíèÿ òàêèõ ñòðóêòóð íà ñïëàéñèíã âîçìîæíà ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ýêñïðåññèè ¾ìèíèãåíîâ¿ â êóëüòèâèðóåìûõ êëåòêàõ è àíàëèçà ïðîäóêòîâ èõ ñïëàéñèíãà. Òàêîé ïîäõîä áûë óñïåøíî ïðèìåíåí íàìè äëÿ ïðîâåðêè âëèÿíèÿ íà ñïëàéñèíã âòîðè÷íîé ñòðóêòóðû, îáðàçóåìîé ó÷àñòêàìè èíòðîíà 9 (¾áîêñû 1 è 2¿) ãåíà ôàêòîðà ñïëàéñèíãà SF1 ÷åëîâåêà. Ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñèñòåìû ýêñïðåññèè ìèíèãåíà SF1 â êëåòêàõ HEK293 ÷åëîâåêà ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ââåäåíèå ìóòàöèé, ñíèæàþùèõ ñòàáèëüíîñòü ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ äóïëåêñîâ ¾áîêñ 1 áîêñ 2¿, ñìåùàåò àêöåïòîðíûé ñàéò ñïëàéñèíãà â 3'-íàïðàâëåíèè íà 21 íóêëåîòèäó, à âîññòàíîâëåíèå êîìïëåìåíòàðíîñòè ¾áîêñîâ¿ ïóòåì ââåäåíèÿ êîìïåíñèðóþùèõ ìóòàöèé âîññòàíàâëèâàåò íîðìàëüíûé õàðàêòåð ñïëàéñèíãà [3]. Ñìåùåíèå àêöåïòîðíîãî ñàéòà ñïëàéñèíãà âåäåò ê óäàëåíèþ èç áåëêà îëèãîïåïòèäà 361-SLMSTTQ-367, ñîäåðæàùåãî îñòàòêè ñåðèíà è òðåîíèíà, êîòîðûå òåîðåòè÷åñêè ìîãóò áûòü ñàéòàìè ôîñôîðèëèðîâàíèÿ ñåðèí/òðåîíèíîâûõ ïðîòåèíêèíàç [4]. Ïîäõîä ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ýêñïðåññèè ¾ìèíèãåíîâ¿ â êëåòêàõ HEK293 èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íàìè äëÿ ïðîâåðêè âëèÿíèÿ âòîðè÷íûõ ñòðóêòóð íà ñïëàéñèíã äðóãèõ ãåíîâ ÷åëîâåêà SLC39A7, HNRNPK, PRPF39, SRSF7, ZFX, ZNF384. Ëèòåðàòóðà 1. Warf M., Berglund J. Role of RNA structure in regulating pre-mRNA splicing // Trends Biochem. Sci. 2010. V. 35. P. 169178. 2. Raker V.A., Mironov A.A., Gelfand M.S., Pervouchine D. D. Modulation of alternative splicing by long-range RNA structures in Drosophila // Nucleic Acids Res. 2009. V. 37. P. 45334544. 1 3. 4. 2 Pervouchine D.D., Khrameeva E.E., Pichugina M.Yu., Nikolaienko O.V., Gelfand M.S., Rubtsov P.M., Mironov A.A. Evidence for widespread association of mammalian splicing and conserved long-range RNA structures // RNA. 2012. V. 18. P. 1 15. Sequence- and structure-based prediction of eukaryotic protein phosphorylation sites // J. Mol. Biol. 1999. V. 294. P. 13511362. Bloom N., Gammeltoft S., Brunak S.