Яборов В.Т. Особенности трансформации лесных экосистем

advertisement
630*182
.,
,
(
)
.
60
-
,
,
-
/
(
").
:
,
,
-
,
Yaborov V.T.
FEATURES OF TRANSFORMATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
In the article the features of transformation (disturbance) of forest ecosystems as a result of anthropogenic and natural factors are considered. The total forest coverage of the Amur region with anthropogenic factors for more than 60 years which have made the deepest changes in forest cover is
shown here.
The main objective is to give up-to-date understanding of forests disturbance, to show the dynamics of forest development by shifts/succession types and assess the level of transformation of forest resources (the level of threat and degree of forest cover damage).
KEYWORDS: FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST DISTURBANCE, ANTHROPOGENIC
AND NATURAL FACTORS SUCCESSION
,
,
-
–
,
-
,
,
.
.
-
,
,
,
,
,
(
,
),
-
.
,
:
.
-
,
[1].
,
,
,
(
5
).
200 – 400
70%
2
,
-
,
,
-
,
,
-
.
,
)
(
-
-
.
,
,
-
.
56
:
.
,
(
)
-
,
(
)
)
-
.
–
,
-
500
2000
-
.
(
),
–
,
( -
(
-
)
),
. 1.
(
,
)
.
,
.1).
-
.
,
,
(
,
)–
-
,
,
,
.
,
,
-
,
,
.
[2]:
1.
.
-
)
:
-
(
;
)
,
25– 40
,– 20 – 25
;
.
,
.
10-
30%.
2.
,
-
,
,
(
,
).
,
–
,
-
:
3.
.
– 60–100
– 40-70
.
– 31-75%.
,
.
,
-
57
,
.
–
,
75 %.
-
,
-
,
.
-
,
,
.
.
,
.
01.01 2003)
46,1,
1919 .
2010 .
556,6
,
(
60
– 39,6.
. 1).
2010 .– 7,9).
(1503
.).
.
20 ., 681,6
.
22%
(1946-2005 .)
– 21
.
-
(46,1%)
-
,
-
,
.
.
1
1946–2005
.
-
3
.
,
,
198,1
2480
,
.
295
.
2824
-
,
,
.
.
5599
47,1
%
22
,
,
.
-
,
(
)
.
,
(
-
.
5.
.
,
)
[2]:
,
1.
,
),
,
,
( -
).
,
,
-
.
2.
.
.
-
,
,
(
,
.
.
,
-
.),
3.
,
.
70%.
,
.
-
.
,
.
4.
-
.
).
58
-
,
)
1985-2000 .
1,9
.
,
.
600
.
-
(
35%
(
-
.2).
. 2.
276
.
20-25%
:
,
-
,
,
.
.
,
-
-
,
.
.
,
,
-
)
.
.
1764
,
512
85 (39,35%)
,
,
,
-
.
,
216
14
,
:
(
),
-
.
,
.
(
,
,
)
.
–
,
,
.
.
,
,
-
,
–
59
,
,
-
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
-
1.
,
/
.
2009.- .23-39, 45-54.
2.
:
.–
, 2005.– . 102-113.
,
».
-
:
,
-
,
,
.
:«
-
60
[
/
:
.] –
.,
.
:
.
Download