ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕЛЛЕТНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

338.5:662.7
Ⱥɧɬɨɧ ɘɪɶɟɜɢɱ Ɉɪɥɨɜ,
[email protected]
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ
ɉȿɅɅȿɌɇɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ɉɟɥɥɟɬɵ, ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɦɚɥɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɦɟɪɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɰɟɧɚ.
Pellets, cost, small – scale enterprises, government support measures and
provision of incentives, price.
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198
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ɐɟɥɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ –
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;
-
–
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50
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ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ,
:
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–
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
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Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
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2011 .
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(
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. 1).
199
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɩɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɭ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɭɥ
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60
400
1000
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5
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5–10
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10–20
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20–30
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30–40
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40–50
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50–100
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100
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[1],
200
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80 %
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5–20
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,%
35
30
25
20
15
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5
0
<5
5–10
10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–100 > 100
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.
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.2
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50,03 %,
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– 35,26 %.
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201
2
Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɥɥɟɬ,
./
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1.
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,%
1740,83
50,03
1227,14
35,26
513,69
14,76
2.
650,85
18,70
3.
191,30
5,50
4.
522,97
15,03
5.
373,86
10,74
3479,81
100,00
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[6, 9].
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-
, . .
(V1)
(V2): V1 ≥ V2 .
Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ,, ɪɭɛ./ɬ.
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4500
150
. 2).
4000
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3500
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, . . V1 ≥ 150
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3000
2500
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2000
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1500
1000
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10.000
15.000
30.000
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.ɬ./ɝɨɞ
/
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ,
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Ɋɢɫ. 2.
( )
( )
300
250
HPI, Г
Е
/
евро/т.
200
я
150
PPI06,
,А
100
FOEX, А
я
я
50
0
Ɋɢɫ. 3.
,
PIX (Nordic Pellets Index), APX Endex
(CIF Rotterdam), Commercial Heat Austria (ppa), Pelletpreis index PPI, Holzpellet Preis Index
( . 3).
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[8].
112
183
.
/
2007 .
4,8 %;
/ 2002 .
144
«
242
3 %,
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FOB –
119
/
2012 .,
»
/ 2012 . [5, 7].
.
2012 .
-
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105
/ [4].
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ȼɵɜɨɞɵ.
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203
.),
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[2, 3].
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2013 .
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Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1.
:
.
№ 209-
[
] //
. № 31
24.07.2007 .
. 4006.
2.
№ 1-
204
08.01.2009 . //
2020 . [
. 2009. № 4.
]:
. 515.
.
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3.
[
].
№ 3028 - 9
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31.05.2013 .
4.
120
[
].
: http://lesprominform.ru/
news/branch/3842-stoimost-promyshlennykh-pellet-v-rossijjskijj.html (
: 20.08.2013).
5. CARMEN – Energie/Pelletpreise – der Pellet – Preis – Index [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.carmen-ev.de/infothek/preisindizes/holzpellets/jahresmittelwerte
(accessed September 13, 2013).
6. Mäkela, M. Pellet promotion in the Finnish sawmilling industry: The cost effectiveness of different policy instruments [Text] / M. Mäkela, J. Lintunen, H-L Kangas,
J. Uusivuori // Journal of Forest Economics. 2011;17: 185–196.
7. Schaubach, K. Kurzstudie Preiseentwicklung von Industriepellets in Europa
[Electronic resource] / K. Schaubach, J. Witt. URL: http://www.dbfz.de/web/filead
min/user_upload/Berichte_Projektdatenbank/Endbericht_Indpellets_FINAL.pdf (accessed August 16, 2013).
8. Schulte, A. Das neue Holzmaß ist ein Barrel – Äquivalent [Text] / A. Schulte,
M. Wenzelides, H. Hagemann. AFZ – DerWald. 22/2006.
9. Wolf, A. Energy – efficient pellet production in the forest industry – a study of
obstacles and success factors [Text] / A. Wolf, A. Vidlund, E. Andersson. Biomass
and Bioenergy. 2006;30: 38–45.
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***
In the last decade in Russia the new type of economic activitity – bioenergy
actively develops. Despite growth of outputs and number of the enterprises, this kind
of activity faces a number of problems according to efficiency of creation of the new
enterprises, to costs of production and realization, shortage of raw materials and etc.
The purpose of scientific research is identification of economic problems of pellet
production, in particular, an assessment and the analysis of expenses by two options:
in close proximity with sawmill production and at a distance from it.
In this scientific work made classification of the pellet industry, accounting of
expenses of pellet production, the analysis of the prices in domestic and foreign
markets and their tendencies, the analysis of the domestic legislation in the field of
bioenergy, including forest law.
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