Валидация результатов выявления и оценки

ȼȺɅɂȾȺɐɂə ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɈȼ ȼɕəȼɅȿɇɂə ɂ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɉɅɈɓȺȾȿɃ
ɉɈȼɊȿɀȾȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɈɀȺɊȺɆɂ ɅȿɋɈȼ ɉɈ ȾȺɇɇɕɆ ɋɉɍɌɇɂɄɈȼɈȽɈ
ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȺ
ɋ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ 1, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ȼɟɥɹɟɜ 3, ȼ.Ⱥ. ȿɝɨɪɨɜ 1, Ⱦ.ȼ. ȿɪɲɨɜ 2, Ƚ.ɇ. Ʉɨɪɨɜɢɧ 2,
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɪɲɭɧɨɜ 3, Ɋ.ȼ. Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ 3, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʌɭɩɹɧ 1
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ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
117997, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ ɭɥ., 84/32
Ɍɟɥ: (095) 3335313; E-mail: [email protected]
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ɐɟɧɬɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɊȺɇ
117997, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ ɭɥ., 84/32
Ɍɟɥ: (095) 3326877; E-mail: [email protected]
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ɎȽɍ «Ⱥɜɢɚɥɟɫɨɨɯɪɚɧɚ»
141200, ɉɭɲɤɢɧɨ, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɭɥ. Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ, 20
Ɍɟɥ.: (095) 993-31-25; E-mail: [email protected]
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Terra/Aqua-MODIS ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. Ɉɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ LandsatETM+ ɢ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨɛ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ
ɞɟɧɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Terra/AquaMODIS ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɩɢɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ [1, 2]. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɚɧɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɡɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2000-2003 ɝɨɞɨɜ [3]. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ [4] ɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɝɧɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ [5-7] ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɚ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ Ɂɟɦɥɢ (CEOS - the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ (http://wgcv.ceos.org), ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɲɥɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɪɹɞɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ [611]. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ [6,7] ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
343
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ SPOT-Vegetation.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ, ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɫɛɨɪɭ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɤ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ SPOT-Vegetation. ɗɬɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɥɟɫɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, GPS ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ Landsat ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ETM+ (28.5 ɦ) ɢ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ Ɇɋɍ-ɗ (38 ɦ), ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ SPOT-Vegetation (1,15 ɤɦ). Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Global Land Cover Facility
(http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɹɞ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦ
Ɇɷɪɢɥɟɧɞ (ɋɒȺ) ɢ Ʌɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠɟɦ (Ⱥɧɝɥɢɹ), ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ. ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ LandsatETM+ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ 31 ɫɰɟɧɭ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2001-2002 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɰɟɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ 78 ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ,
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ LandsatETM+. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ Landsat-ETM+ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɦ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɝɧɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ Landsat-ETM+, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ
ɬɢɩɚɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɟ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦɢ, ɝɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹɦɢ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ ERDAS Region Growing ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ERDAS Region
Growing ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ «ɨɫɬɪɨɜɤɢ» ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ
344
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ [6, 12], ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ERDAS Region Growing ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɢɡ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɢɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
(ɪɢɫ. 2ɚ) ɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ «ɨɫɬɪɨɜɤɨɜ» ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 2ɛ), ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɰɟɧ Landsat-ETM+ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ
ȼ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ 2004 ɝɨɞɚ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɎȽɍ «Ⱥɜɢɚɥɟɫɨɨɯɪɚɧɚ», ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɬɪɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɟɬɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ 2003
ɢ 2004 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ GPS. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɨɛɥɟɬ ɫɟɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɣ ɨɛɯɨɞ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɝɚɪɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
GPS. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɢɡ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ʋ
1*
2*
3*
4*
5*
6*
7*
8*
9*
10*
11*
Path/Row
095/14
104/13
106/15
107/14
108/25
116/23
117/15
119/19
120/21
123/24
124/20
Ⱦɚɬɚ
ɫɴɟɦɤɢ
21. 08.2002
05. 08.2002
02. 07.2002
11. 09.2002
14. 06.2002
22.06.2002
29.06.2002
14.08.2002
04.07.2002
26.08.2002
17.08.2002
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ɑɍɄɈɌɋɄɂɃ Ⱥ.Ɉ.
ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ɉ.
Ɇɚɝɚɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
Ɇɚɝɚɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ʉɢɬɚɣ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
1
1
4
2
1
2
3
1
1
3
3
ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɌɍɇȾɊȺ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
Ɍɭɧɞɪɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɡɟɥɺɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
345
12*
13*
14*
15*
16*
17*
18*
19***
20***
21*
22**
23**
24**
25**
26**
27**
28*
29*
30*
31*
ȼɫɟɝɨ
125/21
125/22
128/19
130/21
131/13
138/24
140/25
122/15
104/15
154/14
118/16
120/13
122/17
122/18
125/15
132/18
162/14
165/14
165/15
174/16
-
08.08.2002
08.08.2002
13.08.2002
11. 08.2002
17.07.2002
04.09.2002
16 07.2002
16.06.2002
18.08.2001
02.07.2002
03.07.2001
02.08.2001
15.05.2002
19.08.2002
06.09.2001
22.08.2001
06.09.2000
10.06.2001
10.06.2001
11.07.2001
-
ɑɢɬɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
ɑɢɬɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɭɪɹɬɢɹ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɍɭɜɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɍɭɜɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɇɚɝɚɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.
əɦɚɥɨ-ɇɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ɉ.
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ
əɦɚɥɨ-ɇɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ɉ.
əɦɚɥɨ-ɇɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ɉ.
ɏɚɧɬɵ-Ɇɚɧɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɦɢ
-
1
2
4
1
5
3
1
7
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
12
4
1
4
78
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɡɟɥɺɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
Ȼɨɥɨɬɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɡɟɥɺɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɡɟɥɺɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
Ɍɭɧɞɪɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɨɬɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɨɬɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ
-
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3: ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+
*
Global Land Cover Facility;
**
ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ Ɇɷɪɢɥɟɧɞ (ɋɒȺ);
*** Ʌɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠ (ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ);
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɯɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 3, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɧɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɝɚɪɟɣ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ
ɚ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
Ƚɨɞ
ɩɨɠɚɪɚ
2004
2004
2003
2003
2003
2004
SPOT-VGT
3090,7
4402,9
9924,3
1143,1
2682.1
9206,7
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ (ɝɚ)
Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ
ɧɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
10035,7
1252,9
2886,6
ɧɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ⱥɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɺɬ
2720,3
4916,2
9323,8
1236,4
2564,5
13012,6
ɛ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
Ƚɨɞ
ɩɨɠɚɪɚ
2004
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ (ɝɚ)
Ⱥɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɺɬ
749,2
ɇɚɡɟɦɧɵɣ ɨɛɯɨɞ
632,8
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ 78 ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1), ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ Landsat-ETM+, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 468331,7 ɝɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ 437366,3 ɝɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
346
SPOT-Vegetation. ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ [1] ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2000-2003 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɨɬ 2,83 ɞɨ 23,64 ɦɥɧ. ɝɚ,
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬ 2% ɞɨ 15% ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɢɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɨɪɧɭɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ.
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ (Landsat-ETM+) ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ (SPOT-Vegetation) ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ (R2=0.94) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 4). Ɋɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ SETM=1.1SVGT–
89.4 (ґ SVGT•81,3 ɝɚ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɧɢɠɟ 89,4 ɝɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɸ SPOT-Vegetation ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 132 ɝɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɤ ɩɨɥɸɫɚɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɡ ɨɛɨɢɯ (ɨɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ) ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɸɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɂɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 5) ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ (ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ) ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ –6,6%, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢ ɡɧɚɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 28,7%, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɲɥɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 6 ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ
ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ i-ɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ Si ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ: 0 <Si ” 1000 ɝɚ, 1000 ɝɚ
<Si ” 2000 ɝɚ, 2000 ɝɚ <Si ” 5000 ɝɚ, 5000 ɝɚ <Si ” 10000 ɝɚ, 10000 ɝɚ <Si ” 20000 ɝɚ. ɍɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɜɵɲɟ
20000 ɝɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ɂɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɹ 17% ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 1000 ɝɚ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 2% ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɨɬ 5000 ɞɨ 10000 ɝɚ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɹɬɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɟɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 11%. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 29,2%. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɚɪɶ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɥɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɝɚɪɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɟ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɟɬɚ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɢ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ȼɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ) ɫɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ
ɞɨ –2%. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ –13,6% ɞɨ +10,4%.
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ SPOTVegetation, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɚ347
ɥɢɡɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ –1,1% ɢ –
8,8%, ɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ –
6,4% ɢ +7,5%. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ, ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 1,3% ɞɨ 12,6%, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ 7,2%. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 3 ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɟɬɨɜ.
ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ a priori ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ,
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɲ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ,
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨɟ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɝɚɪɟɣ, ɤɨɧɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɯɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɟɟ 18,4%.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
(i) ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ SPOT-Vegetation. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ a priori ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ.
(ii) ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ Landsat-ETM+, ɜɵɹɜɢɥɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation (R2=0.94). Ɉ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ –6,6%.
(iii) ɇɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 17%, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɧɢɠɟ 1000 ɝɚ, ɞɨ 2% ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ 5000 -10000 ɝɚ.
(iv) ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
89,4 ɝɚ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ.
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ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation ɜɜɢɞɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ., Ʌɭɩɹɧ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation// Ƚɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ. ȼ ɫɛ. ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ 225-ɥɟɬɢɸ ɆɂɂȽȺɢɄ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 2004, 199-204 ɫ.
2. ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ», ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 16-18 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2004ɝ. (ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ)
3. Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ., ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ʌɭɩɹɧ ȿ.Ⱥ., ɍɜɚɪɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ 2000–2003 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ SPOT-Vegetation // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ», ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 16-18 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2004ɝ. (ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ)
4. Justice, C., Belward, A., Morisette, J., Lewis, P., Privette, J. and Baret, F., 2000. Developments in the validation of satellite sensor products for the study of the land surface. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 3383 – 3390.
5. Morisette, J., C. Justice, J. Pereira, J.M. Grégoire, and P. Frost, 2001. Report from the GOFC - Fire: Satellite Product
Validation Workshop The Earth Observer, September/October, v. 13, n. 5, p. 15-18.
6. Boschetti L., S. Flasse, S. Trigg, P. A. Brivio, and M. Maggi, 2001. A methodology for the validation of low resolution
remotely sensed data products, In proceedings of 4th ASITA conference, Vol. 1, pp. 293-298, Rimini 9-12 October 2001.
7. Boschetti, L., Eva, H., Brivio, P.A. and Gallego, J., 2004. The validation protocol of GBA2000 global burned area maps
IGARSS IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing, session Land Degradation and Fires, Anchorage, 20-24
September 2004, volume III: 2107-2110.
8. Muchoney, D., Strahler, A., Hodges, J., and LoCastro J., 1999. The IGBP DISCover Confidence Sites and the System for
Terrestrial Ecosystem Parameterization: Tools for Validating Global Land-Cover Data. Photogrammetric Engineering
and Remote Sensing, 65, pp. 1061-1067.
9. Scepan, J., 1999. “Thematic validation of high-resolution global land-cover data sets.” Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing 65: 1051-1060.
10. Stehman, S. V., 2000. “Practical implications of design-based sampling inference for thematic map accuracy assessment.”
Remote Sensing of Environment 72,35-45.
11. Woodcock, C. E., and Gopal, S., 2000, Fuzzy set theory and thematic maps: accuracy assessment and area estimation.
International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 14(2), 153–172.
12. Zhang Y.-H., M.J. Wooster, O. Tutubalina, G.L.W. Perry, 2003, Monthly burned area and forest fire carbon emission estimates for the Russian Federation from SPOT VGT, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 87, Issue 1, pp. 1–15
1.
349
Ɂɚɛɨɥɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ
ɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɢɸɧɶ 2002 ɝɨɞɚ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
SPOT-Vegetation ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɚ ɜɜɢɞɭ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ.
Ⱥ)
SVGT = 12146.9 ɝɚ
SETM = 21080.3 ɝɚ
Ȼ)
SVGT=18621.8 ɝɚ
SETM=14734.5 ɝɚ
ȼ)
SVGT = 17697.8 ɝɚ
SETM = 18336.0 ɝɚ
Ɍɭɧɞɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɋɚɯɚ, ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ ɩɨ ɚɜɝɭɫɬ
2001 ɝɨɞɚ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOTVegetation ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɨɡɟɪ ɢ ɛɨɥɨɬ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ.
Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɋɚɯɚ,
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ ɩɨ
ɚɜɝɭɫɬ 2001 ɝɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
SPOT-Vegetation ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ LandsatETM+.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation (ɛɟɥɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɵ)
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ (ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɵ)
350
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɢ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation
(ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ 9834,6 ɝɚ), ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ
Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ (ɠɟɥɬɵɣ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ - 12023,1
ɝɚ) ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɟɬɚ (ɫɢɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɭɪ,
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ - 12649,2 ɝɚ).
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɢ
ɩɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ (ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ,
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ - 1252,8 ɝɚ) ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɟɬɚ (ɫɢɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɭɪ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ - 1236,4 ɝɚ).
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɢ
ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɟɬɚ (ɫɢɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɭɪ,
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ - 749,2 ɝɚ) ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɯɨɞɚ (ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɭɪ,
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ - 632,8 ɝɚ).
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɟɣ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ, ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
351
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Landsat-ETM+ (ɝɚ)
60000
50000
y = 1,1x - 89,4
2
R = 0,94
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation (ɝɚ)
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ SPOT-Vegetation ɢ Landsat-ETM+
0,3
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
-1
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ƚɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
352
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ
(%)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ (ɝɚ)
Ɋɢɫ. 6. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOTVegetation ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
353