Использование спутниковых изображений для оценки потерь

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ
ɋ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ1, Ɍ.ɋ. ɏɨɜɪɚɬɨɜɢɱ1, ȼ.ȼ. ȿɥɫɚɤɨɜ2
1
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
E-mail: [email protected]
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ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
ȿ-mail: [email protected]
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ,
ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ʉɨɦɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɷɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɡɚɩɚɫ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚ
ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɩɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɝɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ȼɵɪɭɛɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɜ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ [1].
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɟ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɜɵɪɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɥɟɫɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ. Ʉ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɊɎ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1015 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɪɟɠɟ) ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɧɟɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚɯ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ.
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ, ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɥɟɫɨɜ.
Ɍɟɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ Ɇɟɠɞɭɪɟɱɟɧɫɤɢɣ
ɥɟɫɯɨɡ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɦɢ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ 958408 ɝɚ ɢ ɥɟɫɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ 93%. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ 79.6% ɨɬ ɥɟɫɨɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɪɢ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 150-160 ɥɟɬ.
343
Ɇɟɠɞɭɪɟɱɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫɯɨɡ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɭ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɥɟɫɚ, ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹ ɪɭɛɨɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 91 % ɨɬ ɥɟɫɨɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢ 86% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɢɯ
ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɉɨɜɵɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ȼɚɲɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6% ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɟɫɯɨɡɚ, ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ȼɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɤɥɚɫɫ ɛɨɧɢɬɟɬɚ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ
ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɟɜ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1. ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ UTM ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-TM/ETM+ (28,5 ɦ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ
Ⱦɚɬɚ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ
ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
03.08.1989
Landsat-TM
01.06.1995
Landsat-TM
11.07.2001
Landsat-ETM+
06.06.2002
Landsat-ETM+
29.06.2004
Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3M/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ [2].
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ:
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ;
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ;
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ;
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɯ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɷɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚɯ ɢ ɝɚɪɹɯ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
344
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ, ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɹɦɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɥɚɯ, ɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ,
ɫɬɚɜɹɳɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɞɨ 50%. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɢ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ.
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɩɢɤɫɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ
ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɫɸ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɸ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɦɭɸ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɩɢɤɫɟɥɭ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ [3-5]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɫ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɢɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɜ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ:
­ I
2
°¦ epsi o min
°i 1
K
°
R
® i ¦ m k Rik epsi
k 1
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K
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¯k 1
(1)
ɝɞɟ i - ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ (i=1,I), k - ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (k=1,K),
R i - ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɜ i-ɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ,
Rik - ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ k-ɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜ i-ɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ, mk - ɞɨɥɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ k-ɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟ;
epsi - ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ i-ɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ.
ȼɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɟɣ
ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɜ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟ, ɬɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1.
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ - ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɉɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɞɚɱɧɨ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɢ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɹɪɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ (ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɟɣ), ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ [6].
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Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ Landsat-ETM+ (ɫɥɟɜɚ) ɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (R – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɩɨɱɜɚ, G – ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ, B – ɯɜɨɣɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ)
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-TM/ETM+ ɢ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ: ɤɪɨɧɵ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ, ɤɪɨɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɯ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ SI ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɤɪɨɧ
ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ:
SI
Sc Sd
,
Sc Sd
ɝɞɟ Sc – ɞɨɥɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɤɪɨɧ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ, ɚ Sd – ɞɨɥɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɤɪɨɧ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ SId ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɯ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɨɛɟɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ SI ɢ SId ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɥɟɫɨɭɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ (ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ SI ɭɫɪɟɞɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ) ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ
ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ.
346
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ
ɍɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɦ SI, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
ɍɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ SI, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
1,0
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Landsat-ETM+ (SI) ɢ
ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (SId)
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɞɨɥɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɬɟɫɧɨɬɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɟɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɤɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚɯ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹɫɶ ɫ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɦɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [7]. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ SI, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ A ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɥɟɫɨɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ SI,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 3. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ SI, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ 125 ɥɟɬ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɟɥɵɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɛɨɤ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ.
347
ɍɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ
ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, %
70
65
60
55
50
45
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
80
85
90
95
10 0
60 0
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ
50 0
40 0
30 0
20 0
10 0
0
65
70
75
ɍɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, %
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɪɨɧ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ Landsat-ETM+, ɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɥɟɫɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɍɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, ɝɨɞɵ
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
-1
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
ɍɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ SI, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ SI ɩɨ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ Landsat-TM
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ,
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (IIASA) ɦɨɞɟɥɢ [8]. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
348
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ:
C= Ȗ P,
ɝɞɟ Ȗ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 0.5;
C – ɦɚɫɫɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ;
P – ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɚ.
Ɏɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ:
5
2
i 1
i 1
g
t
¦Mi ¦Mi
P
ɝɞɟ Mit – ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɚɹ ɨɬ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ, Mig – ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɚɹ ɨɬ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ
ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:
M it
g
Mi
n
0.1 * S * ¦ (C j * GS j * R ij )
j 1
n
S * ¦ (C j * K ij )
j 1
ȼ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ S ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɢ, n – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ, Cj – ɞɨɥɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ j ɜ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ GSj – ɡɚɩɚɫ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
­° c ij0 I c1 A (c 2 +c3 RS+c 4 RS ) , ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚ j - ɫɨɫɧɚ
R ij = ®
c ij (c ij A+c ij RS)
c ij c ij
ij
°̄ c 0 A 1 I 2 RS 3 e 4 5 , ɢɧɚɱɟ
ij
ij
ij
ij
ij
ij
ij
ij
2
ij
K ij =c ij0 A c1 I c 2 RS c3 e (c 4 A+c5 RS)
ɝɞɟ I – ɛɨɧɢɬɟɬ, A – ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, RS – ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ, ɫij0, ɫij1, ɫij2, ɫij3, ɫij4, ɫij5 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɢ
ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ TM2,
TM3, TM4 ɢ TM5, ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɛɵɥɚ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
SId
­0.16 ln(SI) 0.72, if SI t 0,
®
¯0.91SI 0.14, if SI 0.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ:
RS
­0.755CD 7.8821, if CD t 90,
®
¯0.1673CD 45.012, if CD 90 and CD t 65.
ɝɞɟ RS – ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɹ ɢ CD- ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɧ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɹ
ɧɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ A ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ SI ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ:
349
A
exp(
SI 1.2437
), SI t 0.
0.3463
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɛɨɧɢɬɟɬɚ
ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɫɩɟɥɵɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ SI=9 ɢ GS=138,807 ɦ3/ɝa.
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ Landsat-ETM+ ɤɚɪɬɵ
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ [4]. Ⱦɥɹ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɡɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɣ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɟ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ ɧɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ
1989 ɩɨ 2004 ɝɨɞɵ (ɬ/ɝɚ )
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ
1989-1995
1995-2001
2001-2002
2002-2004
57.45
58.45
57.18
58.89
53.05
53.09
40.34
44.06
˃̨̦̦̼ˁ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ, ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɩɨɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦ
ɜɵɪɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ
(ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2, ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4).
600000
̶̵̵̨̡̨̨̡̨̛̛̛̛̖̦̭̭̪̣̦̖̥̭̪̱̯̦̼̦̦̼̌̽̏̌̏̔̌̚
̨̛̥̖̣̔IIASA
500000
̶̴̶̨̡̨̨̨̨̡̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̖̦̭̭̪̣̦̖̥̣̦̜̭̯̯̭̯̌̽̏̌̌̽̌̚
400000
300000
200000
100000
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
ʦ̬̖̥́(̨̼̐̔)
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤ ɥɟɫɚɦ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɬɚɣɝɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ, ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɢ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ.
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Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɞɨɥɝɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɭ Ⱥ.Ɂ. ɒɜɢɞɟɧɤɨ ɡɚ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
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ɝɚɡɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɟɫɨɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ (ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ) // ɐɟɧɬɪ
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ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ // ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ:
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ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɋɛ. ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ. Ɇ.: ɈɈɈ "ɉɨɥɢɝɪɚɮ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ", 2004. C. 217-227.
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ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ) // Ʌɟɫɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2004. ʋ2.
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Estimation of carbon losses in a forest ecosystem caused by logging
with the use of satellite data
S. Bartalev1, T. Khovratovich1, V. Elsakov2
1
Space research institute RAS
E-mail: [email protected]
2
Komi biology institute RAS
ȿ-mail: [email protected]
The paper proposes a new approach to estimate carbon losses in forest caused by logging using a
combination of satellite and selective ground data. Developed method is based on linear model of
spectral mixture analysis and allows evaluating of a species structure, a ground stock and an age structure
of the canopy. The paper describes results of a method application to assess carbon losses in the forest
caused by logging at the test-site in Komi.
Keywords: remote sensing, carbon emission, carbon stock, forest logging, canopy species structure,
canopy ground stock, canopy age structure.
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