4 10 Bosh muharrir: p.f.d., prof., S.T. Turg‘unov Mas’ul muharrir: PhD., dots., A.A. Rasulov Mas’ul muharrir o‘rinbosari: PhD., dots., O.N. Imomov TAHRIR HAY‘ATI Fizika-matematika fanlari: akad. S. Zaynobiddinov akad. A. A’zamov f-m.f.d., prof. B. Samatov f-m.f.d., dots. R. Xakimov f-m.f.d., dots. B. Abdulazizov f-m.f.n., dots. A. Xolboyev f-m.f.n., dots. R.Jalalov Kimyo fanlari: akad. S. Nigmatov k.f.d., prof. Sh. Abdullayev t.f.d., v.b. prof. G‘. Doliyev k.f.n., dots. T. Sattorov k.f.n., dots. A. Hurmamatov PhD., dots. D.S. Xolmatov Biologiya fanlari: akad. K. Tojibayev akad. R. Sobirov b.f.d., prof. A. Batashov b.f.d., prof. N. Abdurahmonov b.f.d., prof. F. Kushanov b.f.d., prof. A. Kuchboyev b.f.d., dots. D. Dexqonov Filologiya fanlari: fil.f.d., prof. N. Uluqov fil.f.d., prof. H. Usmanova f.f.n, dots. Q. Siddiqov PhD. H. Solixo‘jayeva PhD. dots. U. Qo‘ziyev PhD. H. Sarimsoqov fil.f.d., N. Dosbayeva Texnika fanlari: t.f.d., prof. A. Umarov t.f.d., prof. S. Yunusov Qishloq xo’jaligi fanlari: g.f.d., prof. B. Kamalov q-x.f.n., dots. A. Qazaqov Tarix fanlari: akad. A. Asqarov s.f.d., prof. T. Fayzullayev s.f.d., prof. N.B. Dexkanov t.f.d, prof. A. Rasulov t.f.d, prof. M. Xaydarov f.f.d., prof. M. Ismoilov f.f.d., prof. B. Talapov f.f.d. dots. Z. Isaqova f.f.d., G. G‘affarova p.f.d., prof. T. Ismoilov PhD. A. Abdullayev f.f.n., N.Zaynobiddinova Geografiya fanlari: g.f.d., dots. B. Kamalov g.f.d., prof. A. Nigmatov g.f.d., dots. A. Nazarov Iqtisodiyot fanlari: i.f.d., prof. N. Maxmudov i.f.d., prof. O. Odilov Tibbiyot fanlari: b.f.d., prof. G‘. Abdullayev tib.f.n., dots. S. Boltaboyev p.f.d., prof. U. Inoyatov p.f.d., prof. B. Xodjayev p.f.d., prof. O‘. Asqarova p.f.n., dots. M. Nishonov p.f.n., dots. A. Sattarov p.f.n., dots. M. Asqarova p.f.n., dots. Sh. Xo‘jamberdiyeva p.f.d., dots. S. Abdullayev PhD., dots. D. Sarimsakova PhD., B. Urinov Psixologiya fanlari: p.f.d., prof. Z. Nishanova p.f.n., dots. M. Maxsudova Texnik muharrir: S. Xoshimov Rasmiy web sahifa: journal.namdu.uz Tahririyat manzili: Boburshox ko‘chasi, 161-uy Faks: (0369)227-07-61 e-mail: [email protected] Falsafa fanlari: Pedagogika fanlari: Ushbu jurnal 2019-yildan boshlab O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy attestatsiya komissiyasi Rayosati qarori bilan fizikamatematika, kimyo, biologiya, falsafa, filologiya va pedagogika fanlari bo‘yicha Oliy attestatsiya komissiyasining dissertatsiyalar asosiy ilmiy natijalarini chop etish tavsiya etilgan ilmiy nashrlar ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan. “NamDU ilmiy axborotnomasi – Научный вестник НамГУ” jurnali O‘zbekiston Matbuot va axborot agentligining 17.05.2016-yildagi 08-0075 -raqamli guvohnomasi hamda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Administratsiyasi huzuridagi Axborot va ommaviy kommunikatsiyalar agentligi (AOKA) tomonidan 2020-yil 29-avgust kuni 1106-sonli guvohnomaga binoan chop etiladi. “NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi” elektron nashr sifatida xalqaro standart turkum raqami (ISSN-2181-1458) ga ega. NamDU Muvofiqlashtiruvchi Kengashining 2024-yil 25-oktabrdagi 7-sonli yig‘ilishida muhokama qilinib, ilmiy to‘plam sifatida chop etishga ruxsat etilgan (Bayonnoma № 7). Maqolalarning ilmiy saviyasi va keltirilgan ma’lumotlar uchun mualliflar javobgar hisoblanadi. NAMANGAN - 2024 NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son 09.00.00-Falsafa fanlari NAMANGAN DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI ILMIY AXBOROTNOMASI, [2024-10] ISSN:2181-1458 ISSN:2181-0427 09.00.00-FALSAFA journal.namdu.uz PHILOSOPHICAL Shakhnoza Kakhramonovna Gulyamova Department of Uzbek Language and Literature Tashkent University of Applied Sciences Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor ORCID: https:\\orcid.org\0000-0002-2045-1912 PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE 80/20 PRINCIPLE Annotation. The philosophical and methodological principle 80/20, which in the article is called the Pareto principle (law) the basics are covered. It contains the fact that the other is an integral system, because of quantitative changes, recently there has been widespread talk about the law of transition to qualitative changes. The fact that the law of gradation underlies the 80/20 principle is analyzed by examples. Key words: existence, system, consistency of being, ontology, qualitative change, quantitative change, graduation, mechanical graduation, physical graduation, chemical graduation, biological graduation, social graduation, graduation, graduation series, dominant, synonymy, graduation paradigm, lexical graduation. Шахноза Кахрамоновна Гулямова Кафедра узбекского языка и литературы Ташкентский университет прикладных наук Доктор филологических наук, доцент ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРИНЦИПА 80/20 Аннотация. Философско-методологический принцип 80/20, который в статье назван принципом (законом) Парето, рассмотрены основы. Он содержит в себе тот факт, что другой является целостной системой, поскольку количественные изменения, в последнее время широко распространены разговоры о законе перехода к качественным изменениям. На примерах проанализирован тот факт, что в основе принципа 80/20 лежит закон градации. Ключевые слова: существование, система, последовательность бытия, онтология, качественное изменение, количественное изменение, градуировка, механическая градуировка, физическая градуировка, химическая градуировка, биологическая градуировка, социальная градуировка, градуировка, серия градуировок, доминанта, синонимия, парадигма градуировки, лексическая градуировка. Shahnoza Qahramonovna Gulyamova Toshkent amaliy fanlar universiteti O‘zbek tili va adabiyoti kafedrasi filologiya fanlari doktori, dotsent 80/20 PRINSIPINING FALSAFIY-METODOLOGIK ASOSLARI Annotatsiya. Maqolada Pareto printsipi (qonuni) deb ataladigan 80/20 falsafiy va uslubiy tamoyilning asoslari yoritilgan. Unda ikkinchisining yaxlit tizim ekanligi, miqdoriy o‘zgarishlar tufayli oxirgi paytlarda sifat o‘zgarishlariga o‘tish qonuni haqidagi fikrlar bayoni yorilgan.. 80/20 tamoyili asosida gradatsiya qonuni turishi misollar orqali tahlil qilingan. Kalit so‘zlar: borliq, tizim, borliq izchilligi, ontologiya, sifat o‘zgarishi, miqdoriy o‘zgarish, mexanik gradatsiya, fizik gradatsiya, kimyoviy gradatsiya, biologik gradatsiya, ijtimoiy gradatsiya, gradatsiya qatori, dominant, sinonimiya, gradatsiya paradigmasi. Introduction. The concept of a holistic system of being is crucial for studying and understanding the cases of the transition of quantitative changes in a substance or material to qualitative changes. Based on this system, its periodic and physical properties also change as the size, temperature, stages and other characteristics of a single substation change. This gives us an idea of a precision-related system --- 292 --- NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son 09.00.00-Falsafa fanlari Materials and methods. based on the law of transition of any quantitative change into a qualitative change. The concept of "continuity of existence" can also be The law of thermodynamics is very important for associated with the idea of evolution or development in understanding and managing holistic systems of being. various fields of life, such as philosophy, science, art or This law is used to understand and calculate processes such spiritual practice. In this context, continuity of being refers as energy exchange, temperature changes, heating and to the gradual development and changes that occur over energy use, and social change. Knowledge of the concepts time. and principles of this law is applicable to understanding In different religious and philosophical traditions of and managing the holistic systems of any being. the world, there are different interpretations and concepts Systems of existence formed on the basis of the law of the concept of continuity of being. For example, in of thermodynamics are widely used in engineering, Buddhism, the sequence of being is associated with the chemistry, physics and other fields. With their help, it will doctrine of karma (causation) and reincarnation be possible to identify, understand and control the (transmigration of spirits), with an understanding of time processes associated with the quantity, temperature, stage and history in Christianity, with an awareness of the and other qualities of any creature. periodicity of nature in traditional Chinese philosophy. Throughout the history of mankind, philosophers In general, "continuity of existence" is a deep and and scientists have tried to understand the basic principles multifaceted concept that can have different meanings in of the structure, existence and development of the world. different contexts. It reflects philosophical reflections on One of the main concepts in this is the concept of the the nature of time, life and death, as well as practical systemic integrity of being. aspects of human experience. The idea is that the world is a single, inseparable Understanding that being is an integral system is of system, all its elements are interconnected and influence great practical importance. This forces us to take a fresh each other. Different parts of reality are connections in the look at the global problems of our time and ways to solve same chain of existence, not physical, biological, social. them. "Integrity" means the sum of the parts. From the Within the framework of traditional linear thinking, point of view of the system approach, the property of the environmental, economic, political and other processes are whole is not narrowed at the level of the property of the considered separately. However, in fact, all areas are element, and both the system and the element have their closely related to each other. Environmental pollution own laws. affects human health, the economy and social stability. The The idea of the integrity and systematic order of the poverty of a part of the population leads to an increase in Universe allows us to take a fresh look at the surrounding crime and extremism. Political conflicts lead to reality and the place of man in it. It represents a worldview humanitarian disaster and migration. that combines knowledge about nature, society and the To effectively solve global problems, a systematic human mind. holistic approach is needed, taking into account the direct The concept of "continuity of existence" can be and inverse relationships between various processes. This interpreted from different points of view. For example, in allows us to develop comprehensive strategies that can philosophy, "continuity of existence" may be based on the generate positive changes in many areas at the same time. idea of how different phenomena or states react to each Thus, in the 21st century, the idea of the integrity of other over time. In the religious tradition, this concept is being ceases to be an abstract philosophical concept and associated with the doctrine of the periodicity of life and acquires great practical importance for the survival of death. mankind and the preservation of a comfortable habitat on In traditional Indian philosophy, the concept of the planet. Our future depends on understanding the "continuity of existence" (skt. samsara) refers to the systemic laws of the world. doctrine of the periodicity of birth, death and rebirth. For the practical implementation of the system According to this doctrine, all living beings experience a approach, new methods of analyzing complex complexes series of births and deaths in various forms of life, of interacting processes are required. Modern science is depending on their actions in previous lives (sometimes actively developing such tools. good, sometimes bad). This cycle continues until the being One of the promising areas is the study of the use of reaches freedom and gets rid of the suffering of the world. large amounts of data. The collection and computer In general, the continuity of being reflects the idea of processing of large amounts of data in various fields makes how different states or phenomena arise, develop and it possible to identify hidden rules in complex systems. disappear over time. This may be related to understanding On this basis, for example, they predict sociotime as a moment or sequence of events, as well as economic crises, simulate the consequences of man-made understanding the causal relationships between different accidents, monitor the spread of a pandemic, etc. That is, in states of existence. --- 293 --- NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son 09.00.00-Falsafa fanlari order to take preventive measures, it is necessary to take system and determining the relationship from quantitative into account the systemic interrelation of phenomena. changes to the law of transition to quality can be considered Another important area is the development of as a methodological approach that helps to determine interdisciplinary research. The narrow specialization of priorities and pay attention to the most important aspects sciences often prevents a holistic view of problems. For the of a given situation. Using this methodology makes it most complete imagination, it is necessary to synthesize possible to use resources, time and efforts more efficiently, approaches and knowledge in different fields. focusing on the main factors that ensure the greatest result. Ultimately, we are talking about the formation of In personal life, this approach is also valuable. fundamentally new systemic thinking and worldview in Identifying the main areas of your life that bring you the people. This is the main factor in the transition to a truly most satisfaction or cause difficulties can help you manage comprehensive solution to the global problems of our time, your time, energy and improve your well-being. taking into account the existing integrity and diverse It is important that the transition from the old to the interdependence. new be radical and revolutionary. Changes in the "fault" The definition of the role of an element and zone suddenly accelerate dramatically, and the system connections in the organization of the system as a whole changes radically in a very short time. and the approach in which a significant element and a Thus, the law of the transition of quantity into small number of connections are identified ensure quality and, conversely, is a universal principle of consistency of the system analysis. It seems that development that applies to all possible processes in nature understanding the importance of the main elements or and in human society. factors that have the greatest impact on its functioning in One of the most important consequences of this law the system is of great importance in a systematic approach: is discontinuity, uneven development. The evolution of First, it allows you to identify the main factors or any system is not a smooth and gradual process. For elements that play a key role in the system. This means that example, biological evolution is uneven, with long stages when analyzing the system, it will be possible to identify of gradual accumulation of mutations in populations of important components that have the greatest impact on the living organisms and relatively short intervals for the performance of the entire system as a whole; emergence of fundamentally new species. That is, longSecondly, this action helps to optimize the term training is replaced by a sudden qualitative leap as a management of the system. Speak up" - focusing efforts result of a complex interaction of factors. and resources on key factors contributes to improving the Another consequence of the law of transition from efficiency of the entire system, as they make a major quantity to quality is the diversity and multi-stage nature contribution to the functioning of the system; of evolutionary processes. The new qualitative state of the Thirdly, the identified main elements and factors system, which arises at one stage, is again subjected to determine the structure and interrelationships within the quantitative changes, which leads to its transition to a new system. Understanding these factors is important for us to qualitative level. This applies to inanimate and living better understand the interaction of system elements with nature, as well as to social phenomena – science, culture, each other and what kind of chain reactions can occur when social revolution, etc. This process is based on the law of changes occur in the main elements; transition from quantity to quality. Fourth, highlighting key factors helps to identify The law of transition from quantitative to qualitative points in the system that may cause risks or problems. By changes is especially evident in the development of paying serious attention to these important elements, technical systems. As a device or technology improves, managers can increase the effectiveness of further problem many innovations accumulate, which at one point leads to prevention and minimize possible negative consequences. a revolutionary change in capabilities. The development of Therefore, the identification of key factors can be computer technology in recent decades is a prime example. combined with a system integrity analysis to optimize The gradual increase in productivity and cost reduction system performance, improve management and prevent eventually led to the emergence of personal computers and problems. Identification and consideration of these key cell phones, which qualitatively changed the life of society. elements increases the efficiency and stability of the system In the technical field, this transition period is often as a whole. This provides a holistic approach to system called the point of technological identity. It hides a sharp management, taking into account its main components and change in progress, opens up fundamentally new horizons striving to optimize the results and performance of the of development. Many futurists predict similar changes in system. artificial intelligence in the coming decades. The law of the transition of quantitative changes Consequently, the law of the transition of into qualitative ones. This law has methodological value quantitative changes into qualitative ones is the most in assessing the decisive factors of systemic changes and important methodological principle that allows analyzing the rate of change. Knowing the basic elements of the and predicting the development of any natural and man--- 294 --- NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son 09.00.00-Falsafa fanlari made systems. For example, under the influence of just one with philosophical quantitative and qualitative changes. additional factor, a storm can dramatically intensify and For example, when a fire is ignited to the bottom of a change its trajectory. Or a separate socio-economic event container filled with water, the amount increases as the will provoke a revolutionary crisis and the collapse of the water heats up, it can also pour out of the container when state system. boiling. In this process, water also changes qualitatively, Thus, the integration of the law of identification of from cold to hot water, which means that any quantitative key factors and the transition of quantitative changes into change in things and phenomena in nature also leads to a qualitative ones becomes a powerful tool for change in quality. understanding and modifying complex systems, as well as An Uzbek linguist who understands gradations.Ne improving the effectiveness of cognitive and decisionis one of the basic laws of linguistic semantics, compiled by making processes. Matov. The essence of this law is that the meanings of Results and discussion. words in a language are not incorrect, but form an ordered Evaluation as the basis of the 80/20 principle. The uniform measure, gradation. For example, the words hot, warm, and cold form a scale of temperature gradations. The progress of each science is inextricably linked with the progressive philosophical thought of this period. The meanings of these words are connected to each other leading philosophical doctrine of that period shows which through intermediate, transitional zones (something may aspects of source studies should be given special attention, not be too hot or cold). This law is of great importance for referring to the fact that the sources of various disciplines semantics and lexicography. In particular, it allows to are in direct or indirect connection with each other, as well establish relationships between different meanings of as with many aspects of the subjects of research. This is words (synonymy, antonymy, conversivity) (1); gives the how the methodological significance of philosophy is principle of characterizing dictionary meanings by mutual manifested, as well as its direct influence on other arrangement in scales (2); explains the semantic shift of disciplines [8]. meanings and the possibility of transition from one lexicoThe gradation of being is a fundamental concept semantic group to another (3); It serves as a basis for widely discussed in philosophy. It involves the study of modeling the "semantic space" of a language and various interpretations and discussions related to the describing systematic relationships in a dictionary. The law nature of existence or ontology. There are different levels of of gradation reveals the ordered, systematic nature of existence. Including: lexical semantics and has important theoretical and 1) material and objective reality; practical significance for linguistics. 2) objectively-ideal reality; The law of gradation states that linguistic meaning is 3) the presence of a person. continuous, not discrete. The meanings of the words do not The continuous movement of matter analyzed in the just differ, but are constantly intertwined. The specificity of above-mentioned seasons shows that the evolutionary lexical semantics is due to the linguistic reflection of the transformation of quantitative changes into qualitative continuity and gradualness of the non-linguistic world. changes in accordance with their progress is itself formed The phenomenon of evaluation is universal and in the leveling Freeze of being. Now that science describes covers all spheres of human life. Assessment plays an in general terms the types of mechanical, physical, important role in cognition, behavior regulation, and chemical, biological, and social worlds, the phenomenon of interpersonal communication. The study of the classification can be understood in two dimensions. The characteristics of value judgments in different cultures and first is a (mechanical-physical-chemical-biological-social) eras allows for a deeper understanding of the value picture genetic (evolutionary) classification related to the stages of of the world of society. An integrated approach to this formation, while the second is a private classification phenomenon opens up prospects for the practical related to qualitative differences within each type of application of knowledge about the mechanisms and universe. Examples include mechanical attestation, functions of assessment in the life of society. physical attestation, chemical attestation, biological We can see that the phenomenon of graduation attestation, and social attestation. Major scientific originated from the gazelles and rubies of many of our discoveries recognized as revolutionary in various great thinkers, including Mahmoud Koshgaria, Yusuf Khos disciplines are actually related to the definition of the Hajib, Alisher Navoi, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur and essence of degrees in the sources of research in these others. The phenomenon of graduation as an object of disciplines. In particular, the periodic table of chemical study in linguistics was interpreted in Uzbek linguistics in elements by D.I.Mendeleev, the theory of the origin of 1989 as a manifestation of interlanguage semantic relations, species in the biological world are a vivid confirmation of giving it the name of the phenomenon of graduation – "... our opinion [2]. in Uzbek linguistics, a synonym reflecting linguistic It is clear that graduation is an objective law of the semantic relations was artificially created based on a development of nature and society. It is also associated combination of the onymic part with the Latin word --- 295 --- NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son 09.00.00-Falsafa fanlari graduate ("level", "step"), which is a common component of qualitatively sharply from each other, and they cannot be such homonyms, antonyms" [1: 37]. This phenomenon was distinguished by the degree of reflection of (ontological) described in 1990 by linguist R. Given as a scientific qualitative changes in human feelings. Therefore, our usual hypothesis in Safarova's nomination paper [11: 174], This concepts (meanings), such as "warm", "hot", "sultry", are phenomenon was described in 1990 by linguist R. Given as relative and do not have specific arithmetic physical a scientific hypothesis in Safarova's nomination paper [9: dimensions. Well, language is not capable of perceiving the 137]. The phenomenon of graduonymy was founded, natural gradations of existence as they are, in their original developed in Uzbek linguistics and studied in Russian form. The main reason for this is that the extreme relativity linguistics in a different interpretation. In 1997, linguist of human senses (which is why microscope-type devices O.Bozorov, in his doctoral dissertation, hypothesized that work) is limited. If atomic units were assigned to a person graduonymy is a common type of relationship that for each assessed state in an attempt to reflect the being in manifests itself not only in the system of interlanguage accordance with it (adequately), as mentioned above, the relations, but also in the fields of phonetics and phonology, vocabulary would become overestimated, and there would morphology and syntax, and stylistics [3: 227]. be great difficulties for memory [2: 12]. Already, a small The dissertation of Sh.Orifdzhonova on the topic part of the words in the dictionary makes up most of the "Vocabulary graduation in the Uzbek language" [9: 27] is of active vocabulary of the language owners, while the rest of particular importance in the study of the phenomenon of the words are used less often. This confirms the 80/20 graduation. The term "graded" indicates that dictionary principle, that is, it indicates that for effective entries should be arranged according to how the words in communication it is necessary to know the most commonly the grading series increase or decrease in meaning. He used words. It is clear that alignment in language is largely considers it appropriate to find his own perception of the inextricably linked to alignment present in the being itself. three basic laws of dialectics in the lexical graduonymic Dialectical graduation, which is a connection with series. These are [9: 90]: 1) the law of the transition of the evolutionary transition of quantitative changes in quantitative changes into qualitative graduated changes existence to qualitative changes, is reflected in language in and the increase/decrease of the sign in the graduonymic an incomparable way and becomes the law of linguistic series is embodied; 2) the law of negation of negation in the graduation. Linguistic grading reflects the dialectical negation of each other is manifested in the fact that the two continuous (continuum) grading of being by non-linear, extreme ends of the graduated chain together confirm a abstracting (simplified, i.e. "augmented"), separating certain feature; 3) the laws of unification and struggle of (converting into discretization), but at the same time contradictions and the transition of quantitative changes essentially corresponding to real reality. The law of into qualitative ones are reflected in the organization of one linguistic gradation is inherent in all languages, manifested lexical significant series-a paradigm, a whole. in each language on the basis of identity in construction Linguist O.Bozorov emphasized that the question of ("selection") the substantive and formal sides of the same the correlation of being and leveling in language is of language [3: 272]. particular importance, writing: "the natural and social Zh.Dzhumabayeva studied the languages of phenomena of language, which reflect being in the Tajalli Uzbekistan, Buyuk of Britain, Hamda of America, studied way, do not have the ability to perceive the leveling the lexeme analysis of secondary school students, each of inherent in relationships as they really are. This is due to whom not only has a good command of vocabulary and the fact that language units are in limited quantities in grammar, but also mastered the languages of peoples relation to memory and thinking abilities. Thus, language living throughout the country, and adopted some norms, is a non-linear reflection of the innumerable, continuous norms and tuning characterizes the characteristic features and inexhaustible degrees inherent in being. For example, of raising children in different age groups [4: 26]. let's take degrees such as moderate-warm-hot-boiling, which She notes that the graduonymic series should be at are reflected in vocabulary units. The change in water least three-membered: "the last member of the temperature from 0ºC to 100ºc varies from degree to degree graduonymic series on the right and left sides can (the degree itself is also a large unit of measurement and sometimes be antonymous to each other, and sometimes has its own internal divisions) continuously not antonymous, depending on the substantive as well as (evolutionarily), so our capabilities are limited, our senses contextual characteristics of the graduated lexeme. If the cannot perceive the state of this change as it really is. lexemes located at the poles of the graduonymic series are However, in reality, for example, a sequential increase in mutually antonymous, it is possible to form a separate the heat contained in the cold begins after -1 degree (the graduonymic series of members located on the right side of development of the second from opposite sides) +1 °C in level 0, with the participation of members located on the the state of li-+2 ° C in the state of li - +3 ° C in the state of li left side" [4: 26]. This justifies the fact that the terms - +5 °C in the state of li -... The state of +99 °C is on the path microgradunonymic series and macrogradunonymic series of +100°C states, in which the lateral states do not differ should be introduced into scientific circulation, and this --- 296 --- NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son phenomenon should also be studied separately in the semiology of other languages. G.Rakhmonov gave a detailed analysis of the relationship between dictionary synonymy and graduonymy in the Uzbek language and raised the issue of relative independence and harmony of graduonymy and synonymy [10: 149]. In linguistics, the order of words representing a sign in degrees was studied within the framework of synonymy, until graduonymy was singled out as a separate manifestation of interlanguage spiritual relations. Of course, when the phenomenon of graduonymy was not specifically highlighted, the words whose meaning was graded were in many cases distributed into different synonymous slots. The true reasons for this are also known. Because synonyms include words whose meaning is as close to each other as possible [10: 60]. The author argues that the members of the paradigm of words connected by graduonymic relations will be connected in different designations by such relations as increasing or decreasing the same sign in different quantities. At first glance, the boundary between synonymy and graduonymy is clearly similar – if the denotations coincide, synonymy, if the denotations differ in the number of qualitative features among themselves, graduonymy. Because in graduonymic paradigms such as stream →big stream → channel → River (ariq → soy → kanal → daryo), in the case of an increase in volume with a leak sign, the size of the leak sign is small – a stream, the size of the leak sign is small compared to a stream – a stream and the like. G.Rakhmonov found in the "Explanatory Dictionary of Synonyms of the Uzbek language" that the number of synonymous rows in lexemes representing the name is 287, 53 of which have the opportunity to come into connection with the phenomenon of graduonymy. In the philosophical dictionary, the word "daraja", which is based on the phenomenon of graduation, is explained as follows: “Daraja – an indicator of the stage at which things and phenomena are organized and developing. For example, the levels of the structure of matter include the inorganic level (inanimate nature), the organic level (wildlife) and the social level (society). And the levels of the scale structure include micro-level, macro-level and megalevels” [13: 100]. However, in the encyclopedic dictionary, the word "daraja" is defined as follows: "(1) in mathematics, the product of several numbers (or expressions) equal to each 09.00.00-Falsafa fanlari other. In the theory of analytic functions, the base and exponent are the complex numbers ( Moivre's formula); 2) thermometer, barometer and b. units of measurement on the instrument scale; angle measurements (again q. Degree)" [14: 82]. The Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek language lists 12 meanings of the word "Daraja", 3 of which have acquired a terminological meaning: “Daraja" [stage; rank, title; adultery] 1 Work-refers to the norm, limit of action, feature or condition; 2 Evolutionary or relative progress, stage of development; level, scale of heights. 3 Old. Career ladder, rank, career. 4 A scientific title that is awarded on the basis of certain rules and requirements for his work in the field of science. 5 qualification points obtained in the specialty. 6 career, attention in society, in life, among people.7 never, “x” time. 8 a little bit, just a little bit. 9 math. Unit of measurement of angle and circle arc. 10 phys. Thermometer, barometer and etc. The instrumental scale of the cheesecake and dial shows the temperature depending on the quantity. 11 math. The product of equal factors, the result obtained by multiplying the number itself by. 12 Ling. Character is a grammatical category representing the excess-lack of a property, form” [12: 763-764]. The lexeme “Darajalamoq” followed by: “Darajalamoq- divide by levels. Align the thermometer” [12: 764]. Conclusions. The "Explanatory Dictionary of Linguistic Terms" by the scientist A.Khodzhiev lists such terms as the category of degrees, the juxtaposition of degrees associated with the phenomenon of assessment. The term level opposition within the framework of the level concept is described as follows: “level opposition – a contradiction based on the fact that each of the opposing sets has a different level of one character. For example., beautiful (chiroyli – suluv – barno – go’zal)” [5: 33]. It follows from lexicographic definitions that evaluation is a comprehensive, multi-valued word. The importance of dialectical philosophy, dialectical logic and dialectical epistemology for an in-depth and atrophied interpretation of the law (problem) of linguistic classification is undeniable. From the essence of grading, it can be understood that the integrity of being, the methodology of its research, being and leveling of its constituent realities lead to the conclusion that in a certain sense a small number of factors (causes) are more important than other factors that are usually taken together. References [1] Begmatov, E., Nematov, H., Rasulov, R. (1989) Lexical Microsystem and its research methodology (thesis of system lexicology) // Uzbek language and literature. Tashkent. № 6: 37. | Бегматов Э., Неъматов Ҳ., Расулов Р. (1989) Лексик микросистема ва унинг тадқиқ методикаси (систем лексикология тезислари) // Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти. Тошкент, 1989. № 6: 37. --- 297 --- NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son 09.00.00-Falsafa fanlari [2] Bozorov, O. (2023) Selected works. Volume 1. Tashkent: Zukhra Baraki Business. | Bozorov O. (2023) Tanlangan asarlar. 1-jild. Toshkent: Zuxra Baraka biznes. [3] Bozorov, O. (1997) Grading in Uzbek. Philol. Doctor of Sciences... Diss. autoref. Tashkent. | Бозоров О. (1997) Ўзбек тилида даражаланиш. Филол.фан. д-ри ... дисс. Тошкент. [4] Dzhumabayeva, Zh. (2016) Lexical and stylistic graduation in Uzbek and English. Tashkent. | Джумабаева Ж. (2016) Ўзбек ва инглиз тилларида лексик ҳамда стилистик градуонимия. Филол.фан. д-ри. дисс...автореф. Тошкент. [5] Hajiyev, A. Explanatory dictionary of linguistic terms. (2002) Tashkent: NEU. | Ҳожиев А. Тилшунослик терминларининг изоҳли луғати. – Тошкент: ЎзМЭ. [6] Mengliev, B., Gulyamova, S. (2022). Linguistic Modeling of Polysemous Words for the Semantic Analyzer of The Uzbek Language. Proceedings - 7th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering, UBMK: 518-522. [7] Mengliyev, B., Shahabitdinova, Sh., Khamroeva, Sh., Gulyamova, Sh., Botirova, A. (2021) The morphological analysis and synthesis of word forms in the linguistic analyzer. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, Vol 17, No 1:558564. [8] Nematov, H., Bozorov, O. (1993) Language and speech. Tashkent: Teacher. | Ne’matov H., Bozorov O. (1993) Til va nutq. Toshkent: O‘qituvchi. [9] Oriphjonova, Sh. (1996) Vocabulary graduation in the Uzbek language. Philol. Candidate of Sciences... diss. autoref. Tashkent. | Орифжонова Ш. (1996) Ўзбек тилида луғавий градуонимия: Филол. фан. номз...дисc. Тошкент. [10] Rakhmonov, G. (2018) The relationship of lexical synonymy and graduonymy in Uzbek. Fergana. | Раҳмонов Ғ. (2018) Ўзбек тилида луғавий синонимия ва градуонимиянинг ўзаро муносабати: Филол.фан. б. фалс. докт. ... дисс. Фарғона. [11] Safarova, R. (1990) Hyponymy in the Uzbek language (based on the material related to the use of zoonyms). Tashkent. Philol. Candidate of Sciences... diss. autoref. Tashkent. | Сафарова Р. (1990) Гипонимия в узбекском языке (на материале обще употребительных зоонимов): Дисс. …канд. филол. наук. Ташкент, 1990. [12] Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. 6 volumes. Volume 1. (2023) Tashkent: Gafur Gulyam | O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. 6 jildli. 1-jild. – Toshkent: G‘afur G‘ulom. [13] Philosophy. Encyclopedic dictionary. (2004) Tashkent:"Sharq" NAMK. | Фалсафа. Қомусий луғат. Тошкент: “Шарқ” НАМК. [14] The National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. 12 volumes, volume 3. (2001) Tashkent: NEU. | Ўзбекистон Миллий энциклопедияси. 12 жилдлик, 3-жилд. (2001) Тошкент: ЎзМЭ. --- 298 --- NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son journal.namdu.uz MUNDARIJA *** СОДЕРЖАНИЕ *** CONTENTS FIZIKA-MATEMATIKA FANLARI 01.00.00 - ФИЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS Vanadiy oqimli batariyalar uchun membrana. U.Berdiyev, A.Amirova................................................................................................................................................................ Tez yurar poezd harakati natijasida hosil bo’ladigan tebranishlarni ballast qismini ko’tarish hamda ballast qatlami gruntini o’zgartirish orqali. Sh.Yo‘ldoshev, A.Abdujabborov.................................................................................................................................................. Gibrid perovskit quyosh elementlarida ionlar va defektlar migratsiyasini funksional modda pbat yordamida passivatsiyalash. I.Tojiboyev, V.Quvondiqov, M.Imomov, A.Soatillayev............................................................................................................ Новый метод расчета плотности электронных состояний в дефектах аморфных полупроводников. Р.Жалалов, Р.Икрамов, М.Нуриддинова, Х.Муминов, Б.Султанов, О.Холмирзаев…………………………………. Bo‘r qo‘shilgan rux oksidi (zno:b) yupqa plenkalarning mikrostruktura va elektr xususiyatlari. N.Sultanov, F.Yusupov.................................................................................................................................................................. Molekulyar dinamika usullari yordamida C20 fullerenning rekonstruksiyalangan kremniy Si(001) sirti bilan o'zaro ta'sir jarayonlarini tahlil qilish. I.Urolov, I.Yadgarov....................................................................................................................................................................... Proporsional intensivliklar modelidagi approksimatsiya. G.Sayfulloyeva................................................................................................................................................................................ YBCO-(123) kuprati kritik parametrlarining statistik tahlili va kristal panjara tuzilishi. D.Djurayev, A.Turayev, O.Turayev............................................................................................................................................. О разрешимости краевой задачи для вязко-трансзвукового уравнения. Ю.Апаков, Х.Иброхимов............................................................................................................................................................. Evaluating cycle stability in aluminum-graphite battery systems: current insights and prospective improvements. Kh.Ashurov, Sh.Ch.Iskandarov, M.Adilov, Kh.Ashurov......................................................................................................... Fizika fanidan masalalar yechish orqali o‘quvchilarda kreativ fikrlash ko‘nikmasini rivojlantirish. M.Alinazarova, D.Xo‘jamberdiyev............................................................................................................................................... Delphi 6 dasturlash muhitida realtest dasturining server qismini yaratish. D.Aroyev.......................................................................................................................................................................................... Nanoiplarda energiya satxlari va to’lqin funksiyalari. A.Davlatov, B.Abdulazizov, D.O‘rinboyev, R.Muxiddinov..................................................................................................... Tor tebranish tenglamasi uchun koshi masalasining korrektligi haqida. B.Rahmonov, A.Muqumov............................................................................................................................................................ Existence and uniqueness of the solution of the nonlocal problem in fields with shifts from the characteristic for equations of the parabolic-hyperbolic type. B.Shoimov, A.Muqumov............................................................................................................................................................... Special classes of trajectories. M.Karimov, B.Ahmedov................................................................................................................................................................ Role of intergranular barriers in photosensitiveness of polycrystalline films from CdSeXS1-X solid solution. V.Mirzaev, N.Yuldashev................................................................................................................................................................ О корректности одной начально-граничной задачи для вырождающегося уравнения в частных производных высокого четного порядка. Д.Орипов......................................................................................................................................................................................... Influence of condensation rate of CdTe:Ag films with photoelectretic state without external polarizing field on their photoconductivity and short-circuit current spectra. O.Nurmatov, N.Yuldashev............................................................................................................................................................ Yutqazish ehtimolligi haqida. V.Xodjiyev, U.Karimov.................................................................................................................................................................. 3 9 14 20 25 29 34 39 43 49 54 58 62 67 70 76 82 88 97 101 KIMYO FANLARI 02.00.00 - ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2-fenilaminotetragidro-1,3-tiazepin gidroxloridi sintezi va spektral (iq, yamr) xususiyatlari. U.Mukhriddin, A.Eshimbetov, X.Xodjaniyoz............................................................................................................................. 106 NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son journal.namdu.uz Trisiklik triazolo pirimidinonlarning sintezi va ularning biologik faolligini baholash. 111 Z.Murtazayeva, A.Nasrullayev, X.Bozorov................................................................................................................................ 1-Nitrozo-2-Naftol-3,6-Disulfonik kislota Disodiy tuzi (Nitrozo R tuzi) Kobalt(II) ioniga analitik reagent sifatida. 114 N.Davronova, Z.Smanova, Z.Yaxshiyeva, D.Gafurova............................................................................................................ Bir yillik o’simlik poyalaridan laboratoriya sharoitida sellyuloza olish. 118 M.Mahmudov, G‘.Mamajanov, G‘.Doliyev................................................................................................................................ Neytrallanishdan hosil bo`lgan chiqindi suvlarning Mass-spektrofotometrdagi taxlili. 121 G.Isxakova, B.Sultonov, G‘.Doliyev, A.Abdulhaev, A.Nodirov, M.Murodov...................................................................... Natriy-Karboksimetilselluloza va Fosforli birikmalar asosidagi ingibitorlarning fizik-kimyoviy xususiyatlari. 126 L.Qurbanova, N.Eshmamatova, H.Akbarov.............................................................................................................................. Mis (II) formiatmetakrezoksiatsetat kalsiy kompleks birikmasi kimyoviy va biologik xossalarining nazariy tahlili. 131 M.Yaxshimuratov, Sh.Hasanov, Z.Abdullayeva........................................................................................................................ Noma’lum solvat bilan luteolinning kristall strukturasi. Sh.Sulaymonov, Sh.Abdullayev, M.Hakimov............................................................................................................................ 136 BIOLOGIYA FANLARI 03.00.00 - БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CRISPR/CAS-9 yordamida makkajo’xorining zmesk1 geni o’chirilgan qurg’oqchilikka chidamli liniyalarini olish. A.Yusupov, M.Ayubov, M.Mirzaxmedov, A.Murodov, N.Obidov, B.Mamajonov, Z.Bashirxonov, L.Kamolova.......... Farg‘ona vodiysi sharoitida uchrovchi uy parranda gelmintlarining taksonomik tahlili. B.Abduvaliyev.................................................................................................................................................................................. Influence of a mixture of glycine, proline and ascorbic acid on carbohydrate metabolism in experimental necrotizing myocardial lesions. D.Rashidova..................................................................................................................................................................................... Turli sharoitlarda o‘suvchi platanus orientalis barglarida stressning asosiy markerlarining o‘zgarishi. S.Muxamedova................................................................................................................................................................................. Orenburg zotli uloqlarda jinsiy dimorfizmga bog‘liq ayrim klinik ko‘rsatkichlari dinamikasi. B.Djambilov...................................................................................................................................................................................... G‘o‘zaning morfobiologik hamda xo‘jalik bеlgilarining irsiylanishini statistik taxlili. D.Komilov, M.Abduraxmonova, Sh.Mirzaolimov..................................................................................................................... Изменения в составе слюны морских свинок при дисбалансе микробиоты. Ш.Бабакулов, Д.Абдукаримов, Ш.Бабакулова....................................................................................................................... Jigarning monooksigenaza tizimi faolligi boʻyicha turli fenotipli kalamushlarning ba'zi fiziologik koʻrsatkichlari. N.Yuldashev, N.Mamazulunov, M.Xolmirzayeva, S.Xabibullaev........................................................................................... Qora baliq (Schizothorax Intermedius) ning uchraydigan suv havzalari, uning sistematik o‘rni va tashqi anatomik belgilari. D.Norova........................................................................................................................................................................................... Lallemantia Royleana (benth.) Benth ning urug‘ unuvchanligiga saqlash muddatlarining va gibberellinning ta’siri. A.Po‘latova, T.Maxkamov.............................................................................................................................................................. Turli yoshdagi kalamushlarning qon ishlash tizimiga gipokineziya va Γ-nurlanishining birgalikdagi ta’siri. Z.Dumaeva, G.Yuldasheva, K.Mamatxonova............................................................................................................................. Andijon viloyati suv havzalarida baliqchilikni rivojlantirish istiqbollari. D.Jambilov, Z.Turdiyev, A.Ummatov.......................................................................................................................................... Виталитетное состояние ценопопуляций Medicago Sativa в Узбекистане. У.Саитжанова, Х.Шомуродов, В.Шарипова............................................................................................................................ Структурные преобразования плодов и семян эфемеров Кызылкума. Г.Турсинбаева, Л.Эгамбердиева................................................................................................................................................. Markaziy Fargʻona botanik-geografik okrugi florasining “Oʻzbekiston milliy gerbariysi” (tash) fondida saqlanayotgan namunalarining oilalar boʻyicha tahlili va o’rganilish tarixi. I.Sharipov, A.Batoshov................................................................................................................................................................... Quyonlarning ayrim klinik ko‘rsatkichlariga havodagi ammiak gazi miqdorining ta’siri. B.Ibragimov...................................................................................................................................................................................... Farg‘ona vodiysida tarqalgan itsimonlar paraziti Taenia Multiceps sestodasining morfologiyasi va biologiyasi. 139 145 149 153 156 161 166 170 175 179 184 187 190 194 198 202 NamDU Ilmiy Axborotnomasi 2024-10-son journal.namdu.uz A.Sotiboldiyev, M.Egamberdiyev, A.Kuchboyev, X.Odiljonov............................................................................................... 206 FALSAFA FANLARI 09.00.00 - ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ НАУКИ PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES Abu Nasr Al-Farobiy ijtimoiy-axloqiy qarashlarida erkinlikni aks etishi. D.Raximdjanova............................................................................................................................................................................... Axloqiy prinsipning shakllanishi va jamiyat hayotidagi ahamiyati. X.Kipchoqov..................................................................................................................................................................................... Mamlakatimizda ma’naviy qadriyatlarni ijtimoiy barqarorlik omiliga aylantirishning yo’llari. Sh.Boybekova................................................................................................................................................................................... Анализ философского контекста восточного образа рано в романе «Скорпион из Алтаря» А.Кадыри. М.Холматова, Р.Замилова............................................................................................................................................................ Giyоhvandlik va uning yоshlar оrasidagi tarqalishi: tushunchalar va tarixiy kоntеkst. Z.Karimova....................................................................................................................................................................................... Abdurahmon Jomiy Rashha-Hikmatli so’zlarida komil insonga oid g‘oyalarning falsafiy tahlili. I.Boltaboyev...................................................................................................................................................................................... O‘zbekistonda ayollarning huquq va erkinliklarini ta’minlashga oid tarixiy jarayondagi jadidchilik harakati ahamiyatining ijtimoiy-falsafiy tahlili. D.Xaydarova..................................................................................................................................................................................... Jamiyat konsepsiyasi falsafiy tafakkur markazida. F.Kadirov........................................................................................................................................................................................... Yangi Oʻzbekistonda xotin-qizlarning jamiyat ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayotidagi oʻrni va roli. D.Redjabova...................................................................................................................................................................................... Bioetikaning dolzarb muammolarini ijtimoiy-falsafiy tahlil qilish. A.Maxmudova.................................................................................................................................................................................. Mediatsiya institutining genezisi va O‘zbekistonda rivojlanishitining ijtimoiy-falsafiy mohiyati. B.Abdullayev.................................................................................................................................................................................. Yоshlarda dindorlik omili. A.Mirzaxmedov, O.O‘rinov........................................................................................................................................................... Xitoy xalq tabobatining falsafiy mohiyati. L.Yuldasheva.................................................................................................................................................................................... Ekologik globallashuv jarayonida shaxs ekologik madaniyatini rivojlantirishda diniy qadriyatlar roli. F.Qilichev.......................................................................................................................................................................................... Oila an’anaviy qadriyatlar vorisiyligini ta’minlovchi institut sifatida. E.Oripova.......................................................................................................................................................................................... Abu Abdulloh Rudakiy qarashlaridagi adolat g‘oyasini hozirgi zamonga tranformatsiyalash istiqbollari. Q.Boymirzayev................................................................................................................................................................................. Yangi O‘zbekistonda uzluksiz ma’naviy tarbiya tizimi samaradorligini oshirishda musiqiy meros namunalaridan foydalanish imkoniyatlari. S.Mannapov...................................................................................................................................................................................... Philosophical and methodological foundations of the 80/20 principle. Sh.Kakhramonova........................................................................................................................................................................... Jamiyatda manfaatlar to‘qnashuvini oldini olish hamda bartaraf etish yo‘llari. S.Sohibov........................................................................................................................................................................................... Manipulyatsiya tuzulmasida ta’sir elementining namoyon bo‘lish xususiyatlari. X.Toshov............................................................................................................................................................................................ Ijtimoiy rivojlanishning zamonaviy tendensiyalari va istiqbollari. T.Xojiyev........................................................................................................................................................................................... Yoshlarni vatanparvarlik ruhidagi tarbiyasi orqali ularda ona vatanimizni asrash tuyg‘usini shakllantirish. D.Abdullayev................................................................................................................................................................................... Sharq falsafasida qadriyatlar masalasi. D.Ro‘zmatova................................................................................................................................................................................... Роль гражданского общества в повышении правовой культуры (социально-философский анализ). Р.Замилова, О.Хасанов.................................................................................................................................................................. Идеи гендерной толерантности в мировой классической литературе. М.Холматова................................................................................................................................................................................... Роль науки в процессе формирования и воспитания гармонично развитой личности. 211 217 224 228 232 236 240 244 248 254 259 263 267 274 279 285 289 292 299 303 309 316 319 323 327
