Private professional educational institution "Anapa Industrial College» Presentation Theme : «Law enforcement of the USA» The presentation was created by first-year Student Philipp Melnikov Specialization : 40.02.02 «Law enforcement» Anapa 2021 Сontents The first police forces The US police today Police functions Types of police Entry qualifications Police weapons Specialized weapons Police communications Transport of the Police History and interesting facts The United States inherited England’s Anglo-Saxon common law and its system of social obligation, sheriffs, constables, watchmen, and stipendiary justice. As both societies became less rural and agrarian and more urban and industrialized, crime, riots, and other public disturbances became more common. Yet Americans, like the English, were wary of creating standing police forces. Among the first public police forces established in colonial North America. • In this place watchmen organized in Boston in 1631 and in New Amsterdam (later New York City) in 1647. Although watchmen were paid a fee in both Boston and New York, most officers in colonial America did not receive a salary but were paid by private citizens, as were their English counterparts. • In the frontier regions of the United States in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, there arose a novel form of the Saxon tradition of frankpledge: the vigilante. In areas where a formal justice system had yet to be established or the rudimentary policing apparatus had proved inadequate in the face of rampant crime, it was not uncommon for citizens (called “regulators”) to band together in “committees of vigilance” to combat crime and to introduce order where none existed. This socially constructive form of vigilantism— lawlessness on behalf of lawfulness—and the question of when and where it degenerated into rank mob rule have been popular topics in American historiography. . The first police forces The investigation of crimes was not a central function of the early preventive police departments in England and the United States. Yet, despite the high hopes of reformers when they created police forces, the number of preventable crimes was limited. As crimes continued to occur, police were pressured into accepting responsibility for investigations and creating detective units. The London Metropolitan Police established the first detective branch in 1842; that unit became the Criminal Investigations Department (CID) in 1878. Detective units later were established in the police departments of many American cities, including New York City in 1857 In the 20-th police also engaged in and helped organize widespread election fraud in their role as political functionaries for the machine. In return, police had virtual carte blanche in the use of force and had as their primary business not crime control, but the solicitation and acceptance of bribes. It is incorrect to say the late 19th and early 20th century police were corrupt, they were in fact, primary instruments for the creation of corruption in the first place. Photos of XX-th police Law enforcement in the United States is one of three major components of the criminal justice system of the United States, along with courts and corrections. Although each component operates semi-independently, the three collectively form a chain leading from an investigation of suspected criminal activity to the administration of criminal punishment. Law enforcement operates primarily through governmental police agencies. There are 17,985 U.S. police agencies in the United States which include City Police Departments, County Sheriff's Offices, State Police/Highway Patrol and Federal Law Enforcement Agencies. The law-enforcement purposes of these agencies are the investigation of suspected criminal activity, referral of the results of investigations to state or federal prosecutors, and the temporary detention of suspected criminals pending judicial action. Police functions Peace and order maintenance. Law enforcement. Crime Prevention. Crime Detection. Crime Solution. Types of police Policing in the US is conducted by numerous agencies at many different levels. Their duties varies from state to state. Federal Police was founded two hundred years old. The Department of Justice (DOJ) is responsible for most law enforcement duties at the federal level. It includes the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), the United States Marshals Service and others. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is another branch with numerous federal law enforcement agencies. Types of police State Police States police agencies provide law enforcement duties, including investigations and state patrols. They may be called State Police, State Patrol or Highway Patrol. Types of police Sheriffs' departments In the United States, a sheriff is generally, but not always, the highest law enforcement officer of a county. A sheriff is in most cases elected by the population of the county. In some states the sheriff is officially titled "High Sheriff", although the title is very rarely actually used. They provide all traditional law-enforcement functions, including countywide patrol and investigations. Sheriffs' departments are divided into 3 categories: • Full service • Limited service • Restricted service Types of police County Police • County law enforcement is provided by Sheriffs' Departments or Offices and County police. • County police tend to exist only in metropolitan counties and have countywide jurisdiction. • Hawaii - Hawaii has only county police, there are no local police. County police is divided into three broad categories: • Full-service • Limited service • Restricted service Types of police • Other The other types of special police departments are: • Transport police. • Campus police. • Airport police. • Park police. • Police departments responsible for protection property of government. Entry qualifications To be a citizen of US. To have a high school diploma or a college degree, or service in the United States military; To be in good physical and psychological condition; To have a valid driver's license with a clean driving record; To be of high moral character; Not to use narcotics or alcohol; Not to have a history of ethical, professional or financial violations; Not to have a history of domestic violence or mental illness; To be legally eligible to own and carry a firearm. Police weapons Handguns Police in the United States usually carry a handgun on duty. Many are required to be armed on-duty and offduty. Some police departments allow qualified officers to carry shotguns and/or semiautomatic rifles in their vehicles for additional firepower. Specialized weapons Most large police departments have elite SWAT units which are called in to settle dangerous situations. These units usually have e guns, carbines or rifles, shotguns, sniper rifles, gas, smoke and grenades, and other specialized weapons . A few departments have an armored vehicle for especially dangerous work. Most American police departments are dispatched from a centralized communications center. American police cars are equipped with portable computers linked by radio to a network allowing them access to state department of motor vehicles information, criminal records, and other important information. The number "911" is the universal emergency number for everyone in the United States. In 2000, approximately 150 million calls were made to 911, according to the National Emergency Number Association (NENA). The New York City Sheriff's Office was founded in 1626. The first local police department was the Boston Police Department in 1838. The New York City Police Department was founded in 1845. The first women were assigned as officers in California, 1910. . Thanks for watching! .
