Кафедра Иностранных языков ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА ТЕМГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Ы ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ Тема 1. Общие сведения о странах английского языка. • Общее количество стран английского языка, их распределение по континентам. • Краткие сведения об истории, государственном устройстве крупнейших англоязычных стран разных континентов. 2 ОБЩИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ О СТРАНАХ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНЫЕ СТРАНЫ 3 ОБЩИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ О СТРАНАХ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА Англосфера (англ. Anglosphere) — это совокупность англоязычных стран, цивилизационный облик которых характеризуется рядом общих черт, обусловленных особо тесной исторической связью этих стран с Британскими островами (имеются в виду в первую очередь такие страны как Великобритания, США, Канада 4 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Official Name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Continent Europe Lat Long 54 00 N, 2 00 W Capital London Largest City London Area 243,610 km2 (94,060 sq mi )Water (%) 1.34 Population 64,088,222 (July 2015 est.) 5 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Official Language English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish Major Religion Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, HinduismismChristian (includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 59.5%, Muslim 4.4%, Hindu 1.3%, other 2%, unspecified 7.2%, none 25.7% (2011 est.) National day 12. April 1927 6 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Form of Government Unitary parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy President Elizabeth II ( Monarch) 7 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Prime Minister David Cameron 8 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Currency Pound Sterling (GBP) GDP $2.42 trillion (2014 est.) Calling code +44 Time Zone GMT (UTC?) Summer (DST) BST (UTC+1) 9 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Герб Великобритании 10 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Девиз «Dieu et mon droit» «(Бог и моё право)» 11 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast respectively. 12 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА 13 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Geographical Position The British isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest - east, center and southeast - is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain. (1343) 14 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Rivers There are a lot of rivers in GB, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. 15 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Population The UK is one of the world’s smallest countries. The population of the country is over 87 million and about 80% of it is urban. 16 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Industry The UK is highly developed industrial country. It’s known as one of world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. 17 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА The UK is constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen, but in practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 18 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА Goverment There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Liberal party is the ruling party nowadays. 19 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA 20 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA Official Name The United States of America Continent North America Lat Long 38.8833° N, 77.0167° W Capital Washington DC Largest City New York City Area 9,826,675 sq. km. Population 321,368,864 (July 2015 est.) 21 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA Official Language None at federal level English 79.2%, Spanish 12.9%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 3.3%, other 0.9% (2011 est.) National day 4 July 1776 (declared); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain) Form of Government Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic 22 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA President Barack Hussein Obama II 23 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA Vice President Joe Biden 24 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA Currency United States dollar (USD) GDP$17.418 trillion (2014 Est.) Calling code+1 Time Zone(UTC-5 to -10) Summer (DST) (UTC-4 to -10) 25 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА 26 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by t he Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The USA is separated from Canada in the north by the 49th parallel an d the Great Lakes, and from Mexico in the south by a line following the Rio Grande River and contin uing across the highlands to the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the USA is over 9 million square kilometres. 27 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA 28 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA The principal rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the longest river in the world (7,330 km) and the Hudson river. 29 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA The population of the United States of America is about 250 million people, who are called Americans. 30 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia. 31 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА USA The USA is a federal country of 50 states and the District of Columbia. The political life of the country has always been dominated by the two major parties: the Democratic party and the Republican party. At an election time they contest presidency and the majority of seats in the Congress. The Congress is the highest legislative body of the country. It consists of two chambers— the House of Representatives and the Senate. The President, elected by the whole nation for four years, is head of the state and the Government. 32 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA 33 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA Official Name Commonwealth of Australia Continent Oceania Lat Long 27 00 S, 133 00 E Capital Canberra Largest City Sydney Area 7,741,220 sq km Population 22,751,014 (July 2015 est.) 34 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA Official Language English Major Religion Protestant 30.1% (Anglican 17.1%, Uniting Church 5.0%, Presbyterian and Reformed 2.8%, Baptist, 1.6%, Lutheran 1.2%, Pentecostal 1.1%, other Protestant 1.3%), Catholic 25.3% (Roman Catholic 25.1%, other Catholic .2%), other Christian 2.9%, Orthodox 2.8%, Buddhist 2.5%, Muslim 2.2%, Hindu 1.3%, other 1.3%, none 22.3%, unspecified 9.3% (2011 est.) 35 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA National day 1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies) Form of Government Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy President Elizabeth II ( Monarch) 36 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA Vice President Sir Peter Cosgrove (Governor-General ) 37 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA Prime Minister Tony Abbott 38 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA Currency Australian dollar (AUD) GDP $1.137 trillion (2015 Est.) Calling code +61 Time Zone various (UTC+8 to +10.5) Summer (DST) various (UTC+8 to +11.5) 39 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА 40 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA Australia is a large country lying between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Australia is an island, like Britain, but unlike Britain, it is vast. It is, in fact, nearly twenty-five times as large as the British Isles. Its area is about 8,000,000 square km 41 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA The population of Australia is about 18 mln. Most of Australia is semidesert. People cannot live where there is no water, and so most of people in Australia live in the richer south-east. 42 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA The national holiday, Australia Day, is now celebrated on or near January 26th in memory of landing of the British in 1788. 43 ГЕОГРАФИЯ СТРАН ПЕРВОГО ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА AUSTRALIA Australia is an independent federative state consisting of 6 states and 2 territories. It is a member of the Commonwealth headed by the British Queen. The national language is English. The capital of Australia is Canberra; the largest cities are Sidney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. 44 ЛИТЕРАТУРА – Леонович О.А. Страноведение Великобритании. – 4-е изд. – М.: КДУ, 2009. – Колыхалова О.А., Махмурян К.С. Britain. М.:МПГУ, 2012. – Морозова Е.А. Великобритания. Соединенные Штаты Америки. Канада. Австралия. Учебно-методическое пособие по страноведению и лингвострановедению. М.:МГПИ, 2012. – Горская М.В. Англо-русский и русско-английский словарь географических названий. М.: Русский язык, 1994. – Ощепкова В.В., Шустилова И.И. Краткий англо- русский лингвострановедческий словарь. Великобритания, США, Канада, Австралия, Новая Зеландия. М.: Флинта, Наука, 2001. – Томахин Г.Д. По странам изучаемого языка. Английский язык. Справочные материалы. (Across the Countries of the English Language). М.: Просвещение, 1998. – Алексеева А.А., Сирота О.С. Знаете ли вы Великобританию? Тесты по страноведению на английском языке: учебное пособие – 2-е изд. – М.: КДУ, 2011. 45 Презентации, рефераты 1. Великобритания. Географическое положение • England • Wales • Scotland • Northern Ireland 46 2. Соединенные штаты Америки. Географическое положение. 3. Австралия. 47 48
