Обзор результатов круиза в рамках проекта

Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Семинар “Организация
биологического
Meeting
Name, Dates,
Venue мониторинга Черного моря с борта судна и на стационарных
прибрежных станциях, 22-25 февраля 2016, Одесса, Украина
Обзор результатов круиза в рамках проекта
MISIS и MSFD/WFD национальных
мониторинговых программ по интеркалибрации в странах-членах Евросоюза
Снежана Мончева
ИО-БАН, Болгария
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
The concept:
1)Based
on
unified
assessment system which
allow comparison between
EU Seas
2)Respecting
the
peculiarities
of
each
individual sea
3) in compliance to RSC
1. Preserve commercial marine living resources.
2. Conservation of Black Sea Biodiversity and Habitats.
3. Reduce eutrophication.
4. Ensure Good Water Quality for Human Health,
BSSAP2009- OBJECTIVES
Recreational Use and Aquatic BiotaReduce
pollutants originating from land based sources,
including atmospheric emissions.
Reduce pollutants originating from shipping
activities and offshore installations
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
D1
D3
D8
D4
D2
29 criteria
56 indicators
D6
D7
D5
D9 D10
D11
After A.Borja, Conference MARES2020, Varna 2013
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
D
P
S
I
R
Expert opinion
Reference state
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
After A.Borja, Varna 2013
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Ecological Quality Ratio EQR
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Target Value/GES
целевое значение
EQR -Соотношение экологическое качество
отношение наблюдаемого значения биологического
параметра k референтнoм величине
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue Marine Regions - MSFD
Black Sea
4
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
BG
RO
WFD Water bodies
Transitional and coastal -1nm
Typology: tidal range and salinity, mean
substratum composition, current
velocity /wave exposure, depth
https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/85912f96-4dca-432e-84d6a4dded785da5/Guidance%20No%205%20%20characterisation%20of%20coastal%20waters%20%20COAST%20(WG%202.4).pdf
MSFD
Water column habitats
Reduced salinity water
Variable salinity (estuarine) water
Marine water: coastal
Marine water: shelf
Marine water: oceanic
 Benthic habitats
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name,
Dates, Venue
Benthic
habitats
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Littoral rock and biogenic reef
Littoral sediment
Shallow sublittoral rock and biogenic reef
Shallow sublittoral coarse sediment
Shallow sublittoral sand
Shallow sublittoral mud
Shallow sublittoral mixed sediment
Shelf sublittoral rock and biogenic reef
Shelf sublittoral coarse sediment
Shelf sublittoral sand
Shelf sublittoral mud
Shelf sublittoral mixed sediment
Upper bathyal rock and biogenic reef
Upper bathyal sediment
Lower bathyal rock and biogenic reef
Lower bathyal sediment
Abyssal rock and biogenic reef
Abyssal sediments
Currently, in the Black Sea
there are two classification
systems of habitats in
different development stages:
NATURA 2000 and EUNIS.
NATURA 2000 is the most
used, but following European
tendency to classify all
habitats after EUNIS, in this
study and EUNIS system was
applied to align to EC
requirements.
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting
Name, Dates, Venue
WATER
HABITATS
Concept: definition of specific ecohydrodynamic regions based on similarities
of the seasonal cycle
E. Peneva, V. Slabakova, S.Moncheva- IA Report, 2013
Data:
SeaWiFS Level 3 daily images of Chlorophyll a (CHL) from January 1998 to November
2010 were obtained from the Ocean Color Web (http://oceancolor.dsfc.nasa.gov);
еженедельные координатные данные уровня моря аномалииWeekly gridded data
of sea level anomaly (SLA) were obtained from AVISO database
(http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com)
Methods:
Monthly mean data of CHL A and SLA were generated from daily and weekly products
in order to identify the seasonal cycle of the Black Sea ecosystem.
методом эмпирической ортогональной функции EOF empirical orthogonal function
EOF method (Stephenson et al., 2000) was applied to identify correlation between
different points within the region of interest.
Average by area was applied for CHL A data in order to assess its temporal variability in
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Application of the approach for delineation of pelagic
habitats for the purpose of MSFD implementation in
the Bulgarian Black Sea waters
2nd step:
Assessment of
CHL A
variation by
regions
1st step: EOF analysis (identification of pelagic
habitats)
4th step: Calculation of the habitat areas
3rd step: Pelagic habitats
mapping
The coastal and shelf habitats are subdevided into
northern and southern based on the degree of
anthropogenic impacts mainly by the danube
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
The first EOF of the Chl A data is
responsible for significant part of
variability, 47% (Fig. 1-A) and
discriminates very well the coastal (0-30
m), shelf (30-200 m) and open sea (>
200 m) areas, the first EOF of the SLA
data is responsible for 33% of the
variance and distinguishes between the
deep open sea basin and the coastal
zone (Fig 1-B), which basically expresses
the seasonal intensification of the Rim
current.
The second EOF of CHL A (Fig2-A) shows in principle the regions in the Western basin
which are most influenced by the Danube river water. The second SLA EOF (Fig. 2- B)
identifies the regions which are well known as the quasi-stationary eddies in the Black
Sea (Batumi eddy, Sevastopol eddy, Kerch area). This is a clear sign that the higher EOF
modes are related to the mesoscale variability.
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
A)
B)
The identified habitats are well in conformity with the regions deliniated based on the
degree of anthropogenic impact, surface currents, ecosystem productivity ): marine
waters productivity and bathymetry reported in previous studies (A- Kopelevich et al,
2002 and B- Finenko et al, 2010) as well as the MSFD suggested approach for marine
waters (3): marine waters coastal (4); ): marine waters oceanic (6)
выявленные места обитания
в соответствии с регионами очерченных в
зависимости от степени антропогенного воздействия , поверхностных течений ,
продуктивности экосистемы , опубликованные в предыдущих исследованиях
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
BENTHIC
HABITATS
(BGDates,
EEZ) Venue
Meeting
Name,
Methodology includes several levels of downscaling:Geomorphological zones : continental shelf,
continental slope and abysal plane
Todorova et al, BG IAReport 2013
The continental shelf is subdivided
into: coastal, central and peripheral
based on hydrodynamics related to
the depth of the water column,
morphology of the bottomscape and
intensity of the abrasion
and
accumulating processes.
The coastal shallow zone (depth
20m) is subdivided into 5 main zones
based on 2 main features:
morphohydrographic
and
morphometric
1-coastal; 2- inner depression; 3-swells (Kaliakra
and Emine); 4: indented shelf plain, 5- peripheral
shelf; 6- outer depression; underwater swells at
the shelf edge;
shelf-continental slope; 9continental slope-abysal
І. c. Sivriburun – c. Kaliakra
ІІ.c. Kaliakra - c. Galata
ІІІ. c. Galata – c. Emine
ІV. c.Emine – c.Sozopol
V. c. Sozopol – Rezovo river
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Central shelf (20 – 90/95 m) with 4
subregions:
inner
depression;
acumulative swells; weakly indented
plain, and indented plain and 3
regions for the IA: North, Central and
Southern
Peripheral zone (90-110/120m)
Map of regions of assessments (BG)
Map of sediment types
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Borja et al., 2013. GES of marine ecosystems:What is it and how do we know when we have attained it? Mar. Poll.Bul.,
Хорошее состояние окружающей среды достигается когда физикохимические (включая загрязняющие
вещества, мусор и шум) и гидрофизические условия поддерживаются на таком уровне, что все
структурные компоненты экосистемы сохраняются, что позволяет нормальное функционирование
экосистемы для обеспечения сопротивления и упругости (устойчивость к стрессу и восстановление после
стресса) к вредному воздействию деятельности человека, сохраняя и обеспечивая экосистемные
услуги, которые предоставляют социальные выгоды на устойчивой основе (натиск, связанный с
использованием, комулятивно не мешает сохранению естественного биоразнообразия, продуктивности и
динамики экологических процессов и восстановление протекает быстро
когда использование
перекращается)
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting
Name, Dates, Venue
MSFD compliance
– MISIS Project example
Sampling polygons and sampling
stations
Parameters
Methodology of data acquisition and
processing - intercomparisson
Indicators for GEnS assessment
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
MISIS Joint Cruise - 22 -30 July 2013
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Sampling polygons and sampling stations
RV Akademik
Map of sampling stations
Habitat
Coastal
Shelf
RO
M1
M2, M3,
M4,M5
BG
M12
M9, M10,
M11
TR
M18
M17,
M16, M15
Open
M6,M7
M8,M13
M14
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Five benthic habitats have been found in the
study area based on samples analysis:
•
Moderately exposed lower
infralittoral sand with Chamelea gallina and
Lucinella divaricata,
•
Upper circalittoral mud with Abra,
Spisula, Pitar, Cardiidae, Nephtys, etc,
•
Mytilus galloprovincialis beds on
mud and sandy mud,
•
Circalittoral shelly silt with
Modiolula phaseolina (include Terebellides,
Amphiura, Pachyceriantus and large tunicates
(Ascidiella, Ciona)).
•
Lower circalittoral mud with
Terebellides stroemi
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Parameters
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
TO MEASURE WHAT
Parameters proposed to be measured during
M=mandatory
According to BSIMAP
O=optional
Water
Priority parameters
Hidrology
Physical
Temperature
Salinity
Secchi disc
Chemical
pH
O2, µM
O2, %
TSS
BOD5
TOC
H2S
PO4
P total
NH4
NO2
NO3
N total
SiSiO4
Hypoxia
M
Sediment
O
M
O
Biota
M
O
Parameter
proposed for
intercalibration
Pollution
Trace metals
Fe
Mn
Zn
Co
As
Hg
Cu
Cd
Pb
Ni
Cr
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Pesticides
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
DDT
DDD
DDE
Lindane
HCB
Heptaclor
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
PCBs
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
PCB28
PCB52
PCB101
PCB118
PCB153
PCB138
PCB180
TPHs
Crysene
Naphtalene
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Crysene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo (g,h,i)perylene
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment
*
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
PARAMETERS
BG Example
Meeting
Name, Dates, Venue
9
1 3
10
15
5
9
125
5
8
9
11
9
17
11
7
7
7
PHYS
CHEM
HM-W
HM-B
HM-S
Sed
PCBs-W
PCBs-S
OCP-W
PCBs-S
OCP-S
TPHs-W
OCP-B
TPHs-S
BIOTA
PAH-W
ML
PAH-S
PAH-B
125
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Methodology
data acquisition
and processing - /intercomparisson
Meeting Name,ofDates,
Venue
intercalibration
Parameters - sampling equipment and methodology
Equipment
Consumables
Responsible partner
Parameters
Table Methods inventory for ………..phytoplankton lab analysis and taxonomic
identification
Column1
Column2
Column3
Column4
Participant
Sample
fixation
Sample
concentration
Volume of subCounting chamber Type of microscope subsample
Segwick Rafter
Nicon inverted+
Utermol
immage analysis
1 ml
IO-BAS
Decantation Utermol
Column5
Column6
0.1 ml
NIMRD
…..
Decantation Utermol Utermol
Inverted
Column7
Column8
No cells
counted per
Magnification sample
20X; 40X
400 cells
Column9
Column10
Column11
Biomass
calculation
Reference
Comment
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
INTERCOMPARISSON OF THE RESULTS
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Statistical evaluation based on the z-score according to “The
International Harmonized Protocol for the Proficiency Testing of
Analytical Chemistry Laboratories (IUPAC Technical Report)
(IUPAC, 2006), ISO 13528 (2005)
phytoplankton proficiency test in the Baltic (Reports of the
Finnish Environment Institute 5, 2010).
BODC Parameter Usage Vocabulary (SEADATA Net Project) – for
the data base
http://seadatanet.maris2.nl/v_bodc_vocab_v2/browse_export
.asp?l=p01&all=yes&description=1&x=54&y=10
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Indicators
for GEnS
assessment
Meeting Name,
Dates,
Venue
D1. Biodiversity
Phytoplankton
size structure, potentially toxic species, autho/heterothrophs;
Sannon 95 biodiversity index, HPLC pigment analysis
N [cells/l]
B
[mg/m^3]
Сhl1
[mg/m^3]
M01
670365
666.237
2.6
0.05
0.05
1.04
69.11
0.64
M12
1242574
342.592
1.2
0.07
0.04
4.02
77.04
0.66
M18
444974
293
0.8
0.07
0.02
0
34.07
0.77
Station
Menh
Sheld
MEC
[%]
DE
[%]
IBI
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting
Name, Dates, Venue
Mesozooplankton
Biomass,mg/m3 (summer)
Coastal- 550-280 Shelf – 300-130 Open sea – 150-50
GES Copepoda - > 42% from the total biomass
отлично
добро
умерен
о
лошо
мн.лошо
Н’
>3.5
3.5-2.5
2.5-1.5
1.5-1
<1
EQR
1-0.8
0.8-0.6
0.6-0.2
0.2-0.1
мг.м-3
отлично
добро
умерено
лошо
мн.лошо
EQR
<50
1-0.9
50-250
0.9-0.8
250-500
0.8-0.2
500-2500
0.2-0.1
>2500
0
N. scintil
lans
г.м-3
M. leidyi
EQR
0
отлично
добро
умерено
лошо
мн.лошо
0
1-0.9
1-4
0.9-0.7
4-20
0.7-0.2
20-50
0.2-0.1
>50
0
GES - <30% of the total biomass
GES- < 4g/m3
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Macrozoobenthos
Водни тела с тинест дънен субстрат
Meeting
Name, Dates, Venue
отлич
Екологич
но
състояние
Ср.
стойност
Гранични
стойности
EQR
добро
умерено
лошо
мн.
лошо
3.6
2.9
2.2
1.5
0.7
H' ≥
3.3
≥ 0.92
3.3 > H'
≥ 2.5
0.69
2.5 > H'
≥ 1.8
0.50
1.8 > H'
≥ 1.1
0.31
но
H' < 1.1
< 0.31
Водни тела с пясъчен и смесен дънен субстрат
Екологич
но
състояние
Ср.
стойност
Гранични
стойности
EQR
отлич
но
добро
умерено
лошо
мн.
лошо
4.5
3.6
2.7
1.8
0.9
4 > H' ≥
3.1
0.69
3.1 > H'
≥ 2.2
0.49
2.2 > H'
≥ 1.3
0.29
H' ≥ 4
≥ 0.89
H' < 1.3
< 0.29
Метри
отли
мн.
добро умерено лошо
ка
чно
лошо
AMBI 0.0 < AMBI 1.2 < AMBI 3.3 < AMBI 4.3 < AMBI 5.5 < AMBI
EQR
≤ 1.2
≤ 3.3
≤ 4.3
≤ 5.5
≤ 7.0
≥ 0.83
0.53
0.39
0.21
< 0.21
Метр отличн
добро
умерено
лошо
ика
о
M-AMBI 0.85 > M0.55 > M0.39 > MMAMBI ≥ 0.85 AMBI ≥ 0.55 AMBI ≥ 0.39 AMBI ≥ 0.20
≥ 0.85
0.55
0.39
0.20
EQR
мн.
лошо
0.20 >
M-AMBI
< 0.20
GES in 56%, remaining 44% not
Meiobenthos
RO
BG
TR
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
D2. Non-indigenous
species
Meeting
Name, Dates,
Venue
< 10%
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Descriptor
5: Determination
Meeting
Name,
Dates, Venueof Good Environmental Status (GES) &
Establishment of Environmental Targets (Articles 8, 9 & 10 MSFD)
Human-induced eutrophication is minimised, especially adverse effects thereof, such as losses in
biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, harmful algal blooms and oxygen deficiency in bottom
waters.
5.1. Nutrients levels
— Nutrients concentration in the water column (5.1.1)
— Nutrient ratios (silica, nitrogen and phosphorus), where appropriate (5.1.2)
5.2. Direct effects of nutrient enrichment
— Chlorophyll concentration in the water column (5.2.1)
— Water transparency related to increase in suspended algae, where relevant (5.2.2)
— Abundance of opportunistic macroalgae (5.2.3)
— Species shift in floristic composition such as diatom to flagellate ratio, benthic to pelagic
shifts, as well as bloom events of nuisance/toxic algal blooms (e.g. cyanobacteria) caused by
human activities (5.2.4)
5.3. Indirect effects of nutrient enrichment
— Abundance of perennial seaweeds and seagrasses (e.g. fucoids, eelgrass and Neptune grass)
adversely impacted by decrease in water transparency (5.3.1)
— Dissolved oxygen, i.e. changes due to increased organic matter decomposition and size of the
area concerned (5.3.2).
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
5.1. Nutrients
Meeting
Name,levels
Dates, Venue
— Nutrients concentration in the water column (5.1.1)
Parameters: N-NO3, N-NH3, P-PO4, Si
Data:2000- 2005 – 2006-2011 (aggregated by periods)
Baseline values: the present state
Targets:
Reduction of nutrients in the coastal zone
Reduction of N in the shelf region
Spring
Concentrations,
Summer
μМ/l
coast
shelf
open sea
coast
shelf
open sea
Р-PO4
N-NO3
N- NH4
0.30
2.5
1.5
0.2
1.5
1
0.2
1
1
0.25
1.5
1.5
0.2
1
1
0.1
0.8
0.8
— Nutrient ratios (silica, nitrogen and phosphorus), where appropriate (5.1.2)
Parameters: N/P, Si/N, Si/P
Data: 2007-2011 (spring-summer)
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
5.2. Direct
effects
of nutrient
Meeting
Name,
Dates,
Venueenrichment
— Chlorophyll concentration in the water column (5.2.1)
Data:1990- 2011 (spring-summer), field and satellite data for the shelf (1998-2010)
Baseline values: the concept applied for the WFD, the lower quartile of long-term data
(1990-2011); for the open sea literature data were used
Threshold: deviation from the reference (EQR = 0.63), in compliance to WFD
good/moderate class boundary
Base-line thresholds values, mg/m3
Season
Spring
Summer
1.2 - 1.7
0.6 -0.8
0.8 - 1.0
0.5-0.7
0.2-0.25
0.15-0.2
Coastal
Shelf
Open sea
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting
Name, Dates,related
Venue to increase in suspended algae, where relevant (5.2.2)
—
Water transparency
Data:1990- 2011 (spring-summer), field and satellite data for the shelf (1998-2010)
Baseline values:90 percentile of long-term data (1991-2011) for the coastal-shelf
and historical published reference data (Vladimirov et al., 1997)
Thresholds: accepted deviation from the base-line (EQR-0.63)
Threshold /baseline values
Season
Spring
Summer
4.5 - 7
5.5-7
7-9
8 -10
14-18
18-20
Coastal
Shelf
Open sea
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
BEAST
tool
Meeting
Name, Dates, Venue



Temperature and salinity
were measured as support
parameters.
Causes of eutrophication – nutrients in the water column
Phosphate, Nitrogen inorganic forms – nitrate, nitrite and ammonium,
Silicate (µM)(N=223)
Based on the satisfactory
results of the intercalibration
exercise performed in July
2013, the datasets are
comparable and valid to be
used in a common
assessment (Report on the
MISIS cruise Intercalibration
Exercise: Chemistry, 2014).
BEAST (Black Sea
Eutrophication ASsessment
Tool) is a similar tool with
HEAT (Helcom Eutrophication
Assessment Tool) developed
by HELCOM (HELCOM, 2014)
and BSC (Baltic2Black project)
– surface data (N=47)
Direct effects
Chlorophyll a (µg/L) (N=122)
Indirect effects
Bottom Dissolved Oxygen,
Transparency, m (N=37)
µM and % (N=190)
Integrated assessment – based on reference values
BEAST tool
Lazar L., Boicenco L., Moncheva S., Shtereva G., Beken C., Vasiliu D. 2015,
33
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Habitat
PO4
Meeting
(*bottomName, Dates, Venue
TNOx
µM
µM
depth )
BG
Coastal
(>30m*)
Shelf
(31-200m)
Open
(>200m)
RO
TR
BG
0.25 0.15
1.5
0.20 0.20 0.15
1.0
RO
Chl a
µg/L
TR
4.0
BG
0.8
0.5
0.8
TR
BG
3.9
RO
7.0
7.5
10
9.0
18.0
9.0
1.0
0.6
2.0
0.10 0.20
RO
SDD
m
Bottom DO
%
TR
5.0
BG
RO
TR
80
2.0
0.2
Histogram of BEAST
28
26
55%
GES
non-GES
Score
BEAST
1
High
2
Good
3
Moderate
4
Poor
5
Bad
24
22
GES
20
No of obs
18
16
14
12
21%
10
Non-GES
15%
8
6
4
2
0
H
G
M
BEAST
4%
4%
P
B
34
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
D8.
Contaminants
Meeting
Name, Dates, Venue
In water - Thresholds set by Directive 2013/39EU
In sediments – different available environmental
standards - a need to develope Black Sea
standards
D9. Contaminants in biota
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Rapana venosa
Scapharca inequalis
Cd
Свинец
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting
Name,
Dates, Venue
MARINE
LITTER
Quantification
6 stations – 3 coastal and 3 shelf selected at areas under high pressure
(marine traffic) and fishing and the samples sorted and analyzed based on the
Remotely Operated Vehicles
(ROV) Mariscope
Beam trawl
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Environmental Monitoring
in the Black Sea
Meeting Name, Dates, Venue
Thank you for your attention
Thank you for your attention