Южный Федеральный Университет Т.Б. Чернухина, Э.В. Якуба Сборник устных тем для студентов заочного отделения 1 и 2 курсов Учебно-методическое пособие Ответственный редактор кандидат филологических наук Т.С.Шишкина Ростов-на-Дону 2012 2 Печатается по решению кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов ЮФУ, протокол №1 от 31.08.12 Ответственный редактор кандидат филологических наук Т.С.Шишкина Чернухина Т.Б. , Якуба Э.В. Сборник устных тем для студентов заочного отделения 1и 2 курсов. 2012. - 23 Учебно-методическое пособие содержит необходимый учебный материал и упражнения для изучения устных тем, предусмотренных учебным планом. Пособие предназначено для студентов ОЗО гуманитарных факультетов 1 и 2 курсов. 3 Предисловие Основной целью данного учебно-методического пособия является развитие у студентов умения высказываться по заданной тематике, а также пользоваться информацией, полученной при чтении источника на английском языке. Пособие состоит из 6 модулей, каждый из которых посвящен одной теме. К изучению предлагаются следующие темы : Южный Федеральный университет, Отделение Регионоведения, Политустройство Великобритании, Политустройство США, Образование Великобритании, Образование США. Структура модуля: 1) Предтекстовое упражнение для изучения основной лексики по теме. 2) Текст 3) Послетекстовое упражнение для отработки лексикограмматических конструкций. 4) Вопросы к тексту для проверки понимания и усвоения информации 5) Беседу (или монолог) по теме модуля. Упражнения 1, 3 и 4 могут выполняться студентами письменно прямо в книге, так как для каждого ответа отведено пустое место для вписывания. Данное пособие может быть использовано как в аудитории, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов. 4 Module 1. Southern Federal University 1.Найдите соответствие между колонками А и B. А B 1. enrolment a. важность 2. demand b. главный 3. curriculum c.выборочный 4. prepare d. в соответствии 5. elective e. объединять 6. according to f. готовый 7. incorporate g. предлагать 8. priority h. в настоящее время 9. importance i. улучшение 10. ready j. обязательный 11. offer k. состоять (включать) 12. improvement l. расписание 13. compulsory m. требование (спрос) 14. currently n. количество 15. comprise o. подготавливать 2. Прочтите и переведите текст. Southern Federal University On May, 24th 2007 four leading universities in the South of Russia – Rostov State University, Rostov Architecture and Art Academy, Rostov Pedagogical University, Taganrog State University of Radio Engineering – have been incorporated in Southern Federal University (SFU). The SFU is the biggest higher educational establishment in the South of Russia. The most important target of the University is to prepare the specialists according to the demands of Russia and the whole world. 5 Our University trains specialists for some priority fields in the world ready for competition and new type of economic relationship. The SFU strategic goal is its development as Research University of innovative type. Southern Federal University is an educational, scientific, research and development unit, comprising 36 faculties and 206 departments. Our University is currently offering courses of studies in 80 programs. The current enrolment at SFU is 49741 students, including 500 foreign students. The course of Study at the University is split into 4 academic years for Bachelor’s Degree, and 6 academic years for Master’s Degree. It also takes 6 years for those studying through evening and correspondence courses. The academic year is divided into 2 semesters. At the end of each semester the students take tests, semester or final exams. The students prepare their graduation thesis paper at the end of their course of study. The established curriculum includes subjects in the social and natural sciences and foreign languages. During the academic year the students are given lectures on certain compulsory and elective courses in different subjects. The students attend classes scheduled in the time-table. After graduating from the University, the graduates receive Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees. International activities at Southern Federal University include training of international students, joint research projects, and student and teacher exchange programs. The scholars of Southern Federal University have strong and productive international contacts with scholars and researchers from the USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, Israel, Italy, Poland, China, Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece and other countries. Southern Federal University is taking part in a number of trans-European projects on education. The University students have opportunity to participate in the cultural and sports events. There are many sport sections, some theatrical clubs, and entertainment units. 6 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений: 1. ученые и исследователи 2. после окончания университета 3. совместные исследовательские проекты 4. посещать занятия 5. заочные курсы обучения 6. установленное расписание 7. обязательные и выборочные курсы 8. требовать написания курсовой работы 9. развлекательные сектора 10. возможность участвовать 7 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. When did the SFU officially start functioning? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. How long should one study at the University to get Bachelor’s/ Master’s Degree? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. What courses and subjects does the established curriculum include? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. What is the strategic goal of the SFU? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. What international activities are there at Southern Federal University? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. Расскажите об истории, структуре и деятельности ЮФУ. 8 Module 2. The Department of Regional Study 1. Найдите соответствие между колонками А и B. A B a.отделение b.переводчик c. сложный d. добавление e. население f. составлять g. укрепление h.особенность i. способный j. выполнять k. приобретать l. взаимодействие m. наследие n. получать o. наука 1. translator 2. department 3. science 4. complex 5. receive 6. addition 7. heritage 8. interrelation 9. population 10. gain 11. perform 12. capable 13. peculiarity 14. reinforcement 15. comprise 2. Прочтите и переведите текст. The Department of Regional Study. The SFU is the largest center of education, science and culture in the South Russia.At present the SFU training, research and development unit comprises 36 faculties. The Department of Regional Studies as a special department of Rostov State University was founded in 1998. The demand in specialists of this qualification was caused by the following factors: development of federalism in Russia, leading to transformation in the centralized system of government and to reinforcement of integrated links between regions; peculiarities of the Northern Caucasus region as one of the most complex regions of the Russian Federation. 9 So the Department trains the specialists with innovative mode of thinking, capable to perform planning in social, economic and political sphere of society. In the course of studies the students gain the knowledge on the history of the region, ethnogenesis and social structures of the population, political and law systems of the region, its cultural heritage. The future specialists deal with problems of cultural identity and interrelation of national cultures, fundamentals of economics and economical geography. The students also get the skills of modeling and making prognoses of regional socio-political and cultural processes, orientating in the tendencies of developing of the world and regional economies, problems of modern economic integration. They learn the methods of analyzing the main problems of Russian foreign policy and national secure. In addition to the major subjects the Department offers the courses of English, German and Turkish languages. There are 3 specializations in the department: a) Law and political system b) Political and social system c) Economic system and regional management. The course of study at the department is split into 4 academic years for fulltime students to get Bachelor’s Degree and 6 academic years to get Master’s Degree. Students also can get education taking correspondence courses. After graduating from the Department the graduates receive Diplomas of higher education. Graduates of the Department can work as lawyers, political consultant, economists, managers, translators, analysts and international relations consultant. 10 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений: 1. международные отношения 2. заочный курс обучения 3. тенденции развития 4. получить дипломы 5. государственная безопасность 6. получить навыки 7. культурное наследие 8. укрепить связи 9. основные предметы 10. после окончания (университета) 11 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. When was the Department of Regional Studies founded? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. What factors caused the demand in specialists of this qualification? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. What kind of specialists does the Department train? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 4. What are the specializations in our department? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 5. What are the opportunities of employment for the Department graduates? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 5. Расскажите об отделении Регионоведение. 12 Module 3. Political Set-up of the UK 1. Найдите соответствие между колонками А и В. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. А monarchy bill support power branch law member reign represent election legislative executive judicial House of Commons House of Lords a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. В Палата Общин выборы законодательный поддержка ветвь Палата Лордов законопроект юридический власть представлять исполнительный монархия править, царствовать член закон 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The monarch has very little power and can only reign with the support of Parliament. Parliament represents the legislative branch of power and consists of two chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. In reality only the House of Commons has the true power. The new bills are introduced and debated here. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords and finally to the monarch who signs it. Only then it becomes a law. There are 650 members (MPs) in the House of Commons. They are elected at general election which is held at least every five years. 13 The House of Lords has more than 1000 members although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. It is a non-elected body. The British democratic system depends on political parties. Three parties dominate in the House of Commons: Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrats. The party which wins the majority forms the Government and its leader usually becomes the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister and his Cabinet Ministers represent the executive branch of power. The judicial branch of power is represented by the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom which was established in October 2009. 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений: 1. при поддержке чего-либо\ коголибо 2. состоит из 3. представляются и обсуждаются 4. голосуют за (в пользу) что-либо 5. выбираются 6. по меньшей мере 7. проводится\проводятся 8. принимают активное участие 9. зависит от чего-либо\ кого-либо 10. быть представленным чемлибо\кем-либо 14 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1) Who is the Head of State in the United Kingdom? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2) What House of Parliament has the true power? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3) How does a bill become a law? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4) How often does the general election take place? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5) What are the three branches of power in the United Kingdom? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5. Расскажите о политическом устройстве Великобритании. 15 Module 4. Political Set-up of the USA. 1. Найдите соответствие между колонками А и В. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A the District of Columbia two-party system political platform amendment the Bill of Rights personal freedoms the Senate the House of Representatives law-making body six-year term population resident natural-born citizen the Commander-in-Chief justice 2. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. B "Билль о правах" гражданин по праву рождения Палата Представителей главнокомандующий двухпартийная система сенат шестилетний срок житель население политическая платформа законодательный орган судья поправка личные свободы Округ Колумбия Прочитайте и переведите текст. The United States of America is a federal union of 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. Washington, D.C. is the seat of the federal government of the USA. The modern two-party system of the USA consists of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party whose political platforms have become less different nowadays. American Constitution was adopted in 1788 and has 27 amendments. The first 10 amendments are known as the Bill of Rights and guarantee a number of personal freedoms such as, for example, freedom of speech. According to the US Constitution the powers of the government are divided into three branches: 16 the legislative, the executive and the judicial. These branches check and balance one another. The legislative branch is represented by the Congress. It consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress is a law-making body. A bill must pass both Houses and be signed by the President before it becomes a law. There are two senators from each state in the Senate and they are elected for the six-year term. The number of members from each state in the House of Representatives depends on the population of the state. The total number cannot be more than 435. The executive branch of power in the USA is headed by the President who must be a natural-born citizen of the USA, at least 35 years old and a resident of the USA for at least 14 years. The President is not only the Head of Stare but the Commander-in-Chief of the American Army. The Cabinet Ministers are appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate. The judicial branch is headed by the U.S. Supreme Court which consists of nine justices appointed by life by the President with the approval of the Senate. 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений: 1. располагается 2. стали менее различными 3. была принята 4. известны как 5. в соответствии с 6. разделяются на 7. быть подписанным кем-либо 17 8. зависит от 9. назначаются кем-либо 10. с одобрения кого-либо 4. 1) Ответьте на следующие вопросы: Where is the capital of the USA situated? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2) What party system does the USA have nowadays? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3) What is The Bill of Rights? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 4) Who is the Head of the executive branch of power in the USA? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5) What body approves the appointment of the Cabinet Ministers? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5. Расскажите о политическом устройстве США. 18 Module 5. Higher Education in Great Britain. 1. Найдите соответствие между колонками А и В: A 1. interview a. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. competition applicant lecture tuition tutor essay tuition fee higher educational establishment redbrick university social science engineering degree vocational training postgraduate courses b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. B профессионально-техническое образование «красно-кирпичный университет» аспирантура общественные науки плата за обучение собеседование обучение абитуриент технические науки j. k. l. m. n. o. степень эссе наставник, руководитель конкурс, соревнование лекция высшее учебное запведение 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст: Today there are more than 60 universities in Great Britain. Good results in at least two subjects are necessary to get a place in any of them. In addition universities choose their future students after interviews, so the competition among applicants is strong. Oxford, Cambridge and London universities are the oldest ones not only in Britain but in Europe. For example, Oxford was founded in the 12th century. Both Oxford and Cambridge differ from other universities. Teaching there is carried out not only by means of lectures but by tutorial system. They provide individual tuition organized by colleges. All students have their personal tutor who they visit once a week to discuss essays which they have written. Not 19 everybody can afford to enter Oxford or Cambridge because the tuition fees are very high. Another group of higher educational establishments is known as redbrick universities. They were founded between 1850 and 1930 in the major industrial cities of England such as Manchester, Liverpool and Bristol. They were mainly associated with social science and engineering. After the World War II many new universities and polytechnics were founded all over Great Britain. Nowadays universities and colleges of Great Britain are equipped with the latest facilities for teaching and research, they offer a wide range of courses. The various qualifications offered by universities in the UK can be broadly classified into four divisions like degree courses, vocational training, diplomas and postgraduate courses. Every year students from all around the world join the competition to enter the UK's universities and colleges. 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений: 1. получить место 2. к тому же 3. был основан 4. отличаются от 5. проводится 6. посредством 7. предоставляют, обеспечивают 8. может позволить себе 9. в основном ассоциировались 10. оборудованы 20 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1) Why is the competition to enter the universities of the UK so strong? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2) What are the oldest universities of Great Britain? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3) How do Oxford and Cambridge differ from other British Universities? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4) What is a “redbrick university”? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5) What qualifications are offered by British Universities? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5. Расскажите о высшем образовании в Великобритании. 21 Module 6. Higher Education in the USA 1.Найдите соответствие между колонками А и B. А B a. обширный, широкий b. отметка c.второкурсник d. в соответствии e. достижение f. управлять g. капиталовложения h. оценивать i. владеть j. сельское хозяйство k. заявление l. развивать m. расходы n. оплата o. декан 1. mark 2. broad 3. dean 4. govern 5. measure 6. achievement 7. investment 8. sophomore 9. require 10. application 11. own 12. agriculture 13. fee 14. expenses 15. develop 2. Прочтите и переведите текст. Higher Education in the USA Education has always been important for Americans although the United States does not have a national system of education. American higher education follows two traditions: the tradition of English colleges and the University tradition of the continent. American colleges and universities are divided into public or private. Public institutions are owned by the government, either a state or municipal government. A private institution doesn’t receive any financial aid from the government. The money used to pay the expenses come from three sources: tuition fees, donations, investments of an institution. Higher education in the USA is divided into two broad fields: liberal arts (history, languages, science and philosophy) and professional (law, agriculture, engineering, medicine, etc.). Besides an application form one needs to have teacher’s recommendations and other papers to enter the university. Many colleges and universities require all applicants to take one or more academic entrance exams. 22 The course of students usually lasts four years for Bachelor’s Degree. Students are classified as freshmen – first-year students; sophomores – second-year students; juniors – third-year students; seniors – four-year students. The American academic year usually runs from the middle of August to the beginning of May. Most schools divide the academic year into 3 terms or 2 semesters. At the end of each term students take semester and final examinations. Achievements are also measured by grades and tests given during the course of semester. Grades are usually on four-point scale. Letters indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark; “F” denotes a failure. Some students receive scholarships which pay all or part of their tuition. Higher educational institutions usually are governed by a board of regents. The executive head of a college or university is called the president. The various colleges or schools which make up a university are headed by deans. 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений: 1. следует двум традициям 2. денежные пожертвования 3. высшая оценка 4. совет попечителей 5. означать провал 6. получать стипендию 7. вступительные экзамены 8. глава отделения или кафедры 9. стипендия 10. происходить из трех источников 23 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. American higher education developed its pattern by following two traditions. What are they? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. What are the types of American colleges and universities? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. How long is the course for a Bachelor’s/ Master’s Degree? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 4. When does the American academic year usually run? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 5. What are the highest and the lowest marks at American Universities and colleges? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 5. Расскажите о высшем образовании в США.