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: . , 9 56 , . , , ! ! . , - - " © , 2011 . #$ , 2011 .$ " , #$ . ISBN 978-92-9234-511-2 #'()* #$ + #$ " % ! 6, " 1010, : +43-1 514 36 6942 & : +43-1 514 36 6266 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.osce.org/policing http://polis.osce.org 2 Al. Ujazdowskie 19 00-557 Warsaw, Poland .: +48-22 5200 798 & : +48-22 5200 605 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.osce.org/odihr/18148.html $ .............................................................................6 , ....................................................7 ) ........................................................................................9 # ...................................................................................11 + ..........................................................................14 I. " II. ) II.1 - II.2 ) II.2.1 ) II.2.2 ) II.3 . 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(European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey) Fraternal Association of European Roma Law Enforcement Officers (# – ) Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment (/ «$ , , , ») Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search (4 /&& ) ! . " – « #$ ». $ « « « ! » ,– .+ , », ». 8 , , , / . . «/ 5 , ! , - , » & , , 7 , , , , . / / ($ .: Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police: A Report on the Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search Project [( « ». 4 / & , . «4 /&& »], New York 2009, p. 9; European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). ECRI General Policy Recommendation No. 11 on Combating Racism and Racial Discrimination in Policing [ ( +-2) 911 «# »], CRI(2007)39, Strasbourg, 2007, Para. 1). . 1 . 8 ! 7 / , , , 7 .. , . , 7 – (« », , , , & ). (( : OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide [# #$ / 7 . . : , « , – , 2009). ! . , 8 , ! , , ], " & , » (( : OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Hate Crime Report 2008 [# #$ .) #$ : 2008 ], " ! , 2009). . ( , ! , ! ! , / ! ! . ($ .: Oakley, Robin. Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! ]. – In: Council of Europe. Human Rights and the Police [) ], Strasbourg, 1997, pp. 74f.). . ( , . ! 7 , ! ($ .: Oakley, Robin. Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! ]. – In: Council of Europe. Human Rights and the Police [) ], Strasbourg, 1997, pp. 74f.). 8 ! . - ! 7 , , , , ." /&& , . ") #$ #$ , ! 2003 , ! ! , 7 , . , - . " ) , ! 3 . . + ! - ! , " , , ) & , , . – , ) ." 9 , ! ! . ! 1 ! , /&& . 1 , ! . , ! 8&& / , – & . ) ! , ! & . ) ! , / ! ! . , % , ! , ! ! , , + $ , , . + ! % $ #$ 4 ! # #$ (#'()*) 10 ! 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" $ ( , , ), . $ & , ! , & .2 , / , . , , , * ! / ! , & . ! ! & , / 18 & . ) , / , ! /&& . , " , , & – . ! , , , , & ! , . , - ! ! . , , . ) / ! , & ! . ) / , / , . & 2 ! , , & . , /&& : # ' , ! ! .$ 19 ! , . 8 / . , 5 , . ! , ) & & & , .' & , ! , . , 2 /&& & . ! , " #$ , , , .' ! , , & . ) , , / , , / . , , , ! & – , & 20 ! , , , , & , " . + . / , ' , , / , , . , , . & , (, . ) / , ! . /&& , , ! / . ! , " ! , . ) , , / , , – , 7 . - / . 21 " – ! ! – , 8 ( , , 1 , , , , ! , & . ) ), . , ; . , , , ! , , / / / ! . ) ! ! / , , . . , – . ) ! . " . " , #$ , ! , , , ! 22 , ! , , - ) #$ , ( / ! #$ . , , / ! ! . , 23 24 I. 1 ! / , .2 2 , , , #$ , & & , #$ 10-12 ! , , / #$ ( ) - 3 4 , . , . ! 1998 1999 ! , ! 4 / # (#'()*) + (+3-$) « « 2 , $ #$ . ' 1994 1 , . $ $ . - 3 1990 2 – , $ . «, ». $ .: Council of Europe, Roma and Travellers Division [$ , ], URL: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/documentation/default_en.asp. # #$ ." ! #$ : " ! , 2009. $ .' + + & $#$ . + » , ) 2008 . , 1990. 25 , , / "0 - , , /&& ("+24) , « 2000 #$ . ! & ! 7 . . ! , ! . " / . " 2000 ! 5 6 7 8 26 - #$ . ' $ «) , "+24 #$ », 8 . / 4 1993 - #$ «) 2 , ». ' , »6. 1993 ! 1993 "+24 , #$ , #$ , , , #$ , , ! ! , « , - " »5. #$ » ( 2003 ! – ) $ ! –$ , . 55. #$ , ' $ ! –$ 1999 . $ .: OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Roma (Gypsies) in the CSCE Region: Report of the High Commissioner on National Minorities [( ) $#$ . " ! ]. Vienna, 1993. $ .: OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Report on the Situation of Roma and Sinti in the OSCE Area [" ! . #$ ]. The Hague, 2000. 1999 )9. - ! ) ! . ) / ! / , . 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Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police, 2007 ., $ . ., 25, . 9. , 7 . ) 27 , . « 5 & »28. + , , $, EU-MIDIS, ! / 29 . , ) , , ! , , & % & . 29 30 ( , 30 . , ), . – / + 28 . , ( 27 / , , 5 " . #$ ! .- (OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies), , , 2006, . 16; : # #$ .) #$ : , . ., . 13. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. The Roma. Data in Focus Report, . ., 16, . 10. OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and Sinti in the OSCE Area [ #$ ], . ., 8, . 44. 37 , ! 6 , , , ! ! ! . ' , , , , ! , ,–/ . ' ! ! . " 0 #$ ! , , , , ! 34 38 , , . ) 33 ! ) & 32 , , , , , ! 33 " 31 - »32. 5 ! ( . , , II.3 «[…] 31 , « ! & & - - »34. 5 , . 38. 5 , . 37. $ .: Human Righst First, Violence against Roma [2 ., 12, . 1. #$ , C $ ! , $ $")', 1, " , 2OSCE, Charter for European Security [0 6, . 19. ], ! , 2008 .; . – #$ , ], . ., $ « , . ) , , , ) / »35. ) , , , , , , / 36 . , , & , . " ( , 37 . 38 . " ) ) , , , ." & , , , , ,– ! , , , 4 ! , , , ,/ . , ( ! . 35 36 37 38 Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’ 1996, Rotterdam Charter: Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society [: ], Rotterdam, 1996. #$ . , . ., 34, . 29; , 2. 4 & (1965) [United Nations General Assembly, Res. 2106(XX), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination], . 5(b). #$ . , . ., 34, . 30. Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and the Police, . ., 12, . 87. 39 " ! , . 8 ! .) « ! ! ! & , , , »39. , " ! 7 , , ! ! , . «" ! , , / / & »40. " & , , ! & . , " . ) ! , , , / , – , , 7 . - ." 39 40 40 " "+24. - (1948), , . ., 28, . 22. . 29 (2). / , , . , ." ! / . , & , , , /&& / 41 . ) , ) , / .2 /&& / . ! /&& .# – – , . / , , & & #$ 1 ! 41 42 . " . + ! 42 . / Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and the Police [) ! ! / ! ], . ., 12, . 89; # #$ ." ) ! #$ , . ., 3. # / .: #$ , , . ., 34. 41 " ! I. ( ' ' ) : • • • • ! , • • II. $ , : , • • • , / • . ! - . : , #$ , . , : , , , III. ; . ) ' , * • • ) ; ; $ • 8 , , . $ . : & & . ! • • , / , • • . ! • : ; : . 42 " ! : ) / • • . . . ! IV. ' ' ' • • • • , : ; ; . – ) / • • • , – . , # .) : • • , , . V. , , /&& , 8 • • • • , . : ; ; • & ; , . , 43 44 III. * $ ) ! , ! # 1999-2009 ., . ' , ! ! ! , , II.3. , : • ) #$ #$ ( • • ! 26-32); +-2 93 "+24 911; . " ! ! ! : 1. $ 2. / 3. 1 4. , & ; ! , ; ; , , ; 45 5. 6 ! . III.1 ' ) « 2) - #$ – – , »43. , " « » . & – / , / 8 .44 % . ! . % 43 44 45 46 , , / 45 : ! #$ , . ., 9, . 30. Oakley, Robin/Slater, John/Taylor,Chris. Systematic Assessment of Policing Policy and Practice relating to Roma: Guidance for Use in OSCE Participating States [$ ! : #$ – , ) #$ ! , « » +3-$ #'()*], London, 2007, p. 9. 5 . ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. $ ; ) % - & + ; ! III.1.1 # ; ; ; . 46 . / ! , 2 : • ! ! , ! & , , , 2) , . 2) ! 2 , , . • 46 & ! 2) 2) , , # & . : Oakley/Slater/Taylor, Systematic Assessment of Policing Policy and Practice relating to Roma [$ ! ], . ., 44, . 1131. + , UNODC Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit [1 2 . ) ], New York, 2006. #$ , 2 ! – C $ ! , #$ , $ $")', 4, " , 2008 ., . 39-43; OSCE. Implementation of Police-Related Programmes: Lessons Learned in SouthEastern Europe [, . > -" ], SPMU Publication Series Vol. 7, Vienna, December 2008 ., pp. 18-20. 47 , , , , . 2) , , – « ; ». ! ' ! , 2) , ! .2 , 2) . ) 2) ! , . , . " , , 47 • , , , 2) ! / & ; ; / ; & ; ; . • / , 2) , , ! . + , & 47 48 #$ , 2 . ., ! 46, . 57. . , • , , . 8 , ; & , ; ( +)*), ! ( $)*) ; & +)* : , ) / ; ( .2 - , . & 7 / • , ! , . 8 ; 7 , ; , ; / , & & 7 , • , ! • . & / ; ; 49 • , . $ % " 2004-2006 % . #'()* . $ ! #$ - ! , «3 » (Romani Center for Social Intervention and Studies – CRISS) + #'()* #$ & & . 4 , , , 4 ! / / , . , , " CRISS #'()* #$ .4 , . " ! , , . 2 , , ! 48 . III.1.2 $ % , . ! #$ , ) / ) 48 50 8 . $ II. Oakley/Slater/Taylor, Systematic Assessment of Policing Policy and Practice relating to Roma [$ ! ], . ., 44, . 12; Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices towards Roma in Romania [ ], Bucharest, 2007, p. 5. : • , ; • ; • ! • ; ! ; • / – ! 49 . III.1.3 $ % & , – , , . 8 , 2; #$ ! $)*50. , $ 2 II.3. 49 50 $ .: Scope of assessment in Romania [ ], : Oakley/Slater/Taylor, Systematic Assessment of Policing Policy and Practice relating to Roma [$ ! ], . ., 44, . 17. $ ) I. 51 III.1.4 $ , 6 . • • ; ! • • , ; )& , ; , , : & ( & - , $4(, , ( ; ; . , , . .); • 52 – ( / & • • • • ; ; • • : , / ( • ' & , ); ; , $)*, ! , ! – , & ( & . . ). – III.5.1), , 2 - , ! . 8 : ; ( - ! ; - , ); , 51 . ! 6 .) / , , ! , . " , – , & 51 & « », . ) / / , . ) , ( Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices towards Roma in Romania [ ], . ., 48, . 10. 53 ( & & . " / , , ) ( ) « , , , & & » ( , / ), . & , 2) – / , & , , 52 , / – . $ , . ; , «… 7 & »53. & , III.1.5 % $ , ( . , III.1.3). ) / . / ) 52 53 54 : • " • $ . / . Open Society Institute. Ethnic Profiling in the European Union: Pervasive, Ineffective, and Discriminatory [8 & : , , ], New York, 2009, p. 120f; . : Barton, Sasha. Ethnic Monitoring, Gypsies and Travellers [8 : ]. – In: Roma Rights Quarterly, Issue: 1 / 2004, pp. 24-29. Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. Recommendation No. R (97) 18 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States concerning the Protection of Personal Data Collected and Processed for Statistical Purposes [9R (97) 18 + « , »], 1997, para 4.8, p. 4. • 2 • • $ & $ • ) & & , . . . , .8 , "/ – , .) / , . , , , . & " , III. ) ) & ( , , / ) , , . . –/ . III.1.6 2 / . " & , 55 , , ! . - ! , , : • 56 / 2 ) • . • 2 • $ , , . • • . ) ! – , . . , /&& , , . . , . III.2. & , , ) + ) , , & ()'() , / ( , , . " , , III.1.3), . , , / , ! . , ' , – , . ! 5 . ! ) , , ! . / III.2.1 2 5 , / ! – , , . , ! ! ! 57 54 . $ , ! 55 . «) - , , , 7 . […] , " " + #$ »56. , 1990 « - , / / , […]. " / & , /&& , , , ( ). / , , , […] & , , / […]»57. , 58 . 54 55 56 57 58 58 ! , , $ .: Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin [' $ 2000/43/ $ 29 2000 . / ], Official Journal L 180 , 19/07/2000 P. 0022 – 0026, Art. 13 and 14. +-2 93 «# ! ( )», CRI(98)29 rev., 6 1998 . (European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). ECRI General Policy Recommendation No. 3 on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies), $ , 1998 ., . 4. OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and Sinti in the OSCE Area [ #$ ], . ., 8, . 55. ' + , . ., 4, . (40.1). OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, Report on the Situation of Roma and Sinti in the OSCE Area [ #$ ] . ., III.2.2 ! - , «[…] #$ ! ! »59. 5 , , . $ , : • «- - ! » () + #$ , , & « & 26). . " , , , / / .$ ! «/ , , , , , ! », / »60. ! , ) / , ( , . «" , ) & / / 59 60 #$ , 8, . 55; ) . ., 9, . 9. , ! - , . ., 28, . 1. Oakley, Robin. Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! ]. – In: Council of Europe. Human Rights and the Police [) ]. Strasbourg, 1997, p. 74f. 59 »61 ( ) , , / , , . , III.4). , , , ! . • «- , : 1) ! ! ; ! () #$ , , 2) » , 28). ' « , +-2 93)62. »( ! , , . ) ( /&& . 1 61 , - ], ) ., 60, c. 75; 34, . 66; ! –C #$ , $ , 9; . . ., $ 28, ! $")', ! . : 5, " , , . 8. #$ , . ., . – , 2008 ., . 19-20; ! +-2 93, 60 III.5.1). Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! #$ , ., #$ , 2 62 , 55. . ., , & , , 7 ! • . «- , , , /&& ( 29 » ! ) #$ +-2 911). «$ & / & / . 5 , , , , . / , 2 / […], »63. /&& / " , , , " ! ($ & ) 64 , / / 94/03 (4 2005 $ + #$ , 63 $)* ! , 64 ) . 912/04 - , - , . ., 28, . 19. $ .: European Court of Human Rights, Nachova and others v. Bulgaria [«2 # »], No. 43577/98; Secic v. Croatia [$ 0 ], No. 40116/02; Cobzaru v. Romania [«+ »], No. 48254/99, . ., 23. 61 /&& . 65 " / , , , , . • , ( 26 28 ) #$ ). , 2 ( . ! II.3). , , , . / ! , . ) / / , , / , , ! ! , , /&& ! 65 62 $ .: OSCE, Decision No. 4/03, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination [- ! 94/03 « »], MC.DEC/4/03, Maastricht, 2003; OSCE, Decision No. 12/04, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination [- ! 912/04 « »], MC.DEC/12/04, MC.DEC/12/04, Annex, Sofia 2004.; OSCE, Cordoba Declaration by the Chairman-in-Office [+ #$ ], FINAL CIO.GAL/76/05/Rev.2, Cordoba, 2005. . 8 . / /&& , . ) »66. ) , / ), 67 . ( , , III.2.3 ! & ' ! - • 67 , ! «- 66 ! . 8 « – , / , #$ , , . ., 34, . 44-48; . : Council of Europe/Commissioner for Human Rights. Opinion of the Commissioner for Human Rights Concerning Independent and Effective Determination of Complaints Against the Police [. + /&& ], CommDH(2009)4, 12 March 2009. , . ., 28, . 10; European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 2001, Practical Examples on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [ +-2. ) ! ( )], CRI (2001) 28, Strasbourg, 2001, p. 63; #$ , , . ., 34, . 24. 63 2) – […] , #$ , + » 31). & () / ()'() . " / , , . " , ! , , , , , , 68 . , , , / III.4 " , )'(. / ! , ! "$ $ ! ! + ' % , 1/ % ( – / , 69 . 3 ! . ( ! . , " . ' & 68 69 64 , - , ! , ! , . ., 28, . 10. $ .: Association of Chief Police Officers of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Guidance on Unauthorized Encampments [, ! ], London, 2008. , . ) , , / , ! ! , / , , . + , , , . ' & , , ! , . .5 • ; • • • (( & , ( , ) . , 70 « , $ . / 51f. ! , , . & , , . /&& + ; ! & , ! , » III.5.2.) 8 : ! ; ! 70 , ! , « , , , / , , ! ! ! ! , : Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4 & , ], . ., 25, . 27 65 « […]. " » 7 , / , 71 » . , " , , , . / 8 . - , , /&& . ) ) , & " 72 . /&& ( , / /&& . (( & « », , , ) ! 7 71 72 66 ! , . , 1 ! III.5.2.). , ! #'()*: & ! , 2 . . 8 , ! , , ! ! - Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4 & , ], . ., 25, . 14. 5 , . 11 34. / , . 7 , ; , 7 / - – / , / & , 7 , 73 ) . +-2: «; . , . 5 / , / , .2 , – – . , 74 / / », » . ) , . (« ! , " , , ! . ! ( & . 8 & & /&& - , , , ! 8 74 . . & 73 . .. .) (OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide), " ! , 2009. #$ , # +-2 9 11, . ., . 25. 67 III.2.4 ( , ! ! ! - , , , , & , ( , & ! ) ) / . , «[…] / « & », […]»75 . . , , 76 . # ! , , 77 . / , ! / ( ; , ; ." - 76 77 78 68 , III.1.6)78. , ! , 75 . 5 . , #$ , 2 . ., . ! , ; #$ , 2 . ., . ! ., 46, ., 46., 28, . 39 . 1. 41. 28, . 42-43 ! , . 2. , & , , , , .8 III.3 , ' «" . ' / , , . ) / ! »80. «+ , ! , . ' , , ! 79 80 81 , »81. 2 . $ , , 79 ! , ( / ! ! ) ! #$ , 2 ! , . ., 46., . 43. Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [], . ., 35, " ; . : #$ , , . ., 34, . 124; Council of Europe, Recommendation Rec(2001) 10 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the European Code of Police Ethics [Rec(2001) 10 + « / »] (2001), § 18. United Nations General Assembly, Res. A/Res/34/169, Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials [+ ] (1979), ) , . 8(a); . : #$ , , . ., 34; OSCE, Charter for European Security [0 ], . ., 6; Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [ / ] . ., 80, § 25. 69 82 , ! , , , . / 2 , ! III.5)83. " . " / 32 ) - ! «[…] ». ! / , & 84 . 82 83 84 70 . ! – ) ( , , #$ , , . ., 34; . : Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [], . ., 35, " ; Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [ / ], . ., 80, § 18. #$ , , . ., 34; . : United Nations General Assembly, Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials [+ ], . ., 84, ) , . 8(a); OSCE, Charter for European Security [0 ] . ., 6, . 44; Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [ / ], . ., 80, §§ 25 30. #$ , , . ., 34; . : Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [], . ., 35, . 3.7; Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [ / ], . ., 80, § 25; , . ., 28, . 4. III.3.1 ) ) – ! 85 . , - ! .2 ! , , ! ! ! . 2 , ( / . " , . .) ) , ! «[…]( ! ! ! . + . ( ! ! , , , , .( , .2 , , , & , / / 85 . " #$ , ., 34. , . 71 / , , , & , 5 . / .) […]»86. ' . " & , , , , / […]»87. " , , , & ( / . , ! , ! . $ , 86 87 72 - , & . , & & / III.3.2). ) & . 8 & , – «[…] , & ! " / & ( ; , ), , . ., 28, . 5; . : #$ , , . ., 34; European Platform for Policing and Human Rights (EPPHR). The Recruitment and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities: Points to Consider [2 ! : , ] (2004), p. 5. , . ., 28, . 5. / ( ) - . $ - ( , ) – , . , , – ! ( 7 , 88 . # , ' ) ! " & , , ! , & , , . , $ & / / .) , ! 8 2) ) 88 89 89 .$ , , . & , , , . # (* ! - ) #$ , , . ., 34, . 61; . : Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [], . ., 35, . 2.5 2.6; Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R(2000) 10 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Codes of Conduct for Public Officials [9 R (2000) 10 + « »] (2000), . 24; Council of Europe, European Code of Police Ethics [ / ], . ., 80, §§ 22 24; EPPHR, The Recruitment and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities [2 ! ], . ., 86, . 5; , . ., 28, . 6. . ., 28), . 6. 73 «4 2) », «3 DROM» . , ! 90 . » ! , 91 . " , 4 , ! $ 3 + ) «' , , ! . $ , ! . ! ($ ), + » (Del gavvers pukker-cheerus). 3 ! & , 2009 . 30 ! ! 74 ! ! + - . . . " , – . " 92 « " & 91 , .' 4 90 ) , , . 2 , , European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Practical Examples on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [) ! ( )], . ., 67, . 59. Council of Europe. Third Report Submitted by Hungary Pursuant to Article 25, para. 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorites [5 , " , & 1 25 ! ], ACFC/SR/III(2009)007, Strasbourg, 4 June 2009, p. 46. Coxhead, John/Home Office. Moving Forward. How the Gypsy and Traveller Communities Can Be More Engaged to Improve Policing Performance [: .+ ! ! ], Queens Award for Innovation in Police Training & Development 2003, Derbyshire 2005, p. 25. ." , ! * 4 ! , ) , , 92 . ' " ! , & . 3 , ! . $ ! / , ! , – / 93 . ! + $ , 2 , . , 94 . ' ."/ , , 2 , , . , - 95 . / / " . " , . 93 94 95 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 2009. ECRI Report on Hungary (fourth monitoring cycle) [ +-2 " ], CRI(2009)3, Strasbourg, 2009, p. 47. $ .: Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and the Police [) ! ! / ! ], . ., 12, . 95. $ .: Institute for Crime Research and Prevention, Review of the Police Policies and Practices towards Roma in Romania [ ], . ., 48, . 82f. 75 " (# - ) 3 4 " * ! / 96 , ! . », , 97 . « , "$ ." ! . + ) ( . $ . + , ! $ , & ! 96 97 98 76 98 ! Danish Center for Conflict Resolution/Danish Institute for Human Rights/Regional Facilitation and Negotiation Center/Romani CRISS/Roma Center for Social Intervention and Studies/Ministry of Administration and Interior of Romania. Report on Regional Workshop on Policing Minorities: Human Rights and Conflict Management for Roma Liaison Police Officers [ ! ! .) & – , & ], Sinaia, 12-15 September 2005, p. 29.. $ .: European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 2001. Practical Examples on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [) ! ( )], . ., 67, . 55f. , . ., 28, . 6; . : Council of Europe. Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations. Practical Guidelines [ / ! .) ], Community Relations, MG-EO (94) 3 E, Strasbourg 1993, p. 39. . , . "- ! , ! . $ 2005 ) ! 58 , / " 1999 % / . ) , . " 2007 , / 99 - . $ «1 «) + % , » (Dismantling Barrier), » (Breaking Through). " & 2009 ! . " / , ! . " , ; 100 . 99 100 , ! $ .: Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Police Policies and Practices towards Roma in Romania [ ], . ., 48, . 83; OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Field Visit on Police and Roma Relations, Romania 12-15 November 2007 [! ,, 12-15 2007 ], Warsaw, 2008, p. 7; Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center. A Possible Mission – Information Campaign on the Policeman Carreer Belonging to National Minorities [«" »: & ! ! ]. Home Office Communication Directorate. Breaking Through Action Plan: Promoting Minority Ethnic Employment in the Police Service [4 .) «) »: / ! ], London, 2004, pp. 11-21. 77 III.3.2 , ) 2 ! . 8 , & , & , . ) / , - , . 2 7 , , 101 . / $ . ) , /&& 102 .' , 101 102 78 . " , , . 8 , ! & , , , / .) ! , #$ , , . ., 34, . 61; . : EPPHR, The Recruitment and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities [2 ! ], . ., 86, . 3; OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Recommendations on Policing in MultiEthnic Societies [], . ., 28, . 7. #$ , , . ., 34, . 61; . : Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter [], . ., 35, . 2.13; , . ., 28, . 7. , & ) . , .+ ! , & 103 , ! . , , & + ( , ! ( , , , .$ 105 . , ! , 5 , . ) . , / , / , ( 105 ). 8 , 104 104 , & III.3.3). " 103 . . , III.5). #$ , , . ., 34, . 62; . : Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution 690 (1979) on the Declaration on the Police [- ! ) % $ 690 (1979) «' »] (1979), Part B, § 4. #$ , , . ., 34, . 62; . : , . ., 28, . 4. 5 , . 7; . : #$ , , . ., 34, .62. 79 , " «[…] , , ! & […]»106. III.3.3 ) ) , + / , ! « […]»107. " , , . 4 «[…] / » ! . ) ( , ), 108 . ) & , & ! 106 107 108 109 80 - 109 . ) / , , . ., 28, . 7. . #$ , , . ., 34, . 62; . : EPPHR, The Recruitment and Retention of Police Officers from Minority Communities [2 ! ], . ., 86, . 7. #$ , , . ., 34, . 63. 5 . 2 , « », & 110 . # ! / ! 111 . , " , & . «- , . 6 – & , & , ! , .5 & ! ! 110 111 112 #$ , ., 5 ; [- & »112. , . 34, . 63. . : Foundation ‘Policing for a Multi-Ethnic Society’, Rotterdam Charter ], . ., 35, " . , . ., 28, . 7. 81 $ . 2006 ,$ " - ,$ , " + , : * ! , # - ; - ! - ! ; ; - ; & 113 . 82 , ; - 113 # – , $ .: http://faerleo.com/en. , . III.4 ' ! , + ( ) , , , . , « « » , / , , », 7 ." ,/ « , . & . / « , 114 " 2 , & . ) – , » ! / & , , .) , & , « »115. «2 » , , ! 114 #$ , 2 – , . ., 61, . 19-21; Oakley 1997, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! #$ , ., ! ], . ., 60, . 75; 34, . 65; , . - 115 , . ., 28, . 8-11. Oakley 1997, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! ], . ., 60, . 75. 83 . ' ! / / & , & . 5 . $ ! – , , / »116. / , / , . " ) #$ , : • ! « »( • , , 27); « »; « ( /&& ! 29 » +-2 93); • « • « »( 28); »( • ( 84 & • 116 - 5 31). . ! 28); , 8 , , 117 . III.4.1 - , , ! , 2 / 118 , . : • ; ! • , ; • ! ; • , • ; & ; • ! - , 119 , – . 117 # , $ 118 119 , , .: Council of Europe, Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations [ / ! ], . ., 98. Oakley 1997, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! 5 , . 77; – ], . . : ., 60, . 77. #$ , 2 ! , . ., 61, . 21. 85 III.4.2 # ) " !, ! ! : • • • • ; ; ! • • ; ; ! ; / • ); • / & ( ; , ; / ! /&& & / • • • • ; ; ; ! , ; ! ; . 120 * , ! ! #$ , 2 , ! – , . ., 61, . 21; Open Society Institute, Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4 / & , ], . ., 25, . 67 72; , . ., 28; Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! 86 ; & • • 120 ; ! , ! ], . ., 60, . 78. , , , /&& • ; , • • ( • & / , ( ); , ); , ; , 121 . , ! , , . , 121 . " : • + 7 ! , + . $ .: Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! ], . ., 60, . 78. 87 ! ' / , , , , ! ! 122 . * , . ) , , / /&& , / 123 . , ! / ! " ! ! , 124 . - " , . " / , 2) . ) 2) . ) 122 123 124 88 Mercer, Peter/Oakley, Robin. Police Training on Gypsy/Traveller Issues in Britain, Presentation at European Workshop on Roma-Police Relations [« / # », & ! ], Turvey, 1999. – In: OSCE Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue 2006, Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma and Sinti. Unpublished draft document produced for the ODIHR CPRSI [) :c .$ ) #$ ], . 170. 5 , . 172. #$ , 2 ! , . ., 46, . 53. : , - , - ! ; , / ! ; , ; (' $ 125 2000/78/EC) . + 125 , ; 2000/43/EC , , Valles, Lola. Education Programs on Diversity and Minority Issues, including Roma Issues, for Police Services in Catalonia (Spain) [) + (( ) ! , . Presentation at the International Workshop on Relations between Police and Roma/Travellers], Derbyshire, 27-28 November 2006, pp. 290-292; ' / , , : # : European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Practical Examples on Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies [) ! ( )], . ., 67, . 57; * ! : , . 58-60; " : , . 53, : Project on Ethnic Relations. Toward Community Policing: The Police and Ethnic Minorities in Hungary [2 ! : / ! " ], Budapest/Princeton, 2000, pp. 16f; ) ! : Lesinska, Magdalena/Rozycka, Malgorzata. Improving Relations between Roma and the Police: Practical Examples for Poland [1 ! ! : ) ! ], Thesaurus Association. Wroclaw, 2005. – In: OSCE ODIHR Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues/European Dialogue, Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma & Sinti. Unpublished draft document produced for the ODIHR CPRSI [) : c . $ ) #$ ], . 180-187; : Institute for Crime Research and Prevention. Review of the Policies and Practices towards Roma in Romania [ ! ], . ., 48, . 63-75; $ : ) , 4 $ ; $ : Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic/Presidium of the Police Force/Public Order Department. The Project of the Police Specialists for the Work with Communities [) ], Bratislava, October 2009, pp. 15f; $ + : Danflous, Romy. Policing in Relation to Roma, Gypsy and Traveller Communities [) ! , ], Workshop Report, European Dialogue, London, 2006, pp. 235f, 266, 271, : Coxhead, John, Moving Forward [: ], . ., 92, . 21ff. 89 . / ) , ( ; ; ; ). ! * ' $ ! / .8 ! ! , ! ! 126 . 5 - : - - / ( ); ; ! & - , ; ! ,– ; ! Analysis, Response, Assessment – , ) 127 (Problem Analysis Module) ; ; ! ! «4 , SARA (Scanning, , , » , & 126 127 90 Konrad, Oto/Šúryová, Eva. The Pilot Project of the Police Specialists for the Work with Communities in Slovakia [) / $ . ) # & «! , »], Presentation at the Bucharest Conference on ‘The Implementation and Harmonization of National Policies on Roma, Sinti and Travellers’, Bucharest, 4-5 May 2006, p. 310f. ( & ( : www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk/learningzone/sara.htm www.popcenter.org/about-SARA.htm ( SARA); www.popcenter.org/learning/pam ( «4 »). 128 . + , , ! , ! ! , . / , 8 /&& – & , , , – , / . " ! / / ! . . ' & / . . . ! ! #'()* 1 128 129 129 . , , , /&& : #$ , 2 ! . ., 46, . 28-29 33; . : Danish Center for Conflict Resolution et.al. Report on Regional Workshop on Policing Minorities: Human Rights and Conflict Management for Roma Liaison Police Officers Officers [ ! ! :) & – , & ], . ., 96, . 17f. # #$ .) , (OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Law Enforcement Officer Programme on Combating Hate Crime). " ! , 2006. 91 - ; ; ; ; ; - , : • ; • • • • ; ; ; / • , ! : - ; ; / ; & 130 . 2 /&& -$ & : / . - : ! /&& & ). -" ( ! – , , ! , .8 ! , . -$ & 130 92 .) / 5 ; . #$ , 2 , ! . : ! , , . ., 61, . 34-35. – , -$ .8 , . III.4.3 + ! – , /&& 131 . 4 & , . 2 , , , ! . 1 , /&& , ! , , , 2 , – / . + , 132 . , / . ' / ! , . 5 ! , – / , & 131 132 133 , 133 . - , . ., 28, . 8. $ .: Council of Europe, Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations [ / ! . ., 98, . 33-37 92. ( & & ! ! . :, . ., 28, . 9. ], 93 , ( . ( ) III.3.1) ! 2 , & . . 6 $ + . + , , & 135 . / 5 . $ – , # " 134 / ( ! ), . ) / 136 . " 134 135 136 94 , 7 , , & & . / , $ .: Hungarian Helsinki Committee. Control(led) Group, Final Report on the Strategies for Effective Police Stop and Search (STEPSS) Project [+ .( /&& ($5 ))$)], Budapest, 2008, p. 62. $ .: United Kingdom Home Office. Romany Gypsies and Irish Travellers: Practical advice for police and other agencies in England and Wales [4 . , .) % 1/ ], a National Police Improvement Agency (NPIA) draft document, London, 2010; National Board of Education/Roma Population Education Team/Ministry of Interior, Police Department. Romanin ja poliisin kohdatessa [+ ], Helsinki, 2007. $ .: National Board of Education et.al, Romanin ja poliisin kohdatessa, . ., 135. ,– ! , , , . / , 5 ! , / « . , ! / & . 5 ! , »137. / , 5 ! «[…] & & & , »138. , " . ! ! ! & ! ! 139 . III.4.4 . ! ! , , ! 137 138 139 - , . ., 28, . 8. - , . ., 28, . 8, . 20. Open Society Institute. Addressing Ethnic Profiling by Police [4 & , ], . ., 25, . 69. / 95 , , ! ) , ! . 2 . , / / 2) 2) . ) , / , ( . , #$ . , III.4.2). , " - , / , ! . , & . " , , , , , . 5 , / ) . , / , ! , & 140 ! . " ! 140 96 $ . :- , . ., 28, . 9, . 25. – , , , ; / ; , ! . $ ! & , , , & , , / & 141 . , . $ 142 /&& " 7 ; / , ! , ; ; «/ / ! 143 . & ! 142 , ! » ! , 2 141 ! , & 143 . , , / ! $ .: Hungarian Helsinki Committee 2008, Control(led) Group [+ ], . ., 134, . 62; , . ., 28, . 9. $ .: Oakley, Police Training Concerning Migrants and National Minorities [ ! ], . ., 60, . 77 79. $ .: Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and the Police [) ! ! / ! ], . ., 12, . 92. 97 , , – / , , , / . ' , . & , , / . 2 ! 7 , /&& . ' / , , « » »145. 145 98 - , . " , – , 144 . ! . , / ! , 144 , . , " , ! , ; , «" , ! ! $ .: Coxhead, John. Improving Performance in Race and Diversity [) ! /&& ]. Lambard Academic Publishing, 2009, Chapter 6. Council of Europe, Police Training Concerning Migrants and Ethnic Relations [ / ! ], 98, . 17. . ., III.5 : ) , , , , . ) , . «) , , . ' »146. , # , . " , / /&& , & 146 147 . , , 2 – 147 /&& / ." #$ , . ., 34, . 17-18. $ .: Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations between Ethnic Minorities and the Police [) ! ! / ! ], . ., 12, . 85; Oakley, Robin. Building Partnerships Between Police and Minorities [6 ! ! ] – In: OSCE ODIHR, Policing and Roma: A Resource Manual. A Compilation of Documents to Support Implementation of the OSCE Action Plan for Roma and Sinti. Unpublished draft document produced for the ODIHR CPRSI [) :c .$ ) #$ ], . 117-123. 99 , ! , . . ' , , .4 , ; , ; & , 148 . ! . ! , ! ! " ! , & . ! , ( #$ . , II), . ! - ! , – & . + , & , – , 149 . , " / ! 148 149 100 #$ , , ., 34, . 48. Oakley, Practical Measures for Improving Relations Between Police and Minorities [) ! ! / ! ], . ., 12, c. 87. . , – ! . , $ , , , , . 2 /&& . & III.5.1 * / , , ' $ . , ! / ) . ) , , , , , , , . $ / , ! , , & . ) , & , ), , , , ( 101 150 . , " , , / . 8 ; , & / ; + , , & < & ! . 4 , , ' & . 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" . «) / ! » (Project 3 157 2: $ ' : ' - " % 0 , " %212 ' - $ #$ , ) a) b) #$ . $ 212 158 - : ; #$ ; c) d) ! ; , . 6 ! “Policing in a Democratic Society: Is your Police Service a Human Rights Champion?” [) : ! ?], 2000 . 4 % $ «) ». 5 - ! , / +3-$ #'()* 2004-2006 . - + 4 2'%3(= 1. ) )- " - *2A B " )- $ – , 2) – (a) 1 / ! 6%+5(* $+(B 4%5 -(%; ? 2) (b) " ! ? . (- 30) (c) ? (d) " / ! ? (e) " ! ? (f) $ ? 159 - + 4 2'%3(= 2. / – , , )- " - *2A B " )- $ )) ! – (b) ) & , . (- ? 2) , , ! 31) ? (c) ) , ! ? (d) ) ! , ? ! (e) ( / , ? (f) ) ! 2) 160 6%+5(* $+(B 4%5 -(%; ? - + 4 2'%3(= )- " - *2A B " )- $ 3. - 6%+5(* $+(B 4%5 -(%; (a) ) ! ! . (- 26) ? (b) ! ? (c) ) 2) ? / (d) ) /&& ? / 161 - + 4 2'%3(= 4. - )- " - *2A B " )- $ , : 1) (a) ) ! ! ! , ? ! ; 2) . (- 28) (b) , ! / ! ! (c) - ! ? (d) ! ? 162 ? 6%+5(* $+(B 4%5 -(%; - + 4 2'%3(= 5. & )- " - *2A B " )- $ (a) # , & , ? . (- 6%+5(* $+(B 4%5 -(%; (b) - 7 / 27) ? ' / ? (c) ? ) ? 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