Основы экспертизы товаров и услуг

реклама
öùõöê òù÷íøúðï
úöêèøöêð ûùóûë
;;De y Ba^Zl_evkl\h L=LM
J_p_ga_gl
>hdlhjwdhghfbq_kdbogZmdijhn_kkhj
;B=_jZkbfh\
KhklZ\bl_eb
:E>_gbkh\Z?<AZcp_\
Hkgh\uwdki_jlbaulh\Zjh\b mkem]F_lh^mdZaZgbyKhkl:E>_gbkh\Z
?<AZcp_\LZf[h\Ba^\hLZf[]hkl_ogmglZk
>Zgu f_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ih \uiheg_gbx eZ[hjZlhjghijZdlbq_kdbo jZ[hl ^ey
klm^_glh\]hdmjkZ^g_\gh]hhl^_e_gbyki_pbZevghklb
;;De y ‹LZf[h\kdbc]hkm^Zjkl\_gguc
l_ogbq_kdbcmgb\_jkbl_l L=LM
Fbgbkl_jkl\hh[jZah\ZgbyJhkkbckdhcN_^_jZpbb
L:F;H<KDBC=HKM>:JKL<?GGUCL?OGBQ?KDBCMGB<?JKBL?L
H;SB?IHEH@?GBY
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ih \uiheg_gbx eZ[hjZlhjghijZdlbq_kdbo aZgylbc
ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey h\eZ^_gby klm^_glZfb mf_gbc b gZ\udh\ kZfhklhyl_evghc jZ[hlu ih
hij_^_e_gbx hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbo lh\Zjh\_^guo oZjZdl_jbklbd ihlj_[bl_evkdbo lh\Zjh\
b]jZxsbodexq_\mxjhev\ wdki_jlghchp_gd_dZq_kl\Zlh\Zjh\
I_j_q_gv eZ[hjZlhjghijZdlbq_kdbo aZgylbc khhl\_lkl\m_l mq_[ghc ijh]jZff_ ih
^bkpbiebg_ Hkgh\uwdki_jlbaulh\Zjh\b mkem]
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby \uihegyxl nmgdpbx mijZ\e_gby kZfhklhyl_evghc jZ[hlu
klm^_glZ ihwlhfm dZ`^h_ aZgylb_ bf__l mgbnbpbjh\Zggmx kljmdlmjm \dexqZxsmx
hij_^_e_gb_ p_e_c aZgylby ih^]hlh\bl_evgmx jZ[hlm klm^_glZ d aZgylbx kj_^kl\Z
h[mq_gby
;eZ]h^Zjy lZdhc kljmdlmj_ aZgylbc klm^_gl ihemqZ_l \hafh`ghklv h\eZ^_lv
^hihegbl_evgufb mf_gbyfb hnhjfeylv j_amevlZlu bkke_^h\Zgbc khklZ\eylv lZ[ebpu
ZgZebabjh\Zlvb h[h[sZlvbo^_eZlvaZdexq_gby
Hkh[_gghklv f_lh^bq_kdbo mdZaZgbc khklhbl \ lhf qlh jZkkfZljb\Z_fu_ aZ^Zgby
ljZdlmxlky \ l_kghc k\yab k hp_gdhc ihlj_[bl_evkdbo dZq_kl\ lh\Zjh\ ih
hj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbfb nbabdhobfbq_kdbfihdZaZl_eyfij_^mkfhlj_gguoklZg^ZjlZfb
Hp_gdZij_ih^Z\Zl_e_f\uiheg_gghcklm^_glhfjZ[hluhkms_kl\ey_lkydhfie_dkghih
j_amevlZlZf\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgbcmklghfmkhh[s_gbxb hnhjfe_gbxjZ[hlu
IjZ\beZhnhjfe_gbyjZ[hlu
JZ[hlZhnhjfey_lky \hl^_evghcl_ljZ^b
Klm^_gl ^he`_g q_ldh gZibkZlv gZa\Zgb_ jZ[hlu p_ev h[t_dlu b j_amevlZlu
bkke_^h\Zgby
J_amevlZlu bkke_^h\Zgby bo h[h[s_gby b kbkl_fZlbaZpby hnhjfeyxlky \ \b^_
lZ[ebp
Hj]ZgbaZpby\uiheg_gbyb dhgljheyeZ[hjZlhjghijZdlbq_kdboaZgylbcih^bkpbiebg_
Hkgh\uwdki_jlbaulh\Zjh\b mkem]^he`gZklZlvih^]hlh\bl_evgufwlZihfd k^Zq_aZq_lZ
ih^Zgghfmdmjkm
I?J?Q?GVE:;HJ:LHJGH IJ:DLBQ?KDBOA:GYLBC
GZbf_gh\Zgb_l_fu
Hij_^_eblvdhebq_kl\hb dZq_kl\hkujhc
de_cdh\bgu\ ir_gbqghcfmd_
Ijh\_klbhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdmxhp_gdmdZq_kl\Z
fmdbir_gbqghcb j`Zghc>ZlvaZdexq_gb_h
dZq_kl\_fmdbkh]eZkgh=HKLZ
Hij_^_eblvihjbklhklvb dbkehlghklvoe_[Z
Ijh\_klbhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdmxhp_gdmdZq_kl\Z
oe_[Z
Ijh\_klbhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdmxhp_gdmdZq_kl\Z
ijygbdh\
Hij_^_eblvdbkehlghklvfhehdZf_lh^hf
lbljh\Zgby
Hij_^_eblv`bjghklvfhehdZ\a[Zelu\Zgb_f\
klZdZg_
Hij_^_eblvkh^_j`Zgb_\h^u\ keb\hqghf
fZke_KjZ\gblvihemq_ggu_j_amevlZluk
^Zggufb=HKLZ
Hij_^_eblvhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbdZq_kl\h
fZj]ZjbgZKhihklZ\vl_ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_k
lj_[h\Zgbyfb=HKLZ
Hij_^_eblvhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbdZq_kl\h
jZklbl_evgh]hfZkeZKhihklZ\blvihemq_ggu_
^Zggu_k lj_[h\Zgbyfb=HKLZ
Hij_^_eblvk\_`_klvfykZijh[hcgZeZdfmk
Hij_^_eblvgZebqb_djZofZeZbebir_gbqghc
fmdb\ \Zj_guodhe[ZkZo
Bamqblvkljh_gbyb k\hckl\\hehdhg
hj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbff_lh^hf
Bamqblvfbdjhkljmdlmjm\hehdhg
Bkke_^h\Zlv\hehdgZk ihfhsvxobfbq_kdbo
j_Zdlb\h\
>_eh\Zyb]jZWdki_jlbaZlh\Zjh\ihdZq_kl\m
± wdki_jlbaZieh^hh\hsguolh\Zjh\
± wdki_jlbaZq_jgh]h[Zcoh\h]hqZy
Ijh\_^_gb_]b]b_gbq_kdhcwdki_jlbaulh\Zjh\
BLH=H
Dhebq_kl\h
qZkh\
LZ[ebpZ
F_lh^bq_kdb_mdZaZgby
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblvdhebq_kl\hb dZq_kl\hkujhcde_cdh\bgu\ ir_gbqghcfmd_
;_edh\hijhl_Zaguc dhfie_dk h[mkeh\e_g hkgh\gufb [_edZfb fmdb ± ]ebZ^bghf b
]exl_gbghf Ijb aZf_k_l_klZhgbih]ehsZxl\h^u\ jZaZ[hevr_ k\h_c fZkku b h[jZamxl
\yadh_ weZklbqgh_ jZkly`bfh_ l_klh ;eZ]h^Zjy de_cdh\bg_ oe_[ ba ir_gbqghc fmdb
\ukhdhh[t_fguc k ohjhrhjZa\blhcihjbklhklvx
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Hl\_kvl_] bkke_^m_fhcfmdbb ihf_klbl_\ nZjnhjh\mxqZr_qdmgZe_cl_fe
\h^u bf_xs_cl_fi_jZlmjm ± ƒKL_klhaZf_kbl_kgZqZeZrlZi_e_faZl_fiZevpZfb
^hl_oihjihdZg_bkq_ag_lke_^fmdbb l_klhg_klZg_lh^ghh[jZaguf
HklZldbl_klZkhriZl_eyb iZevp_\lsZl_evghkqbsZxl^eyijZ\bevghklbhij_^_e_gby
dhebq_kl\Zde_cdh\bgu
>ey hlfu\db djZofZeZ b hljm[_c l_klh i_j_eh`bl_ \ wfZebjh\Zggmx fbkdm
\f_klbfhklvx ± e aZe_cl_ \h^hc bf_xs_cl_fi_jZlmjm
ƒK aZl_f hklhjh`gh
jZaf_rZcl_ ^h l_o ihj ihdZ g_ i_j_klZg_l \u^_eylvky djZofZe < j_amevlZl_ hklZ_lky
mijm]Zy de_cdh\bgZ [_ehd ]e_Z^bf b ]ehl_bg Ijhfu\Zxl de_cdh\bgm ± jZaZ f_gyy
\h^m keb\Zy __ q_j_a ]mklh_ kbl_qdh qlh[u aZ^_j`Zlv gZ g_f dmkhqdb de_cdh\bgu
hlhj\Z\r_ckyhlh[s_cfZkku
Hlh`fbl_g_kdhevdhjZahlfulmxde_cdh\bgmhlebrg_c\h^u<a\_kvl_de_cdh\bgm
gZl_ogbq_kdbo\_kZok lhqghklvx^h]
Qlh[um[_^blvky\ iheghfhl^_e_gbbdjZofZeZhlde_cdh\bgu__ \lhjbqghijhfu\Zxl
b hl`bfZxl
IheghlZhlfu\dbdjZofZeZhij_^_ey_lkyijh[hcgZch^>eywlh]hd ihke_^gbfdZieyf
\h^u dhlhju_ hl`bfZxl hl de_cdh\bgu ^h[Z\eyxl dZiex jZkl\hjZ ch^Z Hlkmlkl\b_
ihkbg_gbyk\b^_l_evkl\m_lh iheghl_ijhfu\dbde_cdh\bgu
Hij_^_ebl_ ijhp_glgh_ kh^_j`Zgb_ de_cdh\bgu ih hlghr_gbx d \aylhc gZ\_kdb
fmdb>eymijhs_gbyjZkq_lZihemq_ggmxfZkkmde_cdh\bgumfgh`ZxlgZ
J_amevlZlkjZ\gb\ZxlkhklZg^Zjlhfb ^_eZxl\u\h^h dZq_kl\_^Zggh]hh[jZapZfmdbih
dhebq_kl\mde_cdh\bgu
Hij_^_ebl_ dZq_kl\h de_cdh\bgu P\_l de_cdh\bgu hij_^_eyxl kjZam `_ ih
ijhfu\dbde_cdh\bguQ_fl_fg__hdjZkdZde_cdh\bgul_fgb`___ dZq_kl\h
>ey hij_^_e_gby jZkly`bfhklb ] de_cdh\bgu khfgbl_ __ \ rZjbd \u^_j`bl_ _]h fbg \ \h^_ ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ ± ƒK b jZklygbl_ _]h iZevpZfb ^h jZaju\Z hlf_qZy ijb
wlhf ebg_cdhc jZkklhygb_ gZ dhlhjhf ijhbahr_e jZaju\ DhjhldZy de_cdh\bgZ
jZkly]b\Z_lky^hkfkj_^gyy± ^hkf^ebggZy± [he__kf
>Zggu_ hp_gdb dZq_kl\Z de_cdh\bgu kjZ\gbl_ kh klZg^Zjlgufb lj_[h\Zgbyfb
Ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_\g_kbl_\ lZ[e
LZ[ebpZ
Ijhp_gl
DZq_kl\hde_cdh\bgu
DZdhfm
gh_
khjlmfmdb
kh^_j`Zg khhl\_lkl\m_
p\_ jZkly` weZklb
b_kujhc
l ijhp_gl
l
bfhklv qghklv
de_cdh\b de_cdh\bgu
gu
=jmiiZ
de_cdh\bg
u
AZ^Zgb_ Ijh\_klb hj]Zghe_ilbq_kdmx hp_gdm dZq_kl\Z fmdb ir_gbqghc b j`Zghc
>ZlvaZdexq_gb_h dZq_kl\_fmdbkh]eZkgh=HKLZ
Oe_[hi_dZjgu_ dZq_kl\Z fmdb h[mkeh\e_gu p\_lhf aZiZohf \dmkhf Z lZd`_
djmighklvx ihfheZ b h^ghjh^ghklvx baf_evq_gby obfbq_kdbf khklZ\hf b k\hckl\Zfb
\_s_kl\ dhlhju_ h[t_^bgyxlky h[sbfb ihgylbyfb m]e_\h^ghZfbeZaguc b [_edh\h
ijhl_Zagucdhfie_dku
P\_l fmdb ^he`_g [ulv h^ghlhgguf AZiZo b \dmk ^he`gu [ulv k\hckl\_ggu
ghjfZevghc fmd_ [_a ie_kg_\_eh]h aZloeh]h dbkeh]h ]hjvdh]h b ^jm]bo ihklhjhggbo
aZiZoh\b ijb\dmkh\IjbjZa`_\u\Zgbbfmdbg_^he`ghhsmsZlvkyojmklZgZam[Zo
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Hj]Zghe_ilbq_kdb_ihdZaZl_ebdZq_kl\Zfmdb
gZebqb_
p\_l
AZiZo
\dmk
ojmklZ
ih
ih
ih
ih
NZd
nZd
=HK NZdl =HKL
=HK nZdl =HK
l
l
Lm
m
Lm
Lm
LZ[ebpZ
AZdexq_gb_
h dZq_kl\_
<b^b khjl
fmdb
Hij_^_ebl_\b^b khjlfmdbih\g_rg_fm\b^m
Hij_^_ebl_ aZiZo fmdb >ey wlh]h ] fmdb \ukuiZxl gZ eZ^hgv kh]j_\Zxl
^uoZgb_f b hij_^_eyxl aZiZo < kemqZ_ khfg_gby ^ey [he__ q_ldhc ijh\_jdb aZiZoZ
g_kdhevdh ]jZffh\ fmdb kkuiZxl \ klZdZg aZeb\Zxl l_iehc \h^hc ƒK aZdju\Zxl b
q_j_a± fbgkeb\Zxl\h^mhij_^_eyxlaZiZo\lhjbqgh
Hij_^_ebl_\dmkh\u_k\hckl\Zfmdbf_^e_gghjZa`_\u\Zyg_[hevrh_dhebq_kl\h
]Wlmhi_jZpbxijh\h^yl^\Z`^ubebljb`^u^ey[he__q_ldh]hmk\h_gby\dmkZIjbwlhf
h[jZsZxl\gbfZgb_gZlhqlh\dmk^h[jhdZq_kl\_gghcfmdb^he`_g[ulvkeZ^dh\ZlufIjb
gZebqbb ihklhjhggbo ijb\dmkh\ aZloeh]h ijh]hjdeh]h k_e_^hqgh]h b ^j beb ojmklZ gZ
am[Zo^_eZxl\u\h^h gZebqbblh]hbebbgh]h^_n_dlZ
Hij_^_ebl_p\_lfmdb\bamZevgufkihkh[hf
Ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_\g_kbl_\ lZ[e
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblvihjbklhklvb dbkehlghklvoe_[Z
Ihjbklhklv ± wlh hlghr_gb_ h[t_fZ ihj fydbrZ oe_[Z d _]h h[t_fm \ujZ`_ggh_ \
ijhp_glZoq_f\ur_ihjbklhklvl_f\ur_kl_i_gvmk\h_gbyoe_[Zl_f\ur__]hdZq_kl\h
IhjbklhklvaZ\bkblhldhebq_kl\Zb dZq_kl\Z[_edh\Z lZd`_l_ogheh]bb\ui_qdboe_[Z
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
H[jZa_poe_[gh]hba^_ebyjZa^_ebl_gZ^\_iheh\bgdb b hldZ`^hcbagboh[j_`vl_
ehflblhesbghc± kf
Pbebg^jhf hl ijb[hjZ @mjZ\e_\Z kfZaZgguf gZ dhgp_ jZklbl_evguf fZkehf
\uj_`vl_ ba h[hbo ehfl_c pbebg^jbq_kdb_ \u_fdb g_ f_g__ lj_o ± q_luj_o DZ`^uc
dmkhq_doe_[Z\ \b^_pbebg^jZ^he`_gbf_lvh[t_fkf
Ihemqb\\u_fdblhqghihkf\a\_kvl_k lhqghklvx^h]
JZkq_lihjbklhklbijh\h^ylihnhjfme_
o
<
<
F
J ]^_ < ± h[sbc h[t_f \u_fhd oe_[Z kf F ± fZkkZ \u_fhd ] J ± iehlghklv [_kihjbklhc
fZkku
Iehlghklv [_kihjbklhc fZkku oe_[guo ba^_ebc ^ey oe_[Z ba ir_gbqghc fmdb ]h
khjlZ ± ba ir_gbqghc fmdb ]h khjlZ ± ba h[hcghc fmdb ± ba ba^_ebc
j`ZguoaZ\Zjguob bah\kyghcfmdb± KjZ\gbl_ ihemq_ggmx ihjbklhklv ba^_eby kh klZg^Zjlhf b k^_eZcl_ \u\h^u ih wlhfm
ihdZaZl_ex
Dbkehlghklvoe_[Z
Dbkehlghklv oZjZdl_jbam_lky dhebq_kl\hf g jZkl\hjZ 1ZHG kf b^ms_]h gZ
g_cljZebaZpbx dbkehl \ ] ba^_ebc Lbljh\Zgb_ ijhba\h^blky g jZkl\hjhf1ZHGZ
fhehqgZy dbkehlZ ba\e_dZ_lky g_ ba ] ba^_eby Z ba ] Ihwlhfm \ nhjfmem jZkq_lZ
dbkehlghklb\\_^_gukhhl\_lkl\mxsb_ihijZ\hqgu_dhwnnbpb_glu
Dbkehlu b ijh^mdlu bo \aZbfh^_ckl\by kh kibjlZfb b ^jm]bfb \_s_kl\Zfb
hl\_lkl\_ggu aZ \dmk oe_[Z Ihwlhfm dbkehlghklv kem`bl h^gbf ba ihdZaZl_e_c dhgljhey
ijhp_kkZ ijhba\h^kl\Z b ]hlh\uo ba^_ebc Ijbylguc \dmk k\hckl\_gguc ir_gbqghfm
oe_[m ijb^Z_l fhehqgZy dbkehlZ MdkmkgZy b ^jm]b_ e_lmqb_ dbkehlu j_adh mom^rZxl
\dmkh\u_dZq_kl\Zoe_[Z
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
F_edh baf_evqbl_ ] oe_[Z b i_j_g_kbl_ \ rbjhdh]hjemx dhe[m beb fhehqgmx
[mluedm
AZe_cl_\h^hcW ƒKf_jgucpbebg^j^hhlf_ldbkfWlm\h^mihkl_i_ggh
^h[Z\vl_ \ ihkm^m k oe_[ghc djhrdhc b jZahljbl_ __ kl_deygghc iZehqdhc ^h ihemq_gby
h^ghjh^ghcdZr_h[jZaghcfZkku
Dhe[m k \h^hc wg_j]bqgh \kljyob\Zxl \ l_q_gb_ ± fbg b ^Zxl fZkk_ hlklhylvky
Hk\_le_ggmx `b^dhklv gZoh^ysmxky gZ^ dZrbp_c i_j_eb\Zxl \ klZdZg q_j_a kbl_qdh
ihdjulh_fZje_c
GZ[_jbl_ ibi_ldhc ih kf hk\_le_gghc b hlh[jZgghc `b^dhklb b ihhq_j_^gh
\g_kbl___ \^\_dhe[uih± kfaZl_f^h[Z\vl_ih
± dZiebn_ghenlZe_bgZb
hllbljmcl_g 1ZHG^hihy\e_gbykeZ[hjhah\h]hhdjZrb\Zgbyg_bkq_aZxs_]h\ l_q_gb_
± fbg
Dbkehlghklvoe_[Zhij_^_eyxl ihnhjfme_
o
˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ [
˜ AZdexq_
gb_h
dZq_kl\_
ih
dZ`^hfm
ihdZaZl_
ex
J_rbl_lhj]h\u_kblmZpbb
LZ[ebpZ
H[s__
aZdexq_gb_h
dZq_kl\_oe_[Z
Hj]Zghe_
ilbq_kdb
_
Ihjbklhk
lv
Dbkehlgh
klv
DZl_]hj
byb
ghf_j
klZg^Zj
lZ
Lj_[h\Zgby
klZg^ZjlZ
IhdZaZl_
eb
dZq_kl\Z
oe_[Z
NZdlbq_kdb_
^Zggu_ihke_
hij_^_e_gby
dZq_kl\Z
]^_± gZ\_kdZoe_[ghcdjhrdb]± dhebq_kl\hgZklhy\aylh]h^eylbljh\Zgbyfe±
dhwnnbpb_gl i_j_jZkq_lZ gZ\_kdb ] \ ] [ ± dhebq_kl\h g 1ZHG ihr_^r_]h gZ
lbljh\Zgb_ fe ± h[t_f \h^u dhlhjhc aZeb\Z_lky gZ\_kdZ oe_[ghc djhrdb fe ±
dhwnnbpb_gli_j_jZkq_lZg 1ZHG\ g
JZkq_lijhba\_^bl_^\moiZjZee_evguoijh[b hij_^_ebl_kj_^gxxdbkehlghklv
KjZ\gbl_ ihemq_ggmx dbkehlghklv k lj_[h\Zgbyfb klZg^ZjlZ ^ey wlh]h ba^_eby b
k^_eZcl_\u\h^uh dZq_kl\_
>Zggu_\g_kbl_\ lZ[eb k^_eZcl_aZdexq_gb_h dZq_kl\_oe_[Z
Ijb hij_^_e_gbb dZq_kl\Z oe_[Z hdZaZehkv qlh hj]Zghe_ilbq_kdb_ ihdZaZl_eb
khhl\_lkl\mxllj_[h\ZgbyfklZg^ZjlZ<ukhdb_ihdZaZl_ebihjbklhklb:gZebadbkehlghklb
ij_\urZ_l klZg^Zjlgu_ lj_[h\Zgby gZ ƒ >Zcl_ h[s__ aZdexq_gb_ h dZq_kl\_ oe_[Z b
h[hkgmcl_
Ijb ijb_fd_ oe_[Z \g_rgbc hkfhlj ba^_ebc g_ \uau\Ze gbdZdbo khfg_gbc Ih
lh\ZjghcgZdeZ^ghckjhdbojZg_gbyg_bkl_debh^gZdhoe_[q_jkl\uc<Zr_j_r_gb_"
Ijbijb_fd_oe_[Zm <Zkihy\bebkvkhfg_gby\ _]hdZq_kl\_Ihhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbf
ihdZaZl_eyf<ug_fh`_l_^Zlvl\_j^h_aZdexq_gb_^h[jhdZq_kl\_gghklbijh^mdpbb<Zrb
^_ckl\by"
AZ^Zgb_ Ijh\_^bl_hj]Zghe_ilbq_kdmxhp_gdmdZq_kl\Zoe_[Z
IHJY>HD<UIHEG?GBYA:>:GBY
Hij_^_ebl_bebmlhqgbl_gZa\Zgb_oe_[Z\ khhl\_lkl\bbk lj_[h\ZgbyfbklZg^ZjlZ
<a\_kvl_ ba^_eb_ b hij_^_ebl_ khhl\_lkl\b_ lj_[h\Zgbyf klZg^ZjlZ ih wlhfm
ihdZaZl_ex
Bamqbl_ihklZg^Zjlml_ogbq_kdb_lj_[h\Zgbyd ^Zgghfmba^_ebxDjZldhaZibrbl_
\ l_ljZ^vkhkkuedhcgZdZl_]hjbxb ghf_jklZg^ZjlZhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdb_ihdZaZl_eb
<g_rgbc \b^ oe_[gh]h ba^_eby hij_^_eyxl ih nhjf_ khklhygbx ih\_joghklb p\_lm
Ba^_ebyk djmigufblj_sbgZfbb ih^ju\Zfb[jZdmxlky
JZaj_`vl_ oe_[ b baf_jvl_ lhesbgm dhjdb mklZgh\b\ _klv eb hldehg_gby dhjdb hl
fydbrZ
Hij_^_ebl_ khklhygb_ fydbrZ gZ jZaj_a_iml_fgZ^Z\eb\ZgbygZih\_joghklv\k_]h
ba^_ebybeb_]hiheh\bguM]em[e_gb_^he`gh\ujZ\gb\ZlvkyQ_fweZklbqg__ba^_eb_l_f
[he__\ukhdZyihjbklhklvoe_[Zb \ur__]h dZq_kl\hH^gh\j_f_gghh[jZlbl_\gbfZgb_gZ
jZ\ghf_jghklv ihj gZ gZebqb_ dhfdh\ b ke_^h\ g_ijhf_kZ ihklhjhggbo \dexq_gbc
g_ijhi_q_gguo f_kl Oe_[gu_ ba^_eby g_ ^he`gu [ulv ebidbfb ?keb aZf_q_gZ
djhrdh\ZlhklvfydbrZlhwlhk\b^_l_evkl\m_lh ijbagZdZo q_jkl\h]hoe_[Z
Hij_^_ebl_\dmkb aZiZooe_[ZjZa`_\u\Zgb_f
<g_kbl_ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_\ lZ[e
LZ[ebpZ
FZkkZ
GZa\Zgb_ DZl_]hjby
oe_[Z
b ghf_j
ih nZdlbq_k
klZg^ZjlZ =HKLm db
DhjdZ
ih
nZdlbq_k
=HKLm db
AZ^Zgb_ Ijh\_klbhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdmxhp_gdmdZq_kl\Zijygbdh\
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
MklZgh\bl_gZa\Zgb_ijygbdh\bo\b^kujph\u_bebaZ\Zjgu_
Hij_^_ebl_ijZ\bevghklvnhjfub __khhl\_lkl\b_gZa\Zgbxijygbdh\
MklZgh\bl_oZjZdl_j\_jog_cb gb`g_c ih\_joghklbZ ^ey]eZabjh\Zgguoijygbdh\
jZ\ghf_jghklv]eZabjh\db
JZaj_`vl_ gh`hf h[jZa_p b mklZgh\bl_ ijhi_q_gghklv hlkmlkl\b_ beb gZebqb_
g_ijhf_kZaZdZeZjZ\ghf_jghklvjZkij_^_e_gbygZqbgdb
<havfbl_ g_[hevrhc dmkhq_d h[jZapZ \ jhl b hij_^_ebl_ \dmk b aZiZo ijygbdZ
gZebqb_bebhlkmlkl\b_ihklhjhggboijb\dmkh\b aZiZoh\J_amevlZluaZibrbl_ihnhjf_
KjZ\gbl_ ihemq_ggu_ j_amevlZlu k ihdZaZl_eyfb klZg^ZjlZ b k^_eZcl_ \u\h^ h
dZq_kl\_h[jZapZijygbdZ
J_amevlZlu\g_kbl_\ lZ[e
LZ[ebpZ
<b^gZqbgdb
AZiZo
<dmk
gb`g_
c
\_jog_
c
NhjfZ
GZa\Zgb_
AZ\Zjgu_
Kujph\
u_
<b^ijygbdh\
P\_l
ih\_joghk H[jZ[hld
<b^\
lb
Z
baeh
ih\_jogh
f_
klb
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblv dbkehlghklv fhehdZ f_lh^hf lbljh\Zgby Dbkehlghklv fhehdZ
y\ey_lky ihdZaZl_e_f ih dhlhjhfm hij_^_eyxl _]h k\_`_klv <ujZ`Z_lky hgZ \ ]jZ^mkZo
L_jg_jZL
Ih^ ]jZ^mkhf L_jg_jZ ihgbfZxl dhebq_kl\h fbeebf_ljh\ ^_pbghjfZevghc s_ehqb
g_h[oh^bfhc^eyg_cljZebaZpbbdbkehldhlhju_kh^_j`Zlky\ fefhehdZDbkehlghklv
h[mkeh\e_gZgZebqb_ffhehqghcdbkehludbkeuokhe_cb ^jm]bo\_s_kl\
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Mdj_ibl_ [xj_ldm \ rlZlb\_ \ kljh]h \_jlbdZevghf iheh`_gbb b gZihegbl_ g
jZkl\hjhfs_ehqb\ur_\_jogbo^_e_gbc
Ohjhrhi_j_f_rZcl_fhehdhhlf_jvl_ ibi_ldhcfefhehdZ\ klZdZg^h[Z\vl_
fe ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^u b ljb dZieb gh]h kibjlh\h]h jZkl\hjZ n_ghenlZe_bgZ
@b^dhklv\a[helZcl_iheh`bl_gZrlZlb\ebkl[_ehc[mfZ]bb gZg_]hihklZ\vl_dhe[mbeb
klZdZg
< ihemq_ggmx kf_kv fZeufb ihjpbyfb gZeb\Zcl_ ba [xj_ldb s_ehqv \a[Zelu\Zy
dZ`^uc jZa dhe[m ^h ihy\e_gby g_ bkq_aZxs_]h jhah\h]h hdjZrb\Zgby Ihke_ ihy\e_gby
lZdh]hhdjZrb\Zgbys_ehqvgZ^hijbeb\ZlvihdZieyfbgZq_fh`ghi_j_lbljh\ZlvjZkl\hj
Dhg_p lbljh\Zgby hij_^_ey_lky ih g_ bkq_aZxs_fm \ l_q_gb_ fbgmlu jhah\hfm
hdjZrb\Zgbx`b^dhklb
<uqbkeblvdbkehlghklv[fhehdZihnhjfme_
[ Zd˜
]^_ Z ± dhebq_kl\h s_ehqb ihr_^r_c gZ lbljh\Zgb_ fe d ± ihijZ\hqguc
dhwnnbpb_gl^eys_ehqb
KjZ\gbl_ihemq_ggu_j_amevlZluk ^ZggufbklZg^ZjlZb k^_eZcl_\u\h^
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblv`bjghklvfhehdZ\a[Zelu\Zgb_f\ klZdZg_
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Kf_rZcl_h[jZa_pfhehdZ
GZe_cl_\ obfbq_kdbcklZdZg^hiheh\bgu_]hh[t_fZi_j_f_rZggh_fhehdh
MklZgh\bl_l_fi_jZlmjm^h± ƒK
Hij_^_ebl_ kl_i_gv `bjghklb fhehdZ \a[helZ\ _]h \ klZdZg_ b gZ[ex^Zy dZdhc
iehlghklbgZe_lhghh[jZam_lgZkl_gdZoklZdZgZ
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblv kh^_j`Zgb_ \h^u \ keb\hqghf fZke_ KjZ\gbl_ ihemq_ggu_
j_amevlZluk ^Zggufb=HKLZ
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Ijh\_jvl_lhqghklvihdZaZgby\_kh\
<a\_kvl_f_lZeebq_kdbcklZdZgqbd
Hl\_kvl_\ klZdZgqbd] keb\hqgh]hfZkeZ
M^Zebl_\h^mbafZkeZAZ`]bl_kibjlh\dmgZ]j_\Zcl_gZkibjlh\d_ijbihklhygghf
e_]dhfihf_rb\ZgbbklZdZgqbd^hl_oihjihdZ\ky\h^Z bafZkeZg_\udbibll_dbi_gb_
ij_djZlblvkyhk_\rbcdha_bgih[mj__lAZl_ffZkehhoeZ^bl_
Hij_^_ebl_ kh^_j`Zgb_ \eZ]b \ fZke_ Kgh\Z \a\_kvl_ klZdZgqbd k fZkehf
hij_^_ebl_fZkkmh[_a\h`_ggh]hfZkeZb \uqbkebl_ijhp_glgh_kh^_j`Zgb_\ g_f\eZ]bZ
ihnhjfme_
Z
[ \ ˜ [
]^_[ ± fZkkZfZkeZ^hm^Ze_gby\eZ]b]\ ± fZkkZfZkeZihke_m^Ze_gby\eZ]b]
MklZgh\bl_ klZg^Zjlghklv keb\hqgh]h fZkeZ ih kh^_j`Zgbx \ g_f \eZ]b kjZ\gb\
ihemq_ggu_ihdZaZl_ebk mdZaZggufb\ klZg^Zjl_K^_eZcl_ \u\h^
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblvhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbdZq_kl\hfZj]ZjbgZKhihklZ\vl_ihemq_ggu_
^Zggu_k lj_[h\Zgbyfb=HKLZ
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Hij_^_ebl_aZiZofZj]ZjbgZjZaj_aZ\h[jZa_pfZj]ZjbgZqbklufgh`hf
K^_eZcl_ gh\uc jZaj_a b hij_^_ebl_ \dmk fZj]ZjbgZ \ay\ ba kj_aZ dmkhq_d b
jZa`_\Z\_]h
GZ^Z\bl_gZkj_ariZl_e_fb mklZgh\bl_dhgkbkl_gpbxb _]hp\_l
KhihklZ\vl_ihemq_ggu_j_amevlZlukhklZg^Zjlhfb k^_eZcl_\u\h^
Ihemq_ggu_j_amevlZlujZ[hluaZibrbl_\ lZ[e
LZ[ebpZ
<dm AZiZ Dhgkbkl_gp
P\_l
k
o
by
AZdexq_gb_h \b^_b nhjf_
fZj]ZjbgZ
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblvhj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbdZq_kl\hjZklbl_evgh]hfZkeZKhihklZ\vl_
^Zggu_k lj_[h\Zgbyfb=HKLZ
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Baf_jvl_l_fi_jZlmjmfZkeZ^h\_^y__ ^hK
GZg_kbl_ lhgdbfkeh_fdZi_evfZkeZgZij_^\Zjbl_evghqbklh\ufulmxb ^hkmoZ
\ul_jlmx kl_deyggmx ieZklbgdm Hij_^_eblv ih aZiZom \b^ b ^h[jhdZq_kl\_gghklv fZkeZ
MklZgh\bl_g_qm\kl\mxlkyeb\ fZke_ihklhjhggb_aZiZobb dZdb_
Ih^h]j_cl_\h^m\ klZdZg_^hƒKGZe_cl_fZkeh\ rbjhdmxijh[bjdm\klZ\vl_\
g__ l_jfhf_lj Z aZl_f ijh[bjdm k fZkehf himklbl_ \ gZ]j_lmx \h^m b ihf_rb\Zy
l_jfhf_ljhf fZkeh ^h\_^bl_ _]h l_fi_jZlmjm ^h ƒK Hij_^_ebl_ \lhjbqgh aZiZo
KhihklZ\vl_ ihdZaZl_eb ihemq_ggu_ ijb bkke_^h\Zgbb aZiZoZ oheh^gh]h b ih^h]j_lh]h
fZkeZ
G_[hevrh_dhebq_kl\hfZkeZl_fi_jZlmjZƒK\havfbl_\ jhljZahljbl_yaudhfh
g_[hb mklZgh\bl_\dmkK\_`__fZkehbf__l\dmkg_`gucijbylgucZ g_^h[jhdZq_kl\_ggh_
± hkljuc`]mqbck ijh]hjdeuf\dmkhf
FZkeh gZe_cl_ \ klZdZgqbd b jZkkfZljb\Zcl_ fZkeh gZ [_ehf nhg_ kgZqZeZ ijb
ijhoh^ys_f Z aZl_f ijb hljZ`_gghf k\_l_ Hij_^_ebl_ p\_l b hll_ghd fZkeZ MklZgh\bl_
ijhajZqgh_ hgh beb fmlgh_ Ihemq_ggu_ ihdZaZl_eb kjZ\gbl_ k ihdZaZl_eyfb klZg^ZjlZ b
k^_eZcl_\u\h^
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblvk\_`_klvfykZijh[hcgZeZdfmk
< fur_qguo ldZgyo fykZ ijb ihkf_jlghf baf_g_gbb ]ebdh]_g ih^ ^_ckl\b_f
n_jf_glh\ i_j_oh^bl \ fhehqgmx dbkehlm H^gh\j_f_ggh nhknhjhkh^_j`Zsb_ \_s_kl\Z
i_j_oh^yl \ hjlhnhknhjgmx dbkehlm qlh \uau\Z_l ihdjZkg_gb_ eZdfmkh\hc [mfZ`db Ijb
g_ijZ\bevghf ojZg_gbb fykZ ih^ ^_ckl\b_f n_jf_glh\ b [Zdl_jbc ijhbkoh^bl jZkiZ^
[_edh\ b \u^_e_gb_ ZffbZdZ qlh b ^Z_l s_ehqgmx j_Zdpbx ± ihkbg_gb_ eZdfmkh\hc
[mfZ`db
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Hij_^_ebl_ k\_`_klv k\_`_]h h[jZapZ fykZ JZaj_`vl_ fykh b \gmljv _]h \klZ\vl_
djZkgmx b kbgxx eZdfmkh\u_ [mfZ`db ij_^\Zjbl_evgh kfhq_ggu_ \ ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc
\h^_AZ`fbl_[mfZ`db\ jZaj_a_ih^_j`bl_bo\f_kl_\ l_q_gb_fbg\ugvl_[mfZ`dbba
jZaj_aZb iheh`bl_gZ[_emxnbevljh\Zevgmx[mfZ]mjy^hfk djZkghcb kbg_c[mfZ`dZfb
kfhq_ggufb^bklbeebjh\Zgghc\h^hcGZ[ex^Zcl_aZbaf_g_gb_fhdjZkdbK^_eZcl_\u\h^
h k\_`_klbfykZ
LZdmx`_jZ[hlmijh^_eZcl_k g_k\_`bfh[jZaphffykZK^_eZcl_\u\h^
AZ^Zgb_ Hij_^_eblvgZebqb_ djZofZeZbebir_gbqghcfmdb\ \Zj_guodhe[ZkZo
DjZofZevgucde_ckl_jgZoheh^_ih^^_ckl\b_fkeZ[h]hjZkl\hjZch^ZhdjZrb\Z_lky\
kbgbc p\_l Qlh[u hij_^_eblv gZebqb_ djZofZeZ \ dhe[Zk_ g_h[oh^bfh gZg_klb jZkl\hj
Ex]heygZkj_anZjrZ
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gby aZ^Zgby
K^_eZcl_ k\_`bc kj_a gZ h[jZap_ \Zj_ghc dhe[Zku GZg_kbl_ ± dZieb jZkl\hjZ
Ex]heyb gZ[ex^Zcl_baf_g_gb_hdjZkdbnZjrZ
J_amevlZlujZ[hluaZibrbl_\ lZ[e
HdjZkdZkj_aZh[jZapZ
dhe[Zku
GZa\Zgb_
ihke_
b khjl ^hgZg_k_gby
gZg_k_gby
dhe[Zku
jZkl\hjZ
jZkl\hjZ
Ex]hey
Ex]hey
LZ[ebpZ
<u\h^h gZebqbb
djZofZeZ
AZ^Zgb_Bamq_gb_kljh_gbyb k\hckl\Z\hehdhghj]Zghe_ilbq_kdbff_lh^hf
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Ihdhee_dpbb\hehdhghagZdhfvl_kvk \g_rgbf\b^hf\hehdhgHlf_lvl_bo^ebgm
lhesbgm[e_kdp\_loZjZdl_jba\blhklb
Bamqbl_ hkh[_gghklb kljh_gby oehidh\h]h evgygh]h r_jklygh]h \hehdgZ eZ\kZgZ
dZijhgZgbljhgZ\bkdhauZp_lZlgh]h\hehdgZ
Baf_jvl_^ebgm\hehdgZk ihfhsvxfbeebf_ljh\hcebg_cdbJZkkfhljbl_p\_lb [e_kd
\hehdhg\ hljZ`_gghfk\_l_
Hij_^_ebl_kl_i_gvba\blhklb\hehdhg\ukhdZyghjfZevgZyiheh]Zy
Mijm]hklv \hehdhg hij_^_ebl_ ih kl_i_gb kfbgZ_fhklb bo ijb gZ`bf_ iZevpZfb
KjZ\gbl_kl_i_gvmijm]hklbr_jklbb eZ\kZgZoehidZevgZdZijhgZ\bkdhaugZlmjZevgh]h
r_edZ
< klZdZg k \h^hc iheh`bl_ jZaebqgu_ \hehdgZ b hlf_lvl_ kdhjhklv bo kfZqb\Zgby
Hij_^_ebl_ baf_g_gb_ ijhqghklb \hehdhg \ fhdjhf khklhygbb ^ey q_]h jZahj\bl_ imqdb
h^gh]h \b^Z \hehdhg \ kmohf b fhdjhf khklhygbb KjZ\gbl_ ih wlhfm ihdZaZl_ex \hehdgZ
r_jklbb eZ\kZgZ\bkdhauZp_lZlgh]hr_edZoehidZb evgZ
<havfbl_ijh[mgZ]hj_gb_QZklv\hehdhgdZ`^h]h\b^Zke_]dZaZdjmlbl_gZibgp_l_
b \g_kbl_ k[hdm \ ieZfy ]hj_edb Hlf_lvl_ oZjZdl_j ]hj_gby aZiZo nhjfm b p\_l
h[m]e_gguodhgph\
AZ^Zgb_ Bamq_gb_fbdjhkljmdlmju\hehdhg
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
MklZgh\bl_ fbdjhkdhi lZd qlh[u a_jdZeh [ueh h[jZs_gh d bklhqgbdm k\_lZ
Ijb]hlh\e_gguc ij_iZjZl iheh`bl_ gZ ij_^f_lguc klhebd ih^ h[t_dlb\ b aZdj_ibl_
aZ`bfZfb
JZkkfhljbl_ ij_iZjZlu r_jklb evgZ oehidZ \bkdhau Zp_lZlgh]h b gZlmjZevgh]h
r_edZdZijhgZeZ\kZgZIhemq_ggh_bah[jZ`_gb_aZjbkmcl_\ jZ[hqmxl_ljZ^vb kjZ\gbl_k
lbih\uf
AZ^Zgb_ Bkke_^h\Zgb_\hehdhgk ihfhsvxobfbq_kdboj_Zdlb\h\
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
LZ[ebpZ
Baf_g_gb_\hehdhgih^^_ckl\b_f
J_Zdlb\
R\_ce_jZ
Ihi_j_qguc
kj_a
JZkl\hj± _^dh]h
gZljby
JZkl\hj
± _^dh]hgZljby
JZa[Z\e_ggZy
g_hj]Zgbq_kd
ZydbkehlZ
Dhgp_gljbjh
\ZggZy
g_hj]Zgbq_kd
ZydbkehlZ
Oehjpbgd
ch^
Kljh_gb_
\hehdgZ
Ijh^hevguc
kj_a
<b^\hehdgZ
Ijh[moehidh\h]h\hehdgZihf_klbl_k ihfhsvxkl_deygghciZehqdbgZ^ghqbklhc
ijh[bjdb
GZe_cl_ \ ijh[bjdm ± fe gh]h jZkl\hjZ _^dh]h gZljby GZ[ex^Zcl_ aZ
baf_g_gb_f\hehdhg\ l_q_gb_± fbg
<g_kbl_ijh[bjdmk bkke_^m_fuf\hehdghf\ ieZfy]hj_edbb ijhdbiylbl_\ l_q_gb_
fbgHlf_lvl_baf_g_gb_\hehdgZ
Ijb]hlh\vl_ ijh[u k hc b hc _^dhc s_ehqvx jZa[Z\e_gghc
dhgp_gljbjh\Zgghc k_jghc b Zahlghc dbkehlZfb b Zp_lhghf Ijh\_^bl_ bkke_^h\Zgby [_a
dbiyq_gbyb ijbdbiyq_gbbijh[
GZ ij_^f_lgh_ kl_deh ihf_klbl_ g_kdhevdh \hehdhg oehidZ b ih^_ckl\mcl_ gZ gbo
lj_fyiylvxdZieyfboehjpbgdch^ZGZ[ex^Zcl_ih^fbdjhkdhihfoZjZdl_jhdjZkdb
GZ ij_^f_lgh_ kl_deh gZg_kbl_ ibi_ldhc j_Zdlb\ R\_cp_jZ b ihf_klbl_ \ g_]h
\hehdgZ oehidZ GZdjhcl_ ihdjh\guf kl_dehf b gZ[ex^Zcl_ ih^ fbdjhkdhihf baf_g_gby
\hehdhg
Ijh\_^bl_ lZdb_ `_ bkke_^h\Zgby \hehdhg evgZ r_jklb eZ\kZgZ gbljhgZ
Zp_lZlgh]hr_edZ
J_amevlZlujZ[hluaZibrbl_\ lZ[e
AZ^Zgb_ >_eh\Zy b]jZWdki_jlbaZlh\Zjh\ihdZq_kl\m
P_ev ^_eh\hc b]ju ± aZdj_ie_gb_ l_hj_lbq_kdbo agZgbc h\eZ^_gb_ mf_gbyfb
wdki_jlghc hp_gdb ihlj_[bl_evkdbo lh\Zjh\ \ mkeh\byo bfblbjmxsbo ijhn_kkbhgZevgmx
^_yl_evghklvki_pbZebklZdhff_jkZglZ
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Ih^]hlh\dZd aZgylbxKlm^_gl^he`_gbamqblv >@
AZgylbyijh\h^ylkyih>@
JZa[bjZxlky ^\Z \ZjbZglZ Wdki_jlbaZ ieh^hh\hsguo lh\Zjh\ Wdki_jlbaZ q_jgh]h
[Zcoh\h]hqZy
AZ^Zgb_ Ijh\_^_gb_]b]b_gbq_kdhcwdki_jlbau
P_ev jZ[hlu ± hagZdhfe_gb_ kh kj_^kl\Zfb ]b]b_gbq_kdhc wdki_jlbau b ijb_fZfb __
ijh\_^_gby
Ihjy^hd\uiheg_gbyaZ^Zgby
Ih^]hlh\dZd aZgylbxklm^_gl^he`_gbamqblvfZl_jbZeu>@
KIBKHDJ?DHF?G>M?FHC EBL?J:LMJU
GbdheZ_\ZF:Lh\ZjgZywdki_jlbaZF>_eh\Zyebl_jZlmjZ
F_lh^bq_kdb_ j_dhf_g^Zpbb ih \uiheg_gbx eZ[hjZlhjghijZdlbq_kdbo jZ[hl ih
wdki_jlba_ ihlj_[bl_evkdbo lh\Zjh\ HljZke_\hc p_glj ih\ur_gby d\ZebnbdZpbb
jZ[hlgbdh\lhj]h\ebFbgbkl_jkl\hlhj]h\ebJhkkbbF
KZGIbG =b]b_gbq_kdb_ lj_[h\Zgby d dZq_kl\m b [_ahiZkghklv
ijh^h\hevkl\_ggh]hkujvyb ibs_\uoijh^mdlh\
HKGH<UWDKI?JLBAU
LH<:JH<B MKEM=
F_lh^bq_kdb_mdZaZgbyih\uiheg_gbx
eZ[hjZlhjghijZdlbq_kdbojZ[hl
^eyklm^_glh\dmjkZ^g_\gh]hhl^_e_gby
ki_pbZevghklb
LZf[h\
Ba^Zl_evkl\h
Mq_[gh_ ba^Zgb_
HKGH<UWDKI?JLBAULH<:JH<B MKEM=
F_lh^bq_kdb_mdZaZgby
KhklZ\bl_eb>_gbkh\Z :ggZE_hgb^h\gZ
AZcp_\ ?\]_gbc<Ze_glbgh\bq
J_^Zdlhj <GF b l j h n Z g h \ Z
Dhfivxl_jgh_fZd_lbjh\Zgb_ F:N b e Z l h \ h c
EJ‹ hlIej ‹ hl
Ih^ibkZgh\ i_qZlv
NhjfZlu=ZjgblmjZ 7LPHV;mfZ]Zhnk_lgZyI_qZlvhnk_lgZy
H[t_fmkei_qemqba^e
LbjZ`wdaK
Ba^Zl_evkdhiheb]jZnbq_kdbcp_gljLZf[h\kdh]h]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hl_ogbq_kdh]h
mgb\_jkbl_lZLZf[h\Kh\_lkdZyd
Скачать