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GENERAL
E/1990/5/Add.52
14 April 2003
RUSSIAN
Original: ENGLISH
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HKMS?KL<E?GB?F?@>MG:JH>GH=HI:DL:H;WDHGHFBQ?KDBO
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_____________________
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ijbgpbiZfbdZkZxsbfbky\klmibl_evghcqZklb^hdeZ^h\]hkm^Zjkl\-mqZklgbdh\
kh^_j`blky\[Zah\hf^hdmf_gl_HRI/CORE/1/Add.114).
Kijbeh`_gbyfbmihfygmlufb\^hdeZ^_fh`ghhagZdhfblvky\k_dj_lZjbZl_
GE.03-41194 (R) 270603 160703
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 2
KH>?J@:GB?
Imgdlu
Klj.
I.
HKGH<GU?C<?>?GBY ......................................................
1-5
4
II.
IHEBLBQ?KD:YKLJMDLMJ:BH;S?IJ:<H<U?
J:FDBA:SBLUIJ:<Q?EH<?D:.................................
6 - 60
8
6 - 49
50 - 60
8
17
HKMS?KL<E?GB?DHGDJ?LGUOKL:L?CI:DL:....
61 - 626
20
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KlZlvy .....................................................................................
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KlZlvy ...................................................................................
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61 - 104
105 - 133
134 - 151
152 - 154
155 - 157
158 - 184
185 - 201
202 - 211
212 - 400
401 - 465
466 - 499
500 - 527
528 - 590
591
592 - 626
20
31
41
46
47
47
56
62
66
152
174
185
194
210
210
:
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III.
DjZldbch[ahjbklhjbbH[sb_k\_^_gby...................
BgnhjfZpbybijhiZ]Zg^Z ............................................
I_j_q_gvlZ[ebp
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
=hjh^kdh_gZk_e_gb_bijbjhklgZk_e_gby.............................................................
IhdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby ..........................................................................
KhpbZevgh_jZa\blb_-h[sb_^Zggu_....................................................................
>_fh]jZnbq_kdb_^Zggu_ ........................................................................................
IhdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby ..........................................................................
Hkgh\gu_^_fh]jZnbq_kdb_ihdZaZl_eb .................................................................
Hkgh\gu_ihdZaZl_ebhk\h_gbyijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\bhojZguhdjm`Zxs_c
kj_^u]h^ .........................................................................................................
Hkgh\gu_ihdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby ........................................................
5
5
6
7
7
7
29
37
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 3
I_j_q_gvlZ[ebp (ijh^he`_gb_)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
AZj_]bkljbjh\Zggu_p_gljZfbaZgylhklbgZk_e_gby k\h[h^gu_jZ[hqb_f_klZ
yg\Zjv-k_gly[jv ]h^Z.....................................................................................
>bgZfbdZ[_ajZ[hlbpu\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z-2000 ]h^uIjbgylu_
f_juihkhpbZevghcaZsbl_ ....................................................................................
JZkij_^_e_gb_aZgyluoihk_dlhjZfwdhghfbdb...................................................
KljmdlmjZaZgylhklb\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z-]h^u............................
LZjbnuhieZluljm^Z...............................................................................................
>Zggu_h[baf_g_gbbjZaf_jZfbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu
\khihklZ\e_gbbkfbgbfZevgufihlj_[bl_evkdbf[x^`_lhf ..........................
<hagZ]jZ`^_gb_jZ[hlgbdh\\aZ\bkbfhklbhlnhjfukh[kl\_gghklb ..............
Baf_g_gb_kj_^g_f_kyqghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu\-1999 ]h^Zo\e_yo .......
QbkehihkljZ^Z\rbo\j_amevlZl_g_kqZklguokemqZ_\gZijhba\h^kl\_
1995-1996 ]h^u .........................................................................................................
I_gkbhgguc\hajZkl-]h^u....................................................................
I_gkbhgguc\hajZkl^eyfZl_j_cbf_xsboiyl_juob [he__^_l_c.................
I_gkbhgguc\hajZkl^eyebpaZgyluogZjZ[hlZokhkh[h\j_^gufbbhkh[h
ly`_eufbmkeh\byfbljm^Z.....................................................................................
KljZoh\hcklZ`.........................................................................................................
<hajZklgZklmie_gbybg\Zeb^ghklbbkljZoh\hcklZ`.........................................
LZjbnukljZoh\uo\aghkh\\ijhp_glZohlnhg^ZaZjZ[hlghcieZlu .............
Iheh`_gb_\h[eZklbi_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby\-]h^Zo ..................
IhemqZl_ebi_gkbcbgZ^[Z\hd ...............................................................................
Fbgbkl_jkl\hljm^ZkhpbZevghcaZsblubk_fvb...............................................
Ijh]jZffZf_jihkhpbZevghcaZsbl_bg\Zeb^h\................................................
=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyijh]jZffZihhojZg_ljm^ZgZ-]h^u.......................
=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyijh]jZffZihmemqr_gbxhojZguljm^ZgZ-]h^u
Qbkeh^_l_c-bg\Zeb^h\............................................................................................
IhdZaZl_ebmjh\gy`bagb........................................................................................
Dhwnnbpb_gluf_jl\hjh`^Z_fhklbbfeZ^_gq_kdhckf_jlghklb\ k_evkdbob
]hjh^kdbojZchgZo....................................................................................................
H[_ki_q_gghklvgZk_e_gbydhffmgZevgufbmkem]Zfb........................................
IhdZaZl_ev\ZdpbgZpbbkj_^b^_l_c\.............................................................
>_lkdh_f_^bpbgkdh_kljZoh\Zgb_ .........................................................................
Iheh`_gb_\h[eZklb^hrdhevgh]hh[jZah\Zgby .................................................
=hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_jZkoh^ugZh[jZah\Zgb_ .............................................................
JZkoh^ugZ^_l_ckikbobq_kdbfbbnbabq_kdbfbhldehg_gbyfb......................
>_lbbih^jhkldb\\hajZkl_-16 e_lg_ihk_sZ\rb_rdhemihkhklhygbx
gZgZqZehmq_[gh]h]h^Z ..........................................................................................
<g_rdhevgu_^_lkdb_mqj_`^_gbyihkhklhygbxgZdhg_p]h^Z.....................
JZkij_^_e_gb_rdhebmq_gbdh\ihyaudZfij_ih^Z\Zgby..................................
54
55
55
56
57
58
59
59
60
79
80
80
81
83
91
94
95
97
117
132
134
158
176
187
188
189
189
196
198
201
202
205
207
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 4
I.
H;SB?K<?>?GBY
1.
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kh^_j`Zgbyi_j\hgZqZevguo^hdeZ^h\]hkm^Zjkl\-mqZklgbdh\J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Z
ij_^klZ\ey_lDhfbl_lmihwdhghfbq_kdbfkhpbZevgufbdmevlmjgufijZ\ZfgZklhysbc
k\h^guc^hdeZ^hijbgyluo_xf_jZoihhkms_kl\e_gbxDhg\_gpbbbhijh]j_kk_
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2.
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‹-217-O,,bhg\klmibe\kbemZij_ey]h^Z
3.
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l_jjblhjbydf2;
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iehlghklvgZk_e_gbyq_eh\_ddf2;
klhebpZ]Dbrbg_\ijbf_jgh`bl_e_cihkhklhygbxgZyg\Zjy
2001 ]h^Z
gZpbhgZevgucijZa^gbd>_gvg_aZ\bkbfhklbZ\]mklZ
]hkm^Zjkl\_ggucneZ]ljb\_jlbdZevguojZ\guoihehkudjZkgh]h`_elh]hb
kbg_]hp\_lZk]_j[hfJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zihk_j_^bg_
nhjfZijZ\e_gbyiZjeZf_glkdZyj_kim[ebdZ
gZpbhgZevgucaZdhgh^Zl_evguchj]Zgh^ghiZeZlguciZjeZf_gl\
khklZ\_ 101 ^_imlZlZba[bjZ_fucijyfuf]hehkh\Zgb_fgZhkgh\_ijhihjpbhgZevgh]h
ij_^klZ\bl_evkl\Z
]eZ\Z]hkm^Zjkl\Zij_ab^_gl
Z^fbgbkljZlb\gh_^_e_gb_jZchgh\h^gZZ^fbgbkljZlb\gZyl_jjblhjbZevgZy
_^bgbpZfmgbpbiZebl_lh\]hjh^Z^_j_\gbbihk_edh\
^ZlZ\klmie_gby\Hj]ZgbaZpbxH[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcfZjlZ]h^Z
KljmdlmjZgZk_e_gby
]hjh^kdh_gZk_e_gb_
k_evkdh_gZk_e_gb_
45%
55%
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 5
LZ[ebpZ
=hjh^kdh_gZk_e_gb_bijbjhklgZk_e_gby
=hjh^kdh_ gZk_e_gb_
hl h[s_c qbke_gghklb
]h^
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23
46
46
Ijbjhkl gZk_e_gby
\ %)
1960- ]h^u
1997- ]h^u
2,95
-0,35
<g_rgbc^he]fej^^heeKR:]h^IhkhklhygbxgZZij_ey
2000 ]h^Z\g_rgbc]hkm^Zjkl\_gguc^he]khklZ\eyefeg^heeKR:
<]h^m<<IkhklZ\befegfhe^Z\kdboe__\bebijbf_jgh<<I
aZ]h^\khihklZ\bfuop_gZo
<]h^mmjh\_gv[_ajZ[hlbpukhklZ\be\khhl\_lkl\bbkdeZkkbnbdZpb_c
F_`^mgZjh^ghchj]ZgbaZpbbljm^ZFHLWdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\gh_gZk_e_gb_khklZ\beh
\k_]hgZk_e_gbykljZguAZgylh_gZk_e_gb_-\k_]hgZk_e_gbyb
gZk_e_gby\\hajZkl_klZjr_e_lGZyg\Zjy ]h^Z[uehhnbpbZevgh
aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgh 900 [_ajZ[hlguoihdeZkkbnbdZpbbFHL- 187 q_eh\_d
Mjh\_gvbgneypbb\]h^m- 18,4%.
>heyh[mqZxs_]hkygZk_e_gby
Mjh\_gv]jZfhlghklb\ajhkeh]hgZk_e_gby
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Bg^_dkh[jZah\Zgby]h^
Bg^_dk<<I]h^
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67,8
96,4
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4.
IhdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby\dexqZxlljb[Zah\uowe_f_glZ
ijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbmjh\_gvh[jZah\Zgbybmjh\_gv`bagbIjh^he`bl_evghklv
`bagbhij_^_ey_lkydZdh`b^Z_fZyijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbijbjh`^_gbbMjh\_gv
h[jZah\Zgbybkqbkey_lkydZdkh\hdmigh_kj_^g_Zjbnf_lbq_kdh_mjh\gy]jZfhlghklb
gZk_e_gby^hey\^\_lj_lbbh[s_]hihdZaZl_eyho\ZlZgZk_e_gbyh[jZah\Zgb_f\k_o
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 6
klmi_g_c^hey\h^gmlj_lv<dZq_kl\_ihdZaZl_eymjh\gy`bagbbkihevam_lky<<IgZ
^mrmgZk_e_gbybkqbke_ggucgZhkgh\_iZjbl_lZihdmiZl_evghckihkh[ghklb\^heeZjZo
KR:
5.
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H[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcIJHHGbe_l-^eyh`b^Z_fhcijh^he`bl_evghklb`bagb
ijbjh`^_gbbb-^eymjh\gy]jZfhlghklbb-^eyh[s_]hihdZaZl_ey
ho\ZlZgZk_e_gbyh[jZah\Zgb_f\k_oklmi_g_cb^heeKR:-^ey<<IgZ
^mrmgZk_e_gby>eyi_j\uolj_odhfihg_glh\jZagbpZf_`^mfZdkbfZevgufb
fbgbfZevgufagZq_gbyfby\ey_lkyke_^mxs_c
H`b^Z_fZyijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbijbjh`^_gbb- 25)/(85 - 25) = 0,707
Mjh\_gv]jZfhlghklb- 0,0)/(100,0 - 0,0) = 0,964
H[sbcihdZaZl_evho\ZlZgZk_e_gbyh[jZah\Zgb_f\k_oklmi_g_c
(71,2 - 0,0)/(100,0 - 0,0) = 0,712
Mjh\_gvh[jZah\Zgbybkqbke_ggucgZhkgh\_^\mo\ur_ijb\_^_gguobg^_dkh\
o <<IgZ^mrmgZk_e_gbylog2 033 - log100)/(log40 000 - log100) = 0,507
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bf_xsboh^bgZdh\u_\_kZ LZ[ebpZ
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h[jZah\Zgby gZk_e_gby 100 q_e ih IIK KR:
(%),
gZk_e_gby
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1998 ]h^
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51,9
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15
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474
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 7
LZ[ebpZ
Qbke_gghklv
gZk_e_gby
feg q_eh\_d
1960
]h^
1998
3,0
4,3
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(%)
2000 1960-1998 1998-2000
]h^
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4,3
0,85
(-) 0,45
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hl h[s_c jh`^Z_fhklb kf_jlghklb jh`^Z_fhklb dhgljZp_ilb\h\
ex[h]h \b^Z qbke_gghklb ]h^
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55
10,1
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(%),
hl h[s_c
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1999 1960
1959
1999
\hajZklghc ]jmiiu
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68,1
67,4
48,2
19,1
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ljm^hkihkh[gh]h \hajZklZ i_gkbhggh]h \hajZklZ e_l ^ey `_gsbg b
60 e_l ^ey fm`qbg
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1 995,3
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2 057,5
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1 987,7
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2 052,0
47,8
1 976,3
46,0
4 281,5
2 046,5
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29,7
54,9
28,6
55,6
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56,0
27,6
56,4
26,7
57,2
25,7
58,3
15,4
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3,1
16,1
-0,2
10,9
11,1
6,0
3,0
16,0
-1,3
10,1
11,4
6,5
2,7
19,0
21,2
20,2
19,9
17,8
19,1
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 8
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page 9
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page 10
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page 11
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page 12
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page 13
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page 16
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page 17
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page 18
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page 22
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page 24
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page 25
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page 39
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page 46
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page 47
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page 48
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page 56
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page 57
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 58
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1994
1995
1998
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 59
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page 60
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2011 ]h^Z
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iyl_juob [he__^_l_c
I_gkbhgguc \hajZkl ^ey fZl_j_c bf_xsbo
iyl_juo b [he__ ^_l_c
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gZqbgZykyg\Zjy ]h^Zi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl^eyebpaZgyluogZjZ[hlZo
khkh[h\j_^gufbbhkh[hly`_eufbmkeh\byfbljm^Z\dexq_gguo\kibkhd
ml\_j`^_ggucihklZgh\e_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z‹ hl^_dZ[jy]h^Z
mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky^eyfm`qbg-e_lb f_kyp_\^ey`_gsbg -e_lb f_kyp_\
< dZ`^hfihke_^mxs_f]h^m^hyg\Zjy]h^Zi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl[m^_l
m\_ebqb\ZlvkygZ f_kyp_\^eyfm`qbgb^ey`_gsbgKyg\Zjyi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl
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2006 ]h^Z
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I_gkbhgguc \hajZkl ^ey ebp aZgyluo gZ jZ[hlZo k hkh[h \j_^gufb b
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page 81
247. KlZlvy h]h\Zjb\Z_lkljZoh\hcklZ`mklZgZ\eb\Z_fucgZ-2008 ]h^u
Z
gZqbgZyk yg\Zjy ]h^Z^eygZagZq_gbyi_gkbbih\hajZklmg_h[oh^bfuc
kljZoh\hcklZ`[m^_lkhklZ\eylv^eyfm`qbg - 26 e_l^ey`_gsbg - 22 ]h^Z< dZ`^hf
ihke_^mxs_f]h^mhg[m^_lm\_ebqb\ZlvkygZh^bg]h^^eyfm`qbgbgZ^\Z ]h^Z^ey
`_gsbgZk yg\Zjy ]h^Z -gZh^bg]h^b^eyfm`qbgb^ey`_gsbgihdZg_
^hklb]g_l e_lkflZ[ebpm 21).
LZ[ebpZ KljZoh\hcklZ`
K yg\Zjy
]h^Z
2001 ]h^Z
2002 ]h^Z
2003 ]h^Z
2004 ]h^Z
2005 ]h^Z
2006 ]h^Z
2007 ]h^Z
2008 ]h^Z
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e_l
28 e_l
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31 ]h^
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33 ]h^Z
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26 e_l
28 e_l
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b)
ki_pbZevgucklZ`ijbh[j_l_ggucgZjZ[hlZokhkh[h\j_^gufbbhkh[h
ly`_eufbmkeh\byfbljm^Z^ZxsbcijZ\hgZi_gkbxebpZfmdZaZgguf\qZklb 3
klZlvb mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky^eyfm`qbg - 10 e_l^ey`_gsbg - 7 e_l
248. < klZlv_ AZdhgZhij_^_eyxlkymkeh\bygZagZq_gbyi_gkbbih\hajZklm
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ihegZyi_gkbyih\hajZklmgZagZqZ_lkyih^hklb`_gbbi_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZ
ij_^mkfhlj_ggh]hklZlv_c ijbgZebqbbkljZoh\h]hklZ`Zij_^mkfhlj_ggh]h
klZlv_c 42;
b)
aZkljZoh\Zggh_ebphdhlhjh_ih^hklb`_gbbmklZgh\e_ggh]hi_gkbhggh]h
\hajZklZg_fh`_lih^l\_j^blvihegh]hlj_[m_fh]hkljZoh\h]hklZ`Zghih^l\_j`^Z_l
kljZoh\hcklZ`g_f_g__ e_lbf__lijZ\hgZg_ihegmxi_gkbxbkqbke_ggmx
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249. I_gkbyih\hajZklmbkqbkey_lky\khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c AZdhgZ
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aZkljZoh\Zggh]h^hoh^ZmdZaZggh]h\klZlv_ aZdZ`^uc]h^g_h[oh^bfh]hkljZoh\h]h
klZ`Z e_l
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 82
b)
^eyaZkljZoh\Zggh]hebpZkhkljZoh\ufklZ`_f[he__ e_ljZaf_jiheghc
i_gkbbm\_ebqb\Z_lkygZhlaZkljZoh\Zggh]h^hoh^ZaZdZ`^uc^hihegbl_evguc
kljZoh\hc]h^
k
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klZlvb g_j_Zebah\Zeh_]hjZaf_ji_gkbbm\_ebqb\Z_lkygZhliheghci_gkbbaZ
dZ`^uckljZoh\hc]h^hljZ[hlZggucihke_^hklb`_gbymklZgh\e_ggh]hi_gkbhggh]h
\hajZklZ
d)
gb`_ijb\h^ylkynhjfmeubkqbke_gbyjZaf_jZi_gkbbih\hajZklm
jZaf_jiheghci_gkbbih\hajZklmbkqbkey_lkyihnhjfme_
P = {1,2% * 35 + 2% * (Vt - 35) + 2% * (R-Rn)} * Sa,
]^_
P
Vt
Sa
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R
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P = 1,2% * Vt * Sa;
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qZklyfb b
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bf_xs_fmkykljZoh\hfmklZ`m
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 83
250. I_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZ_lkyihke_mklZgh\e_gbybg\Zeb^ghklb
Bg\Zeb^ghklvijbqbgZ]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklbb\j_fy__gZklmie_gbymklZgZ\eb\Zxlky
dhgkbebmfZfb\jZq_[ghcwdki_jlbau`bag_kihkh[ghklbD<W@gZhkgh\Zgbb
iheh`_gbcml\_j`^_gguoijZ\bl_evkl\hfklZlvy Mkeh\bygZagZq_gbyi_gkbbih
bg\Zeb^ghklby\eyxlkyke_^mxsbfb
Z
i_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZ_lkyaZkljZoh\ZggufebpZfijbiheghcbeb
qZklbqghcmljZl_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb\ke_^kl\b_
i)
h[s_]haZ[he_\Zgby
ii)
ljm^h\h]hm\_qvy
iii)
ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]haZ[he_\Zgby
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i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZklZlvy 19).
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ihbg\Zeb^ghklbI_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_h[s_]haZ[he_\ZgbygZagZqZ_lky
aZkljZoh\ZggufebpZfijbgZebqbbke_^mxs_]hkljZoh\h]hklZ`Zdh\j_f_gb
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aZ[he_\ZgbygZagZqZxlkyg_aZ\bkbfhhlgZebqbykljZoh\h]hklZ`ZIjbi_j_\h^_k
i_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_ljm^h\h]hm\_qvybebijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h
aZ[he_\ZgbygZi_gkbxihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_h[s_]haZ[he_\Zgbyg_h[oh^bfuc
kljZoh\hcklZ`hij_^_ey_lky\aZ\bkbfhklbhl\hajZklZdh\j_f_gbi_j\hgZqZevgh]h
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 84
253. JZaf_ji_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklbbkqbkey_lky\aZ\bkbfhklbhl]jmiiubg\Zeb^ghklb
ihke_^mxsbfnhjfmeZf
I]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklb
P = 0,42 * Sa +
Va
* Sa * 0,1 ;
Vmax
II]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklb
P = 0,35 * Sa +
Va
* Sa * 0,1;
Vmax
III]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklb
P = 0,20 * Sa +
Va
* Sa * 0,1,
Vmax
]^_
= jZaf_ji_gkbb
= kj_^g_f_kyqgucaZkljZoh\Zgguc^hoh^bkqbke_ggucihke_\klmie_gby\
kbemgZklhys_]hAZdhgZ?]hjZaf_jg_^he`_gij_\urZlvjZaf_jZ^\mo
kj_^gboaZjZ[hlguoieZlihkljZg_\]h^mij_^r_kl\h\Z\r_f]h^m
gZagZq_gbyi_gkbb
Va = nZdlbq_kdbckljZoh\hcklZ`
Vmax = fZdkbfZevgh\hafh`guckljZoh\hcklZ`aZi_jbh^hle_l^h
i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZij_^mkfhlj_ggh]hklZlv_c ghg_ij_\urZxsbc
e_l
P
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gZagZqZ_lkyfbgbfZevgZyi_gkbyFbgbfZevgZyi_gkbykhklZ\ey_l^eyIbII]jmii
bg\Zeb^ghklbZ^eylj_lv_c]jmiiu-hlfbgbfZevghci_gkbbih\hajZklmIh
^jm]bf]jmiiZfbg\Zeb^ghklbjZaf_ji_gkbbhij_^_ey_lky\khhl\_lkl\bbkgh\uf
j_r_gb_fD<W@klZlvy 21).
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bebbf_eijZ\hgZi_gkbxklZlvy I_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZxlky
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 85
Z
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ih\lhjguc[jZdkmijm]m_kebhggZ^_gvkf_jlbdhjfbevpZbebg_iha^g__iylbe_lihke_
_]hkf_jlb^hklb]i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZmdZaZggh]h\klZlv_ eb[hklZebg\Zeb^hf
I bebII]jmiiu
k
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mf_jr_]hdhjfbevpZg_^hklb]rbfb\hajZklZlj_oe_lklZlvy 25).
256. <klZlv_ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyf_lh^bkqbke_gbyi_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZ
JZaf_ji_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZkhklZ\ey_lhli_gkbbbeb\hafh`ghc
i_gkbbih\hajZklmdhjfbevpZbkqbke_gghc\khhl\_lkl\bbkhke_^mxs_cnhjfmehc
P = 1,2% * Vt * Sa
I_gkbymklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\aZ\bkbfhklbhlqbkeZb`^b\_gp_\-ihemqZl_e_c
ke_^mxsbfh[jZahf
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aZ\bkbfhklbhlqbkeZihemqZl_e_ci_gkbbke_^mxsbfh[jZahf
Z
gZh^gh]h- 50%;
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 86
>_lyfihl_jy\rbfh[hbojh^bl_e_cgZagZqZ_lkyi_gkbyij_^klZ\eyxsZykh[hckmffm
i_gkbcbkqbke_gguo^eydZ`^h]hbajh^bl_e_cFbgbfZevgucjZaf_ji_gkbbihkemqZx
ihl_jbdhjfbevpZ-h[hbojh^bl_e_c-^eydZ`^h]hba^_l_cg_fh`_l[ulvf_g__
fbgbfZevghci_gkbbih\hajZklm^eykhhl\_lkl\mxs_cdZl_]hjbb
258. JZaf_ji_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkygZhkgh\_
Z
i_gkbbmf_jr_]hdhjfbevpZ_kebhg[uei_gkbhg_jhfbebbf_eijZ\hgZ
ihegmxi_gkbx\kemqZ_bg\Zeb^ghklbIbebII]jmiiu
b)
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kljZoh\uo\aghkh\
259. <imgdl_ZklZlvb hij_^_eyxlkyebpZbf_xsb_ijZ\hgZi_gkbxihkemqZx
ihl_jbdhjfbevpZIhemqZl_eyfi_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZmdZaZgguf\
imgdlZo bbkklZlvb i_gkby\uieZqb\Z_lky\kemqZ__kebhgbg_bf_xl^hoh^Z
ih^e_`Zs_]h]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfmkhpbZevghfmkljZoh\ZgbxklZlvy 27).
260. <k_i_gkbbgZagZqZxlkyb\uieZqb\Zxlkyhj]ZgZfbkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby
Ihjy^hdhj]ZgbaZpbbjZ[hluihgZagZq_gbxb\uieZl_i_gkbchij_^_ey_lky
ijZ\bl_evkl\hfklZlvy I_gkbygZagZqZ_lkyihaZy\e_gbxebpZbf_xs_]hgZg__
ijZ\h_]hhi_dmgZbebihi_qbl_eyAZy\e_gb_hgZagZq_gbbi_gkbbbij_^mkfhlj_ggu_
gZklhysbfAZdhghf^hdmf_gluih^l\_j`^Zxsb_ijZ\hgZg__ij_^klZ\eyxlky\
l_jjblhjbZevguchj]ZgkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyihf_klmihklhyggh]h`bl_evkl\Z
aZkljZoh\Zggh]hebpZJ_r_gb_hgZagZq_gbbbebh[hldZa_\gZagZq_gbbi_gkbb
\ughkblkyl_jjblhjbZevgufhj]ZghfkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyg_iha^g__ ^g_ckh^gy
ih^ZqbaZy\e_gbyIbkvf_ggh_khh[s_gb_hj_r_gbbgZijZ\ey_lkyaZy\bl_ex\l_q_gb_
iylb^g_ckh^gy\ug_k_gbyj_r_gbyklZlvy 31).
261. <klZlv_ mklZgZ\eb\ZxlkykjhdbgZagZq_gbyi_gkbbI_gkbbih\hajZklm
gZagZqZxlkyih`bag_gghI_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZxlkygZi_jbh^
hij_^_e_ggucD<W@ghg_^hevr_q_f^h^hklb`_gbybg\Zeb^hfmklZgh\e_ggh]h
i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZI_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZxlkygZi_jbh^\
l_q_gb_dhlhjh]hgZebq_kl\mxlmkeh\byij_^mkfhlj_ggu_klZlv_c 25.
262. <aZ\bkbfhklbhl\b^Zi_gkbbmklZgZ\eb\Zxlkyke_^mxsb_kjhdbbogZagZq_gby
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aZy\e_gb_b\k_g_h[oh^bfu_^hdmf_glu[uebij_^klZ\e_gug_iha^g__ ^g_cihke_
wlhc^Zlu
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 87
b)
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aZy\e_gb_b\k_g_h[oh^bfu_^hdmf_glu[uebij_^klZ\e_gug_iha^g__ ^g_cihke_
wlhc^Zlu
k
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_kebaZy\e_gb_b\k_g_h[oh^bfu_^hdmf_glu[uebij_^klZ\e_gug_iha^g__ ^g_c
ihke_wlhc^Zlu
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gZagZqZxlkykh^gyih^ZqbaZy\e_gby
263. <kemqZ_\uy\e_gbygh\uoh[klhyl_evkl\bf_\rbof_klh^hgZagZq_gbyi_gkbb
ijhba\h^blkyi_j_kfhlj__jZaf_jZGh\ucjZaf_ji_gkbbmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkykf_kypZ
ke_^mxs_]haZl_f\dhlhjhfjZg__g_ba\_klgu_h[klhyl_evkl\Z[ueb\uy\e_gu
klZlvy 32).
264. <khhl\_lkl\bbk]eZ\hcAZdhgZ‹-XIVhlbxey ]h^ZhaZ]eZ\e_gghc
>jm]b_ihkh[byihkhpbZevghfmkljZoh\Zgbx\]hkm^Zjkl\_gghckbkl_f_
aZkljZoh\Zggu_ebpZdjhf_ijZ\ZgZi_gkbxbf_xlijZ\hgZke_^mxsb_ihkh[by
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b)
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3
1993
4
1994
5
1995
6
1996
7
1997
8
1998
9
1999
10
2000
11
4 347,8
4 352,7
4 347,9
4 334,4
4 320,0
4 304,7
4 293,0
4 281,5
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78,67
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57,94
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2,23
2,20
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 95
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4 fege__\\f_kypjZkoh^m_lkygZ\uieZlui_gkbcjZ[hlZxsbfi_gkbhg_jZfMjh\_gv
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1992
1993
1994
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>hey hl
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h[s_]h
h[s_]h ihemqZ- h[s_]h
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562 298
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100
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100
22,16
746 702
563 982
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100
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5 796
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0,00
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5 830
11 510
9 350
97 482
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5 770
11 869
11 667
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 96
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1993
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1 939
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2,69
3,54
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3,84
22 624
3,03
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7 066
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1995
1996
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2,19
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2,33
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2,07
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13,62
18,27
105 172
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0,08
1 615
1 615
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101
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18,16
105 623
14
18,77
109 219
14,43
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0,66
0,87
4 861
0,64
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4 706
0,62
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12,97
17,29
100 762
13,35
17,91
104 513
13,81
18,65
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36 351
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4,8
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 97
282. Kj_^gbcjZaf_jmdZaZgguoi_gkbcgZfgh]h\ur_q_fkj_^gbcjZaf_ji_gkbcih
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?/1990/5/Add.52
page 98
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1992
37,8
5,20
1,47
1,9
0,26
1,82
0,1
0,01
1993
37,5
5,04
12,28
1,9
0,26
24,18
0,2
0,03
1994
36,4
4,87
40,41
1,8
0,24
63,76
0,3
0,04
1995
36,2
4,82
51,70
2,3
0,31
69,96
0,4
0,05
1996
36,4
4,82
65,97
2,9
0,38
80,99
0,7
0,09
1997
36,3
4,80
65,49
3,8
0,38
79,37
0,9
0,01
0,03
40,5
5,57
0,01
6,0
0,82
2,75
7,1
0,98
2,07
79,5
10,93
2,15
241,9
33,2
1,70
3,40
8 372,3
41,70
40,3
5,42
10,51
10,0
1,34
26,18
6,5
0,87
17,12
60,6
8,15
23,72
222,2
29,9
0,14
68,35
80 180,6
160,95
38,8
5,20
32,38
10,7
1,43
68,67
8,1
1,08
49,01
50,0
6,70
60,19
34,7
4,65
42,80
126,55
354 895,8
242,39
38,0
5,06
38,07
11,2
1,49
78,70
8,8
1,17
73,80
50,0
6,66
70,73
30,4
4,05
50,00
133,75
514 193,9
334,29
38,3
5,07
47,90
11,4
1,51
95,33
8,8
1,17
90,25
53,6
7,10
62,00
28,8
3,82
62,00
164,15
484 200
338,64
38,4
5,07
47,67
11,4
1,51
99,77
8,8
1,16
109,45
50,9
6,72
86,80
25,9
3,42
62,00
164,15
609 060,5
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GZpbhgZevghc dhgn_^_jZpb_c
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n_^_jZpbb ijhnkhxah\
3. HilbfbaZpby mijZ\e_gby hojZghc ljm^Z
Z jZajZ[hldZ b ijbgylb_ _`_]h^guo
Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu hj]Zgu
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j_Zebamxlky aZ kq_l kj_^kl\ ki_pbZevguo
ij_^ijbylby g_aZ\bkbfh hl bo
nhg^h\ hojZgu ljm^Z
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b)
Zll_klZpby jZ[hqbo f_kl \
Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu hj]Zgu
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f_klgh]h im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby \k_
jZ[hqbo f_kl k ly`_eufb b \j_^gufb
nhjfu ij_^ijbylbc
mkeh\byfb ljm^Z \ khhl\_lkl\bb k
ihklZgh\e_gb_f ijZ\bl_evkl\Z ‹ hl
5 Zij_ey ]h^Z
k jZa\blb_ fZl_jbZevgh-l_ogbq_kdhc
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hojZg_ ljm^Z
d)
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ljm^Z
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fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
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<k_h[s_c n_^_jZpb_c ijhnkhxah\
f)
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b ijbgylb_ f_j ih bo ij_^mij_`^_gbx
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1996 ]h^Z
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1996- ]h^u
<lhjhc d\ZjlZe
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<lhjhc d\ZjlZe
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1996- ]h^u
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 133
F_ju ih hkms_kl\e_gbx ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc
iheblbdb \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z b ih
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h)
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Z h[mq_gb_ jmdh\h^bl_e_c hj]Zgh\
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b)
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jZchgguo ]hjh^kdbo b k_evkdbo
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jZchgguo b ]hjh^kdbo
i_j_^\b`guo dZ[bg_lh\
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ljm^Z
Z jZkijhkljZg_gb_ bgnhjfZpbb h
iheh`_gbb ^_e \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z \
gZpbhgZevghc wdhghfbd_
bamq_gb_ b im[ebdZpby klZl_c \
b)
h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z
k khljm^gbq_kl\h k F_`^mgZjh^guf
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ljm^Z
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bkiheg_gby
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a^jZ\hhojZg_gby Kh\_l Z]jZjb_\
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1996- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb kh\f_klgh k
GZpbhgZevghc dhgn_^_jZpb_c
iZljhgZlZ b Kh\_lhf <k_h[s_c
n_^_jZpbb ijhnkhxah\
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a^jZ\hhojZg_gby kh\f_klgh k
GZpbhgZevghc dhgn_^_jZpb_c
iZljhgZlZ b Kh\_lhf <k_h[s_c
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1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
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1996- ]h^u
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mijZ\e_gby
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1996- ]h^u
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1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
JZchggu_ bkihegbl_evgu_ dhfbl_lu 1996- ]h^u
fwjbb ]hjh^h\ b k_e
Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu
f_klgu_ hj]Zgu im[ebqgh]h
mijZ\e_gby
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f_klgu_ hj]Zgu im[ebqgh]h
mijZ\e_gby
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aZsblu b k_fvb
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 134
F_ju ih hkms_kl\e_gbx ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc
iheblbdb \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z b ih
mijZ\e_gbx hojZghc ljm^Z
6. IZjlg_jkl\h
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h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b
ijhnkhxau
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ijhnkhxau
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b)
ijh\_jhd ^_yl_evghklb ohayckl\mxsbo
h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b
km[t_dlh\ \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z
ijhnkhxau
k h[mq_gb_ miheghfhq_gguo ih hojZg_ Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu
ljm^Z ijhnkhxah\ b ljm^h\uo dhee_dlb\h\
h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b
ijhnkhxau
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d)
l^ ih ijh[e_fZf hojZgu ljm^Z
h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b
ijhnkhxau
_ \k_klhjhggyy ih^^_j`dZ hj]ZgbaZpbc Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu
ljm^ysboky ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo bgki_dpbc ih
h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b
hojZg_ ljm^Z b l_ogbq_kdbo bgki_dpbc ljm^Z
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ijhnkhxah\ \ bo ^_yl_evghklb gZijZ\e_gghc gZ
h[_ki_q_gb_ hojZgu ljm^Z
Kjhd
bkiheg_gby
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
1996- ]h^u
361. <p_eyoijh\_^_gbyZdlb\ghcbihke_^h\Zl_evghciheblbdbihh[_ki_q_gbx
ghjfZevguomkeh\bcljm^ZjZ[hlgbdZfbij_^mij_`^_gbxg_kqZklguokemqZ_\gZ
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1.
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bkiheg_gby
]h^
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aZsblu b k_fvb
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1999 ]h^Z
Fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby
Q_l\_jluc
d\ZjlZe
1999 ]h^Z
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 135
Ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ f_ju
-
h e_q_[gh-ijhnbeZdlbq_kdhf
iblZgbb
h i_j_qg_ obfbq_kdbo \_s_kl\ ijb
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e_q_[gh-ijhnbeZdlbq_kdh_
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b)
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- h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z ijb
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- h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z gZ
ljZgkihjlguo ij_^ijbylbyo
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- h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z ijb
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b e_khaZ]hlh\bl_evghc
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jZkl_gb_\h^kl\_
- h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z \
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- h[ hojZg_ ljm^Z \ lZfh`_gghc
^_yl_evghklb
3. HilbfbaZpby mijZ\e_gby hojZgu ljm^Z
-
Z mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_ kbkl_fu hojZgu
ljm^Z \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lj_[h\Zgbyfb dhg\_gpbc
FHL
Dhg\_gpby h[ bgki_dpbb ljm^Z \
ijhfure_gghklb b lhj]h\e_ ‹ Dhg\_gpby h[ bgki_dpbb ljm^Z \ k_evkdhf
ohayckl\_ ‹ b)
mqj_`^_gb_ ^he`ghklb ki_pbZebklZ ih
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k jZajZ[hldZ ieZgh\ f_jhijbylbc ih
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d)
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bgki_dpbc hojZgu ljm^Z
_ bamq_gb_ f_`^mgZjh^guo ki_pbZevguo
im[ebdZpbc ^ey jZajZ[hldb ghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\
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Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
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Fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby
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bkiheg_gby
<lhjh_
ihem]h^b_
1999 ]h^Z
<lhjh_
ihem]h^b_
1999 ]h^Z
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljZgkihjlZ b k\yab
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljZgkihjlZ b k\yab
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljZgkihjlZ b k\yab
1998- ]h^u
1998- ]h^u
=hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_ h[t_^bg_gb_ ih
e_kghfm ohayckl\m Fhe^kbev\Z
fbgbkl_jkl\h k_evkdh]h ohayckl\Z b
i_j_jZ[Zlu\Zxs_c ijhfure_gghklb
Fbgbkl_jkl\h jZa\blby l_jjblhjbc
kljhbl_evkl\Z b dhffmgZevgh]h
ohayckl\Z
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h nbgZgkh\
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb f_klgu_ hj]Zgu
im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby \ k_eZo
1998- ]h^u
1998- ]h^u
Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h
im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby
ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h
nbgZgkh\
1998- ]h^u
1998- ]h^u
?/1990/5/Add.52
page 136
Ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ f_ju
h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z ijb
bkihevah\Zgbb \uqbkebl_evghc
l_ogbdb k \b^_hl_jfbgZeZfb
- h ijh]ghabjh\Zgbb
ijhn_kkbhgZevguo aZ[he_\Zgbc b h
f_jZo ih bo ijhnbeZdlbd_
i_j_kfhlj ^_ckl\mxs_]h
f)
aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z b \g_k_gb_ ij_^eh`_gbc ih
ijb\_^_gbx _]h \ khhl\_lkl\b_ k lj_[h\Zgbyfb
Dhg\_gpbb FHL ‹ 4. F_jhijbylby ih nhjfbjh\Zgbx b
ih\ur_gbx d\ZebnbdZpbb i_jkhgZeZ
Z jZa\blb_ kbkl_fu h[mq_gby \ h[eZklb
hojZgu ljm^Z
- jZajZ[hldZ b mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_
ijh]jZff h[mq_gby ih
[_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z
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h[mkljhckl\h dZ[bg_lh\ ih hojZg_
ljm^Z hkgZs_gb_ bo
khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ZiiZjZlmjhc b
jZaebqgufb gZ]ey^gufb
ihkh[byfb h[_ki_qb\Zxsbfb
ijhp_kk h[mq_gby b ijh\_jdb
agZgbc
b) mq_[gu_ dmjku ^ey
-
]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo bgki_dlhjh\ b
wdki_jlh\ ih hojZg_ ljm^Z hj]Zgh\
p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h
im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby b
ohayckl\mxsbo km[t_dlh\
- l_ogbq_kdbo bgki_dlhjh\ hojZgu
ljm^Z ijhnkhxah\
- miheghfhq_gguo ih hojZg_ ljm^Z
ijhnkhxah\
- hj]ZgbaZpbb k_fbgZjh\ b
dhgdmjkh\ \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z
-
BgnhjfZpby b ijhiZ]Zg^Z \ h[eZklb hojZgu
ljm^Z
Z kbkl_fZlbaZpby b jZkijhkljZg_gb_
bgnhjfZpbb hljZ`Zxs_c khklhygb_ hojZgu
ljm^Z \ gZpbhgZevghc wdhghfbd_
bamq_gb_ b im[ebdZpby bgnhjfZpbb \
b)
h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z.
KhpbZevgh_ iZjlg_jkl\h
6.
Hl\_lkl\_ggu_ aZ bkiheg_gb_
Kjhd
bkiheg_gby
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h
a^jZ\hhojZg_gby
Fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h
a^jZ\hhojZg_gby
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h
a^jZ\hhojZg_gby ohayckl\mxsb_
km[t_dlu
Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h
im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby
ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu
1998- ]h^u
1998- ]h^u
1998- ]h^u
Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc
1998- ]h^u
aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h
a^jZ\hhojZg_gby hj]Zgu im[ebqgh]h
mijZ\e_gby
Ijhnkhxau
1998- ]h^u
Ijhnkhxau
Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h
1998- ]h^u
im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby ijhnkhxau
ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu
5.
Z \aZbfgh_ dhgkmevlbjh\Zgb_ ijb
jZajZ[hld_ ghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\ ih hojZg_ ljm^Z
Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h
im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby
1998- ]h^u
Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h
im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby
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page 189
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