Проблемы управления водными и земельными ресурсами

Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ –
ɆɋɏȺ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɉɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹɥɟɬɢɸɊȽȺɍɆɋɏȺɢɦɟɧɢɄȺɌɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢɇɂɀɟɥɟɡɧɨɜɚ±ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɪɟɤɬɨɪɚɉɟɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɥɟɫɧɨɣɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ
30 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2015 ɝ
ɑɚɫɬɶ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɊȽȺɍɆɋɏȺ
2015
ɍȾɄ
ȻȻɄ
ɉ
Ɋɟɞɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɹ
ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ (ɝɥ. ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ);
ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰɟɧɬ Ⱥ.ɋ. Ⱥɩɚɬɟɧɤɨ;
ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. Ƚ.ɏ. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ;
ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ;
ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. ȼ.ȼ. ɉɱɟɥɤɢɧ;
ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. ɘ.ɂ. ɋɭɯɚɪɟɜ;
ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. ɇ.ȼ. ɏɚɧɨɜ;
ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. ȼ.ə. ɀɚɪɧɢɰɤɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ. ȼɯɱЧɆɨɫɤɜɚ
ɝɆ: ɂɡɞɜɨ ɊȽȺɍ-ɆɋɏȺ, 2015. ɫ.
ȼ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ
ɮɨɪɭɦɚ «ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ»,
ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ 30 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2015 ɝ. ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦ – ɆɋɏȺ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ.
ȼ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ; ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ,
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ; ɭɩɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ; ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜ
ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ.
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ,
ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.
ISBN ©ɎȽȻɈɍȼɈɊȽȺɍ-ɆɋɏȺ
ɢɦɟɧɢ ɄȺɌɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɞɨ 3-5 %. ɉɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɚ 20-25 %, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɟɪɟɝɚɟɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɢɯ
ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹ ɜɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɨɫɬ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ 10,4-15,6 % ɢɥɢ 4,2-4,5 ɰ/ɝɚ [5,6].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ. ɗɬɢ
ɍȾɄ 502/504: 556.18
ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȼɁȺɂɆɈɋȼəɁɂ ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɇɕɏ ɂ ɉɈȾɁȿɆɇɕɏ ȼɈȾ
ɆȺɅɕɏ ɊȿɄ ɆɈɋɄɈȼɋɄɈɃ ɈȻɅȺɋɌɂ ȾɅə Ɋȿɒȿɇɂə ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆ
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ
ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ: ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 20-50 % ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɛɨɪɨɡɞɤɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɦ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ
Abstract: the basic methods of assessing the relationship of surface and
groundwater. For specific catchment area of the quantitative evaluation of the
relationship between surface water and groundwater, and calculated the coefficient of
flow
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ. ɇɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
Ɇɚɥɵɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɹɡɜɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɸ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ - ɧɚ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɭ ɥɟɫɨɜ,
ɯɢɦɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɭ, ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɟ, ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ.
ȼ
ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɟɪɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ 4312 ɪɟɤ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɜɫɟ, ɤɪɨɦɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɪɟɤɚɦ, ɞɥɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ, ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɨɬɟɧ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɨ 100 ɤɦ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɵ
ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɪɟɤ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɟɪɦɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɟɯɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ.
ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ.
ȼ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɫɬɚɥɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɚɥɨɜɤɚ (ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɵ), əɭɡɚ (ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ) ɫ
ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɦɢ, ɋɯɨɞɧɹ (ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ), ɪɭɱɟɣ ɑɟɪɧɵɣ (ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɉɚɯɪɵ)
ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.
478
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
3
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɉɨɞɦɨɫɤɨɜɶɹ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ
ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 30 % ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ. Ɍɚɤ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɦɨɫɤɨɜɧɨɣ ɉɪɨɬɜɟ ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɡɚ (ɨɬ 122 ɞɨ 195 ɦɝ/ɥ) ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɨɫɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɟɣ
ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɜ
ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɥɢɬɪɵ, ɫɭɩɟɪɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ, ɞɨɥɨɦɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɭɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ.
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɡɢɦɵɯ ɡɟɪɧɨɤɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚɫɶ ɷɜɬɪɨɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ, ɫ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ. ɂ ɯɨɬɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɜɢɡɧɵ, ɨɧɨ ɧɟ
ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɨɛɴɺɦɟ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɫɧɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ, ɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɯ (ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɞɹɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ
ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɫɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɜ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ, ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɹɫɶ ɫ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ
ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɨɛɴɺɦɵ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ
[7].
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɵ ɜɞɜɨɟ. Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ
Ɋɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɳɚɞɧɨ ɡɚɦɭɫɨɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦ
ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɢɡ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɪɨɜɧɟɧɨ ɢ
ɦɭɫɨɪɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɤ, ɧɨ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɨ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɢɯ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɹɯ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɟɤɟ. Ʌɸɛɚɹ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ
ɫɜɚɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ
ɪɭɫɥɚ.
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ [4].
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ, ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɞɨ
ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɢɡ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ, ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ [8].
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɪɹɞ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ: ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ;
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɸ, ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɜɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɢ ɢ
ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɪɨɫɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɦɹɧ, ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɩɨɥɹ (ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ).
Ɍɚɤ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ,
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɟɟ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢ
ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ
ɢɡ
ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
ɩɨɥɹ
ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɩɨɥɹ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɞɨ 5-7 % ɢ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɫ
4
477
Ʉɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ - ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɧɚɪɹɞɭ
ɫɨ
ɫɬɪɨɝɢɦ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
Ƚɭɦɢɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɫɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ. Ʉɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ: ɧɚ
ɞɚɺɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ.
ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɚ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɚɯ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
3
Ʉɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬ ɜɨɞɭ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɹ ɨɬ 1,5 - ɞɨ 4,0 ɬɵɫ. ɦ /ɝɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɨ
5
-
10
ɬɵɫ.
ɦ3/ɝɚ;
ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ
–
ɜ
2
ɪɚɡɚ;
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ
ɧɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭ ɢ ɝɨɪɸɱɟ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ – ɜ 1,5 - 2 ɪɚɡɚ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ.
Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɜɪɟɡɚ.
(ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɜɨɦ ɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɨɣ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ);
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɵ ɤ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ 30-40 %. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɵɦɢ
ɨɪɨɲɚɬɶ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɥɨɦɢɬɚɦɢ, ɩɟɪɟɫɥɚɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫ ɦɟɪɝɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɝɥɢɧɚɦɢ. Ɂɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚɯ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ [3].
ɫɱɟɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɛɨɪɨɡɞɤɨɜɨɝɨ)
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɬɟɦɢ
ɠɟ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ
ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɵɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɸɝɭ, ɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ.
ɫɬɨɹɬ ɞɟɲɟɜɥɟ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ
ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɋɄɈ.
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɪ.ɒɨɲɚ, ɪ.Ʌɚɦɚ, ɪ.Ⱦɭɛɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.),
Ⱦɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɟɡɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɞɟɲɟɜɥɟ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ
ɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɜɪɟɡɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɚ ɤ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɠɚɪɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɩɨɥɢɜɵ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɧɚ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɨ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜɵɯ
ɜɨɪɨɧɨɤ
ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɫ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɟɦ (ɞɨ 2-ɯ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ) ɩɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɗɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɫɥɚɛɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 50-70% ɨɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɶ
(ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ
ɞɨ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ.
476
ɦɟɬɪɨɜ)
ɢ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ
ɞɨ 50 % ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ,
ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ
5
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ
ɨɬɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ
ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ, ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɬ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ (¨L), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɹɦɨ
ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɛɨɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ, ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɚɝɪɨɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɡɨɧɵ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɤɨɥɶɦɚɬɚɰɢɢ («ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ») [4].
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɯ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ [1, 2, 3].
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ȼɨɞɨɟɦ ɢɥɢ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ
2br
ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ
Ɉɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ
Ⱦɜɭɯɫɥɨɣɧɵɣ [5,
6]
Ȼɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɞɪɟɧɚ,
ɩɨ ɋ.Ɏ.
Ⱥɜɟɪɶɹɧɨɜɭ
Ɉɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ǻL
kx
'L1 | 0, 5amd ,
a
,
kz
'Lx
Lbd
1
, Lnd
Lnd
1
xd 'L
'L2
k 2 m2 m1d
,
k1
1, 47 amd lg
(2)
1
, (3)
ʌd
sin
2amd
ɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1).
Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɯ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ: ɏ = ɯ+ ¨L.
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬ,
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ,
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɜɨ
2b
'L2 cth( r ) ,
'L2
ɞɪɟɧɵ Lbd, ɩɟɪɟɞ md ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
(1)
ȼ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (3), ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ¨L – ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɦ; kɯ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ, ɦ/ɫɭɬ; kz – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ, ɦ/ɫɭɬ; md – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɦ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 90 %) ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
6
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɩɨɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ.
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ.
ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɺ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɛɚɦ, ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɞ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɢɡɨɫɮɟɪɭ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦɢ (ɤɚɩɥɹ ɡɚ ɤɚɩɥɟɣ) ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɥɟɫɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰ [2].
Ʉɚɩɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɜ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɞɨɜ,
ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ – ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ
ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɱɚɹ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɹɦɢ.
475
ɍȾɄ 626.84
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɡɨɧɵ
ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ȼ.Ɇ. ɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜɚ [5, 6]:
Ɏ.Ɇ. ɘɫɭɩɨɜɚ, ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄɂ
'L
ɋȿɅɖɋɄɈȽɈ ɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȺ ɉɊɂ ɌɚɲȽȺɍ
H1 H ɪ
H 2 H1
˜ x 2 x1 .
(4)
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɝ. Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɤɚɤ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɠɞɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɨ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Annotation
There is considered the actuality of the introduction of water-saving
technologies such as drip irrigation, sprinkling and laser leveling in agriculture of
Uzbekistan in the conditions of acute shortage of water resources and degradation of
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ H1, H2 ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ
wx12
wx 2
ɢ 2 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
2T
2T
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
the quality of water and land resources in all places.
ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ: ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ (ȼ) ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ 17,2 % ȼȼɉ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɜɹɡɢ (Į) ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɣ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ (ȼ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ:
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ, ɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ – ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ
ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ,
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɟɞɭɳɢɟ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 10 % ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ
–
ɞɨɯɨɞɚ,
ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤ,
474
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɞɚɟɬ
ɩɲɟɧɢɰɚ, ɮɪɭɤɬɵ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ [1].
Tm
k
(4)
ɝɞɟ Ɍ – ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ, ɦ2/ɫɭɬ; m – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ
B
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɫɥɚɛɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɦ; k – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɯ
ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɦ/ɫɭɬ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɹɦɢ:
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
7
ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɪɨɥɢ
ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ
ɜ
2. ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ ȼ. Ƚ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɨɥɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ / ȼ. Ƚ. ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ, ɇ. ɗ. ɉɚɟɜɫɤɚɹ, Ⱦ. Ɇ. əɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ,
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. 1993. Ɍ. 20, ʋ 5. ɋ. 626-631.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ,
3. ɋɬɚɲɭɤ ȼ. Ⱥ. ȿɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɧɢɦɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ / ȼ. Ⱥ. ɋɬɚɲɭɤ. – Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪ.: ȼȺɌ “ȼɢɞɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ “Ɂɨɪɹ”, 2006. –
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɨɦ ɪɟɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ Į =
480 ɫ.
0. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ WɉɈȾɁ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
4. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤ Ʌ. Ƚ. ɍɱɟɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ Į = 1,
ɡɚɞɚɱ / Ʌ. Ƚ. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤ. – ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 1983, ʋ 2. – 127 ɫ.
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬ ɫɥɨɟɦ
5. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤ Ʌ. Ƚ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ : ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ / Ʌ. Ƚ. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤ. – ɋɭɦɵ :
ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɂɌȾ «ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ», 2006. – 662 ɫ.
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɤɢ.
6.
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ
ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ: ɛɟɡɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ, ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ
ȼ.
Ƚ.
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ / ȼ. Ƚ. ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ, Ⱦ. Ɇ. əɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ // ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɟ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ. 1998. ʋ 1. ɫ . 39-48.;
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɭ ɪɟɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ
7. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ ȼ. ɂ. Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ [Text] / [ȼ. ɂ. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ ɢ ɞɪ.] ; Ɋɨɫ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɂɧ-ɬ ɜɨɞ.
D 1 erfc( z ) ,
z
x ,
2 at
(5)
a
K ɮ ˜ hȼ
P
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ : ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ, 2006. – 335 ɫ.
8. Ɋɢɤɭɧ Ⱥ. Ⱦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
(6)
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ /[Ⱥ. Ⱦ. Ɋɢɤɭɧ, A. M.
ɝɞɟ erfc(z) – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɑɟɪɧɹɟɜ, ɂ. Ɇ. ɒɢɪɹɤ]. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1991. 160 ɫ;
ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ; z – ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ; ɯ – ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ
9. ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ ȼ. Ƚ. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɪɟɤɢ; ɚ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦ2/ɫɭɬ; Ʉɮ –
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ [Text] : ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ / ȼ. Ƚ. ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ, Ⱦ. Ɇ. əɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ,
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɦ/ɫɭɬ; hȼ – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ, ɦ; μ –
Ʌ. Ʉ. Ʌɟɜɢɬ-Ƚɭɪɟɜɢɱ. – Ɇ. : Ɏɢɡɦɚɬɥɢɬ, 2002. - 493 ɫ.
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ, ɞɥɹ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ 0,1…0,3; t – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
10. ɏɜɟɫɢɤ Ɇ. Ⱥ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ (ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ), 30-50 ɥɟɬ.
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ / Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɏɜɟɫɢɤ, Ʌ.Ɇ. Ƚɨɪɛɚɱ, ɘ.ɉ. Ʉɭɥɚɤɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ. - Ʉ. :
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ʉɨɧɞɨɪ, 2009. – 524 ɫ.
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɵ ɪɟɤ Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, əɭɡɚ, ɉɚɯɪɚ, ɒɚɥɨɜɤɚ, ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ, Ʌɚɦɚ, Ɇɟɞɜɟɧɤɚ,
ɒɨɲɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪ.ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ, ɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɤɭ Ʌɚɦɚ.
8
473
ɧɨ ɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢɯ «ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɡɚ
ȼɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɢɩɭ ɩɨɥɨɝɨɜɨɥɧɢɫɬɨɣ
ɫɜɟɪɯɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ
ɫɥɚɛɨɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɪɟɧɨɣ ɢ
ɜɧɟɞɪɹɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɥɢɦɢɬɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɚ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɚɦɢ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 5…6 ɦ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɩɚɞɢɧ ɢ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ
ɫ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɢɠɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɞɨɥɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɛɟɡɵɦɹɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɱɶɟɜ.
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ
ɹɪɤɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɩɥɚɬɟɠɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ
Ɋɟɤɚ ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ ɛɟɪɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɟɟ ɞ.Ɏɟɞɰɨɜɨ, ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪɟɤɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭ ɞ.Ɍɢɦɤɨɜɨ ɜ 107 ɤɦ ɩɨ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ʌɚɦɚ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ
ɬɨ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɨɧɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 16 ɤɦ, ɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ – 40,6 ɤɦ2. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ
ɞɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɬɚɪɢɮɚɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɡɚ ɡɚɛɨɪ ɜɨɞɵ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɪ.Ʌɚɦɵ ɭ ɫ.ȿɝɨɪɶɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ
ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ, ɧɢɠɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2.).
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɯ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ
160,00
ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɯ ɬɚɪɢɮɚɯ.
140,00
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɟ ɬɚɪɢɮɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ (ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ 80,00
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ, ɦ3/ɫɟɤ 60,00
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ) ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɦ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ [7 – 10].
120,00
100,00
40,00
20,00
0,00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961,1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɧɵɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ
ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ, ɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ, ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɟ Ʌɚɦɚ
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ (ɪɢɫ. 3).
180,00
160,00
140,00
120,00
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ
100,00
ɫɥɨɣ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ
80,00
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ, ɦɦ
ɧɨɜɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
60,00
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞ: ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ / ɨɬɜ.
40,00
20,00
0,00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1958 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
ɪɟɞ. ȼ.ɂ.Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ, ȼ.Ƚ.ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ; Ɋɨɫ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɂɧ-ɬ ɜɨɞ.
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. - Ɇ.: ɂȼɉ, 2010. – 414 ɫ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ
ɩɨ ɪɟɤɟ Ʌɚɦɚ
472
9
ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɡɨɧɵ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɢ
ɡɨɧɵ
ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ
Ɇɟɠɞɭ
ɬɟɦ,
ɪɵɧɨɤ
ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
Ɏɨɧɞɚ
ɉɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɥɢɦɢɬɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ
ɧɚ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɣ
ɫɜɟɪɯɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɯ
ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ (ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 65,0 ɦ): ɫɥɨɣ 1 (0,0…9,0 ɦ – ɫɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɢɠɟ
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 9,0 ɦ); ɫɥɨɣ 2 (9,0…40,5 ɦ – ɝɥɢɧɚ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ, ɝɚɥɶɤɢ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɚɥɭɧɚɦɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 31,5
ɫɜɟɪɯɥɢɦɢɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,
ɦ); ɫɥɨɣ 3 (40,5…43,0 ɦ – ɩɟɫɨɤ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1,5
ɱɬɨ ɲɬɪɚɮɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
ɦ); ɫɥɨɣ 4 (43,0…48,0 ɦ – ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤ ɫɟɪɵɣ ɪɵɯɥɵɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 5,0 ɦ); ɫɥɨɣ 5
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
(48,0…65,0 ɦ – ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤ ɫɟɪɵɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ, ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɨɤɪɟɦɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɉɹɬɢɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ
ɢɥɢ
ɞɟɫɹɬɢɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɬɚɪɢɮɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɥɨɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 18 ɦ).
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɦ ɫ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɫɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɬɨɥɳɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞ. Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ.
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɟ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧ ɡɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ. Ɋɟɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
Tm , ɝɞɟ Ɍ
k
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɨɜ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ
ɜɨɞ ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ¨L (¨L =
– ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, m – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, k – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɥɚɫɬɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɠɚ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɪ. ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ ɩɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɭɪɟɡɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1/3 ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 0,6. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪ. ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɬɨɥɳɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ
10
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ (ɢ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ) ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ɋɩɪɨɫ ɠɟ ɧɚ
ɥɢɦɢɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ (ɰɟɧɚ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɰɟɧɚ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɢ, ɚ ɫɚɦ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɧɵɦ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ
ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɨɜ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣ, ɞɚɠɟ ɜɡɹɜ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɧɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ,
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɦɢɬɵ ɫ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ.
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ ɡɚ
ɫɜɟɪɯɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɋɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ
ɥɢɦɢɬɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢ. ɐɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɫɬɭɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ,
471
ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ «ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ» ɢ «ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɨɜ» ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ «ɬɨɜɚɪɚ».
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ.
ɂɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ
ɧɢɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ «ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ» ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɩɪɨɫ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɛɟɡɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɧɵɣ.
ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ «ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɚɦ» ɞɢɤɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɧɵ, ɜɵɧɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ,
ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɬɨ
ɉɪɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ [3, 6, 7]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ
ɪɵɧɤɚ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɥɢ
ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɢɯ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɪɨɦɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɮɨɧɞɵ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ
ɩɪɚɜɨ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ,
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɨɩɥɚɬɭ ɜ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɛɭɞɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɰɟɧɚ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɡɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɰɟɧɚ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ
ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ «ɭɥɨɠɢɬɶɫɹ» ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɦɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɦɤɢ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɞɢɥɟɦɦɚ: ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɵɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɥɢɦɢɬ.
ȼ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ,
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɸ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ.
ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ L § 5B ɢɥɢ F § (5B)2 (ɝɞɟ L – ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, F – ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ). ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɟɥɟɫɧɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 1,3
ɤɦ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɜɚɪ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɚɭɤɰɢɨɧɵ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɭɸ, ɛɪɨɤɟɪɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. [1, 2].
Tm .
k
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ B
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ (ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ, ɫɛɪɨɫ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ, ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɦɚɥɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ. Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɤɨɦ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɦ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɥɨɠɚ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ
(ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚ),
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 1,3…1,5
ɤɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ
ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ
ɬɟɫɧɭɸ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɤ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ
470
11
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɜ ɪɟɤɢ. ɇɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. ɗɬɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɯ
ɜɨɞ.
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ
ɩɟɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɪɟɤ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɀɚɛɢɧ ȼ.Ɏ., Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɉ., Ʌɨɦɚɤɢɧ ɂ.Ɇ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ȼ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ
ɨɬ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ,
ɬɚɤɨɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɉ, 2013. 208ɫ.
2.
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ
ɀɚɛɢɧ ȼ.Ɏ., Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ., Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ., Ɏɪɢɡɟɧɚ ȿ.ȼ.
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢɥɢ,
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ,
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɟɟ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ // ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2011, ʋ 5. ɋ.56-63.
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
3.
Ɇɚɧɭɤɶɹɧ Ⱦ. Ⱥ., ɀɚɛɢɧ ȼ. Ɏ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.
ɉɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɉ, 2006. 194ɫ.
ɑɟɪɟɩɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ɇ. Ɇ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɐɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ. – Ɇ.: ɇɂȺ-
ɫ ɩɪɢɩɚɫɚɦɢ, ɡɚɩɪɟɬɚɦɢ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ – ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɉɊɂɊɈȾȺ, 2005. 260ɫ.
ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [5, ɫ.383].
4.
5.
ɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜ
ȼ.
Ɇ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ,
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆȽɍ, 1965. 233ɫ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ
ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɨ
ɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜ ȼ. Ɇ., ɇɟɜɟɱɟɪɹ ɂ. Ʉ., Ⱥɜɢɥɢɧɚ ɂ. ȼ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɤɚɤɨɦ «ɬɨɜɚɪɟ» ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ. əɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɦ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ
Ʉɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ «ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ», 2009. 192 ɫ.
ɥɢɲɶ
6.
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɜ 2012
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɝɨɞɭ/ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ; [ɩɨɞ ɨɛɳ. ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ. Ɉ. Ʉɭɥɶɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ]. –
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɧɚ
Ɇ.: ɋɩɟɰɤɧɢɝɚ, 2012. 178ɫ.
Ɂɟɦɥɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ
7.
8.
ȽɉȻɍ «Ɇɨɫɷɤɨɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ». URL: http://www.mosecom.ru/.
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦɭ
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ «ɬɨɜɚɪɨɦ» ɧɚ
«ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ» ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɚ ɜɨɞɚ, ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ (ɜ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ).
12
469
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɜ
ɰɟɥɹɯ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɍȾɄ 551.52:551.58.583
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ȼɈȾɈɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂə ɐȿɇɌɊȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɄȺɁȺɏɋɌȺɇ
ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ
Ⱥ.Ⱦ. Ɋɹɛɰɟɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɏɄ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢ
Ɇ.Ʉ. Ȼɟɤɧɢɹɡɨɜ
ɢɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ
ɊȽɉ «ɄȺɁȽɂɉɊɈȼɈȾɏɈɁ», ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɜɨɞɟ; ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ
ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɥɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɪɚɫɬɢ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
The problems of water supply are considered Central Kazakhstan as
component of national safety and possibility of redistribution of water resources in
limits into a country.
(ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ). Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ, ɲɬɪɚɮɨɜ ɢ
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɫɟɨɛɴɟɦɥɸɳɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ,
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤ ɜɨɞɚ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ,
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɚ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ:
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ȼɏɄ
ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ
Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɤ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɜɵɡɨɜɚɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ [1].
ɍɠɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɢɥɥɢɚɪɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ
ɪɨɫɬɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ.
ɇɵɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɏɄ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ
ɜɨɞɟ, ɚ 2,5 ɦɢɥɥɢɚɪɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ
ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɴɹɜɢɥɚ
ɢ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
2005-2015 ɝɨɞɵ Ⱦɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟɦ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɈɈɇ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦ
ɩɥɚɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
468
13
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ.
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ʉ.ə. Ʉɨɧɞɪɚɬɶɟɜɚ, Ʉ.ɋ. Ʌɨɫɟɜɚ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɏɜɟɫɢɤɚ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
c
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ
ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɦ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ 2800
Ⱦ.ə. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱɚ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɏɜɟɫɢɤɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. əɰɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ [2]. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
3
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ
ɜ
ɬɪɭɞɚɯ
Ɇ.Ɇ.
Ɇɢɯɟɟɜɚ,
ȼ.Ƚ.
ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɨɣ,
ɤɚɥɨɪɢɣ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ 1,0 ɬɵɫ. ɦ ɜɨɞɵ. ɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
70% ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɧɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɞ.
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ,
ɟɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ ɧɚ 20% ɭɫɢɥɢɬ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɭ ɜɨɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɡɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɬ 2-ɯ ɞɨ 5-ɬɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɚɪɞɨɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ 45 ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɦɢɪɚ.
ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ [3].
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ,
ɇɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪɟɤ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ 261
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ «ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɚɧɵ» ɩɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦ
ɢ ɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ 145 ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜ ɢ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜ, ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ.
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ
ɋɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɏɄ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ,
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ, ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ,
ɧɚ
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ.
ɨɛɳɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɪɵɱɚɝɨɜ.
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ, ɢ
ɨɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɛ ɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ [4,
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ Ʉɢɬɚɹ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
c. 58]. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɏɄ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ 44% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ. ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɵɱɚɝɚɦɢ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ,
ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ
ɜ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤ
ɧɚ
ɧɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ,
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ
14
467
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɨɤɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ
ɧɨɜɨɟ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ. ȼɫɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ.
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɏɄ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ: Ɇɚɧɝɢɫɬɚɭɫɤɨɣ, Ⱥɬɵɪɚɭɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ.
ɜ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ
(ȼɏɄ)
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ
(ɪɟɤɢ ȿɪɬɢɫ, ɂɥɟ, ɀɚɢɤ, Ɍɨɛɨɥ, ȿɫɢɥ, ɒɭ, Ɍɚɥɚɫ).
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɵɧɨɱɧɵɣ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ (ɪɟɤɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɯ
ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɀɚɣɵɤ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ
ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɧɟɬ ɹɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɫ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɨ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɟɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɭɠɟ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ȼɏɄ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ȼɏɄ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɧɟɬ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ.
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ
ɫ
3
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1,7 ɬɵɫ. ɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɭ ɜɨɞɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɟɫɶ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɜɪɨɞɟ ɛɵ, ɜɫɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ – 6,2 ɬɵɫ. ɦ3 ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɇɭɪɚ-ɋɚɪɵɫɭɫɤɢɣ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ȼɏɄ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
[1,
ɜɨɞ
ɢ
65–68].
ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ
(Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ Ⱥɤɦɨɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) - 1,1 ɬɵɫ. ɦ3, ȿɫɢɥɫɤɢɣ - 1,4 ɬɵɫ. ɦ3
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ȼɏɄ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵ.
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
(Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ, Ⱥɤɦɨɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ, ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ), Ɍɨɛɨɥ-Ɍɨɪɝɚɣɫɤɢɣ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ȼɏɄ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ (Ʉɨɫɬɚɧɚɣɫɤɚɹ, Ⱥɤɬɸɛɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) - 2,1 ɬɵɫ. ɦ3, ɒɭ-Ɍɚɥɚɫɫɤɢɣ
ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ȿ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɪɭɫɬɚɦɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɬɭɪɢɧɚ, ɋ.Ⱦ. Ȼɟɥɹɟɜɚ,
(ɀɚɦɛɵɥɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ) - 3,9 ɬɵɫ. ɦ3, ɀɚɣɵɤ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɢɣ –4,7 ɬɵɫ.ɦ3.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɇ.Ȼ. ɉɪɨɯɨɪɨɜɨɣ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɥɹɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
466
15
ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɍȾɄ 338.1:626.81
ɫɬɨɤ, ɷɬɨ ȿɪɬɢɫɫɤɢɣ (ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɚɹ, ɉɚɜɥɨɞɚɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ.), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɍɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ
3
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ – 16,7 ɬɵɫ. ɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ
ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢ,
Ⱥ.ɋ. ɓɟɪɛɚɤɨɜɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɚɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ
ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɞɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɡɪɟɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ȼɈȾɇɈȽɈ ɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȺ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɚ
ɂ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɈɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə, ɝ. Ɋɨɜɧɨ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɟɟ ɢɡ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ (ɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ).
ȼ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɋɒȺ, Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ, Ʉɢɬɚɹ, ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ
ɇɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ
ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ» (Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 2003 ɝ.) ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ Ʉɚɩɢɰɚ ɋ. ɉ. ɬɚɤ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ: «Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɫɹ ɤɚɧɚɥ ȼɨɥɝɚ-Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɧɢɤɬɨ ɧɟ
ɪɨɥɶ
ɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɞɥɹ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɯ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ
ɫɬɪɚɧ.
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬ.
Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢ
ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ.
ɞɭɦɚɥ, ɱɬɨ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ 2-ɯ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ 11 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ.
The article investigates the role and importance of water resources for the
ɇɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɫ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ».
ɇɨ ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɤɚɧɚɥ
economic complex. The main trends of involving the water resources in the economy
ɢɦ. Ʉ. ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜɨɬ ɭɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɪ.
are emphasized. In the article, the tools of stimulating and coercive nature for water
ȿɪɬɢɫ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ (ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɵ, Ɍɟɦɢɪɬɚɭ, ɗɤɢɛɚɫɬɭɡ,
management are grounded. The methodology of improving the organizational-
Ⱥɫɬɚɧɭ). ɇɚ ɜɨɞɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɗɤɢɛɚɫɬɭɡɫɤɢɟ ȽɊɗɋ 1 ɢ 2, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
economic mechanism of water management complex is proposed.
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ, ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜ
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ,
ɝ.
Ɍɟɦɢɪɬɚɭ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɦɵ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɩɵɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɠɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɢ ɢɡ ȿɪɬɢɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɇɭɪɚ-ɋɚɪɵɫɭɫɤɢɣ ɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ
ȿɫɢɥɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ.
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɚɫɬɚɥ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɜ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɪɚɡ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ. ȿɳɟ ɜ 70-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ ɒ. ɑɨɤɢɧ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɷɬɨ,
16
465
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɟ
ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ, ɜɨɞɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɂɪɬɵɲ-Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɚ (ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ – ɤɚɧɚɥ ɢɦ. Ʉ. ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ), ɫɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɫɢɥ [1].
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ȼ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɇɚɡɚɪɛɚɟɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ.,
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ - ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɟɤ, ɩɥɨɯɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ – ɜ ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɟ ɧɢɠɟ
ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟɦ 1996 ɝɨɞɚ, ɨɧ ɩɢɫɚɥ: «Ʉɚɤ ȼɚɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ
Ɏɟɪɝɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ, ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜ ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ȼɚɝɞɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɪɚɜɵ ɑɢɥɶɦɚɯɪɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ.ɑɢɪɱɢɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɪɚɹ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɪ.Ʉɚɥɝɚɧ-ɑɢɪɱɢɤ ɢ ɪ.ɋɚɥɚɪ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɚ.
Ɋɟɝɢɨɧ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɝɚɬ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɧɵɟ
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ.
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɤɢ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ, ɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɺ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ» [1].
ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ȼ
1.
Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ Ɍ.ɘ.,ɑɟɦɛɚɪɢɫɨɜ ɗ.ɂ. Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɶ”, Ⱥɲɯɚɛɚɞ, ʋ 3, 2001. ɋ. 54-56.
Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ
Ɍ.ɘ.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ
ɞɢɫɫɟɪ.
ɧɚ
ɫɨɢɫɤ.
ɭɱ.
ɫɬ.
ɤ.ɝ.ɧ.
«Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ (ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ)», Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ,
ɋȺɇɂȽɆɂ, 2004. 24ɫ.
4.
ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɚɧɉɢɧɇ ʋ 4630- 88. – Ɇ.: 1988.- 69 ɫ.
5.
ɑɟɦɛɚɪɢɫɨɜ
ɗ.ɂ.,
Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ
ɘ.ɇ.
Ʉ
ɨɯɪɚɧɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ.- Ɍɪ. ɧɚɭɱ.-ɩɪɚɤ. ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɉɪɟɫɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ»,
ɋȺɇɂȽɆɂ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ.- 1995. ɋ. 64-70.
6.
ɑɟɦɛɚɪɢɫɨɜ ɗ.ɂ., ɏɨɠɚɦɭɪɚɬɨɜɚ Ɋ.Ɍ. Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɬɚɧ // ɇɭɤɭɫ, «Ȼɢɥɢɦ», 2008. 56 ɫ .
464
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɝɨ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ,
ɧɢɡɤɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
ɩɨ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ,
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ. Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ. // Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ “ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
3.
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɭɲɢ. 2005- 2011ɝɝ.
ɬɨɦ IV, ɤɧ. 1,2,3. ɍɡɝɥɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɟ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ Ɋɍɡ.
2.
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɷɬɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
«Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ»,
ɤɚɤ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɷɬɚɩɚ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ, ɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɢ ɸɠɧɵɯ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɞɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ, ɧɟ ɭɳɟɦɥɹɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ-ɞɨɧɨɪɚ ɂɪɬɵɲɚ ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ?
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɪɬɢɫ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ, ɝɞɟ
ɟɳɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɪɬɢɫ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 33,7 ɤɦ3 ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ 7,8 ɤɦ3 ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
17
Ʉɢɬɚɟ. ɋ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɜ
3
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.- ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ
ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɞɨ 5,4 ɤɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɂɢɡɜ ɡɚ 2005-2011 ɝɝ. ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ.
ʋ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ
1
2
3
ɪ. ɇɚɪɵɧ – ɝ. ɍɱɤɭɪɝɚɧ, 3 ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɪ. ɇɚɪɵɧ – 0,2 ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɫɬɶɹ
ɪ. Ʉɚɪɚɞɚɪɶɹ–ɩɨɫ. Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɝɢɲ, 5 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ
Ⱥɧɞɢɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ –ɝ. ɇɚɦɚɧɝɚɧ – 0,2 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɋɚɪɵɤɫɵ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – ɝ. ɇɚɦɚɧɝɚɧ 18 ɤɦ ɤ ɘɁ ɨɬ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ- Ȼɚɝɞɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
(ɋȻɄ)
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – ɧɢɠɟ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɋɨɯɫɤɢɣ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – ɩɟɪɟɩɪɚɜɚ ɑɢɥɶɦɚɯɪɨɦ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ -ɝɨɪɚ Ɇɚɯɚɭɬɚɭ (0,5 ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ Ʉɚɣɪɚɤɤɭɦɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ)
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – ɝ. Ȼɟɤɚɛɚɞ, 0,25 ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – ɝ. Ȼɟɤɚɛɚɞ, 3,6 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – ɩɨɫ. ɇɚɞɟɠɞɢɧɫɤɢɣ, 6 ɤɦ ɤ ɋȼ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɺɥɤɚ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – 1 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ȽɉɄ-ɋ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ – 5 ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪ. Ʉɟɥɟɫ
ɋɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɢ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ, ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 23,3 ɤɦ3, ɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ 2050 ɝɨɞɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ 20,9 ɤɦ3.
ɉɪɢ ɩɚɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɦ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɊɎ ɞɨɥɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 11,65 ɢ
10,15 ɤɦ3 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɪɬɢɫ,
4
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɵ-Ɍɟɦɢɪɬɚɭɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɪɚɣɨɧ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɢɦ.
5
6
Ʉ. ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ ɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɟ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɨɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɫ 7,5 ɤɦ3 (ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ) ɞɨ
3
4,5 ɤɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ 2050 ɝɨɞɭ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɭ ɭɠɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ
ɜɨɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɧɭɠɞ, ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɚ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨ ɭɬɟɤɚɥɚ ɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ
Ʌɟɞɨɜɢɬɵɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ.
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɢ
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɜ 2012 ɝ. ɞɨ 350 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɜ 2040 ɝ.;
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɫ 3,5 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɜ 2012 ɝ. ɞɨ 100
ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɜ 2040 ɝ., ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 450 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɜɨɞɵ;
ɜ Ʉɨɫɬɚɧɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ⱥɤɦɨɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ;
- ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɢɧɫɤɨɣ Ɍɗɐ ɧɚ 100 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɟɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ 720 Ɇȼɬ;
ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ
ɜ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ (ɂɢɡɜ), ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɪɚɫɱɺɬɟ ɂɢɡɜ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɫɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ (ɉȾɄ), ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ (Ʉ1 ɢ Ʉ2).
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɂɢɡɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ
(ȽɈɋɌ «ȼɨɞɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ» 2874-82, Ɉz DST 959:2000 «ȼɨɞɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ», ɋɚɧɉɢɧ 4630-88,
ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɫ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ 25-30 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3;
18
4,25
4,85
4,61
4,26
3,75
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ (ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ), ɱɬɨ
- ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ: Ɉɪɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɢ Ȼɨɫɲɚɤɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ȽɈɄɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ
3,81
4,07
4,19
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɇɂɂɂȼɉ ɩɪɢ ɌɂɂɆ. ɉɪɢ
- ɜɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ
ɧɨɜɵɯ
3,53
3,65
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ
- ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ 173
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
3,22
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ:
-
ȼɟɥɢɱɢ
ɧɚ
ɂɢɡɜ
2,49
2,67
3,18
ɧɟ
ɋɚɧɉɢɧ Ɋɭɡ ʋ0067-96): ɂɢɡɜ = 0 – 1 - ɜɨɞɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ, 1,1 – 3 – ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ,
3,1 – 5 - ɩɥɨɯɚɹ, 5,1–10- ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 – ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ.
463
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.- Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ
Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ
ɉȾɄ ɩɨ /ȽɈɋɌ-2874-82/«ȼɨɞɚ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ», Ɉz DST 959:2000 «ȼɨɞɚ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ», ɋɚɧ ɉɢɇ Ɋɭɡ ʋ0067-96/
ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ
ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ/,
ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ
ɉȾɄ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɇɂȽɆɂ
2-3 ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɟ
ɉȾɄ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɧɢɡɤɢɦ
ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (IV ɢ III)
5-6 ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ
ɉȾɄ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ IV ɢ III
ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɥɢ
1-2
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɉȾɄ
ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ I -II ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɹɫɨɜ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 200 ɦɥɧ.ɦ3.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɚ, ɬɨ ɜ
ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɇɂɂɂȼɉ ɩɪɢ ɌɂɂɆ
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
- ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɝɨɪɨɞɟ
Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ
ɢ
ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɤ
ɧɟɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
3
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ 2040 ɝɨɞɭ ɭɩɚɞɟɬ ɞɨ 0,84 ɬɵɫ. ɦ /ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɜɞɜɨɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ.
ɏɨɪɨɲɟɟ
Ȼɥɢɡɤɚ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɤ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ, ɞɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 2050 ɝɨɞɚ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɤ
2020 ɝɨɞɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ 0,86 ɤɦ3, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ.
ɋ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ
ɞɨ
1,0
ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ 1482,0 ɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɍɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟ
ɥɶɧɨɟ
ɋɥɚɛɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɵɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɫɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɉɥɨɯɨɟ
Ɂɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʉ. ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ 2,2 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ 30%. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ
ɬɪɚɫɫɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʉ. ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɟɳɟ 1,0 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɭ ɢ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ, ɚ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɟ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ
ɉȾɄ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ I-II ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ (ɂɢɡɜ) ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦ
ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ (ɬɚɛɥ.4).
ɪɟɤɚ ȿɫɢɥ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɧɟɟ
ɩɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɛɭɪɧɵɦ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ
ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ Ⱥɤɦɨɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ.
Ɇɟɠɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɚ ɢɡ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɪɬɢɫ ɜ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɫɢɥ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ «Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ». ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ʉɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɨɡ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ
462
19
ɋɨɜɟɬɚ Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ
ɝɞɟ Ʉ1- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɉȾɄ; ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 0,5 (ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚ) ɞɨ 1,6 ( ɞɥɹ 12 ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ),
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ 3 ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
Ʉ2- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ
«ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ», «ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ» ɢ «ɘɠɧɵɣ».
ɉȾɄ. ɂɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 1,0 ɞɨ 1,5 ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ 50
3
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
3
ɦ /ɫ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɦɟɠɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ 1 ɤɦ , ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
463 ɤɦ. ɇɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ, ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɚɧɬɢ-ɪɟɤɚ ɋɟɥɟɬɵ,
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɫ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ (ɂ ɢɡɜ)
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ:
ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 100 ɦ. Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɋɨɮɢɟɜɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ 760 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ 28
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɂ ɢɡɜ________________________Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ
ɤɦ ɨɬ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɡɨɧɭ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ 7
0 -1_________________________________ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 5 ɬɵɫ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ
1,1 -3__________________________ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɨɪɨɝɢ,
ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
3,1 -5__________________________________ɩɥɨɯɚɹ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ: ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ,
5,1-10_________________________________ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ
ɫɨɩɪɹɝɚɸɳɢɟ, ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɵ, ɞɸɤɟɪɵ, ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɨɞ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ, ɚɤɜɟɞɭɤɢ, ɦɨɫɬɵ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 10________________________ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ
ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ
ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɒɢɞɟɪɬɵ ɞɨ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɫɢɥ
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ
ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ 353,7 ɤɦ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 50
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɧɟ ɞɜɟ-ɬɪɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ (ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
3
ɦ /ɫ.
ɉɨ
ɬɪɚɫɫɟ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
3
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɍɡɝɥɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ), ɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɹɬɶ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ - ɂɢɡɜ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɢ
Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ - 3,24.
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. Ƚɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 140 ɦ, ɧɚ
ɡɚ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɢɟ
ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ
ɫɬɨɤɭ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɩɨ
ɋɨɮɢɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ⱥɤɠɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 ɤɦ ,
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 90 ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ:
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ
3
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɞɨ 160 ɦ /ɫ ɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɚ) ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ; ɛ) ɫɥɚɛɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ; ɜ) ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ ɢ ɝ) ɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ (ɬɚɛɥ.3).
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɤɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɪɤɚɥɵɤ - ɀɟɡɤɚɡɝɚɧ –
ɋɚɪɵɫɭ - ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ Ȼɚɥɯɚɲ.
20
461
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
2.-
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɘɠɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ
(ɂɁȼ),
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɍɡɝɥɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ʋ19 ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʉ. ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦɭ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɦɭ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɦ 1 ɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ 33,2 ɦ. Ɍɪɚɫɫɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɫɢɥ. ɇɚ 2-ɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 38 ɤɦ ɬɪɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɭɧɧɟɥɟ. ɇɚ
ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ 0,3
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 0,3 ɞɨ 1
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 1 ɞɨ 2
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 2 ɩɨ 4
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 4 ɞɨ 6
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 6 ɞɨ 10
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 10
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ
Ʉɥɚɫɫ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ
ɑɢɫɬɚɹ
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ
Ƚɪɹɡɧɚɹ
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɝɪɹɡɧɚɹ
ɑɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɝɪɹɡɧɚɹ
Ⱥɫɬɚɧɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞ
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ 50 ɦ /ɫ, ɞɚɥɟɟ ɞɨ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ - 25
ɦ3/ɫ. ɋɛɪɨɫ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ. ɑɚɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɡɚɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ, ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɟɤɚ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 6. Ⱦɜɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ:
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɢ ȻɉɄ5 ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ.
ɑɟɬɵɪɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɋ/ɉȾɄ, ɨɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ (ɋ - ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɉȾɄ- ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ
-ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɂɁȼ, ɟɝɨ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ: ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ - ɂɢɡɜ (ɑɟɦɛɚɪɢɫɨɜ, Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ, 1995) [5].
ȿɫɢɥ,
ɭɥɭɱɲɚɹ
ɟɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɭ
Ⱥɫɬɚɧɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ,
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɢɦ.
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
Ʉ.
ɤɚɧɚɥ
ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ,
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɫ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɡɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ
ɜɨɞɭ
ɢɡ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɜ
ɟɝɨ
ɢ
ɲɢɪɢɧɵ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɭ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ «Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ» ɫ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɜ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ 85 - 90 ɦ3/ɫ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɫɫ, ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɢɡ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɹɜɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɧɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɭ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɢ ɪɟɤɚ ȿɫɢɥ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɞɨ 1,0 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ȿɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɉȾɄ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
* Ʉ1 * Ʉ 2
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɞɨ
3
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɂɁȼ ɍɡɝɥɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɂ ɢɡɜ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ
ɩɨ
ɞɜɭɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦ:
«ɘɠɧɨɦɭ»
ɢ
«ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ». Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
(1)
ȼ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ 2050 ɝɨɞɚ, ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɵ, ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨ
ɜɫɟɦ ɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ 12-13 ɤɦ3 (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɭ ɨɡ.
Ȼɚɥɯɚɲ ɞɨ 5 ɤɦ3, ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɭ ɪɟɤɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ ɞɨ 4 ɤɦ3 ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ). ɉɨɤɪɵɬɶ
460
21
ɷɬɨɬ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɜ ɪɟɤɭ ɂɪɬɵɲ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
13
14
ɇɢɬɪɚɬɵ ( NO3)
ɏɪɨɦ
15
16
17
18
19
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɤ Ɉɛɢ ɢ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɭ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɬ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɦɝ/ɥ
9,1
0,001
3
3
ɲɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ
Ƚɚɦɦɚ
ȽɏɐȽ ɦɤɝ/ɥ
0,01
1
(ɥɢɧɞɚɧ)
ɇɚɬɪɢɣ
Ʉɚɥɶɰɢɣ
Ɇɚɝɧɢɣ
Ʉɚɥɢɣ
120
180
40
50
2
4
3
3
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ «Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ» ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ
Ʉɥɚɫɫɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɋɚɧɉɢɇ 4630-88: 1 ɤɥɚɫɫ-ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ 250-300 ɦ3/ɫ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɬɨɤ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɨ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ «Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ - ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ» ɢ «Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ - Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ Ȼɚɥɯɚɲ».
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ; 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ- ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ; 3 ɤɥɚɫɫ - ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɢ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫ – ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ.
Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ - ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɢɡɜ. ɐɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ
ȼɫɟ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ «Ʉɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɨɡ» ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɧɚ
ɧɟɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɟ ɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɂɁȼ. ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɂɢɡɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɫɬɚɧɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɟɦɶɟɪ-ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɨɬ 27.11.2013 ɝ., ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡɭɱɢɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.
ɜɨɞɵ
ɝɨɞɚɦ,
ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ
ɢ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
1. Ɇɟɞɟɭ Ⱥ.Ɋ. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.2.
Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2012.- 94ɫ.
22
ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
(ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/ Ɇɟɞɟɭ Ⱥ.Ɋ., Ɇɚɥɶɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ɇ., Ɍɨɥɟɭɛɚɟɜɚ Ʌ.ɋ.-
ɩɨ
459
– ɂɁȼ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞ, ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɉȾɄ) ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɭ (ɬɚɛɥ.1).
ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɉȾɄ ɢ
ɬ.ɞ.[1-6].
ɍȾɄ 631.6
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
Ƚ.ɏ. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼ.Ƚ. Ƚɭɫɶɤɨɜ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.- ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ - ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (ɉȾɄ) (ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌɭ 2874-82
"ȼɨɞɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ", Ɉz DST 959:2000 «ȼɨɞɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ», ɋɚɧɉɢɇ 4630-88, ɋɚɧɉɢɇ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ –
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ (ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ) ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ
ɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ (ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ), ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ) ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ.
Ɋɍɡ ʋ0067-96)
ʋ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ
ɉȾɄ
Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ʋ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
I. Ɉɛɳɟɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ
1
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɦɝ/ɥ
1000
–
2
ȻɉɄ5
ɦɝɈ2/ɥ
Ɇɟɧɶɲɟ 3
–
3
ɐɢɧɤ
ɦɤɝ/ɥ
0,01
3
II.Ɉɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ
4
ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ
ɦɝ/ɥ
500
4
5
ɏɥɨɪɢɞɵ
ɦɝ/ɥ
350
4
6
Ɏɟɧɨɥɵ
ɦɝ/ɥ
0,001
4
7
ɇɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɦɝ/ɥ
0,05
4
8
Ⱥɥɶɮɚ
ȽɏɐȽ ɦɤɝ/ɥ
0,01
4
(ɝɟɤɫɚɯɥɨɪɚɧ)
9
Ɇɟɞɶ
ɦɤɝ/ɥ
0,001
3
III. ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ
10
ɋɉȺȼ(ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤ ɦɝ/ɥ
ɢɟ
11
12
0,1
3-4
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ
The article discusses and analyzes the spatial – temporal regularities of
variability of annual and hay(for the period of floods and low water) runoff from
private catchments of the rivers of the Moscow region and provides an assessment of
stationarity (nonstationarity), homogeneity(heterogeneity) of the natural process of
his long-term fluctuations.
ɇɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ,
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɚɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɚɹ, ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɚɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ,
ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɚ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɪɟɤ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ȼɏɋ) Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ȼȼɋ), ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ȼȽɌɋ), Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ
ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ)
Ⱥɡɨɬ
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɇɢɬɪɢɬɵ (NO2)
ɦɝ/ɥ
0,39
0,02
458
3
3
(ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ) ɞɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ
Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ (Ɇȼɋ) ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/1915 – 2010/2011 ɝɝ (n= 97 ɥɟɬ).
23
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ
ɢ
ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ
ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɍȾɄ 556.114
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ
ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɤ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ ɩɥɸɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ – ɝ.
ɋɬɚɪɢɰɚ ɢ ɝ. ɋɬɚɪɢɰɚ – ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ.
ɗ.ɂ ɑɟɦɛɚɪɢɫɨɜ., ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɫɬɨɤɚ ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɣ
Ɍ.ɘ. Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɌɂɂɆ,
ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪ. ȼɚɡɭɡɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ɂɭɛɰɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɢ ɪ. əɭɡɵ ɜ
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ,ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɪɦɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ.
ɫɬɨɤɚ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ
ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. ɂɫɬɪɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ, ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ (ɂɢɡɜ), ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ,
ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ, ɪ. Ɉɡɟɪɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ, ɪ.
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ɋɭɡɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ.
(ɇɂɂɂȼɉ) ɩɪɢ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ
ɢ
ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ
ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
Ⱦɨɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ȼȼɋ, ȼȽɌɋ ɢ Ɇȼɋ ɜ ȼɏɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 72, 13 ɢ 15%. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ
In this article the quality of river waters Syrdarya basin within the territory of
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ȼȼɋ, ȼȽɋ ɢ Ɇȼɋ ɜ ȼɏɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
Republic of Uzbekistan was appreciated on size of an integral index of contamination
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 70, 15 ɢ 15%. ɂ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɞɨɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ
of a water( Iiwc ), which calculations were conducted under the formula offered the
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 76, 10 ɢ 14 %. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ
laboratory of hydromeasure and metrology Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɚɹ
Melioration Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problem (TIIMRIIWP) of the
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɞɨɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ 70 ɞɨ 76 % (ɪɢɫ. 1).
Republic of Uzbekistan.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.2 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ
ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (Ɇȼɋ). Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
The study of the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of drainage
waters and condacted hydrochemical region was uzed the besin metod.
ɡɚ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɍȽɆɋ) ɩɪɢ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ
24
457
2. ȼɢɥɶɞɹɟɜ ȼ.Ɇ., Ʌɚɝɭɧɨɜ Ɉ.ɘ. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. //7-ɨɣ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫ «ȼɨɞɚ: ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ», Ɇ. 2006. ɋ. 910.
3. Ƚɭɪɜɢɱ ȼ.Ȼ., Ȼɟɥɨɤɨɧɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɪɸɤɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ., Ƚɥɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɇ.ɉ., Ȼɚɯɚɪɟɜ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɇ. 2002. ɋ.745-746.
4. Ʉɚɥɚɲɧɢɤɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʉɭɥɢɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɺɦɨɜ – ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. //7-ɨɣ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫ «ȼɨɞɚ: ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ», Ɇ. 2006. ɋ. 916-917.
ʦ̡̨̱̭̖̌̚̚
˔̡̨̱̭̖̚
(ʯ̶̨̡̨̱̭̖̍̏)(ʶ̨̡̨̬̥̦̭̖̌̌̏)
12%
1%
ˀ̡̨̱̣̘̭̖̍̏
ɋ. 751-752.
6. ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜ ɋ.Ɇ., ɒɚɧɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ., ɋɤɜɨɪɰɨɜɚ ɇ.ɋ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. //7-ɨɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫ «ȼɨɞɚ: ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ», Ɇ. 2006. ɋ. 948-949.
7. ɋɟɧɨɬɪɭɫɨɜɚ ɋ.ȼ., ɏɪɢɫɬɨɮɨɪɨɜɚ ɇ.Ʉ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ
ʦ̵̨̡̨̖̬̦̖̣̙̭̖̏
Ͳ ̐.ˁ̶̛̯̬̌̌
26%
ʰ̡̨̛̭̯̬̦̭̖
2%
̐.ˁ̶̛̯̬̌̌Ͳ
ʰ̡̨̡̨̦̭̖̏̌̽̏
37%
̍)
˔̡̨̱̭̖̚
ʦ̡̨̱̭̖̌̚̚
(ʯ̶̨̡̨̱̭̖̍̏) (ʶ̨̡̨̬̥̦̭̖̌̌̏)
1%
14%
ˀ̡̨̱̣̘̭̖̍̏
5%
ʽ̡̨̛̖̬̦̦̭̖̚
2%
ˀ̡̨̱̭̖̚
3%
ʺ̨̡̨̙̜̭̖̌
3%
ʰ̡̨̛̭̯̬̦̭̖
2%
ɜɨɞɨɣ. //7-ɨɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫ «ȼɨɞɚ: ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ», Ɇ.
2006. ɋ. 928-929.
9%
6%
ʽ̡̨̛̖̬̦̦̭̖̚
2%
ˀ̡̨̱̭̖̚
2%
ʺ̨̡̨̙̜̭̖̌
3%
5. Ʉɚɬɚɟɜɚ ɋ.ȿ., ɒɭɥɹɤ ɗ.ȼ, Ȼɪɵɥɶ ȼ.ɂ., ɑɚɛɚɧ ɇ.Ƚ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɋɥɚɜɭɬɢɱɚ. – Ɇ. 2000.
̌) ʦ̵̨̡̨̖̬̦̖̣̙̭̖̏
ʦ̵̨̡̨̖̬̦̖̣̙̭̖̏
9% ʦ̵̨̡̨̖̬̦̖̣̙̭̖̏
Ͳ ̐.ˁ̶̛̯̬̌̌
23%
̐.ˁ̶̛̯̬̌̌Ͳ
ʰ̡̨̡̨̦̭̖̏̌̽̏
38%
̏)
8. Ɍɚɥɚɟɜɚ ɘ.Ƚ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɇ. 2006. 23ɫ.
9. əɬɭɥɟɧɚ ɇ., Ⱦɪɢɧɝɟɥɟɧɟ ɇ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɟɫɬ ɤɭɩɚɧɢɹ ɜ Ʌɢɬɜɟ. //7-ɨɣ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫ «ȼɨɞɚ: ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ», Ɇ. 2006.
ɋ. 927-928.
ʦ̡̨̱̭̖̌̚̚ ˔̡̨̱̭̖̚
(ʯ̶̨̡̨̱̭̖̍̏)
(ʶ̨̡̨̬̥̦̭̖̌̌̏)
ˀ̡̨̱̣̘̭̖̍̏ 9%
1%
5%
ʽ̡̨̛̖̬̦̦̭̖̚
ʦ̵̨̡̨̖̬̦̖̣̙̭̖̏
10%
2%
ˀ̡̨̱̭̖̚
2%
ʺ̨̡̨̙̜̭̖̌
3%
ʰ̡̨̛̭̯̬̦̭̖
2%
ʦ̵̨̡̨̖̬̦̖̣̙̭̖̏
Ͳ ̐.ˁ̶̛̯̬̌̌
31%
̐.ˁ̶̛̯̬̌̌Ͳ
ʰ̡̨̡̨̦̭̖̏̌̽̏
35%
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɹɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ȼɏɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/1915 - 2010/2011 ɝɝ.:
ɚ) ɡɚ ɝɨɞ (III-II); ɛ) ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ (III-V); ɜ) ɜ ɦɟɠɟɧɶ (VI-II).
456
25
3,0
W, ̡̥3
y=Ͳ0,0002x+1,4894
R²=0,0004
̌)
2,5
ɧɚɫɥɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɪɢɫɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɪɟɤɚ
Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ,
2,0
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɥɹ
1,5
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ
1,0
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ
0,5
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ.
0,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɉȾɄ ɫ
110
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ
ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ
(Ʌɉȼ)
ɧɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
2,0
W, ̡̥3
y=Ͳ0,003x+1,0026
R²=0,1119
̍)
1,5
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
(ɆȾɇ)
ɦɟɬɚɥɥ-ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ
ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ.
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
1,0
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. ɉɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɺɦ
0,5
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɤɭɩɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ
0,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬ
ɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ.
2,0
W, ̡̥3
y=0,0028x+0,4868
R²=0,0792
̏)
1,5
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ
1,0
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ (ʋ 012-3/0283 ɨɬ
0,5
08.08. 2013ɝ.).
0,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110
ʦ̨̡̛̬̖̥̖̦̦̜̦̖̭̔
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ cɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/15 - 2010/11 ɝ.ɝ. (97 ɥɟɬ) : ɚ) ɡɚ ɝɨɞ (III-II); ɛ) ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ (III-V);
ɜ) ɜ ɦɟɠɟɧɶ (VI-II).
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ⱥɧɬɢɩɚɧɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɲɤɢɧɚ ȼ.ɋ., Ʉɨɬɥɹɪ ɇ.ɇ., Ɍɚɯɬɢɧɚ Ʉ.ɇ.
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɣ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ. // 7-ɨɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫ «ȼɨɞɚ: ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɦ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ – ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ», Ɇ. 2006. ɋ. 953-954.
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
26
455
ɠɟɥɟɡɚ 0,01 ɦɝ/ɥ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ 0,06 ɦɝ/ɥ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚ 0,02 ɦɝ/ɥ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ 12,5; 4,0; 6,0; 1,3 ɢ 2,5 ɪɚɡ ɧɢɠɟ ɉȾɄ,
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɋɩɢɪɦɟɧɚ [2, 3].
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ Ʌɉȼ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɢ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ
Ɍɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ:
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2).
n
rˆxi
¦ ( x x )(i i ) / [(n 1)Vˆ V ]
i
x
(1)
i
i 1
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (ɆȾɇ) ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ,
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɉȾɄ, ɦɝ/ɥ
ɉȾɄ ɩɨ Ʌɉȼ,
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɆȾɇ, ɦɝ/ɥ
ɋɜɢɧɟɰ
0,03
0,006
0,01
ɐɢɧɤ
1,0
0,50
0,04
Ɇɟɞɶ
1,0
0,20
0,05
ɀɟɥɟɡɨ
0,3
0,06
0,01
Ɇɚɪɝɚɧɟɰ
0,1
0,08
0,06
Ɇɨɥɢɛɞɟɧ
0,25
0,05
0,02
Ʉɨɛɚɥɶɬ
0,1
0,02
0,02
ɝɞɟ i – ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɪɹɞɚ; i - ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ I,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ i = n(n+1)/2; Vˆ x ɢ V i - ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ
ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ X ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ i.
Ɂɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
K Ⱦ | rˆxi | n 1 / (1 rˆ 2xi )
(2)
ȿɫɥɢ K Ⱦ t 3 , ɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ, ɢ ɨɧ ɡɧɚɱɢɦ.
Ɋɚɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɋɩɢɪɦɟɧɚ:
n
Uˆ 1 6¦ di 2 / (n 3 n)
(3)
i 1
ɝɞɟ di – ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɧɝɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɦɟɞɵ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ,
ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ
ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ n. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ , ɬɨ Û =0;
ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ Û =1. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ
ɪɢɫɤ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ
ɭ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɱɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ X U > 0, ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ X U 0 .
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɤɚ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ, ɚ ɟɺ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ,
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɞ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɢɫɤ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɺɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨ ɟɺ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɧɟ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚ
454
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɋɩɢɪɦɟɧɚ Û
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ X ɞɥɢɧɨɣ n. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɹɦɨɟ
ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
(ɨɬ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ), ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ X ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɧɝ 1. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ, ɬɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ
ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ
ɪɚɧɝɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɪɚɧɝɨɜ
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (3).
Ɂɚɬɟɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
27
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ t-ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ:
t ɪɚɫɱ | Uˆ |
n2
1 Uˆ 2
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ
Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ,
(4)
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɭɥɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ
ɋɜɢɧɟɰ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ tɪɚɫɱ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (4) ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɫ tɬɚɛɥ..
1,0
Ɇɟɞɶ
ɋɌɖɘȾɊȺɋɉɈȻɊ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ Į (ɤɚɤ
ȿɫɥɢ tɪɚɫɱ < tɬɚɛɥ, ɬɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ
*
0,3
*
Ɇɚɪɝɚɧɟɰ
0,1
*
Ɇɨɥɢɛɞɟɧ
0,25*
Ʉɨɛɚɥɶɬ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ.
*
0,33
ɀɟɥɟɡɨ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ|: 0,05; 0,01; 0,1) ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɤ = ɩ - 2.
ȻɉɄ5
0,03
ɐɢɧɤ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ tɬɚɛɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ
0,1
*
ɏɉɄ
Ⱥɡɨɬ
Ⱥɡɨɬ
Ⱥɡɨɬ
ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ
ɧɢɬɪɢɬɨɜ
ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ
*
0,01
0,03
0,04
*
1,0
0,05
0,44
0,01
0,3
*
0,06
0,1
*
0,02
0,15
*
*
0,1
0,1
0,03
*
0,03*
1,0
*
0,15
1,0
*
0,17
0,3
*
0,07
0,1
*
0,1*
0,24*
0,1
0,05
*
0,1*
̅ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɉȾɄ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢ tɪɚɫɱ > tɬɚɛɥ, ɬɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ (ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ).
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ
ɉɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɏɉɄ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ 3, ɰɢɧɤɚ ɜ 25, ɦɟɞɢ ɜ 20, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ 30, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ ɜ 1,7 ɢ
ɷɬɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤ Ɇȼɏɋ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚ ɜ 12,6 ɪɚɡ. Ʉɨɛɚɥɶɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɚ ( KȾ
ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚ.
1,43 < [3]). ɏɨɬɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ (ɪɟɤ ȼɚɡɭɡɚ,
əɭɡɚ, ɂɫɬɪɚ, Ɉɡɟɪɧɚ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ɇȼɋ) ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ KȾ
KȾ
3,54 > [3], KȾ
3,0 [3] , K Ⱦ
3,44 > [3],
3,88 > [3]). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ
ɉɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɉȾɄ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ
ȼ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɩɨ
ɨɯɪɚɧɟ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɋɩɢɪɦɟɧɚ ( Û ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɧɚ ɪɟɤɚɯ ɂɫɬɪɟ ɢ Ɉɡɟɪɧɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɹ ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ (ɋɚɧɉɢɇ Ɋɍɡ ʋ 0056-06,
ɪɚɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɜɨ
2006) ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ( rˆxi = 0,32), ɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ Ɇȼɋ – ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʌɉȼ) ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ
( rˆxi = - 0,35). ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɹ
ɧɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɋ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚ ɞɥɹ Ɇȼɋ ( KȾ
3,69 ! [3] ), ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 0,04 ɦɝ/ɥ, ɦɟɞɢ 0,05 ɦɝ/ɥ,
28
453
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɢ
ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɝɨɞɚ. Ʌɟɬɨɦ ɢ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ
ȻɉɄ ɢ ɏɉɄ.
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɺɦ
ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ
452
ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ
ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɉȾɄ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).
ɜɨɞɵ
ɚɡɨɬɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɨɬ
ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ
ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ʋ 2, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɹɫɶ ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɤ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ȻɉɄ ɢ ɏɉɄ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɩɨ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚɦ,
ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɹɜɢɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ 1 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ
ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚ,
ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ, ɦɟɞɢ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ, ɰɢɧɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ
ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ȺȽɆɄ
ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ-ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɺɦ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ȺȽɆɄ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɠɟɬ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɝɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ȻɉɄ, ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɞɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 0,33
ɦɝ/ɥ (ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɉȾɄ). Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ,
29
-0,019
Ɇȼɋ (ɪ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ)
0,316
0,323
0,257
-0,348
ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɟ
Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɟ
Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɟ
ɇɟɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ɇȼɋ
Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɟ
-0,150
0,278
ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ:
0,128
ȼȽɌɋ (ɪ.ȼɚɡɭɡɚ + ɪ.əɭɡɚ)
rxi
ȼȼɋ (ɪ.ȼɨɥɝɚ)
ɑɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
3,875
2,691
3,535
3,444
1,508
0,185
3,0
1,277
Kɞ • [3]
-0,513
0,006
-0,057
-0,174
-0,375
-0,335
0,029
-0,160
rxi
6,820
0,055
0,557
1,758
4,276
3,691
0,289
1,612
Kɞ • [3]
0,072
0,310
0,426
0,524
0,156
0,281
0,334
0,270
rxi
0,708
3,364
5,105
7,071
1,567
3,0
3,690
3,0
Kɞ • [3]
-0,297
0,248
0,317
0,315
-0,164
0,003
0,256
0,072
ȡ
3,170
2,579
3,439
3,409
1,638
0,028
2,672
0,706
tɧɚɛɥ
-0,568
0,006
-0,066
-0,148
-0,410
-0,375
0,046
-0,148
ȡ
8,167
0,062
0,646
1,475
4,804
4,251
0,448
1,476
tɧɚɛɥ
0,143
0,335
0,440
0,577
0,201
0,344
0,298
0,280
ȡ
1,422
3,675
5,325
8,433
2,039
3,808
3,190
2,962
tɧɚɛɥ
Ɋɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɋɩɢɪɦɟɧɚ
Ƚɨɞ: III- ɉɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ:
Ɇɟɠɟɧɶ
II
III-V
(ɜɫɟɝɨ): VI-II
0,163
Į=0,10
tɤɪ
Ɇȼɏɋ (ȼɫɟɝɨ)
0,143
1,428
-0,163
1,639
0,293
3,142
0,138
1,374
-0,151
1,503
0,308
3,313
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ȼȼɋ – ȼɟɪɯɧɟ –ȼɨɥɠɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ + ɛɨɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɬ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɞɨ ɝ. ɋɬɚɪɢɰɚ + ɛɨɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ. ɋɬɚɪɢɰɚ – ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɟɥ); ȼȽɌɋ – ȼɚɡɭɫɤɚɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ
ɤ ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ + ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤ əɭɡɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ); Ɇȼɋ – Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ + ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤ ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ + ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤ Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ + ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤ Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ + ɛɨɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɬ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ 4-ɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ Ɋɭɛɥɺɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ - ɧɟɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ɇȼɋ); Ɇȼɏɋ - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ȼȼɋ + ȼȽɌɋ + Ɇȼɋ).
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
ʋ
ɩ/ɩ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ
ɉɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ:
Ɇɟɠɟɧɶ
Ƚɨɞ: III-II
III-V
(ɜɫɟɝɨ): VI-II
(Ɇȼɏɋ) ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/15 - 2010/2011 ɝ.ɝ. (97 ɥɟɬ)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɋɭɡɵ ( K Ⱦ
ɞɥɹ
ɧɟɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ
Ɇȼɋ
( KȾ
6,82 ! [3] ).
4,28 ! [3] ) ɢ
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɹɞɚɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɩɨ
ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɤ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ
ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɫɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ. ȼ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɤ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɤɢ Ɋɭɡɵ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ Ɇȼɋ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ
ɋɩɢɪɦɟɧɚ. Ɉɛɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ, ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤ
Ɇȼɋ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 0,30 ɤɦ3/97 ɥɟɬ, ɬ.ɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚ 30%,
ɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɫɬɨɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ 0,30 ɤɦ3/97 ɥɟɬ, ɬ.ɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 50%.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
(1914/1915 – 2010/2011 ɝɝ. (n=97 ɥɟɬ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ 97ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɟɺ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ, ɫ ɬɨɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɟɠɟɧɶ,
ɤɚɤ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɫɩɚɞɚ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ - ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚ, ɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ - ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ - ɜɟɬɜɶ ɫɩɚɞɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ
ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ
ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɝɨɞ - 1977/1978 ɝ.
ɗɬɨ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɞɨ 1978 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɮɚɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤ.
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɟɠɟɧɧɟɝɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ
Ʉɚɪɚɯɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ, ɢ Ɍɚɲɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɥɵɤɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɞ Ⱥɥɦɚɥɵɤɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ.
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɢ
ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɺ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɐɜɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ, ɢɦɟɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɫ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɡɢɦɨɣ. ɇɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ
ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɡɢɦɨɣ.
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ȺȽɆɄ. Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɢ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɢ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɪɟɤɟ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 50-55% ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ (ɫɬɜɨɪ ʋ 1) ɢɯ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ȻɉɄ)
ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɏɉɄ).
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪɟɤɢ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ
(ɫɬɜɨɪ ʋ 2). ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ȻɉɄ ɢ ɏɉɄ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɜ 3,2-8,1 ɪɚɡ.
30
451
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɠɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ [3,4]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɵ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚ ɢ
ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢ [1,8,9].
ɫɩɚɞɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ ɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɟ
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɟɞɭɳɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɢɡ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ ɢ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ
ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ tɧɚɛɥ > tɤɪ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ Į = 0.01 (99% ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ-ɢɨɧɵ,
ɤɚɤ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ), ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɫɜɢɧɟɰ, ɰɢɧɤ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɟɰ, ɦɟɞɶ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ, ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧ, ɠɟɥɟɡɨ [5,6,7]. Ɋɟɤɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛ ɢɯ
Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɭ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ (ɫɦɟɧɨɣ ɬɢɩɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ1),
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɚ
Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ
ɫ/ɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɟ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ –
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ - ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ (ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ
Ⱥɥɦɚɥɵɤɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬ (ȺȽɆɄ).
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ) [1].
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɨɬ ɟɺ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ 97-ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɪɟɤ
ɋɬɜɨɪ ʋ1 ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɋɬɜɨɪ ʋ2 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ.
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ȺȽɆɄ, ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɢ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɝ. Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ.
ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɬɜɨɪ ʋ3 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɞɥɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɟɺ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɤɭ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ.
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ
Ɋɟɤɚ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ
Ⱥɧɝɪɟɧ,
Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ,
Ⱥɤɤɭɪɝɚɧ
ɢ
ɧɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ. Ɋɟɤɚ
Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ
450
ɜɨɞ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɋɚɪɬɚɦɝɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ,
Ɍɢɩɵ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ɩɨ ȼɚɧɝɟɧɝɟɣɦɭ): ɜɨ ɜɧɟɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɢ
ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ — ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ (W), ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ (ȿ), ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ (ɋ). ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɜ
ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ — ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɟ, ɬɪɟɬɢɣ —
ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɦ ɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ.
1
31
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɍȾɄ 614.777:579
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɨɜ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɦɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ (ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ - ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ)
ɂ.ɗ.Ɇɚɯɦɭɞɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɂ.Ⱥ.ɍɫɦɚɧɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚ
ɇȺɍɑɇɈ – ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ɂɊɊɂȽȺɐɂɂ
ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɥɢɫɶ
ɂ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆ,
ɡɢɦɧɢɟ ɨɬɬɟɩɟɥɢ, ɩɪɨɦɟɪɡɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɚɫɶ, ɚ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ɩɨɱɜɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ – ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ. Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ: ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɨɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ
ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɥɦɚɥɵɤɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ.
ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɦɟɬɟɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɢɨɧɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ Ƚ. ɏ. , Ɏɺɞɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ. // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ». - Ɇ.: ɂȼɉ
ɊȺɇ, 2000, ɫ. 53 - 57.
2. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɤɚ: ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ / ɫɨɫɬ. Ɇ.Ʌ. Ɋɟɩɨɜɚ; ɋɟɜ. (Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱ.) ɮɟɞɟɪ.
ɭɧ-ɬ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ. - Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ: ɂɉɐ ɋȺɎɍ, 2012.-48.
3. ɒɟɥɭɬɤɨ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ.-Ʌ.:
Ƚɢɞɪɨɢɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ,1991.-238 ɫ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɢ
Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ,
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ
Ɇɢɧɡɞɪɚɜɨɦ
ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ.
The summary: In article you can see research results of Akhangaran river’s
water quality. Feature of research is that Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine
located on the Akhangaran river basin. Authors worked out recommendations about
protection of reservoir from further contamination with poorly cleaned industrial
wastewaters. The recommendations were approve by the Ministry of Health of the
Republic of Uzbekistan.
ȼ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɞɥɹ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ,
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞ. ɂɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɰɟɥɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ [2].
ȼɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɢ
32
449
ɍȾɄ 504.062.2:911.6
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 2
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ȽɆȼɏɋ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
(ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɆɈȻȼɍ)
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɏɋ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ
ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ
ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɣ ȽɌɋ
ɉɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ
Ʌɇɋ
ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈȿ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂȿ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ
ɂ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȼɈȾɈɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ
ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺ ȻȺɋɋȿɃɇȺ ɊȿɄɂ ɒɍ
ȼɢɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ȼɏɋ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ʉɨɡɵɤɟɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɍ., ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ., ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
əɭɡɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ
ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɣ ȽɌɋ
Ʌɇɋ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ȼɏɋ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ⱥɞɢɥɶɛɟɤɬɟɝɢ Ƚ.Ⱥ., ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɚɹ ȽɌɋ, ɪ. Ƚɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɝ. Ƚɚɝɚɪɢɧɟ
Ʌɇɋ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ⱦɚɭɥɟɬɛɚɣ ɋ.Ⱦ., ɞɨɤɬɚɪɚɧɬ PhD
ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɚɹ ȽɌɋ, ɪ. ȼɚɡɭɡɚ ɜ ɩ. Ⱦɭɝɢɧɨ
Ʌɇɋ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɌȺɊȺɁɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ɂɆ. Ɇ.ɏ.ȾɍɅȺɌɂ,
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ, Ʌɇɋ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɝ. Ɍɚɪɚɡ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɨ. ɋɟɧɟɠɫɤɨɟ – ɝ. ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨɪɫɤ
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ȿȼɊȺɁɂɃɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ɂɆ. Ʌ.ɇ. ȽɍɆɂɅȿȼȺ,
Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
ɞ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɞɨɜɨ
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɟɥ
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɞ.ɏɥɟɩɟɧɶ
ɂɤɲɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ – ɩɥɨɬɢɧɚ
ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
ɩɥɨɬɢɧɚ
ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
ɝ. Ⱦɭɛɧɚ
Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
ɞ. ɋɨɥɨɞɨɜɨ
ɎȽȼɍ «ɐɟɧɬɪɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɨɞɯɨɡ»,
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɎȽȼɍ «ɐɟɧɬɪɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɨɞɯɨɡ»,
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ (ɆɨɫɐȽɆɋ),
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɎȽȼɍ «ɐɟɧɬɪɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɨɞɯɨɡ»,
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ȽɎɍɉ «ɐɟɧɬɪɜɨɞɯɨɡ»
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
ɞ. ɇ. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɨ
ɍɱɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ – ɩɥɨɬɢɧɚ
ɉɹɥɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ – ɩɥɨɬɢɧɚ
ɉɟɫɬɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ –
ɩɥɨɬɢɧɚ
Ʉɚɧɚɥ ɢɦ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ –
ɧɢɠɟ ɏɢɦɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ
ɎȽȼɍ «ɐɟɧɬɪɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɨɞɯɨɡ»,
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɎȽȼɍ «ɐɟɧɬɪɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɨɞɯɨɡ»,
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɎȽȼɍ «ɐɟɧɬɪɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɨɞɯɨɡ»,
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɎȽȼɍ «ɐɟɧɬɪɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɨɞɯɨɡ»,
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɝ. Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɞɚɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ.
On the basis of research and information materials of
organizations in a river Shue
448
aquicultural
Ʉyrgyzstan basin Republics and Republics of
Kazakhstan the estimation of the modern state of water resources and functioning of
aquicultural complex is given for the estimation of the anthropogenic loading on
them.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ - ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɝɨɪɚɯ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ
ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɧɚ
ɪɚɜɧɢɧɟ
ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ [1-6].
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
33
ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɢ
ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
Ʉɚɪɬɚ - ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜ ɟɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 67.5 ɬɵɫ.
ɤɦ2, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ - 40,9 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ2 (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ,
Ɋɚɣɨɧ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
2
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɵɫ.ɤɦ
%
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ
ɤɦ2/ɱɟɥ
%
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ ɉɚɧɮɢɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ
4.861
3.36
41754
0.116
3.50
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ, ɀɚɣɵɥɫɤɢɣ
3.028
2.09
92645
0.033
7.77
ɑɭɣɫɤɚɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ
3.028
2.09
92645
0.033
7.77
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɋɨɤɭɥɭɤɫɤɢɣ
2.000
1.39
159231
0.012
13.35
Ⱥɥɚɦɭɞɭɧɫɤɢɣ
3.028
2.09
148032
0.020
12.42
ɂɫɫɵɤ-Ⱥɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ
3.028
2.09
132759
0.023
11.13
ɑɭɣ-Ɍɨɤɦɚɤɫɤɢɣ
1.592
1.10
47017
0.033
3.94
Ʉɟɦɟɧɫɤɢɣ
3.533
2.48
44118
0.080
3.71
24.098
16.69
758201
0.032
63.59
ɂɬɨɝɨ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ɋɵɫɤɭɥɨɜɚ
10.500
7.27
61700
0.170
5.20
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ,
Ɇɟɪɤɟɧɫɤɢɣ
7.100
4.91
74300
0.095
6.23
ɀɚɦɛɵɥɫɤɚ
ɒɭɫɤɢɣ
12.000
8.31
94457
0.127
7.92
ɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
Ʉɨɪɞɚɣɫɤɢɣ
8.973
6.21
128358
0.070
10.77
Ɇɨɣɵɧɤɭɦɫɤɢɣ
50.400
34.91
33400
1.509
2.80
ɋɚɪɵɫɭɫɤɢɣ
31.300
21.70
41761
0.749
3.49
ɂɬɨɝɨ
120.273
83.31
433976
0.277
36.41
ȼɫɟɝɨ
144.371
100
1192177
0.121
100
34
447
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɬ ɤɚɤ
ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ (ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɊɎ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ
ɡɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ).
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 4276 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɚ
ɩɪɢ 75% ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ - 3708 ɦɥɧ.ɦ3 ɢ 95% ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ - 3051 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3.
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 4.87 ɤɦ3, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ – 5.68 ɤɦ3 (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2).
Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 2011-2014 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ 28
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2- Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ, 82 ȽɌɋ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɟ.
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ɇɢɧɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ
ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ (ɤɦ3)
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ "Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ" ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ȽɌɋ.
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɟ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
«ɤɚɪɚɫɭ»
ɜɨɞɵ
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Ɇɢɧɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ
3.20
1.29
0.81
5.30
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
0.38
-
-
0.38
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ȼɫɟɝɨ
3.58
1.29
0.81
5.68
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɭ.
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ 225.61 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ2, ɢɡ ɧɢɯ
190.81 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ2 – ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜ
ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3 - ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ, ɬɵɫ. ɤɜ. ɤɦ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ
ɑɭɣɫɤɚɹ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɀɚɦɛɵɥɫɤɚɹ
ɘɠɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɚɹ
Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ
ȼɫɟɝɨ
446
35
ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜ %
34.8
15.42
164.56
72.94
7.5
3.3
18.75
8.34
225.61
100
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
Ȼɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɟ ȽɌɋ ɢɥɢ ȽɌɋ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɜ
ɛɚɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 90%), ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ.
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ȽɌɋ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɚɹ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ (ɂɍȼɊ), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɦ
ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ
ȽɌɋ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɢɡɤɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ [7]. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɂɍȼɊ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɠɢɡɧɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ȽɌɋ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ.
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ:
ɜɨɞɨɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɢ ɜɨɞ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ - ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨ-ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
[8-9],
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɉɨɞɦɨɫɤɨɜɶɹ» ɧɚ 2014-2018 ɝɨɞɵ (ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ) ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɧɚ 2 ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ ɜ Ɉɡɟɪɫɤɨɦ ɢ Ʉɚɲɢɪɫɤɨɦ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɸ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨ-ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ
ɢ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ «ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ (ɧɚ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 22 ɦɥɧ. ɪɭɛɥɟɣ).
ȼ 2015-2018 ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ 10 ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ
Ⱦɥɹ
ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɟ ȽɌɋ (ɜ 2014-2015 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɭɠɟ
ɉɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ 252 ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ).
ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɧɚɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Ɇɢɧɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ, ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ, ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ȽɌɋ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ [10].
ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ.
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɬɚɤ
ɢ
ɜ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ȼ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ
ɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɧɚ
Ɇɢɧɮɢɧɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ (ȼɏɍ). Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɨɟ ȽɌɋ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɬ ɜ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ Ɋɨɫɪɟɟɫɬɪɚ ɩɨ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ.
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ.
36
445
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɨ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
ɤɚɤ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 2000 ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ (ȽɌɋ) ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɦ
ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ȽɌɋ Ɇɢɧɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨ 2012 ɝɨɞ ɜ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɉɨɞɦɨɫɤɨɜɶɹ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1).
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ
ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ȽɌɋ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɍɚɤ ɜ 2003 ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ - 88 ȽɌɋ, ɜ 2004 ɝɨɞɭ - 94 ȽɌɋ, ɜ
2007 ɝɨɞɭ - 568 ȽɌɋ, ɜ 2008 ɝɨɞɭ - 172 ȽɌɋ, ɜ 2009 ɝɨɞɭ - 164 ȽɌɋ, ɜ 2011 ɝɨɞɭ 32 ȽɌɋ, ɜ 2012 ɝɨɞɭ - 85 ȽɌɋ (ɜɫɟɝɨ 1203 ȽɌɋ).
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ
ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ȽɌɋ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ȼɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɫɹ 1934
ȽɌɋ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ 820 ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɟ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɵ 2-3 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ (ɜɫɟɝɨ 15 ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɈȺɈ «Ɇɨɫɜɨɞɨɤɚɧɚɥ» (ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɚ) ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɵ ɎȽɍɉ «Ʉɚɧɚɥ
ɢɦ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ»
(ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ȽɌɋ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ - Ɋɨɫɬɟɯɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ ɢ Ɋɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ.
ȼ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ ɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬ 21.07.1997 ʋ 117-ɎɁ
«Ɉ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ» ɛɵɥɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ, ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɢ
ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ ȽɌɋ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɡɚ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɊɎ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɫɯɨɡɹɣɧɵɯ
ȽɌɋ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ.
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ:
Ɉɪɬɨ-Ɍɨɤɨɣɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ 470
ɦ³ ɢ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ 275 ɦ³/ɫ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ 120 ɬɵɫ.
ɝɚ;
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɑɭɣɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 40 ɤɦ, ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ 70 ɦ³/ɫ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ 88 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ;
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɑɭɣɫɤɢɣ Ʉɚɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 147 ɤɦ, ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ 55 ɦ³/ɫ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ 85 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ;
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɑɭɣɫɤɢɣ Ʉɚɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 97 ɤɦ, ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ 55ɦ³/ɫ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ 41 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ;
ɑɭɦɵɲɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɟɥ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ 665 ɦ³/ɫ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ 41 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ.
444
ɦɥɧ.
37
ɇɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɀɚɦɛɵɥɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ
Ɍɚɫɨɬɤɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɜɨɞɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 620 ɦɥɧ.
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɢ
ɞɥɹ
-ɡɚɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ;
ɩɨɥɢɜɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɒɭɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ɇɨɣɵɧɤɭɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ.
-ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭ 24;
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ
-ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɵ;
ɒɭ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ
-ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɩɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ;
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ
ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɫ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
- ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɛ
ɨɬ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ, ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ
ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ;
-ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ.
ȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ;
- ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 2.6 ɦɥɧ. ɝɚ, ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ -1.77 ɦɥɧ. ɝɚ. ɋɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ;
- ɞɚɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ [11].
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ;
ɡɚɢɥɟɧɢɹ
- ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.
ɇɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4- Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɭ ɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɭ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɢɯ
ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ (ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ)
ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɵ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ȼɏɋ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ
ɉɨ
ɞɨɥɢɧɟ
ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ
Ƚɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹɦ
ɪɟɤɢ
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
272
299
324
386
455
463
2000
443.7
2010
458
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɩɨ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ɋɨɫɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɢ Ɉɬɞɟɥɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨ-Ɉɤɫɤɨɝɨ
Ȼȼɍ
Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. (ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 2)
ȼ XX ɜɟɤɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ,
ɒɭ
ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɨ
259
294
319
378
450
437.5
367
422
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ
ɉɨ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɭ
195
219
240
301
348
353
345
360
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
38
443
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɚɡɨɬ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɧɵɣ, ɚɡɨɬ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɧɵɣ, ɚɡɨɬ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɣ, ɤɪɟɦɧɢɣ,
ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɨ
189
210
230
292
341
330
283
330
ɠɟɥɟɡɨ, ɮɨɫɮɚɬɵ, ɦɟɞɶ, ɰɢɧɤ, ɯɪɨɦ ɲɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ, ɯɪɨɦ ɨɛɳɢɣ, ɧɢɤɟɥɶ,
ɉɨ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɭ
77
80
84
85
107
110
98.7
98
ɫɜɢɧɟɰ, ɤɚɞɦɢɣ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɟɰ, ɮɟɧɨɥɵ, ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɋɉȺȼ,
ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɨ
70
72
78
81
102
104
84
92
ɮɬɨɪɢɞɵ).
5. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ȼ ɑɭɣɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ Ƚɍ «ȽȽɂ» Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ «ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
1355,6 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ - 314,5 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ».
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 52 ,8 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɑɭɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ - 51,2
6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɟɤɢ
ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ, ɜ Ʉɨɱɤɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ - 1,6ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ 64 ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ
ȼ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɀɚɦɛɵɥɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɨɬɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɪɟɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
3135.11 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ - 115 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ ɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ: ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ, ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ, ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɢ
ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 52,8 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ.
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 82 %), ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (11 %) ɢ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ-
(ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ), ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ (7 %).
ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɪɟɤ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ.
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 5.
7. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɛ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ 64 ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5 – Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ (ɦɥɧ. ɦ3)
ɬɨɝɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ (ɉɪɢɤɚɡ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ
ȼɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɊɎ ɨɬ 07.05.2008ɝ. ʋ111, ɮ.24).
ȼɫɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɭ
2955 3627 4510 5235 5424 5929 4470 3011 3401
8. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ
2120 2664 3336 4085 4159 4472 3447 2416 2748
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
835
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɇɨɪɦɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ
9. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ.
ɬɵɫ. ɦ3/ɝɚ, ɛɪɭɬɬɨ
962
1173 1149 1266 1457 1023 595
5,44 6,81 9,72 9,01 8,41 9,51 8,31 9,29 10,07
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɨɬɱɟɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ:
442
653
39
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 5 , ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɢɡ ɪɟɤɢ
ɒɭ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ,
3
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ 5.424 ɤɦ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ 80-ɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɥ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɢ ɜ 26% , ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ,
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɵɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ
ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɢ
ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɨɬ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ: Ȼɚɥɚɲɢɯɚ, Ʌɸɛɟɪɰɵ,
ɢ
Ɋɚɦɟɧɫɤɨɟ, ɇɨɝɢɧɫɤ, ɇɚɪɨ-Ɏɨɦɢɧɫɤ, ɉɨɞɨɥɶɫɤ, Ⱦɨɦɨɞɟɞɨɜɨ.
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ 2014
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ
ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:
ɦɟɠɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɚɯ ɑɨɧ-Ʉɟɦɢɧ ɢ ɋɭɭɫɚɦɵɪ ɫɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ ɨɤɚɣɦɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ
1. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
ɯɪɟɛɬɨɜ: ɂɥɟ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡ, Ʉɭɧɝɟɣ, Ɍɚɥɚɫɫɤɨɟ Ⱥɥɚ-Ɍɨɨ, ɋɭɭɫɚɦɵɪ ɢ Ⱦɠɭɦɝɚɥ, ɝɞɟ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 550 ɞɨ 4895 ɦ, ɚ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 450ɤɦ., ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɧɚ
ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ: Ȼɚɥɚɲɢɯɚ, Ʌɸɛɟɪɰɵ, Ɋɚɦɟɧɫɤɨɟ, ɇɨɝɢɧɫɤ,
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɵ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ( ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6).
ɇɚɪɨ-Ɏɨɦɢɧɫɤ, ɉɨɞɨɥɶɫɤ, Ⱦɨɦɨɞɟɞɨɜɨ.
2. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6 – Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ
3
ɨɬ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ: Ȼɚɥɚɲɢɯɚ, Ʌɸɛɟɪɰɵ, Ɋɚɦɟɧɫɤɨɟ,
ɇɨɝɢɧɫɤ, ɇɚɪɨ-Ɏɨɦɢɧɫɤ, ɉɨɞɨɥɶɫɤ, Ⱦɨɦɨɞɟɞɨɜɨ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ (ɦɥɧ. ɦ )
ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ (64 ɫɬɜɨɪɚ) ɧɚ
Ƚɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹɦ
ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɯ, ɜ
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɊȾ 52.18.595-96, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ
4240
4742
5336
5275
4505
4854
4673
5374
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
3. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɟɞɢɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ 64
ɫɬɨɤ
Ȼɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ 2305
2756
2931
3246
3471
3794
2861
2365
ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ (ɩɨ 3 ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ) ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɫ
ɇɢɡɨɜɶɹ ɒɭ
1935
1985
2405
2030
1033
1060
1813
3009
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
0.456 0.419 0.451 0.385 0.229 0218 0.388 0.560
ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ.
4. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ: ɪɇ, ɜɚɥɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɞɢ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɯɪɨɦɚ, ɧɢɤɟɥɹ, ɫɜɢɧɰɚ,
Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ,
ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ,
ɠɟɥɟɡɚ,
ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ,
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ,
ɋɉȺȼ,
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 35 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 11,9 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3/ɝɨɞ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ
ɤɚɞɦɢɹ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7).
40
(ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ, ɰɜɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ȻɉɄ5, ɏɉɄ, ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɯɥɨɪɢɞɵ, ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ, ɢɨɧɵ
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ, ɦɚɝɧɢɹ, ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɥɢɣ, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵ, ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ,
441
ȼ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ «Ɉ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ
ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ» ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɀɚɦɛɵɥɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɘɠɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɝɞɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 12.2-30.0% (ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨ-
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ), ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ – 9,3%. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɭ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɚɦ, ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɚɦ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɞ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɭɲɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ – ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ.
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɜɨɞ,
ɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ
ɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7- Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɟɬɹɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ƚɨɞɵ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɈȺɈ «Ƚɟɨɰɟɧɬɪ-Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ», ɜ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ
Ɂɚɛɨɪ
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢ
ɍɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ
Ⱦɨɥɹ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ
ɹ, ɱɟɥ.
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
3
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ,
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ 391 ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (ȼɁ) ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɢɟ, ɬɵɫ. ɦ ɧɚ
3
ɦɥɧ. ɦ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, %
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚ 36 ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ, ɧɨ ɧɚ 25 ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ 2012
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ 1940
2120
482000
4.398
50.0
ɝɨɞɭ. ɋɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (ɗȼɁ) ɜ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɟ
1950
2664
560673
4.751
56.2
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ.
1960
3336
639346
5.217
52.5
ɂɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ȼɁ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ: 10 ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɨ
1970
4085
718019
5.589
77.4
ɏɉɄ – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ ȼɨɣɦɟɝɚ; 14 ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ – ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ
1980
4159
754210
5.514
82.3
ȼɨɣɦɟɝɚ, ɇɟɪɫɤɚɹ; 15 ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɦ – ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ ȼɨɣɦɟɝɚ, ɇɟɪɫɤɚɹ, 39 ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
1990
4472
796692
5.513
82.1
ɥɟɝɤɨɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ (ɩɨ ȻɉɄ5) – ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
2000
3447
770811
4.472
73.7
ɉɚɯɪɚ, Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, ȼɨɣɦɟɝɚ, Ɇɟɞɜɟɧɤɚ, Ɂɚɤɡɚ; 166 ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɦ ɚɡɨɬɨɦ – ɜ
2010
2748
803230
3.421
51.1
1940
835
263177
3.173
20.1
ɧɢɬɪɢɬɧɵɦ ɚɡɨɬɨɦ – ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɚɯɪɚ, Ɂɚɤɡɚ, Ɇɟɞɜɟɧɤɚ, Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, Ɉɤɚ,
1950
962
273431
3.518
20.2
Ʌɨɩɚɫɧɹ.
ɪɟɤɚɯ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɚɯɪɚ,
Ɋɨɠɚɹ, Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, Ɉɤɚ, ȼɨɣɦɟɝɚ, ɇɚɪɚ; 144 ɫɥɭɱɚɹ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
1960
1173
295306
3.372
22.0
ɉɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɭ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
1970
1149
318930
3.603
21.8
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɭ ʋ 1209-ɗɄɈ ɨɬ 12.03.2014 ɝ.
1980
1266
344444
3.575
28.1
1990
1457
372000
3.317
30.0
2000
1023
366600
2.790
21.9
2010
653
390500
1.572
12.2
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚ
«ɗɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ». (ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1) ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ - ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɜ ɟɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ
440
41
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɟɤ ɒɭ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɨɬ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ - ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ, ɩɨɪɨɣ, ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ
ɞɪɭɝ
ɨɬ
ɞɪɭɝɚ
ɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɤ
ɍȾɄ 574
ȻȻɄ2 20.1
ISBN 978-5-88289-425-1
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ɂɬɨɝɢ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦ (ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɤɪɚɹɦ).
ȼɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ
ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ, ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ - ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɚ
ɫɟɛɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬ,
ɬɚɤ
ɧɨɫɢɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ «Ɉ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɞɥɹ
ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ». ɗɬɨ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ,
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ, ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ.
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ
ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ,
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ
ɫ
ɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ,
ɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8) [12].
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8- ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ (ɝ/ɥ)
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɨɜ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ – ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ,
Ƚɨɞɵ
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ʉɨɱɤɨɪɤɚ
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.288
ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
Ɇɢɥɹɮɚɧ
0.400
0.400
0.400
0.400
0.400
0.387
ɜ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɉɨɞɦɨɫɤɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ
Ɍɚɲɚɬɤɨɥɶ
0.478
0.589
0.600
0.610
0.615
0.613
Ⱥɦɚɧɝɟɥɶɞɵ
0.730
0.955
1.208
1.150
1.125
1.115
ɍɥɚɧɛɟɥɶ
1.058
1.154
1.545
1.575
1.580
1.600
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ (ɈɈɉɌ).
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵ, ɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ
ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ-ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
42
439
1. Ȼɶɸɤɟɧɟɧ Ⱦɠ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ / Ⱦɠ. Ȼɶɸɤɟɧɟɧ //
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. –1994. – ʋ6. – ɋ. 104 – 113.
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɚɰɢɹ / Ɉ. ɍɢɥɶɹɦɫɨɧ. – ɋɉɛ. : Ʌɟɧɢɡɞɚɬ, 1996. – 702 ɫ.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ,
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɢɡ ɜ 2.6 ɪɚɡɚ.
ɢ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ /Ⱦ. ɇɨɪɬ. – Ɇ. : Ɏɨɧɞ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫ
ɇɚɱɚɥɚ, 1997. – 180 ɫ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
3.
Ⱦ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
2. ɍɢɥɶɹɦɫɨɧ Ɉ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɦɚ. Ɏɢɪɦɵ, ɪɵɧɤɢ,
ɇɨɪɬ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
4. Oxley J. E. Institutional environment and the mechanism of governance: The
impact of intellectual property protection on the structure of interfirm alliances / J.
E.Oxley // Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. – 1999. – No.38. – P. 283
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ,
– 309.
5. Ɉɥɟɣɧɢɤ Ⱥ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ / Ⱥ. Ɉɥɟɣɧɢɤ. – Ɇ. : ɂɇɎɊȺɆ, 2002. – 416 ɫ.
ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɛɚɡɨɣ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ
6. əɪɟɦɟɧɤɨ Ɉ. Ʌ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ
ɜ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ / Ɉ. Ʌ. əɪɟɦɟɧɤɨ, Ɍ. ȼ. Ɋɨɡɢɬ // ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ ȾɨɧɇɌɍ. ɋɟɪɢɹ:
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ. – ȼɵɩ.37-1. – ɋ. 153 – 157.
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ
7.
ɋɭɱɚɫɧɿ
ɧɚɩɪɹɦɢ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɪɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ / ɡɚ ɧɚɭɤ. ɪɟɞ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɇȺȺɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɞ.ɟ.ɧ.,
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ɢ
ɩɨɞ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɩɪɨɮ. Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɏɜɟɫɢɤɚ, ɞ.ɝ.-ɦ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮ. ɋ.Ɉ. Ʌɢɡɭɧɚ. – Ʉ.: Ⱦɍ ȱȿɉɋɊ ɇȺɇ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, 2013. – 64 ɫ.
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ, ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
8. ȼɥɚɫɨɜ ȼ.ȱ. Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɨɞɧɿ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɢ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ // ȼ.ȱ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜ,
Ⱦ.ȼ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜ / ȼɿɫɧ. ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. – 2011. – ʋ10. – ɋ. 18-28.
9. ɀɢɜɚɹ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚ-2008. ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɞɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ: www.wwf.ru
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɪɟɤɢ
ɒɭ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
10. ɉɪɹɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ ȼ.Ƚ., ɉɚɟɜɫɤɚɹ ɇ.ɗ., əɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱦ.Ɇ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
1. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ (Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ.,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. 1993. Ɍ. 20,
Ⱥɞɢɥɶɛɟɤɬɟɝɢ Ƚ.Ⱥ., ɋɟɣɞɭɚɥɢɟɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ. – Ɍɚɪɚɡ, 2004.- 81 ɫ.
ʋ 5. ɋ. 626-631.
2. Ʉɢɪɟɣɱɟɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ
11. Ƚɨɥɹɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟ ɜɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ: ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ
ɫɬɚɧ ɬɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ [ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ]/ ɡɚ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.Ⱥ. ɏɨɪɽɜɚ. – Ʌɭɰɶɤ:
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʉɢɪɟɣɱɟɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ., Ʉɨɡɵɤɟɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɍ., Ⱦɚɭɥɟɬɛɚɣ ɋ.Ⱦ. //ȿɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ
ɍɱɟɧɵɯ (ȿɋɍ).- Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 2014.- ʋ8.-ɱɚɫɬɶ 5.- ɋ. 72-75.
Ɍɜɟɪɞɢɧɹ, 2009. – 592 ɫ.
438
43
3. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʉɢɪɟɣɱɟɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ.,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
Ʉɨɡɵɤɟɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɍ., Ⱦɚɭɥɟɬɛɚɣ ɋ.Ⱦ. // Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2014.- ʋ2.-
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋ.111-122.
ɟɟ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-
4 . ȼɚɝɚɩɨɜ Ɋ.ɂ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɤɢ ɒɭ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼɚɝɚɩɨɜ Ɋ.ɂ., ɉɨɩɨɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ., ȼɚɝɚɩɨɜɚ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɨɜ ɧɚ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɰɢɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ.
Ⱥ.Ɋ. – Ɍɚɪɚɡ: Ʉɚɡɇɂɂȼɏ, 1999. – 24 ɫ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
5. ɋɬɚɪɨɞɭɛɰɟɜ ȼ.Ɇ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ:
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɟɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɋɬɚɪɨɞɭɛɰɟɜ ȼ.Ɇ.- Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ: ɇɚɭɤɚ,1985.- 168 ɫ.
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ;
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ;
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɞ
ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣ
Ɋɚɞɨɣ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɫ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɞɵɬɨɠɢɜɚɹ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɢɯ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɢ
ɨɯɪɚɧɵ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɨɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ.
44
437
ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɸ
ɦɟɠɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɍȾɄ 551.491.5
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȾȺɇɇɕɏ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȺ ɉɈȾɁȿɆɇɕɏ ȼɈȾ
ȾɅə ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ȽȿɈɎɂɅɖɌɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ
ɉɊɂ ɈȻɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂɂ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɈȼ ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ɋɈɈɊɍɀȿɇɂɃ
ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɂ.Ɇ. Ʌɨɦɚɤɢɧ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ. Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ, ɲɬɪɚɮɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ:
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ,
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ
ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɝɟɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɛɥɨɤɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ
Abstract. In the justification of hydropower facilities to assess geological
[7, 9].
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɟɬ
filtration parameters is proposed to use a system of data monitoring studies. The
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ
structure of groundwater monitoring, which is the information base for exploring the
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
hydrogeological processes of environmental engineering. To solve predictive tasks
ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ
hydrogeological conditions of the developed block diagram using the database in the
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ,
groundwater monitoring system.
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɜ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ
ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ.
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɥɸɛɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ,
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
436
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ, ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɗɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
45
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɜ
ɢ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
Ȼɥɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɪɹɦɨɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ,
ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ -
Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
(9)
ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɡ
ɧɢɯ,
ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ,
ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
(16)
ɢ
Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɨɜ [1, 2, 4]:
x ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ,
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ,
ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɟ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ
ɩɚɪɬɢɢ (25)
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ;
x ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɫ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ
ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
(21)
Ɇɟɠɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ
ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
(148)
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ
(5)
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
(1)
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɲɤɨɥɵ
(5)
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɨɬɞɟɥɵ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (10)
Ȼɥɨɤ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ȼɥɨɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
(16 ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ)
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɡɵɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ ɢ
ɮɢɥɢɚɥɵ (8)
ɗɌɍ «ȼɨɞɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɦɧɚɥɚɞɤɚ» (1)
Ⱦɉ «ɍɤɪɜɨɞɫɟɪɜɢɫ»
(1)
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɰɢɢ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (3)
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ (3)
(ɢɡ ɧɢɯ: ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ
ɛɚɧɤɪɨɬɫɬɜɚ - 1, ɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ
ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ - 2)
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ;
x ɲɚɯɬɧɨɟ, ɤɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɟ, ɬɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ;
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ,
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɯ ɢɞɟɬ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ, ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
x ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɯ
ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ,
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ,
ɝɞɟ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ
ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ȼɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɋ.Ɏ. Ⱥɜɟɪɶɹɧɨɜɵɦ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɱɺɪɤɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɤ: Ƚɨɥɹɧ ȼ.Ⱥ.,
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ.
ɏɜɟɫɢɤ Ɇ.Ⱥ., əɰɵɤ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɏɥɨɛɢɫɬɨɜ ȿ.ȼ., Ɇɢɲɚɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ. [7, 11] ɛɵɥɢ
ɤɥɚɞɭɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɭ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ
46
435
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ
ȼ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ: Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
Ʉɨɥɨɦɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (Ⱥ. ȼɚɥɶɞɚ). Ⱦɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɞɪ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɚɛɢɧɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɢ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
ɧɟɞɪ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɩɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ȼɭɝɫɤɨɟ
ɘɝɨ-Ȼɭɝɫɤɨɟ
Ⱦɟɫɧɹɧɫɤɨɟ
Ⱦɧɟɩɪɨɜɫɤɨɟ
Ⱦɧɟɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɨ-ɉɪɭɬɫɤɨɟ
Ⱦɭɧɚɣɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
(ȻɍȼɊ)
ɉɪɢ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ,
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ȼ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ-ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɇ.ȼ.
ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɪɢɫɤɚɯ
ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɜ
ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ (ɈɎɊ) ɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 3).
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
434
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ. [2].
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪ
ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ, ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɪɮɹɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
ɫɪɟɞɢ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ,
(ɈɎɇ) ɡɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɟɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ
(ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ) ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɟɦ
ɛɥɢɠɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ,
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ, ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ: ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ
ɢɫɤɨɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦ
ɪɢɫɤɨɦ [3].
Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɈɎɊ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ
ɇ.ɇ.
ȼɟɪɢɝɢɧɚ,
ȼ.Ⱦ.
Ȼɚɛɭɲɤɢɧɚ,
ȼ.Ɇ.
ɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜɚ,
ȼ.Ⱥ.
Ʌ.ɋ. əɡɜɢɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ.
47
Ɇɢɪɨɧɟɧɤɨ,
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
«ȼɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɚ» ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɟɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɚɫɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ
ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɉɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ.
ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ (ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ) ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ ɢɥɢ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ «ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɥɟɞ» ɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɤɚɤ ɋɒȺ, Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ,
Ɇɚɥɚɣɡɢɹ, ɂɬɚɥɢɹ, Ɍɚɢɥɚɧɞ ɢ ɞɪ. (2100 – 2500 ɦ3 ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ
ɉɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ). Ɋɹɞ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɭɸ
«ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɚ» ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɋɒȺ ɧɚ 19%, Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ ɧɚ 35%, Ɇɚɥɚɣɡɢɢ ɧɚ 28%, ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɧɚ 51%, Ɍɚɢɥɚɧɞɟ ɧɚ
ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟ
8%
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ «ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɚ»
ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1575 ɦ3/ɱɟɥ/ɝɨɞ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ –
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
ɍɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɉɨɱɬɢ
60%
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɟɞɚ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬ
1385 ɦ3/ɱɟɥ/ɝɨɞ. Ɂɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ 6,7% ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɚ [9].
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ [5].
[8].
ɉɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɜ ɦɢɧɢɚɬɸɪɟ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɭ ɨɬ
ɡɨɧ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ɂɚɤɚɪɩɚɬɫɤɚɹ, ɂɜɚɧɨ-Ɏɪɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚ, ɑɟɪɧɨɜɢɰɤɚɹ
ɉɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɞɪ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɳɢɯ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) ɞɨ «ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɞɚ» (ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 ɬɵɫ. ɦ3) – 11 ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɟ,
ɸɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɟɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɨɧɟ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ [9]. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɝɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ
ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɏɄ.
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ.
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ,
ɇɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɜ
ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ
ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɝɟɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
48
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɢ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɮɟɪ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɧɢɦɢ;
ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ; ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
433
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
ɧɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ, ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɜ
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ
ɤ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
x ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ,
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɟ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɢ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞ, ɩɥɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ (ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɢ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ;
x ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ;
x ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ;
x ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ;
x ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚɯ ɢ
ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɜ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɚ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɭɠɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɝɨ «ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɟɞɚ» («carbon footprint») ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ «ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɥɟɞ» («water footprint»),
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ
ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ (ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ) ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɬɶ
ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ [2].
ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
x ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ,
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ;
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
x ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ;
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɤ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ [5]:
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ
ɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɡɚ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
432
49
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ» ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɋɨɰɢɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ «Ɂɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ» ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
(ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɟ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ)
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɢ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɤ 2020 ɝ.
Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧ
Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ,
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɢ
ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɩɨɪɧɚɹ
ɪɟɠɢɦɧɚɹ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɫɟɬɶ
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɨ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧ
«Ɉɛ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ Ɉɉɋ» ɢ
ɞɪ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
Ɋɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɛɚɡɵ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ,
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
«Ɉɛɥɨɠɤɢ»
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ,
ɲɬɪɚɮɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ («ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɥɟɞ»)
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ, ɉȾɄ
ɞɥɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɡɚ
ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɦ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɛɚɡ
ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ
«ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ», ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɥɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ:
Ɋɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɮɟɪ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ
x ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ;
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ
«ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ»
x ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɢ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ;
50
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɦ
ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ»
431
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
x ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ.
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɢ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ;
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ
x ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ;
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ Ⱦɠ. Ȼɶɸɤɟɧɟɧɚ, Ɇ. ȼɷɛɷɪɚ,
x ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɨɧ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
Ɍ. ȼɟɛɥɟɧɚ, Ɉ. ȼɢɥɶɹɦɫɨɧɚ, Ʌ. Ⱦɷɜɢɫɚ, Ɍ. ȿɝɝɟɪɬɫɨɧɚ, Ɋ. Ʉɨɭɡɚ, Ⱦ. ɇɨɪɬɚ,
ȼ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ
Ⱦɠ. Ɉɤɫɥɢ, Ⱥ. Ⱥɫɥɭɧɞɚ, ȼ. ȼɨɥɶɱɢɤɚ, Ɇ. Ⱦɟɪɹɛɢɧɨɣ, Ɋ. Ʉɚɩɟɥɸɲɧɢɤɨɜɚ,
ɋ. Ʉɢɪɞɢɧɨɣ, Ƚ. Ʉɥɟɣɧɟɪɚ, ə. Ʉɨɪɧɚɣ, ə. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɨɜɚ, ɘ. Ʌɚɬɨɜɚ, Ɋ. ɇɭɪɟɟɜɚ,
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ [5].
1.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɦ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɦ
Ⱥ. Ɉɥɟɣɧɢɤɚ, ȼ. ɉɨɥɬɟɪɨɜɢɱɚ, ȼ. Ɋɚɞɚɟɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɋɤɨɪɨɛɨɝɚɬɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ɍɚɦɛɨɜɰɟɜɚ,
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ.
Ⱥ Ⱥɦɨɲɚ, ɋ. Ⱥɪɯɢɟɪɟɟɜɚ, ɋ. ȼɚɪɧɚɥɢɹ, ɋ. ȼɚɬɚɦɚɧɸɤɚ, Ⱥ. Ƚɚɥɶɱɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ – ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɛɨɪɚ (ɞɟɛɢɬ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ), ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢ
Ⱥ. Ƚɪɢɰɟɧɤɚ, ȼ. Ⱦɟɦɟɧɬɶɟɜɚ, ȼ. Ʉɪɟɞɢɫɨɜɚ, Ɉ. əɪɟɦɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ. [1 – 6].
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɢ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ);
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɟɟ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
2.
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɜ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ».
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ – ɷɬɨ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
(ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ)
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɧɨɪɦ,
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ,
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ
3.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ.
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
–
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɢ
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ
ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ, ɝɞɟ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɭɸɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɦɟɪɡɥɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɨɣ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɮɟɪɟ.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨ-
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ
(ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦɢ
ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ).
4.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
(ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ (ȼɏɄ). Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȽɈɋɌɚ 2761-84 «ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣ, ɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ», ɋɚɧɉɢɇɚ 2.1.4.544-96 «Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɯ.
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ»
ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ [7].
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɤ
ɋɚɧɉɢɇɚ
2.1.4.559-96
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
430
ɜɨɞɚ.
Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ»). Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ –
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɵ.
«ɉɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ
51
5.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ.
ɍȾɄ 338.242:334:504.4.062.2(477)
ɉɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ «ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ».
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɋɭɞɭɤ ȿ. ɘ., ɤ.ɫ.-ɯ. ɧɚɭɤ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
(ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
6.
ɝ. Ɋɨɜɧɨ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ)
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ.
ɋɈȼȿɊɒȿɇɋɌȼɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɊȿȾɕ
Ɉɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ Ƚɨɫɫɚɧɷɩɢɞɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ ɍɄɊȺɂɇɕ
ɡɨɧɵ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ.
ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ»
ɢ
ɧɚɞɺɠɧɵɦɢ,
ɱɬɨ
ɜ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ
ɫɨɜɫɟɦ
ɬɚɤ.
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ.
ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ: ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ; ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
The theoretical and methodological, scientific and practical approaches of
ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɧɟɞɨɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
improving the institutional environment of water resources’ use are considered. The
(ɧɚɛɭɯɚɸɳɢɟ ɝɥɢɧɵ, ɞɪɟɧɚɠ); ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ
concept of the institutional environment of water management sector is defined. The
ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ [1].
basic ways of solving the sustainable development’ problems of water management in
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
the context of "green economy" are proposed
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ȼɨɞɚ – ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚɦ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɺ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-
Ɋɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɦɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ [4].
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
52
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
429
ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɵɜɨɞ
ɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ
ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɯɨɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ,
ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɟ ɩɨɱɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ [5].
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ȺɉɄ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɺɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɩɨɥɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ.
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ.
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɉɨɞ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɺɬ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ɏɐɉ:
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
"Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2012-2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ"
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
(ɭɬɜ. ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 19 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2012 ɝ. ʋ 350) – [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]/
ɩɭɬɺɦ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ [6, 7].
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ
http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70066354/
2. Ⱦɚɧɢɷɥɶ Ɋɟɧɨ
ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟɦ, ɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɦ
Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ – ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
MASSCOTE Ⱦɚɧɢɷɥɶ Ɋɟɧɨ, Ɍɶɟɪɪɢ Ɏɚɤɨɧ, Ɋɨɛɢɧɚ ȼɚɯɚɞɠ // Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ
ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɈɈɇ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.- Ɋɢɦ: 2011
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ
[ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / http://www.cawater-info.net/bk/improvement-irrigated-
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɝɟɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
agriculture/files/masscote_fao_63.pdf
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ,
3. Ɍɢɯɨɧɨɜɚ, ɂ.Ɉ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] /
ɂ.Ɉ. Ɍɢɯɨɧɨɜɚ, ɇ.ȿ. Ʉɪɭɱɢɧɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱦɟɫɹɬɨɜ.- Ɇ.: «Ɏɨɪɭɦ», 2012, -151 ɫ.
4. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ 117-ɎɁ ɨɬ 21 ɢɸɥɹ 1997 ɝ.
«Ɉ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ» – [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]/
http://www.pr-soft.ru/e-lib/Data1/7/7768/index.htm#i25347
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ,
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɵ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
5. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, Ɉ.ȿ. ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ: ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/ Ɉ.ȿ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, ɇ.ȼ.
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟ
Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ // ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, 2010, ʋ1, ɫ.21-27.
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ; ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ,
428
ɜɨɞ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ;
53
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ; ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɨɧ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ:
(1) ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ; (2) ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ; (3)
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɨɪ,
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ɀɚɛɢɧ ȼ.Ɏ., Ɇɚɧɭɤɶɹɧ Ⱦ.Ⱥ., Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɉ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɬ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ
ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ. – Ɇ.: ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɊȺɋɏɇ, 2011, ʋ3. ɋ. 5-8.
ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
1.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɞɥɹ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (SCADA) – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ,
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ. – ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ»,
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ,
2010, ʋ 3. ɋ. 80-87.
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ
2.
ɀɚɛɢɧ ȼ.Ɏ., Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɉ., Ʌɨɦɚɤɢɧ ɂ.Ɇ.
ɚɪɯɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɧɚ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ Ƚɂɋ-
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ
ɮɚɣɥɵ (ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ), ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɪɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. – ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ», 2013, ʋ2.
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɥɟɝɤɨ
ɋ. 65-71.
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
3.
ɀɚɛɢɧ ȼ.Ɏ., Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɉ., Ʌɨɦɚɤɢɧ ɂ.Ɇ.
ɀɚɛɢɧ ȼ.Ɏ., Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɉ., Ʌɨɦɚɤɢɧ ɂ.Ɇ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ - ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɉ, 2013. 208ɫ.
Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
4.
5.
Ɇɚɧɭɤɶɹɧ Ⱦ.Ⱥ., Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɉ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɉ, 2009. 307ɫ.
6.
ɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜ
ȼ.Ɇ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ,
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɚ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍ, 1965. 233ɫ.
7.
ɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜ ȼ. Ɇ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ /ɒɟɫɬɚɤɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ., ɇɟɜɟɱɟɪɹ ɂ.Ʉ., Ⱥɜɢɥɢɧɚ
ɂ.ȼ./. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍ, 2009. 192ɫ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ
54
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
427
ɪɚɫɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɤɚɤ
ɍȾɄ 631.671:631.43
ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ,
ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȺɇɌɊɈɉɈȽȿɇɇɈɃ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ ȽɂȾɊɈɅȺɇȾɒȺɎɌɇɈɃ
ɷɪɨɡɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɡɚɛɢɪɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȼ ɇɂɁɈȼɖəɏ ɊȿɄɂ ɋɕɊȾȺɊɖɂ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ
ɀ.ɋ. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɟɥɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ:
Ⱥ.Ɍ. Ʉɨɡɵɤɟɟɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɤ
x ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ;
ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɀ.ȿ. ȿɫɤɟɪɦɟɫɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬ PhD
x ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɵɛɨɥɨɜɫɬɜɚ;
x ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ;
ɌȺɊȺɁɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ɂɆ. Ɇ.ɏ.ȾɍɅȺɌɂ,
ɝ. Ɍɚɪɚɡ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
x ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ (ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɡɚɛɨɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ, ɞɪɟɧɚɠ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ- ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ. ɌɂɆɂɊəɁɈȼȺ», ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ);
x ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɜɢɞɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɟɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ - ɨɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɧɢɡɤɨɣ (4 ɛɚɥɥɚ) ɞɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ (8 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ).
ɉɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
On the basis of analysis of indexes of the economic use of territory of pool in
lower reaches of the river of Syr-darya the estimation of the anthropogenic loading is
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ:
x ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ (ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ);
conducted on the landscape system and four her groups of intensity are distinguished
x ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ: ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ / ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ,
- from subzero (4 points) to very high (8 points).
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.;
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
x ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ,
ɨɬ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ (ɨɛɴɟɦ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɳɢɯ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ) ɞɨ ɟɠɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɲɥɸɡɨɜ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɤ
ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɵɦ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɤɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ.
ɍɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɟɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ
ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɟɣ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ
426
55
ɬɹɝɨɬɟɸɬ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɚɪɟɚɥɵ
ɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɣ) ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɬɨ ɜɟɫɶ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɯ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨ-ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɡɚɫɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɇɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ [1].
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ - ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɣ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ
ɜɚɠɧɵ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɥɭɝ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ.
ɨɬ Ⱥɪɚɥɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɦɶ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ, ɬɨ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ,
Ʉɚɡɚɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ,
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ
Ɍɭɪɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɜɵɫɨɬɚ 50-200 ɦ). [2].
ɀɚɧɚɤɨɪɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ,
ɢ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ
ɟɫɬɶ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ
Ʉɚɪɦɚɤɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ,
ɀɚɥɚɝɚɲɫɤɢɣ, ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɢɣ, ɒɢɟɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɀɚɧɚɤɨɪɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1).
ɧɚ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
(ɍɈɈ),
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɱɟɬɤɨɟ
ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɨɞɨɭɱɟɬ (ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ),
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ:
x ɡɚɛɨɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ;
x ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ (ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ);
x ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ, ɞɪɟɧɵ ɢ
ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɧɟɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ;
x ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ;
x ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɞɪɟɧɚɠ, ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɞɪɟɧɚɠ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,
56
425
x ɫɪɟɞɧɟ- ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ɀɚɧɚɤɨɪɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬ ɫ ɒɢɟɥɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɦ, ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ - ɫ ɘɠɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ, ɚ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ - ɫ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ. Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ - 16,6 ɬɵɫ.
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɦ², ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 6,8 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɤɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ [4]. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. Ʌɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɚɹ, ɸɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ - ɩɟɫɱɚɧɚɹ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ, ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ, ɨɧɢ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɩɭɫɬɵɧɹ Ʉɵɡɵɥɤɭɦɵ. ȼ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɶɹ ɢ
ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɸɠɧɵɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɵ ɯɪɟɛɬɚ Ʉɚɪɚɬɚɭ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ - ɷɬɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ.
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɒɢɟɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ
Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 18.2 ɬɵɫ.
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɚɢɥɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ,
ɤɦ2. ɉɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɒɢɟɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ ɢ ɟɟ
ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɢ ɒɢɟɥɢɢ ɢ ɒɢɪɤɟɣɥɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ,
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ
ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ - 56.6 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ2. Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ
ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɨɬ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦɭ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɥɟɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ Ɍɟɥɟɤɨɥ, Ⱥɪɵɫ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.
ɫ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɵɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ, ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ.
ɀɚɥɚɝɚɲɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ - ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 23.6 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ2. Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ,
(ɉɗɈ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɞɥɹ
ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɟ ɯɨɥɦɵ ɢ ɛɭɝɨɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɭɝɚɣɧɵɟ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɵ. ȼ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɨɬ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɱɟɬɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɬɨɝɨ, ɝɞɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɢ Ʉɚɪɚɨɡɟɤ ɢ Ɇɚɞɟɧɢɟɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɥɟɧɵɟ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɡɟɪɚ Ȼɚɤɚɲ, ɀɵɧɝɵɥɞɵɤɨɥ, ɋɚɪɵɤɨɥ ɢ Ɇɚɣɤɨɥ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɂɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ, ɉɗɈ
ɨɱɟɧɶ ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɟ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ
Ʉɚɪɲɚɤɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɢ
ɞɚɟɬ
ɪɚɣɨɧ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ
ɜ
ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
2
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 29.2 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ . Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɉɗɈ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɟ ɯɨɥɦɵ ɢ ɛɭɝɨɪɵ. ȼ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɫ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ.
424
57
Ʉɚɡɚɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ȺɉɄ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 37 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ2. Ɂɟɦɥɹ Ʉɚɡɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ
ɐɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɩɟɫɱɚɧɚɹ, ɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɥɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɫɨɥɟɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ Ʉɨɤɲɟɤɨɥ, Ʉɨɬɚɧɤɨɥ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 56.6 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ2. Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ Ɍɭɪɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ 50-
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
100 ɦ. Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɬ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ
Ʉɚɦɵɫɛɚɫɵ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ
ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ȺɉɄ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɬɵ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɺɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ.
ɉɪɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɞɜɟ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ȺɉɄ
ɇɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɀɚɤɲɵɤɵɥɵɲ ɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ: ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ (ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ) ɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ)
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ. Ʉɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɟ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɧɚ
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ [3].
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ȺɉɄ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ (ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ: ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ,
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɨɛɴɺɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɵɫ.
ɉɨɞ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɦ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ:
ɞɨɥɥɚɪɚɯ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ 1 ɤɦ2) ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ,
x ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ (ɤɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɫɩɚɯɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ (%) ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ);
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɜ ɧɚ 1 ɤɦ2). Ɋɚɫɱɺɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɨɣ
x ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ.
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);
58
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
423
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ» [1].
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ - ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɬ.ɤ. ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ
ɛɚɥɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ. ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ
ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɜɨɫɶɦɢɛɚɥɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɲɤɚɥɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
(ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1), ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɂɫɚɱɟɧɤɨ [4].
(ɪɚɫɩɚɯɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ)
ɢ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɉɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɈɈɇ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢ
(ɎȺɈ),
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ
–
ɷɬɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1- ɒɤɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨ
ɫɬɩɟɧɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
(ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ), ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ (ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ, ɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɢ
ɧɚɝɭɡɤɢ, ɛɚɥɥ
ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ [2].
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ – ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɫɩɚɯɚɧ-
ɀɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞ-
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɨɦɵɲ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ, %
ɱɟɫɤɚɹ
2
ɱɟɥ/ɤɦ
ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɭɫɥ.
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ [3], ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɝɨɥ/ɤɦ2
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɬɵɫ. ɞɨɥ/ɤɦ2
ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1).
ɨɬɫɭɫɬɜɭɟɬ (1)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
<0.10
<0.35
<0.10
<0.10
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ (3)
0.20-1.00
0.36-3.50
0.20-1.00
0.20-1.00
ɉɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ (4)
1.10-5.00
3.60-35.0
1.10-5.00
1.10-2.00
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ (5)
5.10-10.0
36.0-105.0
5.10-15.0
2.1-3.0
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ (6)
10.1-25.0
106.0-140.0
15.1-40.0
3.1-6.0
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ (7)
25.1-50.0
141.0-170.0
40.1-60.0
6.1-10.0
>50.0
>170.0
>60.0
>10.0
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ (2)
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ (8)
422
59
ɉɪɹɦɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ
ɍȾɄ 504.4, 631.6
ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ.
ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ (ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ (water stress) ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
Ɍ.ȼ. ɇɚɭɦɨɜɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɎȽȻɇɍ «ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ɂ ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɐɂɂ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɄɈɋɌəɄɈȼȺ»,
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10 %, ɬɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ: ɩɪɢ 10-20 %
ȿ.ȼ. Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢ 20-40 % – ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ 40 %
ɎȽȻɇɍ «ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ [5].
ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ɂ ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɐɂɂ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɄɈɋɌəɄɈȼȺ»,
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ
ɂ.Ɏ. ɉɢɤɚɥɨɜɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2 [6].
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ. Ⱥ. ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ», ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 2, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɜɚɥɨɜɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɮɨɪɦɭɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɢ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
The article discusses modern tasks of monitoring of water objects of agro
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ [6]
industrial complex according to the needs of modernization in the operation of
Ⱥɞɦɢɧɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ,
ɇɚɫɟɥ-
ȼɚɥɨɜɚɹ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɀɢɜɨɬɧɨ-
ɬɵɫ.ɤɦ2
ɟɧɢɟ,
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ,
ɨɪɨɲɚɟ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ,
ɬɵɫ.ɱɟɥ
ɬɵɫ.
ɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
ɝɨɥɨɜ
ɞɨɥɥɨɪ
ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ
55.20
73.6
35087
0.2
179477
ɀɚɥɚɝɚɲɫɤɢɣ
22.90
36.4
10780
30.5
84090
ɀɚɧɚɤɨɪɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ
15.40
75.7
76227
29.3
252115
60
irrigation systems and implementation of complex environmental problems
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ
ɢɡ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
"Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2012-2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ",
ɩɥɚɧ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ȺɉɄ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢ
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ «ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
421
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ «ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ», Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ
37.60
112.1
40000
19.1
138756
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɤ 2040 ɝ. ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɧɚ
Ʉɚɪɦɚɤɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ
31.00
52.2
21913
21.4
80043
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɫ 1,4 ɞɨ 2,1 ɦɥɧ. ɝɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɢɣ
31.50
285.9
68818087
39.0
78507
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ.
ɒɢɟɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
32.40
77.0
112087
24.0
146866
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ, ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ «Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɊɄ ɧɚ 2014-2040ɝɝ», ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜ ɢ
(ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɭɪɡɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ( ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3).
Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3- Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ (ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ) ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ)
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ.
ɋɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ȺɉɄ –
Ⱥɞɦɢɧɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ɉɥɨɬ-
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɫ-
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ-
ɩɚɯɚɧ-
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨ-
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɧɚɫɟɥ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɬɜɚ, ɬɵɫ.
%
ɝɨɥɨɜ/ɤɦ2
ɱɟɥ/ɤɦ2
ɞɨɥɥɨɪ/ɤɦ2
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ
1.1333
0.6356
0.0035
3.251
ɧɢɡɤɚɹ
ɀɚɥɚɝɚɲɫɤɢɣ
1.5895
0.4707
0,1332
3.572
ɫɪɟɞɧɚɹ
ɀɚɧɚɤɨɪɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ
4.3156
4.9498
0.1903
15.371
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
Ʉɚɡɚɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ
2.3814
1.0638
0.0508
4.476
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
Ʉɚɪɦɚɤɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ
1.5838
0.7068
0.0690
2.582
ɫɪɟɞɧɚɹ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɢɣ
9.0792
2184.7012
0.1238
2.492
Ɉɱɟɧɶ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ȼɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɜ ɘ. ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ «ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɜ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ». - Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 2007ɝ.
2. ɇ. ɇɚɡɚɪɛɚɟɜ. Ʉɥɸɱɢ ɨɬ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ // Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ʋ 4839. — 2009. — 2 ɮɟɜɪ.
3.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɧɚ 2014-2040 ɝɨɞɵ/ ɆɈɋ ɢ ȼɊ. - Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ, 2013. - 72 ɫ.
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɒɢɟɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
420
2.3765
3.4595
61
0.0740
4.533
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3 ɩɨ
- Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚ 2014-2040 ɝɨɞɵ [3]. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɟɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
- ɨɬ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ (4 ɛɚɥɥɚ) ɞɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ (8 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ).
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 1800 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ, ɞɨ 2040 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 2500,0 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ; ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (4 ɛɚɥɥɚ) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɫ 9180 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ/ɝɟɤɬɚɪ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ
(ɦ3/ɝɚ) ɞɨ 7100 ɦ3/ɝɚ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
1.1333
2
ɱɟɥ./ɤɦ , ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ - 0.6356 ɬɵɫ.
ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).
ɞɨɥɥɚɪ/ɤɦ2. Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - ɉɥɚɧ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɢ 0.0035 % ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 3.251 ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ 2014 - 2040 ɝɨɞɵ, ɦɥɧ. ɬɟɧɝɟ
2
ʋ
/ɤɦ .
ɩ/ɩ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (5 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɣ
1.
ɪɚɣɨɧ, ɝɞɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1.5838 -1.5895 ɱɟɥ./ɤɦ2, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
1.1
2
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 0.4707 ɞɨ 0.7068 ɬɵɫ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪ/ɤɦ ,
1.2
1.3
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɢ - ɨɬ 0.0690 ɞɨ 0,1332 %, ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ - ɨɬ
2.582 ɞɨ 3.572 ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɜ/ɤɦ2.
3
4
4.1
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (7 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɀɚɧɚɤɨɪɝɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ, Ʉɚɡɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɒɢɟɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ
4.2
5
ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ
ɱɟɥ./ɤɦ2) ɢ
5.1
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ 1.0638 ɞɨ 4.9498 ɬɵɫ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪ/ɤɦ2, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
5.2
ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɢ
ɨɬ 0.0508
ɞɨ 0.1903 %, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ
ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ
6
7
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – ɨɬ 4.476 ɞɨ 15.371
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɜ/ɤɦ2.
8
9
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (8 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɚ. ɗɬɨ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ, ɝɞɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ - 9.0792 ɱɟɥ./ɤɦ2
Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
ɋɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɪɢɮɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
-Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ
- Ɇɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ
- Ɂɚɣɦɵ ɆȻɊɊ
- ɑɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ - 2184.7012 ɬɵɫ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪ/ɤɦ2, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɢ
62
1 830 780
2 ɷɬɚɩ
2020-2040
ɝɝ.
7 425 605
ȼɫɟɝɨ ɡɚ
2016-2040
ɝɝ.
9 256 385
394 116
1 075 473
1 469 589
14 151
229 965
300
445 173
14 451
675 138
150 000
1 772
372 209
630 000
869
1 032 105
780 000
2 641
1 404 314
906 105
1 248 714
126 000
155 600
728 327
834 207
798
34 682
35 480
105 082
19 813
693 645
1 150
798 727
20 963
866 170
2 700
4 497 360
10 710
5 363 530
13 410
68 120
79 611
147 731
1 184 963
47 181
32 253
566 382
4 388 860
257 000
7 261
2 772 485
5 573 823
304 181
39 514
3 338 867
1 ɷɬɚɩ 20162020 ɝɝ.
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɀɚɥɚɝɚɲɫɤɢɣ ɢ Ʉɚɪɦɚɤɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ, ɝɞɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 2.3814 ɞɨ 4.3156
Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
419
342 609
29 600
105 880
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ ɪɟɤ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
- 0.1238 % , ɜɵɫɨɤ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ - 2.492 ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ.
ɝɨɥɨɜ/ɤɦ2.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɜɟɠɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ 2012
ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ 2002 ɝɨɞɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 284,35 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 21389,5
3
3
ɦɥɧ.ɦ . Ɂɚɛɪɚɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ - 20256,8 ɦɥɧ. ɦ , ɢɡ
3
ɇɚ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɤɚɪɬɨɫɯɟɦɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2).
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ - 1132,7 ɦɥɧ. ɦ .
ȼɫɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ -
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ - ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ, ɬɨ
18402,9 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɢɡ ɧɢɯ: ɯɨɡɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ - 724,4 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3; ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ - 5240,5
ɟɫɬɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ
3
3
ɦɥɧ. ɦ ; ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ - 8692,9 ɦɥɧ. ɦ ; ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɦɚɧɧɨɟ - 146,6 ɦɥɧ.
3
3
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦɢ.
3
ɦ ; ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ - 202,9 ɦɥɧ. ɦ ; ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ - 98,4 ɦɥɧ. ɦ ;
ɩɪɭɞɨɜɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ - 269,8 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3; ɩɪɨɱɢɟ - 1766,9 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3.
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɤ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ,
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ:
- ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɊɄ ɧɚ 2013 2020 ɝɨɞɵ, «Ⱥɝɪɨɛɢɡɧɟɫ-2020», ɰɟɥɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ;
- Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ "ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ" (2013). ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ: ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ (ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɞɚ, ɡɟɦɥɹ ɢ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2- ɗɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ (ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ)
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ), ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ,
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ;
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
- ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «ɀɚɫɵɥ ɞɚɦɭ» ɧɚ 2010 – 2014 ɝɨɞɵ. ɐɟɥɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɡ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɤ,
ɦɢɪɚ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɦ [2];
418
63
ȼ
ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫɨ
ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫ
ɂɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɟɥɶ-
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɹɯ ɢ ɜ
ɯɨɡɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ (82%), ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (11%) ɢ ɠɢ-
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɥɢɳɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ (7%). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ) ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɞɵ.
ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɜɟɠɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɄȼɊ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ
Ɇɋɏ ɊɄ, ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ ɪɟɤ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ 2012 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 21389,5 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɜ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ 20256,8 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɢɡ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ 1132,7
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ.
ɦɥɧ. ɦ3.
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ ɪɟɤ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ 2012 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 2002
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ Ⱥɪɚɥɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ: ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ, ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/ Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ., Ʉɨɡɵɤɟɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɍ. - Ɍɚɪɚɡ, 2012.-318 ɫ.
ɝɨɞɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ - ɧɚ 23,6%, ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɧɚ 20,8% ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ 78,5%.
2. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ. Ʌɚɧɞɲɚɬɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ - ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɜɢɞɭ ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ-
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ (Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ-
Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ., ɍɦɢɪɡɚɤɨɜ ɋ.ɂ., Ⱥɯɦɟɬɨɜ ɇ.ɏ., ɋɟɣɞɭɚɥɢɟɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ., ɋɚɝɚɟɜ
ɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ,
Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɡɵɤɟɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɍ., Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜɚ Ʌ.ɀ.- Ɍɚɪɚɡ, 2002.- 102 ɫ.
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ, ɝɞɟ
3. Ɋɵɛɤɢɧɚ ɂ.Ⱦ., ɋɬɨɹɳɟɜɚ ɇ.ȼ., Ʉɭɪɟɩɢɧɚ ɇ.ɘ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ (ɧɚ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ Ɉɛɶ-ɂɪɬɵɲɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/ Ɋɵɛɤɢɧɚ ɂ.Ⱦ., ɋɬɨɹɳɟɜɚ ɇ.ȼ.,
Ʉɭɪɟɩɢɧɚ ɇ.ɘ. // ȼɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. – 2011. – ʋ 4. - ɋ. 42-52.
4. ɂɫɚɱɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/ ɂɫɚɱɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.Ƚ.
– ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ ɋɉɛȽɍ, 2001. – 8 ɫ.
ɫɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɛɨɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹ ɜ 25-30 ɪɚɡ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ. Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɛɚɫ-
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ: ɷɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɫɟɣɧɚɦ ɪɟɤ ɡɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ 1961,57 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/ Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-
ɱɢɫɥɟ: ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 2019,18 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟ-
Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ ȼ. ɂ., Ʌɨɫɟɜ Ʉ. ɋ. - Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2006. - 221 ɫ.
ɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ 57,61 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3.
5. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ ȼ. ɂ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɩɨ
6. ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ, ɥɟɫɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɵɛɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ (ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ)
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ].- Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ, 2010.- 238 ɫ.
ɮɨɪɦɟ
64
2Ɍɉ
(ɜɨɞɯɨɡ),
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ
417
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞ
ɢ
ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.
ɍȾɄ 574
«ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɃ ɄȺɉɂɌȺɅ» ɗɄɈɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȻȺɋɋȿɃɇȺ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵ-
ɊȿɄɂ ɌȺɅȺɋ
ɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɀ.ɋ. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɫ ɫɨɩɪɟ-
Ⱥ.Ɍ. Ʉɨɡɵɤɟɟɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ-
Ɇ.Ʉ. ȿɲɦɚɯɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ. ȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɍɭɪɫɵɧɛɚɟɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬ PhD
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɭɱɟɬ
ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ,
ɌȺɊȺɁɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ɂɆ. Ɇ.ɏ.ȾɍɅȺɌɂ, ɝ.
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ. Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɧɢɬɪɢɬɵ, ɮɬɨɪɢɞɵ, ɚɡɨɬ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɣ, ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ,
Ɍɚɪɚɡ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɌȺɊȺɁɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɉȿȾȺȽɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ,
ɮɟɧɨɥ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɝ. Ɍɚɪɚɡ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ, ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ
ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-
«Ʉɚɡɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ» ɢ «Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ» ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɧɢɹ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, «ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ» ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɧɨɪɦɭ ɉȾɄ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜ ɷɤɨ-
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɍɚɥɚɫ.
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚ-
On the basis of systematization and analysis of the systems of materials of
ɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ (ɝɟɩɚɬɢɬ, ɬɢɮ, ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟ-
«Ʉɚzgidromet » and «Ʉyrgyzgidromet» soil-productional potential, «natural capital»
ɜɚɧɢɹ). Ⱦɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
and natural ecological services of river pool, is certain Ɍɚlɚs.
ɜɫɟɦɟɪɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɫɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ. Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɧɟ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 0,3-0,5 ɝ/ɥ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ
Ɏɟɪɝɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 1,2-1,4 ɝ/ɥ, ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɒɚɪɞɚɪɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢ-
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ
ɥɢɳɚ - 1,4-1,6 ɝ/ɥ, ɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɡɚɥɢɧɫɤɚ - 1,6-2,0 ɝ/ɥ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ
ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ.
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ «ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ».
416
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
65
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ,
ȼ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɋ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɢɫɤ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɇɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɚɡɢ-
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ
ɚɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɫɭɜɟɪɟ-
ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ c ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ
ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɨɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɍɨɤɬɨɝɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɞɥɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 110 ɦɥɧ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ
ɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɟ ɩɨɱɜ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ
ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹ
ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɵ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ Ɍɨɤɬɨɝɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ
ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɞɥɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 800 ɦɥɧ.
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ.
ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ [1].
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɫ-
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ. ɉɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɝɢɞɪɨ-
ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ.
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ. ɋɚ-
ɐɟɥɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
–
ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɨɱɢɳɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɧɚ, ɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ.
ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ. ɉɪɹɦɨɟ ɜɥɢɹ-
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 52.7 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ², ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ
ɱɢɫɥɟ 11.43 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² (21,7%) ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ 41.27 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² - ɜ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ.
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ
ɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ «ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɚ». Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɨɜ,
ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ. ȼ
ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ: ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ - ɷɬɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.
66
415
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɟɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɮɨɪ-
(ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ) ɧɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ [1].
ɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ (Ʉɢɬɚɣ, Ʉɢɪɝɢɡɢɹ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ), ɩɨ-
ɗɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ «ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪɟɤ,
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɪ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɬɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɟɦɭ ɞɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ».
ɪɟɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ
ɫ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ
ɢ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɦ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ.
ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɫ
ɱɟɬɤɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ,
ɝɞɟ
ɜɟɞɭɳɭɸ
ȼ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ, ɨɧ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ ɪɟɤ ɩɪɢɱɢɬɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɟɦɭ ɞɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜ-
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɢ
ɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ:
ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ,
- ɧɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɣ (Ȼɂ) ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ «ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ» ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ - ɡɚɩɚɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɪɟɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ) ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɸ ɪɵɱɚɝɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ, ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ;
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ «ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ».
-
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
Ȼɂ
ɨɬɞɟɥɚ
ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɨ
ɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ -
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɦɟɠɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ;
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ
ȼ.ɂ.ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɨɧ
- ɪɚɡɜɚɥ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɟɣ ɞɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ 1980-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɝɟɨɫɮɟɪ: ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɧɚ ɨɡɟɪɚɯ, ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ
(ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ), ɝɢɞɪɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɜɨɞɵ), ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɡɟɦɥɢ) ɢ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɪɟɤ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ;
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
- ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ) ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ [2].
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ,
ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ «ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ …» ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ.
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ [2]:
(
Ʉ ɪ ˜ Ʉ ɩ ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨ-
Ʉɷ
ɜɢɹɯ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɪɢɞɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɦɚ-
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ,
ɤɚɤ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɨɦ. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ
414
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
- ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜɲɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ
67
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
(Ʉɪ
ɍ i / ɉɍ ,
ɝɞɟ
ɉɍ
R ˜ K ɷɧ / ɋ ; ɉɍ - ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ; ɋ - ɤɚɥɨɪɢɣɧɨɫɬɶ
ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧ-
K ɷɧ - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ - ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ,
R ˜K ɷɧ / ɋ ˜ R ; R - ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ «ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɢ»), ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɭɠɟ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ;
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ; ɍi
ɉɍ ˜Kɜ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (K ɷɧ
kɎȺɊ / 100 ;
kɎȺɊ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ) ɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ (K ɜ )
ɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ( Ʉ ɩ
Qi / Qn , ɝɞɟ Q i - ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ
ɩɨɱɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤȾɠ/ɫɦ2; Qi
R ˜ exp(D o ˜ R) ; D o - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ; Qn
R ˜ exp(0.9 ˜ D o ) ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ;
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ
-
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɜɨɞɵ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ (ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɫ ɟɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ) ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ
ɨɳɭɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɡɨɧɚɦ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɹɞɨɦ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ: ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ; ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɨɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɨɦɭ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɢ
S ( R ) ˜ ɉ ( R ) ˜ Ʉ ɜɝ ˜ Ʉ s ˜ K t ˜ K ɫ (ɝɞɟ K ɜɝ –
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɉɈɁ ( R )
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ;
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ.
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ-
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ; Ks - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ: ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɪɚɱɢɜɚ-
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ;
ɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ-
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
K t - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ; Kɫ - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ) ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɤ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
ɚɝɪɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ;
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
( ɉ ɛɷ
ɛɢɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
Ʉ ɛɷ ˜ Ʉ y ),
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
R ˜ K ɷɧ / Ȼɉ , ɝɞɟ
(
ɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ; ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɱɬɨ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɜɨɞɵ;
ɧɢɡɤɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ; ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
100,9 ɤɦ3, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɤɨɥɨ 44 ɤɦ3 ɛɟɪɭɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. Ʉɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɨɤɨɥɨ 43 ɤɦ3 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 37 ɤɦ3 - ɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ.
Ȼɉ - ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, 2500
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɤɤɚɥ/(ɦ ɝɨɞ); Kɷɧ - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ
ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɤ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɪɚɜɟɧ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
15 ɤɦ3, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 1,13 ɤɦ3 ɭɠɟ
Ʉ ɛɷ
2
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɪɚɜɟɧ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ( Ʉ y
0.005;)
Ɉc / E o ;
ɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Oc - ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ, ɦɦ; Eo -
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɢɫɩɚɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɦɦ).
68
413
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ «Ʉɚɡɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ» ɢ «Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ» ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ, ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɛɢɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ 1-4.
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪɟɤ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ, ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɪɵɛɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ.
Ɉɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɳɢɟ, ɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɇ,
Ɇɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
ɦ
R,
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
R
2
ɤȾɠ/ɫɦ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ, ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ.
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ȼ ɡɨɧɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ-
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ (ɰ/ɝɚ)
ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɬɨɪɚɦɢ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ; ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜ-
Ⱥɤɬɚɲ
2000
ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɫɹ
Ɍɚɥɚɫ
1220
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ.
ɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
Ʉɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ
ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ «ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ» ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ
412
156.3
1.31
93.78
52.06
84.4
97.7
164.2
3.00
98.52
40.0
102.6
32.09
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɀɭɚɥɵ
952
147.7
3.60
88.62
31.52
79.8
93.7
Ɍɚɪɚɡ
642
170.9
5.00
102.54
24.24
68.8
108.7
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɰɢɨ-
Qn
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ; ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ.
Qi
Ƚɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ; ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ; ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ; ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ-
ɍi
ɉɍ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤ-
ɩɨɱɜɵ (ɤȾɠ/ɫɦ2)
Ɋɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ȼɚɣɤɚɞɚɦ
336
180.8
9.10
127.10
13.97
2.7
113.0
ɋɨɡɚɤ
317
186.5
12.60
127.04
12.10
28.8
115.5
Ʉɚɦɤɚɥɵ-ɤɨɥ
207
219.2
11.0
131.73
11.97
1.3
137.0
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ 1-4, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɢɯ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɜɥɚɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
69
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 - ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɍȾɄ 626.810
ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ Ɍɚɥɚɫ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɈȾɇɕȿ ɊȿɋɍɊɋɕ: ɂɏ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ
ȼ ȼɈȾɈɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɆ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ
Ɇɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
ɇ,
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
R
ɦ
Kɜɝ
Ks
ɉɈɁ (R)
Ɋ.Ƚ. Ɇɢɪɫɚɢɬɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
Kɫ
Kt
Ɍ.ɋ. Ƚɪɢɱɚɧɚɹ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
Ƚɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ⱥɤɬɚɲ
2000
1.31
0.40
1.00
ɌɈɈ «ɄȺɁȺɏɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ
0.59
1.00
0.680
ȼɈȾɇɈȽɈ ɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȺ»
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ɍɚɥɚɫ
1220
3.00
0.49
1.00
0.56
ɝ. Ɍɚɪɚɡ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
1.00
0.654
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɀɭɚɥɵ
952
3.60
0.49
1.00
0.54
1.00
0.572
Ɍɚɪɚɡ
642
5.00
0.54
1.00
0.81
1.00
0.331
Ɋɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦ ɪɟɤ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ
Ȼɚɣɤɚɞɚɦ
336
9.10
0.50
0.65
0.88
0.80
0.110
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ,
ɧɟ
ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɋɨɡɚɤ
317
12.60
0.49
0.65
0.87
0.75
0.001
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
Ʉɚɦɤɚɥɵ-ɤɨɥ
207
11.0
0.49
0.50
0.93
0.75
0.003
ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3- ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɛɢɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ
Ɇɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
1
Abstract
ɇ,ɦ
2
R
3
R,
Oc ,
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
ɤȾɠ/ɫɦ2
ɦɦ
K ɛɷ
4
5
ɉ ɛɷ
Ky
2000
1.31
156.3
469
divisions of water management production, absence adequate information of the list
and forecasting of drain and diversion facilities on river basins, not interest of water
6
7
8
0.078
0.53
0.041
0.30
0.024
Ƚɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ⱥɤɬɚɲ
The low efficiency of use water resources caused by dissociation structural
consumers in rational water use and some other reasons demands essentially new
methods of preparation and adoption of administrative decisions in the field of use
and protection of water and land resources.
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ɍɚɥɚɫ
1220
3.00
164.2
327
0.082
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ,
70
411
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ (ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ); ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɀɭɚɥɵ
952
3.60
147.7
318
0.075
0.28
0.021
(ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ Ⱥɣɞɚɪ-Ⱥɪɧɚɫɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɨɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ).
ɑɨɤɩɚɤ
768
1.42
186.4
636
0.093
0.51
0.047
Ⱥɤɵɪɬɨɛɟ
643
2.42
176.2
355
0.088
0.30
0.026
Ɍɚɪɚɡ
642
5.00
170.9
287
0.087
0.20
0.017
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Ɋɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ȼɚɣɤɚɞɚɦ
336
9.10
180.8
155
0.090
0.11
0.010
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ (ɒɵɦɤɟɧɬɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ) ɩɪɨɟɤɬ
ɋɨɡɚɤ
317
12.60
186.5
185
0.092
0.09
0.008
«Rivertwin» («Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
Ʉɚɦɤɚɥɵ-ɤɨɥ
207
11.0
219.2
139
0.110
0.12
0.013
1.
ɘ.ɏ. Ɋɵɫɛɟɤɨɜ Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ») ɇɂɐ ɆɄȼɄ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4 - Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ⱥɡɢɢ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ.2015.5ɫ.
2.
ɢ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɟɤ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɹ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ.ɋɪɟɞɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɥɨɩɨɤ.1984,1987 ɝɝ.
Ɇɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
ɇ,ɦ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
R
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɱɜɵ
Ʉɪ
Kn
Ʉɷ
Ƚɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ⱥɤɬɚɲ
2000 1.31
0.56
0.86
0.48
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ɍɚɥɚɫ
1220 3.00
0.33
0.40
0.13
ɉɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
Ⱥɤɵɪɬɨɛɟ
643
2.42
0.41
0.52
0.21
Ɍɚɪɚɡ
642
5.00
0.24
0.63
0.15
Ɋɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
410
Ȼɚɣɤɚɞɚɦ
336
9.10
0.11
0.25
0.06
ɋɨɡɚɤ
317
12.60
0.25
0.25
0.08
Ʉɚɦɤɚɥɵ-ɤɨɥ
207
11.0
0.31
0.35
0.11
71
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɲɟ Ɉɛɛɭɪɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɬɭɧɧɟɥɹ, ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɪɚɮɲɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ (ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɍɭɪɤɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɯɪɟɛɟɬ ɜ ɍɪɚ-Ɍɸɛɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɞɨɥɢɧɭ (ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ).
ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɹ) ɱɟɪɟɡ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ «ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ» ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 300,0 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɑɢɦɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ.
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ,
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ,
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɪ. ɑɢɪɱɢɤ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɪɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ: Ɂɚɯ, ɏɚɧɵɦ ɢ
ɏɨɞɠɚɜɚɧ.
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ. ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ( ȿ s ), ɢɝɪɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ
ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ.
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
(ɥɟɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ ɪɟɤɢ - ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɣ
F ˜R,
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ) ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ
ɝɞɟ F - ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɤɦ2: R - ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ,
Ɍɚɞɠɢɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɤȾɠ/ɫɦ2.
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ – ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ, ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ Ƚ. Ɉɞɭɦɚ [3]: ȿs
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ( ȿɨɫ, ɤȾɠ/ɝɨɞ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ Ƚ.
Ɉɞɭɦɚ [3]: ȿoc
F ˜ Oc ˜ G , ɝɞɟ Oc - ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ (ɦ/ɝɨɞ);
G - ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ Ƚɢɛɛɫɚ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ –
4,94 Ⱦɠ/ɝ ɢɥɢ 4940 Ⱦɠ/ɤɝ.
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɨɱɜɵ
( En ) ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ȼ.Ɇ. ȼɨɥɨɞɢɧɚ [4]: ȿn
H ˜ Gɝ ˜ d ˜ Qn , ɝɞɟ H - ɡɚɩɚɫɵ
(ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɜ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ) ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɣ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ. ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɨɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥ ɋɒȺ /ɝɨɞ.
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ (ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ).
ɝɭɦɭɫɚ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ( 0-35 ɫɦ); Gɝ - ɨɛɳɢɣ ɝɭɦɭɫ, %; d - ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ
3
ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɝ/ɫɦ ; Qn - ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɝɭɦɭɫɚ, Ⱦɠ/ɝɚ.
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: ȿ p
W ˜G ,
( ȿ p ) ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ
Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ
ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɜ
Ⱥɣɞɚɪ-Ⱥɪɧɚɫɚɣɫɤɨɣ
ɨɡɟɪɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɝɞɟ W - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɪɨɫɬɭ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ: ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɪɟɤɢ, ɤɦ3.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɑȺɄɂɊ (ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ) 4,5-5 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
72
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
(ɜ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɢɯ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ
409
ɥɢɦɢɬɚ)
ɢ,
ɜ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ,
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
1941
«ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ» ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ ɩɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ
40
1956
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5).
-
-
4.
Ɍɚɜɚɤɫɚɣɫɤɚɹ
72(73,6)
350(359)
5.
ɑɢɪɱɢɤɫɤɚɹ Ƚɗɋ-7
84(86,4)
427,6(394)
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
6.
Ʉɚɦɨɥɨɬ
8
35,4
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
7.
Ⱥɤɤɚɜɚɤ-1
34,7(36,8)
171,6(232)
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
-
1951
8.
Ⱥɤɤɚɜɚɤɫɤɚɹ
9
66
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
12
1946
9.
Ʉɢɛɪɚɣɫɤɚɹ
11,2
89
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
19
1943
10.
Ʉɚɞɵɪɵɧɫɤɚɹ
13,2
112(122)
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
38
1936
11
ɋɚɥɚɪɫɤɚɹ
11,2(11,7)
85
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
18
1944
35,2
(ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5- ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ
Ɍɚɥɚɫ ɩɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ
Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ Ʉɚɞɵɪɵɧɫɤɢɯ Ƚɗɋ ɧɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ Ȼɨɡɫɭ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ, Ɍɚɥɚɫɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ,
ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ
Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ Ƚɗɋ
12
Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɚɹ
4
32(28)
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
14
1934
13.
ɒɚɣɯɚɧɬɚɭɪɫɤɚɹ
3,6
23(32)
ɩɪɢɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɚɹ
9
1953
14.
Ȼɭɪɞɠɚɪɫɤɚɹ
6,4(6,6)
45(40,5)
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
18
1937
15.
Ⱥɤɬɟɩɢɫɤɚɹ
15
80(81,8)
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
41
1943
29
1944
Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ ɇɢɠɧɟ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɢɯ Ƚɗɋ
16.
ɇɢɠɧɟ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɚɹ-1
10,7(10,2)
41,4(65)
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ
1
Ɇɚɧɚɫ-
Ʉɚɪɚɛɭɭɪ Ȼɚɤɚɣɚɬ-
Ɍɚɥɚɫɫɤɢ
ɫɤɢɣ
ɢɧɫɤɢɣ
ɣ
2
ɢɧɫɤɢɣ
3
4
5
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ
1642000
1642000
1563000
1563000
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ( Oc ), ɦɦ
469
469
327
327
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɝɭɦɭɫ ( Gɝ ), %
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ( R ), ɤȾɠ/ɦ2.
17.
ɇɢɠɧɟ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɚɹ-2
15,4(13)
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ
13
1950
18
ɇɢɠɧɟ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɚɹ-3
19.
ɇɢɠɧɟ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɚɹ-4
11,2
40,8(50)
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ
18
1955
17,6
88(99)
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ
37
1954
20.
ɇɢɠɧɟ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɚɹ -6
4,4
21,8(30)
ɩɪɢɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɚɹ
12
1954
7(7,2)
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɢ (W ),
1.53
3
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɟ
ɤɦ
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ (1011, ɤȾɠ)
3
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 4,5-5 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ – 44,3 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ (84-89%) ɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,65 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ (ɨɤɨɥɨ
15%). Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɨɦ
ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ( ȿ s )
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɢ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɩɨ ɪɭɫɥɭ ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ
( ȿɨɫ)
ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ Ⱥɪɚɥɚ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɱɜɵ ( En )
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɤɨ-
ȿ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ.
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɵ Ⱦɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ Ɍɚɞɠɢɤɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
408
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ȿs ȿɨɫ ȿɩ
171.589
484.718
362.303
800.100
2.42
6.84
3.74
8.27
7.94
22.43
17,62
38.90
181.949
513.988
383.663
847.270
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
75.582
ɫɬɨɤɚ ( ȿ p )
ȿ
ȿs ȿɨɫ ȿɩ ȿ ɪ
2002.452
73
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 5
1
2
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
3
4
5
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɀɚɦɛɵɥɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ,
ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ
ɀɚɦɛɵɥ-
Ȼɚɣɡɚɤɫɤ
ɋɚɪɵɫɭɫɤ Ɍɚɥɚɫɫɤɢ
ɫɤɢɣ
ɢɣ
ɢɣ
ɣ
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ
1709000
1709000
1817000
1808000
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ( Oc ), ɦɦ
287
287
155
314
Ɋɢɫ.5 Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ƚɗɋ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɝɭɦɭɫ ( Gɝ ), %
0.5-1
0.5-1
0.5-1
0.5-1
ɧɚ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
2
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ( R ), ɤȾɠ/ɦ .
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɢ (W ),
0.90
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
3
ɤɦ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.4. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ƚɗɋ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ (1011, ɤȾɠ)
ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ( ȿ s )
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
734.870
769.05
3683.059
2205.760
6.096
6.380
15.521
18.924
32.680
34.200
154.052
92,720
773.646
809.630
3852.632
2317.404
ɧɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɟ (ɪɢɫ.5).
ɉɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɷɬɢɦ,
ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɞɥɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
ȿs ȿɨɫ ȿɩ ȿ ɪ
7797.772
ʋ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ Ƚɗɋ
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬ
ɇɚɩɨ
Ƚɨɞ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜ
Ɇȼɬ
ɧɹɹ
ɪ,
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢ
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ,
ɦ
ɸ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 5, «ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ» ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 7797.772 ɯ10
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ»
11
ɧɚ
Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ ɍɪɬɚ-ɑɢɪɱɢɤɫɤɢɯ Ƚɗɋ ɧɚ ɪ.ɑɢɪɱɢɤ
ɤȾɠ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ 3.5 ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɬɵɫɹɱɢ
ɝɟɤɬɚɪɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɟ - 0.175 ɯ1011 ɤȾɠ, ɚ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ - 0.189 ɯ1011 ɤȾɠ.
74
Ɍɢɩ Ƚɗɋ
ɦɥɧ. ɤȼɬ.ɱ
Ɍɚɥɚɫ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ʉɵɪɝɵɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2002.452 ɯ1011 ɤȾɠ, ɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɭ
«ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ȼɨɡɫɭɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
44.460
ɫɬɨɤɚ ( ȿ p )
ȿ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪ. ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ȿs ȿɨɫ ȿɩ
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɥɭ ɪɟɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɩɨɱɜɵ ( En )
ȿ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ
( ȿɨɫ)
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɬɪɚɫɫɵ
1.
ɑɚɪɜɚɤɫɤɚɹ
600(620)
2000
ɩɪɢɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɚɹ
148
2.
ɏɨɞɠɢɤɟɧɬɫɤɚɹ
165
560
ɩɪɢɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɚɹ
34
1976
3.
Ƚɚɡɚɥɤɟɧɬɫɤɚɹ
120
418
ɩɪɢɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɚɹ
25
1981
Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ ɑɢɪɱɢɤɫɤɢɯ Ƚɗɋ ɧɚ ɪ.ɑɢɪɱɢɤ
407
1972
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 75.582 ɯ1011 ɤȾɠ, ɚ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ - 44.460 ɯ1011 ɤȾɠ, ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ 1.7 ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɭɫɥɭɝɢ
ɩɨ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɭ.
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɚɥɚɫ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ «ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ» ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ
ɚɝɪɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
Ɋɢɫ 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɚ ɑɢɧɚɡ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪ. ɑɢɪɱɢɤ
ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɚ Ȼɨɡɫɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ Ȼɨɡɫɭ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. ɑɢɪɱɢɤ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɚ ɑɢɧɚɡ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.3.
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ɋɟɪɨɜ Ƚ.ɉ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɭɞɢɬ[Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɋɟɪɨɜ, Ƚ.ɉ.- Ɇ.: ɗɤɡɚɦɟɧ,
1999.- 448 ɫ.
2. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ ɀ.ɋ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ
Ɋɢɫ.3 Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɪ.ɑɢɪɱɢɤ (ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬ ɑɢɧɚɡ, 2012 ɝ.)
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ]
/
Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ
ɀ.ɋ.,
Ɋɹɛɰɟɜ
Ⱥ.Ⱦ.,
Ⱥɞɢɥɶɛɟɤɬɟɝɢ Ƚ.Ⱥ.- Ɍɚɪɚɡ, 2007.-218 ɫ.
3. Odum H.T. Environmental Accounting. EMERGY and Enviromental
Decision Making. N.Y.: John Willey&Sons [Tekst].-1996.-370 p.
4. ȼɨɥɨɞɢɧ ȼ.Ɇ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼɨɥɨɞɢɧ
ȼ.Ɇ. // ɇɚɭɱɧ. ɬɟɯ. ɛɸɥ. ȼɇɂɂɁɢɁɉɗ. -Ʉɭɪɫɤ, 1986. - ʋ3. -ɋ. 3-11.
Ɋɢɫ.4 Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ Ȼɨɡ ɋɭ (Ƚɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬ Ȼɨɡɫɭ, 2012 ɝ.)
406
75
ɍȾɄ 502/504: 551.48: 626.81: 627.81
ɑȺɄȻ (ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ-Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ): ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 88%,
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ
ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɥɺɩɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ – ɨɤɨɥɨ12%, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ – ɦɟɧɟɟ 1% . ȼ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɥɢɦɢɬ
3
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ 1250 ɦɥɧ. ɦ /ɝɨɞ ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ. ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɂ.ȼ. Ɋɚɝɭɥɢɧɚ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɩɨ
ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɨɞ.
ɋ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɑȺɄɂɊɚ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 4,5-5 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ – 4-4,3
ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ (84-89%) ɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ
ɈȽȻɈɍ ȾɉɈ Ʉɭɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,65 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ
(ɨɤɨɥɨ 15%) [1].
ɝ. Ʉɭɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2.Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ-
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɤ ɫɬɨɤɭ ɪ. ɑɢɪɱɢɤ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 2010 ɝɨɞɚ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (Ʉɭɪɭɤɫɚɣɫɤɨɟ ɢ Ɍɭɪɤɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ), ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ. ɇɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞ ɪ. Ʉɟɥɟɫ ɢ ɪ. Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,
ɱɬɨ
ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜ
ɑȺɄɂɊ
ɜ
Abstract. Analysis of multiple design materials and literature shows that at
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɭ – ɨɤɨɥɨ
present there is no unified methodological approaches to the assessment of possible
88 %, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɭ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 12 %, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɭ – ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 %. ȼ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɥɢɦɢɬ
volumes of irrigation water releases into water bodies, including in the lower tailrace
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ 1250 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3/ɝɨɞ -
reservoir hydro systems, there is also no uniformity in the terms. There is no single
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ (ɋɯɟɦɚ ɄɂɈȼɊ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɇɂɐ
interpretation of the characteristics of the flow, leave the following sections of
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɚ ɇɂɐ ɆɄȼɄ).
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ
regulation and withdrawal of water resources.
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ, ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 90% ɨɬ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɪɟɤɚɯ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ.
Ɉɛɴɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɧɭɠɞɵ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 6-7%. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɜ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɢ, ɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɤɢ, ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ ɢ Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
ɮɚɭɧɵ. ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɩɨɩɭɫɤ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ,
ɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 30% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ.
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.
ɬɟɦ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ
76
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ
405
ɜ
1.ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪ.ɑɢɪɱɢɤ ɢ ɪ.Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ, ɟɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ (ȼɏɄ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨ-
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ
ɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ), ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ, ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ [3-
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ
5]. ɉɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ
ɪɟɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ
ɪ.
ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ
ɢ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ.1.
ɉɪɢ
ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ-Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɢɣ
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ.
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɤ ɡɢɦɨɣ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɨɦɟɪɡɚɸɬ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ). Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ.
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ —
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɞ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ.
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ
– ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ, ɡɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɥɭɝɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɪɟɫɬɚ ɪɵɛɵ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ
ɪɟɤ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɫ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɵɦɢ
ɫɛɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɠɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɤɭ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɟ ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ
Ɋɢɫ 1. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ
–
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ,
ɩɨɞ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɦ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ,
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ «ɋɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɣ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ.
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ» (ɄɂɈȼɊ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ – ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɇɂɐ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɚ ɇɂɐ ɆɄȼɄ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɤɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ,
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ (ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧ-Ʉɟɥɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɑȺɄɂɊ)
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɵɯ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɜ 9,32 ɤɦ , ɢɡ ɧɢɯ 8,67 ɤɦ (93%) - ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ. ȼɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɩɪɨɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ ɡɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ
404
77
3
3
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 0,2—0,3 ɦ/ɫɟɤ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ
ɍȾɄ 628.218
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɂ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ – ɫɛɪɨɫɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ ȼ ɋɊȿȾɇȿɆ Ɍȿɑȿɇɂɂ ȻȺɋɋȿɃɇȺ Ɋ.ɋɕɊȾȺɊɖə
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
(ɑɂɊɑɂɄ-ȺɏȺɇȽȺɊȺɇ-ɄȿɅȿɋɋɄɂɃ ɂɊɊɂȽȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɃ ɊȺɃɈɇ)
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ.
ɂ.ɗ.Ɇɚɯɦɭɞɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ.
“ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ɂɊɊɂȽȺɐɂɂ ɂ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɋɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ) ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆ”, ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɡɢɦɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ,
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɱɟɬɚɦ.
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɹɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ [1], ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ-Ⱥɯɚɧɝɚɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɦ 95 %-ɧɨɣ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ.ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɑɢɪɱɢɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-
ɫɪɟɞɧɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ,
ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɩɭɫɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢ ɧɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪ.
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɟɤɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɣɦɵ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɩɭɫɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 10 ɢɥɢ 5 ɞɧɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɞɟɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ (ɧɚ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ ɝɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɪɟɤɚɯ) ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɧɬɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 50-
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ Ƚɗɋ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
75 %. Ɉɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɜ 2-3 ɝɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ.
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɣɦɵ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
This article shows the results of analysis and assessment of water management
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɦɨɦ
in the Chirchik-Akhangaran River Basin in the middle reaches of the Syrdarya River.
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
Big quantities of water are discharged into Syrdarya towards Kazakhstan because of
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ɉɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
hydroenergy generation along the Chirchik River and municipal waste water and
ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞɚ. Ʉɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
drainage water within the territory of the river basin. The article describes the
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ ɧɟɬ. ȿɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ [2],
patterns of formation of discharged water and its distribution throughout the year. It
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ:
also provides the digital maps with the HEPS’ location and their energy potential.
x
ɜ ɝɨɞ 25 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɄɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ
ɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 50 %. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɝɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ (ɥɭɝɚ, ɪɵɛɚ);
78
ɫɥɨɜɚ:
ɜɨɞɚ,
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ,
ɫɯɟɦɚ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɧɚɥɵ, ɨɡɟɪɚ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ.
403
ɤɚɪɬɵ,
ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɹ,
x
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜ ɝɨɞ 50 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɧɚ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 75 %, ɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ 75 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ
- ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 95 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ. ɇɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ, ɜɟɪɫɢɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
x
ɜ ɝɨɞ 95 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞ-
ɪɨɝɪɚɮɨɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ 99 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɧɞɢɨɡɧɵɯ Ƚɗɋ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ, ɞɟɥɚɟɬ
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɫɤɨɪɟɣɲɟɟ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɩɭɫɤ ɢɡ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɜ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 25 ɦ3/ɫ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
1. ɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɪ.
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ:
ɋɜɨɞɧɚɹ
ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ,
ɋɪɟɞɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɥɨɩɨɤ, 1984, 372 ɫ.
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɟɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ /Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ, 1975, 116 ɫɬɪ.
Ʌ.Ɂ.
Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɞɢɭɦ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɪ.ɪ.
ɍɱɚ, Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ ɢ əɭɡɚ (1 ɦ3/ɫ. 4 ɦ3/ɫ ɢ 5,9 ɦ3,ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ). ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
3. ɒɭɥɶɰ ȼ.Ʌ. Ɋɟɤɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ. - Ʌ.: Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɢɡɞɚɬ. 1965. - 285 ɫ.
ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ 1937ɝ. Ʉɚɪɚɦɵɲɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɧɚ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɢɠɟ
30 ɦ3/ɫ (ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 7 ɦ3/ɫ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ). ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
2. Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɜɚ ɋ.ɗ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
4.
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 5 ɦ3/ɫ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɤɜɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɩɭɫɤ ɢɡ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɛɵɥ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧ
ɞɨ 31 ɦ3/ɫ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 1986 ɝ.,
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ//ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2011, ʋ3, ɫ.47-55.
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
5. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ Ɍ.ɘ., Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ȼ., ɍɦɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
Ƚɂɋ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɞ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɪɚɦɵɲɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɛɵɥ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 35 ɦ3/ɫ.
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɪ.ɪ. ɍɱɚ, Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ ɢ əɭɡɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ
«Ɋɨɥɶ
ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɰɢɮɪ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ», Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 2008ɝ., ɫ.78-83.
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 45 ɦ3/ɫ.
//Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
6. Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ,Ɍ.ɘ.Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ. ȼɵɩɭɫɤ 5.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ-
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ 2012, ɫ.403-409..
7.
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɦ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢ ȼɚɡɭɡɚ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɪɬ.
ȽɄɄɂɇɉ-05-046-02.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ
Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɘɫɭɩɞɠɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɇ.- Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɇɐȽɢɄ, 2000, 38 ɫ.
402
Ȼ.Ɍ.,
Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ
ʋ
Ɋɟɤɚ
Ʉɭɞɚ
ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ
1
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
Ɉɤɚ
ɘ.ɉ.,
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ,
ɦ3/ɫ
ɤɦ2
50,1
7550
79
Ɉɛɴɟɦ
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɦ3/ɫ
30,0
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ.
2
(ɉɚɜɲɢɧɨ)
ɋɯɨɞɧɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
1,82
248
27,0
3
əɭɡɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
9,4
272
5,9
4
Ɉɤɚ
185
42500
4,0
ɜɵɫɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ 130ɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
5
Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ
(ɭɫɬɶɟ)
ɍɱɚ
Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ
-
320
1,0
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ 250-300 ɩɢɤɟɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ
6
ɋɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɤɚ
ɏɚɩɢɥɨɜɤɚ
0,028
30,0
1,0
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 180ɦ, ɚ ɫ 250-300 ɩɢɤɟɬɨɜ -185-190ɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ
7
Ʌɢɯɨɛɨɪɤɚ
əɭɡɚ
0,5
58,0
3,0
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ (ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ 30ɤɦ) ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ
8
ɋɟɬɭɧɶ
əɭɡɚ
1,33
190
-
ɧɚ 10ɦ (ɫɦ ɪɢɫ.8) ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ (ɩɢɤɟɬɵ 300-
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 935ɤɦ200ɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ
9
ɏɚɩɢɥɨɜɤɚ
əɭɡɚ
-
75,0
-
1000). ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɜɨɞ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɭɫɥɨ
10
ɑɟɪɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
Ƚɨɪɨɞɧɹ
0,032
55, 0
-
Ƚɨɪɨɞɧɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɪ.Ʉɚɲɤɚɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤ. Ⱦɟɧɝɢɡɤɭɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ
11
0,76
100
-
ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶ. ɋɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ 300 ɩɢɤɟɬɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɞɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɤɨɦ, ɢ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ
ɜɟɫɶ ɫɬɨɤ ɫ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɪɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ, Ʉɚɲɤɚɞɚɪɶɹ, Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ - ɇɟɝɥɢɧɧɚɹ, ɏɢɦɤɚ,
ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɣ
Ɍɚɪɚɤɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɉɪɟɫɧɹ, Ɏɢɥɶɤɚ, ɇɢɳɟɧɤɚ, ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 10-12ɦ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ
Ɋɟɤɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ.. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɪ. Ɉɤɭ ɭ ɝ. Ʉɨɥɨɦɧɵ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ
ɜ Ⱥɪɚɥ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɤɥɨɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,007966 ɝɪɚɞ, ɬɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 300 ɩɢɤɟɬɚ ɞɨ
2
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 17600 ɤɦ . ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
Ⱥɪɚɥɚ ɭɤɥɨɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,008881 ɝɪɚɞ.
ɪɟɤ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɲɢɦ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɯɨɥɦɵ ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɜɪɚɝɚɦɢ.
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɟɺ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɵ ɢɫɤɚɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɣɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɚ ɜɨɞ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ.
ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɤɟɬɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ
Ɋɟɤɚ əɭɡɚ - ɫɚɦɵɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɪɟɤɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 5000ɦ ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɢɤɟɬɭ ɞɟɨɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ 48 ɤɦ
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦɢ
2
2
(ɜ ɱɟɪɬɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ 29 ɤɦ), ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ - 452 ɤɦ (ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ 272 ɤɦ ).
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢ
Ɋ. əɭɡɚ ɛɟɪɺɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɢɡ ɛɨɥɨɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʌɨɫɢɧɨɝɨ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɚ. ɉɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬ ɝ.
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɵɧɟ ɜɵɫɵɯɚɸɳɟɝɨ
Ɇɵɬɢɳɢ, ɩɨɫɺɥɤɢ Ɍɚɣɧɢɧɤɚ ɢ ɉɟɪɥɨɜɤɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ. ɇɚ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɱɜ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ
ɪ.
ɜɨɞɵ
əɭɡɚ
ɨɤɨɥɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ
ɦ /ɫ.
ɝ.
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ
3
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ
9,4
ɪɹɞ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɋɟɤɚ Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ. əɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
80
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ.
401
ɱɢɬɚɬɶ , ɱɬɨ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ 480ɤɦ 876,09ɦ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɥɟɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɦ Ɉɤɢ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ - 686 ɤɦ, ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ - 245
ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɤɦ. ȼ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɆɄȺȾ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 4
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.6. ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
ɤɦ. Ȼɟɪɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɸɠɧɨɦ ɫɤɥɨɧɟ Ʉɥɢɧɫɤɨ-Ⱦɦɢɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɉɨ ɨɫɹɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ: ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɨɤɨɥɨ
ɞ.
Ʉɨɱɟɪɝɢɧɨ
ɜ
ɏɢɦɤɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɢɤɟɬɚɦɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 5000ɦ, ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɢɤɟɬɚ (50, 100 ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɟɫɥɢ ɧɨɦɟɪ
Ɋɟɤɚ ɋɯɨɞɧɹ. Ɋɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ (ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪ. əɭɡɵ)
ɩɢɤɟɬɚ ɭɦɧɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ 100, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɞɨ ɩɢɤɟɬɚ ɜ
ɥɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ 47 ɤɦ. ɉɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɦ., ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ «Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɡɟɦɥɢ» ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɚɞ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɱɟɪɬɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5 ɤɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ 17,2 ɤɦ2. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɦ.
ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ 1,8 ɦ3/ɫ. Ȼɟɪɺɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɭ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ Ⱥɥɚɛɭɲɟɜɨ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɏɢɦɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɱɟɪɟɡ ɋɯɨɞɧɟɧɫɤɭɸ Ƚɗɋ) ɜ ɪ. ɋɯɨɞɧɸ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨɥɠɫɤɚɹ
ɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ.
Ɋɟɤɚ ɋɟɬɭɧɶ. Ɋɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ.
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ 38 ɤɦ. Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 5 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ȼ ɱɟɪɬɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ — ɨɤɨɥɨ 20 ɤɦ ɜ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ 190
ɤɦ2. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ 1,33 ɦ3/ɫ. Ȼɟɪɺɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ ɋɚɥɚɪɶɟɜɨ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɤɚ ɋɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɤɚ. ɉɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ –
Ɋɢɫ.5.
Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ
ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨ-ɫɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɫ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɹɦɢ,
12 ɤɦ, ɜ ɱɟɪɬɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ -8,6 ɤɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ – 3,7 ɤɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 30 ɤɦ2. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,028 ɦ3/ɫ.
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ AutoCAD.
ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɉɭɝɚɱɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɭɥɢɰ ɪ. ɋɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɤɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪ. ɋɨɫɟɧɤɨɣ,
ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɑɟɪɤɢɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɭɞɚ, ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɪ. ɏɚɩɢɥɨɜɤɚ.
Ɋɟɤɚ Ʌɢɯɨɛɨɪɤɚ. ɋɚɦɵɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɪ. əɭɡɵ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ.
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ – 16 ɤɦ (ɨɬ ɆɄȺȾ ɞɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ Ʌɢɯɨɛɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɵɦ
ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ). ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ 58 ɤɦ2.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ – 0,5 ɦ3ɫ. Ȼɟɪɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɛɥɢɡ ɫɟɥɚ ɇɨɜɨ-Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ.
Ɋɟɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢ əɭɡɚ ɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɟɪɟɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɏɢɦɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ƚɨɥɨɜɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɭɞɵ ɢ
Ƚɨɥɨɜɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɭɱɟɣ.
Ɋɟɤɚ Ƚɨɪɨɞɧɹ. Ȼɟɪɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɟ, ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ
Ɋɢɫ.6. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
400
ɸɝɭ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɋɟɬɭɧɢ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ
81
ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ȿɟ ɞɥɢɧɚ 16 ɤɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ 14 ɤɦ - ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
2
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
3
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ 100 ɤɦ . ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ 0,76 ɦ /ɫ. Ȼɟɪɺɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɫ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ.
Ɍɟɩɥɨɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ȼɢɬɰɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɚ. ɉɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɝɢɞɪɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɰɚɪɢɰɵɧɫɤɢɣ, ɇɢɠɧɟɰɚɪɢɰɵɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɭɞɵ, ɩɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɟ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɱɺɬ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɢ ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɭ Ȼɟɫɟɞɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ.
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɟɣ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɚ
ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ[7,8].
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ,
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ. ɇɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ
ɧɢɠɧɢɟ
ɛɶɟɮɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ: ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ, ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ, ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ., ɬ.ɟ. ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
Ɋɢɫ.3. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨ-ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɂɡ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ.
x
ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ. Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧ ɜ 1000 ɪɚɡ.
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɜɨɞɨɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
Ʉ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ
(ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɦɢ)
ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɫɨɯɲɟɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ Ⱥɤɱɚɞɚɪɶɢ.
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ,
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɵɥɢ
ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ 95 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨ-ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ
ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ,
AutoCAD. ȼ ɫɪɟɞɟ AutoCAD ɭɞɨɛɧɟɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɢ
ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɢɤɟɬɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 500,0ɦ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ 5 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɚ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ. ȼ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɢɤɟɬɚ
x
480. ɋɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ 4808+76,09. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ
82
399
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɭɛɨɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɢ ɨɧ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ,
ɧɚ
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɬ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɢ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɳɟɪɛɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ.
ɧɟɞɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.
x
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɜ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɳɟɪɛɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɧɢɠɧɢɣ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɞ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ
x
ɛɶɟɮ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɤɚɤ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɉɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ «ɉɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ» ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɚ ɰɟɥɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ:
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ 29 ɦ3/ɫ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ 20 ɦ3/ɫ.
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ
x
ɇɢɠɟ Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚɦɢ Ʉɚɪɚɦɵɲɟɜɨ, ɉɟɪɟɪɜɚ ɢ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ
Ɍɪɭɞɤɨɦɦɭɧɚ.
ɇɐȽɄ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ
ɬɨɩɨɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ 1:200000. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɬɨɩɨɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ
x
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɟɤɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɪɬ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɲɥɸɡɵ ʋ 7 ɢ 8, ɩɨ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɢɡ ɏɢɦɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ
ɤɚɪɬɚɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤ ɟɟ
ɪ.
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ [9].
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ 118 ɪɟɤ ɢ ɪɭɱɶɟɜ, ɂɡ ɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɬɨɩɨɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ 67 ɪɟɤ ɢ ɪɭɱɶɟɜ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɤ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ,
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 515 ɤɦ, ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ 0,36 ɤɦ/ɤɦ2, ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ [7] ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɚɪɬɚɦ
ɪɭɫɥɨɦ 315 ɤɦ.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
x
ɋɯɨɞɧɸ ɢ ɩɨ Ʌɢɯɨɛɨɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɛɪɨɫɭ ɜ ɪ. əɭɡɭ. ɉɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɢ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɧɢɠɟ Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɫɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɬɨɩɨɤɚɪɬ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɭ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ: ɪ. əɭɡɚ (ɫ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ 29,5 ɤɦ) ɫ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɦɢ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʌɢɯɨɛɨɪɤɚ (15,0 ɤɦ) ɢ ɏɚɩɢɥɨɜɤɚ (12,5 ɤɦ); ɪ. ɋɟɬɭɧɶ (15,8 ɤɦ), ɪɟɤɢ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɩɨɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ
ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɇɢɳɟɧɤɚ (16,0 ɤɦ).
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ ɢ ɦɟɬɪɢɤɭ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
398
83
– ɨɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ – ɟɝɨ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ. ȿ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ –
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
[ɬɟɤɫɬ]/ Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ Ʉ.ɇ. Ȼɟɫɬɭɠɟɜɚ Ⱥ.ɒ. Ɋɟɡɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ. ɒ. ɂ ɞɪ. // Ɇ.:
ɫɭɯɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ Ⱥɤɱɚɞɚɪɶɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ
2000. 56 ɫ.
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ – ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ.
1.
2.
Ɏɚɳɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ȼ. ȼ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ [ɬɟɤɫɬ]/ Ȼ.ȼ.
Ɏɚɳɟɜɫɤɢɣ // Ɇɢɧɫɤ, 1996. 240 ɫ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɬ
ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
Ⱦɭɛɢɧɢɧɚ ȼ.Ƚ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɥɟɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɥɟɫɨɩɨɥɨɫ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
(ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ) [ɬɟɤɫɬ]/ȼ.Ƚ. Ⱦɭɛɢɧɢɧɚ // – Ɇ.: ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ, 2001. 120
ɧɚ
ɫ.
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
3.
4.
Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ ɂ.ɉ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ, ɢɯ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ [ɬɟɤɫɬ]/ ɂ.ɉ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ // Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬ. ɤɚɧɞ.
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɤɚɤ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
–
ɜɟɪɫɢɢ
ɩɨɞɧɨɠɢɟ
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɱɢɧɤɚ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɍɫɬɸɪɬɚ.
ȼ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɛɢɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ ɫɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ ɨɬ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 3-4ɤɦ3 ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ
Ʉɥɺɩɨɜ ȼ.ɂ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ȼɨɥɝɢ
Ⱦɠɚɥɬɵɪɛɚɫ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɵɛɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ –
ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ. Ɇ.: ɂȼɉ Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ,1986. 25 ɫ.
5.
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 10-12 ɝ/ɞɦ3. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ,
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 3000-4000 ɤɦ2.
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ / [ɬɟɤɫɬ] ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɥɺɩɨɜ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. 2007. ʋ5. ɋ.
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ
626-630.
ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɨ- ɢ
ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɫɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɴɟɦɨɤ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɬɨɤɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɫɵɯɚɸɬ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɹ
ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ
ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɝɟɤɬɚɪɨɜ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ. ɋɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ
ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ
ɩɨɥɶɡɵ ɢ ɞɢɤɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ. ɗɬɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɵ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ 20-25 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɧ ɫɨɥɟɣ
84
397
ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɚɹ. Ⱦɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – ɦɚɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ, ɚ
ɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɜ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɜ ɦɟɠɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɤ
ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. ȼ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɯ ɮɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɢɧɚɥ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɨɜɚ
ɫɨɥɟɜɚɹ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɩɨɞɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ Ɍɚɯɢɚɬɚɲɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɭ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ⱥɤɱɚɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɣ, ɏɨɪɟɡɦ-ɋɚɪɵɤɚɦɵɲɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɥɶɬ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɶɢ,
ɩɨɞɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ Ɍɭɹɦɭɸɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɭ, ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɣ,
ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɬɚɧɚ. ɋɥɚɛɟɟ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜ
Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɚɡɢɫɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ
ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɍȾɄ 502/504: 551.48: 626.81: 627.81
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ƚ.ɏ. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ. ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɥɺɩɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ. ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ. ɋ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ. ɉɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ
ɢ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫ
Annotation. Currently, the water supply in the Moscow region has created
one of the world's largest water management systems, which is located in the
basin of the upper reaches of the river. Volga. Since its inception, the system has
focused mainly on the use of surface runoff. Underground water has always
been used individually and never belonged to a single system of water supply.
The article discusses the development of an algorithm to optimize the
functioning of the joint water resource systems in the Moscow region.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɟɪ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɟɪ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ȼɏɋ) Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ, ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɟɳɟ ɜ 80-ɯ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ.
ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, – ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ,
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ.
Ɂɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ, ɢɥɢ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɢɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɂɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ,
ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɰɟɥɶ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɚ [6]. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɚɫɫɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
396
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
85
ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:
ɦɟɠɞɭɪɟɱɶɹ, ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ –
- ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɫɧɟɧɢɟ.
Ɇɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɚ ɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦ, ɤɚɤ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ;
- ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ;
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ 7 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɫɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹɯ, ɜ ɪɵɛɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ, ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ⱦɥɹ
- ɞɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɪɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɞɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ.
ɜɨɞ ɤ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ
ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ;
- ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɭɩɚɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɧɚɫɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ
ȼɊɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ-ɪɟɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ;
- ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨ
ɫɬɨɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ,
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ȼɊɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ). ȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ;
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɟɧ.
-
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɢ
ɩɪɢɟɦɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɨ-ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ;
- ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɭɪɟɡɤɢ ɢɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
Ɉɛɫɨɯɲɟɟ ɞɧɨ Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɭɸ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɸ ɫ
ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɚɦɢ. «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ» ɞɟɥɶɬɚ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɟɣ ɫ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ
ɟɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɨɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɵɦɢ ɨɡɟɪɚɦɢ, ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɚɦɢ.
ȼ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨ
- ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 400 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ ɜ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɦ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɛɵɥɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 3-15 ɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɥɢ
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ;
ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ. ɇɵɧɟ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ «ɩɭɯɥɹɤɢ» ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
-
ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɜ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ
86
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ)
ɮɨɪɦɵ «ɫɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɩɨɪɨɜ». ɇɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɪɮɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɭɝɨɞɶɹɯ – ɷɬɨ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ, ɱɚɳɟ –
395
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɜɧɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ. ɉɨ
3
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɢɬɟɤɚɥɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 63,1 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ
ɢ ɜ ɝɨɞ 90 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ – 47-48 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ [2-5].
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɉɪɢɬɨɤ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɜ
3
3
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɫ 47-48 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ ɞɨ 24-25 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ. ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ
3
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɞɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɜɨɬ 7 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ.
ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɧɟ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ
ɫɜɨɢɦɢ
ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ [1]. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɢ ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɣ [1].
3
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 2,0-5,0 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ
ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɢ
ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ
–
ɉɨɞ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɷɬɢɯ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɢɯɢɢ, ɢ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ
ɧɢɡɨɜɢɣ
ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɱɟɝɨ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɚɥɨ
ɜ
ɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ.
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ȼ
Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ
ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɟ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɜ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ.
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ [1,5]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ:
ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɬɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
1.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ, ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ,
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɉɨ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɭ,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɨɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɭɸ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɟɝɨ
ɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ
ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ – Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɜ ɟɟ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɩɨɜɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ.
ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦɢ
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ȼ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ
ɜɢɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ – ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɭ.
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
Ʉɚɤ
ɜɨɞɵ.
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ.
2.
ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧɚ ɢ Ʉɚɲɤɚɞɚɪɶɢ, Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ
ɢ Ɍɭɪɬɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɚɡɢɫɨɜ, ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɡɟɪ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ
394
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
87
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 95% (ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ) ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɧɨɣ
ɍȾɄ [528.9:577.4:681.3:55.011.56]
3
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɞ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 9,4 ɦ / ɫ [ 2 ] .
3.
ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȼɈȾɈ-ɋɈɅȿɈɌȼɈȾəɓȿȽɈ ɌɊȺɄɌȺ ɋ
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ Ƚɂɋ-ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɃ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ
ɌɊȿɏɆȿɊɇɈȽɈ ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ,
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ
Ɇɚɝɞɢɟɜ ɏ. ɇ., Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ȼ.
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɡɟɦɝɟɨɞɟɡɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ,
ɜɨɞ. Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɜ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ
ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, əɭɡɚ, Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ ɢ ɍɱɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ
ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɛɶɟɮɚɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ – ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɟ,
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ɉɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɟ, Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɟ, ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɟ, Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɟ, Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɟ, ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɟ ɢ
Summary:
əɭɡɫɤɨɟ [3].
The project of a path for removal of salts developed on the basis of use of GIS-
4. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɏɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
technologies is offered. Opportunities and advantages from application of GIStechnologies are shown. Longitudinal profiles of a path for removal of salts that
makes possible an optimum choice of the route, the analysis of a situation, etc. are
constructed. The main target missions of a path for removal of salts are specified.
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɏɋ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ, ɫɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦ [1] ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ [2] ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ (ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ) ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 2025% ɨɬ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ [1]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ɷɬɚɩɚɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ȼɏɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
1.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ
ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ;
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ 4,9-6,8 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋ
1996ɝ. ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɞɥɹ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ
(1996ɝ.) ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɩɪɢɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ
88
393
11. Ɋɟɣɦɟɪɫ ɇ.Ɏ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ.- Ɇ.: Ɇɵɫɥɶ,
1990.- 637 ɫ.
2.
ɋɯɟɦɚ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɢɡ
ɬɪɟɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ȼɏɋ – ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɢ ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɣ;
12. Ȼɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ƚ.ɋ.
Ɋɨɡɟɧɛɟɪɝɚ. – Ɍɨɥɶɹɬɬɢ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɂɧɬɟɪ-ȼɨɥɝɚ, 1994. – 266 ɫ.
13. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ ȿ ɇ., Ȼɚɤɤɚɥ ɂ. ɘ., Ƚɨɪɲɤɨɜ ȼ. ȼ., Ʌɹɧɝɭɡɨɜɚ ɂ. ȼ., Ɇɚɡɧɚɹ
ȿ. Ⱥ., ɇɟɲɚɬɚɟɜ ȼ ɘ., ɇɟɲɚɬɚɟɜɚ ȼ. ɘ., ɋɬɚɜɪɨɜɚ ɇ. ɂ., əɪɦɢɲɤɨ ȼ. Ɍ.,
əɪɦɢɲɤɨ Ɇ. Ⱥ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ - ɋɉɛ.: ɇɂɂɏɢɦɢɢ
3.
ɋɯɟɦɚ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɬɪɟɯ
ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ȼɏɋ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ,
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ
ɜ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣ
ɡɚɤɨɥɶɰɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.
ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɩɵɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ. ɉɪɢ ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɋɉɛȽɍ, Ɇ54 2002. - 240 ɫ.
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɞɚɱɭ
ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɯ. ȼɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ-ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɜ
ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ,
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɜ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɪɟɤ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɟɞɢɧɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ȼɏɋ) ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ȼɏɋ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɨɣ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ȼɏɋ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɧɚ
ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ,
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ,
ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ
ɢ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ;
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɟɝɨ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ,
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ; ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ
392
89
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
1. Ȼɚɯɪɟɬɞɢɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ⱥ., ɉɨɩɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ɇɨɫɢɧɚ Ʌ.ȼ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ. // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɶ, ʋ6, 1995 ɝ.. ɋ. 57-70.
(ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ
ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ
ɢ
ɬ.ɞ.),
ɬɚɤ
ɢ
ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɦɢ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
2. Munn R.E. Global environmental monitoring system. – SCOPE Report,
1973. – Toronto, 1973, N 3. 130 p.
(ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ). ȼ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
3.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ
ɛɶɟɮɚ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1984. 560 ɫ.
6.
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ), ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɳɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɫɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɵ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ.
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ.1974. ʋ 7. ɋ.3-8.
8. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɍ. Ʌɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ʌɟɤɰɢɢ 6-10./ ɍɱ.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ.- Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ɇɨɫɤ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2009. 152 ɫ.
9. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ Ɍ.ɘ., Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ȼ., ɍɦɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
//Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
Ƚɂɋ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɞ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«Ɋɨɥɶ
ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ», Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 2008ɝ., ɫ.78-83.
10. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., Ⱥɫɤɚɪɯɨɞɠɚɟɜ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ Ƚɂɋɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ//ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨ-
ɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ. (ɜɵɩɭɫɤ 10). Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ 2013. ɋ..357-365.
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ (95-97% ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ
90
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ//
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ), ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɂ.ɉ. ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ
7. ɂɡɪɚɷɥɶ ɘ.Ⱥ. Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɧɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɯ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɧɚ
Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ // ɂɡɜ. Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ. ɋɟɪ. ɝɟɨɝɪ. 1975. ʋ 3. ɋ. 13-25.1975.
ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
(Ⱥɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
5. ɂɡɪɚɷɥɶ ɘ.Ⱥ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ɇ.:
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ – ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ.
Ɂɟɦɥɹ.
320 ɫ.)
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɜɨɞɨɟɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɨɪɨɬɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
4. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ Ȼ.ȼ. Ⱥɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1984. –
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɦɢ) ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ
Ȼ.ȼ.
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ). – Ɇ.: Ɇɵɫɥɶ, 1981. – 295 ɫ.
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɜɨɞɨɟɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ Ɇȼɋ, ɱɬɨ
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ
391
ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ) ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɪɵɜɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ-ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ «ɫɪɵɜ» ɨɬɞɚɱɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɟɺ
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɭɳɟɪɛ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɢɥɢ
ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ,
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ, ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɟ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɟ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ.
Ʉ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɦɚɧɝɚɧɚɬɧɭɸ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɦɚɥɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ
ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɧɟɥɶɡɹ
ɜ
ɫɢɥɭ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɢ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɚ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 600-800 ɦ3/ɫ. ɗɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ
Ɋɢɫ.2. Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
390
ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɩɢɤɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
91
3
9. ɋ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ 90-ɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ ɫ 6,5 ɦɥɧ ɦ /ɫɭɬ ɞɨ 3,3 ɦɥɧ
Ȼɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɦ /ɫɭɬ. ɉɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ «ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ», ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ
3
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɞɚɠɟ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɫɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ɢ
(ɞɨ
3,7
3
ɦɥɧ
ɦ /ɫɭɬ).
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɫɚɦɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ (ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ) ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɝɨ
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ ɜɨɞɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ
ɰɟɥɹɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ.
ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨɞɵ,
ɩɨ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ, ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 ɦɥɧ. ɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɦ3/ ɫɭɬ.
ȼ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɇɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɢɟɦɚ
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ,
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 90%). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɬɱɺɬɥɢɜɨ
ɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
[13]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ȼɈɁ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ , ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɩɟɝɢɨɧɭ, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ArcGIS ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ
(ɪɢɫ.2). ɇɚ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ
ɩɭɧɤɬ, ɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɜɨɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɪ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɨɡɭ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɵ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ,
ɱɬɨ ɜ Ⱥɥɦɚɥɵɤɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ, ɚ ɜ
Ⱥɧɝɪɟɧɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɜ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
92
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ.
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɦɡ Ⱥɥɦɚɥɵɤɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɪɟɧ ɢ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. ȼ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɪɨɡɵ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ.
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ.
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ
ɒɤɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɨɣ ȿ.ɇ.
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
2.
ɩɨ
Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ 2012-2014ɝɝ. ɜ 18 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ
1. ȼ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ.
ɰɟɥɟɣ,
ɛɵɥɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɪɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.
389
ɉɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɇ.Ɏ. Ɋɟɣɦɟɪɫɚ [11] ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ –
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɢ
ɫɥɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ (ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ,
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.
4. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɢ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ
ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɨɢɦɢ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ. ɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɢ ȼɚɡɭɡɫɤɨɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ: ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ,
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ,
ɡɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
ɱɬɨ
[12].
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɢɫɤɚ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
–
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ: ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɞɪ. ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ. Ɉɧɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɡɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ;
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
x
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
x
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɣɦɵ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ:
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ
ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɹɞɚ
ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɵ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
5. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɬɟɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ,
ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɦɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɵ,
ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɨɧɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦ ɢ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɪɟɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
Ʉ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɧɚɤɨɩɢɥɨɫɶ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɨɛ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɧɚ
ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ,
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ.
388
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ,
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ
(ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ
93
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ (ɜ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ 90). ɉɨ ɪɹɞɭ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ. [9]. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ [10].
ɥɟɬ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ.
1.
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ
Ʉɥɺɩɨɜ, ȼ.ɂ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ȼɏɋ
ɡɚɦɟɪɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ.- 1996. ʋ 5. – ɋ. 241-245.
2.
ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. ņ Ɉɬɱɟɬ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ
Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ «ȼɨɞɨɤɚɧɚɥ ɇɂɂ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ».
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ņ Ɇ., 1994. ņ 125 ɫ.
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
3.
Ʉɥɺɩɨɜ, ȼ.ɂ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɢɥɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ,
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ /ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɥɺɩɨɜ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. - 2007. - ʋ5. - ɋ. 626-
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɦ,
630.
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ (ɪɢɫ.1).
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
Ȼɢɨɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ
ɨ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ȽɌɋ
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ
Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɣ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
Ȼɢɨɫɮɟɪɚ ԟɨɥɚɬɢɧɢɧɝ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
94
387
ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟɮɬɶ, ɝɚɡɵ, ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɜ ɠɢɡɧɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɢɨɬɵ ɢ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ.[8].
Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ (ȽɌɋ) –
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɨɣ 7, 8 ɢ 9 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɆSɄ-64.
ɍȾɄ 631.6
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ.
ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XX ɜɟɤɚ.
Ƚ.ɏ. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɭɪɚɳɟɧɤɨɜɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɢ, ɷɬɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɭɠɞ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ: ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɡɚɛɨɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ.
ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɢ
ɤɚɤ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɢɞ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XXI ɜɟɤɚ. Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ – ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ(ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ) ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɡɚ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ XXI ɜɟɤɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɦɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɨ-ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
(ɆɈɐȺɈ). ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɆɈɐȺɈ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɢɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɋɥɭɠɛɚ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɍɡɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ
The article discusses the assessment of changes in the average annual flow of
the Volga River in the first half of the XXI century. It provides a retrospective
assessment of spatial - temporal patterns of variability of annual and seasonal (for
the period of high water and low water) runoff Volga River Basin over the past
century. To predict changes in the flows of the river Volga in the coming period, the
beginning of the XXI century authors used them developed statistical-probabilistic
method of estimation of river flow and results of scenarios of climate models of the
general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. In order to use the results of
general circulation models of the atmosphere and ocean authors propose a system of
equations due streamflow by determining its climatic factors.
ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɦ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ
Ⱦɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɦɵ ɠɢɥɢ ɫ ɢɞɟɣ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ –
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɧɟɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɢ ɱɬɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ –
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚɦ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ
«ɩɨɤɨɪɢɬɶ» ɟɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɛɚɡɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɍɡɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɬ
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ
ɩɨɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɨ ɩɨ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ 110. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
386
95
ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɫ 1975 ɝɨɞɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɝɪɚɞɭɫɚ. ɉɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ,
ɨ
“ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɚɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 1,3 ɋ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ.
ɟɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ”.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ
B ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɬɚɹɧɢɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɵ, ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɨɪɮɹɧɵɟ
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɩɨɠɚɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ. Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɬɨɱɤɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ [7] ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɤɭɸ
Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 1978 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬ.ɟ. ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɟ.
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɧɨ ɜ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɦ
ɢɞɟɚɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɫɬɨɤɟ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬ.ɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
Ⱦɥɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ. ȼ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ 20-ɯ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ 70-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ XX
ɞɪ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ, ɚ ɜ 30-40-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ XX ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ, ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ
1978 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ - ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɢ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɟɧ, ɩɪɢ ɱɟɦ ɞɨ 1978 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫɬɨɤɚ (ɫɩɚɞ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ), ɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɢɨɬɵ ɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,- ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ (ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ).
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɺ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ,
–
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ
96
385
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɟɧ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɸ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ - ɢ ɧɚ
60
30
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ) ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
50
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ
RȽ=0,2902*t+176,8006
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
10
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
700
650
600
550
500
450
ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ.
240
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
750
ɫɪɟɞɵ
260
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
800
ɤɚɪɬɵ
850
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ
280
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ
300
(ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ)
ȼ
900
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
RȽ, ɦ ɦ /ɝɨɞ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
20
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ
Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ “ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ” ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɬɨɤɝɨɥɶɦɫɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ. ɉɨɞ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ
80
70
60
50
20
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɚ ɂ.ɉ. Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɚ [6] ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
384
97
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
10
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ
560
580
600
ȿȽ, ɦ ɦ /ɝɨɞ
10
950
ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɊȽ, ɦ ɦ /ɝɨɞ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
40
60
20
ɘ.Ⱥ. ɂɡɪɚɷɥɶ [5], ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
0
ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ.
30
ɟɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
30
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ,
40
ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ Ȼ.ȼ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ [3,4] ɞɚɟɬ
50
ɊȽ=0,1231*t+664,6769
ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ» [2]. Ȼɚɡɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ȿȽ=493,8315-0,3029*t
70
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ
0
ɛɵɥɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ «ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
360
80
ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɨɦ ɈɈɇ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɢɧɞɟɤ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 80-ɯ ɝɝ
ɢɧɞɟɤ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɈɈɇ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ 1972 ɝ.
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ɇɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɡɚ 1914/1915-2000/2001 ɝɝ.
(ɊȽ - ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ, RȽ - ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ, ȿȽ - ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ)
70
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
40
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ,
ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
80
ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ
0
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɢɧɞɟɤ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ
ɋɬɨɤ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ (ɞɨ 1929
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɢɯ
ɝɨɞɚ), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 1930 ɩɨ 1940 ɝɝ. ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ 1978 ɝɨɞɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɬ
ɪɚɫɬɟɬ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɞɨ 1978 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɦɟɥɚ
ȼ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɮɚɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ,
ɦɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ
ɧɚɦɟɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. ɉɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ
Ɋɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ, ɥɢɛɨ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ,
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ [1].
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ
ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɫɚɦɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ
ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɦɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ
ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɚɭɤɚɦ ɨ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ, ɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɟɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ,
(ɗȼȻ)
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɗȼȻ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ
ɷɬɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ [2]. Ɍɚɤ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɰɢɤɥɚ
ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ-
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɠɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɢɯ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɚɯ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ (ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɟ) ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɩɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɗɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ,
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɯ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ.
ɞɨɛɵɱɢ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɞɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ
(ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ)
(ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ)
ɢ
ɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ
ɧɨɜɵɟ
ɪɚɣɨɧɵ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
(ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ) ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
98
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ,
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
383
ɷɬɚɩ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɍȾɄ 624.131.4+626.01(575.1)
Ʉ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɍ ȼȿȾȿɇɂə ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȺ ɈɄɊɍɀȺɘɓȿɃ
ɋɊȿȾɕ
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
ɇ.Ⱥ Ⱥɫɤɚɪɯɨɞɠɚɟɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, Ȼ.Ȼ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɡɟɦɝɟɨɞɟɡɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ,
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɡɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɗȼȻ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ.
ȼɨɥɝɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/1915 – 2000/2001 ɝɝ. (n=87 ɥɟɬ). Ⱦɥɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢ ɝɨɞɚ
ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȼ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɪ.
ȼɨɥɝɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ,
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɗȼȻ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɛɵɥ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ (ɆɈɐȺɈ) ɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɬ
Summary:
ɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
In article problems of conducting monitoring of environment, natural
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
resources, etc. are covered. Possibilities of use of methods of bioindication by
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
monitoring development of systems are shown.
(ɆɈɐȺɈ), ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ
ɉɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ Ⱥ2, Ⱥ1ȼ ɢ ȼ1. Ɍɚɤɠɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
(ɆɈɐȺɈ) ɩɹɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ (CMIP 5) ɞɥɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɯ.
ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɹ RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5. Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ CMIP 5 (Coupled Model
ɍɫɩɟɲɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
Intercomparison Project, Phase 5) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ XX ɜ. ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ, ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ)
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ
ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ XXI ɜ.
ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɢ
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Ɂɟɦɥɢ – ɬɚɤ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ.
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ RCP (Representative concentration pathways: ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ
ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ). ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ RCP ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ,
ɜɵɲɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
382
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
99
2
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ 2100 ɝ., ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: 2.6, 4.5 ɢ 8.5 ȼɬ/ɦ ɜ RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 ɢ RCP
ɧɭɠɞɵ. ɉɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ –
8.5 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ [1].
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ
ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɭɠɞ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɦ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XXI ɜɟɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɉɪɨɜɢɡɨɪɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɭɲɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ 30-40- ɞɦ3/ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ 11-15 ɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɭ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ
ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ , ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɞ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ.
ɢ
Ɍɚɤɨɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɫ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ,
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ). ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ
ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ,
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɗȼȻ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XXI
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
ɜɟɤɚ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
(ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɭ
ɜ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜɟɤɚ (2011-2030 ɝɝ.) ɨɬ 683 ɦɦ
3
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
1. ɂɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ,ɬ2, 1973ɝ.
3
(929 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ) ɞɨ 690 ɦɦ (938,4 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ) ɩɪɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ 670 ɦɦ
3
2.
ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ
Ʌ.Ɂ.
Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɞɢɭɦ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɤɜɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(911 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ). Ⱥ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜɟɤɚ (2041-2060 ɝɝ.)
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ//ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ 700 ɦɦ
Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2011, ʋ3, ɫ.47-55.
3
3
(952 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ) ɞɨ 715 ɦɦ (972 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ).
3. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ Ɍ.ɘ., Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ȼ., ɍɦɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɉɨ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɸ Ⱥ2 ɢ Ⱥ1ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ
3
3
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
Ƚɂɋ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
//Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ
ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ
(ȿ=481
ɦɦ).
ɉɨ
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɸ
ȼ1
3
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 476 ɦɦ (647,4 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ), ɱɬɨ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 475 ɦɦ (646 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ), ɬ.ɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 6 ɦɦ (8,2 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ) ɩɨ
ɤ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɞ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«Ɋɨɥɶ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ», Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 2008ɝ., ɫ.78-83.
4. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ., Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ ɘ., ɏɚɦɪɚɟɜ Ⱥ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɪɟɦ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹɦ.
Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ (ɞɨ ɝ. ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ) ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ//Ɍɚɛɢɢɣ ɜɚ ɢɤɬɢɫɨɞɢɣ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜɟɤɚ (2011-2030 ɝɝ.) ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 198 ɦɦ ɞɨ 202 ɦɦ (ɜ
ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɚɣɨɧɥɚɲɬɢɪɢɲ ɞɨɥɡɚɪɛ ɦɭɚɦɦɨɥɚɪɢ (ɢɥɦɢɣ-ɚɦɚɥɢɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɥɚɪɢ. Ɍɨɲɤɟɧɬ, 29-30 ɨɤɬɹɛɪ 2004 ɣɢɥ). Ɍɨɲɤɟɧɬ,2004. ɫ.205-207.
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ) ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ «ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ» ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ Ⱥ2, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ «ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ» ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ
5. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ ɘ.ɇ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
Ⱥ1ȼ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 194 ɦɦ ɢ ɞɨ 200 ɦɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ//Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 2004ɝ., ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜɟɤɚ (2041-2060 ɝɝ.) ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ «ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ» ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ Ⱥ2
ɜɵɩɭɫɤ, ɫ.208-211.
100
381
Ȼɟɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɞɚ ɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 200 ɦɦ ɞɨ 211 ɦɦ (ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ
ɫɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/1915 – 2000/2001 ɝɝ. ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 190
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ).
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ
«ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɧɚ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵ» [2]. Ɍɚɤɨɜɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
-
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɹ SRES Ⱥ2, A1B ɢ B1 ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ.
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɯ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜ ɝɪɹɞɭɳɟɦ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɜ
ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ,
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ CMIP3 ɞɥɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ
339 ɞɨ 349 ɦɦ, ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ (1914/15-2000/2001 ɝɝ.)
- ɷɬɨ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ [3-5]. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɤɚɤɨɜɨ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 329 ɦɦ. ɇɨɪɦɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
112 ɦɦ. ɇɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ
ɢɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɝɭɦɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. ȼ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 125 ɦɦ ɞɨ 135 ɦɦ (ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ
«ɍɡɝɢɩɪɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɧɠɩɪɨɟɤɬ» ɢ «ɍɡɝɢɩɪɨɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ», ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/1915 – 2000/2001 ɝɝ. ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 118
ɧɨɪɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɋɇɢɉɭ 2.04.02.04. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɦɦ) ɞɥɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ Ⱥ2 ɢ ȼ1.
ɷɬɢɦɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɬɨ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɬɚɧɚ ɦɨɝ ɢɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɬɶ 1496 ɬɵɫ.ɦ /ɫɭɬɤɢ (0,55 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ), Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɚɹ
ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ. ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
,
ɧɵɧɟ
ɧɚ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɟ
3
3
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 1882 ɬɵɫ. ɦ /ɫɭɬɤɢ (0,69 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ), Ʉɚɲɤɚɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ – 1426 ɬɵɫ.
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ 1,1 -1,3 ɨɋ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɧɚ
ɦ3 /ɫɭɬɤɢ (0,52 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ), ɏɨɪɟɡɦɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ – 972 ɬɵɫ. ɦ3/ɫɭɬɤɢ (0,36 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ).
13-18 ɦɦ (3-4%). ɇɨɪɦɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ.
ȼɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ȼɨɥɝɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 353 ɦɦ, ɬ.ɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 15 ɦɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ
3
3
3
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 2,1 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ (ȿ=368 ɦɦ). ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ȼɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɟ – ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ – ɦɨɝɥɨ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ (ɞɨ ɝ. ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ) ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ
3
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ. Ɉɛɚ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ
ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɨɬ 77 ɦɦ ɞɨ 86 ɦɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ Ⱥ2, ɨɬ 76 ɦɦ ɞɨ
ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵ.
83 ɦɦ – ɞɥɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ Ⱥ1ȼ ɢ ɨɬ 76 ɦɦ ɞɨ 87 ɦɦ - ɞɥɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ȼ1 (ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɟ
ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 71 ɦɦ).
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɟ
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɞ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɢɡ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ.
Ƚɢɫɫɚɪɚɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɬɶɫɹ.
ɉɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ȼɈɁ – ɜ
ɚɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɤɚɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ.
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ
380
101
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
X n W
ɝɞɟ
X-
ɉɪɢ
X n r t p KV X n ,
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ,
n
–
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, IJ - ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, V X n – ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, tP – ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ
ɞɥɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪ, Ʉ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ IJ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ
VX
V X 1 r 1
n
n 1 r 1
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɨɦ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɟ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ 0,77-0,85 [2], ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ-ɛɪɭɬɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 9-11
(1)
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɬɵɫ.ɦ3/ɝɚ. ɉɪɢɧɹɜ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɝ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɛɪɭɬɬɨ ɜ 11 ɬɵɫ.ɦ3/ɝɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɵɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɬɚɧɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
5,5 ɤɦ3, ɏɨɪɟɡɦɭ – 2,9, Ȼɭɯɚɪɟ -2,9, Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ (ɰɟɥɢɧɧɨɦɭ) ɦɚɫɫɢɜɭ – 4,1
ɤɦ3.. ȼɫɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ 15,4
ɤɦ3.
ȼ
ɝɪɹɞɭɳɟɦ
ɮɨɪɫ-ɦɚɠɨɪɟ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɛɟɡɵɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ
ɧɟ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ.
Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɩɟɪɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
,
(2)
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɬɟɪɢ,
ɧɟɲɬɚɬɧɵɟ
ɢ
ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɛɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɝɞɟ V X - ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ n ɥɟɬ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ , ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɢɠɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɞɪɟɧɚɠ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɞɨ ɝ.
ɞɪɟɧ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ, ɟɟ
ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ.
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ,
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɧɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɪɚɥɢ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ IJ =20, 40 ɢ 60 ɥɟɬ,
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
t0,95=1,98 ɢ Ʉ = 1,02 (IJ =20 ɥɟɬ), 1,13 (IJ =40 ɥɟɬ) ɢ 1,20 (IJ =60 ɥɟɬ) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɱɜ.
ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ [3].
ɉɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɜɥɚɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ,
ɜɥɚɝɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɦɵɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɱɜ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ
ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ
ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ. ɋ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɭ) ɜ 2 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɚ.
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɹɬ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɞɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɢɯ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ (ɚ ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɭ – ɷɬɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60 ɰ/ɝɚ.).
102
379
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɭ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɞɨ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 - Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɗȼȻ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ – Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XXI ɜ., ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ , ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ
ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ.
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ
ȼɚɯɲɚ ɢ ɉɹɧɞɠɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬ
ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜ
Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɦ
ɗȼȻ
ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɞɥɹ Ⱦɚɲɬɯɚɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɥɨɹɬɚ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
1914/1915-
1914/1915-
1914/1915-
1914/1915-
2000/2001 ɝɝ.
2020/2021 ɝɝ.
2040/2041 ɝɝ.
2060/2061 ɝɝ.
X ± t 95V X
X ± t 95 KV X
X ± t 95 KV X
X ± t 95 KV X
Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ
687±25
687±28
Ɉɫɚɞɤɢ, Ɋ
687±24
ɋɬɨɤ, R
229±18
ɂɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ, E
458±5
Ɉɫɚɞɤɢ, Ɋ
ɋɬɨɤ, R
679±36
166±11
ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ, ɬɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɂɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ, E
511±17
511±18
511±20
511±21
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ
693±27
693±31
693±33
ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜ ɛɟɡɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ʉɟɥɢɮɫɤɨɝɨ
Ɉɫɚɞɤɢ, Ɋ
ɋɬɨɤ, R
Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ Ʉɚɦɵ
693±28
253±19
253±20
253±22
253±24
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ, ɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɂɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ, E
441±12
441±13
441±14
441±15
Ɉɫɚɞɤɢ, Ɋ
ɋɬɨɤ, R
670±19
Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
670±20
670±23
670±24
190±13
190±14
190±15
190±16
ɂɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ, E
481±7
481±8
481±9
481±10
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ.
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ , ɟɫɥɢ Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ, Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
«ɭɬɹɠɟɥɢɬ»
ɢɞɟɸ «ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ». ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɪɹɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɜ 90% ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ , ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ
3
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ 16,5 ɤɦ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɞ. ɉɨ ɧɚɦɟɬɤɚɦ «ɫɯɟɦɵ…»
229±19
229±21
481±6
481±6
Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ
679±37
679±41
166±12
166±13
687±30
229±22
481±7
679±44
166±14
1984ɝ. ɜ ɝɨɞ 90% ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ 25,7 ɤɦ3 ɜ ɝɨɞ. Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜ 9 ɤɦ3
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 1 ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/1915 – 2060/2061 ɝɝ. (n=147 ɥɟɬ) ɜ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ «ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ». ɗɬɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ. ɇɵɧɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ 646 ɞɨ 694 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ (878 ɢ 944
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɪɮɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɭɛɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 206-
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ 0,5-1,5 ɦ ɢ ɪɟɠɟ 1,5-2,5ɦ. ɗɬɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ
174 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ (280 ɢ 237 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ), ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 491…471 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ
ɤɚɤ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ
(668 ɢ 640 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ).
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɯ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 2,2-2,5ɦ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɥɟɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
3,0ɦ. ɤɫɬɚɬɢ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ 3ɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ – ɧɟɬɬɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2011-2030 ɝɝ.
3
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 7-8,5 ɬɵɫ.ɦ /ɝɚ.
378
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ 176 ɞɨ 204 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ (239 ɢ 277 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ)– ɩɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ103
3
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ, ɨɬ 198 ɞɨ 205 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ (269 ɢ 279 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ) – ɩɨ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
(Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ 2007ɝ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɬɶ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ. Ʉɚɧɚɥ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɤɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. Ɂɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2041-2060 ɝɝ. ɧɨɪɦɚ
ɫɵɪɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɇɭɪɚɬɵ ɢ Ʉɭɥɶɞɠɭɤɬɚɭ, ɤɪɨɦɟ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ 174 ɢ ɞɨ 206 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ – ɩɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨ-
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɂɱɤɢɥɢɫɚɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɒɨɪɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ, ɨɬ 202 ɞɨ 217 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ - ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
1
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ (ɧɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ ɡɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ Ⱦɚɪɶɹɥɵɤɫɚɸ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɚ ɧɚ
(1914/15 – 2010/11 ɝɝ.) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 190 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ). Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɞɥɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɘɠɧɨɣ
ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ 2011-2030 ɝɝ. ɧɨɪɦɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ 17 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ, ɧɨ
Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɢɢ (ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɨ 1,5-2,0ɤɦ3).
ɤɦ3,
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ 14 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ 2041-2060 ɝɝ. ɪɨɫɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 27 ɦɦ/ɝɨɞ.
ɛɵɬɶ
ɢ
ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧ
ɩɪɨɣɬɢ
ɤ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ
ɩɨ
ɋɟɜɟɪɨɚɹɤɚɝɢɬɦɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ
ɩɨ
ɫɭɯɨɦɭ
ɪɭɫɥɭ
ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɟ
ɧɚɥɢɜɧɨɦɭ
Ⱦɚɪɶɹɥɵɤɫɚɹ.
ɉɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡ-ɡɚ 132ɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɱɟɬ
1. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɥɢɦɚɪɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ȽɊɗɋ
ɜ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥ. ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɣ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
ɫɜɨɟɣ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɷɬɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
Ɇɟɠɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɠɚɟɜ , ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
(ɆȽɗɂɄ). – ɀɟɧɟɜɚ, 2008. – 228 ɫ.
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɭ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
2. Ɋɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤ
ɋɋɋɊ. - Ʌ.: Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ., 1988. – 360 ɫ.
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ «ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ» Ɍɚɥɢɦɚɪɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ȽɊɗɋ ɜ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɯ.
3. ɋɟɦɺɧɨɜ ɋ.Ɇ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɍɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɜ Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ /ɋ.Ɇ. ɋɟɦɺɧɨɜ; ɨɬɜ. ɪɟɞ. ȼ.ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ,
ɤɚɧɚɥ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ [1]. ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
2005.
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦɢ
ɢ ɦɚɥɨɦɨɳɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɨ
ɛɟɫɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ȿɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɨɧɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ.
ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨ – ɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɨ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
104
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
377
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɤ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ Ʉɭɸɦɚɡɚɪɫɤɢɦ ɢ Ɍɭɞɚɤɭɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ ɧɚ
ɍȾɄ 626.823
ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚɯ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɤɟ. ɉɨ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ȽɂȾɊɈɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɅɈɌɄɂ ȾɅə ɄȺɇȺɅɈȼ
ȼɈȾɈɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɤɟ.
ɄɍɒȿɊ Ⱥ.Ɇ., ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯ. ɧɚɭɤ
ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ (ɎȽȻɇɍ «ȼɇɂɂȽɢɆ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ»),
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɊɎ
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɜɨɬɵ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɒɨɪɫɚɣɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ. ȼ
ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɚ Ʉɡɵɥ-ɬɟɩɚɏɚɪɯɭɪɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɭɫɟ ɜɵɧɨɫɚ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ (ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ.ɇ.ɏɚɞɠɢɛɚɟɜɚ, 2006ɝ.).
ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɟɳɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɇɨ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɤɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ Ⱦɟɧɝɢɡɤɭɥɶ ɢ ɋɭɥɬɚɧɞɚɝ
ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɋɭɞɨɱɶɟ – ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ. ɇɵɧɟ ɷɬɢ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɨɬɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɢɡ
ɧɢɯ.
ɉɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɢɯ (ɩɨ ɨɩɵɬɭ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ɍɭɞɚɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ) ɜ
ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ , ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɣ.
ɉɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɋɭɞɨɱɶɟ
ɜ
ɧɚɥɢɜɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɥɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ Ⱥɞɠɢɛɚɣ. Ɂɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ, ɩɨɞɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ ɋɭɞɨɱɶɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɩɪɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɬɚɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɞɥɹ
ɧɢɡɨɜɢɣ
ɜ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤ
Ɍɭɹɦɭɸɧɫɤɨɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ 3-4 ɤɦ3
ɉɪɢ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɢ
ɜ
ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
Ʉɭɸɦɚɡɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢ
Ɍɭɞɚɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢɡ Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ,
376
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ (ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɥɨɬɤɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ. ɂɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɩɨɞɩɨɪ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ) ɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɢ,
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɹɞɚ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ
ɇɚɜɶɟ–ɋɬɨɤɫɚ ɜ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ Bos’a [2,5].
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 1…2 %.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɨɬɨɤ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ,
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.
Abstract
To measure flow rate in open canals, hydrometric structures are widely used in
the world. The most perfect in respect to interplay between structures and channel are
critical depth flumes. They have a small upstream lift, a high submergence limit (if
correctly selected) and the ability to operate without the initial calibration.
At present there are no analytical research methods of interdependence of a
canal and a flow-measuring structure. It concerns influence of the structure on
105
upstream lift and sedimentation, and conversely influence of the channel hydraulics
on discharge characteristic and measurement range of the structure. This paper briefly
describes the developed method, algorithms and software capability.
The developed software tools a based on CFD and M.G. Bos’s method of flow
treatment in flumes [2,5]. The flow-measuring flumes worked out on the given
hydraulic parameters of the canal and a structure are presented. The difference
between calculated and experiment data is about 1 – 2%. Thanks to high reliability
the developed method and software tools can be used for designing or repeated
calibration of the existing flow-measuring structures.
ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɤɜɨɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ 1996ɝ. ɜ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɷɤɫɬɟɪɧɚɥɢɹɦ.
Ɍɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ
ɢ
ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɤɫɬɟɪɧɚɥɢɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɢɯ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ
ɪɹɞɭ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ .
Keywords: hydrometry, flow-measuring structure, discharge curve, calculation
error
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɤ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɪɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɺɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɬ.ɞ.
ɢɡ
Ɉɞɧɚ
ɧɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧ
ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ
,
ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ (ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ). Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ. Ɂɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɜɨɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɩɚ «Ɏɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ», ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. ȼ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɳɟ ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɝɨ (ɞɨɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ) ɜ
XIX ɜɟɤɟ Ⱥ.Ƚ.Ⱥɧɧɟɧɤɨɜɵɦ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ
ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ, ɞɚɥɟɟ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ.
Ȼ.Ⱦ.Ʉɨɪɠɚɜɢɧɵɦ Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɨ
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɛɟɡɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɜ Ʉɟɥɢɮɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ.
(Ɇ.Ƚ.Ƚɭɥɹɟɜ, «ɋɪɟɞɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɥɨɩɨɤ», ).
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɪɹɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɟɡɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɵɣ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ
ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ
ɜ
Ʉɟɥɢɮɫɤɨɦ
ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɦ..
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ʉɟɥɢɮɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɫ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 220 ɦɥɧ.ɦ3 , ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 14ɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨ.
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ƚɗɋ 480 Ɇȼɬ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɇɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɞɟɥ , ɩɪɟɞɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ
ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ
ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɧɵɧɟ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɭ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɪɚɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ,
ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ, ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɯɨɬɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɤ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ – ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɯ,
ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ.
ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ȼɚɯɲɭ ɢ ɉɹɧɞɠɭ. ɇɵɧɟ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ
106
375
ɍȾɄ [528.9:577.4:681.3:631.6]
ȼɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɵ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɨɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɨɞɩɨɪ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ
ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ ȼɈȾɈɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ
ɛɶɟɮɚ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɃ ɇȺ ȺɆɍȾȺɊɖȿ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɉɚɪɲɚɥɥɚ, ɥɨɬɤɨɜ ɋȺɇɂɂɊɂ, ɜɨɞɨɫɥɢɜɨɜ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɦ
ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
(S<=0,5…0,6), ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ
Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɨ-ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ Ȼ.Ȼ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɡɟɦɝɟɨɞɟɡɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ,
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɉɚɪɲɚɥɥɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ 5% [1].
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧ
ɧɚ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ
ɜ
ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɉɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɬɤɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ. ɂɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɩɨɞɩɨɪ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ
ɛɶɟɮɚ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
(ɩɪɢ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ) ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ.
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ: ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ
Summary:
In article functionality of water management systems of the coastal countries
ISO ɦɟɬɨɞ Ackers’a ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɦɟɬɨɞ Bos’a [2,3]. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
on Amu Darya in new geopolitical and economic conditions is analyzed.
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ISO, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɹɞɟ ɧɟɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
Problems of drinking water supply in the region and a way of their decision are
ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ
looked through.
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ [4]. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ) ɡɚɤɨɧɚ
ɢ
ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɯ,
ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɵɯ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɢ ɛ) ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ
ɧɚ
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ (Fr =1) ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɵ. ɗɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ
ɨɬ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɜ ISO TC-113 ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɪɚɩɟɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ U-
ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɹɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɡɨɧɵ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ.
ɥɨɬɤɨɜ.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ; ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɧɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɇɚɜɶɟ–ɋɬɨɤɫɚ, ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨ ɪɟɤɚɦ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɵ ɩɨɤɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ VOF (Volume-Of-Fluid) ɜ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ
374
107
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ
8. Ɍ.ɘ.Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ, Ⱥ.ɉɪɢɦɨɜ, Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɧɢɦɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.// ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɢɣ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ
Bos’a [5,6].
Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɮɭɡɨɪɟ (ɜ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ, 2009ɝ.,ʋ2, ɫ.27-28.
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ) ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ
9. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., ɏɚɥɦɚɬɨɜ Ⱥ.ɒ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɫɱɟɬ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ƚɂɋ-
ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɟɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ//Ɋroceedings of the IVth Central Asian Geotechnical Symposium (IVth
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ.
CAGS) ‘Geo-Engineering for Construction and Constrvation of Cultural Heritage and
Ʉɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɥɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ
ɢ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ
ɨɬ
ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɟɧɨɤ.
ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ,
Historical Sites’? Samarkand 21-23 September 2012., ɪ273-274.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ (ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɵ). ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɬɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ [5,7].
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ (Fr>1) ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ. ɇɢɠɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɥɨɬɤɚ, ɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ– ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ
ɤɚɧɚɥɟ
ɧɚ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ,
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ
ɢɥɢ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 10…20%.
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ
ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɥɨɬɤɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦ
ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɦɚɥɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɤɥɨɧɨɦ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɭɤɥɨɧɚ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ I= 0,00005…0,0005.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɪɹɞ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɨɬɨɤ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ
108
373
ɧɚ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
Ⱦɠɚɥɬɵɪɛɚɫ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
–
ɩɨɞɧɨɠɢɟ
ɜɟɪɫɢɢ
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɱɢɧɤɚ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɍɫɬɸɪɬɚ.
ȼ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɵɛɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ –
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ.
ɛɢɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ ɫɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ ɨɬ
3
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 3-4ɤɦ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
10-12
3
ɝ/ɞɦ .
Ɍɚɤɨɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ,
ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ,
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 3000-4000 ɤɦ2.
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ. ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ɥɨɬɤɚ – 0,8 hɫ, ɝɞɟ hc – ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ: ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɨ ɞɧɭ Bc =0,4
ɦ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ mc =1,5, ɭɤɥɨɧ Ic = 0,00005, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɩɨ Ɇɚɧɧɢɧɝɭ n= 0,015. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ n ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ
1. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., ɒɟɪɮɟɬɞɢɧɨɜ Ʌ.Ɂ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ «ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ–
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ƚɂɋ-
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ». ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɥɨɬɤɚ: Bt = 0; mt= 1,9529; ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ pt=0,58 ɦ.
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ//Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ 7. ȼɨɞɚ – ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 0,06
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ:ɉɊɈɈɇ,2007,128 ɫɬɪ.
ɦ.
2. Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɜɚ ɋ.ɗ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɟɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ /Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ, 1975, 116 ɫɬɪ.
3. ɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɪ.
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ:
ɋɜɨɞɧɚɹ
ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ,
ɋɪɟɞɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɥɨɩɨɤ, 1984, 372 ɫ.
4. ɒɭɥɶɰ ȼ.Ʌ. Ɋɟɤɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ. - Ʌ.: Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɢɡɞɚɬ. 1965. - 285 ɫ.
5.
ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ
Ʌ.Ɂ.
Ʉɨɦɩɟɧɞɢɭɦ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɤɜɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ//ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2011, ʋ3, ɫ.47-55.
6. ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ Ʌ.Ɂ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ,ɋȺȽɍ, 1958,
117ɫ.
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ». Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 4 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2012ɝ. Ƚɉ «ɇɂɂɆɊ», 2012ɝ.ɫ.137-139.
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ,
7. ȼɨɞɚ – ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ:
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ
ɉɊɈɈɇ, 2007, 128 ɫɬɪ.
372
109
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ⱥɤɱɚɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɣ, ɏɨɪɟɡɦ-ɋɚɪɵɤɚɦɵɲɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɥɶɬ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɶɢ,
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɩɨɞɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ Ɍɭɹɦɭɸɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɭ, ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɣ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ (ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ). Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɬɚɧɚ. ɋɥɚɛɟɟ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɭ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ
Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɚɡɢɫɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɚɩɟɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ,
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ. ɑɢɫɥɨ
ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ.
ɥɨɬɤɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ.
Ɂɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ, ɢɥɢ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɢɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɟɪ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɦɟɪ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ, ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɟɳɟ ɜ 80-ɯ
ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ
(a)
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
(b)
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɨɬɨɤ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ,
ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɢ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ: ɚ- ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, b- ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɚ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɚɫɫɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ –
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ. Ʉɚɧɚɥ: Bc=1,5 ɦ; mc=2; Ic= 0,0005; n=0,015. Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɨɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ – ɟɝɨ
ɥɨɬɨɤ: Bt=2,862 ɦ; mc=1,0308; pt=0,42 ɦ.
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ –
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɫɭɯɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ Ⱥɤɱɚɞɚɪɶɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ – ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ.
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ. ɗɬɨ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, – ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ Q= f(hȼȻ) ɢ ɟɺ
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɬ
ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɥɟɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɥɟɫɨɩɨɥɨɫ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
110
371
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɋɭɪɯɚɧɞɚɪɶɢ. ɇɚ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ ɜ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ).
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ
ɫɥɭɠɚɬ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ɍɭɹɦɭɸɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɟɫɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɤ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ) ɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɚ ɜ ɦɟɠɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ.
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ, ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ. ɉɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɫ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɨɛɳɟɣ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ.
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚɦ: ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɛɫɨɯɲɟɟ ɞɧɨ Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɭɸ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɸ ɫ
ɉɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɜ
ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɚɦɢ. «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ» ɞɟɥɶɬɚ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɬɨɤ ɫ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɨɣ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 3
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɟɣ ɫ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ
ɟɟ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɩɟɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɨɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɵɦɢ ɨɡɟɪɚɦɢ, ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɚɦɢ.
ȼ
(Bc=0,4 ɦ; mc=1; Ic= 0,0005). ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɥɨɬɤɚ – 0,5 ɦ.
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 400 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ ɜ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɦ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ
ɛɵɥɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 3-15 ɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɥɢ
ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ. ɇɵɧɟ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ «ɩɭɯɥɹɤɢ» ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɮɨɪɦɵ «ɫɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɩɨɪɨɜ». ɇɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ
ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɪɮɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɭɝɨɞɶɹɯ – ɷɬɨ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ, ɱɚɳɟ –
ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɚɹ. Ⱦɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – ɦɚɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ, ɚ ɢɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɨ
ɜ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɜ ɦɟɠɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɤ
ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. ȼ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɯ ɮɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɢɧɚɥ
Ɋɢɫ.3. ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɨɜɚ
ɫɨɥɟɜɚɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɩɨɞɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ Ɍɚɯɢɚɬɚɲɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɭ.
370
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɧɚ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
111
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɨ 1…2% [5,7].
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ – Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɜ ɟɟ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
0,9…0,95,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ Ɇɂ 2406-97) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Smax=0.7…0.75. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ
ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɩɨɜɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ.
ɡɚɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ȼ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ
ɡɚɤɪɵɥɤɨɜ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡɨɬɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɭ
ɜɢɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ – ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧɚ ɢ Ʉɚɲɤɚɞɚɪɶɢ, Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
Lcon /dB=2..3 (dB –ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɢ Ɍɭɪɬɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɚɡɢɫɨɜ, ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɡɟɪ
ɢ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɵ) ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɦɟɠɞɭɪɟɱɶɹ, ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ –
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɝɨɥɭɛɚɹ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɫɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɥɢɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2ɚ).
Ɇɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɚ ɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦ, ɤɚɤ
ɇɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɥɨɬɤɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ 7 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
3
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ 5 ɦ /ɫ, ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ȼɇɂɂȽɢɆ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɫɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹɯ, ɜ ɪɵɛɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ, ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ⱦɥɹ
Ⱦɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɟ ɧɚ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɪɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ Ʉɚɪɚɛɭɞɚɯɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɍɈɋ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ Ɉɤɬɹɛɪɶɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɞɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ.
ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ (ɪɢɫ.4) [8]. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɥɨɬɤɚ: Bc= 1,7 ɦ; mc=2; Hc= 2,4 ɦ;
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ
Bt=0,62 ɦ; mt=0,8; pt=0,2 ɦ; Lcon=4,5 ɦ; Lt=2,9 ɦ; Ldiv=9,5 ɦ (Lcon, Lt , Ldiv - ɞɥɢɧɚ
ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ, ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ).
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɭɩɚɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɧɚɫɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ-ɪɟɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɫɬɨɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɭɠɞɵ,
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɣ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ). ȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɟɧ.
ɇɚ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɜɲɚɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝ.
ɏɚɬɵɪɱɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɭɠ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ Ⱦɚɦɯɨɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɭ, ɧɢɠɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɵɧɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ɉɩɵɬɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ
ɇɨɜɨɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ. ɉɨ ɪɭɫɥɭ Ʉɚɲɤɚɞɚɪɶɢ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ 50 ɥɟɬ ɡɚ
ɧɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɄɈɊ ɜ Ⱦɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɟ
112
ɧɢɠɧɢɦ ɛɶɟɮɨɦ ɑɢɦɤɭɪɝɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɬɟɤɭɬ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ.
369
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ [2] ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ (ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ) ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 20-
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ «ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ-ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ» ɫ
25% ɨɬ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ [3]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɬɭɲɤɢ ȽɆɐɆ Ɇɢɤɪɨ –01. Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
3
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ 4,9-6,8 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ.
ɧɚɩɨɪ h=0,7 ɦ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɫɹ 2-ɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋ
a) ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɟɤɚɯ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ
1996ɝ. ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɹ (Q1=1,023 ɦ3/c) ɢ b) ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦ ɧɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɞɥɹ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɹɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɇɂ 1759–87(Q2= 0,995 ɦ3/c).
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
(1996ɝ.) ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɩɪɢɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɥɨɬɨɤ ɫ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɟɣ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɜɧɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ. ɉɨ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ – ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɹ
3
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɢɬɟɤɚɥɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 63,1 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ
ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɢ ɜ ɝɨɞ 90 % ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ – 47-48 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ [2-5].
(XOZ). Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ įQ1 = 4%,
ɉɪɢɬɨɤ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɜ
3
įQ2=1,4 %.
3
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɫ 47-48 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ ɞɨ 24-25 ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ. ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɞɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɜɨɬ 7 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɜ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹɯ ɧɟ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɥɢɦɢɬɨɜ
ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ [3]. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 2,0-5,0 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ
ɧɢɡɨɜɢɣ
ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ
ɫɬɚɥɨ
ɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ.
ȼ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɞɥɹ
ɱɟɝɨ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ
ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ
Ɋɢɫ. 5. ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ,
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ [1,7]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4
ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɬɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ, ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ,
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɉɨ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɭ,
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
368
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɟɝɨ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ
113
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ, ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɳɟɪɛɨɜ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ.
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɳɟɪɛɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɥɚ (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ n ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ h–Q).
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ
Ɍɭɹɦɭɸɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɫɧɢɧɵ, ɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨ ɧɵɧɟ Ɍɭɹɱɭɸɧɫɤɨɦɭ
ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ ɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬ ɏɨɪɟɡɦɫɤɭɸ ɢ Ɍɭɪɬɤɭɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ, ɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɟɟ –
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ
«ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ» ɞɟɥɶɬɭ [2-5]. ȼ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ȼ.Ⱥ.ɒɭɥɶɰɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɡɨɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ, ɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ – ɡɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ,
ɞɥɹ
ɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɨɬɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ Ʉɟɥɢɮɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ
ɤɪɭɝɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɣ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
[4].
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɜ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɨ «ɫɥɟɩɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɚɦɢ» - Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ ɢ Ʉɚɲɤɚɞɚɪɶɹ. ɉɨ-
1. Steven J. Wright; Blake P. Tullis; Tamara M. Long. Recalibration of Parshall
ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɜɨɞɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɜɩɚɞɚɥɢ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ ɜ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ
flumes at low discharges. J. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 1994; 120(2):348-
ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ
362
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɤɨɜ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ
2. Ackers P., White W.R., Perkins T.A., Harrison A.J. Weirs and Flumes for Flow
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɢɲɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ - ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ.
Measurement. Chichester- New York- Brisbane- Toronto, John Wiley and Sons, 1978
ɋɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
3. Bos M.G., Replogle S.A., Clemmens A.J. Flow Measuring Flumes in Open
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
Channel Systems. Chichester- New York- Brisbane- Toronto- Singapore, John Wiley
ɰɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ Ⱥɦɭ-
and Sons, 1984
Ʉɚɪɚɤɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɢɣ, Ʉɚɪɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɇɚɜɨɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɫ
4. ISO 4359 “Liquid flow measurement in open channels – Rectangular trapezoidal
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɢɡ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ – 10,5-11,7 ɤɦ3 /ɝɨɞ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ –
and U-shaped flumes”. – Geneva, ISO, 1980. Ɋɟɜɢɡɢɹ: ISO 4359:2013.
6,1-6,8 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 16,6-18,5 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ.
ȼɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɢɡ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ - ɜ Ɍɭɪɬɤɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɨɚɡɢɫ ɢ
5. Ʉɭɲɟɪ Ⱥ.Ɇ. «Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ», ɇɌɈ, ȼɇɂɂȽɢɆ, 2011.
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɬɚɧ – ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 7,8-8,5 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ
6. Ʉɭɲɟɪ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɬɤɚ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɟ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 24,4-27,0 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ 18,3-20,2 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ.
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ», ɱɚɫɬɶ 4 «ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ: ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ», ɆȽɍɉ, Ɇ., 2011, ɫ. 176- 183
114
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ, ɫɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦ [3] ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
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7. Ʉɭɲɟɪ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɨɣ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ // “Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ”. ɘɛɢɥɟɣɧɵɣ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ, ɬ.2, Ɇ. 2004,ɫ.105-115.
8. ɇɌɈ "Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɭɱɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ". Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ȼɇɂɂȽɢɆ, 2004
ɍȾɄ 574.5 (282.247.42)
ɌɊȺɇɋȽɊȺɇɂɑɇɕȿ ȼɈȾɈɌɈɄɂ ɁȺɉȺȾɇɈȽɈ ɄȺɁȺɏɋɌȺɇȺ
ɂ ɆȿɀȾɍɇȺɊɈȾɇɈȿ ɋɈɌɊɍȾɇɂɑȿɋɌȼɈ
Ɇ.Ʉ. Ɉɧɚɟɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɢɦɟɧɢ ɀɚɧɝɢɪ ɯɚɧɚ.
ɝ. ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ. Ⱦɚɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
. Ɉɧɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɫɵɯɚɸɬ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɹ ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɝɟɤɬɚɪɨɜ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ. ɋɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɪɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɵ ɢ ɞɢɤɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ. ɗɬɢ
The article presents data on hydrological and hydrochemical regimes of
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
Transboundary Watercourses Western Kazakhstan. The analysis of opportunities for
ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ
international cooperation on the use of water sources.
ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ 10-15 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɧ ɫɨɥɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɜɵɧɨɫ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ
ɫɛɪɨɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɪɭɫɥɨ Ⱥɤɱɚɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɛɨɥɨɬɧɨ-ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɚɠɟ
ɇɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɚ ɨɬ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɩɨɱɜɨɝɪɭɧɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ [1].
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-
Ɋɟɤɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɚ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ
ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɭɛɨɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɢ ɨɧ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɫ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ
366
115
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȼ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɟɧɶɸ ɫ ɪɟɞɤɢɦɢ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚɦɢ [2].
0.17 ɝɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ
ɋɬɨɤ ɪɟɤ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ. ȼ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɧɢɸ.
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ 3-5 ɪɚɡ, ɜ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ ɢ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ
ɝɨɞɵ
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɱɟɪɬɨɣ
ɤɪɚɣɧɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ
ɯɨɞɚ
ɧɢɡɤɢɦ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɨɤɚ.
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɯɨɬɧɵɯ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɤ
ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɢɧ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɢ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ.
ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ – ɍɪɚɥ, Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɢ, ɂɥɟɤ, ɒɚɝɚɧ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɚɤ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɤɚɦɢ.
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ –
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ» ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ «Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ
ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ».
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
«ȼɨɞɧɚɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ,
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɚ ɍɪɚɥ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪ. ɍɪɚɥ ɜ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ [1].
Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ.
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 761 ɤɦ. ȼ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪ. ɍɪɚɥ ɢɦɟɟɬ
2
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ 116678 ɤɦ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ 220000 ɤɦ .
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɫɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɍɪɚɥ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɭ «Ʉɭɲɭɦ» ɡɚ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɴɟɦɨɤ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɍɪɚɥ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɭ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ
ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ).
«Ʉɭɲɭɦ» (ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɰɟɧɬɪɚ)
Ƚɨɞ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɞɨ 1995 ɝɨɞɚ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɡɚ 1995-2000
ɝɨɞɵ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɫɦ
181
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ, ɦ3/ɫ
302
Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ
9,5
166
250
7,25
227
366
11,5
116
ɢ
365
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ
(ɪɢɫ.1.
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ
ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɍȾɄ [528.9:577.4:681.3:55.011.56]
ɡɚ 2001-2005
ɝɨɞɵ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
153,2
ɡɚ 2006-2010
ɝɨɞɵ
2011 ɝ.
162
2012 ɝ.
142
2013 ɝ.
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ 2006 ɩɨ 2012
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ɋɈɅȿȼɈȽɈ ɋɌɈɄȺ ɁȿɆȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ
ɉɊȺȼɈȻȿɊȿɀɖə Ɋ.ȺɆɍȾȺɊɖɂ
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ Ȼ.Ȼ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɡɟɦɝɟɨɞɟɡɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ,
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ [3]. ȼ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ȼ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ
ɍɪɚɥ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɨɬ ɩ. əɧɜɚɪɰɟɜɨ ɞɨ ɩ. Ʉɭɲɭɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ 734 ɞɨ 335 ɦɝ/ɞɦ3
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɨɛɳɚɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ 7,9 ɞɨ 4,5 ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ/ɥ, ɪɇ – ɨɬ 7,91
ɞɨ 7,9. ȼ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ 696 ɞɨ 663
ɦɝ/ɞɦ3, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦ, ɨɛɳɚɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ 6,7 ɞɨ 6,8
ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ/ɥ, ɪɇ – ɨɬ 8,15 ɞɨ 7,91. ȼɨɞɚ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɚɹ. ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
Summary:
ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɪ. ɍɪɚɥ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ
Scientific and technical bases of the scheme of networks on removal of salts
which is actual, socially, economically and ecologically significant for the Republic
of Uzbekistan are covered in article. Realization of networks on removal of salts will
promote rational use of water resources, a sustainable development of agriculture in
the Republic of Uzbekistan in the conditions of deficiency of water resources and
deterioration of their quality.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫɬɨɹɬ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ. ȼ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 10%,
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ
ɨɫɬɪɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɢɡ
ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ. ɉɪɢ
364
203
6,4
182
5,75
7,89
ɝɨɞɵ ɢɦɟɥ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ.
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ
6,55
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 7,89 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɞɚɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 90% ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
225,8
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧ – 52 % ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭ Ʉɭɲɭɦ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɚɝɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɞɨ 53 % ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ, ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ. ȼ ɪɟɤɟ ɍɪɚɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɯɥɨɪɢɞ-ɢɨɧɚ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ 25-32 % ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ, ɥɟɬɨɦ – 33 % ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ. ɋɪɟɞɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Crɨɛɳ ɢ Cr+6. ȼ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɍɪɚɥ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨ-ɫɭɥɮɚɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨ-ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɵɣ. ȼ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɜɨɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨ-ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɚɹ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɨ-ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨ-ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɚɹ.
Ɋɟɤɚ ɂɥɟɤ, ɫ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɜ 1085 ɤɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɦ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɦ ɪɟɤɢ ɍɪɚɥ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɜ 41300 ɤɦ2 ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ
117
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 40
3
ɦ /ɫ. Ɂɚ 2011 ɝɨɞ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɩɨɫɬɭ ɧ.ɩ. ɑɢɥɢɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ
ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ», Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 2008ɝ., ɫ.78-83.
3
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 169 ɫɦ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ 23,6 ɦ /ɫ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ 0,74
4. ɇ.Ƚ.Ⱦɚɜɪɚɧɨɜ, Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ. ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ,
ɤɦ3. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɡɚ 2012 ɝɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 165 ɫɦ,
ɂȼɉ. Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ 2006, 86ɫ.
3
3
23,7 ɦ /ɫ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ 749 ɦɥɧ. ɦ . Ⱦɥɹ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ
5. əɤɭɛɨɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ
3
ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɭ ɧ.ɩ. ɑɢɥɢɤ – 442 ɦɥɧ. ɦ . Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ ɋɵɪɞɚɪɶɢ ɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɯ ɜɨɞ.
3
ɂɥɟɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 642 ɦɝ/ɞɦ , ɨɛɳɚɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ 8,2 ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ/ɥ, ɪɇ – ɨɬ 8,25.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨ-ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɣ
ɧɚɭɤ. Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 1997ɝ.
ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨ-ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɵɣ.
ɋɪɟɞɢ
ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɟɤ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ
ɧɚɪɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ,
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɢ.
Ɋɟɤɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɢ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɛɟɪɭɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɫ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ
ɋɵɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ Ɂɚɜɨɥɠɶɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɟɤɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ 650 ɤɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 280 ɤɦ. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɤɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɁɄɈ 144 ɤɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ 14300 ɤɜ. ɤɦ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 5429 ɤɜ. ɤɦ. Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ: ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 59,7 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3/ɝɨɞ. Ɂɚ 2011 ɝɨɞ ɩɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɩɨɫɬɭ ɫ. ɀɚɥɩɚɤɬɚɥ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 595 ɫɦ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ 5,59 ɦ3/ɫ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ
0,18 ɤɦ3. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɡɚ 2012 ɝɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, 579
ɫɦ, 5,07 ɦ3/ɫ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ 160 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3.
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ 261 ɞɨ 2903
3
ɦɝ/ɞɦ , ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɚɛɨɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ. ɉɟɪɦɚɧɝɚɧɚɬɧɚɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɜɟɫɧɨɣ – 6,56 ɦɝ/ɞɦ3, ɥɟɬɨɦ – 6,4 ɦɝ/ɞɦ3. ɋɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ
ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɟɫɧɚɹ, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ
ɥɟɬɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɶɤɨ-ɫɨɥɺɧɨɣ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ.
118
363
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɉȾɄ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɯɪɨɦɚ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ;
Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ-ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ. ɉɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
x ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɩɨ
ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɦ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ.
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɝɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ. ɉɨ
ɫɨɥɟɜɨɦɭ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨ-ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɣ
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɨ-ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɵɣ.
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ Ʉɭɪɥɨɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨ-
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɨ-ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɞɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɵɣ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ:
ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨ-ɤɚɥɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɤ «ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ», ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 638 ɤɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ 390 ɤɦ. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ;
ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɤɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɁɄɈ – 209 ɤɦ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ 13200 ɤɜ. ɤɦ,
x ɇɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɨ ɤɜɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ
ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɁɄɈ 6773 ɤɜ. ɤɦ. Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɞ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞfɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 29,8 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3/ɝɨɞ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ ɭ ɫ. Ȼɨɫɬɚɧɞɵɤ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 38,5 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ;
ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ. ȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ
x ɇɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɨɤ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ 40,75 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɢ 69 ɩɪɭɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ
4,83 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɪɚɜɧɚ 6 ɤɜ. ɤɦ.
ȼ ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɝɨɞɵ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ
ɨɬ
258
ɞɨ
1875
ɦɝ/ɞɦ3,
ɨɬ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ
ɞɨ
ɫɥɚɛɨɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɨɬ 7,20 ɞɨ 7,65, ɚ
1. ȼɨɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ./Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɉɊɈɈɇ,
ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɢɫɶ 7,6-8,50. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ – ɨɬ 3,30
2007ɝ, 128ɫ.
ɞɨ 14,2 ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ/ɥ. Ɇɭɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɤɢ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ, ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
2.
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ,
Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ,Ɍ.ɘ.Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ.
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
0,52 ɦɝ/ɥ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ȼ ɪɟɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɜɟɫɧɨɣ – 20,0 ɦɝ/ɞɦ3, ɥɟɬɨɦ – 308,0 ɦɝ/ɞɦ3. ȼ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɯɥɨɪɢɞ-ɢɨɧɚ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ. ȼɵɩɭɫɤ 5.
ɧɢɬɪɢɬɨɜ, ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ, ɢɨɧɨɜ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɢ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɬ,
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ-
Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ 2012, ɫ.403-409..
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ȼ ɪɟɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
3. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ Ɍ.ɘ., Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ȼ., ɍɦɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɯɪɨɦɚ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɲɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɉȾɄ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ
//Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
Ƚɂɋ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɞ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«Ɋɨɥɶ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ-ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ȼɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɩɨ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
362
119
ɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨ-ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɦɭ
x ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɭ ɩɨɱɜ
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɨ-ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ. ȼ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɧɨ-ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ.
ɢ ɫɦɵɜ ɫɨɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɧɵɯ ɢ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ
ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɸ;
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɊɎ, ɝɞɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ (ɧɚ 95
x Ɂɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ
%) ɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ. ȼ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɪɟɤɚɦ ɢɡ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɨ ɜ ɊɄ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 440 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3/ɝɨɞ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ
ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɭɝɨɞɢɣ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
,
ɧɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɥɢɦɚɧ Ȼɚɭɛɟɤ ɢ Ⱥɣɞɚɪɯɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɦɚɧɵ. ȼɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɛɟɫɩɥɨɬɢɧɧɵɣ, ɫɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɵɣ.
x Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɝɚ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɯ 12 ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ
3
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ʉɚɦɵɲ-ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɢɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ
23000ɦ /ɝɚ)
ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ [4].
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ.
ɤɚɫɤɚɞ
ɢɡ
ɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ ɜ «ɜɨɞɨɝɨɥɢɤɚ»;
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɣ 0,9 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ, 25,9 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɥɢɦɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ 445 ɬɵɫ.
ɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
x ɋɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ȼɨɥɠɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɜ ɪ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɨɬ
ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ;
ɋɚɪɵɱɚɝɚɧɚɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ⱥɣɞɚɪɯɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ-ɍɡɟɧɶɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɦɚɧɨɜ,
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɥɚɛɨɣ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
x Ɂɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɨɫɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɟɤɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ, ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
Ɇɚɥɨ-ɍɡɟɧɫɤɭɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ;
ɇɚ ɪɟɤɟ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ-ɍɡɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ȼ
ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ
ɜɨɞɵ
(15000ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
4
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ȼɚɪɜɨɥɨɦɟɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, Ʉɚɡɬɚɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ʋ1, Ʉɚɡɬɚɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ʋ2,
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
Ɇɚɦɚɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɪɟɤɚ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ȼɚɪɮɨɥɨɦɟɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɦɚɧɨɜ, ɥɢɦɚɧɨɜ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɢɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ȿɟ
1 Ʉɚɡɬɚɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ 2 Ʉɚɡɬɚɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɇɚɦɚɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ, ɥɢɦɚɧɨɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ:
ɋɨɤɪɵɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɢɡ
ȼɚɪɮɨɥɨɦɟɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
x ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɭɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɠɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨ
ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ
ɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɥɚ
ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ:
ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɣ 1,8 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ, 44
x ɂɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ
ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɥɢɦɚɧɧɨɝɨ, 327 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ, ɧɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɯ 13 ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 17 ɬɵɫ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɚ, ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɦɚɹ ɢɡ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
x Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ȼɨɥɝɢ. ɉɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɸɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɉɚɥɥɚɫɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ)
120
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
«ɫɭɯɨɣ ɞɪɟɧɚɠ» ɢ ɬ.ɞ.:
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ 8 ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɚɯ ɀɚɧɵɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɫ
ɡɜɟɧɶɹɯ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɫ
ɪɹɞɨɦ
361
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ
ɨɬ
«ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ»
ɦ3 /$880 ɋɒȺ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ – ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ, ɩɨ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ,
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ. ȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ, ɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɀɚɧɵɛɟɤɫɤɚɹ ɈɈɋ.
ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
,
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɧɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɧɟ
ɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɯɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɢɡɴɹɧɚɯ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɋ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɢ.
ɢɯ
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɀɚɧɵɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ.
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɀɚɧɵɛɟɤɫɤɚɹ ɈɈɋ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɚ 1,5 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɥɢɦɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ 489,3
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɫɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ – ɷɬɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ.
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. Ɉɧ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ: ɩɨ ɪɟɤɟ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ
– 107 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɩɨ ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ – 74,1 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3, ɚ ɜ ɀɚɧɢɛɟɤɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ
ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 70 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɉɚɥɥɚɫɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ [2-4].
ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɇɨ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɭɠɟ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ 90-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɨɞɨɣ – ɠɢɡɧɟɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ – ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɫɟ .ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ.
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨ
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɞ , ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ Ɇɢɧɜɨɞɯɨɡɚ ɋɋɋɊ ɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ 242 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɜɡɚɦɟɧ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ.
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ:
x ȼ
ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɢ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɨɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ
ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɭɝɨɞɢɣ;
x Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (0,9-1,7ɰ. ɯɥɨɩɤɚ/100ɦ3) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ;
x ɇɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 90%
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ;
x ɇɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɭɝɨɞɢɣ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢ
ɜ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɏɟɥɶɫɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɡɟɪ
(ɏɟɥɶɫɢɧɤɢ,
17
ɦɚɪɬɚ
1992
ɝ.),
ɪɚɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ 1993 ɝ ɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɜ 2000 ɝ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɋɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɊɄ ɢ ɊɎ ɨɬ 27 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 1992 ɝ «Ɉ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ».
ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ;
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɋ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɊɎ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢ ɜ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨ-ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɪɟɤɭ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 68 %
ɨɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨ-ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɝɨ, ɚ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɍɡɟɧɶ – ɜɫɟɝɨ 39 %. Ɍɚɤɚɹ
ɪɟɡɤɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ (ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ) ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ
360
121
ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ 20 ɥɟɬ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɨ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɬɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɭɳɟɪɛɵ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ
ɢ
ɫ
ɬɟɦ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɞɪ.
ȼ
ɜ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ,
ɩɪɟɞɞɜɟɪɢɢ
ɧɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɢɪɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɲɨɤɚ,
ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ,
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɍɪɚɥɨ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ.
ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ [1]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɨɬ 12.10.1991ɝ. ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɡ
ɉɚɥɚɫɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
1991
ɉɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ
ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɜ:
- ɪ. Ɇ. ɍɡɟɧɶ
- ɪ. Ȼ. ɍɡɟɧɶ
ɉɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ
ɉɚɥɚɫɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ
ɀɚɧɵɛɟɤɫɤɭɸ
ɈɈɋ
2000
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ , ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
Ƚɨɞɵ
2005
2009
2010
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
18.02.1992ɝ.,
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
«ɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ», ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ
55,3
19,6
7,31
-
20,32
-
37,14
33,86
46,0
38,4
34,0
11,78
16,3
26,0
30,0
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ «ɋɪɟɞɚɡɝɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɯɥɨɩɨɤ» ɜ 1984ɝ. (Ƚɂɉ Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜ Ƚ.Ɇ.) ɢ
«Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ», ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɛɢɧɟɬɨɦ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɋɋɋɊ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ 1991ɝ. (Ƚɂɉ ɏɨɫɪɨɜɹɧɰ ɂ.Ʌ.) ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɥɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ʉɚɡɬɚɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɀɚɧɝɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɀɚɧɢɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɁɄɈ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ , ɬ.ɟ. ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 58 ɬɵɫ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ.
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ
ɩɨ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɟɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (Ɇɚɥɨɭɡɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɟɭɡɟɧɫɤɚɹ), ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɢɡ 6
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ.
ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, 7 ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɡɟɪɚ, ɚ
ɂɫɱɟɪɩɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ , ɤɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɹ, ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɡɟɪ Ʉɚɦɵɲ-ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɨɜ.
ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ
Ȼɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ,
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ
ɧɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ,
ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɟɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɞɚɱɭ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȿɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɥɚɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ
ȼȼɉ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 1000
122
ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ. ȼɨɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
359
ɍȾɄ [528.9:577.4:681.3:631.6]
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ
ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ɂ ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ȼɈȾɈɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ
ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɍɁȻȿɄɂɋɌȺɇȺ ɋɊȿȾɇȿȽɈ ɂ ɇɂɀɇȿȽɈ Ɍȿɑȿɇɂə
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ
ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɩɵɬɚ
ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ
Ɋ.ȺɆɍȾȺɊɖɂ
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ (ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɊɄ ɢ ɊɎ ɨ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɪɟɤɢ ɍɪɚɥ ɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɛɟɫɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ Ɇɚɥɨɣ ɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɍɡɟɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ Ȼ.Ȼ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɡɟɦɝɟɨɞɟɡɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ,
ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɡɟɪ (ɏɟɥɶɫɢɧɤɢ, 17 ɦɚɪɬɚ 1992ɝ).
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ
1. Ʉɭɪɦɚɧɝɚɥɢɟɜ Ɋ.Ɇ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ
ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɦɭ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ
ɜ
ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ
Ⱥɡɢɢ
(Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ)
ɤɚɤ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ
ɜɥɚɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ / Ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɭɪɦɚɧɝɚɥɢɟɜ – ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤ: Ɂɚɩ.-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬ. ɚɝɪɚɪ.-ɬɟɯɧ.
ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ.
ɭɧ.-ɬ ɢɦ ɀɚɧɝɢɪ ɯɚɧɚ, 2010. – 109 ɫ.
Summary:
Lack of the coordinated collective actions for rational use of water resources of the
2. Ʉɭɪɦɚɧɝɚɥɢɟɜ Ɋ.Ɇ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ
right-bank countries of the basin of Amu Darya conducts to deterioration of social
ɍɪɚɥ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ / Ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɭɪɦɚɧɝɚɥɢɟɜ, Ɇ.Ʉ. Ɉɧɚɟɜ,
and economic and ecological conditions in the countries of the region. In article
ɋ.Ɇ. ɀɭɦɢɧ // Ԑɵɥɵɦ ɠԥɧɟ ɛɿɥɿɦ. – ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤ, 2009. - ʋ3. – ɋ. 135-140.
3. Ɉɧɚɟɜ Ɇ.Ʉ. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɯ
solutions on rational and fair use of water resources of Amu Darya in a new
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ / Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
geopolitical situation in the region are proposed.
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɨɜ PhD ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ 158982 – ɌȿɆPUS-ES-TEMPUS
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɣ. ɋ 1991ɝ.
JPCR «ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ» ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ «ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ» //
ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
ɋɋɋɊ
ɢ
ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
Ⱥɡɢɢ
ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɟ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
Ɇ.Ʉ. Ɉɧɚɟɜ, Ȼ.Ɇ. Ɇɭɫɚɟɜɚ. - Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ: ɄɚɡɇȺɍ, 2012. ɋ.6-10.
ɩɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɭ Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ
358
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɧɟɬ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
4. Ɉɧɚɟɜ Ɇ.Ʉ. Ʌɢɦɚɧɵ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ / Ɇ.Ʉ. Ɉɧɚɟɜ. –
ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤ, 2012. – 135 ɫ.
123
ɍȾɄ 631.42, 632.91
3. Ʉɭɪɛɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ Ʌ.Ɂ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ – ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɨɛɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ “ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ɇ., ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɬɟɯɧɨɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ”. ɑɚɫɬɶ V. «Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ». Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
Ƚɨɪɛɚɬɨɜ ȼ.ɋ., ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
2013.ɋ.125-131.
4. ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ Ʌ.Ɂ., Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɎȽȻɇɍ ȼɇɂɂɎ, Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ȼɹɡɟɦɵ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
Ⱥɡɢɢ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ PEARL ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ
ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɊɎ, ɛɵɥɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 129 ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɨɤɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 1 ɦ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
«Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ». Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2013.ɋ.242-246.
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ (ɉȾɄɜɨɞ.), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ 0,1 ɦɤɝ/ɥ (ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɨ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɉȾɄɜɨɞ.
ɗɬɢ
ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɵ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɫɬɚɬɶ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
Using a computer model PEARL and standard scenario of nine regions of the
Russian Federation, calculated predicted concentration of 129 pesticides were
calculated groundwater percolate at a depth of 1 m. The list of pesticides, which
expected
concentrations
exceed
human
indexes
(maximum
permissible
concentration) for drinking water was established. The other docket included
pesticides, whose simulated concentration was above 0.1 mg / l (the threshold level
for the European Union), but lower human toxicological criteria. These pesticides
have to become object of attentive studying and monitoring.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ. ȼɫɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ, ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ
124
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
“ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ”. ɑɚɫɬɶ V.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ, ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɋɨɸɡɚ),
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
357
ɉɨ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɬɪɚɫɫɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ 80-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɚ ɛɭɪɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ Ɍɭɪɬɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɨɚɡɢɫɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɤ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɫ 1991 ɩɨ 2000 ɝɨɞɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ 80-ɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ,
ɬɪɚɤɬɭ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɣ ɨɤɨɥɶɰɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
4 ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɟ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɮɥɹɰɢɢ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɵɥɢ
ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɜ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ.
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ
ȿɋ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ (1).
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɜ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɵɧɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ. ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ,
ɜɵɫɵɯɚɸɳɟɝɨ Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɱɜ ɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ.
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɧɚ
ɭɹɡɜɢɦɵɟ, ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ. ɇɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ, ɜɟɪɫɢɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵɢ ɬ.ɞ. , ɧɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɥɚɩɫɚ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ 2007
ɝɨɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ Ɇɢɧɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ “ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ
ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɟ” ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɈɗɋɊ (2).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ Ʌ.Ɂ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ “ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ”. ɑɚɫɬɶ V. «Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ». Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ Ɋɨɫɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɚɞɡɨɪ. ȼɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɨɦ, ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ
2013.ɋ.120-125 .
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ (ɩɨɱɜɚ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ
2. Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ, Ɍ.ɘ.Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ, Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ), ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ//ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ).
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ (3). Ɍɚɤ ɜ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɊɎ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɡɹɬɨ 2516
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ. ȼɵɩɭɫɤ 5.
ɩɪɨɛ ɩɨɱɜɵ, 298 ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ (ɢɡ ɧɢɯ 5 – ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ 2012, ɫ.427-429.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ-
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɞɨ 2 ɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ). Ȼɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɨ 23 ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ,
356
125
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ȾȾɌ, ȽɏɐȽ, ɞɢɦɟɬɨɚɬ, ɰɢɩɟɪɦɟɬɪɢɧ, ɚɬɪɚɡɢɧ, ɩɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɧ, 2,4-Ⱦ,
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɫɫɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɬɪɢɮɥɭɪɚɥɢɧ, ɩɢɤɥɨɪɚɦ ɢ ɞɪ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɛ
ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ – ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ –
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɇɚɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ
ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɫɤɭɞɧɵɣ,
ɱɬɨ,
ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ,
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ȽɏɐȽ ɢ ɬɪɢɮɥɭɪɚɥɢɧ, ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ – ɬɪɢɮɥɭɪɚɥɢɧ, 2,4-Ⱦ, ȾȾɌ ɢ
ȽɏɐȽ, ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 60-100 ɫɦ – ɫɢɦɚɡɢɧ, ɢ ȾȾɌ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ 1995 ɝɨɞɚ,
ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ 450 ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ 62 ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ
(4). ȼ ɲɬɚɬɟ Ⱥɣɨɜɚ ɋɒȺ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ 90 ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ
ɜ 106 ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ, ɢ ɜ 70% ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɵ (5). ȼ Ⱦɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ
ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ 800 ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɜ 30 % ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ (6). ȼ
ɒɜɟɰɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɚɬɪɚɡɢɧ, ɆɋɉȺ, ɞɢɯɥɨɪɩɪɨɩ, ɥɢɧɞɚɧ (7), ɜ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ –
ȾȾɌ, ɞɢɦɟɬɨɚɬ, ɚɡɨɤɫɢɫɬɪɨɛɢɧ, ɰɢɩɪɨɤɨɧɚɡɨɥ, ɦɟɬɚɥɚɤɫɢɥ, ɮɟɧɩɪɨɩɢɦɨɪɮ,
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɚɬɪɚɡɢɧ, ɞɢɯɥɨɪɩɪɨɩ, ɝɥɢɮɨɫɚɬ, ɢɡɨɩɪɨɬɭɪɨɧ, ɤɥɨɩɢɪɚɥɢɞ, ɥɢɧɭɪɨɧ, ɆɐɉȺ,
ɛɟɧɬɚɡɨɧ, ɦɟɬɪɢɛɭɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ. (3).
Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ,
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ Ɍɭɪɬɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɬɪɚɤɬ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹ ɪɟɤɢ ɀɚɧɚɞɚɪɶɹ, ɟɟ ɛɵɜɲɭɸ ɚɜɚɧɞɟɥɶɬɭ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɦɨɪɨɡɧɵɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɚɜɚɧɞɟɥɶɬɟ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɱɢɧɤɨɜ ɍɫɬɸɪɬɚ. ɇɚ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɚɜɚɧɞɟɥɶɬɟ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɤ ɬɪɚɤɬɭ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɢɢ.
ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɧɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ
ɟɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɩɨɜ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ.
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɚɯ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ
ɢ
ɝɞɟ
ɦɧɨɝɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɤɱɚɞɚɪɶɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ,
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ 129
ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ. ɇɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɨɦ
ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ 9 ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɊɎ, ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ,
ɪɭɫɥɟ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɬɪɚɫɫɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɀɚɧɚɞɚɪɶɟ, ɚ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨ
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɚɜɚɧɞɟɥɶɬɟ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ.
126
355
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɚɪɟɚɥɨɜ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ PEARL
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɊɎ ɢ ȿɋ.
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ Ⱦɚɪɫɢ ɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɢɥɢ
Ɋɢɱɚɪɞɫɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɥɟɫɧɨɦ ɮɨɧɞɟ.
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ȼɚɧ-Ƚɟɧɭɯɬɟɧɚ . Ⱦɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ
ȼ
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ
ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ,
ɢ
ɱɬɨ
ɬɪɚɤɬ
ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ
ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɨ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ
ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɪɚɫɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ I ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ Ⱥɪɪɟɧɢɭɫɚ,
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɜ ɱɚɲɭ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɍɨɥɤɟɪɚ. ɉɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
Ⱥɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ, ɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ 2 ɬɢɩɚ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ: ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɚɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ 3,0-4,0 ɤɦ3 ɜ ɝɨɞ. ɗɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ Ɏɪɟɣɧɞɥɢɯɚ ɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 3,0-4,0 103
ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɚɹ (ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ 1-ɝɨ
ɤɦ2.
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɏɪɟɣɞɥɢɯɚ) (8,9) .
ȼ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
(ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ, ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ, ɨɡɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜɨɞ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
Ȼɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ. ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ PEARL [10,11], ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɧɟɞɪɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ȼ ɩɹɬɵɯ, ɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɤɚɤ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɚɝɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ,
ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɨɬ ɡɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɩɟɫɤɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ. ȼ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ, ɩɨ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɫɹ
ȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɵ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɩɪɵɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɹɝɤɢɦ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɱɬɨ
ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 20-ɬɢ ɥɟɬ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɨɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɜɵɛɨɪɟ
ɬɪɚɫɫɵ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 90% ɩɟɪɫɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 1 ɦ ɡɚ 20 ɥɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ – 19-ɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɤɬ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɞɨ-,
ɫɨɥɟɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɦ, ɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɡɢɧɚɦ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɣ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1),
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɫɨɥɟɫɛɨɪɚ.
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɉȾɄ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (12). ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɚɡɨɤɫɢɫɬɪɨɛɢɧ, ɆɐɉȺ,
354
127
ɰɢɩɪɨɤɨɧɚɡɨɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɍȾɄ [528.9:577.4:681.3:55.011.56]
ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɉȾɄ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɰɢɩɪɨɤɨɧɚɡɨɥɭ
ɢ
ɆɐɉȺ
(ɜ
ȽɅȺȼɇɕȿ ɐȿɅȿȼɕȿ ɉɊȿȾɇȺɁɇȺɑȿɇɂə ɋɈɅȿɈɌȼɈȾəɓȿȽɈ
ɪɚɡ), ɩɨ ɬɢɚɦɟɬɨɤɫɚɦɭ, ɮɥɭɬɪɢɚɮɨɥɭ ɢ
10
ɌɊȺɄɌȺ ɉɊȺȼɈȻȿɊȿɀɖə Ɋ.ȺɆɍȾȺɊɖɂ
ɚɡɨɤɫɢɫɬɪɨɛɢɧɭ – ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ.
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɨɤɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ
Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 1 ɦ (ɦɤɝ/ɥ)
ɂɦɢɞɚɤɥɨɩɪɢ
ɞ, ɉȾɄ = 30
ɦɤɝ /ɥ
Ɍɢɚɦɟɬɨɤɫɚɦ
ɉȾɄ = 10 ɦɤɝ
/ɥ
ɐɢɩɪɨɤɨɧɚɡɨ
ɥ ɉȾɄ = 1
ɦɤɝ /ɥ
Ɏɥɭɬɪɢɚɮɨɥ
ɉȾɄ = 10 ɦɤɝ
/ɥ (ɹɪɨɜɚɹ
MɐɉȺ
ɉȾɄ = 3 ɦɤɝ
/ɥ (ɩɲɟɧɢɰɚ)
Ⱥɡɨɤɫɢɫɬɪɨɛɢ
ɧ
ɉȾɄ = 10
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ Ȼ.Ȼ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
ɚ
Ʉɭɪɫ
ɤ
ɋɚɪɚɬɨ
ɜ
ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨ
ɤ
ɉɫɤɨ
ɜ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫ
ɤ
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ
ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨ
ɞ
31.12
0.00
0.00
18.38
26.77
0.68
36.87
1.00
0.00
20.69
3.80
1.40
19.64
24.10
19.49
22.00
8.54
0.15
8.48
0.04
0.00
5.31
7.32
1.42
9.80
0.57
0.00
23.67
11.31
0.90
21.40
25.10
20.50
24.61
16.26
0.00
31.56
0.01
0.00
19.32
30.01
3.02
37.60
0.39
0.00
15.03
0.00
0.00
3.88
10.39
0.00
20.09
0.00
0.00
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚ
ɪ
Ʉɭɪɝɚ
ɧ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɡɟɦɝɟɨɞɟɡɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ,
ɝ.Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ
ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚɲɥɢ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
Summary:
In article the main target destinations of a path for removal of salts of a right
bank of the Amu Darya River are analysed. Results of the analysis found reflection
on a choice of the route of a path for removal of salts
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [1-4] ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ, ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɨɦ
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ
ɤɪɚɟ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ.
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɜɵɹɜɢɥɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
(ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ
2),
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ
ɞɥɹ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ
ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɨ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɥɟɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ
128
353
ɩɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɭ ɉɚɪɫɚɧɤɭɥɶ –ɜ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ. Ɋɹɞ ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɛɟɫɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɡɟɪ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɨɤɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 1 ɦ (ɦɤɝ/ɥ)
ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɋɛɪɨɫ
ɤɨɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
ɜ
ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ
ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧ
ɩɨ
ɑɨɪɞɠɨɭɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɢ Ɍɭɪɤɦɟɧɢɫɬɚɧɨɦ (1993 ɝ).
Ⱦɨɡɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɤɝ / ɝɚ
DT50 ,
ɫɭɬ
Ʉɨɫ,
ɦ3/ɤɝ
ɉȾɄ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ
( ɦɤɝ / ɥ)
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ
ɫɬɨɤɟ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ 1ɦ,
ɦɤɝ /ɥ
Ⱦɟɧɝɢɡɤɭɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ɋ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
Ⱥɦɢɞɨɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
0.010
29
29.3
3
0.26
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɟɺ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ
Ⱥɡɢɦɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
0.015
133
73.8
50
1.77
Ⱦɢɤɚɦɛɚ
1.490
11
2.4
20
13.07
Ⱦɢɦɟɬɚɯɥɨɪ
1.500
16
69.0
10
5.19
Ⱦɢɦɟɬɚɦɢɞ-ɉ
0.864
67
227.0
100
16.85
Ⱦɢɮɥɸɮɟɧɢɤɚɧ
0.100
238
1996.0
30
0.05
ɂɡɨɩɪɨɬɭɪɨɧ
2.000
18
122.0
90
14.90
ɂɦɚɡɟɬɚɩɢɪ
0.080
900
52.0
90
21.20
Ʌɟɧɚɰɢɥ
1.600
18
165.0
1
0.56
Ɇɟɬɚɦɢɬɪɨɧ
2.800
45
77.7
300
121.10
Ɇɟɬɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ-ɦɟɬɢɥ
0.006
29
39.5
10
0.11
Ɇɟɬɪɢɛɭɡɢɧ
0.980
18
37.9
100
9.41
ɉɚɪɚɬɢɨɧ-ɦɟɬɢɥ
0.900
32
240.0
2
1.55
ɉɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
0.019
229
23.0
80
4.40
ɉɢɪɚɡɨɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ-ɷɬɢɥ
0.030
28
154.0
5
0.30
ɉɪɨɩɚɦɨɤɚɪɛ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɥɨɪɢɞ
4.020
137
706.0
100
53.16
Ɋɢɦɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
0.013
30
50.3
2
0.13
ɋɭɥɶɮɨɦɟɬɭɪɨɧ-ɦɟɬɢɥ
0.263
28
85.0
20
2.82
Ɍɟɩɪɚɥɨɤɫɢɞɢɦ
0.100
14
22.2
2
0.68
Ɍɪɢɚɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
0.008
118
60.0
4
0.92
Ɍɪɢɛɟɧɭɪɨɧ-ɦɟɬɢɥ
0.019
20
35.0
60
0.30
Ɍɪɢɬɨɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
0.050
38
7.5
5
4.42
ɏɥɨɪɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
0.006
187
36.3
10
1.10
ɗɬɨɮɭɦɟɡɚɬ
0.336
211
187.3
500
40.10
Ʉɚɪɛɟɧɞɚɡɢɦ
0.800
40
225.0
100
0.28
Ɍɪɢɚɞɢɦɟɮɨɧ
Ʉɥɨɬɢɚɧɢɞɢɧ
0.500
0.013
26
1001
300.0
160.0
20
500
0.05
2.87
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɟɺ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɸ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. . Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.Ɍ., ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ Ʌ.Ɂ., Ʌɟɫɧɢɤ Ɍ.ɘ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɩɨ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ//ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ. ȼɵɩɭɫɤ 5. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ-Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ 2012, ɫ.421-426.
2. ɂɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ. Ɍɨɦ III/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ: Ɏɚɧ, 1979.-ɫ.358
3. Ⱥɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜ ɂ.ɏ., əɤɭɛɨɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ – Ɏɚɧ, 2006-ɫ.140
4. ɏɨɞɠɢɛɚɟɜ ɇ.ɇ., ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ Ʌ.Ɂ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ/Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ-Ɏɚɧ, 1982-ɫ.178
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɉȾɄ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɜ ȿɋ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ 0,1 ɦɤɝ/ɥ ɞɥɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ 0,5 ɦɤɝ/ɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ
ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ (13). Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɉȾɄ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɸɬ ɨɬ 0,2 ɦɤɝ/ɥ ɞɥɹ 2,4-Ⱦ ɞɨ 1000 ɦɤɝ/ɥ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɨɩɚɦɢɞɚ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɉȾɄ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɡɢɦɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧɚ (50 ɦɤɝ/ɥ), ɢɡɨɩɪɨɬɭɨɧɚ ɢ
352
129
ɢɦɚɡɟɬɚɩɢɪɚ (90 ɦɤɝ/ɥ), ɩɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧɚ (80 ɦɤɝ/ɥ), ɬɪɢɛɟɧɭɪɨɧ-ɦɟɬɢɥɚ (60
ɗɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɤɝ/ɥ), ɷɬɨɮɭɦɟɡɚɬɚ ɢ ɤɥɨɬɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɚ (500 ɦɤɝ/ɥ), ɤɚɪɛɟɧɞɚɡɢɦɚ (100 ɦɤɝ/ɥ).
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɉȾɄ ɞɥɹ
ɉɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (1 ɢ 2) ɨɰɟɧɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ (ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɢɥ-
[2,ɫ. 26]. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3). ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ǹ=991,4*103/1927*103ɦ3=0,514
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ.
ɉɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
3.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ,
ȾȾɄ
ɢ
Ĭ=2709,9/2732,2=0,992
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ
ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɚ ɩɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ ɫ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɨɤɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 1 ɦ (ɦɤɝ/ɥ)
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɨ 2732,2 ɬɵɫ.ɬ. ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚ 1,42 ɝ/ɞɦ3.
ȿɋ50,
ɦɤɝ/ɥ
(ɜɵɫɲɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ)
ȿɋ50, ɦɤɝ/ɥ
(ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ)
0.62
3
50
1.77
ɂɡɨɩɪɨɬɭɪɨɧ
31
13
90
14.90
ɂɦɚɡɟɬɚɩɢɪ
8
-
90
21.20
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɵɧɨɫ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ 2709,9
ɉɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
1.26
8.9
80
4.40
ɬɵɫ.ɬ. ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɟ
Ɍɪɢɛɟɧɭɪɨɧ-ɦɟɬɢɥ
9.9
250
60
0.30
Ⱥɡɢɦɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɨɧ
ɉȾɄ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ
( ɦɤɝ / ɥ)
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ
ɫɬɨɤɟ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ 1ɦ,
ɦɤɝ /ɥ
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɪɚɮɲɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɚɦɭɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 1,14÷1,29 ɝ/ɞɦ3 [2, ɫ.27].
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ 2,79 ɝ/ɞɦ3.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɤɚɤ
ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɒɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɏɚɪɯɭɪɫɤɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚɯ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɦ ɢ ɥɢɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɹɡɜɢɦɵɟ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ-ɬɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɨɚɡɢɫ. ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ.
- ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɢ ɨɬɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧ. ɉɪɢ
Ȼɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ~1,42 ɝ/ɞɦ3 ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ (4,0 ɤɦ3ɯ1.42 ɝ/ɞɦ3) 5 ɦɥɧ.ɬ. ɜ ɝɨɞ. ɋɭɞɹ ɩɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉȾɄ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɨɬɬɨɤ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɜɟɧ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɟɣ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɭ, ɬ.ɟ. 5.7 ɦɥɧ.ɬ. ɜ ɝɨɞ. ɋɛɪɨɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɢ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɟɫɫɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ Ⱦɟɧɝɢɡɤɭɥɶ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɋɨɥɟɧɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ,
130
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
351
ɋɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɭɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɚɮɲɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɒɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɦ, ɏɚɪɯɭɪɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɏɚɱɤɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚɯ. ɑɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ
1.
FOCUS. Assessing Potential for Movement of Active Substances and
Ʉɭɸɦɚɡɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪ.Ʉɚɪɚɤɭɥɶɞɚɪɶɹ. Ɍɚɤ ɱɬɨ
their Metabolites to Ground Water in the EU. / The Final Report of the FOCUS
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɦ
Ground Water Work Group,
ɫɬɨɤɟ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɢɡ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɢ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ.
1. - 2009. - 604 pp.
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ [2], ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.3 (ɫ.9), ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
2.
Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜɚ
EC Document Reference Sanco/13144/2010, version
ȼ.ɇ.
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ 1997-4,6; 1998-4,0; 1999-4,1; 2000-4,0; 2001-3,3;
ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ // Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ɇ., Ƚɨɪɛɚɬɨɜ ȼ.ɋ. / Ⱥɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɹ. –
2002-4,0 ɤɦ3 ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɚ ɲɟɫɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ 4,0 ɤɦ3.
2011. - ʋ6. - ɫ. 88-96.
ɉɨ
3. ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɢɤ “Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɷɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ [2, ɫ.12] ɫɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
3
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ: 1997-1,8; 1999-2,2; 2001-1,5; 2002-2.1 ɤɦ , ɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ
ɊɎ ɜ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ”. – Ɉɛɧɢɧɫɤ, ɎȽȻɍ ȼɇɂɂȽɆɂ-ɆɐȾ, -2014, -72 ɫ.
3
1,98 ɤɦ .
4. K. Haarstad Ten Years of Pesticide Monitoring in Norwegian Ground
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [4, ɫ.73]
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɚ ɞɨɥɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ:
Water. // K. Haarstad and G. H. Ludvigsen. / Ground Water Monitoring &
Remediation. 27. no. 3. - 2007. - 75–89 ɪ.
1997-0,398; 1998-0,575; 1999-0,431; 2001-0,454; 2002-0,527; ɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ-
5. Kolpin, D.A. Pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1992-1996. //
Kolpin, D.A., J.E. Barbash, and R.J. Gillioim. / Ground Water 38, no. 6, - 2000. -
0,477±0,09.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ
858–863.
ɛɸɞɠɟɬɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ- ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɢɡɴɹɬɵɯ ɢɡ
6. Bru¨sch, W. Ground water 2004. Status and development 1998-2004. (in
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ (ɪɟɤɭ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɫɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ
Danish with English summary). Copenhagen, Denmark: GEUS. - 2005. -
ɧɚɥɢɜɧɵɟ
http://www.geus.dk/ (accessed August 1, 2006).
ɨɡɟɪɚ).
Ɍɚɤɨɜɚ
ɟɝɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɜ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [4]. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
7. Kreuger, J., H. Pesticides in water from typological areas. Rivers and
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ
precipitation during 2002. // Kreuger, J., H. Holmberg, H. Kylin, and B. Ule´n. /
ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
Report 2003:12. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. –
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ. ɉɨ [4, ɫ.75] ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
2003. 66 ɪɪ.
ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ (ș) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
8. Tiktak, A. Pesticide Emission at Regional and Local scales: Pearl version 1.1
ߠ ൌ ܴ݆‫݆ܥ‬Ȁܴ݅‫) ݅ܥ‬,
// Tiktak, A., van den Berg, F., Boesten, J.J.T.I., Leistra, M., van der Linden, A.M.A.
(1)
ɝɞɟ Rj ɢ Ri- ɨɬɬɨɤ ɫ ɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ (ɨɚɡɢɫ), Cj ɢ Ci-
2000. – 142 ɪɪ.
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞ.
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
9. Leistra, M. PEARL model for pesticide behaviour and emissions in soilplant systems. Description of processes. // Leistra, M., van der Linden, A.M.A.,
‫ן‬ൌ ܴ݆Ȁܴ݅ ,
and van Kraalingen, D. / User Manual. RIVM report 711401008, Alterra report 29. –
350
(2)
131
Boesten, J.J.T.I., Tiktak, A., van den Berg, F. / Alterra report 13, RIVM report
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ
711401009. – 2000. – 115 ɪɪ.
ɫɬɨɤɨ-
ɢ
ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ.
Ɉɧɢ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɵɫɵɯɚɸɬ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɹ
10. Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ɇ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ
ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ/ Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ɇ., Ʉɨɤɨɪɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ƚɨɪɛɚɬɨɜ
ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɝɟɤɬɚɪɨɜ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ. ɋɨɥɨɧɱɚɤɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟ
ȼ.ɋ.
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ,
//
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ “ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ”.
ɩɨɥɶɡɵ ɢ ɞɢɤɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ. ɗɬɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɵ
Ʉɢɟɜ, 2012. - ɋ. 47-48.
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɦɢ
11.
Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜɚ, ȼ.ɇ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ
ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ 20-25 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɧ ɫɨɥɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ PEARL ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. /
Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɨɚɡɢɫ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ,
ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜɚ, ȼ.ɋ. Ƚɨɪɛɚɬɨɜ. // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ Vȱ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɮɨɧɞɨɦ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚ 2001 ɝ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 310,64~ 205 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ.
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
[1.2].
ɫɪɟɞɵ», ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ 150-ɥɟɬɢɸ ɫɨ ɞɧɹ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ƚ.ɇ. ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ. - ɋɭɦɵ, 2022 ɦɚɹ 2015 ɝ. - ɋ. 161-166.
12.
ȼɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɢ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ [3], ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɞɜɚ-ɬɪɢ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ.
Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ, ɫɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
Ƚɇ 1.2.3111-13 . Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ
ɏɚɦɡɚ I (66,4 ɦ3/c) ɢ ɏɚɦɡɚ II (150 ɦ3/ɫ) (ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚɦ; [3,
ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ). - 2013. - 118 ɫ.
ɫ.193], ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
13.
6,8 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɜ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɟ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ.
European Union. Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and
Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɇɚɜɨɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ –ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ, ɨɛɴɟɦ
of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ 1,3 ÷1,5 ɤɦ3. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
pollution and deterioration. Official Journal of the European Union. 2006. L372:10-
ɨɛɳɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪ ɜ ɨɚɡɢɫɟ ɜ 19997-2002 ɝ.ɝ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ [1,2 ɨɬ 3,3 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɜ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɨɞ) ɞɨ 4,6 ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ (ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ).
31, 27/12/2006. 31 pɪ.
ȼ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ Ⱥɦɭ-Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɢɣ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ. Ʉɚɧɚɥ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ Ɍɭɞɚɤɭɥɶɫɤɢɦ (~1,0
ɤɦ3) ɢ Ʉɭɸɦɚɡɚɪɫɤɢɦ
(~0,04 ɤɦ3) ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ. ȼ Ʉɭɸɦɚɡɚɪɫɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɨɤ ɢɡ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ. Ɍɭɞɚɤɭɥɶɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ, ɞɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɥ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɫɨɥɨɧɱɚɤ.
ȼɨɞɚ Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ I ɢ II ɨɱɟɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɒɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ,
ɏɨɪɯɭɪɫɤɢɣ, Ⱦɭɚɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɏɚɱɤɚɛɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɵ ɢ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɚɡɢɫɚ [3].
132
349
ɍȾɄ [528.9:577.4:681.3:631.6]
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌȿɃ ɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ɋɌɈɄȺ ȻɍɏȺɊɋɄɈȽɈ ɈȺɁɂɋȺ
Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɍɁȻȿɄɂɋɌȺɇȺ
ɜɨɞɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ʌ.Ɂ.ɒɟɪɮɟɞɢɧɨɜ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɂɥɶɢɧɢɱ ȼ.ȼ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, Ȼɟɥɶɱɢɯɢɧɚ ȼ.ȼ., ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɤɚ.
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
Ȼ.Ɍ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ - ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ», ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɏ.Ɇ.əɤɭɛɨɜɚ, Ȼ.Ȼ.Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɚɡɢɫɚ. ɉɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɟ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɢɡ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɢ ɪ.Ɂɚɪɚɮɲɚɧ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɟ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ȿɝɨ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ
Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɺ
Ȼɭɯɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨ Ɋɭɛɥɺɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ.
Summary:
In article features of an ionic drain of the Bukhara oasis are analysed. It is
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ
shown that water supply of irrigating systems of an oasis is based on an adjustable
Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ
drain with a head water intake from the Amu Darya River and the river Zarafshan.
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
Results of calculations at calculation of average value of coefficient of transformation
ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ.
(ɰɢɚɧɢɫɬɵɯ)
ɂɡ ɨɬɱɺɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɈɈɈ
of a water drain for Bukhara area are given.
«ȼȿȾ» ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ 2009 ɝɨɞɭ [11] ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ
ɍɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɢɡ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɛɨɫɬɪɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
-
Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ
ɜ
ɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ, ɱɟɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɟ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ [4]
ɨɚɡɢɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɟɺ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ ɢ ɞɟɤɚɞɚɦ ɝɨɞɚ
ɞɥɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ. Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɬɨɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1), ɲɟɫɬɶɞɟɫɹɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɞɚɪɶɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɨ- ɢ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ (ɪɢɫ.1).
ɫɨɥɟɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɫɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
348
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɴɟɦɨɤ
133
Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ// Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2009, – ʋ 5. – ɋ.
39–42.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɬɨɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɦ ɢ ɞɟɤɚɞɚɦ ɝɨɞɚ
120000
100000
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ
Ʉɥ/ɦɝ
80000
60000
Ʉɨɪɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ȼɨɪɢɫ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɢɱ – ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
40000
ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
20000
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ. ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ,
ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ.
0
5(1) 5(2) 5(3) 6(1) 6(2) 6(3) 7(1) 7(2) 7(3) 8(1) 82) 8(3) 9(1) 9(2) 9(3)
ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɤɚɞ (ɜ ɫɤɨɛɚɤɯ)
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ: 8-965-302-14-99.
E-mail: [email protected]
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɬɨɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɚ
Korzhenevskii Boris Igorevich – Bachelor of Science, Senior Scientist, All-Russian
ɫ ɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ ɧɚ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ.
Research Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, Moscow,
Russian Federation.
ɂɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 1 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɸɧɶ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ
Contact telephone number: 8-965-302-14-99
ɩɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɤɚɞɟ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ
E-mail: [email protected]
ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɯ
Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ – ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɨɜ
ɧɚɭɤ, ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ, ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ [1,3,6,7,14].
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ. ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ.
ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɵ: 8-985-434-93-92, 8-499-153-72-92.
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
E-mail: [email protected]
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ.
Kolomiytsev Nikolay Vladimirovich – Bachelor of Science, Scientific Secretary,
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
All-Russian Research Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation,
ɨɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ
Moscow, Russian Federation.
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚ.
Contact telephone number: 8-985-434-93-92, 8-499-153-72-92
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ
E-mail: [email protected]
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɧɚ
ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɶɹɯ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ
ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
134
347
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ
ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɹ ɢ ɢɸɧɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɦɵɜɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ. ɇɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȼɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɟɺ
ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɛɟɡ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
-ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
1. Ʉɟɪɠɟɧɰɟɜ, Ⱥ. ɋ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ / Ⱥ. ɋ. Ʉɟɪɠɟɧɰɟɜ. – Ɇ.:
ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2006. – 259 ɫ.
2. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ɍ. ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ / Ⱥ. Ɍ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɧɢɠɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɝɨ
ɚɝɪɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. – 2014. – ʋ 1 (33). – ɋ. 1–5.
3. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ɍ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɚɝɪɨɥɟɫɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɨɱɜɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɜ
ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɢ / Ⱥ. Ɍ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɈɪȽȺɍ. – 2014. ʋ 4
(48). – ɋ. 38 – 31.
4. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ,
ɗ.
ɉ.
Ɉɩɵɬ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ / ɗ. ɉ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ //
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɮɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ. –
Ɇ.: ɆȽɍ, 1973. – ɋ. 46–50.
5. Ƚɚɪɲɢɧɟɜ, ȿ. Ⱥ. ɗɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ]/ ȿ. Ⱥ. Ƚɚɪɲɢɧɟɜ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ȼɇɂȺɅɆɂ. – 1999. – 196 ɫ.
6. Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ. Ɍ. 6. Ɉɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ: ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ / ɂ. ɉ.
Ⱥɣɞɚɪɨɜ, Ʉ. ɉ. Ⱥɪɟɧɬ, ȼ. ɉ. Ȼɚɹɤɢɧɚ [ɢ ɞɪ.]; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ȼ. Ȼ. ɒɭɦɚɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.:
Ʉɨɥɨɫ, 1990. – 415 ɫ.
7. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, Ɉ. ȿ. ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ / Ɉ. ȿ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, ɇ. ȼ.
Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ // ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2010. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 21–27.
8. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ, Ȼ. ɉ. Ɇɚɥɵɟ ɪɟɤɢ: ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ: ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ / Ȼ. ɉ. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ, ȼ. ɂ. Ȼɭɥɚɬɨɜ; ȽɉɇɌȻ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ.
– ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, 2002. – 114 ɫ.
9. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ / ȼ. Ɍ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜ, Ⱦ. Ƚ. Ɂɢɥɢɧɝ, Ɍ.
Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɨɲɤɢɧɚ [ɢ ɞɪ.]; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ. Ɍ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆȽɍ, 2000. –
432 ɫ.
10. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ, Ȼ. ȼ. Ȼɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ / Ȼ. ȼ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ, ȼ. Ⱥ. Ɉɪɥɨɜ, ȼ. ȼ. ɋɧɚɤɢɧ
// ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɊȺɇ. ɋɟɪɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ. – 1993. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 77–89.
11. Ɇɢɡɚɧɞɪɨɧɰɟɜ, ɂ. Ȼ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ / ɂ. Ȼ. Ɇɢɡɚɧɞɪɨɧɰɟɜ. – ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ: ɇɚɭɤɚ. ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ,
1990. – 176 ɫ.
12. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ, ɇ. ȼ. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ / ɇ. ȼ.
346
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ;
-ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ;
-ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟɦ;
-ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɢ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
Ɉɛɴɟɦ, ɦɥɧ. ɦ3
Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɦ
Ɏɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɵɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
Ɏɉɍ
183,8
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɵɣ
ɦɺɪɬɜɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɨɛɴɺɦɚ
ɇɉɍ
ɍɆɈ
182,5
169,0
ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ
220
216
ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ
ɇɉɍ, ɤɦ2
32,7
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɚɹ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɚ
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ [10]. Ɉɛɴɺɦɵ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɪɟɤɢ
Ɋɭɡɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɺɦɵ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ [5,9,13]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
135
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6 – Ɉɱɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ (ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ < 0,020 ɦɤɦ) ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ «ɱɢɫɬɵɦ» ɷɪɨɞɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ʋ
ɩɩ
ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ
1
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ [8,15,16]. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
2
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ
ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣ
ɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ
3
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ
ɪ. Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, ɜɵɲɟ ɝ. ɇɨɝɢɧɫɤɚ,
ɞɟɪ. Ɉɫɟɥɨɤ, ɥɟɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɪ. Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, ɝ. ɇɨɝɢɧɫɤ, ɦɨɫɬ,
ɥɟɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɪ. Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. ɇɨɝɢɧɫɤɚ,
ɜɵɲɟ ɪ. ɒɟɪɧɵ, ɥɟɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ
Cd, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Hg, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Pb, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Zn, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
15,66
2,77
77
868
11,43
3,51
84
845
7,28
1,86
61
603
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ 0,01% [13]. Ɋɚɫɱɺɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɜɨɹɤɨ.
ɫɚɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɬɱɺɬɟ [10]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɩɨɣɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ. Ɉɫɚɠɞɚɹ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ 620 ɦ3/ɫ, ɚ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ, ɨɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ɏɉɍ= 183,8 ɦ.ɉɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɵ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɬ. ɟ. ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ, ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɦ ɞɨ ɇɉɍ=182,5 ɦ (ɪɢɫ. 2) ɞɚɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ:
ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɣɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ 530 ɦ3/ɫ, ɚ ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ 183,1 ɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 183,8 ɦ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɟɳɺ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ.
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɵ
ɗɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɝɞɟ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ.
ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɦ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɦ ɧɚ
0,3 ɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɇɉɍ - 182, 8 ɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɤɚɤɢɦ – ɥɢɛɨ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7 – Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ (ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ < 0,020 ɦɤɦ) ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ,
ɷɪɨɞɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɫ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɧɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 ɦɥɧ ɦ3 ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ʋ
ɩɩ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ: ɮɨɪɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɵɣ
1
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ 183, 3 ɦ, ɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ – 550 ɦ3/ɫ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
2
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ. ɗɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ
ɪ. Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. ɈɪɟɯɨɜɨɁɭɟɜɚ, ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɪ. Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ, ɞɟɪ. ȼɨɣɧɨɜɚ ɝɨɪɚ,
ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ, ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨɣɦɵ
Cd, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Hg, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Pb, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Zn, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
9,54
0,65
59
411
10,56
0,87
75
517
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ. ȼ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
136
345
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ: ɪɚɫɩɚɲɟɤ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ., ɚ
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɷɪɨɡɢɟɣ. ȼ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ – ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ:
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ
ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ. ȼ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ: ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ – ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ – ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɤɥɨɧɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɷɪɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɪɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɰɢɤɥ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ.
ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ
ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɩɪɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ,
ɜ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɨɜ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɟɣ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɢɤɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɤɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɢɸɧɟ - ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɚɯ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɢɬɨɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 ɦɥɧ ɦ3, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɺɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ [11]. ɉɪɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ
ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɳɢɣ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɸɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ,
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɶɹɯ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟ-
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ «ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɟɬ» ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɵ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɫ
ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ,
ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɨ
ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɗɬɨ
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɤ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɵɲɶɹɤɨɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝ.
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɇɨɝɢɧɫɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɞɦɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ (ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ 20 ɦɤɦ)
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ (1), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɜ 2003 ɝɨɞɭ 15, 66 ɦɝ/ɤɝ, ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ – 11,43
ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɟɤɚɞɟ:
ɦɝ/ɤɝ, ɧɢɠɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ 7,28 ɦɝ/ɤɝ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6). ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
Vɤɮ = Vɧ + W – U – S,
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ «ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ» ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ
ɝɞɟ
ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ
Vɧ – ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɨɦɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɭ;
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ
ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ
(1)
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
Vɤɮ – «ɮɢɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ» ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ [12].
(ɛɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ);
344
137
W - ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɡɚ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɪɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɟɝɨ
U (Vɤ) – ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɡɚ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ: «ɫɥɚɛɨɟ – ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ –
S – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɜɨɞɵ (ɛɟɡ ɟɺ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɥɢɲɤɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ – ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ». ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ 4 ɢ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ [2,6,10], ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 3.
V̨̪̣̖̦̚.̥̣̦.̥³
ˀ̨̨̨̦̦̖̖̪̣̖̌̏̔̽
5.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4 – ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɭɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [9]
Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɗɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ʿ̨̨̨̨̦̖̖̪̣̖̔̏̔̽̚
216
Ʌɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɢ ɟɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ
200
ʯ̨̦̌3(̨̡̛̼̯̍̚)
ʯ̨̦̌1(Q̬̐̌.)
120
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ʯ̨̦̌2(0,7Q̬̐̌.)
3
ʪ̡̖̌̔̌
ʺ̶̖̭́
1
2
III
3
1
2
IV
3
1
2
V
3
1
2
3
VII
VIII
VI
IX
X
1
2
3
XII
I
II
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ
Ʉɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɟ
Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɨɟ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ)
II
III
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɢɫɤ
ɤɪɢɡɢɫ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨ
ɇɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɉɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɟ
(ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ)
IV
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
Ʉɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫ
ɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɇɢɡɤɨɟ
Ⱦɢɫɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵ ɋɢɥɶɧɨ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɟ
ɞɢɫɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵ
ɟ
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɍɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ
Ȼɨɥɟɡɧɶ
XI
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5 – Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ
ɩɨ ȼ. Ɍ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɭ, Ⱦ. Ƚ. Ɂɢɥɢɧɝɭ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɨɲɤɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪ. [9] ɫ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɨɤɚ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
1
Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
Ƚɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
Ƚɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɜ ɬ. ɱ.:
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
Ƚɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ
ɚɩɪɟɥɹ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ) ɞɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɟɤɚɞɵ ɢɸɧɹ
(ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ). ȼ ɷɬɨɬ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɇɉɍ - ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 182, 8 ɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (1) ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɟɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ (ɦɺɪɬɜɵɣ, ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɺɦɵ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ)
II
III
3
4
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɟ
IV
5
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɟ
ɋɥɚɛɨɟ
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɟ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɟ
ɋɥɚɛɨɟ
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɟ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɟ
ɋɥɚɛɨɟ
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɟ
ɑɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ
ɋɥɚɛɨɟ
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɟ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɟ
1) ɦɵ «ɞɚɜɢɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ»; 2) ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɚɩɪɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ Vɤ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ. ɋɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦɭ, ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ,
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ U(Vɤ) ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ
138
I
2
ɋɥɚɛɨɟ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɨɹɤɨ:
ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ ɩɨ
I
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚ
ɍɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟ
ɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɷɪɨɡɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
343
- ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɣɦɵ;
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ [10] ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ
- ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɨɣɦ;
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ Vɭɦɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ
- ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ;
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ Vɧɩɭ. ɇɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ, ɦɚɹ ɢ ɢɸɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
- ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ;
ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ Vɧɩɭ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ V’ɧɩɭ =
- ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ.
182, 8 ɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɞɟɤɚɞɟ ɜɟɫɶ ɨɛɴɺɦ, ɪɚɧɟɟ
ɉɪɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɇɉɍ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ. Ɂɚ ɫɱɺɬ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪɟɤ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ,
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
[8].
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ – ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ
ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ [3,6,7,12,14], ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɤɢ
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ, ɝɞɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ
ɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪɟɤ.
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɳɺ ɯɭɠɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɟɤɚɞɵ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ,
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ
ɤ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɢɩɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɪɟɤ
ɧɚ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɝɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ
ɟɟ
ɢɸɧɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ (ɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ , ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ) - ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɇɉɍ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦɭ
ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɚ, ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ƚɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɵ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɹɞɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ 90 ɥɟɬ (ɫ 1914 ɝ. ɩɨ 2004
ɨɰɟɧɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ (ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ)
ɝ.). ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ ɫ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɩɨ 28 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ,
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɟ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ.
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɪɬɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɟ ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɹɰɟ ɫɬɨɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬ. ɟ. ɬɨɬ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɞɟɤɚɞɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɦ.
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɭɸ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɭ.
Ȼɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ
Ɍɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɟɟ
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ 172,6 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3/ɝɨɞ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ.
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɟ (143,8 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 97%) ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȼ. Ɍ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ, Ⱦ. Ƚ. Ɂɢɥɢɧɝɚ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɨɲɤɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪ. [9],
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɪɚɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ.
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɭ,
ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ,
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ
[10].
Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
342
139
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ - ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ 89% ɞɨ 91,1%,
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ Ɉɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɵɦ,
ɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ 12%.
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɦ, ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɚɝɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɢ ɩɨ
Ɉɛɴɺɦ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ ɜ 82 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɢɡ 90 ɜ ɢɸɧɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɟ ɛɵɥ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɹɰɟ. ȼɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3). ȼɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɵ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ Ɉɤɢ ɩɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɫɨɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ.
ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɹ ɢ ɢɸɧɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3 – Ⱥɝɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ʌɸɛɨɠɢɯɢ
(ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ)
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
Ɍɢɩ ɫɦɵɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ, ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɸɧɶ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
Ʉɪɭɬɢɡɧɚ
ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
1
<3
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɤɚ
2
3-5
ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɟ
3
5-8
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɭ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ
4
>8
ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɢɤ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɢɸɧɶɫɤɨɝɨ) ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ.
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɨ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ
ɢ
ɩɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɤ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ, ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ,
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ
ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɪɢɰ ɢ ɨɡɟɪ. ɗɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɯ
ɭɱɟɬ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɜ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɣɦ.
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ.
ɱɚɫɬɶ, ɢ ɩɪɢɬɟɪɪɚɫɧɭɸ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɨɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫ
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɍɱɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ:
140
ɢ
ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɭɸ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ – ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɭɸ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ
ɉɨɣɦɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ: ɩɪɢɪɭɫɥɨɜɭɸ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɬɭɸ ɢ
ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟ-ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɰɢɚɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ.
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɜ ɢɸɧɟ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ
ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ, ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɉɫɨɛɚɹ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧ ɜ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ
ɱɬɨ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3 ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɦɵɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ
ɨɛɴɺɦɵ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ
ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɫɦɵɜ ɫɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɩɚɯɨɬɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
ɦ3/(ɝɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ)
ɇɟɫɦɵɬɵɟ ɢ
< 13
ɇɟɫɦɵɬɵɟ
<8
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɦɵɬɵɟ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟ- ɢ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɫɦɵɬɵɟ
13-25
8-13
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɫɦɵɬɵɟ
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɫɦɵɬɵɟ
> 25
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɫɦɵɬɵɟ
> 13
ȾɨɥɢɧɧɨȾɨɥɢɧɧɨ-ɛɚɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ
ɇɟɬ
ɇɟɬ
ɛɚɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ
ɨɜɪɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɩɚɲɧɢ
ɩɚɲɧɢ
ɨɜɪɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɘɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
341
Ʌɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – Ȼɚɥɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ
ɭɤɥɨɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɝɪɚɞ.
0–1
1–3
3–8
8–15
15–30
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 30
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɤɦ/ɤɦ2
0,0–0,5
0,6–1,0
1,1–1,5
1,6–2,0
2,1–2,5
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 2,5
Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɫɨɜ
ɷɪɨɡɢɢ, ɦ
Ȼɚɥɥ
0–15
15–50
50–100
100–200
200–600
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 600
1
2
3
4
5
6
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɩɢɤɚ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
(Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɟ,
Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɟ,
ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɟ)
ɞɚɫɬ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ
ɋɥɚɛɚɹ
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹ
Ʉɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ⱥɜɚɤɹɧ Ⱥ.Ȼ., ɋɚɥɬɚɧɤɢɧ ȼ.ɉ., ɒɚɪɚɩɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. Ɇ.: Ɇɵɫɥɶ,
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɤɥɨɧɚ,
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ
1987. 325 ɫ.
2. Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.ȿ., Ȼɟɫɬɭɠɟɜɚ Ʉ.ɇ., Ɋɟɡɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ʢˍˎˑː
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
˒ˑ˅ˈ˓˘ːˑ˔˕ˋˊˈˏˎˋ
0,00–0,02
0,0–0,5
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ
0,02–0,05
0,6–1,0
ɋɥɚɛɚɹ
0,05–0,08
1,1–1,2
ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ
0,09–0,1
1,3–1,5
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
Ȼɨɥɟɟ 1
> 1,6
ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ – Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ –
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɰɵ.
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɟɦɥɟɭɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ,
ɮɢɬɨɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɢ
ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ;
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ,
2) ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ; 3) ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 3–5 ɥɟɬ.
ɉɪɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɟ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɞɜɚ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ:
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɱɢɫɥɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ; ɷɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɚɝɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ
ɚɝɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ [7]. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ
340
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
http://www.mosvodokanal.ru/.
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɚɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
4. ȼɨɞɚ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɚ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ;
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ: 1) ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
3. ȼɚɫɫɟɪ ɋ. ɉ. ȼɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ. Ʉɢɟɜ : ɇɚɭɤɨɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ, 1989. ɋ. 46—49.
ɚɝɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɟɨɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ. Ɇ.: Ɇɢɧɬɨɩɷɧɟɪɝɨ ɊɎ, 2000. – 26 ɫ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɟɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ
ɩɨ
5. Ȼɟɥɶɱɢɯɢɧɚ ȼ.ȼ. ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂɃ ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ ɉɊɂɌɈɄȺ Ʉ
ɊɍɁɋɄɈɆɍ ȼɈȾɈɏɊȺɇɂɅɂɓɍ // ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ʋ 3/2014 ɩɨɞ Ɋɟɞ. ɞ.ɛ.ɧ.
Ʉɪɚɟɜɨɣ
Ɏ.Ɏ.,
ɫ.
99-101.,
http://scienceanded.ru/files/12-
13.09.2014/sienceanded_3.pdf.
6. Ⱦɚɰɟɧɤɨ ɘ.ɋ., ɗɞɟɥɶɲɬɟɣɧ Ʉ.Ʉ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ // Ƚɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɵɩ. 2. Ɇ.: Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɆȽɍ.
2004. ɋ. 253–269.
7. Ⱦɨɥɝɨɧɨɫɨɜ Ȼ.Ɇ., Ʉɨɪɱɚɝɢɧ Ʉ.Ⱥ., Ɇɟɫɫɢɧɟɜɚ ȿ.Ɇ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɬɨɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ.
2010. Ɍ. 37. ʋ 2. ɋ. 218–224
8.
ɂɥɶɢɧɢɱ
ȼ.
ȼ.,
ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜ
ȿ.Ⱥ.ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. // Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2010, ʋ6 – ɋ. 25-27.
141
ͻǤ ʛ˃˓˚ˈːˍˑ ʏ.ʑ.ǡ ʐˈˎ˟˚ˋ˘ˋː˃ ʑǤʑǤ ʏʜʏʚʗʖ ʏʑʡʝʙʝʟʟʔʚʮʥʗʝʜʜʪʤ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ʣʢʜʙʥʗʘʝʐʩʵʛʝʑʞʟʗʡʝʙʏʙʟʢʖʠʙʝʛʢʑʝʓʝʤʟʏʜʗʚʗʨʢȀȀʕ˖˓ː˃ˎ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɢɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ
Eurasian Uninon of Scientists ͒͸ ʹ͸Ǧʹ͹ǤͲͻǤʹͲͳͶǡ ˔Ǥ ͳ͵ʹǦͳ͵Ͷǡ http://euroasiaǦ
ɢɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
science.ru/zhurnaly/81ǦzhurnalǦ6Ǧ26Ǧ27Ǧ09Ǧ2014/geograficheskieǦnauki.
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜ
Ɉɡɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɨɟ,
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɂɫɬɪɢɧɫɤɨɟ, Ɋɭɛɥɟɜɫɤɨɟ) // ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ, (ȽɄ ʋ 11 ɨɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɤɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɨ
08.12.2010), Ɇ 2011 ɫ. 226.
ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ ɩɨɱɜ).
10.
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
(Ɇɨɠɚɣɫɤɨɟ,
Ɋɭɡɫɤɨɟ,
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ
11. ɒɚɲɤɨɜ ɋ.ɇ., Ʉɚɥɭɝɢɧɚ Ʉ.ȼ.. ɉɈəɋɇɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ɁȺɉɂɋɄȺ Ʉ
ɋȼɈȾɇɈɆɍ
ɌɈɆɍ
ɉɊɈȿɄɌȺ
ɇɈɊɆȺɌɂȼɈȼ
ȾɈɉɍɋɌɂɆɈȽɈ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɦɵɜɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɚɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ, ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
//
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ ɈɈɈ "ȼȿȾ" Ɇ.,2009. ɫ. 92.
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ [2, 3]. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
12. ɗɞɟɥɶɲɬɟɣɧ Ʉ.Ʉ. ȼɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɭɬɢ
ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɇ.: ȽȿɈɋ, 1998. 277 ɫ.
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɲɤɚɥɵ ɛɚɥɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
13. Belchihina V.V. Using of the flood reservoir capacity for the improvement of
ɷɪɨɡɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ: 1 – ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ, 2 – ɫɥɚɛɚɹ,
river ecology. // Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Hydroinformatics,
3 – ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ, 4 – ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, 5 – ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ 6 – ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1)
ʋ 1647, HIC 2014, New York City, USA, pp. 1 - 4.
[4]. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ
14. Hyenstrand P., Blomqvist P., Pettersson A. Factors determining cyanobacterial
ɯɨɞɟ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ
success in aquatic systems: a literature review // Arch. Hydrobiol. Spec. Issues
ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ
Advanc. Limnol. 1998. Vol.51. P.41–62.
ɨɫɜɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ
15. Ilinich V.V. Search of Anti-Accident Function for Flood Flow Management by
ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɫ ɢɯ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ [5].
ɇɚ «ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɦ» ɫɤɥɨɧɟ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɝɢɟ ɢ ɤɪɭɬɵɟ
Water Reservoir // V.V. Ilinich. – Proceedings of 7-th International Conference on
Hydroinformatics. – Nica. – 2006. – p. 1025 -1031
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬ. ɤ. ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɬ
16. Ilinich V.V. Simulation water reservoir function. Scientifique de la procedure:1er
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ ɩɨɱɜ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
Séminaire International sur la Resso-urce en eau au sahara : Evaluation, Economie
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2)
et Protection, le 19 et 20 janvier 2011.Ouargla, 2011, p.18-21.
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɭɤɥɨɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ [6].
142
339
ɍȾɄ 528.94:55
ɗɪɨɡɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ
Ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɨɪɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɇ.ȼ. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɎȽȻɇɍ «ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ
ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ɂ ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɐɂɂ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɄɈɋɌəɄɈȼȺ», ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɢɯ ɷɪɨɞɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ: ɚ) ɢɯ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ; ɛ) ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɫɤɥɨɧɵ, ɷɪɨɞɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɦɚɥɵɟ ɪɟɤɢ, ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
The paper discusses the dependence of modern morphology of the slopes, their
erodibility and its impact on the pollution of water objects. Man-made objects are
sources as increase and reduce erosion activity. Human impacts on the slopes can be
considered as an element of their: a) natural evolution; b) the element of human
pressure on the environment.
Keywords: slopes, erodibility, pollution, water and man-made objects, small
rivers, soil, land monitoring, ecosystems.
ɍȾɄ 502/504
ɂɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ
Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɤɚ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ (ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ 97%).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
The article made a study on the definition of rational modes of operation of the
system of reservoirs using an imitation model. Considered information provision model.
The results of numerical imitation experiment on an example of the Ivankovskoye
Reservoir for catastrophically low water years (security 97%). It has been established
that the requirements of the Upper Volga Basin water users are satisfied completely.
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɷɪɨɞɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬ ɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ. ɋ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɬ
ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ.
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ȼɏɋ), ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ.
Ɉɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɗɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ
(ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ, ɩɨɱɜ, ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ (ȼɏɄ) ɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɚ ɫ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ)
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɚɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ ɩɨɱɜ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 56 ɢ 28 %), ɬɪɟɬɶɟ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ (ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ) ɩɨɱɜ (12 %) [1].
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɜ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ ɩɨɱɜ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦ ɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ.
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ȼɏɋ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɪɨɡɢɢ: ɡɚɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
338
143
ȼ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ
ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ. –
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ [1]. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
2009. – ȼɢɩɭɫɤ 3 (47). – ɋ. 117-123.
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ
3. Ƚɨɥɹɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨ-ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ
ɜ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɰɿ ɜɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ: ɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɫɜɿɞ ɬɚ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɿ ɪɟɚɥɿʀ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] /
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɥɹɧ , Ⱥɝɪɨɫɜɿɬ. – 2009. – ʋ5. – ɋ. 8-15.
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ
4. Water and sewerage Sector – Private Infrastructure Database [Electronic
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬ ɧɟɩɨɩɪɚɜɢɦɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ
recourse]. – 2011. – Mode of access: http://ppi.worldbank.org/explore/ppi_
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
exploreSector.asp?sectorID=4. – Date of access: 08.01.2011.
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɟ.
ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ,
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ
5. Araujo S. Public–Private Partnerships and Investment in Infrastructure / S.
ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ: ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ
Arauj, D. Sutherland // Economics Department Working Papers No.803. – Paris:
ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɤ ɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦɢ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ,
OECD, 2010. – 41 p.
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɨɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɟ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬ
6. Ɇɨɥɢɧɚ ȿ.ȼ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȿ.ȼ. Ɇɨɥɢɧɚ // ɉɪɨɦɟɬɟɣ. —
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɨɜ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
2008. — ʋ 2(26). — ɋ. 63-69.
ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɵɫɨɤ ɢ
7.Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨ-ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. –
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ
ȼɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɧɚ
ɬɨ,
ɱɬɨ
ɧɚ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ:
http:
//twinning-
water-services.org.ua/ua/documents/other-
documents/.
ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
8. Ɇɚɪɬɭɫɟɜɢɱ Ɋ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɪɬɭɫɟɜɢɱ, ɋ.Ȼ. ɋɢɩɚɟɜ, Ⱦ.ɘ. ɏɨɦɱɟɧɤɨ. – Ɇ.: Ɏɨɧɞ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
«ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ», 2006. – 240 ɫ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-
9. Ȼɭɬɧɢɤ Ɉ.Ɉ. Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨ-ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ.
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɫɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ
/
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
//www.dy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=709
Ɉ.Ɉ.
Ȼɭɬɧɢɤ
[ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫ].
–
Ɋɟɠɢɦ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ:
http:
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ. ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-
10. Ʉɭɦɟɰ ɇ.ɘ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨ-
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɟɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɚɜɬɨɪɟ. ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɚɧɞ. ɷɤɨɧ. ɇɚɭɤ:
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɩɟɰ. 08.00.05 «ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɦ: ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ,
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ
(ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ)» /ɇ.ɘ. Ʉɭɦɟɰ. – ɋɚɧɤ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, 2008. – 22 ɫ.
ɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɫ
ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɦ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ
–
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɦɢ,
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
144
337
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ,
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ:
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ ɜ ɥɭɱɲɭɸ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ Ɍ (Ɍ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ‫ݐ‬଴ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ‫ݐ‬ே ),
ɪɵɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɶ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ
ɨɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɜ
[1].
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɣ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ, ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɩɪɢ
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɵɱɚɝɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ,
ሬԦ
ሬԦ
ሬԦ ǡ ܷ
ሬԦǡ ‫ݐ‬൯ ൌ ‹௎ሬԦ ‫ ܯ‬൤σ்௧ୀ଴ ฬ௎೟ ି௎೚೛೟ฬ൨
ʣ൫ܸ
ሬԦ
(1)
௎೚೛೟
ɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɧɚɛɨɪ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ሬԦ ൌ ‫ܹܣ‬
ሬሬሬԦ ൅ ‫ܷܤ‬
ሬԦ
ܸ
(2)
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ሬԦ ൑ ܸ
ሬԦ ൑ ܸ
ሬԦ
ܸ
(3)
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ
ሬԦ ൒ Ͳ
ܷ
(4)
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ; ɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɵ - ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɦ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ሬԦ ൌ ܸ
ሬԦ – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ); ܸ
ሬԦ , ܸ
ሬԦ –
ሬሬሬԦ଴ , ɝɞɟ ܸ
ɩɪɢ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ, ܸ
ሬԦ–
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ; ܷ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ሬԦ௧ – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢɡ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ; ܷ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ.
ሬԦ௢௣௧ – ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ‫ܷ ;ݐ‬
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ɑɚɫɬɧɨ-ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ: ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ [ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɇ.:
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ, ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ, 2006. – 14 ɫ.
– Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://institutiones.com/general/1079-gosudarstvenno-chastnoepartnerstvo.html).
2. Ƚɨɥɹɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɜɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨ-ɩɪɢɜɚɬɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɜɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɥɹɧ // ȼɿɫɧɢɤ
336
ሬሬሬԦ – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ; ‫ – ݐ‬ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ; ‫ ܣ‬ɢ‫ – ܤ‬ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ; ܹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɉɪɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ
(ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ) ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ (1) – (4) ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ȼɏɋ.
145
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ (ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɢ - ɨɬ ɡɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜɢɞɵ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ) ɢ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. Ʉ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝ. ɑɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶ,
ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɟ
ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɟɟ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ.
ɪɹɞɵ
ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ
Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɤ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ,
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/15-2013/14 ɝɝ. (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ
ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ,
ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨ-Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝ. ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ, ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ
ɜɚɠɧɨ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ,
ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ,
ɩɨ
ɤɚɤɨɦɭ
ɜɢɞɭ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ: 1930/31 – 2013/14 ɝɝ. (84 ɝɨɞɚ). ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ
ɛɭɞɭɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ [10].
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɚ: t1: 1930/31 – 1958/59 ɝɝ. (29 ɥɟɬ), t2:
Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɮɟɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
1959/60 – 2013/14 ɝɝ. (55 ɥɟɬ) ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ: 1943/44 –
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
1947/48 ɝɝ. (5 ɥɟɬ), 1948/49 – 1953/54 ɝɝ. (6 ɥɟɬ), 1963/64 – 1966/67 ɝɝ. (4 ɝɨɞɚ),
ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ – ɜɟɞɶ ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ
1971/72 – 1982/83 ɝɝ. (12 ɥɟɬ). Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɢ, ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɬɨɤɚ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ȼ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ, ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ:
ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ
1. ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ 1914/15 – 1929/30 ɝɝ. (16 ɥɟɬ, ܹ˔˓ ൌ ͳͲͷ ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ);
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
3
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɜɚ
2. ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ 1930/31 – 1951/52 ɝɝ. (22 ɝɨɞɚ, ܹ˔˓ ൌ ͺͷǡͻ ɤɦ /ɝɨɞ);
3
3. ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ 1952/53 – 1958/59 ɝɝ. (7 ɥɟɬ, ܹ˔˓ ൌ ͳͳ͸ǡͺ ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ);
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ:
4. ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ 1959/60 – 1976/77 ɝɝ. (18 ɥɟɬ, ܹ˔˓ ൌ ͺ͸ǡͻ ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ);
1 – ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ (ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɟɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɢɫɤɚ: ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɤ);
5. ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ 1977/78 – 2013/14 ɝɝ. (37 ɥɟɬ, ܹ˔˓ ൌ ͳͳ͵ ɤɦ3/ɝɨɞ).
2 – ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ).
146
335
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ
2
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɹ.
1
Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɚɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ
0
Ȉ (Ki-1)
ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 150 ɥɟɬ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɣ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ ɢ
Ɋɢɦɫɤɨɣ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɢ.
t2
t1
-1
-2
-3
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜ
2015
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
1945
1940
1935
1930
ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ȼɨɥɝɚ
ɪ.ȼɨɥɝɚ
1925
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨɫɹɬ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɢɦ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ
-5
1920
-4
1915
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɧɢ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ, ɚɪɟɧɞɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ
1910
Ʉɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɢ - ɷɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚɹ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ
Ƚɨɞɵ
ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 1 Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɭ
ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/15 - 2013/14 ɝɝ.
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɧɨɪɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɵɱɚɝɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɟɪɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ.
ȼ-ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ,
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ
ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɟɪɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɸ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ [9].
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,
ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɋɒȺ, Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ, Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ, ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ,
Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ) ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɭɬɢ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɬɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ,
ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ
ɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɪɚɡɨɛɥɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɞɚɟɬ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ
ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɱɚɲɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ
ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɧɚ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɨɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ,
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.
ȼɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ ȼɏɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɧɚ
ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɟ
ɢ
ɜɧɟɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɟ.
Ʉ
ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɦ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ, ɪɵɛɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ, ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɹ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ⱥɪɝɟɧɬɢɧɚ, Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ).
334
147
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ; ɤ ɜɧɟɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɦ – ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ. ɋɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɟɧ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ.
ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɇɢɠɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ.
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ȼɚɠɧɨ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ
ɋ ɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ
ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɟ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɢɟ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ,
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ȿɞɢɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɧɭɸ. Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ
Ⱥɡɨɜɫɤɨɟ,
ɑɟɪɧɨɟ,
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɢ Ȼɟɥɨɟ ɦɨɪɹ.
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ. ɂ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ: ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɛɶɟɮɚɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɜ
ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ: ɞɥɹ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ – 121,7 ɦ,
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɧɨɜɶ
ɍɝɥɢɱɫɤɨɝɨ – 111,0 ɦ, Ɋɵɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ – 99,5 ɦ, Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ – 83,6 ɦ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ [8].
ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ – 63,0 ɦ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧ 3,6
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɲɥɸɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɵ.
ȼɨɞɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
Ɋɵɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢ
Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɹɞ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɢ
- ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ;
ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɧɢɠɟ Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
- ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ;
3
ɢ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 800 ɞɨ 1100 ɦ /ɫ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
- ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ Ɋɵɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ;
Ɋɵɛɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ
- ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
Ⱥɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɭ.
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɵɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɡɚɥɢɜɨɜ ɫ ɛɨɝɚɬɨɣ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɛɧɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
ȼɏɋ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɧɨ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɪɟɫɬɚ ɪɵɛɵ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɢɦɧɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ (ɍɉɋ), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɦɚɥɶɤɨɜ ɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ
ɪɵɛɵ ɨɫɟɜɲɢɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɥɶɞɚ.
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɤ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
148
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɥɠɫɤɨɣ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɜ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɟ
ɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
(ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ),
333
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ȼɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ [3].
Ɉɛɳɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ – ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɧ,
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ȼɨɥɝɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ
ɜɨɞɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɜ.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɠɟɥɚɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ,
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ
ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1990-2009 ɝɝ. ɜ
ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ, ɍɝɥɢɱɫɤɚɹ ɢ Ɋɵɛɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ƚɗɋ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ 715 ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ (ɈȾɍ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ), ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɫɤɚɹ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ 60,280 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ.
Ƚɗɋ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɈȾɍ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ.
ɮɨɪɦ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ Ƚɗɋ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ «ɫ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ (ɇɉɍ), ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɵɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ
ɧɭɥɹ» (Greenfield project), ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ - ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɢ. ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ: ɞɥɹ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ – 300 ɦ³/ɫ, ɍɝɥɢɱɫɤɨɝɨ – 1300 ɦ³/ɫ,
ɤɨɧɰɟɫɫɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ 38687 ɦɥɧ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ,
Ɋɵɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ – 3600 ɦ³/ɫ, ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ – 5000 ɦ³/ɫ, ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ – 12800
ɚ «ɫ ɧɭɥɹ» - 12788 ɦɥɧ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ [4].
ɦ³/ɫ [5, 6, 7, 8].
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ
ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ
61
ɫɬɪɚɧɭ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɫɪɟɞɢ
ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ
ɰɟɥɶ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 1994-2007 ɝɝ. ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ 362
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɫɭɛɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɛɶɟɮɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ 45 ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 18 ɥɟɬ [5].
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɇɨ, ɟɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɤ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɵɥ ɭɱɬɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ
ɝɨɞɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ȼɏɋ.
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ. Ɍɚɤ Ɇɨɥɢɧɚ ȿ.ȼ. ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
«...ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ
ɜ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ 10-40%, ɜ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɛɶɟɮɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ
ɒɨɬɥɚɧɞɢɢ - ɧɚ 20%, ɜ ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɢ - ɧɚ 25-30%»[6, ɫ.65]. ɋ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚ
ɧɚ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ 1975 ɝɨɞ ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪ=97% (ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɚ ɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ȼɨɥɝɚ).
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ
332
149
ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɤ
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦ. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɞɥɹ
ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ
ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ,
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ (ɚɩɪɟɥɶ, ɦɚɣ, ɢɸɧɶ) ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɟɤɚɞɟ, ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɠɟɧɢ (ɢɸɥɶ, ɚɜɝɭɫɬ, ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ, ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ, ɧɨɹɛɪɶ, ɞɟɤɚɛɪɶ, ɦɚɪɬ) – ɩɨɦɟɫɹɱɧɨ,
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ɋɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ
ɜɫɟɝɨ 18 ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ.
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɯ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ…»
ɰɟɥɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ - ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɍɆɈ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ – ɨɬ ɍɆɈ ɞɨ ɇɉɍ.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ
Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚɦɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɯ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 2005 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ,
ɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɭɸ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ - ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ.
ɇɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ
ɫɚɦɵɣ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ. ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ
ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ. ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ.
Ɇɢɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ
ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɢɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɭɛɟɠɞɚɟɬ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ
ɜ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ.
ɇɟɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ - ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ) ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ,
ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ
150
331
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ 1975 ɝɨɞɚ
ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɛ
ʋ
ɞɟɧɶ
ɦɟɫ
ɞɟɧɶ
ɤɨɧɟɰ
ɦɟɫ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɹ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɢɫɤɢ.
ɧɚɱɚɥɨ
1
4
1
4
11
2
4
11
4
21
3
4
21
5
1
4
5
1
5
11
5
5
11
5
21
6
5
21
6
1
7
6
1
6
11
8
6
11
6
21
9
6
21
7
1
10
7
1
8
1
11
8
1
9
1
12
9
1
10
1
13
10
1
11
1
14
11
1
12
1
15
12
1
1
1
16
1
1
2
1
17
2
1
3
1
18
3
1
4
1
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ
ɫɮɟɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ
ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ. ɗɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨ
ɜɫɟɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ, ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɨɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞ, ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
ɢ
ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ
ɞɢɫɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ
90-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɤɚɤ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
(ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɚɹ)
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɚ
ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
10
10
10
Ɉɛɴɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ,
ɦɥɧ.ɦ³
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
(ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ), ɦɥɧ.ɦ³
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
Ȼɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ,,
ɦɥɧ.ɦ³
ɭɫɩɟɯɚɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɞɧɟɣ
ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɞɚɬɵ
1387,
9
1080,5
772,6
424,5
10
230,5
10
146,7
11
199,1
10
172,5
10
186
10
31
127
345,3
31
226
30
190,5
31
205,8
30
166,8
31
186,5
31
28
31
213,5
149
154,4
365 5479,4
2174,6 34,5
1095
1120
1124,5
1120
1133,4
1141,7
1132,1
1137,6
1129,5
1076,4
1025,2
962
882,2
831,1
799,9
716
532,9
251,4
123,9
1096,
4
14,5
123,9
691,2
25,0
124
342,0
4,5
124
155,5
-4,5
124
90,5
13,4
124
114,0
8,3
124,1
103,7
-9,6
124
138,2
5,5
124,1
54,4
-8,0
124
147,3
-53,0
123,9
80,4
-51,3
123,7
57,3
-63,2
123,5
66,2
-79,8
123,2
78,0
-51,2
123
93,7
-31,1
122,9
56,8
-83,9
122,5
53,5
183,2
121,5
147,3
-296,1
-
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɡɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ.
330
151
123, 1123,
9
2
123,
691,2
9
124,
328,3
0
124,
155,5
0
124,
78,6
0
124,
114,0
0
124,
103,7
0
124,
138,2
0
124,
54,4
0
123,
147,3
9
123,
80,4
8
123,
77,8
7
123,
80,4
5
123,
90,7
2
122,
93,7
9
122,
93,7
7
122,
96,8
5
121,
147,3
8
3566,4
26,8
39,3
0,74
0,0
66,1
0,74
0,0
56,8
0,74
0,0
69,7
0,84
0,0
59,9
0,84
0,0
70,8
0,84
0,0
59,7
0,88
0,0
56,5
0,88
0,0
66,2
0,88
0,0
202,8
3,19
0,0
195,2
3,65
20,5
180,6
3,75
14,2
199,4
3,42
12,7
165,3
3,31
0,0
140,6
3,19
37,0
185,3
2,51
43,3
172,4
2,06
0,0
188,0
2,05
Ȼɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɦɥɧ ɦ³
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ - ɜ 80-90-ɯ
Ɂɚɛɨɪ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥ
ɢɦ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɦɥɧ.ɦ³
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ,
Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ,
ɦɥɧ.ɦ³
ɝɚɡɨ-,
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɩɭɫɤ,
ɦɥɧ.ɦ³
ɬɟɩɥɨ-,
(ɜɨɞɨ-,
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɦ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ
ɉɨɩɭɫɤ ɢɡ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɦ³/ɫ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɍɪɨɜɧɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ
ɮɨɪɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ, ɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɚ)
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ
ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɤɚɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɬɭ
125,0
Ɏɉɍ=124,2
Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɦ
124,0
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ [1].
ɇɉɍ=124,0
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
123,0
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɇɍ=121,7
122,0
ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢɯ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
121,0
ɢ
120,0
ɍɆɈ=119,5
8.1
9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 1.1
2.1
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ
ɛɚɡɭ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ.
119,0
4.1 4.11 4.21 5.1 5.11 5.21 6.1 6.11 6.21 7.1
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɑɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ
3.1
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɍɆɈ
ɇɉɍ
Ɏɉɍ
Ɇɇɍ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ.
ɛ)
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ, ɦ³/ɫ
Ɍɚɤ, ɜɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ,
1400
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ, ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ
1200
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ
1000
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫ
800
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɟɟ. ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ - ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɱɢɹ
600
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɶɝɨɬ, ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
400
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
200
ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
0
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɤɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ [2, ɫ. 119]. Ȼɢɡɧɟɫ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2 Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɚ) ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɭ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɛ) ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚɦ
ɭɞɟɥɹɥɢ
ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɢ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ: ȼ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɥɹɧ, Ɇ.ȼ. Ⱦɟɪɹɛɢɧɚ, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɪɚɝɚɧ, ɇ.Ƚ. Ⱦɭɞɤɨ,
ȼ.ɇ. Ɇɨɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, Ɇ.Ⱥ.ɏɜɟɫɢɤ, ȼ.ɂ. əɤɭɧɢɧ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
152
329
ɍȾɄ 330.15: 627.12
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ
Ʌ.ȼ. Ʌɟɜɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
Ʉ.ɂ. Ɋɵɠɨɜɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȿ ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ «ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄɂ
ɉɊɂɊɈȾɈɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɍɋɌɈɃɑɂȼɈȽɈ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə
ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɃ ȺɄȺȾȿɆɂɂ ɇȺɍɄ ɍɄɊȺɂɇɕ»,
ɝ. Ʉɢɟɜ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɇ. ɗ. Ʉɨɜɲɭɧ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ȼɈȾɇɈȽɈ ɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȺ ɂ
ɉɊɂɊɈȾɈɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə,
ɝ. Ɋɨɜɧɨ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ,
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ.
Public-private partnership is seen as an economic tool for solving the current
problems of water management in Ukraine. It is based on the development of
competition and the formation of a contractual relationship between water utilities
and local governments Keywords: public-private partnership, water management,
water supply, sewerage, the private sector.
ȼ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ, ɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ Public-Private Partnership (PPP). ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ. ȼ
ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ
ɛɶɟɮɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɧɢɠɟ Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɢɦɧɟɣ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ», ɱɬɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɫɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɪɵɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ȼɨɪɨɩɚɟɜ Ƚ.ȼ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ȺɪɚɥɨɄɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. / Ƚ.ȼ. ȼɨɪɨɩɚɟɜ, Ƚ.ɏ. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜ; – Ɇ.:
ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2003. – 427 ɫ.
2. ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ «ɉɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɟ» – ɎȽɍɉ «ɐɟɧɬɪ Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɢ
ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ». Ɇ., 2011.
3. ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ «ɉɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɍɝɥɢɱɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɟ» – ɎȽɍɉ «ɐɟɧɬɪ Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɢ
ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ». Ɇ., 2011.
4. ɉɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ «ɉɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
Ɋɵɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ» – ɎȽɍɉ «ɐɟɧɬɪ Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɢ
ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɚ». Ɇ., 2011.
5. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɟ. Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ
ɊɋɎɋɊ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1983 ɝ.
6. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɍɝɥɢɱɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ ɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɟ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1963 ɝ.
7. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ Ɋɵɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɟ. Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɊɋɎɋɊ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1983 ɝ.
8. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɪ. ȼɨɥɝɟ (ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ). Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɊɋɎɋɊ.
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1982 ɝ.
"ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ" (Ƚɑɉ). Ȼɭɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
328
153
2
2
ɍȾɄ 502/504:556.16
. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɧɤɨ ɉ.ɂ., ɑɚɥɵɣ Ȼ.ɂ.,Ɍɵɲɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɇ.: ɍɪɨɠɚɣ, 1991.–168ɫ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
Ƚ.ɏ.ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ƚ.Ⱥ.ȼɚɝɚɧɨɜ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤ I ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ – ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3
. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɨɪɚ. Ɇ.: Ɋɨɫɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɢɡɞɚɬ, 1976.–236 ɫ.
4
.
ɉɚɬ.
2233074
ɊɎ.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ / ɉɵɥɟɧɨɤ ɉ.ɂ., Ȼɨɪɨɞɵɱɟɜ ȼ.ȼ., ɋɚɥɞɚɟɜ
Ⱥ.Ɇ. // Ɉɩɭɛɥ. 27.07.2004
5
. Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
58819 ɆɄɂ ȿ 02 ȼ 11/00.
Ⱦɪɟɧɚɠɧɚ ɟɤɪɚɧɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ / Ɍɤɚɱɭɤ Ɇ.Ɇ., Ɍɤɚɱɭɤ Ɋ.Ɇ., Ʉɥɿɦɨɜ
ɋ.ȼ. ʋ2002118728 Ɂɚɹɜɥɟɧɨ 04.11.2002; ȼɢɞɚɧɨ 15.08.2003, Ȼɸɥ. ʋ 8. – 2 ɫ.
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ,
ɨɛɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤ
ɠɟ ɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
6
. Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ 5329 ɆɄɂ ȿ 02 ȼ 11/00. Ⱦɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-
ɟɤɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ / Ʉɨɠɭɲɤɨ Ʌ.Ɏ., Ɍɤɚɱɭɤ Ɇ.Ɇ., Ɍɤɚɱɭɤ Ɋ.Ɇ., Ʉɥɿɦɨɜ ɋ.ȼ.
ʋ2004010255 Ɂɚɹɜɥɟɧɨ 13.01.2004; ȼɢɞɚɧɨ 15.03.2005, Ȼɸɥ. ʋ 3. – 2 ɫ.
The article discusses the operating modes are Kama cascade of reservoirs,
generalized mathematical formulation of the simulation, analyzes the source of
hydrological information, as well as assesses the results of the simulation.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ
7
. Ɍɤɚɱɭɤ Ɇ.Ɇ., Ʉɥɿɦɨɜ ɋ.ȼ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɢɯ
ɦɨɞɭɥɿɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɝɿɞɪɨɦɟɥɿɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɝɭɦɿɞɧɿɣ ɡɨɧɿ // ȼɿɫɧɢɤ
ɊȾɌɍ. Ɂɛ. ɧɚɭɤ. ɩɪ. ȼɢɩ. 3 (16). – Ɋɿɜɧɟ. – 2002. – ɋ.89–99.
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɟɤ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
8
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɭɥɿɜ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɞɪɟɧɢ. Ɍɤɚɱɭɤ Ɇ.Ɇ., Ʉɥɿɦɨɜ ɋ.ȼ., əɤɨɜɟɰɶ ɉ.ɉ.,
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɤɨɦ.
. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɟɤɪɚɧɭ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɟɤɪɚɧɧɢɯ
ɇɟɦɨɥɨɜɫɶɤɚ ɇ.Ⱥ. // ȼɿɫɧɢɤ ɇɍȼȽɉ. Ɂɛ. ɧɚɭɤ. ɩɪɚɰɶ. ȼ.4(40) – Ɋɿɜɧɟ, 2007.,
ȼ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɟ
ɋ.364–369
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɜɲɢɟ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
9
. ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨ Ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɣɦɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱦɭɧɚɣ: Ⱦɢɫ. ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ: 06.01.02.– Ɋɨɜɧɨ, 1980–279ɫ.
ɞɟɲɟɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
10
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɟ
ɩɨɱɜɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. /ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ ɪ.
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɭɧɚɹ/: Ⱦɢɫ. ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ: 06.01.02. – Ɋɨɜɧɨ, 1975 – 243ɫ
. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜ ɋ.ȼ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɪɢɫɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɵ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ (ɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ - ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ)
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ (ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ) ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɢɯ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ, ɫ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
154
327
3
ɋɩɚɞ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɤ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ (ɜɨɞɧɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɦɢ) ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ
ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɭ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɍȽȼ ȽɆɋ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 0,1 ɦ ɩɪɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ
ɉɎɗ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ [1].
ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɉɎɗ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 0,25 ɦ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɧɵ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɢɬɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ȾɗɆ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɉɎɗ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɤ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɷɤɫɤɚɜɚɬɨɪɨɦ-
ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɜɵɦ
ɞɪɟɧɨɭɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɲɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɛɟɫɬɪɚɧɲɟɣɧɨɣ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɭɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɉɎɗ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɟɫɬɪɚɧɲɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ.
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ
ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɤ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ
Ʉɥɢɦɨɜ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɢɱ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ; ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ; ɭɱɟɬ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ) ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ;
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ɍɟɥ. +38 (098) 053-9790, E-mail: [email protected]
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɣ (ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɢ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ.
Sergey Klimov, PhD, Associate Professor (National university of water management
and nature resources use, Rivne)
ɉɢɧɱɭɤ Ɉɥɟɝ Ʌɟɨɧɢɞɨɜɢɱ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ɍɟɥ. +38 (096) 731-02-51 E-mail: [email protected]
Pinchuk O. L., PhD, (National university of water management and nature resources
use, Rivne)
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ
ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɨɣ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɪɟɡɤɨɟ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ
ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ȼɊɋ.
RECONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN THE HUMID ZONE
WITH LOCALIZATION OF THEIR ACTIONS
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1
(ȼɊɋ)
. ɉɵɥɟɧɨɤ ɉ.ɂ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ ɞɢɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ.
ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ. Ɇ., 1985
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɹɞ ɥɟɬ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜɡɚɢɦɨɭɜɹɡɚɧɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɫɥɨɠɟɧ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɊɋ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ [2].
326
155
4
Ɉɛɳɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɫɟɤɚɯ ɥɨɬɤɚ H1=0.9ɦ, H2=0,4ɦ, ɜɢɞɧɨ
ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ (ɄɄȼ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
(ɪɢɫ.4), ɱɬɨ ɞɪɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
(ɫɭɛɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ) ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨɞɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ.
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ: ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ȾɗɆ (ɪɢɫ. 2) ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɉɎɗ,
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥ
JG JG
Ɏ(V ,U , t )
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ 1ɦ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
JG JG
ª T U t U opt º
JG
min
JJG M « ¦
»
U
¬« t 0 U opt ¼»
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɤɫɤɚɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ-ɞɪɟɧɨɭɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɗɌɐ-
(1)
203.
ɩɪɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɯ
V
AW BU ,
V dV dV
U t0
(2)
,
(3)
(4)
JG
JG JG
JG
ɩɪɢ t 0, V V 0 , ɝɞɟ V ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ); V ,
JG
JG
V – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ; U –
ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ; U t – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢɡ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ t ; U opt – ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɚ)
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ; W – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ; t -ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ; A ɢ B -ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛ)
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɢ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɥɨɬɤɚɯ: ɚ – ɛɟɡ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ; ɛ – ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ (1) – (4) ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ,
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ) ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɍɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ȽɆɋ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ (1) – (4) ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ, ɱɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ȽɆɋ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɜ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨ-ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ.
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
156
325
5
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɉɎɗ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ – ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ [8], ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɤɪɚɸ ɉɎɗ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɜ ɜɢɞɟ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɛɵɥ
ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɫɬɨɤɨɜɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɡɚ
100-ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. Ⱦɨ 1949 ɝ. ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ, ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨ ɭɠɟ ɫ 1949 ɝ. ɧɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɟɧɵ b1 ɨɬ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɫɨ
ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪ.Ʉɚɦɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/15-2013/14 ɝɝ. (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ
‫(گ‬Ki-1)
ɉɎɗ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
2.00
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɤ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɭ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
1.50
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪ.
1.00
ˀ̨̨̦̭̯̦̌̚Ͳ̡̨̨̨̨̨̡̛̛̦̯̖̬̣̦̬̭̯̬̐̌̽̌́̏̌́̐̔̏̐̌.ʶ̨̥̼̭̯̬̖̌̏̏ʻ̡̡̨̨̛̙̦̖̥̭̌̐
̨̛̬̱̣̐̔̌̚
27
0.00
ɫɩɚɞɚ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ
-1.00
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɞɨ 1 ɦ, ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ
-1.50
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
-2.00
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ.
-2.50
-3.00
1910
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ʿ̵̴̨̖̬̖̦̔̌́̌̌̚
-0.50
ɉɎɗ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɫɩɚɞ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ
26
26
0.50
ɂɡ ɪɚɛɨɬ Ȼ.ɂ. ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɚ [9] ɢ ɋ.ȼ.Ʉɨɜɚɥɺɜɚ [10] ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɟɪɢɹ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ bn
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ b ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ
ɛɵɥɚ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
ʧ̨̼̔
ɫ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɪ. Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɇɢɠɧɟɤɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ.
ɉɎɗ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ
324
157
6
(ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɷɬɭ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ, ɦɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ Ⱦɚɪɫɢ).
ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɐɢɤɥɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɫ 1928/29 ɩɨ
2008/09 ɝɝ. Ɇɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ 1928/29 ɩɨ
1976/77 ɝɝ. ȼ ɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɧɟɣ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ 1977/78 ɩɨ 2008/09 ɝɝ.
ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ:
1966/67 – 1971/72, 1974/75 – 1978/79, 1987/88 – 1995/96 ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɞɚɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ,
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ: 1 – ɉɎɗ; 2 – ɞɪɟɧɚ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɥɟɬ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
ɫɬɨɤ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ (N)
(Wɫɪ3),
ɤɦ
16
102,5
1914-1929
48
86,1
1930-1977
33
101,8
1978-2010
100
94,2
1914-2013
ɂɡ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ
(Cv)
0,25
0,20
0,16
0,21
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɜɵɜɨɞ,
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɢ
ɰɢɢ
(ɋs)
0,32
0,44
0,09
0,54
0,33
0,21
0,34
0,49
ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȾɗɆ [7]:
q
ɡɚɞɚɱ
·
§
¨ bb
2S+ 2 l ¸ ,
1
¸
¨
k Z
¨ b b1 ln 4t C ¸
¸
¨
d
¹
©
ɝɞɟ Ȧ – ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɪɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ij=const); t – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɦ, d – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɞɪɟɧɵ,
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɦ; ɋ – ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɧɵ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɥɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.
(ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ) ɫɬɨɤɨɦ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɨɬ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ
ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɟɧɵ:
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɵ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
b1
Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ 1914-2013 ɝɝ. ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ
b
bn b 2 H 12 2 ˜ bn ˜ L1 .
bn b 2 H 12 2 ˜ bn ˜ L1
ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.
158
(1)
323
(2)
ɝ)
110
100
90
80
ɜ)
70
60
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
50
40
30
0
10
20
0
159
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914-2013 ɝɝ.
ɚ) Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ, ɛ) Ɂɢɦɧɢɣ, ɜ) ȼɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ, ɝ) Ʌɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
5
10
15
20
30
40
60
ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ) ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ (ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ) ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ
322
25
30
35
20
50
60
80
70
ˁ̨̡̯,W̡̥3
90
0
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ ɤ ɷɤɪɚɧɭ (ɩɨɬɟɪɢ
W(t)=0,0222t+31,075
90
80
70
60
10
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ q2 (ɪɢɫ. 2).
20
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ, ɢ ɫɨ
10
ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɪɟɧɟ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ: q1 – ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̛̛̦̥̌̌
̨̨̡̖̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̏̐̌)
ȾɗɆ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
50
ʪ̡̨̨̨̨̨̡̛̛̦̥̭̯̌̌̐̔̏̐̌
ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɉɎɗ ɢ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
40
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȾɗɆ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ
30
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɉɎɗ ȾɗɆ
20
ɉɎɗ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɟ).
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̨̨̨̨̛̛̦̥̌̌̐̔̏̐
̨̡̭̯̌)
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
100
W(t)=0,0689t+50,569
110
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
ɛ)
40
40
14
ɧɚ
50
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɚ)
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
ʪ̡̨̨̡̛̛̦̥̖̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̌̌̏̐̌
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɋɬɨɤ, W ɤɦ3
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ
ɋɬɨɤ, W ɤɦ3
ɷɤɪɚɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɞ). ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
0
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɝ), ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̛̛̦̥̣̖̯̦̖̌̌Ͳ
̨̨̨̡̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̐̌)
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
0
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
2
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
12
ɩɭɬɢ
30
ɷɤɪɚɧɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɪɟɧɚɦɢ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɜ), ɢɥɢ
20
ʪ̡̨̨̡̛̛̛̦̥̥̦̖̭̯̌̌̐̌̚
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ
10
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɎɗ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪ (3) ɧɚ 0,3…0,5 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.1, ɛ). ɉɪɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
80
50
ɫɥɨɹ
30
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ
ʪ̡̛̛̦̥̣̖̯̦̖̌̌Ͳ̨̨̨̡̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̐̌
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
4
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɨɬ
40
ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
6
ɉɪɢ
ɜ
8
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
ɞɪɟɧɵ
10
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̨̛̛̛̦̥̥̦̖̌̌̐̚
̨̡̭̯̌)
ɡɨɧ
ɋɬɨɤ, W ɤɦ3
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
W(t)=0,0166t+15,56
110
110
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɎɗ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
70
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɉɎɗ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
60
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ (ɉɎɗ) (ɪɢɫ.1, ɚ) [6]. Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
90
W(t)=0,03t+3,934
100
(ȾɗɆ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɟ
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɇɍȼɏɉ (Ɋɨɜɧɨ) ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ
7
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
ɧɚ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ (Ɉɋ) ɫ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɜɨɞ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ
ɜɨɞɵ). ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ Ɉɋ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɍȽȼ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɧɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɟ.
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 26% ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ, ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚ 22%, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚ 52% [3].
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
οܹɜɟɫɧɚ ǡ ˍˏ͵
οܹɥɟɬɨ
െ ɨɫɟɧɶǡ ˍˏ͵
οܹɦɟɠɟɧɶ
ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦǡ ˍˏ͵
οܹɡɢɦɚ ǡ ˍˏ͵
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ
οܹɝɨɞ ˍˏ͵
ɤɚɤ ɋ.Ɏ.Ⱥɜɟɪɶɹɧɨɜ, Ȼ.ɋ. Ɇɚɫɥɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. əɧɝɨɥɶ, Ⱥ.Ⱦ.ɉɚɧɚɞɢɚɞɢ, Ʉ.ȿ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ,
Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɟ
1914-2013 ɝɝ.
2,2
1,64
4,62
2,97
Ⱥ.ɂ. ɂɜɢɰɤɢɣ, ɉ.ɂ. ɉɵɥɟɧɨɤ, ɉ.ɂ.Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɧɤɨ, Ȼ.ɂ. ɑɚɥɢɣ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɍɵɲɟɧɤɨ,
6,82
Ⱥ.ȼ.əɰɢɤ ɢ ɞɪ.
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɟ
1914-2013 ɝɝ.
0,41
0,38
1914-2013 ɝɝ.
-5,4
0,97
0,48
0,86
1,27
4,38
-1,0
ɉɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ɉɋ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɇɢɠɧɟɤɚɦɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ Ɉɋ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ
3,41
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ. Ɇɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɬɨɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 4,62 ɤɦ3 ɚ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɧɚ 2,2 ɤɦ3. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ
ɤɪɨɸɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɦɦ (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɨɤ ɪ.Ʉɚɦɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 68,2 ɦɥɧ ɦ3.
Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ,
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɤɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɪɵɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ
Ɉɋ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɹɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ – ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ
ɧɚɝɨɪɧɨ-ɥɨɜɱɢɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɫ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɲɚɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ
ɫɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ 20 ɞɨ 200 ɦ [4]. Ɇɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ɉɋ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɯ ɞɪɟɧ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ [5].
ɇɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɫɭɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɜɚɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ.
ɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ:
ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ 1020 Ɇȼɬ;
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɭɪɛɢɧ 7000 ɦ3/ɫ.
160
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɡɨɧɵ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ
t,ɨC
(ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ) ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ P,
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ,
Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 6,82 ɤɦ3. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɫɧɚ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 2 ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 2 ɡɚ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ
321
ɍȾɄ 626.862.2
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ:
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ɋ.ȼ. ɄɅɂɆɈȼ, Ɉ. Ʌ. ɉɂɇɑɍɄ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɝ. Ɋɨɜɧɨ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 87,0 ɦ;
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 66,0 ɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɦ
ɊȿɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə ȽɂȾɊɈɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɁɈɇɕ ɂɁȻɕɌɈɑɇɈȽɈ
ɍȼɅȺɀɇȿɇɂə ɋ ɅɈɄȺɅɂɁȺɐɂȿɃ ɂɏ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɟɥ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 1300 ɦ3/ɫ;
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɠɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 84,0 ɦ;
ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧɵ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɫ 01 ɦɚɹ ɩɨ 01 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ.
ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ:
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ.
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɟɥ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 400
ɦ3/ɫ).
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ:
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ – ɨɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ,
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɞɪ. ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɨ
2…3 ɤɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ [1]. ɗɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ (ɍȽȼ) ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɪɵɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɧɟɪɟɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ (ɫ 10 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɩɨ 10
ɢɸɧɹ) ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ. Ɂɢɦɧɸɸ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɝɨɪɧɨ-ɥɨɜɱɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ.
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ, ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ, ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ [2]. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ
320
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ, ɚ ɡɢɦɨɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ
Reconstruction of drainage systems, drainage-screened modules.
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɢɡ
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ 62,7 ɦ (ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ
screen modules.
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝ. ɋɚɪɚɩɭɥ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ
surrounding area and the increasing rate of land use in the application drainage-
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɡɚɛɨɪɚ
ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ 0,1 ɤɦ3 ɜ ɝɨɞ;
systems in the humid zone with decreasing area of their influence on the
ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 0,3 ɤɦ3, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
The article deals with the analysis of possible reconstruction of drainage
Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȼɤɪɚɬɰɟ ɨɛ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɢɠɟ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɢ, ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 66,0 ɦ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɟ ɲɥɸɡɚ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɛɵɥɨ
161
3
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ 850-900 ɦ /ɫ, ɬɨ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɠɟ
1200-1250 ɦ3/ɫ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ
1300-1400
ɦ3/ɫ.
ɂɬɚɤ
ɩɨ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 01 ɦɚɹ ɩɨ 01 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ:
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 850 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 99,9%;
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 1200 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 77,2%;
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 1300 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 64,4%;
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 1400 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 4,0%.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ
Ɍ.ɟ. ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ 64,4%, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɂɦɟɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 80 ɞɨ 95
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 3 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ 1982/83 ɝɝ., P=80%. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ
Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ 350 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 2732 ɦ3, ɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɫɵɩɤɢ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɦɛ 1742 ɦ3.
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɫ 10 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɩɨ 01 ɢɸɧɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ȼȻ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɤ ɇɉɍ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ
ɫɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɫ 01 ɢɸɥɹ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɜɢɞɧɨ,
ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ.
ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
1.
Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɞɨɨɬɥɢɜ ɢ ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]:
ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ, ɂ.ɉ. Ʉɢɪɨɜ. Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ., 1980. 304 ɫ.
2.
Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. Ɂɟɦɥɢ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ȽɈɋɌ 17.5.3.04-83: ɭɬɜ. ɉɨɫɬ. Ƚɨɫ. ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɋɋɋɊ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɨɬ 30.03.83:
ɜɜɨɞ. ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ 01.07.1984 Ɇ.: ɂɉɄ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ, 2002 8ɫ.
3.
Ɍɨɦɚɤɨɜ, ɂ.ɂ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ.ɂ. Ɍɨɦɚɤɨɜ, ȼ.ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ. Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ
ɆȽȽɍ, 1994. 435 ɫ.
162
319
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ - ɷɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɢ;
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ.
2.1
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ
1.1
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɥɚ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɨɫɶ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ 4 ɭɝɥɚ
ɡɟɦɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ
4.11
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɱɚɳɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦ
ʿ̨̡̪̱̭̏ʻʥ,̥3/̭
318
163
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
4.1
ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫ. 4).
ʮ̖̣.̨̡̪̪̱̭,̥3/̭
ˇʿ˄
˄ʺʽ
ʺ̨̨̡̖̣̦̼̜̪̪̱̭̔̽,̥3/̭
ʻʿ˄
ʺ̛̦. ̦̌ ̛̏̐.̨̱̬̖̦̽
6.1
4.21
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ. ȼɜɢɞɭ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ, ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ
ˇ̌ ̡̯.̨̡̪̪̱̭,̥3/̭
ˇ̌ ̡̯.̨̯̥.ʦʥ,̥
ʮ̖̣.̨̯̥.,̥
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
5.21
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
5.11
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ
5.1
ȼɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ, ɫ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ
6.11
ʺ̛̦.̶̛̦̌̏̐̌.̨̡̪̪̱̭̏ʻʥ=1300 ̥3/̭
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3. ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ
6.21
ʺʻ˄=87,00 ̥
7.1
8.1
9.1
10.1
11.1
11.11
11.21
˄ʺʽ=84,00 ̥
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3).
ʻʿ˄=89,00 ̥
ˇʿ˄=90,00 ̥
ɜɵɱɟɪɱɟɧ ɫ ɭɤɥɨɧɨɦ 30‰ ɞɨ ɢ 5‰ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɚ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ
12.1
ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɚ,
ʺ̛̦. ̦̌ ̛̏̐.̨̡̪̪̱̭̏ʻʥ
ʺ̨̨̖̣̦̼̖̯̥̔̽.ʦʥ,̥
3.1
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ 1982/83 ɝɝ., P=80%
80
82
84
86
88
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɨɫ - ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ m=1.5. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
90
92
ɝɪɟɛɟɧɶ ɞɚɦɛɵ - ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 2 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
ʽ̡̯̥̖̯̌ʦʥ,̥ʥˁ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ
1. Clites Anne H., Quinn Frank H., The History of Lake Superior Regulation:
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
Implications for the Future. ̽ J. Great Lakes Res. 29(1):157̽171.: Internat.
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɭɤɥɨɧ
Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 2003
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɩɢɤɟɬɚɠ,
2. ȼɨɪɨɩɚɟɜ Ƚ.ȼ., ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ Ƚ. ɏ. , Ɏɺɞɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ Ⱥɪɚɥɨ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.-Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2003. -
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɢɤɟɬɚɠɭ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɫɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɝɪɚɮɚɦɢ ɛɨɤɨɜɢɤɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ.
Ɍɪɟɬɶɢɦ
427ɫ.
ɷɬɚɩɨɦ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɤɥɨɧ, ɬɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɜɪɟɡɤɢ ɜ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ AutoCAD Civil 3D
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɱɟɪɬɢɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɛɭɞɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ.
ȼɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɤɥɨɧɚ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ, ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɚɫɵɩɧɵɟ ɞɚɦɛɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ (ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ),
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ.
1. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ:
ɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ - ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 4 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
ɨɬɤɨɫ - ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ m=1.5. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ - ɷɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɢ;
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ.
2. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ:
ɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ - ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 4 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɨɫ - ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ
ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ m=1.5 ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ 1,3 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
164
317
ɍȾɄ 504
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
.
ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɊȽȺɍ – ɆɋɏȺ ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ.
ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɂ. ȼ. ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɎȽȻɈɍ
ȼɉɈ ɌɜȽɍ
Ʉɭɥɶɧɟɜ ȼ. ȼ. ɤ.ɝ.ɧ., ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ», ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɇɉɈ «Ⱥɥɶɝɨɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ».
Ȼɚɡɚɪɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.ȼ. ɞ.ɮ-ɦ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ
«ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ»
ɀɨɝɢɧ ɂ. Ɇ., ɡɚɜ.ɥɚɛ. Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ Ɇɚɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɊȽȺɍ – ɆɋɏȺ
ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2. ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ȼɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɥɢɲɶ
ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɨɫɶ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɢ
ɤɨɧɟɰ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɱɚɥɭ
ɢ
ɤɨɧɰɭ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ «ɞɧɨ ɜ ɞɧɨ». ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɭɤɥɨɧ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɧɨ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ,
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ, ɬɟɦ
ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɭɤɥɨɧ ɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ
ɪɭɫɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ, ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɤ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɣ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɟɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɟɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡ, Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ, ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɵɣ ɲɬɚɦɦ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ, ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
Abstract. In this paper, we present a method for modeling and analysis of
resistance of water objects to anthropogenic loads based on the construction of
multifractal spectra, taking into account the heterogeneity of the host ecosystem.
An ecological status is offered to be evaluated by placing the obtained multifractal
image on the selected forms of its threshold and critical organization
corresponding to the limits of ecosystem self-healing ability and its structural and
functional integrity.
Key words: algiers, Maturske water reservoir, cyanobacteria, planktonic
strain of Chlorella, ecosystem, fractal analysis
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɢɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ
316
165
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ,
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚ
ɩɨɞɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɦ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
AutoCAD
Civil
3D
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɨɫɶ ɜɵɩɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢ
ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɵ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɥɢɬɟɛɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɳɭɬɢɦɵɦɢ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɬɵ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ ɜ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ
ɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. ɇɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɜɨɞɭ ɰɢɚɧɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ȼ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
«ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ»
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɬɫɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ: ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɞɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɯɨɞ ɨɩɨɥɡɧɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ), ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɩɤɢ, ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɝɥɨɜ
ɚɡɨɬɚ, – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ, ɚ ɫɚɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɨɜɧɵɦ, ɛɟɡ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɬ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. Ɍɨɱɤɢ ɜɪɟɡɤɢ
ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ, ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɬɨ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɟɤɢ. ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ
ɞɨ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 350 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
ɢɞɟɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɲɬɚɦɦɚ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ ɜ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ “ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ” ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɷɬɚɩ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
166
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɜɵɩɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ
315
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɤɜɨɡɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ⱥ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦ) ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ [3].
ɦɨɠɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ.
ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɧɚ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɢ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ
ɋɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɰɟɧɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
(ɋȺɉɊ) ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɫɜɟɥ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤ ɉȾɄ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɴɟɦɤɢ
ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ
AutoCAD Civil 3D ɷɬɨ ɋȺɉɊ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ.
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ GPS ɫɴɟɦɤɢ
ɗɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
(ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ), ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ Google Earth,
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ
SRTM ɢ ɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ,
ɱɬɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɚɡɨɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɛɢɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ.
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɨɩɨɥɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɨɬɜɚɥɚ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɩɨɞɩɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ, ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 2 ɤɦ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ 1,1-1,2 ɦ.
ɋɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɨɬ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɩɨɞɩɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ, ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ
ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ
ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɨ - ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ.
314
ɋɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɤ
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ɗɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ-ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ,
ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɬɪɟɧɞɵ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɰɟɧɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɚ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɨɫɨɦ
Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɵ - ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ
167
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɬɪɚɬɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ
ɍȾɄ 631.6.02
(“ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ”
ɫɪɟɞɵ).
ȿɫɥɢ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɭɫɟɥ
(ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɉȾɄ) ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ
ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ
ɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ȼ.ɂ. Ɂɚɧɨɫɨɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɫɦɟɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ – ɭɬɪɚɬɚ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɦɟɧ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɋ.ɘ. Ʉɨɥɨɦɨɟɰ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ȺɅɌȺɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ»
ɪɹɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɝ. Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɩɪɢ
ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɟɤɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ.
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɟɟ
The article reflects the basic principles of AutoCAD Civil 3D for use materials
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ
field studies, for example, when adjustment the valley River Upper Tyhta of
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1
Kemerovo Oblast, which can significantly increase the productivity of engineers.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɟɟ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɫɤɟɣɥɢɧɝɚ,
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ. [1;12]
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɲɚɯɬ ɢ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ,
ɪɟɡɤɨ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɥɢɜɚ,
ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɪɟɤ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ,
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ (ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ).
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɣɦɚɯ ɪɟɤ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɥɨɨɬɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɜ.
ɗɬɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɟɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ,
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɛɨ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
[1].
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɭɫɟɥ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ
ȽɈɋɌ 17.5.3.04.- 83 [2].
Ʉ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
168
313
2. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ɇɟɪɤɭɥɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɇ., Ʉɪɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɋ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ //
ɉɪɢɜɨɥɠɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. – 2012. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 50 – 57.
3. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ
ȼ.Ⱥ.,
Ɇɟɪɤɭɥɨɜɚ
Ɍ.ɇ.,
Ʉɪɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ
Ⱥ.ɋ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ / Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ». Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚȾɨɧɭ – ɇɨɜɨɦɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ. – 2012. – ȼɵɩɭɫɤ XIV. – C. 76-86.
4. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ,
ɇȽɆȺ, 2001. – 266 ɫ.
5. Ⱥɧɚɯɚɟɜ Ʉ.ɇ. ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɵ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ //
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ, 2014. ɬ. 2, ɜ. 1(2). ɋ. 58-63.
Ɋɢɫ.1.
6. Ⱥɧɚɯɚɟɜ Ʉ.ɇ. Ɉ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ)
7. Ƚɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ:
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɉɟɪɜɨɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɞɪɚ ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɇ.ɂ. ȼɚɬɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ.
ɧɚɭɤ Ɉ.ɂ. Ƚɥɚɞɲɬɟɣɧɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɌȺɇȾȿɆ», 2011. – 160 ɫ.
8. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɜ
ɞɜɭɯɨɫɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ.
ȼ
ɫɛ.
«Ɇɹɝɤɢɤɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ». – ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ, ɘɠɇɂɂȽɢɆ. –
1977. – Ɍɨɦ XXVǿǿ. – ɋ. 58-61.
ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɨɜ əɤɨɛɢ // Ƚɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ʋ 8, 2008. ɋ. 7-9.
ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɤɪɢɜɚɹ
ɧɚ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ
t  >a, b@ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ, ɞɥɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ. [9] Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ), ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ,
ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ,
(ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɪɢɜɵɯ). ȿɫɥɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɬɨ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɟɟ
ɞɥɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ:
L(G ) = L0G
ɝɞɟ
1 D f
(1)
L(G ) - ɞɥɢɧɚ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ
Lo – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ 1-ɸ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
G
– ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ
Df – ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ.
312
169
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ, - ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɨ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
0,6
0,5
ɢɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ, ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ,
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ
0,2
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɟɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɨ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɭɞɢɬɶ
ɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ[11].
Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ, ɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ – ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɚ.
ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
0,1
0
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
f5
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f1(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f2(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f3(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f4(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f6(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f7(f5)
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ,
0,3
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
0,4
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ kɢɧɜ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. ɋɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ f1(ș)-f4(ș), f6(ș)– f8(ș) ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ f5(ș).
2
1.
Df
ɂɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɢɞɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɬ f5(ș). Ɂɧɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ f5(ș) – ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱥ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦ, ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ, ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ f1(ș)-f4(ș), f6(ș) – f8(ș).
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ.
ɑɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ, ɢ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɟɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ – ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɫ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
170
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ f1(ș) – f8(ș).
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ:
1. Ƚɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɞ-ɪɚ ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɇ.ɂ. ȼɚɬɢɧɚ,
ɤɚɧɞ.ɬɟɯɧ.ɧɚɭɤ Ɉ.ɂ. Ƚɥɚɞɲɬɟɣɧɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɌȺɇȾȿɆ», 2011. – 160 ɫ.
311
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: f 1 T H ,
L
f 7 T B
, f 8 T L
B
H
f 2 T h0
L
, f 3 T H 0 , f 4 T L
T
JL2
, f 5 T 2 a , f 6 T L
A
L2
,
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɟɟ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ (Do), ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (Dk).
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ
.
ɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɨɬɟɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ
݂ଵ ൌ ͳǡͷͻʹ͸͸ െ ͳʹǡ͵ͺͶͲͻ݂ହ ൅ Ͷͷǡʹͷʹͷͷ݂ହଶ െ ͺͲǡͻ͸ͷͺͷ݂ହଷ ൅ ͷͶǡ͹ͳʹͲͷ݂ହସ
݂ଷ ൌ Ͳǡ͵͵͸Ͷͻ െ Ͳǡ͸ʹ͸ͷͶ݂ହ ൅
݂ସ ൌ Ͳǡͷʹͺ͹ʹ െ ͵ǡʹͲ͸Ͳͷ݂ହ ൅
ͳǡͷͶͷͺͻ݂ହଶ
ͳͲǡͲ͵͵ͷͺ݂ହଶ
െ
െ
Ͷǡͻͻ͸ͳͳ݂ହଷ
ͳ͸ǡͺʹͶͺͻ݂ହଷ
൅
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɹɞɵ (ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ)
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɋɬɚɬɢɫɰɢɟɧɬ
ɬɢɤɚ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɎɢɲɟɪɚ
ɧɚɰɢɢ
‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ
ܴଶ
§ 1,0
’
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ, ɚ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ
§ 1,0
’
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
§ 1,0
’
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ͳͲǡ͹͵ͷͳ͹݂ହସ
൅
“FracDim”
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
͵ǡ͵͸ͻͲͷ݂ହସ
݂ଶ ൌ ͳǡʹͷ͸ͳ͹ െ ͳͳǡ͹ͷ͹ͷ͸݂ହ ൅ Ͷ͵ǡ͹Ͳ͸͹ʹ݂ହଶ െ ͹ͷǡͻ͸ͻͺͻ݂ହଷ ൅ ͷͳǡ͵Ͷ͵ͳʹ݂ହସ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ, ɪɢɫ. 1
ɨɬ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ૛ࢇൗࡸ
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɜ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɟɝɨ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ.ȼɚɠɧɵɦ
§ 1,0
’
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
݂଺ ൌ ͲǡͲ͹ͻͲ͵ ൅ ͲǡͲͳͷͺͲ݂ହ െ Ͳǡʹ͹͹ʹͻ݂ହଶ ൅ Ͳǡͷʹͳͷͷ݂ହଷ െ ͳǡ͵͵ͻ͹͸݂ହସ
§ 1,0
’
݂଻ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͳ͹͵ʹ ൅ ͲǡʹͲͷʹͶ͸݂ହ ൅ ͲǡͳͲ͹͹ͻ݂ହଶ ൅ ͳǡͳͺͺ͸ͺ݂ହଷ െ ͳǡͷ͵ͻʹ͹݂ହସ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ,
§ 1,0
’
଼݂ ൌ ͳ͹ǡʹʹ͸ͺʹ െ ʹ͹ͻǡͻͺ͹Ͷ݂ହ ൅ ͳ͹͹͹ǡ͹͹Ͷ݂ହଶ െ Ͷͺʹʹǡ͵͵ͳ݂ହଷ
൅ ͶͺͶ͵ǡͺͻͶ݂ହସ
0,9983
5035,13
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ – ɜɢɞɵ
ɭɦɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɟ, ɧɨ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ. [2]
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: f 1 T f 7 T B
, f 8 T L
B
H
H
L
,
f 2 T h0
L
, f 3 T H 0 , f 4 T L
T
, f 5 T JL2
2a
L
, f 6 T A
L2
,
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
ɧɚ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɵ
ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
57% ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 33%, ɚ ɡɚ ɩɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 6% ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2, ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ:
C=Co e-t/IJ
310
171
(2)
ɝɞɟ ɋɨ – ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ, IJ –
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
஻
ு
ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ e ɪɚɡ.
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ െͳǡ͹ͻ͹Ͳʹ ൅ ͳͷǡ͸ͻͶͻͳ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
ு
ଶ௔
ൌ ଼݂ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
(13)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͵ͻǡ͹ͺ;
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͷͳͺͳ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
ு
஻
ு
ଶ௔
ൌ ଼݂ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͳ͹ǡʹʹ͸ͺʹ െ ʹ͹ͻǡͻͺ͹Ͷ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͳ͹͹͹ǡ͹͹Ͷ ቀ ቁ െ Ͷͺʹʹǡ͵͵ͳ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͶͺͶ͵ǡͺͻͶ ቀ ቁ .
(14)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൌ ͷͲ͵ͷǡͳ͵;
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 – ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ.
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͻͺ͵.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 4 ɢ 5 ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ IJ=1,79 ɝɨɞɚ. ɐɢɤɥ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧ
1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.
«ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɸ».
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɨɬ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ૛ࢇൗࡸ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ, ɜ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
1
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
–
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɩɨ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ɬɨɱɤɚɦ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ
݂ଵ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ͺͺͶ͸ െ ͳǡͷͶͷʹ͹݂ହ
݂ଶ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ʹͲ͵Ͷ െ Ͳǡͺͻ͸ͻͶ݂ହ
݂ଷ ൌ Ͳǡ͵͸ͺͳʹ െ Ͳǡ͸Ͷͺ͵͵݂ହ
݂ସ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͲͺͶͺ െ Ͳǡ͸͸ͺʹͲ݂ହ
݂଺ ൌ ͲǡͳͲʹͳͻ െ ͲǡͳͶͶͷʹ݂ହ
݂଻ ൌ ͲǡʹͻͲͳͺ ൅ ͲǡͶͲͲͳ͸݂ହ
଼݂ ൌ െͳǡ͹ͻ͹Ͳʹ ൅ ͳͷǡ͸ͻͶͻͳ݂ହ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɀɟɥɟɡɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɛ/ɪ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
3
2010ɝ.
ʋ2
1,58
1,54 1,55 1,51 1,48 1,45
1,47
1,41 1,42 1,41 1,42 1,44
172
ʋ3
2011ɝ.
ʋ1
ʋ1
ʋ2
ʋ3
2014ɝ.
ʋ1 ʋ2 ʋ3
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ܴଶ
0,9625
0,8479
0,9835
0,9835
0,9112
0,9958
0,5181
309
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ
950,19
206,24
2204,43
2206,59
379,64
8679,06
39,78
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
஺
௅మ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ ͲǡͳͲʹͳͻ െ ͲǡͳͶͶͷʹ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஺
௅మ
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଺ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
(9)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͳͳʹ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஺
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅మ
஺
௅మ
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଺ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͲǡͲ͹ͻͲ͵ ൅ ͲǡͲͳͷͺͲ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
െ Ͳǡʹ͹͹ʹͻ ቀ ቁ ൅ Ͳǡͷʹͳͷͷ ቀ ቁ െ
௅
ɦɝ/ɞɦ3
1,56
1,55 1,51 1,55 1,51 1,52
ɇɢɬɪɚɬɵ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ3
1,52
1,51 1,58 1,51 1,45 1,49
ɇɢɬɪɢɬɵ
3
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
1,49
1,43 1,42 1,41 1,43 1,44
3
1,46
1,48 1,43 1,41 1,46 1,38
ɇɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
1,35
1,58 1,34 1,35 1,61 1,39
ȻɉɄ5
ɦɝɈ2/ɞɦ3
1,52
1,5
1,42
1,47 1,41 1,46 1,35 1,34
ɏɉɄ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͵͹ͻǡ͸Ͷ;
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɂɨɧɵ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ
ɦɝɈ2/ɞɦ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
3
3
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
1,56 1,51 1,47 1,49
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ 1 ɢ 2.
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͳǡ͵͵ͻ͹͸ ቀ ቁ .
(10)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ1
–
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɇɟɫɬɚ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
஻
௅
ൌ ͲǡʹͻͲͳͺ ൅ ͲǡͶͲͲͳ͸
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଻ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
Ƚɨɞ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
(11)
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͺ͸͹ͻǡͲ͸;
ʋ1
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͻͷͺ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅
஻
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଻ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͳ͹͵ʹ െ ͲǡʹͲͷʹͶ͸
ଶ௔ ସ
ͳǡͷ͵ͻʹ͹ ቀ ቁ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
2010
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͲǡͳͲ͹͹ͻ ቀ ቁ ൅ ͳǡͳͺͺ͸ͺ ቀ ቁ െ
௅
௅
(12)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
308
173
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ுబ
௅
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ Ͳǡ͵͸ͺͳʹ െ Ͳǡ͸Ͷͺ͵͵
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ுబ
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଷ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
(5)
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ʹʹͲͶǡͶ͵;
ʋ2
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
2011
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͺ͵ͷ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ுబ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅
ுబ
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଷ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ Ͳǡ͵͵͸Ͷͻ െ Ͳǡ͸ʹ͸ͷͶ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͳǡͷͶͷͺͻ ቀ ቁ െ Ͷǡͻͻ͸ͳͳ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
͵ǡ͵͸ͻͲͷ ቀ ቁ .
(6)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ʋ3
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
2014
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
்
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ටఊ௅మ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͲͺͶͺ െ Ͳǡ͸͸ͺʹͲ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
்
ଶ௔
ටఊ௅మ ൌ ݂ସ ቀ ௅ ቁ
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
(7)
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ʹʹͲ͸ǡͷͻ;
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͺ͵ͷ.
்
ଶ௔
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ට మ ൌ ݂ସ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
ఊ௅
௅
்
ටఊ௅మ ൌ Ͳǡͷʹͺ͹ʹ െ ͵ǡʹͲ͸Ͳͷ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͳͲǡͲ͵͵ͷͺ ቀ ቁ െ ͳ͸ǡͺʹͶͺͻ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͳͲǡ͹͵ͷͳ͹ ቀ ቁ .
(8)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
174
307
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ଶ
ܴ ൌ Ͳǡͻ͸ʹͷ.
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɚɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ)
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ு
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ 2 – ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɟɝɨ
௅
ு
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଵ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͳǡͷͻʹ͸͸ െ ͳʹǡ͵ͺͶͲͻ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɚɦ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ Ͷͷǡʹͷʹͷͷ ቀ ቁ െ ͺͲǡͻ͸ͷͺͷ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ)
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͷͶǡ͹ͳʹͲͷ ቀ ቁ .
(2)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ (1) ɢ (2) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. ɇɚɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (2), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɨɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (1).
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
௛బ
௅
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ Ͳǡ͵ʹͲ͵Ͷ െ Ͳǡͺͻ͸ͻͶ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
௛బ
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଶ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
(3)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ʹͲ͸ǡʹͶ;
ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɵɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɟɟ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ଶ
ܴ ൌ ͲǡͺͶ͹ͻ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
௛బ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅
௛బ
௅
ɉɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɹ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɬɚɪɵɦ
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଶ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͳǡʹͷ͸ͳ͹ െ ͳͳǡ͹ͷ͹ͷ͸
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͷͳǡ͵Ͷ͵ͳʹ ቀ ቁ .
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ Ͷ͵ǡ͹Ͳ͸͹ʹ ቀ ቁ െ ͹ͷǡͻ͸ͻͺͻ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
(4)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɹɞɚɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɥɢɛɨ ɟɟ
ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
(ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ) ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ
306
175
ɮɨɪɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ 2;3
ɋɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɢ Geolon PP, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ, ɢ
ɡɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɫ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɹɦɢ Geolon PP.
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ
ɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, (ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɡɚ 4 ɝɨɞɚ) ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ
ɩɨɫɬɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, (ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ).
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ
Ɍɢɩ ɬɤɚɧɢ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɚɹ
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɤɇ/ɦ
ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, %
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɌȻȽ
ɌɅɎ-5-2
ɤ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɹɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
Geolon PP 120S
ɩɪɨɛ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɦ2/ɪɭɛ.
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
72,0
72,0
30
30
70,0
88
86
9
9
260,0
152,0
80,0
16
10
190,0
132
125
9
9
320,0
Geolon PP 80
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ,
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 7 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɟɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɲɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɰɟɧɚ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ.
1. ȼ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
2010ɝ.
ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ 1-3 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɂɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ
ɩɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ, ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ,
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɟɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [2, 4]. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [4] ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ,
ு ௛బ
2. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ 2010ɝ. ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɦɭ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ Df =1,5, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɟ ɧɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ Df >1,5 ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
௅
,
்
ఊ௅మ
ɢ ɞɪ. ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ߠ (ɦɨɞɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ
ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɨɜ). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ:
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ
ɥɸɛɨɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
௅
ு
௅
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ Ͳǡ͸ͺͺͶ͸ െ ͳǡͷͶͷʹ͹
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ு
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଵ ቀ ቁ
௅
.
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
(1)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͻͷͲǡͳͻ;
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
176
305
Geolon ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɫ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ,
(ɥɟɧɬ) ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ (Geolon PP) ɢɥɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɧɢɬɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɚ (Geolon PET).
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ: ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ,
3. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ 2010ɝ. ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ,
ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɦɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɢɡɦ. ɊɊ15 ɊɊ40 ɊɊ80 ɊɊ100S ɊɊ120 ɊɊ200
ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ
ɤɇ/ɦ
16
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɊɊ 500
2010ɝ. ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɦɦɚ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ ɜ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ
ɤɇ/ɦ 16/14
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɦ
«ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ» ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
Ɍɢɩ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɢ Geolon
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɚɹ/min
ɤ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɢ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɢ Geolon.
ȿɞ.
ɬɹɝɨɬɟɟɬ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
40/39
88/80
110/100
40
86
105
132/120 220/200
45
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
550/500
45
ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ,
ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɪɟɡɤɨ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
45
4. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɍɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɟ
%
17
15
9
9
9
9
9
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ 2011 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ 1-3,
ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ
%
12
11
9
9
10
10
10
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (Ʉɭɪɫɤɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɮɚɡɵ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ.
ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ. Ȼɵɥɢ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɦ
ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɌɅɎ-5-2 ɢ ɌȻȽ-360 ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɟ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɸ Geolon PP.
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ʋ2.
-
ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɡɨɧɟ
2011ɝɝ. ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨ, ɢ ɜ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ.
Ɍɢɩ ɬɤɚɧɢ
ɬɨɱɤɟ
5. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2010-
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɤɇ/ɦ
ɜ
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ
ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, %
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɦɹɝɤɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɂɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
6. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɌȻȽ
72,0
72,0
30
30
ɌɅɎ-5-2
152,0
80,0
16
10
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɹɝɤɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ
ɪɟɡɤɨɣ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ
ɌȻȽ
85,0
75,4
4,0
4,0
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɌɅɎ-5-2
127,8
115,6
5,3
10,5
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ – ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ
304
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
177
ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɥɢɲɚɸɬ
ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ,
ɍȾɄ 556.53: 627.15 (075.8)
ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɌɄȺɇȿɃ ȾɅə ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ȽȿɈɌȿɄɋɌɂɅɖɇɕɏ ɄɈɇɌȿɃɇȿɊɈȼ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ;
7. Ʉ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ʉɪɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ
ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ
ɇɈȼɈɑȿɊɄȺɋɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɈ-ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɌɂȼɇɕɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɂɆȿɇɂ Ⱥ.Ʉ. ɄɈɊɌɍɇɈȼȺ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ȾɈɇɋɄɈɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ
2010-2011ɝɝ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ"
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ pH ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ
ɝ. ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ:
ɜ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɬɢɩɵ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɤɚɧɟɣ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ «ɇɢɬɪɚɬɵ» ɢ «ɇɢɬɪɢɬɵ». ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ «Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ».
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-
8. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɝɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ
ɬɤɚɧɟɣ.
Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
Ɏɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɵ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ-ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ (ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ) ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ. ȼ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɹɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ.
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ,
2014ɝ. ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ
ɞɢɚɬɨɦɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ. ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɷɜɝɥɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
Abstract: the article describes the types of technical fabrics foreign and
Russian production, used for the manufacture of geotextile containers. The results of
9. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
the comparison of physical and mechanical properties of Russian and foreign tissues.
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
Grounded perspective prima tion of domestic material. The developed functional-
2010-2014ɝɝ. ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
functional dependence of the parameters of the container for practical designs-tion.
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ
Tags: techno fabric, geotextile container mechanical properties, design.
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ƚɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ (ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ
ɬɤɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ Geolon.
ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ)
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɹ Geolon ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ Ɍɟn ɋɚte Nicolon.
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
178
303
4. Ʉɢɟɧɱɭɤ Ⱥ.Ɏ. ȼɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. – Ʉ.: ɍɪɨɠɚɣ. 1989. – 176 ɫ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ⱦɭɛɨɜɢɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ɇ., ɋɬɚɪɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ȼ. ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ
5. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɉɪɥɨɜɨɣ – Ʉ.:
"ȼɢɳɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ", 1985. – 368 ɫ.
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɗȺɂ ɆɂɎɂ «ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ
ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ». Ɇ, 2007 ɋ.58 – 64
6. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ɇɢɪɡɚɟɜ ɇ.ɇ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ
2. Ⱦ.Ȼ. Ƚɟɥɚɲɜɢɥɢ, Ƚ.ɋ. Ɋɨɡɟɧɛɟɪɝ, Ⱦ.ɂ. ɂɭɞɢɧ ɢ ɫɨɚɜɬ.; Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ/ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ, ɇ.ɇ. Ɇɢɪɡɚɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ,
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ
2006. – 56 ɫ.
Ɇɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ȼɢɨɫɮɟɪɚ», 2013, ɬ. 5,
7. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ: ɨɬ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ.
ʋ 2. ɋ. 143 - 159
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ, ȼ.ɂ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ,
3. MacArthur R.H. Fluctuations of animal populations, and measure of community
ɏ. Ɇɚɧɬɪɢɬɢɥɚɤɟ – Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ: ɇɂɐ ɆɄȼɄ, 2008. – 364 ɫ.
stability // Ecology. 1955. V. 36. ʋ7. P. 353-356.
4. Hurlbert S.H. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative
parameters // Ecology. V. 52. ʋ4. P. 577-586.
5. Benoit B. Mandelbrot A Multifractal Walk Down Wall Street// Scientific
American. Feb. 1999 pp 70-73.
6. Brillouin L. Science and information theory. - New York: Academic Press,
1956. - 320 p.
7. Ɋɟɧɶɢ Ⱥ. Ɍɪɢɥɨɝɢɹ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. — Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1980. — 376 ɫ.
8. Rényi entropy as a measure of entanglement in quantum spin chain: F.
Franchini, A. R. Its, V. E. Korepin, Journal of Physics A: Math. Theor. 41 (2008)
025302.
9. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɂ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ:
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ – Ɍɜɟɪɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɌɜȽɭ, 1998. – ȼɵɩ.1 – ɋ. 145-155
10. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. ɋɦɟɬɚɧɢɧ ȼ. ɂ. Ɍɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ // ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2013. - ʋ1. – ɋ. 11-16
11.Kudinov A.N., Tsvetkov V.P. and Tsvetkov I.V. Catastrophes in the MultiFractal Dynamics of Social-Economic Systems. Russian Journal of Mathematical
Physics, 2011, v.18, ʋ2, p.149-155.
12. Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɫɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ, Ɍ.Ɋ. Ɉɫɨɤɢɧɚ, Ɍ.Ʉ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɲ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
302
ɞɥɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
179
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ/
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. - 2010. - ȼɵɩ. 51: ɋɟɪ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜ. ɢ ɷɤɨɧ.
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚɭɤɢ. - ɋ. 13-20
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
13. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɚ ȿ.ɂ., Ɋɨɡɞɢɧ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚ ɋ.ȼ., Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜɚ ɋ.ȼ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɢ
ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ. ɇɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ.:
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɆɂɌɏɌ, 2010. – ɋ.64
(Ɇɟɥɢɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
14. ɋɚɧɉɢɇ 2.1.5.980-00. Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ;
ɜɨɞ, 2000. – ɋ. 23
-
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0,68 ɞɨ 0,76.
- ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɞ
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɍȼɏ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɟɺ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɍȼɏ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ: ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɝɟɤɬɚɪɚ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
1. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ / Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜ – Ɇ.: ɋɟɥɶɯɨɡɝɢɡ,
1960. – 662 ɫ.
2.
Ƚɚɥɹɦɢɧ
ȿ.ɉ.
Ʉɨɧɫɩɟɤɬ
ɥɟɤɰɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɤɭɪɫɭ
«ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ» – Ɇ.: ɆȽɆɂ, 1988. – 57 ɫ.
3. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ /Ɇ.Ɏ. ɇɚɬɚɥɶɱɭɤ, ȼ.ɂ.
Ɉɥɶɝɚɪɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɭɪɢɧ – Ɇ.: Ʉɨɥɨɫ, 1995. – 320 ɫ.
180
301
Ƚɨɞ
2010
2011
2012
2013
300
2014
0,73
0,73
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
0,77
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
0,83
0,84
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
0,92
0,93
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
0,91
0,96
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
0,79
ɍȽɄɆɄ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
0,97
1,05
0,82
1,27
0,89
0,96
1,00
0,97
0,74
0,94
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
0,78
1,26
0,83
0,86
1,36
0,78
0,61
1,40
0,65
1,36
0,78
1,18
1,11
0,56
0,96
0,97
1,32
0,78
0,77
1,56
ɇɨɜɨɬɪɨɢɰɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
Ƚɨɪɧɨɫɬɚɟɜɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
0,91
0,39
1,21
0,76
0,97
0,63
1,33
598,4 / 7%
0,72
0,75
0,48
1,65
0,59
1,52
1,80
0,28
0,68
340,1/72%
1,01
342,7/ 68%
0,73
1,08
0,78
503,4 / 21%
1,08
0,50
1,52
0,70
1,46
0,69
1,42
0,65
1,31
0,57
1,07
0,99
1,00
0,97
1,11
0,99
1,06
0,93
1,06
0,98
0,78
0,75
0,72
0,67
0,72
0,74
0,79
0,59
0,57
0,44
0,33
0,74
0,71
0,71
0,77
0,81
0,87
0,48
0,41
0,46
0,34
Ɇɟɥɢɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɑɚɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ Ƚɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
ɍȼɏ
ɍȼɏ
ɍȼɏ
240,3 / 99%
0,92
0,92
1,17
0,66
0,71
0,68
0,66
0,82
0,89
ɐɸɪɭɩɢɧɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɏɟɪɫɨɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3 – ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ 2010-2015 ɝɝ.
ɍȾɄ 556
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ
ȼ.ɂ. ɋɦɟɬɚɧɢɧ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, Ⱥ. ɇ. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɂ.Ɇ. ɀɨɝɢɧ, ɂ. ȼ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ - ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɦɵ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹɦ.
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
ɜɨɞɵ.
In our work, we set forth a method of evaluation of a level of rush of flood
water using a multifractal model of river system. We chose the river system of the
Ryazan Region as one of the most flood-prone areas as a test object. The indices of
the fractal model of the given river system were calculated, and on their basis the
coefficients enabling to forecast a level of rush of flood water were obtained.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ 40 ɞɨ 68 ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ, ɷɬɢɦ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɦ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 500
ɬɵɫ. ɤȼ. ɤɦ, ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ – 150 ɬɵɫ. ɤȼ.
ɤɦ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 300 ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 7 ɦɥɧ. ɝɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 40 ɦɥɪɞ.
ɪɭɛɥɟɣ [1].
181
ɂɡɞɚɧɵ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ
-
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɍȼɏ
ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ:
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
‫ ˓ܭ‬ൌ ͳ െ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
௄˅ ି௄˅Ǥʛʙ
௄˅Ǥʛʙ
- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢɡ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ):
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ
‫˓ܭ‬ʛʙ ൌ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ – ɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
σ௄௣
௡
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɢ
ɢ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɩɪɟɞɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ
ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ). ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ (2010-2014 ɝɝ.) ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ,
ɷɬɢɯ ɥɟɬ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ (ɦɦ) ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ
ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦɢ (%) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
- ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ: ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ
ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ (Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ), ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɄɉȾ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 39, 6 ɬɵɫ. ɤȼ. ɤɦ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɸɝ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 225 ɤɦ, ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 250
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɦ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ 01.01.2015 ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1 135,4
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɬɵɫ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ [2].
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ,
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ 895 ɪɟɤ, 2837 ɨɡɟɪ ɢ 1230 ɛɨɥɨɬ.
ɉɚɜɨɞɤɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ
ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. [3]
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɭ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ,
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɢɥɵ (ɨɬ -0,14 ɭ ɍȽɄɆɄ ɞɨ -0,7 ɭ Ƚɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɍȼɏ) ɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɐɸɪɭɩɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɍȼɏ, ɝɞɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ.
182
299
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɟɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɟɣ, ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɪɚɜɟɧ
ɢɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚ ɜɵɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ (ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɞɟɤɚɞɚ). ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ «ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɦ». Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨ ɍȼɏ ɢɥɢ
ɍȽɄɆɄ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ:
- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ:
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ܹ˗˃ˍ˕
‫ ˅ܭ‬ൌ
ܹ˒ˎ˃ː ɑɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ-ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-
ɝɞɟ Wɮɚɤɬ , Wɩɥɚɧ – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ (ɦ3);
ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ Ɉɤɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɤ ɉɪɨɧɹ, ɉɚɪɚ, ɉɪɚ, Ɇɨɤɲɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɆɄ):
‫˅ܭ‬Ǥʛʙ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ܹ˗˃ˍ˕ʛʙ
ൌ
ܹ˒ˎ˃ːʛʙ
ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ, ɦ3.
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɦ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɜɧɨ 1. ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɟɟ
298
ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɪɚɣɨɧɵ
ɋɚɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɒɚɰɤɢɣ.
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɫɫ-ɫɥɭɠɛɵ Ɇɑɋ ɩɨ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ
ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɟɥɨɤ Ʉɚɞɨɦ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɨɤɲɚ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ,
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 760 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɭɥɢɰ ɢ ɫɨɬɧɢ
ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɚɩɪɟɥɟ 2012 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ
47 ɭɥɢɰ ɢ 1148 ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ 3545 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ;
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ Ʉɚɞɨɦɫɤɢɣ, ȿɪɦɢɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ, Ʉɚɫɢɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɋɩɚɫɫɤɢɣ,
ɝɞɟ WɮɚɤɬɆɄ – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ , WɩɥɚɧɆɄ – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ
183
ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɨɤɲɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 801 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚ 41 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪ.
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ >@>@
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɢɝɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ
ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ «ɉɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɯ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ» ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 29 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɨ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ʋ315 ɨɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
«Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɢ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ 2015-2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ». Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
ɨɬ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ
ɢ
ɢɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜɨɞ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ [4].
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ
ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ:
1)
ȼɥɚɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ;
2)
ɉɪɨɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ;
3)
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɹɧɢɹ ɫɧɟɝɚ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ
500 ɦɦ ɜ ɝɨɞ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ – 400 ɦɦ. [2]
Ɋɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ,
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ, ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ. ɉɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ – ɫɜɵɲɟ 500 ɤɦ.
ɂɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɉɤɟ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɯ (Ɉɤɚ – 4,5-6 ɤɦ/ɱ;
ɉɪɚ – 4 ɤɦ/ɱ; Ɇɨɤɲɚ - 3,5 ɤɦ/ɱ). ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
184
ɉɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚɦɢ ɨ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚ 5 ɞɧɟɣ
ɩɨɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɹɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ
ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ, ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɟ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ. Ɂɚ
ɞɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɛ ɨɩɥɚɬɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɹɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ,
ɨɩɥɚɬɚ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ: ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɜɥɚɝɨɣ;
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɥɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ; ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ;
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ
ɡɟɦɥɹɯ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɫɟɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ [5];
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɦ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɚ; ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚ, ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ [6],[7].
297
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɡɟɪ ɜ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
«ɫɬɚɪɢɰɚɯ» [3].
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ – ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ȼ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2,8 ɬɵɫ.ɦ3/ɝɚ, ɚ
ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ,
3
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ 4,8 ɬɵɫ.ɦ /ɝɚ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ –
ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡɴɹɧ – ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
5,7 ɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɢ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ [5], ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɞɨ 10 ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɟɡɨɧ. ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɟ
ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɄɉȾ ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɍȼɏ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ, ɚ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ [6].
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɟɝɨ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ
ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɩɨ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯ
ɤ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ [5], ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ǻh ɨɬ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ X
ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ T. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ X ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ D ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɦ: ǻh
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – ɉɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ
Ƚɨɞ
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
ɉɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɬɵɫ.ɦ3
716655
729630
748148
767231
812721
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɬɵɫ.ɦ3
540031
711912
811300
831853
822327
= X·T. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ X(D) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɛɢɱɧɵɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ [5]. ȼ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ǻh = Ș ·T ·(D – D0). ɍɞɨɛɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ
ɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ k = Ș ·T
Ɍɨɝɞɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ǻh
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ:
ǻh = k·(D0 – D)
(1)
ɝɞɟ D0 ɢ k – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɭɜɹɡɤɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (1) ɤ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ.
(ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ) ɫ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ k ɪɚɜɟɧ Ș ·T, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ Ș, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ,
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɚɹɧɢɹ ɫɧɟɝɨɜ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
296
185
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ D0 = 1, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ k ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɥɹ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜ
ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
ɜɨɞɵ ș1,2 ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢ 1 ɢ 2, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
T1, 2
'h1
'h2
D1 1
D2 1
(2)
ȼɵɛɪɚɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ 2 ɡɚ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɭɸ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ,
T i T i,2
'hi
'h2
Di 1
D2 1
(3)
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ D2 ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1,19. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ (3) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
Ĭi = 5,387·(Di – 1)
(4)
Ʌɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ și ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ
i
–
ɬɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ și ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ Di. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ.
186
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
Ƚɨɞ
ɵ
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ƚɨɪɧɨɫɬɚɟɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɇɨɜɨɬɪɨɢɰɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɐɸɪɭɩɢɧɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɑɚɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ƚɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ɇɟɥɢɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚ
ɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɩɨɥɢɜɚ,
ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ
ɩɥɚɧ
ɮɚɤɬ
29,28
29,80
29,86
29,70
30,79
28,73
28,14
28,14
29,72
29,72
17,32
17,22
17,54
17,74
17,92
44,82
44,93
45,14
47,26
48,71
1,54
1,54
1,33
1,51
1,58
34,55
28,38
28,57
29,09
34,55
13,90
14,53
14,54
14,83
15,33
20,50
20,50
20,70
21,00
21,00
13,66
14,16
14,45
15,49
15,65
12,20
12,20
12,31
12,61
12,48
120766
135063
145700
151934
162994
90925
86903
103849
107145
98147
60430
59355
52678
48146
48144
93264
94596
103095
104981
107930
4680
5742
5473
5445
6531
66221
79806
73205
78446
78155
30700
36269
36200
41808
39496
48221
44771
45269
45361
47650
34414
32007
22282
22282
22282
44083
32220
22680
31300
34600
95231
122262
133813
127017
120602
71799
82062
101090
102828
124686
50323
45472
58468
65447
75390
73200
111906
130114
136971
147073
4173
3771
3876
6373
6008
80182
106642
120530
119228
140898
32809
47868
51224
60391
60184
37670
47613
48435
50416
47958
11530
18121
17708
21438
16924
15126
13315
19862
24308
26094
ȼɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ,
ɬɵɫ.ɦ3
ɄɉȾ
295
1
1
1
1
1
0,85
0,80
0,72
0,89
0,88
0,99
0,98
0,95
0,99
0,97
0,94
0,96
0,93
0,96
0,97
0,91
1
0,98
1
1
1,03
0,97
1,02
0,96
1,05
1,08
1,00
0,96
0,99
0,99
0,90
0,94
0,93
0,95
0,98
0,63
0,66
0,60
0,70
0,63
0,73
0,62
0,68
0,70
0,73
Ʉɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ,
ɬɵɫ.ɦ3/ɝɚ
5,9
7,9
9,0
8,6
7,3
3,25
4,10
4,48
4,28
3,92
2,92
3,59
3,46
4,19
3,68
2,62
3,39
3,73
4,25
3,89
1,63
2,49
2,88
2,90
3,02
2,71
2,49
2,91
4,20
3,79
2,32
3,76
4,22
4,10
4,08
2,36
3,29
3,52
4,07
3,93
1,84
2,32
2,34
2,40
2,25
0,84
1,28
1,23
1,38
1,08
1,24
1,09
1,61
1,93
2,09
7,1
9,0
9,7
10,2
8,6
5,5
6,9
8,1
8,5
8,2
3,3
5,3
5,2
5,3
5,3
5,7
5,1
5,9
8,4
7,9
4,5
5,5
6,4
7,7
7,1
3,8
5,9
5,2
6,8
6,5
4,8
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,5
2,1
3,0
3,0
3,2
2,9
2,9
2,3
3,3
3,7
4,0
ɫɟɬɢ (ɄɉȾ) ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ 0,90, ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡɧɨɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ;
ɂɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɞɥɹ ǻh ɢ și ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
- ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – D. ȿɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɟɡɤɨɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ;
ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
- ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ;
- ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɨɣ
ɭɫɥɭɝɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɜɨɤɪɭɝ
Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɚ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ. ɋ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɫɟɬɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ BMP, ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɬɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɟɥɵɯ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɍȽɄɆɄ), ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɭɸ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ, ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɨɞɨɜɵɞɟɥɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɲɚɝɢ ɫɟɬɤɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ.
Ɋɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ (ɍȼɏ),
lnN = – D lnį + lnA.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɬ
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ «ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ» ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ
ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɨɞɨɜɵɞɟɥɚ – ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɏɟɪɫɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ (9 ɍȼɏ) ɢ Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɨɝɨ (2 ɍȼɏ) ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɡɚɛɢɪɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɟɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
294
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɪɟɤ, ɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɪɟɤ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ
ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɹɦ ɪɟɤɢ (ɚ ɨɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ) ɬɨ
ɛɪɚɥɨɫɶ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ
ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɹɥɫɹ.
187
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɟɺ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɗɬɚ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɤɢ,
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ Ɉɋ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɺ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɋɢɫ. 1 Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ.
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɢ
ɫɟɬɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɫɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ, ɛɥɢɡɤɚɹ ɤ ɪɭɫɥɭ Ɉɤɢ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɨɬ ɜ Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ
ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɺɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɑɬɨ ɜɤɭɩɟ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɟ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ ɢ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ.
ɇɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ.
188
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ,
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ [2]. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ,
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ,
ɧɚ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ,
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɏɟɪɫɨɧɫɤɨɣ
ɢ
Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 780 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
- ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 210-230 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ, ɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ – 500-800 ɦɥɧ.ɦ3;
-
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
293
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɍȾɄ 631.062.2(477)
Ɍɨɬ ɠɟ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȼɈȾɈɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɄȺɏɈȼɋɄɈɃ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɈɊɈɋɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆȿ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɨ Ɉɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
Ʌ.Ɇ. Ȼɭɥɚɟɧɤɨ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɫɟɬɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɛɨɥɨɬ Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȿ ȼɕɋɒȿȿ ɍɑȿȻɇɈȿ ɁȺȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ «ɏȿɊɋɈɇɋɄɂɃ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ. ɗɬɨ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ», ɝ. ɏɟɪɫɨɧ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ,
Ɇ.ȼ. ȼɟɪɞɵɲ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɥɢɛɨ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɨ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɪɢɫɤɭ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
The paper presents the determination of the irrigation system, the data on the
various stages of reclamation science, identified the peculiarities of the Kakhovka
irrigation system. With the scorecard analyzes of water allocation in the Kakhovka
irrigation system, determined the effect of various factors on it.
Keywords: irrigation, irrigation systems, water management, indicators, water
utilities.
Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɞɚɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (Ɉɋ),
ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ Ɉɋ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
Ɋɢɫ 2 Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ș ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɡɚɛɨɪɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɥɚɝɭ [1].
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ɉɋ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ș ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫ.2.
ɟɺ
ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɫɭɬɶ,
ɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ
ɥɢɲɶ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɢɥɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ Ɋɢɫ.2 ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ.
Ɉɩɵɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ (4) ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɥɨɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
292
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ.
189
15. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20782 ɄZ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ //
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., Ⱦɠɭɦɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ⱥ., Ɇɭɫɚɟɜ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɨɜɚ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱦ.Ⱥ.,
1. URL http://www.mchs.gov.ru, ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ 29.07.2015.
Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 2.
2. URL https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ_ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ
16. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20781 ɄZ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ //
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɨɜɚ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱦ.Ⱥ., Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 2.
29.07.2015
3. URL www.nasharyazan.info ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ 29.07.2015
17. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 21103 ɄZ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ.
4. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬ 29 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2014
Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 4.
ɝɨɞɚ ʋ315
18.
5. V. P. Tsvetkov, I.V.Tsvetkov, A.N.Kudinov, Catastrophes in the Multi-
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ
Ⱥ.
ɋɬɪɭɣɧɵɟ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ.
Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ
ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ.-Ɍɚɪɚɡ
«ɋɟɧɢɦ»,2011.-200ɫ.
Fractal Dynamics of Social-Economic Systems, Russian Journal of
19. Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., Ʉɚɫɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ɇ.ɂ., Ɇɚɧɚɤɛɚɟɜ Ȼ.Ʉ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
Mathematical Physics, ʋ 2, ɫ. 149-155, 2011
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.Materialy IV mezin-arodni
ɂ. ȼ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɋɟɞɶɦɵɟ
Ʉɭɪɞɸɦɨɜɫɤɢɟ
ɱɬɟɧɢɹ:
ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ
ɜ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤɚɯ. Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, Ɍɜɟɪɶ: ɌɜȽɍ, 2011, ɫ. 274-276.
vedecko-prakticka conference «Veda: Teorie A PRAXE-2008» Dil.12 Technicke
vedy.Praha, 2008, p.29…33.
20. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 21102 ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ // Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.,
ɀɨɥɞɚɫɨɜ ɋ., ɀɨɥɚɦɚɧɨɜ ɇ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 4.
21. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20966 ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ // Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.,
Ɋɭɫɬɟɦ ȿ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 3.
22. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 21448
ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ.
Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 7.
23. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20825 ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ //
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ. Ⱥ., Ⱦɠɭɦɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ⱥ., Ɇɭɫɚɟɜ Ⱥ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 7.
24.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɚɬɟɧɬ
ʋ
21447
ɄZ.
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ
ɳɥɚɦɨɠɢɪɨɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 7.
25. 100 ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ.- Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, ɄɚɡɇɌɍ,2010.309ɫ. (ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ : Ʉ.ɒɢɥɢɛɟɤ, ɇ.ɀɨɥɚɦɨɧɨɜ ).
26. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. Ɍ.XIII.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ, ɤɧ 2.
Ɉɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɚɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ //Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ: Ⱦɠɭɦɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ⱥ,
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ.Ⱥ, ɀɚɧɝɭɠɢɧɨɜ ȿ.Ɇ., ɂɛɪɚɟɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ.- Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ , 2012.-324 ɫ.
190
291
2. Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ. Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ
ɍȾɄ 51-76
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ .- Ɍɚɪɚɡ «ɋɟɧɢɦ» 2011.- 296 ɫ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɟɝɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ)
3. ɋɷɪɢɞɡɚɜɚ Ɍɨɤɭɞɡɢ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɨɫ . əɩɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 17512
(Ɂɚɹɜ.24.05.1907) ɨɬ 16.VI 1970.- Ɋɟɮ.ɠ.«ɇɚɫɨɫɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɊȽȺɍ-ɆɋɏȺ
, ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ».-Ɇ.,1972,ʋ 2.
ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, Ⱥ. ɇ. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ
4. ɏɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɏɪɢɫɬɨ ɂɜ., ɂɧɥɠɨɜɚ ɘɥɹɧɚ. Ɉɬɫɬɪɚɧɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɂ.Ɇ. ɀɨɝɢɧ, ɂ. ȼ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ ɩɨɦɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɞɨɜɟɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɯɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.-
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ -
ɏɚɣɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ,1973,ʋ6.ɋ.8-12.
ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
5. Better then a cyclone ceparator / Indusnrial watter engineering, 1977, V.14, P.8.
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
6. ȿɪɲɨɜ ȼ.ɉ., Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ., Ƚɭɬɦɚɧ Ȼ.Ɇ. ȼɚɤɭɭɦɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɩɟɫɤɚ. «ɇɟɮɬɹɧɢɤ», Ȼɚɤɭ, 1978, ʋ 7.- ɋ.23.
7.
ɉɚɬɟɧɬ
ʋ
2228997ɋ2RU.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ // Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜ Ƚ.Ʌ., Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ Ɉ.Ƚ., ɨɩɭɛ.
2008,Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 14.
8. ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 2205260RU.ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɵ // Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜ Ƚ.Ʌ., Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ Ɉ.Ƚ., ɨɩɭɛ. 2008,Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
9. Ɍɟɪɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ƚ., Ʉɭɬɟɩɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.-Ɇ., «ɇɚɭɤɚ», 1994,
349 ɫ.
10. Ʉɪɹɠɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɇ Ɏ., Ʉɪɹɠɟɜɫɤɢɯ Ɏ.ɇ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ.-Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ, ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹ Ʉɭɛɚɧɶ», 2000, 365 ɫ.
11. ȼɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɨ-ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɉɨɞ
ɪɟɞ. Ɇ.Ƚ.ɀɭɪɛɵ.- Ɇ.ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ «Ⱥɫɬɪɟɥɶ ɢ Ⱥɫɬ», 2003, 569 ɫ.
12. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20085 ɄZ. ɋɢɮɨɧ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2008,
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɝɞɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɧɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ
ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɟ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ
ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ Ɋɟɧɶɢ.
In this work we describe a mathematical model of system development control
where the indicative parameters of response of a system to control actions is
multifractal system phase dynamics. For clarity, we represent a graphical
interpretation in the form of a multifractal phase diagram. In order to determine
any any probablistic variability of system response as well as estimation of its
flexibility and reliability during changing between its attractive states, we offer to
use the multifunctional Renyi spectrum.
Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
ɐɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ
13. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20086 ɄZ. Ⱦɸɤɟɪ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2008,
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ
Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
14.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɚɬɟɧɬ
ʋ
20091
ɄZ.
ȼɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɷɬɨɦ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2008, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
290
191
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ – ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɟɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨ- ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ (ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ) ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɧɨɫɭ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ
ɧɟɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɜɡɜɟɫɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,1 ɦɦ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ.
ɝ/ɥ. Ⱥ ɜ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɜɨɢ
ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ
ɫɪɨɤɢ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ.
ɉɪɢɱɟɦ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ
(ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɟ) ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ 2-3 ɦɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ.
ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɨ
ȼ
Ɍɚɪɚɡɫɤɨɦ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ
ɢɦɟɧɢ
Ɇ.ɏ.Ⱦɭɥɚɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ [20,21,22]. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ,
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɢ
ɢ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɦɢ
ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ. ɑɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ [23,24]. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ, ɢ,
ɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ. ɉɨɞ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɪ, ɦɚɫɥɚ,
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɟɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ.
ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ,
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ
(ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ + ɜɨɞɚ + ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ) ɩɨ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ,
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɢ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɣɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
[25,26]. Ɉɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ (ɦɚɫɥɨɜ, ɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ) ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɨ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɹɦ, ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɟɯɚɬɶ ɫ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɂ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɢɥɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ -
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., ɀɚɧɝɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɢɞɪɚɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɟ. Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɂɊ ɜ 1967 ɝɨɞɭ.Ɇ.Ʌ.1969.ɫ 829-831.
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɤɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ – ɥɭɱɲɚɹ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɚ — ɷɬɨ ɟɯɚɬɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ
192
289
Ɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ. Ɋɵɜɤɢ ɪɭɥɟɦ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ-ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɭɸ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ;
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɧɨɫ.
Ɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɲɚɯɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɨɞɰɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɢ
ɉɭɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɢ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ
ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɩɵ;
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. ɏɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɫ
(ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ, ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢ, ɫɝɭɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ,
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ
ɨɫɜɟɬɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ );
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ
Ɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɮɚɡɧɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɰɟɧɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ;
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
Ɣ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ
ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ;
Ɣ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɦɭ
ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɭ.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ
Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ. ɇɨ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ƚɐɋɇɍ,
ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ;
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ
Ɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ Ƚɐɋɇɍ ɫ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɥɨɬɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ;
ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ: ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɱɭɬɤɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
Ɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɚɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɚɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ (ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɬɢɩ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ + ɠɢɪ (ɧɟɮɬɶ ) + ɜɨɞɚ) ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ.
ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ( Ƚɐɇɍ) – ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɲɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ
ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ
ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ Ƚɐɇɍ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ [19].
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɥɢɤ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɪɨɫɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɜ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ
ɢ
ɫɟɥɚɯ.
ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɨ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɋɚɡɨɜɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ,
ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɢɯ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
288
193
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ, ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ, ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɢ
ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ, ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɫɵ, ɫɝɭɳɚɬɶ ɩɭɥɶɩɭ, ɨɱɢɳɚɬɶ (ɨɫɜɟɬɥɹɬɶ)
ɠɢɞɤɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɨɬ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɟɣ [18].
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɄɉȾ) ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɄɉȾ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɨɫɚ.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɄɉȾ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ, ɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɢ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɚɝɨɦ (ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ),
ɱɬɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɸ) ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2. ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ
ɜ
ɯɨɞɟ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɥɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ
“ɫɤɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ” ɧɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜ 2014ɝ. –
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ – ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɦ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ
ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɵ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2) ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ.
ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ (ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨ
ɮɚɡɚɦ, ɨɬɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɭɥɶɩɭ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɚɡɵ, ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɸ ɢ
ɬ.ɩ. ).
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɦ,
ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ,
194
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɟ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
(Ƚɐɋɇɍ)
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɢ ɧɚɫɨɫ, ɧɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ, ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [2,12…25], ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ:
Ɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɫ ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ;
Ɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ (ɩɭɥɶɩɵ) ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ, ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ;
Ɣ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɮɚɡɧɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ
ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ;
Ɣ ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɫɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ, ɩɥɚɜɭɱɢɯ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ;
ɜ
287
Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ, ɜ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɚɯ, ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɟ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤ
ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ
ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɢ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ, ɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɩɭɫɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ. Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ
ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ,
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɚɪɚɧɚ [14] ɩɪɨɥɢɥɚ ɫɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
[11,16]
ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ.
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ
(ɡɚɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ)
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ: ɉɭɫɬɶ y(t) ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɜ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ti
(i=1,2,3…n) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ Di.
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ. ȼɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ «ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ + ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ» ɢ ɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ «ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ +
ɠɢɞɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ +ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ» (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɩɟɫɨɤ + ɜɨɞɚ+ ɧɟɮɬɶ) ɧɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ [15,16,17].
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ
ɤɚɦɟɪɚ,
ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜɞɨɥɶ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɫɢ
Ɍɨɝɞɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ Xi ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ
(t), ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɭ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ Ti ɫ ɧɭɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ
Di, ɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ Ti
(t0i < t < t0i+1, Ti=t0i+1-t0i) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ:
yi t yi t ~
yi t ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɨɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɧɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɳɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
.
(1)
ɝɞɟ - yi (t) – ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɢ ɜ
yi
ɝɥɚɞɤɨ;
~
yi (t) – ɛɵɫɬɪɵɟ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ.
ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ
ɜɚɤɭɭɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɱɬɨ
| yi (t)|>>
~
| yi (t)|
ɢ
ɤɪɢɜɚɹ
y(t)
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ. Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ yi (t) ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
~
ɪɚɜɧɭɸ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɚ yi (t) – ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ D.
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɭɥɶɩɵ (ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ)
Ɇɟɪɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ǻi =maxʜ
~
yi (t)ʜ ɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ) ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ,
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ Di. ɇɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ.
ɨɛɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ǻ= maxǻi , i=1…n.
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
~
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ y (t) ɢ y (t) ɛɵɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ (1) ɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ ɭɝɥɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ X ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ
y (t) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ D, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ X = X(D).
ɜɚɤɭɭɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ
286
195
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (2), ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:
ɋɒȺ [5] ɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɠɚɧɟ [6]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ [7,8,9,10,11].
y(t)=X(D)·(t – ti) + ~yi (t)
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ
(2)
ɧɚɫɨɫɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɭ ɡɚɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ (9) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ
ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ) ɨɬ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ,
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ɂɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ (ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ) ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ.
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɟ
ɜ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
(ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ),
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɥɢɛɨ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɧɟɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɨɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɦɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢɛɨ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɥɸɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ
ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ,
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫ
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɢ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɨɜ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ.
ȼ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ Ɋɟɧɶɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ
ɒɟɧɧɨɧɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ q, ɝɞɟ q•0, q1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ
n
1
Hq =
log2 (¦ Pi q )
1 q
i 1
ɡɚɩɚɫ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ. ɋɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 7-8 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɢɠɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ. ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɧɚɩɨɪɚ) ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ
0,5 ɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 2-3 ɦ. ɜɨɞ. ɫɬ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ,ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɛɨɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 4-5 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɗɬɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ, ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɫɢɮɨɧɚ, ɞɸɤɟɪɚ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [12,13,14].
ȼ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ
(3)
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɦ, ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
ɝɞɟ pi - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ {x1, x2 ... xn}
196
285
ɍȾɄ 631: 623.83
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ, ɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ Ɋɟɧɶɢ
ɪɚɜɧɵ H q ( X ) = log2 n . ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɬ q, [7]. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ X – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɫ
ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ, n – ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɢɡ
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥɛɞɭɦɚɧɚɩ , ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ,
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɪ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɒɟɧɧɨɧɚ, [6]:
Ɍɚɪɚɡɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ɏ. Ⱦɭɥɚɬɢ
n
H = ¦ Pi log2 Pi
ɝ.Ɍɚɪɚɡ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ.
(4)
i 1
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɝɞɟ ‫݌‬௜ ൌ
௫೔
ି σ೙
೔సభ ௫೔
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɨɥɟ) ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ) ɛɢɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ, [4,7].
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɭ ɉɢɥɭ (ɉɢɟɥɭ). ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɉɢɥɭ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ
ɧɚ
(ɉɢɟɥɭ), ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɒɟɧɧɨɧɚ, (6) ɦɟɠɞɭ 0 ɢ 1.
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ.
Ɍɚɤɨɣ
The state, development and prospects of applying hydrocyclonic and filtrocyclonic
ɫɦɵɫɥ
ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ
ɬɨɱɟɤ
ɧɚ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ
ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ – P(D). Ⱥɛɫɰɢɫɫɚ ɬɨɱɟɤ Q ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ
pump installations for cleaning natural and sewer water of manufacturing enterprises
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ
from sediment and other light impurities are highlight in this article. The dynamics of
ɩɨɞɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɞɨɥɢ)
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɬɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɨɝɨ
Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
improvement of construction the installations able to divide multicomponent
hydroslurries into her separate constituents is shown.
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ
Ɋɟɧɶɢ
(R)
ɨɬ
ɨɛɳɟɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ
(W).
Ⱦɥɹ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ q ɢɦɟɟɦ:
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɲɟɫɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ
Wq R u || v Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɧɚ
1
D 1
log 2
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ (ɫɩɨɫɨɛ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ-ɀɚɧɝɚɪɢɧɚ) [1,2], ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
xX
D
§ u Dx ·
¸¸
© v Dx ¹
¦ u Dx D ¦ Dx vD ¨¨
(5)
xX
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ,
Ƚɞɟ u(D) ɢ v(D) – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ.
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɟ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ
ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ [3], Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɢ [4] ,
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɚɯɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɟ.
284
197
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
§ uDx ·
¨¨ vD ¸¸
x ¹
©
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ,
ɤɚɤ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢɥɢ “ɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ” ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ,
(ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ), ɜ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ {Ɋ(D); (Q)} ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ
ɩɪɹɦɵɟ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ Dk ɢ Do. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
§ u Dx ·
¸¸
¨¨
© v Dx ¹
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɭ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (5) ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ
W = k(D)R + b
(6)
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ D0 ɢ Dk, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ Į, ɩɪɢ Į>0, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ:
QW || P ɝɞɟ
Ɋ
-
n
§ n pD
·
1
1
log¨¨ ¦ Di1 Di 1¸¸
log ¦ piD qi1D Di 1
D 1 © i 1 qi
i 1
¹ D 1
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ, ɡɧɚɤ «ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ» ɢ ɡɧɚɤ «ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɚɹ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ».
Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɯɨɱɭ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ, ɢ ɫɚɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɪɚɞɨɜɚɬɶ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ. ɇɨ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɫɶ, ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ.
ȼ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ - ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ, ɷɬɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɲɚɝ ɤ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɸ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɜɢɞ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ:
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɫ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɦɢ, ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɬ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɞɨɦɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɥɟɟ 15-20 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ (Ɋɢɫ. 1).
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ,
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
N H ; Ni – i-ɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ;
N(İ)
-
ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ; qi – ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ.
198
ɜ
ɡɨɧɵ ɪɚɜɧɚ 200 ɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɥɵɦɢ
(7)
–ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ; Pi –
Ni
Ⱥɧɝɪɚɩɚ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 50 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ; Į
pi
ɪɟɤɢ
Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɑɟɪɧɹɯɨɜɫɤ. ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ; Ⱥ –
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ,
ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ
283
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɚ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɚ.
Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ,
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ. Ⱦɨɦɚ ɫɬɨɹɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡ (ɪɢɫ.1). Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɉɁɉ, ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ – 30 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɇɟ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɜ 10-15 ɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɋɢɫ.2 Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɟɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, [8].
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ, ɢɥɢ
ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɞɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɟ.
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 1 ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɂ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵ, ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɉɁɉ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɵ.
ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɤɨɜ».
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɡ. ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. ɉɪɨɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
282
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨɬ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ
ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ, ɧɨ, ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɬɨ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ
ɜ
ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
(ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ). ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɠɟ
ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
199
ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɬ, ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɧɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ. Ⱦɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, [13]
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨ-ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɜ
ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ
ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɧɭɠɧɵ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɹ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɥɢɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɧɚ ɟɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɬ, ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɧɚ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ
ɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɢɯ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɩɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɪɹɞɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜɡɹɬɵɦ ɢɡ «ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɣ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ», ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɥɶɞɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ. ɇɚ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ.
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭ, ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ
ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ, ɩɨ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɡɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ. ɉɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɬɵ, ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ “ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ” ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɛɵɥɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɛɥɢɡɤɢ
ɤ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ.
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ,
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ.
ɤɨɫɦɨɫɧɢɦɤɢ
ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ,
ɨɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ
ɤ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɥɢɧɢɢ,
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ.
1. Ⱦɭɛɨɜɢɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ɇ., ɋɬɚɪɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ȼ. ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɸɚɧɫ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɗȺɂ ɆɂɎɂ «ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ
ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ, ɧɟ
ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ». Ɇ, 2007 ɋ.58 – 64
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ȽɌɋ.
ȼ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
2. Ⱦ.Ȼ. Ƚɟɥɚɲɜɢɥɢ, Ƚ.ɋ. Ɋɨɡɟɧɛɟɪɝ, Ⱦ.ɂ. ɂɭɞɢɧ ɢ ɫɨɚɜɬ.; Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ.
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɬɟɦɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɹ ɜɢɠɭ ɢ
Ɇɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ȼɢɨɫɮɟɪɚ», 2013, ɬ. 5,
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɧɚ
ʋ 2. ɋ. 143 - 159
200
281
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ,
3. MacArthur R.H. Fluctuations of animal populations, and measure of community
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɥɶɞɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ
stability // Ecology. 1955. V. 36. ʋ7. P. 353-356.
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
4. Hurlbert S.H. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɷɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜ
parameters // Ecology. V. 52. ʋ4. P. 577-586.
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ
5. Benoit B. Mandelbrot A Multifractal Walk Down Wall Street// Scientific
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ.
American. Feb. 1999 pp 70-73.
ɇɚɧɟɫɹ ɷɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ.
6. Brillouin L. Science and information theory. - New York: Academic Press,
ɗɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɞɨɱɟɬɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ
1956. - 320 p.
ɪɹɞɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɤ ɊɎ. ȼ
7. Ɋɟɧɶɢ Ⱥ. Ɍɪɢɥɨɝɢɹ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. — Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1980. — 376 ɫ.
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ (ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ «ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ»), ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨ
8. Rényi entropy as a measure of entanglement in quantum spin chain: F.
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ. ɉɥɸɫ ɤɨ
Franchini, A. R. Its, V. E. Korepin, Journal of Physics A: Math. Theor. 41 (2008)
ɜɫɟɦɭ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ
025302.
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ 30 ɥɟɬ, ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ
9. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɂ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɜ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ. ɇɟ ɪɟɞɤɨ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ:
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ. Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɬ.
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ – Ɍɜɟɪɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɌɜȽɭ, 1998. – ȼɵɩ.1 – ɋ. 145-155
Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ, ɤɚɤ
10. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. ɋɦɟɬɚɧɢɧ ȼ. ɂ. Ɍɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ // ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2013. - ʋ1. – ɋ. 11-16
ɷɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ
11.Kudinov A.N., Tsvetkov V.P. and Tsvetkov I.V. Catastrophes in the Multi-
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɤɥɨɧɵ
Fractal Dynamics of Social-Economic Systems. Russian Journal of Mathematical
ɞɧɚ, ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɵ, ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ,
Physics, 2011, v.18, ʋ2, p.149-155.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɦɢ.
12. Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɫɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ, Ɍ.Ɋ. Ɉɫɨɤɢɧɚ, Ɍ.Ʉ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɲ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɞɥɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ/
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ. ȼ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ, ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɦ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. - 2010. - ȼɵɩ. 51: ɋɟɪ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜ. ɢ ɷɤɨɧ.
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ, ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ 1:10000. ȼ
ɧɚɭɤɢ. - ɋ. 13-20
ɥɭɱɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2 ɦɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ
13. Ȼɵɤ Ɏ.Ʌ., Ʉɢɬɭɲɢɧ ȼ.Ƚ., ɉɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨ 10 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɂ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɬɨɱɧɚɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. “Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ”, ʋ5, 2007ɝ. ɋ.3
ɬɨɩɨɤɚɪɬɚ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ. ɇɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɬɨɩɨɤɚɪɬɭ,
14. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɇ.ɂ. ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɨɩɹɬɶ ɠɟ, ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ,1991, ʋ3.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɨɞɟ ɛɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ
280
15. ȿ. ɇ. Ⱦɟɫɹɬɢɪɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɘ. Ʌɚɜɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ. ɇ. Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
201
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ȼȽɍ, ɫɟɪɢɹ: “ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ (ɉɁɉ), ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ”, 2012, ʋ 2 – ɋ.106-110
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
16. A.N. Kudinov, O.I. Krylova, V.P. Tsvetkov, I.V. Tsvetkov Mathematical
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭ ɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
model of multifractal dynamics and global warming//Eurasian Mathematical
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. ɇɟ ɪɟɞɤɨ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
Journal. VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2, 2014. P 52-60.
ɡɨɧ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɭɫɚɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɢɥɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɚ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡ. ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. ɋɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ,
ɬ.ɤ. ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ȼɁ,
ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɟɫɬɢɫɶ
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ. ɑɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɥɚɫɢɣ.
ɉɨɤɚ ɢɞɭɬ ɫɩɨɪɵ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ.
ɂɡ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ, ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɥ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɢɥɭ, ɚ
ɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ. Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ – ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɭ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ. ɉɨ ɫɭɬɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ, ɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨ ɦɨɟɦɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȼɨɞɧɨɦɭ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɭ ɊɎ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
202
279
ɍȾɄ 502.36:556.18
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɡɨɧ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɢɟɜ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ - ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ:
ɍȾɄ 502.52, 504.064.36, 504.064.37
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
Ƚ.ȼ. ɒɢɛɚɥɨɜɚ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ (ȼɁ) ɢ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ (ɉɁɉ). ȼ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɢɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ
ɜɵɜɨɞɵ
ɨɛ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:
ȼɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ, ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ, ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ.
Annotation: The article describes the problem of economic activity within the
limits of water protection zone. Basic complications with which it is necessary to
clash at development of projects on establishment of scopes of the indicated areas are
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɵ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ
ɢ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
In article the primary goals of monitoring of the water objects subject to
anthropogenous influence are defined. The methods applied to an estimation of
their ecological condition are considered. Possibilities of application of the data of
remote sensing of the Earth and geoinformation technology for an estimation of an
ecological condition of water objects are described.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Keywords: monitoring, an ecological condition, anthropogenous influence,
pollution sources, remote sensing.
expounded in the article, the variants of their decision are offered, conclusions are
done about actuality of development of similar document.
Keywords:
Bank-protection
area,
off-shore
defence
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ í ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
zonal,
coastline,
establishment of scopes, special informative signs.
ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ «ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɢ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɨɫ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ».
Ɍɚɤɢɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɱɟɪɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ,
ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ. ȼ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ - ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ (ȼɁ) ɢ
278
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɧɚ
ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ, ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɯ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
203
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
17.
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ
Ⱥ.ɘ.
Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ
ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ
ɜɨɞɧɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ Ƚɗɋ, 1991 257 c. : ɢɥ ɊȽȻ ɈȾ 71:94-
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ,
5/256
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ
18. Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.ȿ. ȼɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ / Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ, Ʉ.ɇ. Ȼɟɫɫɬɭɠɟɜɚ.
ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ.
Ɇ.: ɗɧɟɪɝɨɚɬɨɦɢɡɞɚɬ, 1986. 223 ɫ.
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ
19.
Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ
Ⱥ.ȿ.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɤ, ɨɡɟɪ, ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ // ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ:
ɦɨɪɟɣ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ, ɇɈɄ, 2008. ɋ.133–138.
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ
20. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ Ƚ.ɏ., ɉɪɨɲɥɹɤɨɜ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨ-Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ.
ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2006 ɝɨɞ , ʋ4, ɫ.17-22.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞ ɫɭɲɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ: ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ
21. Ȼɨɥɝɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ
ɫɟɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. ȼ. Ȼɨɥɝɨɜ, ȼ. Ɇ. Ɇɢɲɨɧ, ɇ. ɂ. ɋɟɧɰɨɜɚ ; ɂȼɉ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ; ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɊȺɇ. - Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ : ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2005. - 318 ɫ. 309-315. - ISBN 5-02-032912-6.
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ; ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ.
Ɇɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ,
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ
ɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ) ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ.
ɉɪɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ: ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ,
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ
204
277
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
Ɍɪɭɞɵ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ» ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ȼɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɊȺɇ,
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
2001, 245 ɫ., ɬɢɪ.300 ɷɤɡ., ɫ.166-170
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
7. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ⱦɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɞɚ Magazine, ʋ 12 (16) 2008, ɫ. 40-44, ISSN 2020-3532.
(ȽɈɇɋ) ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ [1] ɢ
8. ɀɟɥɟɡɧɹɤɨɜ Ƚ. ȼ. , Ɉɜɱɚɪɨɜ ȿ. ȿ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 ɬɵɫ. ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ (ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɪɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ,
ɫɬɨɤɚ. Ɇ. : Ʉɨɥɨɫ, 1993.
ɤɨɥɨɞɰɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ
9. Ɋɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ʌɨɛɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɤ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ. – Ɍɪɭɞɵ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ: ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ȽȽɂ, 1968, ɜɵɩ. 163.
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
10. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɉ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ.
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ.
ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 1983 ɝɨɞ, N 5, ɫ.26-44 , ISSN 0321-0596
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
11. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ⱦ.ə. Ɇɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ. Ʌ., Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ,
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ: ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
1976, 255 ɫ.
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ
12. Ɇɭɡɵɥɟɜ ɋ.ȼ., ɉɪɢɜɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ȿ., Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ⱦ.ə. ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ. ɇɚɭɤɚ. 1982, 185 ɫ.
ɟɞɢɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ. ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
13. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ (ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
beta- ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ) ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɟɞɢɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ
ɫɬɨɤɚ».
Ɍɪɭɞɵ
ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ,
ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ. ɊȺɇ ɂȼɉ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ.
2012, ɬɢɪ. 200 ɷɤɡ., 488 ɫ., ɫ.141-147 , ISBN 978-5-85941-438-3
ɋɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
14. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢɤɚɡ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ: ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɆɉɊ ɊɎ ɨɬ 30 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. N 314.
ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɜ
15. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ., Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ. ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞ.
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ», 500 ɷɤɡ., 185 ɫ. (ɫ.165-176), Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2010, ISBN 978-5-89231-303-2
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
16. ɉ. Ʌɚɭɤɫ, ɂ. ȼɚɧ Ȼɢɤ ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
í ɷɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɦɭ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ. ɎȺȼɊ (Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ). Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2009 ɝ.
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ.
276
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
205
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɡɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ,
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ.
ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ,
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ [15]. ɂɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ
ɜɢɞɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɢɩɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɜɢɞɨɜ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɩɚɤɟɬɵ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɞɥɹ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [16] ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɨɜɚɹ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ɋɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɚ
ɨɛɡɨɪɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɞɚɬɶ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ.
[17-21].
Ȼɢɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ í ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (ɬɟɫɬ-
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ) ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
1. Ƚɥɚɡɭɧɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ, ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ.
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ȼɨɞɚ Magazine, ʋ 8 (60) 2012, ɫ. 34-36, ISSN 2020-532
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ:
ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ, ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ,
2. ɒɚɯɨɜ ɂ.ɋ. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ-
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ. 2000 ɝ. – 289 ɫ.
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɚɩɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ.
3. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ., Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ ȼ.ɇ., Ƚɥɚɡɭɧɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ: ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɆȽɍɉ, 2013, 258 ɫ., ISBN 978-5-89231-415-2
ɧɢɡɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ
4. Ɋɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 27 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 2009 ɝ. ʋ 1235-ɪ Ɉɛ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ȼɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɊɎ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɹ ɜɫɸ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
5. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 19.04.2012 n 350 "Ɉ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɠɟ
ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ "Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2012 - 2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ".
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ
6. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜ
206
275
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ, ɢ ɹɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɢɞɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ
0,1 ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ (ȾɁɁ) ɢ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ). ɉɨ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ: ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫ
ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ [2].
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɛɨɪɚ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,
ɩɟɪɟɛɨɟɜ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [3] ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɛɨɟɜ.
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɵ
ɤɚɤ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (Ƚɂɋ): ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ȼɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɨɞɢɧ
ɢɡ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ.
ɉɨ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɦ ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [3, 14]. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɚɥɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɦɵ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ.
ȼ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ,
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ.
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ
ɜ
ɨ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɵɯ
ɡɨɧɚɯ
ɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ
ɢ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨ-ɩɪɹɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ) ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
Ⱦɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ
ɫɬɨɤɨɜ
«ɜɨɞɚ-ɫɭɲɚ»,
ɜ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɬ.ɩ..
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɱɬɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɯ, ɜ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦ
274
207
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɵɟ [3].
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ (5), ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ȼ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɷɜɬɪɨɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ,
«ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɧɢɸ» ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ.
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɟɬɚ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɟɬɚ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
(m ˜ E 2 ˜ m 1)
­
;
°°D
1 m
®
2
° E ˜ (m ˜ E 2 ˜ m 1) ˜ (1 m)
V2
2
°¯ ( E 2 ˜ m 1) ˜ ( E 3 ˜ m 2)
(5)
1 r 2
12
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ (5) ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ E , ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ
ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (0,5–1 ɦ). Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ D ɢ E ɛɟɬɚ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ WorldView-1,2; GeoEye; Pleiades-1A1B; QuickBird;
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ r ɢ
Ikonos ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ [4].
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ p.
Ɋɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɹ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢ
ɮɨɧɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ.
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɞ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɪɟɤ ɢ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɫɴɟɦɤɭ.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɫ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɝɞɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ [14]. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ í ɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɨ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ, ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
Ɉɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ
ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ;
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ; ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɚɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɪɟɤ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɟ ɤ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɦɵɦ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɫ
ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɪɟɤ
ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ [3].
208
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ
273
ɢɡ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɯ – ɨɞɧɨɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɞɵ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ
ɫɬɨɤɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɞɜɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ p ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
q. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ (1).
f ( x)
xD 1 (1 x) E 1
B(D , E )
xD 1 (1 x) E 1
³0 B(D , E ) dx
x
; F ( x)
(1)
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɝɢɛɤɨɟ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɨ
ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɦ
ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɛɟɬɚ - ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɟɬɚ - ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ,
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɯɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɫɧɢɦɤɢ ɫɨ
p, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɨɞɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ALOS ɢ «Ɋɟɫɭɪɫ-ȾɄ1» ɩɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɭ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɵ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɞɥɹ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ p ɢ q ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ r ɦɨɞɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ mq.
ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɞɨɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɉɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ 5 ɝɚ. ɉɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ
[11].
ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ, ɛɢɨɩɪɭɞɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɜɚɥɨɜɤɚ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɭɸ
mq
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫ
ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ
m 0.5 r ˜ ( p 0.5)
(3)
ɫɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (4) ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ.
V r2
V 02 (1 r 2 ) ; V r2
1 r2
12
(4)
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Pleiades
272
209
ɦɟɫɬɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ⱦ.ə.,
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɋɚɪɦɚɧɨɜ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɭ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɚɫɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɪɟɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [11]. ɉɪɢ
ɢ ɬɚɥɶɜɟɝɢ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɠɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ í ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɤɚɦ,
ɪɹɞɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [12] ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ
ɦɟɫɬɚɦ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞ. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɢɳɟɬɫɹ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɬɚɤɨɟ
ɂ.Ɉ.)
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɢɯ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ: ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɢ
ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɟɡɞɨɜ
ɧɟɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ
ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ.
ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ƚɂɋ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ, ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ
ȼ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ Y
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 10 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2007 ɝ. ʋ 219 «Ɉɛ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ».
2. Ɂɥɨɛɢɧɚ Ɍ. Ƚ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ƚɂɋ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ. «Ƚɟɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ»; ʋ 3, 2013 í ɫ. 33-36.
3. Ɏɨɤɢɧɚ ɇ. Ⱥ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ȾɁɁ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, 2010 í
ȼɵɩɭɫɤ 33-34 í ɫ. 304-312.
4. Ⱥɛɪɨɫɢɦɨɜ Ⱥ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ȾɁɁ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ ɞɥɹ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ /Ⱥ. ȼ. Ⱥɛɪɨɫɢɦɨɜ, Ȼ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɜɨɪɤɢɧ // Ƚɟɨɩɪɨɮɢ.
— 2009 í ʋ5. í ɫ. 40-45.
210
,
ɝɞɟ A – ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ n*N ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ai , j , X – ɜɟɤɬɨɪɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ x1, ..., xn
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
[12]. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
ai , j
ɢ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ x j .
ɋɬɪɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɢ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
A˜ X
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɬɨ
ɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ
ɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɨ-ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ.
Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɤ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ),
ɨɞɧɨɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ.
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɋ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
(ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
-
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɫ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɬɚ – ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [13]. Ȼɟɬɚ - ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ – ɞɜɭɯ - ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɩɪɢ
271
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
ɉɊɈȽɇɈɁ ɉȿɊȿɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɃ ȻȿɊȿȽɈȼ ɂ ȾɇȺ ɉɊɂ
ɇȺɉɈɅɇȿɇɂɂ ȻɈȽɍɑȺɇɋɄɈȽɈ ȼɈȾɈɏɊȺɇɂɅɂɓȺ ȾɅə ɈɐȿɇɄɂ
ɋɈɏɊȺɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȺɊɏȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɈȻɔȿɌɈȼ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ [8]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɬ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ, ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ ȼ.ɇ. ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ɞ.ɬ.ɧ, ɩɪɨɮ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɹɞɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɹɞɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɩɨɞ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ,
ɑɚɫɬɶ 1
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɪɟɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɥɢɛɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɥɢɛɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ [9, 10].
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɣ
ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬ
ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ «ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ»
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɦɵɬɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ
Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɢ ɞɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɬɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɢɫɶ
ɫ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ
ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
270
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɚɦɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɧɚ
(ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
(ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ), ɞɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɫɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɥɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ,
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ȼɋɇ 163-83, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɵɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɞɜɭɦɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [3].
ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɢɩɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɭɸ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɜɨɥɧ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ. ɑɚɫɬɶ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɝɭɸ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɭɸ ɨɬɦɟɥɶ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɭɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ
211
ɨɬɦɟɥɶ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɥɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 50% ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤ 2025 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɢ ɞɨ 70 %. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ, ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ 18 ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ 1000 ɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɟɟ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɭɸ
ɫɢɥɭ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. Ʉ 2025
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ.
ɝɨɞɚɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɫɬɢ ɞɨ 33. ɇɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ: Ȼɥɢɠɧɢɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɤ, ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ Ʉɢɬɚɣ,
ɇ, ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ho. ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ
Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ, ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɇ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɇ+D
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ.
(ɪɢɫ. 1), ɝɞɟ D - ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬ
ɥɶɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɘɠɧɵɣ ɢ
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 100 ɪɚɡ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ - ȼɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɊɎ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2012 - 2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ» [4, 5]. ȼ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨ
Vɪ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ; Vɚ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ; ȼɨ - ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ; H - ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɇɉɍ; D - ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ; Jɧ - ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ;
Jɩ - ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ; Lɛ - ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɛɟɪɟɝɚ.
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ [3, 6, 7] ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ȼH ɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ȼD ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦ:
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ
x=k˜y2+(1/mɩ)˜y.
(1)
212
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. ɉɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɟ,
269
ȼH=k˜H2+(1/mɩ)˜H
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ. ȼ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɦɵ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɟɦɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ȼD=D˜[2˜k˜H+(1/mɩ)].
ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
(2)
(3)
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ȼH ɢ ȼD ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ȼɨ:
ȼɨ=ȼH+ȼD
ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ
(4)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ k ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ
k=(mɩ-mo)/(20˜mɩ˜mo),
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
(5)
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ
ɝɞɟ mɩ - ɭɤɥɨɧ ɩɥɹɠɚ (ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɭɪɟɡɚ); mo - ɭɤɥɨɧ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
(ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ).
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ,
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ,
ɚɬɨɦɧɭɸ
ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɭ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ mɩ ɢ mo ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ (ɪɢɫ.2).
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ, ɨɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɟ [1] ɞɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ȼɨɥɝɢ, Ɉɛɢ ɢ ɂɪɬɵɲɚ,
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ ɢ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɨ - ȿɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ (ȺȿɄ) ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ 13
ɝɢɝɚɜɚɬɬ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 45 ɦɥɪɞ ɤȼɬ*ɱɚɫ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨɄɚɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɛɨɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɷɬɨ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɢ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ɋɢɫ.2 Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ mɩ ɢ mo ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ [2], ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ. ɉɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ Ɋɂɋɂ (Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ
Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ H ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ ho ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɤɪɚɟ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ (ɪɢɫ.3).
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ) ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
268
213
627.81
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ - ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ,
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ
ɜ
ɯɨɞɟ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ (ɇ, ɦ) ɨɬ
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ (hɨ,ɦ) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ (d, ɦɦ).
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ.
ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
Ɂɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ tgJɩ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɚ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0,5 (ɪɢɫ. 1). Ɂɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ tgJɧ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ,
ɛɪɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɝɢɦ, ɱɟɦ ɭɤɥɨɧ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ȼ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
Annotation
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Water control questions are considered in the article. Basic problems in the field of
tgJɧ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɪɚɬɶ: ɞɥɹ ɫɵɩɭɱɢɯ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ
total water use and river flow regulation are discussed. Aims and tasks are set forth in area
0,5, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɟɤ ɢɡ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ - 1,0.
of water control. The methodical aspects of decision of hydrological and water planning
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
tasks are considered. The estimation of necessary baseline information is given. Article
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
concerns methods of the river flow modelling, in particular with the use of beta-distribution
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ:
probability. The article describes the criteria to meet water users and simulation techniques
F=Vɚ/Vɪ,
(6)
of water management systems.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɝɞɟ Vɚ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ; Vɪ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ, ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɤɥɨɧɚ; F - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ dt0,05 ɦɦ.
Keywords
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Lɛ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
Water management, flow regulation mode, water consumption, to meet the criteria
for water, water systems, modeling of runoff simulation.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ.
214
267
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɢ
ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
2013 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ V’ɪ; ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ V’ɚ;
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1
Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɂ-13-16: «Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ L’ɛ. ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ F’, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ (ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ - 0,7). ȿɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ
ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ L’ɛ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚ
'Lɛ:
'Lɛ=(F˜VpVa)/(F˜ZpZa)
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ». ȽɄ ɨɬ «24» ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ
ɝɞɟ Zp - ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɡɲɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ; Za - ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɡɲɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ
ʋ ɂ-13-16;
2
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ Va (ɪɢɫ. 1).
Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ Lɛ, ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ. Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ «ȼɨɥɝɚ», 2013;
3
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ Mike11. Ɇ.:
ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
Lɛ=L’ɛ'Lɛ
ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ «ȼɨɥɝɚ», 2013;
4
(7)
Vp=V’ɪ'Lɛ ˜Zp;
MIKE VIEW ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Va=V’ɚ+'Lɛ˜Za
(8)
ɉɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ Lɛ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
MOUSE, MIKESWMM, MIKENET, MIKE11, MIKEURBAN/Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ
ɫɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ.
ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ «ȼɨɥɝɚ», 2013.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɞɧɚ ɜ ɥɨɠɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɜ
ɫ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɦɟɫɬ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ
ɜɨɥɧɵ 1 ɢ 3ɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɈȺɈ Ʌɟɧɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɨɟɤɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɜɨɥɧɵ 10 ɢ 1% ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ [ɉɪɨɟɤɬ
«ɋɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ)
ɢ
ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ȻɨȽɗɋ ɜ 2012 ɝ.» ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ
ɨɬɱɟɬ…, 2012].
266
215
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.
Ɍɚɛɥ.1
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɫɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ.
ʋ
ɩ/ɩ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Ɇɟɫɬɨ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Ʉɚɬɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Ʉɚɬɚ 2
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ʉɚɬɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 3
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
2, ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɢɱɧɵɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ
ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɚɥɚɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ
Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɬɢɤɨ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ
ɍɝɨɥ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɤɨɫɚ, ɝɪɚɞ
Ɉɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɭɯɨɝɨ
Ɇɨɤɪɨɝɨ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɍɤɥɨɧ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ,
ɝɪɚɞ.
40
15
50
30
25
9
40
15
1
ɉɟɫɨɤ
25
20
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
40
15
1
25
15
2
28
15
5
Ɋɵɯɥɵɟ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 13.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ.
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
20
1
28
15
3
40
15
0
40
15
0
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
20
1
40
20
5
ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
(ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɢ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɜɨɞɵ). ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɚɬɵ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚ 9 ɞɧɟɣ
ɞɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɢɤ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥ 3, 4 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ).
15
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɚ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
20
0
16
Ɇɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ Ɉɬɢɤɨ 1
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
30
20
6
216
Ɏɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ (ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɧɚ 25 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ, ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6)
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 25.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
265
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ: 01 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 33 ɞɧɹ ɞɨ ɩɢɤɚ), 07 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 27 ɞɧɟɣ ɞɨ
17
ɩɢɤɚ), 13 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 21 ɞɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɩɢɤɚ) ɢ 25 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 9 ɞɧɟɣ ɞɨ ɩɢɤɚ). ɇɚ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 3, 4 ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɱɟɪɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ)
18
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɨɣ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɢɧɢɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ 13 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ
(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5) ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
19
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ, ɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɸɸ ɞɚɬɭ.
20
21
22
23
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
ɑɟɪɧɨɜɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ɀɟɜɚɤɚɧ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶɉɨɥɨɜɢɧɧɚɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
25
ȼɚɬɚɤɢɧɚ
26 ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȿɥɨɜɤɚ 3
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
27
Ʉɟɭɥɶ
28 ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 1
24
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 01.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
33
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ Ɍɭɲɚɦɫɤɢɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ
Ȼɵɤɨɜɚɹ 2
34
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ
əɪɨɫɚɦɚ 1
29
30
31
32
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
2
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
14
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
11
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
9
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
14
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
15
5
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
20
8
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
25
20
40
20
3
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
40
15
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
40
15
15
60
60
ɉɟɫɨɤ
25
20
23
ɉɟɫɨɤ
25
20
2
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
28
15
3
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
40
15
60
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
20
3
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 07.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
264
217
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013
(ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
Ɋɢɫ.4 ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ (ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɑɚɫɬɶ 2
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ
5%, ɩɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɜɨɞɵ - 10%).
Ɇɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2
8 ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ, ɞɢɫɥɨɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ʉɚɬɚ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ: 190-222 ɦ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2 ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚ 10 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. Ɂɚ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɨ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ 9 ɦ. Ɉɤɨɥɨ
30% ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɨ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 11 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.5).
218
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɛɵɥɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝ. ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɫɹ
ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ: ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɧɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ (ɭɪɨɜɧɢ) ɜɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ
ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 3-6 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ: ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ (ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ) ɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭ (ɫɦ.ɜɵɲɟ). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
263
ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ: ɦɨɫɬɵ ɚɪɨɱɧɵɟ,
ɨɞɧɨ- ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɵɟ; ɦɨɫɬɵ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɞɧɨ- ɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɵɟ; ɦɨɫɬɵ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ, ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɥɢɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɜɟɪɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɪɟɞɚ MIKE 11 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɦɛ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ
ɦɨɫɬɚ,
ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ.
ȼ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɜ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
Ɋɢɫ. 5 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɍɫɬɶ Ʉɚɬɚ 2, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ
ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ).
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɝ.
Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ - Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɠɢɥɶɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɞɚɦɛɵ.
XVII-XX ɜɜ. ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-
Ƚɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ
ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜ 92 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ
Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɦ Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ʉɚɬɚ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ: 187-191 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.6).
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɣɦɵ ɪ.
Ⱥɦɭɪ.
7 Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ
Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ 1958, 1972, 1984 ɢ 2013 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ 10000 ɦ3/ɫ. ɉɪɢɬɨɤ
ɩɨ ɪ. ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ
MIKE 11 ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɛɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪ. ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢ ɞɨ ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ (Ƚɉ
Ɋɢɫ. 6 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ, ɩɪɢ
5013 ɝ.ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ) ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ Ƚɉ 5013, ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɪ. ɍɫɫɭɪɢ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ).
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5002 (ɫ. ɇɚɝɢɛɨɜɨ).
Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬ ɟɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ 10
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɥɟɬ. Ɂɚ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 23% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɨ
Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ.ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ) ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 1958 ɝ.
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɶɸ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 10 ɦ.
262
219
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ 2, ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ 2 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 100 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɚ, ɩɨ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɦɵɫɭ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ - ɪ. Ȭɞɚɪɦɵ. Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɚ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɚɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 500 ɦ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɬ 186 … 193 ɦ. Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɡɚ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 60 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ) ɨɤɨɥɨ 17% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɶɸ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 8 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.7).
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
6 ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ȽȾɆ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 7 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ, ɩɪɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ).
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɚ
ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɉɪɢɚɧɝɚɪɶɟ, ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɧɚ ɨ.
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɣɦɟ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ, ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 28 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɬ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɟɤɢ, ɢ ɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ 188 - 208 ɦ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɟɡɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ 8 - 20 ɦ. ȼ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɹ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ. ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɦɵɫɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ,
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ - 570 ɦ. ɘɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɐɆɊ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɞɨ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ, ɟɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ - 280 ɦ. ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ,
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ MIKE 11 ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ - 590 ɦ. ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
220
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
261
Ⱦɥɹ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɣɦɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ, ɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɚ - 10 ɦ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 81800 ɤɜ.ɦ.
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɭ (10-12 ɦ
ɢ
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɪɹɞ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ.
ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ), ɩɨɤɪɵɬɭɸ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɦɢ ɞɸɧɚɦɢ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ
4 ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ 10 ɥɟɬ. ȼ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɦ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɢ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 55% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɜ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɚ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɦ Ȼȼɍ ɢ ɜ ɎȽɍ "Ⱥɤɜɚɢɧɮɨɬɟɤɚ" ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 8 ɦ. ɉɨɞ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɶɸ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɩɨɞ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɨ 3 ɦ.
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ (ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɐɆɊ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɪɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ I ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɥɟɜɨɦ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪɭɱɶɹ Ȼɚɥɚɝɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɟ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɜ 22 ɤɦ ɧɚ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ. ȼ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [1].
ɜɵɫɨɬ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ - 198-200 ɦ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ 9 12,0 ɦ. ɋ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɛɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ,
5 ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ MIKE 11.
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɭɱɶɹ, ɸɠɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɨɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɭɩɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ 18-20 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ,
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 40-80 ɦ ɨɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ
Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ.
ɢ ɱɟɬɤɢɯ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ MIKE11
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ, ɱɟɪɟɡ 18 ɥɟɬ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɭ ɡɚɫɵɩɥɟɬ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɨ 3 ɦ.
[2-4]. ɍɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ: ɨɬ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ
ɫ. ɑɟɪɧɹɟɜɨ (ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚ 454 ɤɦ ɝ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɜɟɳɟɧɫɤ) ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ (Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɟ
Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ.
ɦɨɪɟ). ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɢ: ɪ. Ɂɟɹ,
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɦɵɫɟ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɪ. Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ.
ɪ. Ȼɭɪɟɹ, ɪ.ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢ, ɪ.Ȼ.Ȼɢɪɚ, ɪ. ɍɫɫɭɪɢ, ɪ.Ɍɭɧɝɭɫɤɚ, ɪ.Ƚɭɪ ɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɝɭɧɶ. ɇɚ
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɢ
ɬɟɪɪɚɫɨɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɭɩɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ, ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 4.50 ɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ.
ɞɨ 11.00 ɦ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ
ɤ
ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦɭ
ɪɚɣɨɧɭ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ
– 182… 200 ɦ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ, ȼ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 10 ɥɟɬ 65% ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɟɬ ɫɥɨɣ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɨ 18 ɦ. ɑɟɪɟɡ 100 ɥɟɬ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɚ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 20 ɦ.
260
221
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ-1
3 Ɉɱɚɝɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ
ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 115 ɥɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 6,2 ɤɦ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ.
ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ. ɇɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ, ɜ 100-150 ɦ ɨɬ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ.
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɫɚ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ ɪ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ ɢ
Ɇɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ. ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ, ɫɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɤ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɘɠɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ.
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ,
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɤ ɸɝɭ (ɞɨ 1 ɦ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɧɚ 10 ɦ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ). Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɥɟɫɟɧɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɨɬ
ɫɥɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
60
Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ - 201-216 ɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɞɨ
100%.
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
(Ȼɋȼ). Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ - 191 ɦ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɜɧɟɜɵɯ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ. ɋɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɜ 10 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɚɯ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ ɢ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 3…4 ɦ, ɜ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 15 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.8).
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɭɫɫɨɧɚ
ɧɚ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨ-ɮɪɨɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɨɜ ɫ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɸɠɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ
ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɱɚɝɚ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɚɦɭɪɫɤɢɣ,
Ɂɟɣɫɤɨ-Ȼɭɪɟɢɧɫɤɢɣ,
ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɍɫɫɭɪɢɣɫɤɢɣ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɨɤ,
Ɋɢɫ. 8 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 1, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹɦ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ).
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨ-ɮɪɨɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ,
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ, ɧɨ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 6,4 ɤɦ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ.
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɱɚɝɚɯ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ - 205-207 ɦ (Ȼɋȼ). Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ - 191 ɦ.
ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ. ɘɠɧɚɹ ɢ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ. ɋ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ-2
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
222
ɜ
ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ
259
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɜɪɚɝɨɦ, ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ - ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
1 Ɋɟɤɚ Ⱥɦɭɪ
Ɋɟɤɚ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɦɢɪɚ – ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɭɫɬɶɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 10800 ɦ³/ɫ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɤ ɒɢɥɤɢ ɢ Ⱥɪɝɭɧɢ,
Ɋɨɝɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ 2011 ɝ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɚɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ɧɚ
ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɦɚɧ ɢ ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ ɜ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 90 ɦ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɤ
ɪɟɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ 2824 ɤɦ, ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɤɚ Ⱥɪɝɭɧɢ – 4440 ɤɦ. ɉɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ (ɞɨ 1 ɦ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɧɚ 5-7 ɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ). Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɪɟɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫ 1855 ɤɦ², ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɦɨɥɨɞɵɦ ɥɟɫɨɦ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ
1003 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɸ, 820 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² – ɧɚ ɄɇɊ ɢ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɤɢ
32 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² – ɧɚ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɸ.
ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɩɨɜ ɢ
Ⱦɨɥɢɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ 15 ɦ.
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɨɣ. ɉɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2 ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ. ɋɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɜ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 2 ɦ.
-
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ Ⱥɦɭɪ – ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɨ ɝ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɜɟɳɟɧɫɤɚ (ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪ. Ɂɟɢ);
-
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ Ⱥɦɭɪ – ɨɬ ɝ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɜɟɳɟɧɫɤɚ ɞɨ ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɚ (ɭɫɬɶɟ
ɪ. ɍɫɫɭɪɢ);
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ Ⱥɦɭɪ – ɨɬ ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɚ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ (Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ).
2 ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɩɨ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɥɟɬɨɦ 2013 ɝ. ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɢ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ 288 ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ 60% ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ.
ɉɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ, ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɪɟɤɢ,
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɤɨɩɚɦɢ
ȿ.Ɉ.
Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ ɞɢɫɥɨɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɨ.
ȼɚɬɚɤɢɧɚ, ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ, ɜ 58,5 ɤɦ
ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ.
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 6-7 ɢ 10-12 ɦ, ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ - 198-200 ɢ 204-206 ɦ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ 2012
ɝ. ɨɫɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 42181 ɦ2. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɛɟɡɥɟɫɧɨɟ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɪɚɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɛɟɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ. Ɋɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1% ɜɨɥɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɦɵɜɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɨɟɦ 4,5 ɦ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 1
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟ.
ɦɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ
ɞɥɢɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ:
-
ɫɥɨɹ,
258
ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 1 ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 45 ɤɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɝ. ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤ. Ɉɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɟɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ - 210-218 ɦ (Ȼɋȼ). Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 11-20 ɦ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɟɹ 1 ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɨɬ 3,5 ɞɨ 10 ɦ.
223
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɞɥɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ.
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
Ⱦɢɫɥɨɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪ.
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ.
Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ (ɥɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ), ɜ 40,3 ɤɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ
ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ. ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ-2 ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ
Ⱥ.Ʌ.Ȼɭɛɟɪ, Ɇ.Ⱥ.ȼɚɫɥɹɟɜ
ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɟ ɪ. Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɎȽȻɇɍ
ɍɫɬɶ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2 ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
«ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ
ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ
ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ɂ ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɐɂɂ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ.
Ɉɤɨɥɨɥɨ 60% ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ. ɋɥɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɡɚ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 2 ɦ.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ
Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɜ
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɦ ɤɪɚɟɦ, ɧɚ Ʉɚɬɨ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɢɧɫɤɨɦ (ɪ. Ʉɚɬɚ – ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ,
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ
ɪ.
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɫ
Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
–
ɥɟɜɵɣ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ)
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɞɨɥɢɧɵ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ.
ȼ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ. Ɇɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ 88 ɤɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ
ɪɭɫɥɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ MIKE 11
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 189-190 ɦ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 4-5 ɦ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ. ɇɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ. ȼ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ȽȾɆ ɞɥɹ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɭɩ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2-3 ɦ.
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜɨɥɧɵ. Ʉɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ 100 ɥɟɬɧɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɦɵɜɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 1ɦ.
Summary
Article is devoted to the analysis and an assessment of changes of the river bed of
Amur River as a result of passing of an extreme flood of 2013, to development and
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ ɂ ɉɊȿȾɅɈɀȿɇɂə
deployment of imitating hydrodynamic computer model of the Amur River for the
1. ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ: Ɇɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ
purpose of preparation recommendations about a complex protective and the actions
2, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
for formation of the bed river in the coastal territory of the Russian Federation. The
ɍɫɬɶ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2.
special attention is paid to development in the environment of the MIKE 11 program
2. ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ: ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ
and to introduction of hydrodynamic model (HDM) of the Central and Lower Amur
Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
during passing of high flood waves, and also to use of HDM for the forecast
development of dangerous flood situations.
224
257
ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɟɹ 1,
11. Cluzard M. Intertidal concentrations of microplastics and their influence on
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ.
ammonium cycling as related to the shellfish industry / Cluzard M., Kazmiruk T.N.,
3. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 10 ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɫɹ:
Kazmiruk V.D., Bendell L.I. // Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology. - 2015. - ʋ 68. - DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0156-5.
ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ,
12. Claessens M. New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments
ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ
and ¿eld collected organisms / Claessens M., Van Cauwenberghe L., Vandegehuchte
Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ - ɨɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ - ɜ
M.B., Janssen C.R. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2013. - ʋ 70. - P. 227-233.
ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 10 ɥɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɭ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ 65% ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
13. Imhof H.K. A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and
4. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments / Imhof H.K.,
ɦɟɫɬ: ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Schmid J., Niessner R., Ivleva N.P., Laforsch C // Limnology and Oceanography:
ɍɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɟɹ 1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2.
Methods. - 2012. - ʋ 10. - P. 524-537.
5. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
14. Nuelle M.-T. A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
marine sediments / Nuelle M.-T., Dekiff J.H., Remy D., Fries E. // Environmental
ɜɢɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
Pollution. - 2014. - ʋ 184. - P. 161-169.
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
15. Zhu X. Optimization of elutriation device for filtration of microplastic particles
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
from sediment // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2015. - ʋ 92. - P. 69-72.
ɢ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞ
ɢ
ɪɭɫɥɚ,
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ
16. Harrison J.P. The applicability of reÀectance micro-Fourier-transform infrared
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
spectroscopy for the detection of synthetic microplastics in marine sediments /
6. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
Harrison J.P., Ojeda J.J., Romero-González M.E. // Science of the Total
Environment. - 2012. - ʋ 416. - P. 455-463.
ɨɛɡɨɪɧɵɣ (ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ); ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
17. Martins J. Plastic marine debris on the Portuguese coastline: A matter of size? /
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Martins J., Sobral P. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2011. - ʋ 62. - P. 2649-2653.
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ; ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ
18. Nor N.H.M. Microplastics in Singapore’s coastal mangrove ecosystems / Nor
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɣ (ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɨɣ
N.H.M., Obbard J.P. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2014. - ʋ 79. - P. 278-283.
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ, GPS
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ (ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ).
7. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɧɚ
ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɯ, ɜ ɡɚɥɢɜɚɯ ɢ ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
256
225
Ɇɟɫɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɛɪɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ).
8. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ:
3. Ȼɪɟɯɨɜɫɤɢɯ, ȼ.Ɏ. Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ:
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ / ȼ.Ɏ. Ȼɪɟɯɨɜɫɤɢɯ, Ɍ.ɇ. Ʉɚɡɦɢɪɭɤ, ȼ.Ⱦ. Ʉɚɡɦɢɪɭɤ. -
ɚɜɢɚɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2006. - 176 ɫ.
ɷɯɨɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ; ɧɚɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ (ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ); ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.
Cole M., Lindeque P., Halsband C., Galloway T.S. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2011. - ʋ 62. - P. 2588-2597.
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
5. Ivar do Sul J.A. The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine
1. ȼɋɇ 163-83. ɍɱɟɬ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ
4. Cole M. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review /
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ
environment / Ivar do Sul J.A., Costa M.F // Environmental Pollution. - 2014. - ʋ
185. - P. 352-364.
(ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ).
6. Syberg K. Microplastics: Addressing ecological risk through lessons learned /
2. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «ɋɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ) ɢ
Syberg K., Khan F.R., Selck H., Palmqvist A., Banta G.T., Daley J., Sano L.,
ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ȻɨȽɗɋ ɜ 2012 ɝ.»
Duhaimek M.B. // Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - 2015. - ʋ 34 (5). - P.
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ʋ 50/50-12 ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
945-953.
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɢ
ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨ-ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
7. Wright S.L. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ⱥɥɶɮɚɪɟɤɨɧ» (ɈɈɈ «ɊɋɄ
review / Wright S.L., Thompson R.C., Galloway T.S. // Environmental Pollution. -
Ⱥɥɶɮɚɪɟɤɨɧ») ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ
2013. - ʋ 178. - P. 483-492.
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ (ɂȺɗɌ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ) ȼ 2 ɬɨɦɚɯ.
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, 2012ɝ.
8. Eerkes-Medrano D. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review of the
emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research
needs // Eerkes-Medrano D., Thompson R.C., Aldridge D.C. // Water Research. 2015. - ʋ 75. - P. 63-82.
9. Baztan J. Protected areas in the Atlantic facing the hazards of micro-plastic
pollution: First diagnosis of three islands in the Canary Current // Baztan J., Carrasco
A., Chouinard O., Cleaud M., Gabaldon J.E., Huck T., Jaffrès L., Jorgensen B.,
Miguelez A., Paillard C.,Vanderlinden J.-P. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2014. - ʋ
80. - P. 302-311.
10. Hidalgo-Ruz V. Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of used the
methods for identification and quantification / Hidalgo-Ruz V., Gutow L., Thompson
R.C., Thiel M. // Environmental Science & Technology. - 2012. - ʋ 46. - P. 30603075.
226
255
ɤɥɚɫɫ 5; >5ɦɦ - ”6ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 6; >6ɦɦ - ”7ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 7; >7ɦɦ - ”8ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 8;
ɍȾɄ 504.4.062.2
>8ɦɦ - ”9ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 9; >9ɦɦ - ”10ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 10; >10ɦɦ– ɤɥɚɫɫ 11 [17]. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ
ɉɊɈȽɇɈɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ȾɇȺ ɂ ȻȿɊȿȽɈȼ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ
ɉɊɂ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȿ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ 10 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ: ɤɥɚɫɫ 1 – ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ <0,02ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 2 – 0,02-0,04ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 3
ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ɞ.ɬ.ɧ, ɩɪɨɮ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ ȼ.ɇ. ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
– 0,04-0,06ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 4 – 0,06-0,08ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 5 – 0,08-0,1ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 6 – 0,1-0,5ɦɦ;
ɤɥɚɫɫ 7 – 0,5-1,0ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 8 – 1,0-2,0ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 9 – 2,0-5,0ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 10 - >5,0ɦɦ
[18]. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ. Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɬɟɣ, ɜɟɪɟɜɨɤ, ɤɚɧɚɬɨɜ
ɋɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ
ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢɡ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ. ɏɨɬɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɨɞɢɧ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5ɦɦ – ɨɧɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɦ.
ɗɬɨ
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɧɢɦ. ȼ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɢ.
450 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ [ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 19 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2012
ɜɥɢɹɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɢ
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɝ. ʋ 350]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɨɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɢɡ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɩɨɥɡɧɟɜɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ;
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ. Ɉɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ.
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɵɛɨɪ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ.
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɡɨɧ
ɢ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɩɨɣɦɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦɢ
ɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɣɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
1. Jambeck J.R. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean / Jambeck J.R.,
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɤ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
Geyer R., Wilcox C., Siegler T.R., Perryman M., Andrady A., Narayan R., Law K.L.
x ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɯɜɚɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
// Science. - 2015. - ʋ 347 (6223). - P. 768-771.
x
2. Gross M. Oceans of plastic waste // Current Biology. - 2015. - ʋ 25 (3). - P.
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ.
R93-R96.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
ɦɨɝɭɬ
254
227
1. Ɋɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ (ɰɟɥɶ - ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ).
2. Ɋɟɠɢɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ (ɰɟɥɶ - ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ,
ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ [16]. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɬɢɩ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ,
ɫɚɦɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɰɜɟɬɭ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ).
3. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɰɟɥɶ – ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ).
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ. ɐɜɟɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɢɫɬɨ-
4. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɗɬɨ ɜɢɞ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɛɟɥɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɬɨ-
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɧ
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɦɢ. ɐɜɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɮɨɬɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɛɟɥɵɟ, ɜɵɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ
(ɫɨɫɬɚɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ, ɩɨɬɭɫɤɧɟɜɲɢɟ), ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦ.
ɛɟɥɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɡɚ
ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ. ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ, ɚ ɛɟɥɵɟ
[Ȼɚɪɟɧɛɨɣɦ, ȼɟɧɢɰɢɚɧɨɜ, Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ, 2009], ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ. ɉɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ
ɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ.
ɰɜɟɬ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɥ ɜɢɧɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ, ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ
ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ
ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɢɯɥɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɛɢɮɟɧɢɥɨɜ,
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɠɟɥɬɟɧɢɹ) ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ
(ɩɨ Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɭ Ⱥ.ɂ. ɢ ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜɭ ȼ.ȼ.) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ [ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ, Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ, 2015]:
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ. ɐɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɷɬɢ
ɱɟɦ
ɧɟ
ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ,
ɩɨɬɨɦɭ,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
x ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ;
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧ.
x ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ
ɑɟɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɬɭɫɤɧɟɜɲɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ. ɇɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ
x ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ.
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ 10-11 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɤɭɞɚ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
ɜɯɨɞɹɬ, ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ
1. ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ 11 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ”1ɦɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɥɚɫɫ 1; >1ɦɦ ”2ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 2; >2ɦɦ - ”3ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 3; >3ɦɦ - ”4ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 4; >4ɦɦ - ”5ɦɦ –
228
253
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ.
2. ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
3
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ NaCl ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,18-2,50ɝ/ɫɦ . ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɚ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɟɩɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
3. ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ [12-15].
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬ 0,8 ɞɨ 1,4ɝ/ɫɦ , ɜ ɬ.ɱ.
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2,65ɝ/ɫɦ . ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ.
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ <0,05 ɞɨ 1,00ɝ/ɫɦ3.
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ
3
ɞɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢ
4. ɝɢɛɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
3
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ 0,85-0,94ɝ/ɫɦ , ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ 0,92-0,97ɝ/ɫɦ , ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ;
3
3
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ:
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɚɞɚ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɛ ɜ ɡɚɪɨɫɥɹɯ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɚɧɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɪɨɫɥɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɪɟɤ, ɝɞɟ ɟɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɧɚ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɢɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɚɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ
ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɷɬɚɩɵ:
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɨɛɵ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ
1) ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ);
35%
2) ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ
ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ (H2O2).
Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɬ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
–
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɩɪɨɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɫɢɬ ɫ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
ɜ
ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ
ɜ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 0,038 ɞɨ 4,75ɦɦ, ɚ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ:
ɲɟɫɬɢ ɫɢɬ.
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ
ɩɪɨɛ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ, ɮɨɪɦɟ,
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ, ɰɜɟɬɭ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ: ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɜ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ
6,5-1000×ɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Wild M3Z,
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɟ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ Ȼɪɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢ
Leica Microsystems, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ) ɢɥɢ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ
ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. Ɇɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩ ɫ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɪɢɫ.1). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧ
ɮɨɬɨɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɮɨɬɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɮɢɪɦɵ Canon, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɤ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
252
229
ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɦɟɬɪɵ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣ
ɩɥɹɠɧɨɣ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ
ɦɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɋɒȺ. Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɚɥɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɦ, ɫ ɪɭɱɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ
ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 20 ɞɸɣɦɨɜ, ɟɟ
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ȼɪɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ [http://rudocs.exdat.com/docs/index-212957.html?page=3].
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ 2 ɞɸɣɦɚ. Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɦ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɢ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɬɶ
ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3-ɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 1-5ɫɦ [11].
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ (ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.1).
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ (ɜ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ) ɞɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɜɚɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɯ
ɡɚɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɬɚ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 5ɦɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3).
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɟɩɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ
Ɋɚɡɦɵɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ,
ɤɭɛ.ɦ/ɩɨɝ.ɦ
1200
y=
1000
-1,01x2
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
+ 67x
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
800
ɫ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɣ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ,
ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ȿɫɥɢ
600
ɜ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
400
y = -0,34x2 + 34x
200
ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɧɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ,
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɷɬɨ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ
ɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɛɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
0
0
4
8
12
16
Ƚɨɞɵ
20
24
Ɋɢɫ. 3 ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ
ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ɜɨɞɵ
230
ɫɭɲɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɲɤɚɮɭ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ 24ɱ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60ƕɋ). Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɨɛɚ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (NaCl), ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ,
251
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɩɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. 2) Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ. 3) Ɍɪɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ: ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɟɤɬɚɦ. 4) Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɥɧ ɢ ɞɪ. [Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ… ; ɉɲɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ …;
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ɢɦɢ
ɇɚɲɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ [Ȼɢɤ ɂ. ɜɚɧ, Ʌɚɭɤɫ ɉ., 2009]. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ,
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ. Ⱦɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ |Ɋij|,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɜɨɪɱɚɬɵɟ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɢ-
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɫ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ …].
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ Ɋij, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɨɪɵ: ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɪɢɰɚ (Crassostrea gigas), ɬɨɧɤɨɫɟɬɱɚɬɚɹ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ i ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ j (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɨɬɚɤɚ (Protothaca staminea) ɢ ɞɪ..
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɜɧɚɹ CW ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ W, ɤ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ W+1 ɫɬɚɧɟɬ
ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɛɨɪ [9, 10]. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɪɚɜɧɨɣ CW+1. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ,
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɬɛɨɪɭ ɩɪɨɛ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ,
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɜɚɥɨɜɵɣ. ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɟɫɹɰɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɭ ɝɨɞɚ). ɇɚ
ɫɛɨɪɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ. ɑɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ (ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ W=0 ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ
ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɢɧɰɟɬɚ. ȼ ɩɥɹɠɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɱɚɳɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,5×0,5ɦ, 1,0×1,0ɦ, 1,5×1,5ɦ, 2,0×2,0ɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɨɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ
|ɋ01=50ɤɝ/ɫ, ɋ02=400ɤɝ/ɫ|). ɇɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ W+1 ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ |ɋ|W
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ:
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1ɫɦ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
|ɋi,j|W+1 =|ɋ|W u|Ɋij|W+1
ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɫɥɨɣ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2-4, ɪɟɠɟ 5ɫɦ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɣ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɲɩɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɨɜɨɱɤɨɦ
ɢɡ
ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 1, 4, 7 ɢ 10 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ,
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ:
ɩɪɨɛɵ. ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɣ. ȼɟɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɵ, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 0,5×0,5ɦ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɥɨɹ 5ɫɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 30 ɤɝ.
Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ. Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
ͲǡͷͲ
ͲǡͺͶ Ͳǡͳ͸
_Ɋi,j_1=ቚ
ቚ _Ɋi,j_4=ฬ
Ͳǡ͵ͷ
Ͳ
ͳ
ͲǡͷͲ
ฬ
Ͳǡ͸ͷ
Ͳǡ͹ͻ Ͳǡʹͳ
Ͳǡͺʹ
_Ɋi,j_7=ቚ
ቚ _Ɋi,j_10=ቚ
Ͳǡͳͳ Ͳǡͺͻ
Ͳǡʹͻ
Ͳǡͳͺ
ቚ
Ͳǡ͹ͳ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ.
ɩɪɨɛ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɦ
ɉɟɬɟɪɫɨɧɚ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 625ɫɦ2.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ
250
ɧɚ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ
231
ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ (ɪɟɤɢ
ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɢɹ, Ɋɟɣɧ, Ɇɚɣɧ, ȼɟɥɢɤɢɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ,
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ). Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɢ [8]. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɦɵ
ɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɟɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
ɩɪɨɛ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 4 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɪ. ɇɚɪɵɧ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ _ɋi,j_0=_ͳ ͷͲ_, ɤɝ/ɫ.
ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ
Ⱦɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ,
ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ȼɋɇ 163-83, ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 6 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɬɚ [ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ,
Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ, 2015] ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 10 ɢ 100 ɥɟɬ. Ɂɨɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 140ɦ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 10
ɥɟɬ) ɢ 540ɦ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 100ɥɟɬ). Ȼɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɦɟɥɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɨɞɵ, ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɢ ɩɥɹɠɧɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ, ɢɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɬɪɚɦ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɞɨɥɶɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜɚɥɭɧɵ, ɛɪɟɜɧɚ, ɨɩɨɪɵ). ɇɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɤɨ
ɜɫɟɦɭ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɨ-ɨɬɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ
ɧɚɲɢɦ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ,
ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɱɢɯ
ɪɚɜɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ,
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɜ ¼ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ
ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɦɢ. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ
ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɢɥɢɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 20…280ɦ.
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ (ɨɤɟɚɧɚ), ɚ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ, ɬɢɩɚ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
ɧɚ
ɞɚɧɧɭɸ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ. 1)
Ɋɢɫ. 6 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɬɚ 2 ɡɚ 10 ɢ 100 ɥɟɬ.
232
Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɫɟɯ
249
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɢ ɜ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɦ
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ.
ɦɨɪɟ [3]. ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɚɯ Ⱦɭɧɚɣ, ɋɟɧɚ ɢ ɅɨɫȺɧɞɠɟɥɟɫ.
Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ <5ɦɦ (ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
<1ɦɦ), ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ)
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. ɋɚɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ» ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɤ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ 2004 ɝ., ɯɨɬɹ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɟɳɟ ɜ 1972 ɝ..
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ. 1) Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɥɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 7 ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɥɟɧɤɭ, ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɞɵ. 2) Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɡɭɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɬɚ 2 ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ.
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. 3) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɞɤɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɮɬɚɥɚɬɨɜ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. 4) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɢ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ.
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ. 5) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ȼɫɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɫ ɥɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ. 6) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɯɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ,
ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ
ɫɪɟɞɭ,
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɦɨɪɫɤɭɸ,
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ
ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨɞ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɪɨɡɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ:
ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɬɵ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
1. ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ;
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ
2. ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ;
ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɬ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ
3. ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɧɚ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɟ
ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɹɢɰ
ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨ
ɢ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ
ɫɟɣɱɚɫ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ, ɯɨɬɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɭɠɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ.
ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ [4-7].
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
248
233
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
ɍȾɄ 551.481
ɆɂɄɊɈɉɅȺɋɌɂɄ ȼ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌȺɏ: ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ɂ
1. Ȼɚɪɟɧɛɨɣɦ Ƚ.Ɇ., ȼɟɧɢɰɢɚɧɨɜ ȿ.ȼ, Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ ȼ.ɂ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽ
ɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ȼ.Ⱦ. Ʉɚɡɦɢɪɭɤ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ȼɨɞɚ: ɯɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2009, ʋ10, 11.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2. ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., ȼ.ɇ.Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ/ ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ./.- Ɇ.: ɊȽȺɍ-ɆɋɏȺ, 2015. ɋ.150.
3. ȼɋɇ 163-83. ɍɱɟɬ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ
(ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ).
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ, ɬɢɩɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ, ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ,
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ.
4. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. http://rudocs.exdat.com/docs/index39178.html?page=20
5. ɉɲɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ.
A possible threat of microplastics to water ecosystems and methods for the
detection of microplastics in sediments are considered. The sampling techniques and
Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ
analytical methods for identification and quantification of microplastics are reviewed.
ɫɨɥɟɧɵɯ ɨɡɟɪɚɯ Ȼɚɪɝɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ (ɨɩɵɬɵ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
Several main goals for the detection of microplastics were indicated: abundance,
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ) http://conf.nsc.ru/youngconf-2011/ru/reportview/49389
type, size, shape, color, degradation stage, chemical composition, and possible
6. Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ ȿ. ȿ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
sources.
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ
http://www.gramota.net/materials/1/2013/1/15.html
7. Ȼɢɤ ɂ. ɜɚɧ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ.
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɬ 4,8 ɞɨ 12,7 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɧ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ, ɨɤɨɥɨ 90% ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ /ɂ. ɜɚɧ Ȼɢɤ, ɉ.
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ
Ʌɚɭɤɫ; ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɚɧɝɥ. ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɇ.ȼ. ɋɟɥɟɜɟɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ. –Ɇ.: ɘɫɬɢɰɢɧɮɨɪɦ,
ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɨɦ
2009.-ɋ.660
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬ Ʉɢɬɚɣ, ɂɧɞɨɧɟɡɢɹ, Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɢɧɵ ɢ ȼɶɟɬɧɚɦ. ȼ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɷɬɢɯ
8. Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ, ȼ.ɇ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ,
ɢ
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɨɦ,
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɪɟɮɬɚɥɚɬɨɦ
[1].
ɩɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ,
Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ.
ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɯ
ɦɭɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɹɬɧɚ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ
Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɢ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ [2]. ɇɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɭɫɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɚɯ.
234
247
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɍȾɄ 504.45
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɨɡɟɪɚ (ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜɟɬɪɚɯ).
ɇ.ȼ. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
Ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɨɪɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ȿ.ɇ. Ƚɟɬɶɦɚɧ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Mueller G. Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins - Veraenderungen seit 1971 Umschau 79, 1979, H.24, S. 778 - 783.
2. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ʌ.ɇ. Ƚɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɝɝ.
Ɉɪɥɚ - Ɋɹɡɚɧɢ. – Ɇ.: ɂɆȽɊɗ, 1993.
3. əɧɢɧ ȿ.ɉ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ
(ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ). – Ɇ.: ɂɆȽɊɗ, 2002. – 52 ɫ.
4. Ȼɪɟɯɨɜɫɤɢɯ ȼ.Ɏ., Ʉɚɬɭɧɢɧ Ⱦ.ɇ., Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ȿ.Ⱥ., ɉɟɪɟɤɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ȼ.Ɇ., ɉɨɩɨɜɚ Ɉ.ȼ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɇɢɠɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɟ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 1999, ɬɨɦ 26, ʋ 4, ɫ. 451 - 461.
5. əɲɢɧ ȼ.Ɇ., ɉɵɥɟɧɨɤ ɉ.ɂ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚɯ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ, 2001, ʋ 5 - 6.
6. ȼɨɪɨɧɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɩɨɱɜ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆȽɍ, 1986. - 244ɫ.
7. Ƚɟɨɯɢɦɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ / ɘ.ȿ. ɋɚɟɬ ɞɪ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1990. – 335 ɫ.
8. ɋɚɟɬ ɘ.ȿ., əɧɢɧ ȿ.ɉ. Ɉ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 1991, ʋ 2, ɫ. 135 - 140.
9. Die Elbe und ihre Nebenfluesse - Belastung, Trends, Bewertung, Perspektiven // Dr. A.
Prange etc., 2000, p.18 - 23.
10. Mueller G., Furrer R. Pollution of the River Elbe - Past, Present and Future Water
Quality International, 1998, Vol. 1, p. 15 - 18.
11. Turekian K.K., Wedepohl K.H. Distribution of the Elements in Some Major Units of the
Earth's Crust // Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 1961, Vol. 72, p. 175 - 192.
12. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ ɇ.ȼ., Ɋɚɣɧɢɧ ȼ.ȿ., ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ., Ɂɢɦɢɧɚ-ɒɚɥɞɵɛɢɧɚ Ʌ.Ȼ., Ɇɸɥɥɟɪ Ƚ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ // Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2001, ʋ 3, ɫ. 11 - 15.
13. Ɍɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ / ȼ.ɇ. ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɶɰɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.ȿ.
Ɋɚɣɧɢɧɚ ɢ Ƚ.ɇ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ, 2002. – 140 ɫ.
14. Ʉɨɫɨɜ ȼ.ɂ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ., Ʉɨɫɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɫɚɯ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ // Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ (Ɍɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ 29 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ – 03 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ
2002 ɝ., Ȼɨɪɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ). – əɪɨɫɥɚɜɥɶ: ɂȻȼȼ ɊȺɇ, 2002. – ɫ. 145 - 146.
15. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ ɇ.ȼ., Ʉɨɪɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ȼ.ɂ., ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ., Ⱥɜɟɪɤɢɧɚ Ɍ.ɂ., ɋɚɦɚɪɢɧ ȿ.ɇ.,
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ., Ɇɸɥɥɟɪ Ƚ., əɯɶɹ Ⱥ. Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ // Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2004, ʋ 5, ɫ. 43 - 46.
16. Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜ ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɡɟɪ. – Ʌ.: Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ, 1983. – 166 ɫ.
17. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ ɇ.ȼ., ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ., Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ Ɉ.ȿ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ. Ɍɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɜ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ // Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2006, ʋ 5, ɫ. 21
- 25.
ɎȽȻɇɍ «ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ
ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ɂ ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɐɂɂ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɄɈɋɌəɄɈȼȺ», ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɨɧɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɭ, ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɢɥɢ
ɨɡɟɪɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ
ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 80-ɯ – 90-ɯ ɝɝ. ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ (1992 – 2012 ɝɝ.) ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɧɚ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
«ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ» - 0,020 ɦɦ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɉɤɢ, ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ Ɉɤɢ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞ).
The aquatic sediments most adequately reflect the current state of water bodies
and carry information about their pollution due to engineering and economic
activities in the area. Due to their high sorption properties, they are considered as an
integral indicator of anthropogenic impact on the river, reservoir or lake. Recent
246
235
methodological developments studying sediments were at the beginning of the 80s -
ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ [14] ɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɫɟ
90s. The twentieth century and today is no longer meet modern requirements to the
ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɜɟɬɪɵ.
study of sand and clay dispersed systems. This often involved in research is very
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɌɆ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ
heterogeneous sediments, which often leads to the production of non-comparable
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɬɪɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɰɢɧɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɞɦɢɹ
results. Based on many years of experience (1992 - 2012) the technique of studying
ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ
the aquatic sediments based on a study of pollution "absorbing fraction" - 0.020 mm.
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɌɆ:
The results of the study of sediment basin rivers the Oka and the Moskva, detailed
ɦɚɥɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɮɥɨɬ, ɬɭɪɛɚɡɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɞɪ., ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ
site investigation confluence of the Oka and the Moskva, the example of the lake
ɤ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɂɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɢɬ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ȾɈ
Seliger, illustrates the possibility of using this technique to predict the changes in the
ɯɪɨɦɨɦ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɜ ȾɈ ɢɞɟɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ecological status in view of dynamic processes (water circulation).
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ – ɩɪɨɦɡɨɧɵ Ɉɫɬɚɲɤɨɜɚ (Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɟɫ, ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ).
ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɜ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɫɢɬ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ [17]. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
ɯɪɨɦɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɫɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɬ
ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɟ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ȾɈ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ «ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɢɞɟɬ
ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ» ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɝɟɨ-ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ (ȾɈ).
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɧɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɢɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ: ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ (ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ) ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ (ɦɟɫɹɰɵ-ɝɨɞɵ);
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦɚɫɥɹɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɚɯ (ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ,
ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨ
ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ, ɮɟɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪ.). ȾɈ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȾɈ; ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ.
ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɢ
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ); ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ
ɤɚɪɬ-ɫɯɟɦ;
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜ ȾɈ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
236
ɢ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɧɟ «ɭɬɨɧɭɬɶ» ɜ ɨɛɢɥɢɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ
245
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɬ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ. ɉɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ȾɈ
ȼɨɥɝɢ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ 2000 ɢ 2004
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ,
ɝɨɞɚɯ. Ɉɡɟɪɨ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ȼɚɥɞɚɣɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ, ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɟɫɵ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 3 – 5
ɢ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɥɟɬ. ɇɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ,
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 1 – 2 ɥɟɬ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ȾɈ [14]. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɨɡɟɪɧɵɯ ȾɈ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɲɢɪɢɧɵ.
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ
ɩɥɟɫ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɜɨɢɦɢ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ
ɩɨ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ
ɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɥɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ [15]. ȾɈ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ, ɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɗɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ (ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɹɹ ɦɟɠɟɧɶ).
Ɉɩɵɬ
ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
2000
ɝɨɞɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ,
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ
ɱɬɨ
ȾɈ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɇɚ
ɩɟɪɜɵɯ
ɷɬɚɩɚɯ
(ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ)
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ Ɉɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜɟɥɚɫɶ ɛɟɡ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɠɟ
ɭɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɬɜɨɪɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ «ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɸ»,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: 1) ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɦɡɨɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ.
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ; 2) ɨɞɢɧ
ȾɈ
ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɧɚɦɢ
ɛɵɥ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɬɨɬ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ, ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ
ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ. ɋɬɜɨɪɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ 1 – 2 ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ
ɥɟɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɨɡɟɪɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɨɞ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ
ɟɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ – ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɚ, ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ – ɞɜɟ, ɩɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ [16]. ȼɟɫɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ [16], ɚ
ɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɵ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ, ɦɟɫɬɚɦ
ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɟɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɩɨɞ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ,
244
237
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ – Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ < 0,020 ɦɦ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ (ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɤ Ɉɤɢ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ)
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ, ɢɯ
ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɟ.
Pb, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ 3 - 5 ɫɦ ȾɈ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 3 - 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ >1@. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɩɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ȾɈ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ɉɛɳɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɯ
ɪ.
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
Cd, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɪ.
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
Hg, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɪ.
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
Zn, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɪ.
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
Cu, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɪ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
ɚ
ɚ
ɚ
ɚ
ɚ
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
81,19
27,34
3,40
1,22
0,53
0,22
460,8
157,6
108,0
41,9
71,51
25,60
2,82
1,00
0,71
0,15
430,8
158,5
98,1
37,8
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ (ɜɧɢɡ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ)
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
Ȼɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɜɢɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ: ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
90,47
38,10
3,12
1,52
0,77
0,18
507,8
216,7
116,40
55,91
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
53,81
40,99
2,40
1,59
0,39
0,30
345,3
255,3
84,67
66,07
46,10
41,78
2,25
1,67
0,29
0,26
282,2
262,5
76,89
65,24
ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɝɪɟɣɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ȼɡɹɬɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɭ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨɪɥɭɸ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ, ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɦ. ɍɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɛ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɩɪɨɛɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɹɬɧɢɫɬɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
>2, 3@. ȼ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɨɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ, ɥɢɛɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: «ɉɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ȼɨɥɝɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɌɆ ɜ ȾɈ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɝɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢɫɬɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɌɆ ɜ ȾɈ
ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬ
ȼ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɭ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ɉɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ȾɈ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɌɆ. ȾɈ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɵ
ɧɢɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɚɦɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ – ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɨɜ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ȾɈ. Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ʌɟɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧ, ɬ.ɤ. ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ Ɉɤɢ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɠɚɬɵ ɟɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɌɆ ɜ ȾɈ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
4 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ (ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ) ɭ
ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ (ɚɜɬɨɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ Ɇ5), ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ. Ⱥ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 12 ɤɦ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɌɆ.
ɬɢɩɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ: ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɌɆ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɤ
ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɚɦ.» >4, ɫɬɪ. 461@.
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɡɟɪɚ. Ɉɡɟɪɚ – ɷɬɨ
ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
238
243
ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɨɬ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɌɆ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɉɚɯɪɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɯ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ȾɈ, ɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ȾɈ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ.
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɭ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ 1993, 1997 ɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
2007 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɝɭɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɸ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɬ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ), ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ȾɈ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɨɫɬ
ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ ɪ. Ɉɤɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ «ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ» ɥɢɲɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ȾɈ
ɦɟɫɬ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ. ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɢ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨ ɢɯ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɢɡ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ «ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ» ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɚɪɜɚɬɟɪɵ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ
ɦɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɵ
ɩɪɚɜɵɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɪɟɤ, ɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɭ ɥɟɜɵɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪ. Ɉɤɟ ɞɨ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ
ɫ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɣ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨ- ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ «ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɤɢ: ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ» ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ȻɉɄ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨ 1,2 ɤɦ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɣɦɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 70 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ [5].
ɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
Ɉɤɢ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜɡɦɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
«ɨɛɳɟɦɭ
ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɸ».
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ⱥɬɬɟɪɛɟɪɝɚ >6@ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
[13]. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ 2 ɩɪɨɛɵ ȾɈ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ.
ɤ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɇɢɠɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ 0,020 ɦɦ. Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 92 ɦ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 985 ɦ. Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɨ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɥɢɧɵ. ɉɨɡɠɟ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɜɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ 0,010 ɦɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ
2700 ɦ [13]. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ 6 ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ 0,020 ɦɦ ɢ 0,010 ɦɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ȾɈ ɭ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ. Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ
ɉɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ,
ɩɨɱɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɭɸɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ «ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ». ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɚɞɦɢɣ, ɪɬɭɬɶ, ɰɢɧɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɜ
ɜ ɎɊȽ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɋ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ
ɩɨ DIN ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɥɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɬɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɹɱɟɢ 0,020 ɦɦ.
ɌɆ. ɂɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ) ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɪɟɤɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ 2 – 3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɱɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ.
ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɦ.
242
239
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɨɤɪɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟ
ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɫɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ,
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ
ɜ
ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ
ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɸ, ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɫɭɲɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɮɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ + 60º ɋ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ Zɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɝɢɝɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɫɭɯɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ: 1) ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɢ.
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɢ ɦɵɲɶɹɤɚ, 2) ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋ 1992 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɢ 3) ɞɥɹ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɡɹɬɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
ɫɟɦɢɡɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ȾɈ ɩɨ «ɢɧɞɟɤɫɭ ɝɟɨɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ»
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
Ƚ. Ɇɸɥɥɟɪɚ >1@. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ 30 ɥɟɬ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ȾɈ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨ-ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ >9, 10@. «ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɝɟɨɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ» ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ICP ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ «ɰɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɤɟ». Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ȾɈ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ ɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɯ < 0,020
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ «ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ» ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ; ɞɥɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɦ ɩɨ Ʉ. Ɍɸɪɟɤɢɚɧɭ ɢ Ʉ. ȼɢɞɟɩɨɥɭ >11@.
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɫ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɱɚɬɨ ɜ 1992 ɝɨɞɭ. ȼ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ȾɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 1992 ɝ. ɩɨ ɢɸɥɶ 1994 ɝ. ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ 3
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ.
ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɨ 270 ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ȾɈ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ ɌɆ: Cd,
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ɆȽɍ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ.
Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb ɢ Zn. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ȾɈ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ. Ɋɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ [12], ɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɧɢ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: 1) ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ȾɈ ɨɬ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɇɟ
ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ: ɪɟɤɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɡɨɪɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
Ɉɤɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. Ɉɪɥɚ; ɪɟɤɚ ɍɩɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. Ɍɭɥɵ; ɪɟɤɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ; ɪɟɤɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ
Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. ɓɟɥɤɨɜɨ ɞɨ ɝ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ; 2) ȾɈ ɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ ɤɚɞɦɢɟɦ.
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ.
ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ȾɈ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (Zc
ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɢɥɢ ɋɉɁ) >7, 8@. Ɉɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ɋɟɤɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɦ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɉɤɢ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɫɭɦɦɭ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
240
241
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɨɤɪɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟ
ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɫɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ,
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ
ɜ
ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ
ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɸ, ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɫɭɲɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɮɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ + 60º ɋ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ Zɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɝɢɝɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɫɭɯɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ: 1) ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɢ.
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɢ ɦɵɲɶɹɤɚ, 2) ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋ 1992 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɢ 3) ɞɥɹ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɡɹɬɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
ɫɟɦɢɡɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ȾɈ ɩɨ «ɢɧɞɟɤɫɭ ɝɟɨɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ»
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
Ƚ. Ɇɸɥɥɟɪɚ >1@. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ 30 ɥɟɬ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ȾɈ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨ-ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ >9, 10@. «ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɝɟɨɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ» ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ICP ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ «ɰɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɤɟ». Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ȾɈ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ ɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɯ < 0,020
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ «ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ» ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ; ɞɥɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɦ ɩɨ Ʉ. Ɍɸɪɟɤɢɚɧɭ ɢ Ʉ. ȼɢɞɟɩɨɥɭ >11@.
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɫ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɱɚɬɨ ɜ 1992 ɝɨɞɭ. ȼ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ȾɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 1992 ɝ. ɩɨ ɢɸɥɶ 1994 ɝ. ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ 3
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ.
ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɨ 270 ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ȾɈ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ ɌɆ: Cd,
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ɆȽɍ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ.
Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb ɢ Zn. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ȾɈ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ. Ɋɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ [12], ɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɧɢ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: 1) ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ȾɈ ɨɬ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɇɟ
ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ: ɪɟɤɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɡɨɪɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
Ɉɤɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. Ɉɪɥɚ; ɪɟɤɚ ɍɩɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. Ɍɭɥɵ; ɪɟɤɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ; ɪɟɤɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ
Ʉɥɹɡɶɦɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. ɓɟɥɤɨɜɨ ɞɨ ɝ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ; 2) ȾɈ ɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ ɤɚɞɦɢɟɦ.
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ.
ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ȾɈ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (Zc
ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɢɥɢ ɋɉɁ) >7, 8@. Ɉɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ɋɟɤɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɦ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɉɤɢ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɫɭɦɦɭ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
240
241
ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɨɬ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɌɆ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ ɉɚɯɪɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɯ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ȾɈ, ɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ȾɈ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ.
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɭ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ 1993, 1997 ɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
2007 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɝɭɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɸ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɬ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ), ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ȾɈ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɨɫɬ
ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ ɪ. Ɉɤɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ «ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ» ɥɢɲɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ȾɈ
ɦɟɫɬ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ. ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɢ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨ ɢɯ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɢɡ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ «ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ» ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɚɪɜɚɬɟɪɵ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ
ɦɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɵ
ɩɪɚɜɵɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɪɟɤ, ɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɭ ɥɟɜɵɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪ. Ɉɤɟ ɞɨ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ
ɫ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɣ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨ- ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ «ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɤɢ: ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ» ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ȻɉɄ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨ 1,2 ɤɦ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɣɦɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 70 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ [5].
ɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
Ɉɤɢ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜɡɦɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
«ɨɛɳɟɦɭ
ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɸ».
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ⱥɬɬɟɪɛɟɪɝɚ >6@ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
[13]. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ 2 ɩɪɨɛɵ ȾɈ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ.
ɤ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɇɢɠɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ 0,020 ɦɦ. Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 92 ɦ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 985 ɦ. Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɨ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɥɢɧɵ. ɉɨɡɠɟ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɜɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ 0,010 ɦɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ
2700 ɦ [13]. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ 6 ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ 0,020 ɦɦ ɢ 0,010 ɦɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ȾɈ ɭ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ. Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ
ɉɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ,
ɩɨɱɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɭɸɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ «ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ». ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɚɞɦɢɣ, ɪɬɭɬɶ, ɰɢɧɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɜ
ɜ ɎɊȽ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɋ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ
ɩɨ DIN ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɥɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɬɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɹɱɟɢ 0,020 ɦɦ.
ɌɆ. ɂɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ) ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɪɟɤɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɶɱɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ 2 – 3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɱɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ.
ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɦ.
242
239
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ – Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ < 0,020 ɦɦ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ (ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɤ Ɉɤɢ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ)
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ, ɢɯ
ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɟ.
Pb, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ 3 - 5 ɫɦ ȾɈ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 3 - 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ >1@. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɩɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ȾɈ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ɉɛɳɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɯ
ɪ.
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɦ. ɍɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɩɪɨɛɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɹɬɧɢɫɬɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
>2, 3@. ȼ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɨɛɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ, ɥɢɛɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: «ɉɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ȼɨɥɝɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɌɆ ɜ ȾɈ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɝɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢɫɬɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɌɆ ɜ ȾɈ
ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬ
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
ɪ.
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
ɪ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
ɚ
ɚ
ɚ
ɚ
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
81,19
27,34
3,40
1,22
0,53
0,22
460,8
157,6
108,0
41,9
71,51
25,60
2,82
1,00
0,71
0,15
430,8
158,5
98,1
37,8
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ (ɜɧɢɡ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ)
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
Ȼɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
Ʌɟɜɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
ɉɪɚɜɵ
ɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝ
90,47
38,10
3,12
1,52
0,77
0,18
507,8
216,7
116,40
55,91
53,81
40,99
2,40
1,59
0,39
0,30
345,3
255,3
84,67
66,07
46,10
41,78
2,25
1,67
0,29
0,26
282,2
262,5
76,89
65,24
ȼ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɭ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ɉɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ȾɈ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɌɆ. ȾɈ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɵ
ɧɢɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɚɦɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ – ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɨɜ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ȾɈ. Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. Ʌɟɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧ, ɬ.ɤ. ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ Ɉɤɢ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɠɚɬɵ ɟɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɌɆ ɜ ȾɈ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
4 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ (ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ) ɭ
ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ (ɚɜɬɨɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ Ɇ5), ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɨɞɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ. Ⱥ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 12 ɤɦ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɌɆ.
ɬɢɩɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ: ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɌɆ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɤ
ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɚɦ.» >4, ɫɬɪ. 461@.
ɪ.
Cu, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɛ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪ. Ɉɤɚ
Zn, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɚ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ, ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɜɢɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ: ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɪ.
Hg, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Ɇɨɫɤɜ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɝɪɟɣɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ȼɡɹɬɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɭ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨɪɥɭɸ
Cd, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɡɟɪɚ. Ɉɡɟɪɚ – ɷɬɨ
ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
238
243
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɬ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ. ɉɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ȾɈ
ȼɨɥɝɢ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ 2000 ɢ 2004
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ,
ɝɨɞɚɯ. Ɉɡɟɪɨ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ȼɚɥɞɚɣɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ, ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɟɫɵ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 3 – 5
ɢ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɥɟɬ. ɇɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ,
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 1 – 2 ɥɟɬ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ȾɈ [14]. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɨɡɟɪɧɵɯ ȾɈ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɲɢɪɢɧɵ.
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ
ɩɥɟɫ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɜɨɢɦɢ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ
ɩɨ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ
ɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɥɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ [15]. ȾɈ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ, ɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɗɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɢɸɥɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ (ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɹɹ ɦɟɠɟɧɶ).
Ɉɩɵɬ
ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
2000
ɝɨɞɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ,
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ
ɱɬɨ
ȾɈ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɇɚ
ɩɟɪɜɵɯ
ɷɬɚɩɚɯ
(ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ)
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ Ɉɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɢ ɜɟɥɚɫɶ ɛɟɡ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɠɟ
ɭɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɬɜɨɪɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ «ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛ ȾɈ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɸ»,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: 1) ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɦɡɨɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ.
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ; 2) ɨɞɢɧ
ȾɈ
ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɧɚɦɢ
ɛɵɥ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɬɨɬ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ, ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ
ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ. ɋɬɜɨɪɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ 1 – 2 ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ
ɥɟɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɨɡɟɪɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɨɞ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ
ɟɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ – ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɚ, ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ – ɞɜɟ, ɩɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ [16]. ȼɟɫɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ [16], ɚ
ɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɵ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ, ɦɟɫɬɚɦ
ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɟɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɩɨɞ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ,
244
237
methodological developments studying sediments were at the beginning of the 80s -
ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ [14] ɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɫɟ
90s. The twentieth century and today is no longer meet modern requirements to the
ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɜɟɬɪɵ.
study of sand and clay dispersed systems. This often involved in research is very
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɌɆ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ
heterogeneous sediments, which often leads to the production of non-comparable
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɬɪɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɰɢɧɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɞɦɢɹ
results. Based on many years of experience (1992 - 2012) the technique of studying
ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ
the aquatic sediments based on a study of pollution "absorbing fraction" - 0.020 mm.
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɌɆ:
The results of the study of sediment basin rivers the Oka and the Moskva, detailed
ɦɚɥɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɮɥɨɬ, ɬɭɪɛɚɡɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɞɪ., ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ
site investigation confluence of the Oka and the Moskva, the example of the lake
ɤ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɂɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɢɬ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ȾɈ
Seliger, illustrates the possibility of using this technique to predict the changes in the
ɯɪɨɦɨɦ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɜ ȾɈ ɢɞɟɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ecological status in view of dynamic processes (water circulation).
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ – ɩɪɨɦɡɨɧɵ Ɉɫɬɚɲɤɨɜɚ (Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɟɫ, ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ).
ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɜ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɫɢɬ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ [17]. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
ɯɪɨɦɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɫɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɬ
ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɟ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ȾɈ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,020 ɦɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ «ɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯ ɢɞɟɬ
ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ» ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɝɟɨ-ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȾɈ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ (ȾɈ).
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɧɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɢɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ: ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ (ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ) ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ (ɦɟɫɹɰɵ-ɝɨɞɵ);
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦɚɫɥɹɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɚɯ (ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ,
ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ȾɈ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨ
ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ, ɮɟɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪ.). ȾɈ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȾɈ; ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȾɈ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ.
ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɢ
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ); ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ
ɤɚɪɬ-ɫɯɟɦ;
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜ ȾɈ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
236
ɢ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɧɟ «ɭɬɨɧɭɬɶ» ɜ ɨɛɢɥɢɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ
245
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɍȾɄ 504.45
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɨɡɟɪɚ (ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜɟɬɪɚɯ).
ɇ.ȼ. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
Ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɨɪɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ȿ.ɇ. Ƚɟɬɶɦɚɧ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Mueller G. Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins - Veraenderungen seit 1971 Umschau 79, 1979, H.24, S. 778 - 783.
2. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ʌ.ɇ. Ƚɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɝɝ.
Ɉɪɥɚ - Ɋɹɡɚɧɢ. – Ɇ.: ɂɆȽɊɗ, 1993.
3. əɧɢɧ ȿ.ɉ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ
(ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ). – Ɇ.: ɂɆȽɊɗ, 2002. – 52 ɫ.
4. Ȼɪɟɯɨɜɫɤɢɯ ȼ.Ɏ., Ʉɚɬɭɧɢɧ Ⱦ.ɇ., Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ȿ.Ⱥ., ɉɟɪɟɤɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ȼ.Ɇ., ɉɨɩɨɜɚ Ɉ.ȼ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɇɢɠɧɟɣ ȼɨɥɝɟ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 1999, ɬɨɦ 26, ʋ 4, ɫ. 451 - 461.
5. əɲɢɧ ȼ.Ɇ., ɉɵɥɟɧɨɤ ɉ.ɂ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪ. Ɉɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚɯ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ, 2001, ʋ 5 - 6.
6. ȼɨɪɨɧɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɩɨɱɜ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆȽɍ, 1986. - 244ɫ.
7. Ƚɟɨɯɢɦɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ / ɘ.ȿ. ɋɚɟɬ ɞɪ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1990. – 335 ɫ.
8. ɋɚɟɬ ɘ.ȿ., əɧɢɧ ȿ.ɉ. Ɉ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ // ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 1991, ʋ 2, ɫ. 135 - 140.
9. Die Elbe und ihre Nebenfluesse - Belastung, Trends, Bewertung, Perspektiven // Dr. A.
Prange etc., 2000, p.18 - 23.
10. Mueller G., Furrer R. Pollution of the River Elbe - Past, Present and Future Water
Quality International, 1998, Vol. 1, p. 15 - 18.
11. Turekian K.K., Wedepohl K.H. Distribution of the Elements in Some Major Units of the
Earth's Crust // Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 1961, Vol. 72, p. 175 - 192.
12. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ ɇ.ȼ., Ɋɚɣɧɢɧ ȼ.ȿ., ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ., Ɂɢɦɢɧɚ-ɒɚɥɞɵɛɢɧɚ Ʌ.Ȼ., Ɇɸɥɥɟɪ Ƚ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ // Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2001, ʋ 3, ɫ. 11 - 15.
13. Ɍɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ / ȼ.ɇ. ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɶɰɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.ȿ.
Ɋɚɣɧɢɧɚ ɢ Ƚ.ɇ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ, 2002. – 140 ɫ.
14. Ʉɨɫɨɜ ȼ.ɂ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ., Ʉɨɫɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɫɚɯ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ // Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ (Ɍɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ 29 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ – 03 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ
2002 ɝ., Ȼɨɪɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ). – əɪɨɫɥɚɜɥɶ: ɂȻȼȼ ɊȺɇ, 2002. – ɫ. 145 - 146.
15. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ ɇ.ȼ., Ʉɨɪɠɟɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ȼ.ɂ., ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ., Ⱥɜɟɪɤɢɧɚ Ɍ.ɂ., ɋɚɦɚɪɢɧ ȿ.ɇ.,
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ., Ɇɸɥɥɟɪ Ƚ., əɯɶɹ Ⱥ. Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ // Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2004, ʋ 5, ɫ. 43 - 46.
16. Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜ ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɡɟɪ. – Ʌ.: Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ, 1983. – 166 ɫ.
17. Ʉɨɥɨɦɢɣɰɟɜ ɇ.ȼ., ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ., Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ Ɉ.ȿ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ. Ɍɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɜ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ // Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2006, ʋ 5, ɫ. 21
- 25.
ɎȽȻɇɍ «ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ
ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ɂ ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɐɂɂ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɄɈɋɌəɄɈȼȺ», ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɨɧɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɭ, ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɢɥɢ
ɨɡɟɪɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ
ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 80-ɯ – 90-ɯ ɝɝ. ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ (1992 – 2012 ɝɝ.) ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɧɚ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
«ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ» - 0,020 ɦɦ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɉɤɢ, ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɟɤ Ɉɤɢ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɋɟɥɢɝɟɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞ).
The aquatic sediments most adequately reflect the current state of water bodies
and carry information about their pollution due to engineering and economic
activities in the area. Due to their high sorption properties, they are considered as an
integral indicator of anthropogenic impact on the river, reservoir or lake. Recent
246
235
ɍȾɄ 551.481
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
ɆɂɄɊɈɉɅȺɋɌɂɄ ȼ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌȺɏ: ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ɂ
1. Ȼɚɪɟɧɛɨɣɦ Ƚ.Ɇ., ȼɟɧɢɰɢɚɧɨɜ ȿ.ȼ, Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ ȼ.ɂ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽ
ɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ȼ.Ⱦ. Ʉɚɡɦɢɪɭɤ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ȼɨɞɚ: ɯɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2009, ʋ10, 11.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2. ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., ȼ.ɇ.Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ/ ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ./.- Ɇ.: ɊȽȺɍ-ɆɋɏȺ, 2015. ɋ.150.
3. ȼɋɇ 163-83. ɍɱɟɬ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ
(ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ).
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ, ɬɢɩɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ, ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ,
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ.
4. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. http://rudocs.exdat.com/docs/index39178.html?page=20
5. ɉɲɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ.
A possible threat of microplastics to water ecosystems and methods for the
detection of microplastics in sediments are considered. The sampling techniques and
Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ
analytical methods for identification and quantification of microplastics are reviewed.
ɫɨɥɟɧɵɯ ɨɡɟɪɚɯ Ȼɚɪɝɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ (ɨɩɵɬɵ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
Several main goals for the detection of microplastics were indicated: abundance,
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ) http://conf.nsc.ru/youngconf-2011/ru/reportview/49389
type, size, shape, color, degradation stage, chemical composition, and possible
6. Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ ȿ. ȿ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
sources.
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ
http://www.gramota.net/materials/1/2013/1/15.html
7. Ȼɢɤ ɂ. ɜɚɧ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ.
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɬ 4,8 ɞɨ 12,7 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɧ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ, ɨɤɨɥɨ 90% ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ /ɂ. ɜɚɧ Ȼɢɤ, ɉ.
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ
Ʌɚɭɤɫ; ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɚɧɝɥ. ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɇ.ȼ. ɋɟɥɟɜɟɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ. –Ɇ.: ɘɫɬɢɰɢɧɮɨɪɦ,
ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɨɦ
2009.-ɋ.660
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬ Ʉɢɬɚɣ, ɂɧɞɨɧɟɡɢɹ, Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɢɧɵ ɢ ȼɶɟɬɧɚɦ. ȼ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɷɬɢɯ
8. Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ, ȼ.ɇ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ,
ɢ
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɨɦ,
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɪɟɮɬɚɥɚɬɨɦ
[1].
ɩɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ,
Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ.
ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɯ
ɦɭɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɹɬɧɚ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ
Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɢ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ [2]. ɇɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɭɫɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɚɯ.
234
247
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɢ ɜ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɦ
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ.
ɦɨɪɟ [3]. ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɚɯ Ⱦɭɧɚɣ, ɋɟɧɚ ɢ ɅɨɫȺɧɞɠɟɥɟɫ.
Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ <5ɦɦ (ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
<1ɦɦ), ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ)
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. ɋɚɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ» ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɤ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ 2004 ɝ., ɯɨɬɹ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɟɳɟ ɜ 1972 ɝ..
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ. 1) Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɥɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 7 ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɥɟɧɤɭ, ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɞɵ. 2) Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɡɭɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɬɚ 2 ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ.
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. 3) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɞɤɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɮɬɚɥɚɬɨɜ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. 4) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɢ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ.
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ. 5) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ȼɫɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɫ ɥɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ. 6) ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɯɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ,
ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ
ɫɪɟɞɭ,
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɦɨɪɫɤɭɸ,
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ
ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨɞ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɪɨɡɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ:
ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɬɵ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
1. ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ;
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ
2. ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ;
ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɬ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ
3. ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɧɚ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɟ
ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɹɢɰ
ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨ
ɢ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ
ɫɟɣɱɚɫ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ, ɯɨɬɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɭɠɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ.
ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ [4-7].
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
248
233
ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ (ɪɟɤɢ
ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɢɹ, Ɋɟɣɧ, Ɇɚɣɧ, ȼɟɥɢɤɢɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ,
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ). Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɢ [8]. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɦɵ
ɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɟɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
ɩɪɨɛ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 4 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɪ. ɇɚɪɵɧ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ _ɋi,j_0=_ͳ ͷͲ_, ɤɝ/ɫ.
ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ
Ⱦɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ,
ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ȼɋɇ 163-83, ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 6 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɬɚ [ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ,
Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ, 2015] ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 10 ɢ 100 ɥɟɬ. Ɂɨɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 140ɦ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 10
ɥɟɬ) ɢ 540ɦ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 100ɥɟɬ). Ȼɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɦɟɥɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɨɞɵ, ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɢ ɩɥɹɠɧɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ, ɢɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɬɪɚɦ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɞɨɥɶɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜɚɥɭɧɵ, ɛɪɟɜɧɚ, ɨɩɨɪɵ). ɇɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɤɨ
ɜɫɟɦɭ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɨ-ɨɬɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ
ɧɚɲɢɦ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ,
ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɱɢɯ
ɪɚɜɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ,
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɜ ¼ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ
ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɦɢ. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ
ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɢɥɢɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 20…280ɦ.
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ (ɨɤɟɚɧɚ), ɚ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ, ɬɢɩɚ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
ɧɚ
ɞɚɧɧɭɸ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ. 1)
Ɋɢɫ. 6 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɬɚ 2 ɡɚ 10 ɢ 100 ɥɟɬ.
232
Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɫɟɯ
249
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɩɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. 2) Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ. 3) Ɍɪɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ: ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɟɤɬɚɦ. 4) Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɥɧ ɢ ɞɪ. [Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ… ; ɉɲɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ …;
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ɢɦɢ
ɇɚɲɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ [Ȼɢɤ ɂ. ɜɚɧ, Ʌɚɭɤɫ ɉ., 2009]. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ,
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ. Ⱦɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ |Ɋij|,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɜɨɪɱɚɬɵɟ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɢ-
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɫ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ …].
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ Ɋij, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɨɪɵ: ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɪɢɰɚ (Crassostrea gigas), ɬɨɧɤɨɫɟɬɱɚɬɚɹ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ i ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ j (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɨɬɚɤɚ (Protothaca staminea) ɢ ɞɪ..
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɜɧɚɹ CW ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ W, ɤ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ W+1 ɫɬɚɧɟɬ
ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɛɨɪ [9, 10]. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɪɚɜɧɨɣ CW+1. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ,
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɬɛɨɪɭ ɩɪɨɛ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ,
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɜɚɥɨɜɵɣ. ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɟɫɹɰɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɭ ɝɨɞɚ). ɇɚ
ɫɛɨɪɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ. ɑɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ (ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ W=0 ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ
ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɢɧɰɟɬɚ. ȼ ɩɥɹɠɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɱɚɳɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,5×0,5ɦ, 1,0×1,0ɦ, 1,5×1,5ɦ, 2,0×2,0ɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɨɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ
|ɋ01=50ɤɝ/ɫ, ɋ02=400ɤɝ/ɫ|). ɇɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ W+1 ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ |ɋ|W
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ:
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1ɫɦ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
|ɋi,j|W+1 =|ɋ|W u|Ɋij|W+1
ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɫɥɨɣ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2-4, ɪɟɠɟ 5ɫɦ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɣ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɲɩɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɨɜɨɱɤɨɦ
ɢɡ
ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 1, 4, 7 ɢ 10 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ,
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ:
ɩɪɨɛɵ. ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɣ. ȼɟɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɵ, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 0,5×0,5ɦ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɥɨɹ 5ɫɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 30 ɤɝ.
Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ. Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ
ͲǡͷͲ
ͲǡͺͶ Ͳǡͳ͸
_Ɋi,j_1=ቚ
ቚ _Ɋi,j_4=ฬ
Ͳǡ͵ͷ
Ͳ
ͳ
ͲǡͷͲ
ฬ
Ͳǡ͸ͷ
Ͳǡ͹ͻ Ͳǡʹͳ
Ͳǡͺʹ
_Ɋi,j_7=ቚ
ቚ _Ɋi,j_10=ቚ
Ͳǡͳͳ Ͳǡͺͻ
Ͳǡʹͻ
Ͳǡͳͺ
ቚ
Ͳǡ͹ͳ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ.
ɩɪɨɛ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɦ
ɉɟɬɟɪɫɨɧɚ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 625ɫɦ2.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ
250
ɧɚ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ
231
ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɦɟɬɪɵ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣ
ɩɥɹɠɧɨɣ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ
ɦɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɋɒȺ. Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɚɥɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɦ, ɫ ɪɭɱɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ
ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 20 ɞɸɣɦɨɜ, ɟɟ
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ȼɪɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ [http://rudocs.exdat.com/docs/index-212957.html?page=3].
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ 2 ɞɸɣɦɚ. Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɦ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɢ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɬɶ
ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3-ɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 1-5ɫɦ [11].
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ (ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.1).
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɜɚɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɯ
ɡɚɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɬɚ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɟɩɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ
1200
Ɋɚɡɦɵɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ,
ɤɭɛ.ɦ/ɩɨɝ.ɦ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ (ɜ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ) ɞɨ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 5ɦɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3).
y=
1000
-1,01x2
+ 67x
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
800
ɜɨɞɵ
ɫ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɣ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ,
ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ȿɫɥɢ
600
ɜ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
400
y = -0,34x2 + 34x
200
ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɧɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ,
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɷɬɨ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ
ɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɛɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
0
0
4
8
12
16
Ƚɨɞɵ
20
24
Ɋɢɫ. 3 ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ
ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
230
ɫɭɲɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɲɤɚɮɭ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ 24ɱ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60ƕɋ). Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɨɛɚ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (NaCl), ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ,
251
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ.
2. ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
3
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ NaCl ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,18-2,50ɝ/ɫɦ . ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɚ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɟɩɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
3. ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ [12-15].
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬ 0,8 ɞɨ 1,4ɝ/ɫɦ , ɜ ɬ.ɱ.
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2,65ɝ/ɫɦ . ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ.
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ <0,05 ɞɨ 1,00ɝ/ɫɦ3.
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ
3
ɞɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢ
4. ɝɢɛɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
3
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ 0,85-0,94ɝ/ɫɦ , ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ 0,92-0,97ɝ/ɫɦ , ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ;
3
3
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ:
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɚɞɚ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɛ ɜ ɡɚɪɨɫɥɹɯ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɚɧɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɪɨɫɥɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɪɟɤ, ɝɞɟ ɟɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɧɚ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɢɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɚɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ
ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɷɬɚɩɵ:
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɨɛɵ
ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ
1) ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
35%
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ);
ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ (H2O2).
2) ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ
Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɬ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
–
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɩɪɨɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɫɢɬ ɫ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
ɜ
ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ
ɜ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 0,038 ɞɨ 4,75ɦɦ, ɚ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɯ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ:
ɲɟɫɬɢ ɫɢɬ.
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ
ɩɪɨɛ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ, ɮɨɪɦɟ,
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ, ɰɜɟɬɭ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ: ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɜ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ
6,5-1000×ɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Wild M3Z,
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɟ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ Ȼɪɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢ
Leica Microsystems, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ) ɢɥɢ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ
ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. Ɇɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩ ɫ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɪɢɫ.1). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧ
ɮɨɬɨɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɮɨɬɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɮɢɪɦɵ Canon, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɤ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
252
229
1. Ɋɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ (ɰɟɥɶ - ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ).
2. Ɋɟɠɢɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ (ɰɟɥɶ - ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ,
ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ [16]. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɬɢɩ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ,
ɫɚɦɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɰɜɟɬɭ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ).
3. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɰɟɥɶ – ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ).
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ. ɐɜɟɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɢɫɬɨ-
4. ɉɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɗɬɨ ɜɢɞ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɛɟɥɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɬɨ-
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɧ
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɦɢ. ɐɜɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɮɨɬɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɛɟɥɵɟ, ɜɵɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ
(ɫɨɫɬɚɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ, ɩɨɬɭɫɤɧɟɜɲɢɟ), ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦ.
ɛɟɥɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɡɚ
ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ. ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ, ɚ ɛɟɥɵɟ
[Ȼɚɪɟɧɛɨɣɦ, ȼɟɧɢɰɢɚɧɨɜ, Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ-Ⱦɚɧɢɥɶɹɧ, 2009], ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ. ɉɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ
ɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ.
ɰɜɟɬ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɥ ɜɢɧɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ, ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ
ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ
ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɢɯɥɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɛɢɮɟɧɢɥɨɜ,
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɠɟɥɬɟɧɢɹ) ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ
(ɩɨ Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɭ Ⱥ.ɂ. ɢ ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜɭ ȼ.ȼ.) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ [ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ, Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ, 2015]:
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ. ɐɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɷɬɢ
ɱɟɦ
ɧɟ
ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ,
ɩɨɬɨɦɭ,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
x ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ;
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧ.
x ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ
ɑɟɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɬɭɫɤɧɟɜɲɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ. ɇɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ
x ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ.
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ 10-11 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɤɭɞɚ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
ɜɯɨɞɹɬ, ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ
1. ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ 11 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ”1ɦɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɥɚɫɫ 1; >1ɦɦ ”2ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 2; >2ɦɦ - ”3ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 3; >3ɦɦ - ”4ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 4; >4ɦɦ - ”5ɦɦ –
228
253
ɤɥɚɫɫ 5; >5ɦɦ - ”6ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 6; >6ɦɦ - ”7ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 7; >7ɦɦ - ”8ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 8;
ɍȾɄ 504.4.062.2
>8ɦɦ - ”9ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 9; >9ɦɦ - ”10ɦɦ – ɤɥɚɫɫ 10; >10ɦɦ– ɤɥɚɫɫ 11 [17]. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ
ɉɊɈȽɇɈɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ȾɇȺ ɂ ȻȿɊȿȽɈȼ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ
ɉɊɂ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȿ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ 10 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ: ɤɥɚɫɫ 1 – ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ <0,02ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 2 – 0,02-0,04ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 3
ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ɞ.ɬ.ɧ, ɩɪɨɮ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ ȼ.ɇ. ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
– 0,04-0,06ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 4 – 0,06-0,08ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 5 – 0,08-0,1ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 6 – 0,1-0,5ɦɦ;
ɤɥɚɫɫ 7 – 0,5-1,0ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 8 – 1,0-2,0ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 9 – 2,0-5,0ɦɦ; ɤɥɚɫɫ 10 - >5,0ɦɦ
[18]. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ. Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɬɟɣ, ɜɟɪɟɜɨɤ, ɤɚɧɚɬɨɜ
ɋɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ
ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢɡ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ. ɏɨɬɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɨɞɢɧ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5ɦɦ – ɨɧɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɦ.
ɗɬɨ
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɧɢɦ. ȼ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɢ.
450 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ [ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 19 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2012
ɜɥɢɹɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɢ
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɝ. ʋ 350]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɨɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɢɡ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɩɨɥɡɧɟɜɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ;
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ. Ɉɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ.
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɵɛɨɪ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ.
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɡɨɧ
ɢ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɩɨɣɦɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦɢ
ɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɣɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
1. Jambeck J.R. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean / Jambeck J.R.,
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɤ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
Geyer R., Wilcox C., Siegler T.R., Perryman M., Andrady A., Narayan R., Law K.L.
x ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɯɜɚɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
// Science. - 2015. - ʋ 347 (6223). - P. 768-771.
x
2. Gross M. Oceans of plastic waste // Current Biology. - 2015. - ʋ 25 (3). - P.
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ.
R93-R96.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
ɦɨɝɭɬ
254
227
Ɇɟɫɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɛɪɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ).
8. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ:
3. Ȼɪɟɯɨɜɫɤɢɯ, ȼ.Ɏ. Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɂɜɚɧɶɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ:
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ / ȼ.Ɏ. Ȼɪɟɯɨɜɫɤɢɯ, Ɍ.ɇ. Ʉɚɡɦɢɪɭɤ, ȼ.Ⱦ. Ʉɚɡɦɢɪɭɤ. -
ɚɜɢɚɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2006. - 176 ɫ.
4. Cole M. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review /
ɷɯɨɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ; ɧɚɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ (ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ
Cole M., Lindeque P., Halsband C., Galloway T.S. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. -
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ); ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.
2011. - ʋ 62. - P. 2588-2597.
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
5. Ivar do Sul J.A. The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine
1. ȼɋɇ 163-83. ɍɱɟɬ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ
environment / Ivar do Sul J.A., Costa M.F // Environmental Pollution. - 2014. - ʋ
185. - P. 352-364.
(ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ).
6. Syberg K. Microplastics: Addressing ecological risk through lessons learned /
2. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «ɋɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ) ɢ
Syberg K., Khan F.R., Selck H., Palmqvist A., Banta G.T., Daley J., Sano L.,
ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ȻɨȽɗɋ ɜ 2012 ɝ.»
Duhaimek M.B. // Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - 2015. - ʋ 34 (5). - P.
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ʋ 50/50-12 ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
945-953.
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɢ
ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨ-ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
7. Wright S.L. The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ⱥɥɶɮɚɪɟɤɨɧ» (ɈɈɈ «ɊɋɄ
review / Wright S.L., Thompson R.C., Galloway T.S. // Environmental Pollution. -
Ⱥɥɶɮɚɪɟɤɨɧ») ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ
2013. - ʋ 178. - P. 483-492.
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ (ɂȺɗɌ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ) ȼ 2 ɬɨɦɚɯ.
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, 2012ɝ.
8. Eerkes-Medrano D. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review of the
emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research
needs // Eerkes-Medrano D., Thompson R.C., Aldridge D.C. // Water Research. 2015. - ʋ 75. - P. 63-82.
9. Baztan J. Protected areas in the Atlantic facing the hazards of micro-plastic
pollution: First diagnosis of three islands in the Canary Current // Baztan J., Carrasco
A., Chouinard O., Cleaud M., Gabaldon J.E., Huck T., Jaffrès L., Jorgensen B.,
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80. - P. 302-311.
10. Hidalgo-Ruz V. Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of used the
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R.C., Thiel M. // Environmental Science & Technology. - 2012. - ʋ 46. - P. 30603075.
226
255
11. Cluzard M. Intertidal concentrations of microplastics and their influence on
ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɟɹ 1,
ammonium cycling as related to the shellfish industry / Cluzard M., Kazmiruk T.N.,
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ.
Kazmiruk V.D., Bendell L.I. // Archives of Environmental Contamination and
3. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 10 ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɫɹ:
Toxicology. - 2015. - ʋ 68. - DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0156-5.
ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ,
12. Claessens M. New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments
ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ
and ¿eld collected organisms / Claessens M., Van Cauwenberghe L., Vandegehuchte
Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ - ɨɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ - ɜ
M.B., Janssen C.R. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2013. - ʋ 70. - P. 227-233.
ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 10 ɥɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɭ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ 65% ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
13. Imhof H.K. A novel, highly efficient method for the separation and
4. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
quantification of plastic particles in sediments of aquatic environments / Imhof H.K.,
ɦɟɫɬ: ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Schmid J., Niessner R., Ivleva N.P., Laforsch C // Limnology and Oceanography:
ɍɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɟɹ 1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2.
Methods. - 2012. - ʋ 10. - P. 524-537.
5. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
14. Nuelle M.-T. A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
marine sediments / Nuelle M.-T., Dekiff J.H., Remy D., Fries E. // Environmental
ɜɢɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
Pollution. - 2014. - ʋ 184. - P. 161-169.
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ
15. Zhu X. Optimization of elutriation device for filtration of microplastic particles
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
from sediment // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2015. - ʋ 92. - P. 69-72.
16. Harrison J.P. The applicability of reÀectance micro-Fourier-transform infrared
ɢ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞ
ɢ
ɪɭɫɥɚ,
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ
spectroscopy for the detection of synthetic microplastics in marine sediments /
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
Harrison J.P., Ojeda J.J., Romero-González M.E. // Science of the Total
6. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
Environment. - 2012. - ʋ 416. - P. 455-463.
ɨɛɡɨɪɧɵɣ (ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
17. Martins J. Plastic marine debris on the Portuguese coastline: A matter of size? /
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ); ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Martins J., Sobral P. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2011. - ʋ 62. - P. 2649-2653.
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ; ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ
18. Nor N.H.M. Microplastics in Singapore’s coastal mangrove ecosystems / Nor
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɣ (ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɨɣ
N.H.M., Obbard J.P. // Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 2014. - ʋ 79. - P. 278-283.
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ, GPS
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ (ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ).
7. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɧɚ
ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɯ, ɜ ɡɚɥɢɜɚɯ ɢ ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
256
225
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɞɥɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ.
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
Ⱦɢɫɥɨɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪ.
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ.
Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ (ɥɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ), ɜ 40,3 ɤɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ
ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ. ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ-2 ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ
Ⱥ.Ʌ.Ȼɭɛɟɪ, Ɇ.Ⱥ.ȼɚɫɥɹɟɜ
ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɟ ɪ. Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɎȽȻɇɍ
ɍɫɬɶ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2 ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
«ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ
ɇȺɍɑɇɈ-ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɃ
ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ȽɂȾɊɈɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ɂ ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɐɂɂ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ»
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ.
Ɉɤɨɥɨɥɨ 60% ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ. ɋɥɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɡɚ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 2 ɦ.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ
Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɜ
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɦ ɤɪɚɟɦ, ɧɚ Ʉɚɬɨ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɢɧɫɤɨɦ (ɪ. Ʉɚɬɚ – ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ,
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ
ɪ.
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɫ
Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
–
ɥɟɜɵɣ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ)
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɞɨɥɢɧɵ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ.
ȼ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ. Ɇɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ 88 ɤɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ
ɪɭɫɥɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ MIKE 11
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 189-190 ɦ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 4-5 ɦ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ. ɇɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ. ȼ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ȽȾɆ ɞɥɹ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɭɩ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2-3 ɦ.
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜɨɥɧɵ. Ʉɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ 100 ɥɟɬɧɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɦɵɜɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 1ɦ.
Summary
Article is devoted to the analysis and an assessment of changes of the river bed of
Amur River as a result of passing of an extreme flood of 2013, to development and
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ ɂ ɉɊȿȾɅɈɀȿɇɂə
deployment of imitating hydrodynamic computer model of the Amur River for the
1. ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ: Ɇɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ
purpose of preparation recommendations about a complex protective and the actions
2, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ, Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
for formation of the bed river in the coastal territory of the Russian Federation. The
ɍɫɬɶ Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2.
special attention is paid to development in the environment of the MIKE 11 program
2. ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ: ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ
and to introduction of hydrodynamic model (HDM) of the Central and Lower Amur
Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ1, ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
during passing of high flood waves, and also to use of HDM for the forecast
development of dangerous flood situations.
224
257
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɜɪɚɝɨɦ, ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ - ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
1 Ɋɟɤɚ Ⱥɦɭɪ
Ɋɟɤɚ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɦɢɪɚ – ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɭɫɬɶɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 10800 ɦ³/ɫ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɤ ɒɢɥɤɢ ɢ Ⱥɪɝɭɧɢ,
Ɋɨɝɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ 2011 ɝ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɚɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ɧɚ
ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɦɚɧ ɢ ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ ɜ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 90 ɦ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɤ
ɪɟɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ 2824 ɤɦ, ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɤɚ Ⱥɪɝɭɧɢ – 4440 ɤɦ. ɉɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ (ɞɨ 1 ɦ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɧɚ 5-7 ɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ). Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɪɟɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫ 1855 ɤɦ², ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɦɨɥɨɞɵɦ ɥɟɫɨɦ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ
1003 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɸ, 820 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² – ɧɚ ɄɇɊ ɢ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɤɢ
32 ɬɵɫ. ɤɦ² – ɧɚ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɸ.
ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɩɨɜ ɢ
Ⱦɨɥɢɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ 15 ɦ.
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɨɣ. ɉɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2 ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ. ɋɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɜ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 2 ɦ.
-
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ Ⱥɦɭɪ – ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɨ ɝ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɜɟɳɟɧɫɤɚ (ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪ. Ɂɟɢ);
-
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ Ⱥɦɭɪ – ɨɬ ɝ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɜɟɳɟɧɫɤɚ ɞɨ ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɚ (ɭɫɬɶɟ
ɪ. ɍɫɫɭɪɢ);
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ Ⱥɦɭɪ – ɨɬ ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɚ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ (Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ).
2 ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɩɨ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɥɟɬɨɦ 2013 ɝ. ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɢ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ 288 ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ 60% ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ.
ɉɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ, ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ
ɪɟɤɢ,
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɤɨɩɚɦɢ
ȿ.Ɉ.
Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ ɞɢɫɥɨɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɨ.
ȼɚɬɚɤɢɧɚ, ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ, ɜ 58,5 ɤɦ
ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ.
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 6-7 ɢ 10-12 ɦ, ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ - 198-200 ɢ 204-206 ɦ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ 2012
ɝ. ɨɫɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 42181 ɦ2. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɛɟɡɥɟɫɧɨɟ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɪɚɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɛɟɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ. Ɋɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1% ɜɨɥɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɦɵɜɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɨɟɦ 4,5 ɦ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 1
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟ.
ɦɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ
ɞɥɢɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ:
-
ɫɥɨɹ,
258
ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 1 ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 45 ɤɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɝ. ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤ. Ɉɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɟɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ - 210-218 ɦ (Ȼɋȼ). Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 11-20 ɦ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ ȼɟɪɟɹ 1 ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɨɬ 3,5 ɞɨ 10 ɦ.
223
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ-1
3 Ɉɱɚɝɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ
ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 115 ɥɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 6,2 ɤɦ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ.
ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ. ɇɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ, ɜ 100-150 ɦ ɨɬ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ.
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɫɚ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ ɪ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ ɢ
Ɇɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ. ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ, ɫɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɤ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɘɠɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ.
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɚɯ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ,
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɤ ɸɝɭ (ɞɨ 1 ɦ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɧɚ 10 ɦ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ). Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɥɟɫɟɧɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɨɬ
ɫɥɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
60
Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ - 201-216 ɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɞɨ
100%.
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
(Ȼɋȼ). Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ - 191 ɦ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɜɧɟɜɵɯ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ. ɋɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɜ 10 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɚɯ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ ɢ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 3…4 ɦ, ɜ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 15 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.8).
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɭɫɫɨɧɚ
ɧɚ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬ
ɷɬɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨ-ɮɪɨɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɨɜ ɫ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɸɠɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ
ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɱɚɝɚ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɚɦɭɪɫɤɢɣ,
Ɂɟɣɫɤɨ-Ȼɭɪɟɢɧɫɤɢɣ,
ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɍɫɫɭɪɢɣɫɤɢɣ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɨɤ,
Ɋɢɫ. 8 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 1, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹɦ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ).
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨ-ɮɪɨɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ,
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ, ɧɨ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɪɚɣɨɧɟ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 6,4 ɤɦ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ.
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɱɚɝɚɯ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ - 205-207 ɦ (Ȼɋȼ). Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ - 191 ɦ.
ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ. ɘɠɧɚɹ ɢ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ. ɋ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ-2
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
222
ɜ
ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ
259
ɩɨɣɦɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ, ɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɚ - 10 ɦ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 81800 ɤɜ.ɦ.
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɭ (10-12 ɦ
ɢ
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɪɹɞ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ.
ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ), ɩɨɤɪɵɬɭɸ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɦɢ ɞɸɧɚɦɢ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ
4 ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ 10 ɥɟɬ. ȼ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɦ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɢ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 55% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɜ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɚ ɜ Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɦ Ȼȼɍ ɢ ɜ ɎȽɍ "Ⱥɤɜɚɢɧɮɨɬɟɤɚ" ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 8 ɦ. ɉɨɞ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɶɸ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɩɨɞ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɨ 3 ɦ.
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ Ⱥɦɭɪɚ (ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɐɆɊ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɪɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ I ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɥɟɜɨɦ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɪɭɱɶɹ Ȼɚɥɚɝɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɟ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɜ 22 ɤɦ ɧɚ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ. ȼ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [1].
ɜɵɫɨɬ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ - 198-200 ɦ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ 9 12,0 ɦ. ɋ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɛɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ,
5 ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ MIKE 11.
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɭɱɶɹ, ɸɠɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɨɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɭɩɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ 18-20 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ,
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 40-80 ɦ ɨɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ
Ⱥɦɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ.
ɢ ɱɟɬɤɢɯ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ.
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ MIKE11
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ, ɱɟɪɟɡ 18 ɥɟɬ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɭ ɡɚɫɵɩɥɟɬ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɨ 3 ɦ.
[2-4]. ɍɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ: ɨɬ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ
ɫ. ɑɟɪɧɹɟɜɨ (ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚ 454 ɤɦ ɝ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɜɟɳɟɧɫɤ) ɞɨ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ (Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɟ
Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ.
ɦɨɪɟ). ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɢ: ɪ. Ɂɟɹ,
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɦɵɫɟ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɪ. Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ.
ɪ. Ȼɭɪɟɹ, ɪ.ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢ, ɪ.Ȼ.Ȼɢɪɚ, ɪ. ɍɫɫɭɪɢ, ɪ.Ɍɭɧɝɭɫɤɚ, ɪ.Ƚɭɪ ɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɝɭɧɶ. ɇɚ
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɢ
ɬɟɪɪɚɫɨɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɭɩɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ, ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 4.50 ɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ.
ɞɨ 11.00 ɦ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ
ɤ
ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦɭ
ɪɚɣɨɧɭ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ
– 182… 200 ɦ. ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ, ȼ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 10 ɥɟɬ 65% ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɟɬ ɫɥɨɣ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɞɨ 18 ɦ. ɑɟɪɟɡ 100 ɥɟɬ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɚ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 20 ɦ.
260
221
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ 2, ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ 2 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 100 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɝ. ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɚ, ɩɨ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɦɵɫɭ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ - ɪ. Ȭɞɚɪɦɵ. Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɚ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɚɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 500 ɦ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɬ 186 … 193 ɦ. Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɡɚ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 60 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ) ɨɤɨɥɨ 17% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɶɸ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 8 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.7).
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
6 ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ȽȾɆ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 7 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ ȿɞɚɪɦɚ, ɩɪɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ).
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɚ
ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɉɪɢɚɧɝɚɪɶɟ, ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ, ɧɚ ɨ.
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɣɦɟ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ, ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ 28 ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɬ ɞ. Ʉɟɭɥɶ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɟɤɢ, ɢ ɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ 188 - 208 ɦ. ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɟɡɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ 8 - 20 ɦ. ȼ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɹ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ. ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɦɵɫɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ,
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ - 570 ɦ. ɘɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɐɆɊ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɞɨ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ, ɟɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ - 280 ɦ. ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ,
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ MIKE 11 ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ - 590 ɦ. ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
220
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
261
Ⱦɥɹ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ: ɦɨɫɬɵ ɚɪɨɱɧɵɟ,
ɨɞɧɨ- ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɵɟ; ɦɨɫɬɵ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɞɧɨ- ɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɵɟ; ɦɨɫɬɵ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ, ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɥɢɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɜɟɪɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɪɟɞɚ MIKE 11 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɦɛ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ
ɦɨɫɬɚ,
ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ.
ȼ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɜ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
Ɋɢɫ. 5 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɍɫɬɶ Ʉɚɬɚ 2, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ
ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ).
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɝ.
Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ - Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɠɢɥɶɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɞɚɦɛɵ.
XVII-XX ɜɜ. ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-
Ƚɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ
ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜ 92 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɛɶɟɮɚ ɩɥɨɬɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɣ Ƚɗɋ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ
Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɦ Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ʉɚɬɚ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ: 187-191 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.6).
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɣɦɵ ɪ.
Ⱥɦɭɪ.
7 Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ
Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ 1958, 1972, 1984 ɢ 2013 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ 10000 ɦ3/ɫ. ɉɪɢɬɨɤ
ɩɨ ɪ. ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ
MIKE 11 ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɛɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪ. ɋɭɧɝɚɪɢ ɞɨ ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ (Ƚɉ
Ɋɢɫ. 6 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ, ɩɪɢ
5013 ɝ.ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ) ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ Ƚɉ 5013, ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɪ. ɍɫɫɭɪɢ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ h1%, (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ).
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5002 (ɫ. ɇɚɝɢɛɨɜɨ).
Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ Ʉɚɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬ ɟɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ 10
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɥɟɬ. Ɂɚ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 23% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɨ
Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ.ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ) ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 1958 ɝ.
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɶɸ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 10 ɦ.
262
219
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013
(ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
Ɋɢɫ.4 ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ (ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɑɚɫɬɶ 2
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ
5%, ɩɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɜɨɞɵ - 10%).
Ɇɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2
8 ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɍɫɬɶ-ɂɥɢɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ, ɞɢɫɥɨɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɚ, ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. Ʉɚɬɚ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɟ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ: 190-222 ɦ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2 ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚ 10 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. Ɂɚ 100 ɥɟɬɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60% ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɨ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ 9 ɦ. Ɉɤɨɥɨ
30% ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɨ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɞɨ 11 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.5).
218
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɛɵɥɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝ. ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɫɹ
ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ: ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɧɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ (ɭɪɨɜɧɢ) ɜɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ
ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 3-6 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ: ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ (ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ) ɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭ (ɫɦ.ɜɵɲɟ). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
263
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ: 01 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 33 ɞɧɹ ɞɨ ɩɢɤɚ), 07 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 27 ɞɧɟɣ ɞɨ
17
ɩɢɤɚ), 13 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 21 ɞɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɩɢɤɚ) ɢ 25 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɡɚ 9 ɞɧɟɣ ɞɨ ɩɢɤɚ). ɇɚ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ 3, 4 ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɱɟɪɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ)
18
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɨɣ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɢɧɢɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ 13 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ
19
(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5) ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ, ɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɸɸ ɞɚɬɭ.
20
21
22
23
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
ɑɟɪɧɨɜɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ɀɟɜɚɤɚɧ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɟɥɢɧɞɚ 2
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶɉɨɥɨɜɢɧɧɚɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
25
ȼɚɬɚɤɢɧɚ
26 ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȿɥɨɜɤɚ 3
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
27
Ʉɟɭɥɶ
28 ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 1
24
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 01.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
33
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɟɹ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ Ɍɭɲɚɦɫɤɢɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɭɲɚɦɚ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ
Ȼɵɤɨɜɚɹ 2
34
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ
əɪɨɫɚɦɚ 1
29
30
31
32
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
2
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
14
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
11
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
9
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
14
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
15
5
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
20
8
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
25
20
40
20
3
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
40
15
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
40
15
15
60
60
ɉɟɫɨɤ
25
20
23
ɉɟɫɨɤ
25
20
2
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
28
15
3
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
40
15
60
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
20
3
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 07.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
264
217
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.
Ɍɚɛɥ.1
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɫɬ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ.
ʋ
ɩ/ɩ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Ɇɟɫɬɨ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Ɋɭɱɟɣ Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Ʉɚɬɚ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
Ʉɚɬɚ 2
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ʉɚɬɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ
ɍɫɬɶ-Ʉɚɬɚ 3
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
2, ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ȭɞɚɪɦɚ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɢɱɧɵɣ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ, ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ
ɋɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɵɫ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɍɚɥɚɹ
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɋɭɱɟɣ
Ⱦɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ 1
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ɉɬɢɤɨ 2
ɋɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɍɫɬɶ-Ɂɚɢɦɤɚ
ɍɝɨɥ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɤɨɫɚ, ɝɪɚɞ
Ɉɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɭɯɨɝɨ
Ɇɨɤɪɨɝɨ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɍɤɥɨɧ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ,
ɝɪɚɞ.
40
15
50
30
25
9
40
15
1
ɉɟɫɨɤ
25
20
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
40
15
1
25
15
2
28
15
5
Ɋɵɯɥɵɟ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ.
ɋɭɩɟɫɢ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ.
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
20
1
28
15
3
40
15
0
40
15
0
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
15
1
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
40
20
1
40
20
5
Ɏɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ (ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɧɚ 25 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ, ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6)
ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
(ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɢ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɜɨɞɵ). ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɚɬɵ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚ 9 ɞɧɟɣ
ɞɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɢɤ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥ 3, 4 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ).
15
ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɪɟɜɧɹ
Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɚ
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
40
20
0
16
Ɇɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤ Ɉɬɢɤɨ 1
ɋɭɩɟɫɶ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
ɉɟɫɨɤ
30
20
6
216
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 13.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 25.08 ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ƚɉ 5013 (ɝ. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ)
265
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɢ
ȽȾɆ ɪ.Ⱥɦɭɪ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
2013 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ V’ɪ; ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ V’ɚ;
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1
Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɂ-13-16: «Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ⱥɦɭɪ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪ. Ⱥɦɭɪ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ L’ɛ. ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ F’, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ (ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ - 0,7). ȿɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ
ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ L’ɛ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚ
'Lɛ:
'Lɛ=(F˜VpVa)/(F˜ZpZa)
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ». ȽɄ ɨɬ «24» ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ
ɝɞɟ Zp - ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɡɲɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ; Za - ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɡɲɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ
ʋ ɂ-13-16;
2
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ Va (ɪɢɫ. 1).
Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ Lɛ, ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ. Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ «ȼɨɥɝɚ», 2013;
3
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ Mike11. Ɇ.:
ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
Lɛ=L’ɛ'Lɛ
ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ «ȼɨɥɝɚ», 2013;
4
(7)
Vp=V’ɪ'Lɛ ˜Zp;
MIKE VIEW ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Va=V’ɚ+'Lɛ˜Za
(8)
ɉɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ Lɛ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
MOUSE, MIKESWMM, MIKENET, MIKE11, MIKEURBAN/Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ
ɫɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ.
ɤɨɧɫɚɥɬɢɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɮɢɪɦɚ «ȼɨɥɝɚ», 2013.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɞɧɚ ɜ ɥɨɠɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɜ
ɫ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ
Ȼɨɝɭɱɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɦɟɫɬ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ
ɜɨɥɧɵ 1 ɢ 3ɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɈȺɈ Ʌɟɧɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɨɟɤɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɜɨɥɧɵ 10 ɢ 1% ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ [ɉɪɨɟɤɬ
«ɋɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ)
ɢ
ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ȻɨȽɗɋ ɜ 2012 ɝ.» ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ
ɨɬɱɟɬ…, 2012].
266
215
627.81
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ - ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ,
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ
ɜ
ɯɨɞɟ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ (ɇ, ɦ) ɨɬ
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ (hɨ,ɦ) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ (d, ɦɦ).
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ.
ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
Ɂɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ tgJɩ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɚ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0,5 (ɪɢɫ. 1). Ɂɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ tgJɧ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ,
ɛɪɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɝɢɦ, ɱɟɦ ɭɤɥɨɧ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ȼ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
Annotation
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Water control questions are considered in the article. Basic problems in the field of
tgJɧ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɪɚɬɶ: ɞɥɹ ɫɵɩɭɱɢɯ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ
total water use and river flow regulation are discussed. Aims and tasks are set forth in area
0,5, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɟɤ ɢɡ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ - 1,0.
of water control. The methodical aspects of decision of hydrological and water planning
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
tasks are considered. The estimation of necessary baseline information is given. Article
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
concerns methods of the river flow modelling, in particular with the use of beta-distribution
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ:
probability. The article describes the criteria to meet water users and simulation techniques
F=Vɚ/Vɪ,
(6)
of water management systems.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɝɞɟ Vɚ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ; Vɪ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ, ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɤɥɨɧɚ; F - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ dt0,05 ɦɦ.
Keywords
Water management, flow regulation mode, water consumption, to meet the criteria
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Lɛ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
for water, water systems, modeling of runoff simulation.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ.
214
267
ȼH=k˜H2+(1/mɩ)˜H
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ. ȼ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɦɵ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɟɦɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ȼD=D˜[2˜k˜H+(1/mɩ)].
ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
(2)
(3)
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ȼH ɢ ȼD ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ȼɨ:
ȼɨ=ȼH+ȼD
ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ
(4)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ k ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ
k=(mɩ-mo)/(20˜mɩ˜mo),
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
(5)
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ
ɝɞɟ mɩ - ɭɤɥɨɧ ɩɥɹɠɚ (ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɭɪɟɡɚ); mo - ɭɤɥɨɧ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
(ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ).
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ,
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ,
ɚɬɨɦɧɭɸ
ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɭ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ mɩ ɢ mo ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ (ɪɢɫ.2).
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ, ɨɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɟ [1] ɞɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ȼɨɥɝɢ, Ɉɛɢ ɢ ɂɪɬɵɲɚ,
Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ ɢ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ. Ⱥɧɝɚɪɨ - ȿɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ (ȺȿɄ) ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ 13
ɝɢɝɚɜɚɬɬ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 45 ɦɥɪɞ ɤȼɬ*ɱɚɫ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨɄɚɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɛɨɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɷɬɨ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɢ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ɋɢɫ.2 Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ mɩ ɢ mo ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ [2], ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ. ɉɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ Ɋɂɋɂ (Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ
Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ H ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ ho ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɤɪɚɟ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ (ɪɢɫ.3).
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ) ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
268
213
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɥɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 50% ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤ 2025 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɢ ɞɨ 70 %. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ, ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ 18 ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ.
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ 1000 ɦ3/ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɟɟ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɭɸ
ɫɢɥɭ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. Ʉ 2025
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ.
ɝɨɞɚɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɫɬɢ ɞɨ 33. ɇɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ
ȼɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ: Ȼɥɢɠɧɢɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɤ, ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ Ʉɢɬɚɣ,
ɇ, ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ho. ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ
Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ, ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɇ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɇ+D
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ.
(ɪɢɫ. 1), ɝɞɟ D - ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬ
ɥɶɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɘɠɧɵɣ ɢ
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 100 ɪɚɡ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ - ȼɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɊɎ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ ɢ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2012 - 2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ» [4, 5]. ȼ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨ
Vɪ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ; Vɚ - ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ; ȼɨ - ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɨɬɦɟɥɢ; H - ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɇɉɍ; D - ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ; Jɧ - ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ;
Jɩ - ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ; Lɛ - ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɛɟɪɟɝɚ.
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ [3, 6, 7] ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ȼH ɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ȼD ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦ:
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ
x=k˜y2+(1/mɩ)˜y.
(1)
212
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. ɉɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɟ,
269
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
ɉɊɈȽɇɈɁ ɉȿɊȿɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɃ ȻȿɊȿȽɈȼ ɂ ȾɇȺ ɉɊɂ
ɇȺɉɈɅɇȿɇɂɂ ȻɈȽɍɑȺɇɋɄɈȽɈ ȼɈȾɈɏɊȺɇɂɅɂɓȺ ȾɅə ɈɐȿɇɄɂ
ɋɈɏɊȺɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȺɊɏȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɈȻɔȿɌɈȼ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ [8]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɬ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ, ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ ȼ.ɇ. ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
ɒɚɛɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ɞ.ɬ.ɧ, ɩɪɨɮ.
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ ɊȽȺɍ ɆɋɏȺ – ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ.Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɹɞɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɹɞɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɩɨɞ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ,
ɑɚɫɬɶ 1
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɪɟɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɥɢɛɨ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɥɢɛɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ [9, 10].
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɣ
ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬ
ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ «ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ»
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɦɵɬɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ
Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɢ ɞɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɬɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɢɫɶ
ɫ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ
ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
270
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɚɦɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɧɚ
(ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
(ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ), ɞɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɫɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɥɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ,
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ȼɋɇ 163-83, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɵɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɞɜɭɦɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [3].
ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɢɩɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɭɸ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɜɨɥɧ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ. ɑɚɫɬɶ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɝɭɸ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɭɸ ɨɬɦɟɥɶ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɭɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ
211
ɨɬɦɟɥɶ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ⱦ.ə.,
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɋɚɪɦɚɧɨɜ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɭ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɚɫɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɪɟɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [11]. ɉɪɢ
ɢ ɬɚɥɶɜɟɝɢ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɠɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ í ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɤɚɦ,
ɪɹɞɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [12] ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ
ɦɟɫɬɚɦ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞ. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɢɳɟɬɫɹ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɬɚɤɨɟ
ɂ.Ɉ.)
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɢɯ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ: ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɢ
ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɟɡɞɨɜ
ɧɟɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ
ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ Y
A˜ X
,
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɝɞɟ A – ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ n*N ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ai , j , X – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ-
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ x1, ..., xn
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ.
ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ƚɂɋ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ, ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 10 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2007 ɝ. ʋ 219 «Ɉɛ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ».
2. Ɂɥɨɛɢɧɚ Ɍ. Ƚ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ƚɂɋ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ. «Ƚɟɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ»; ʋ 3, 2013 í ɫ. 33-36.
3. Ɏɨɤɢɧɚ ɇ. Ⱥ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ȾɁɁ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, 2010 í
ȼɵɩɭɫɤ 33-34 í ɫ. 304-312.
4. Ⱥɛɪɨɫɢɦɨɜ Ⱥ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ȾɁɁ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ ɞɥɹ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ /Ⱥ. ȼ. Ⱥɛɪɨɫɢɦɨɜ, Ȼ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɜɨɪɤɢɧ // Ƚɟɨɩɪɨɮɢ.
— 2009 í ʋ5. í ɫ. 40-45.
210
ai , j
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
ɢ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ x j .
ɋɬɪɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɢ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
[12]. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɬɨ
ɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ
ɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɨ-ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ.
Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɤ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ),
ɨɞɧɨɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ.
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɋ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
(ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
-
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɫ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɬɚ – ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ [13]. Ȼɟɬɚ - ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ – ɞɜɭɯ - ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɩɪɢ
271
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɯ – ɨɞɧɨɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɞɵ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ
ɫɬɨɤɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɞɜɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ p ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
q. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ (1).
f ( x)
xD 1 (1 x) E 1
B(D , E )
xD 1 (1 x) E 1
³0 B(D , E ) dx
x
; F ( x)
(1)
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɝɢɛɤɨɟ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɨ
ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɦ
ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɛɟɬɚ - ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɟɬɚ - ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ,
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɯɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɫɧɢɦɤɢ ɫɨ
p, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɨɞɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ALOS ɢ «Ɋɟɫɭɪɫ-ȾɄ1» ɩɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɭ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɵ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɞɥɹ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ p ɢ q ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ r ɦɨɞɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ mq.
ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɞɨɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɉɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ 5 ɝɚ. ɉɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ
[11].
ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ, ɛɢɨɩɪɭɞɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɜɚɥɨɜɤɚ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɭɸ
mq
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫ
ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ
(3)
m 0.5 r ˜ ( p 0.5)
ɫɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (4) ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ.
V r2
V 02 (1 r 2 ) ; V r2
1 r2
12
(4)
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Pleiades
272
209
ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɵɟ [3].
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ (5), ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ȼ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɷɜɬɪɨɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ,
«ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɧɢɸ» ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ.
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɟɬɚ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɟɬɚ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
(m ˜ E 2 ˜ m 1)
­
;
°°D
1 m
®
2
° E ˜ (m ˜ E 2 ˜ m 1) ˜ (1 m)
V2
2
°¯ ( E 2 ˜ m 1) ˜ ( E 3 ˜ m 2)
(5)
1 r 2
12
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ (5) ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ E , ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ
ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (0,5–1 ɦ). Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ D ɢ E ɛɟɬɚ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ WorldView-1,2; GeoEye; Pleiades-1A1B; QuickBird;
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ r ɢ
Ikonos ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ [4].
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ p.
Ɋɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɹ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢ
ɮɨɧɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ.
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɞ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɪɟɤ ɢ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɫɴɟɦɤɭ.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɫ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɝɞɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ [14]. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ í ɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɨ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ, ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
Ɉɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ
ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ;
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ; ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɚɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɪɟɤ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɟ ɤ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɦɵɦ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɫ
ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɪɟɤ
ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ [3].
208
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɢ
273
ɢɡ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ, ɢ ɹɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɢɞɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ
0,1 ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ (ȾɁɁ) ɢ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ). ɉɨ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ: ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫ
ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ [2].
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɛɨɪɚ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,
ɩɟɪɟɛɨɟɜ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [3] ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɛɨɟɜ.
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɵ
ɤɚɤ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (Ƚɂɋ): ɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
Ȼɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɨɞɢɧ
ɢɡ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ.
ɉɨ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɦ ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [3, 14]. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɚɥɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɦɵ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ.
ȼ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ,
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ.
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ
ɜ
ɨ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɧɵɯ
ɡɨɧɚɯ
ɢ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ
ɢ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨ-ɩɪɹɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ) ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
Ⱦɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ
ɫɬɨɤɨɜ
«ɜɨɞɚ-ɫɭɲɚ»,
ɜ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɬ.ɩ..
Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɱɬɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɯ, ɜ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦ
274
207
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ,
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ.
ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ,
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ [15]. ɂɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ
ɜɢɞɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɢɩɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɨɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɜɢɞɨɜ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɩɚɤɟɬɵ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɞɥɹ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [16] ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɨɜɚɹ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ɋɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɚ
ɨɛɡɨɪɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɞɚɬɶ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ.
[17-21].
Ȼɢɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ í ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (ɬɟɫɬ-
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ) ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
1. Ƚɥɚɡɭɧɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ, ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ.
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ȼɨɞɚ Magazine, ʋ 8 (60) 2012, ɫ. 34-36, ISSN 2020-532
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ:
ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ, ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ,
2. ɒɚɯɨɜ ɂ.ɋ. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ-
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ. 2000 ɝ. – 289 ɫ.
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɚɩɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ.
3. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ., Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ ȼ.ɇ., Ƚɥɚɡɭɧɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ: ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɆȽɍɉ, 2013, 258 ɫ., ISBN 978-5-89231-415-2
ɧɢɡɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ
4. Ɋɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 27 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 2009 ɝ. ʋ 1235-ɪ Ɉɛ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ȼɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɊɎ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɹ ɜɫɸ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
5. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨɬ 19.04.2012 n 350 "Ɉ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɠɟ
ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ "Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨ
ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2012 - 2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ".
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ
6. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜ
206
275
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
Ɍɪɭɞɵ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ» ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ȼɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɊȺɇ,
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
2001, 245 ɫ., ɬɢɪ.300 ɷɤɡ., ɫ.166-170
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
7. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ⱦɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɞɚ Magazine, ʋ 12 (16) 2008, ɫ. 40-44, ISSN 2020-3532.
(ȽɈɇɋ) ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ [1] ɢ
8. ɀɟɥɟɡɧɹɤɨɜ Ƚ. ȼ. , Ɉɜɱɚɪɨɜ ȿ. ȿ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 ɬɵɫ. ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ (ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɪɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ,
ɫɬɨɤɚ. Ɇ. : Ʉɨɥɨɫ, 1993.
ɤɨɥɨɞɰɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ
9. Ɋɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ʌɨɛɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɤ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ. – Ɍɪɭɞɵ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ: ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ȽȽɂ, 1968, ɜɵɩ. 163.
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
10. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɉ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ.
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ.
ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 1983 ɝɨɞ, N 5, ɫ.26-44 , ISSN 0321-0596
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
11. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ⱦ.ə. Ɇɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ. Ʌ., Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ,
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ: ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
1976, 255 ɫ.
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ
12. Ɇɭɡɵɥɟɜ ɋ.ȼ., ɉɪɢɜɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ȿ., Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ⱦ.ə. ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ. ɇɚɭɤɚ. 1982, 185 ɫ.
ɟɞɢɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ. ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
13. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ (ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
beta- ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ) ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɟɞɢɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ
ɫɬɨɤɚ».
Ɍɪɭɞɵ
ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ,
ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ. ɊȺɇ ɂȼɉ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ.
2012, ɬɢɪ. 200 ɷɤɡ., 488 ɫ., ɫ.141-147 , ISBN 978-5-85941-438-3
ɋɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
14. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢɤɚɡ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ: ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɆɉɊ ɊɎ ɨɬ 30 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2007 ɝ. N 314.
ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɜ
15. Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ., Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ. ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞ.
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
«ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ», 500 ɷɤɡ., 185 ɫ. (ɫ.165-176), Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2010, ISBN 978-5-89231-303-2
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
16. ɉ. Ʌɚɭɤɫ, ɂ. ȼɚɧ Ȼɢɤ ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
í ɷɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɦɭ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ. ɎȺȼɊ (Ɋɨɫɜɨɞɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ). Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2009 ɝ.
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ.
276
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
205
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɡɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɜɨɞɵ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
17.
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ
Ⱥ.ɘ.
Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ
ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ
ɜɨɞɧɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ Ƚɗɋ, 1991 257 c. : ɢɥ ɊȽȻ ɈȾ 71:94-
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ,
5/256
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ
18. Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.ȿ. ȼɨɞɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ / Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ, Ʉ.ɇ. Ȼɟɫɫɬɭɠɟɜɚ.
ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ.
Ɇ.: ɗɧɟɪɝɨɚɬɨɦɢɡɞɚɬ, 1986. 223 ɫ.
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ
19.
Ⱥɫɚɪɢɧ
Ⱥ.ȿ.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɤ, ɨɡɟɪ, ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ // ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ:
ɦɨɪɟɣ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ, ɇɈɄ, 2008. ɋ.133–138.
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ
20. ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ Ƚ.ɏ., ɉɪɨɲɥɹɤɨɜ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɚɬɤɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ȼɨɥɠɫɤɨ-Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ.
ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ, 2006 ɝɨɞ , ʋ4, ɫ.17-22.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞ ɫɭɲɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ: ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ
21. Ȼɨɥɝɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ
ɫɟɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. ȼ. Ȼɨɥɝɨɜ, ȼ. Ɇ. Ɇɢɲɨɧ, ɇ. ɂ. ɋɟɧɰɨɜɚ ; ɂȼɉ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ; ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɊȺɇ. - Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ : ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2005. - 318 ɫ. 309-315. - ISBN 5-02-032912-6.
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ; ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ.
Ɇɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ,
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ
ɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (ɪɟɤɨɝɧɨɫɰɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ) ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ.
ɉɪɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ: ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ,
ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ,
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɵɯ
204
277
ɍȾɄ 502.36:556.18
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɡɨɧ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɢɟɜ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ - ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ:
ɍȾɄ 502.52, 504.064.36, 504.064.37
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
Ƚ.ȼ. ɒɢɛɚɥɨɜɚ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ (ȼɁ) ɢ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ (ɉɁɉ). ȼ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɢɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ
ɜɵɜɨɞɵ
ɨɛ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ:
ȼɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ, ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ, ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ.
Annotation: The article describes the problem of economic activity within the
limits of water protection zone. Basic complications with which it is necessary to
clash at development of projects on establishment of scopes of the indicated areas are
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɵ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ
ɢ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
In article the primary goals of monitoring of the water objects subject to
anthropogenous influence are defined. The methods applied to an estimation of
their ecological condition are considered. Possibilities of application of the data of
remote sensing of the Earth and geoinformation technology for an estimation of an
ecological condition of water objects are described.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Keywords: monitoring, an ecological condition, anthropogenous influence,
pollution sources, remote sensing.
expounded in the article, the variants of their decision are offered, conclusions are
done about actuality of development of similar document.
Keywords:
Bank-protection
area,
off-shore
defence
zonal,
coastline,
establishment of scopes, special informative signs.
ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ «ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɢ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɨɫ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ».
Ɍɚɤɢɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɱɟɪɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ,
ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ. ȼ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ - ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ (ȼɁ) ɢ
278
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ í ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɧɚ
ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ, ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɯ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
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ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ȼȽɍ, ɫɟɪɢɹ: “ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ (ɉɁɉ), ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ”, 2012, ʋ 2 – ɋ.106-110
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
16. A.N. Kudinov, O.I. Krylova, V.P. Tsvetkov, I.V. Tsvetkov Mathematical
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭ ɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
model of multifractal dynamics and global warming//Eurasian Mathematical
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. ɇɟ ɪɟɞɤɨ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
Journal. VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2, 2014. P 52-60.
ɡɨɧ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɭɫɚɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɢɥɢ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɚɲɤɚ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡ. ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. ɋɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ,
ɬ.ɤ. ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ȼɁ,
ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɟɫɬɢɫɶ
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ. ɑɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɥɚɫɢɣ.
ɉɨɤɚ ɢɞɭɬ ɫɩɨɪɵ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ.
ɂɡ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ, ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɥ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɢɥɭ, ɚ
ɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ. Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ – ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɭ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ. ɉɨ ɫɭɬɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ, ɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨ ɦɨɟɦɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȼɨɞɧɨɦɭ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɭ ɊɎ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
202
279
ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ,
3. MacArthur R.H. Fluctuations of animal populations, and measure of community
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɥɶɞɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ
stability // Ecology. 1955. V. 36. ʋ7. P. 353-356.
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
4. Hurlbert S.H. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɷɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜ
parameters // Ecology. V. 52. ʋ4. P. 577-586.
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ
5. Benoit B. Mandelbrot A Multifractal Walk Down Wall Street// Scientific
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ.
American. Feb. 1999 pp 70-73.
ɇɚɧɟɫɹ ɷɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ.
6. Brillouin L. Science and information theory. - New York: Academic Press,
ɗɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɞɨɱɟɬɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ
1956. - 320 p.
ɪɹɞɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɤ ɊɎ. ȼ
7. Ɋɟɧɶɢ Ⱥ. Ɍɪɢɥɨɝɢɹ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. — Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1980. — 376 ɫ.
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ (ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ «ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ»), ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨ
8. Rényi entropy as a measure of entanglement in quantum spin chain: F.
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ. ɉɥɸɫ ɤɨ
Franchini, A. R. Its, V. E. Korepin, Journal of Physics A: Math. Theor. 41 (2008)
ɜɫɟɦɭ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ
025302.
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ 30 ɥɟɬ, ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ
9. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɂ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɜ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ. ɇɟ ɪɟɞɤɨ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ:
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ. Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɬ.
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ – Ɍɜɟɪɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɌɜȽɭ, 1998. – ȼɵɩ.1 – ɋ. 145-155
Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ, ɤɚɤ
10. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. ɋɦɟɬɚɧɢɧ ȼ. ɂ. Ɍɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ // ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2013. - ʋ1. – ɋ. 11-16
ɷɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ
11.Kudinov A.N., Tsvetkov V.P. and Tsvetkov I.V. Catastrophes in the Multi-
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɤɥɨɧɵ
Fractal Dynamics of Social-Economic Systems. Russian Journal of Mathematical
ɞɧɚ, ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɵ, ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ,
Physics, 2011, v.18, ʋ2, p.149-155.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɦɢ.
12. Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɫɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ, Ɍ.Ɋ. Ɉɫɨɤɢɧɚ, Ɍ.Ʉ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɲ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɞɥɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ/
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ. ȼ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ, ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɦ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. - 2010. - ȼɵɩ. 51: ɋɟɪ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜ. ɢ ɷɤɨɧ.
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ, ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ 1:10000. ȼ
ɧɚɭɤɢ. - ɋ. 13-20
ɥɭɱɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2 ɦɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ
13. Ȼɵɤ Ɏ.Ʌ., Ʉɢɬɭɲɢɧ ȼ.Ƚ., ɉɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨ 10 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɂ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɬɨɱɧɚɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. “Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ”, ʋ5, 2007ɝ. ɋ.3
ɬɨɩɨɤɚɪɬɚ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ. ɇɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɬɨɩɨɤɚɪɬɭ,
14. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ ɇ.ɂ. ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɨɩɹɬɶ ɠɟ, ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ,1991, ʋ3.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɨɞɟ ɛɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ
280
15. ȿ. ɇ. Ⱦɟɫɹɬɢɪɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɘ. Ʌɚɜɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ. ɇ. Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
201
ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɬ, ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɧɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ. Ⱦɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, [13]
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨ-ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɜ
ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ
ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɧɭɠɧɵ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɹ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɥɢɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɧɚ ɟɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɬ, ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ.
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɧɚ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ
ɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɢɯ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɩɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɪɹɞɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜɡɹɬɵɦ ɢɡ «ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɣ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ», ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɨɫɬɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɥɶɞɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɚ. ɇɚ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ.
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭ, ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ
ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ, ɩɨ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɡɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ. ɉɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɬɵ, ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ “ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ” ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɛɵɥɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɛɥɢɡɤɢ
ɤ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ.
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ,
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ.
ɤɨɫɦɨɫɧɢɦɤɢ
ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ,
ɨɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ
ɤ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɥɢɧɢɢ,
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ.
1. Ⱦɭɛɨɜɢɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ɇ., ɋɬɚɪɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ȼ. ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɸɚɧɫ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɗȺɂ ɆɂɎɂ «ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ
ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɚ, ɧɟ
ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ». Ɇ, 2007 ɋ.58 – 64
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ȽɌɋ.
2. Ⱦ.Ȼ. Ƚɟɥɚɲɜɢɥɢ, Ƚ.ɋ. Ɋɨɡɟɧɛɟɪɝ, Ⱦ.ɂ. ɂɭɞɢɧ ɢ ɫɨɚɜɬ.; Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ.
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɬɟɦɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɹ ɜɢɠɭ ɢ
Ɇɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ȼɢɨɫɮɟɪɚ», 2013, ɬ. 5,
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɧɚ
ʋ 2. ɋ. 143 - 159
200
281
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɚ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɚ.
Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ,
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ. Ⱦɨɦɚ ɫɬɨɹɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡ (ɪɢɫ.1). Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɉɁɉ, ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ – 30 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɇɟ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɜ 10-15 ɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɋɢɫ.2 Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɟɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, [8].
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ, ɢɥɢ
ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɞɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɟ.
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 1 ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɂ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵ, ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɉɁɉ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɵ.
ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɤɨɜ».
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɡ. ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. ɉɪɨɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
282
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨɬ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ
ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ, ɧɨ, ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɬɨ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ
ɜ
ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
(ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ). ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɠɟ
ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
199
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
§ uDx ·
¨¨ vD ¸¸
x ¹
©
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ,
ɤɚɤ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢɥɢ “ɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ” ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ,
(ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ), ɜ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ {Ɋ(D); (Q)} ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ
ɩɪɹɦɵɟ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ Dk ɢ Do. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
§ u Dx ·
¸¸
¨¨
© v Dx ¹
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɭ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (5) ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ
W = k(D)R + b
(6)
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ D0 ɢ Dk, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ Į, ɩɪɢ Į>0, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ:
QW || P ɝɞɟ
Ɋ
-
n
§ n pD
·
1
1
log¨¨ ¦ Di1 Di 1¸¸
log ¦ piD qi1D Di 1
D 1 © i 1 qi
i 1
¹ D 1
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ, ɡɧɚɤ «ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ» ɢ ɡɧɚɤ «ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɚɹ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ».
Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɯɨɱɭ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ, ɢ ɫɚɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɪɚɞɨɜɚɬɶ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ. ɇɨ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɫɶ, ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ.
ȼ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ȼɁ ɢ ɉɁɉ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ - ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ, ɷɬɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɲɚɝ ɤ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɸ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɜɢɞ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ:
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɫ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɦɢ, ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɬ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɞɨɦɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɥɟɟ 15-20 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɭɪɟɡɚ ɜɨɞɵ (Ɋɢɫ. 1).
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ,
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
N H ; Ni – i-ɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ;
N(İ)
-
ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ; qi – ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ.
198
ɜ
ɡɨɧɵ ɪɚɜɧɚ 200 ɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɥɵɦɢ
(7)
–ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ; Pi –
Ni
Ⱥɧɝɪɚɩɚ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 50 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ; Į
pi
ɪɟɤɢ
Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɑɟɪɧɹɯɨɜɫɤ. ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ; Ⱥ –
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ,
ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ
283
ɍȾɄ 631: 623.83
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ, ɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ Ɋɟɧɶɢ
ɪɚɜɧɵ H q ( X ) = log2 n . ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɬ q, [7]. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ X – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɫ
ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ, n – ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɢɡ
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥɛɞɭɦɚɧɚɩ , ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ,
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɪ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɒɟɧɧɨɧɚ, [6]:
Ɍɚɪɚɡɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ɏ. Ⱦɭɥɚɬɢ
n
H = ¦ Pi log2 Pi
ɝ.Ɍɚɪɚɡ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ.
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ
(4)
i 1
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɝɞɟ ‫݌‬௜ ൌ
௫೔
ି σ೙
೔సభ ௫೔
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɨɥɟ) ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ) ɛɢɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ, [4,7].
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɭ ɉɢɥɭ (ɉɢɟɥɭ). ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɉɢɥɭ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ
ɧɚ
(ɉɢɟɥɭ), ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɒɟɧɧɨɧɚ, (6) ɦɟɠɞɭ 0 ɢ 1.
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ.
Ɍɚɤɨɣ
The state, development and prospects of applying hydrocyclonic and filtrocyclonic
ɫɦɵɫɥ
ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ
ɬɨɱɟɤ
ɧɚ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ
ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ – P(D). Ⱥɛɫɰɢɫɫɚ ɬɨɱɟɤ Q ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ
pump installations for cleaning natural and sewer water of manufacturing enterprises
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ
from sediment and other light impurities are highlight in this article. The dynamics of
ɩɨɞɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɞɨɥɢ)
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɬɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɨɝɨ
Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
improvement of construction the installations able to divide multicomponent
hydroslurries into her separate constituents is shown.
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ
Ɋɟɧɶɢ
(R)
ɨɬ
ɨɛɳɟɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ
(W).
Ⱦɥɹ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ q ɢɦɟɟɦ:
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɲɟɫɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ
Wq R u || v Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɧɚ
1
D 1
log 2
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ (ɫɩɨɫɨɛ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ-ɀɚɧɝɚɪɢɧɚ) [1,2], ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
xX
D
§ u Dx ·
¸¸
© v Dx ¹
¦ u Dx D ¦ Dx vD ¨¨
(5)
xX
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ,
Ƚɞɟ u(D) ɢ v(D) – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ.
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɟ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ
ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ [3], Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɢ [4] ,
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɚɯɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɟ.
284
197
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (2), ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:
ɋɒȺ [5] ɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɠɚɧɟ [6]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ [7,8,9,10,11].
y(t)=X(D)·(t – ti) + ~yi (t)
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ
(2)
ɧɚɫɨɫɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɭ ɡɚɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ (9) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ
ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ) ɨɬ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ,
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ɂɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ (ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ) ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ.
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɟ
ɜ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
(ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ),
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɥɢɛɨ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɧɟɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɨɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɦɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢɛɨ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɥɸɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ
ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ,
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫ
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɢ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɨɜ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ.
ȼ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ Ɋɟɧɶɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ
ɒɟɧɧɨɧɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ Ɋɟɧɶɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ q, ɝɞɟ q•0, q1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ
n
1
Hq =
log2 (¦ Pi q )
1 q
i 1
ɡɚɩɚɫ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ. ɋɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 7-8 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɢɠɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ. ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɧɚɩɨɪɚ) ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ
0,5 ɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 2-3 ɦ. ɜɨɞ. ɫɬ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ,ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɛɨɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 4-5 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɗɬɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ, ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɫɢɮɨɧɚ, ɞɸɤɟɪɚ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [12,13,14].
ȼ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ
(3)
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɦ, ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
ɝɞɟ pi - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ {x1, x2 ... xn}
196
285
Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ, ɜ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɚɯ, ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɟ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤ
ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ
ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɢ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ, ɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɩɭɫɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ. Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ
ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ,
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɚɪɚɧɚ [14] ɩɪɨɥɢɥɚ ɫɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
[11,16]
ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ.
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ
(ɡɚɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ)
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ: ɉɭɫɬɶ y(t) ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɜ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ti
(i=1,2,3…n) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ Di.
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ. ȼɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ «ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ + ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ» ɢ ɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ «ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ +
ɠɢɞɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ +ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ» (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɩɟɫɨɤ + ɜɨɞɚ+ ɧɟɮɬɶ) ɧɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ [15,16,17].
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ
ɤɚɦɟɪɚ,
ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜɞɨɥɶ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɫɢ
Ɍɨɝɞɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ Xi ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ
(t), ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɭ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ Ti ɫ ɧɭɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ
Di, ɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ Ti
(t0i < t < t0i+1, Ti=t0i+1-t0i) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ:
yi t yi t ~
yi t ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɨɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɧɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɳɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
.
(1)
ɝɞɟ - yi (t) – ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɞ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɢ ɜ
yi
ɝɥɚɞɤɨ;
~
yi (t) – ɛɵɫɬɪɵɟ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ.
ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ
ɜɚɤɭɭɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɱɬɨ
| yi (t)|>>
~
| yi (t)|
ɢ
ɤɪɢɜɚɹ
y(t)
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ. Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ yi (t) ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
~
ɪɚɜɧɭɸ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɚ yi (t) – ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ D.
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɭɥɶɩɵ (ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ)
Ɇɟɪɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ǻi =maxʜ
~
yi (t)ʜ ɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ) ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ,
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ Di. ɇɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ.
ɨɛɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ǻ= maxǻi , i=1…n.
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
~
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ y (t) ɢ y (t) ɛɵɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ (1) ɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ ɭɝɥɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ X ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ
y (t) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ D, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ X = X(D).
ɜɚɤɭɭɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ
286
195
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ, ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ, ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɢ
ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ, ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɫɵ, ɫɝɭɳɚɬɶ ɩɭɥɶɩɭ, ɨɱɢɳɚɬɶ (ɨɫɜɟɬɥɹɬɶ)
ɠɢɞɤɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɨɬ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɟɣ [18].
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɄɉȾ) ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɄɉȾ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɨɫɚ.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɄɉȾ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ, ɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɢ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɚɝɨɦ (ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ),
ɱɬɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɸ) ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2. ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɢ
ɜ
ɯɨɞɟ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɥɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ
“ɫɤɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ” ɧɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜ 2014ɝ. –
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ – ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɦ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ
ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɵ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2) ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ.
ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ (ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨ
ɮɚɡɚɦ, ɨɬɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɭɥɶɩɭ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɚɡɵ, ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɸ ɢ
ɬ.ɩ. ).
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɦ,
ɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ,
194
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɟ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
(Ƚɐɋɇɍ)
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɢ ɧɚɫɨɫ, ɧɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ, ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ [2,12…25], ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ:
Ɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɫ ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ;
Ɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ (ɩɭɥɶɩɵ) ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ, ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ;
Ɣ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɮɚɡɧɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ
ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ;
Ɣ ɭɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɧɨɫɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ, ɩɥɚɜɭɱɢɯ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ;
ɜ
287
Ɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ. Ɋɵɜɤɢ ɪɭɥɟɦ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ-ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɭɸ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ;
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɧɨɫ.
Ɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɲɚɯɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɨɞɰɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɢ
ɉɭɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɢ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ
ɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɩɵ;
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. ɏɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɫ
(ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ, ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢ, ɫɝɭɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ,
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ
ɨɫɜɟɬɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ );
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ
Ɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɮɚɡɧɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɰɟɧɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ;
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
Ɣ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ
ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ;
Ɣ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɦɭ
ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɭ.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ
Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ. ɇɨ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ƚɐɋɇɍ,
ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ;
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ
Ɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ Ƚɐɋɇɍ ɫ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɥɨɬɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ;
ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ: ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɱɭɬɤɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
Ɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɚɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɚɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ (ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɬɢɩ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ + ɠɢɪ (ɧɟɮɬɶ ) + ɜɨɞɚ) ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ.
ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ( Ƚɐɇɍ) – ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɲɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ
ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ
ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ Ƚɐɇɍ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ [19].
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɥɢɤ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɪɨɫɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɜ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ
ɢ
ɫɟɥɚɯ.
ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɨ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ɋɚɡɨɜɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ,
ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɢɯ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
288
193
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ – ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɟɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨ- ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ (ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ) ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɧɨɫɭ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ
ɧɟɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɜɡɜɟɫɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,1 ɦɦ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ.
ɝ/ɥ. Ⱥ ɜ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɜɨɢ
ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ
ɫɪɨɤɢ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ.
ɉɪɢɱɟɦ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ
(ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɟ) ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ 2-3 ɦɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ.
ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɨ
ȼ
Ɍɚɪɚɡɫɤɨɦ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ
ɢɦɟɧɢ
Ɇ.ɏ.Ⱦɭɥɚɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ [20,21,22]. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ,
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɢ
ɢ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɧɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɦɢ
ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ. ɑɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ [23,24]. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ, ɢ,
ɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɦɟɫɢ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ. ɉɨɞ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɪ, ɦɚɫɥɚ,
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɟɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ.
ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ,
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɵ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ
(ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ + ɜɨɞɚ + ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ) ɩɨ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ,
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɢ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɣɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
[25,26]. Ɉɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ (ɦɚɫɥɨɜ, ɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ) ɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɨ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɹɦ, ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɟɯɚɬɶ ɫ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɂ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɢɥɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ -
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., ɀɚɧɝɚɪɢɧ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɢɞɪɚɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɟ. Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɂɊ ɜ 1967 ɝɨɞɭ.Ɇ.Ʌ.1969.ɫ 829-831.
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɤɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ – ɥɭɱɲɚɹ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɚ — ɷɬɨ ɟɯɚɬɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ
192
289
2. Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ. Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ
ɍȾɄ 51-76
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ .- Ɍɚɪɚɡ «ɋɟɧɢɦ» 2011.- 296 ɫ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɟɝɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ)
3. ɋɷɪɢɞɡɚɜɚ Ɍɨɤɭɞɡɢ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɨɫ . əɩɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 17512
(Ɂɚɹɜ.24.05.1907) ɨɬ 16.VI 1970.- Ɋɟɮ.ɠ.«ɇɚɫɨɫɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɊȽȺɍ-ɆɋɏȺ
, ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ».-Ɇ.,1972,ʋ 2.
ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, Ⱥ. ɇ. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ
4. ɏɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɏɪɢɫɬɨ ɂɜ., ɂɧɥɠɨɜɚ ɘɥɹɧɚ. Ɉɬɫɬɪɚɧɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɂ.Ɇ. ɀɨɝɢɧ, ɂ. ȼ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ ɩɨɦɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɞɨɜɟɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɯɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.-
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ -
ɏɚɣɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ,1973,ʋ6.ɋ.8-12.
ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
5. Better then a cyclone ceparator / Indusnrial watter engineering, 1977, V.14, P.8.
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
6. ȿɪɲɨɜ ȼ.ɉ., Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɟɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ., Ƚɭɬɦɚɧ Ȼ.Ɇ. ȼɚɤɭɭɦɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɩɟɫɤɚ. «ɇɟɮɬɹɧɢɤ», Ȼɚɤɭ, 1978, ʋ 7.- ɋ.23.
7.
ɉɚɬɟɧɬ
ʋ
2228997ɋ2RU.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ // Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜ Ƚ.Ʌ., Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ Ɉ.Ƚ., ɨɩɭɛ.
2008,Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 14.
8. ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 2205260RU.ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɵ // Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜ Ƚ.Ʌ., Ⱦɟɝɬɹɪɟɜɚ Ɉ.Ƚ., ɨɩɭɛ. 2008,Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
9. Ɍɟɪɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ƚ., Ʉɭɬɟɩɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.-Ɇ., «ɇɚɭɤɚ», 1994,
349 ɫ.
10. Ʉɪɹɠɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɇ Ɏ., Ʉɪɹɠɟɜɫɤɢɯ Ɏ.ɇ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ.-Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ, ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹ Ʉɭɛɚɧɶ», 2000, 365 ɫ.
11. ȼɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɨ-ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɉɨɞ
ɪɟɞ. Ɇ.Ƚ.ɀɭɪɛɵ.- Ɇ.ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ «Ⱥɫɬɪɟɥɶ ɢ Ⱥɫɬ», 2003, 569 ɫ.
12. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20085 ɄZ. ɋɢɮɨɧ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2008,
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɝɞɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɧɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ
ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɟ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ
ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ Ɋɟɧɶɢ.
In this work we describe a mathematical model of system development control
where the indicative parameters of response of a system to control actions is
multifractal system phase dynamics. For clarity, we represent a graphical
interpretation in the form of a multifractal phase diagram. In order to determine
any any probablistic variability of system response as well as estimation of its
flexibility and reliability during changing between its attractive states, we offer to
use the multifunctional Renyi spectrum.
Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
ɐɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ
13. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20086 ɄZ. Ⱦɸɤɟɪ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2008,
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ
Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
14.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɚɬɟɧɬ
ʋ
20091
ɄZ.
ȼɨɞɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɷɬɨɦ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2008, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 9.
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
290
191
15. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20782 ɄZ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ //
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., Ⱦɠɭɦɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ⱥ., Ɇɭɫɚɟɜ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɨɜɚ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱦ.Ⱥ.,
1. URL http://www.mchs.gov.ru, ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ 29.07.2015.
Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 2.
2. URL https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ_ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ
16. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20781 ɄZ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ //
29.07.2015
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɨɜɚ Ⱥ., Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱦ.Ⱥ., Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 2.
3. URL www.nasharyazan.info ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ 29.07.2015
17. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 21103 ɄZ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ.
4. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬ 29 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2014
Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 4.
18.
ɝɨɞɚ ʋ315
5. V. P. Tsvetkov, I.V.Tsvetkov, A.N.Kudinov, Catastrophes in the Multi-
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ
Ⱥ.
ɋɬɪɭɣɧɵɟ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ.
Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ
ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ.-Ɍɚɪɚɡ
«ɋɟɧɢɦ»,2011.-200ɫ.
Fractal Dynamics of Social-Economic Systems, Russian Journal of
19. Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ., Ʉɚɫɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ɇ.ɂ., Ɇɚɧɚɤɛɚɟɜ Ȼ.Ʉ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
Mathematical Physics, ʋ 2, ɫ. 149-155, 2011
ɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.Materialy IV mezin-arodni
ɂ. ȼ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɋɟɞɶɦɵɟ
Ʉɭɪɞɸɦɨɜɫɤɢɟ
ɱɬɟɧɢɹ:
ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ
ɜ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤɚɯ. Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, Ɍɜɟɪɶ: ɌɜȽɍ, 2011, ɫ. 274-276.
vedecko-prakticka conference «Veda: Teorie A PRAXE-2008» Dil.12 Technicke
vedy.Praha, 2008, p.29…33.
20. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 21102 ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ // Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.,
ɀɨɥɞɚɫɨɜ ɋ., ɀɨɥɚɦɚɧɨɜ ɇ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 4.
21. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20966 ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ // Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.,
Ɋɭɫɬɟɦ ȿ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 3.
22. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 21448
ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ.
Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 7.
23. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 20825 ɄZ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ //
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ. Ⱥ., Ⱦɠɭɦɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ⱥ., Ɇɭɫɚɟɜ Ⱥ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 7.
24.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɚɬɟɧɬ
ʋ
21447
ɄZ.
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ
ɳɥɚɦɨɠɢɪɨɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ. Ɉɩɭɛ.2009, Ȼɸɥɶ. ʋ 7.
25. 100 ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɚ.- Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, ɄɚɡɇɌɍ,2010.309ɫ. (ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ : Ʉ.ɒɢɥɢɛɟɤ, ɇ.ɀɨɥɚɦɨɧɨɜ ).
26. ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. Ɍ.XIII.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ, ɤɧ 2.
Ɉɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɚɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ //Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ: Ⱦɠɭɦɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ⱥ,
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɦɚɧɨɜ.Ⱥ, ɀɚɧɝɭɠɢɧɨɜ ȿ.Ɇ., ɂɛɪɚɟɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ.- Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ , 2012.-324 ɫ.
190
291
ɍȾɄ 631.062.2(477)
Ɍɨɬ ɠɟ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȼɈȾɈɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɄȺɏɈȼɋɄɈɃ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɈɊɈɋɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆȿ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɨ Ɉɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
Ʌ.Ɇ. Ȼɭɥɚɟɧɤɨ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɫɟɬɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɛɨɥɨɬ Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȿ ȼɕɋɒȿȿ ɍɑȿȻɇɈȿ ɁȺȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ «ɏȿɊɋɈɇɋɄɂɃ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ. ɗɬɨ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ», ɝ. ɏɟɪɫɨɧ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ,
Ɇ.ȼ. ȼɟɪɞɵɲ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
ɥɢɛɨ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɨ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɪɢɫɤɭ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
The paper presents the determination of the irrigation system, the data on the
various stages of reclamation science, identified the peculiarities of the Kakhovka
irrigation system. With the scorecard analyzes of water allocation in the Kakhovka
irrigation system, determined the effect of various factors on it.
Keywords: irrigation, irrigation systems, water management, indicators, water
utilities.
Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɞɚɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (Ɉɋ),
ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ Ɉɋ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
Ɋɢɫ 2 Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ș ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɡɚɛɨɪɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɥɚɝɭ [1].
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ɉɋ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ș ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫ.2.
ɟɺ
ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɫɭɬɶ,
ɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ
ɥɢɲɶ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɢɥɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ Ɋɢɫ.2 ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ.
Ɉɩɵɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ (4) ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɥɨɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
292
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ.
189
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɟɺ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ
ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɗɬɚ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɤɢ,
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ Ɉɋ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɺ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɋɢɫ. 1 Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ.
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɢ
ɫɟɬɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɫɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ, ɛɥɢɡɤɚɹ ɤ ɪɭɫɥɭ Ɉɤɢ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɨɬ ɜ Ɇɟɳɟɪɫɤɨɣ
ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɺɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɑɬɨ ɜɤɭɩɟ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɟ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ ɢ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ.
ɇɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ.
188
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ,
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ [2]. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ,
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ,
ɧɚ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ,
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɏɟɪɫɨɧɫɤɨɣ
ɢ
Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ 780 ɬɵɫ. ɝɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
- ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 210-230 ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ, ɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ – 500-800 ɦɥɧ.ɦ3;
-
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
293
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ (ɄɉȾ) ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ 0,90, ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡɧɨɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ;
ɂɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɞɥɹ ǻh ɢ și ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
- ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – D. ȿɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɟɡɤɨɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ;
ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
- ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ;
- ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɨɣ
ɭɫɥɭɝɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɜɨɤɪɭɝ
Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɚ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ. ɋ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɫɟɬɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ BMP, ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɬɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɟɥɵɯ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɍȽɄɆɄ), ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɭɸ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ, ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɨɞɨɜɵɞɟɥɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɲɚɝɢ ɫɟɬɤɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ.
Ɋɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ (ɍȼɏ),
lnN = – D lnį + lnA.
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɬ
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ «ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ» ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ
ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɨɞɨɜɵɞɟɥɚ – ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɏɟɪɫɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ (9 ɍȼɏ) ɢ Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɨɝɨ (2 ɍȼɏ) ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɡɚɛɢɪɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɟɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
294
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɪɟɤ, ɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɪɟɤ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ
ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɹɦ ɪɟɤɢ (ɚ ɨɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ) ɬɨ
ɛɪɚɥɨɫɶ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ
ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɹɥɫɹ.
187
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ D0 = 1, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ k ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɥɹ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜ
ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
ɜɨɞɵ ș1,2 ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢ 1 ɢ 2, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
T1, 2
'h1
'h2
D1 1
D2 1
(2)
ȼɵɛɪɚɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ 2 ɡɚ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɭɸ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ,
T i T i,2
'hi
'h2
Di 1
D2 1
(3)
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ D2 ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1,19. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ (3) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
Ĭi = 5,387·(Di – 1)
(4)
Ʌɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ și ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ
i
–
ɬɨɣ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ și ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ Di. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ.
186
Ƚɨɞ
ɵ
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ƚɨɪɧɨɫɬɚɟɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɇɨɜɨɬɪɨɢɰɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɐɸɪɭɩɢɧɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɑɚɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ƚɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
2010
2011
Ɇɟɥɢɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɟ
2012
ɍȼɏ
2013
2014
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚ
ɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɩɨɥɢɜɚ,
ɬɵɫ.ɝɚ
ɩɥɚɧ
ɮɚɤɬ
29,28
29,80
29,86
29,70
30,79
28,73
28,14
28,14
29,72
29,72
17,32
17,22
17,54
17,74
17,92
44,82
44,93
45,14
47,26
48,71
1,54
1,54
1,33
1,51
1,58
34,55
28,38
28,57
29,09
34,55
13,90
14,53
14,54
14,83
15,33
20,50
20,50
20,70
21,00
21,00
13,66
14,16
14,45
15,49
15,65
12,20
12,20
12,31
12,61
12,48
120766
135063
145700
151934
162994
90925
86903
103849
107145
98147
60430
59355
52678
48146
48144
93264
94596
103095
104981
107930
4680
5742
5473
5445
6531
66221
79806
73205
78446
78155
30700
36269
36200
41808
39496
48221
44771
45269
45361
47650
34414
32007
22282
22282
22282
44083
32220
22680
31300
34600
95231
122262
133813
127017
120602
71799
82062
101090
102828
124686
50323
45472
58468
65447
75390
73200
111906
130114
136971
147073
4173
3771
3876
6373
6008
80182
106642
120530
119228
140898
32809
47868
51224
60391
60184
37670
47613
48435
50416
47958
11530
18121
17708
21438
16924
15126
13315
19862
24308
26094
ȼɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ,
ɬɵɫ.ɦ3
ɄɉȾ
295
1
1
1
1
1
0,85
0,80
0,72
0,89
0,88
0,99
0,98
0,95
0,99
0,97
0,94
0,96
0,93
0,96
0,97
0,91
1
0,98
1
1
1,03
0,97
1,02
0,96
1,05
1,08
1,00
0,96
0,99
0,99
0,90
0,94
0,93
0,95
0,98
0,63
0,66
0,60
0,70
0,63
0,73
0,62
0,68
0,70
0,73
Ʉɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ,
ɬɵɫ.ɦ3/ɝɚ
5,9
7,9
9,0
8,6
7,3
3,25
4,10
4,48
4,28
3,92
2,92
3,59
3,46
4,19
3,68
2,62
3,39
3,73
4,25
3,89
1,63
2,49
2,88
2,90
3,02
2,71
2,49
2,91
4,20
3,79
2,32
3,76
4,22
4,10
4,08
2,36
3,29
3,52
4,07
3,93
1,84
2,32
2,34
2,40
2,25
0,84
1,28
1,23
1,38
1,08
1,24
1,09
1,61
1,93
2,09
7,1
9,0
9,7
10,2
8,6
5,5
6,9
8,1
8,5
8,2
3,3
5,3
5,2
5,3
5,3
5,7
5,1
5,9
8,4
7,9
4,5
5,5
6,4
7,7
7,1
3,8
5,9
5,2
6,8
6,5
4,8
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,5
2,1
3,0
3,0
3,2
2,9
2,9
2,3
3,3
3,7
4,0
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɡɟɪ ɜ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
«ɫɬɚɪɢɰɚɯ» [3].
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ – ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ȼ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2,8 ɬɵɫ.ɦ3/ɝɚ, ɚ
ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ,
3
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ 4,8 ɬɵɫ.ɦ /ɝɚ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ –
ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡɴɹɧ – ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
5,7 ɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɢ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ [5], ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɞɨ 10 ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɟɡɨɧ. ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɟ
ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɄɉȾ ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɍȼɏ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ, ɚ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ [6].
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɟɝɨ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ
ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɩɨ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯ
ɤ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ [5], ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ǻh ɨɬ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ X
ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ T. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ X ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ D ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɦ: ǻh
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – ɉɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ
Ƚɨɞ
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
ɉɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɬɵɫ.ɦ3
716655
729630
748148
767231
812721
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ, ɬɵɫ.ɦ3
540031
711912
811300
831853
822327
= X·T. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ X(D) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɛɢɱɧɵɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ [5]. ȼ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ǻh = Ș ·T ·(D – D0). ɍɞɨɛɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ
ɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ k = Ș ·T
Ɍɨɝɞɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ǻh
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ:
ǻh = k·(D0 – D)
(1)
ɝɞɟ D0 ɢ k – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɭɜɹɡɤɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (1) ɤ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ.
(ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ) ɫ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ k ɪɚɜɟɧ Ș ·T, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ Ș, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ,
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɚɹɧɢɹ ɫɧɟɝɨɜ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
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ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɨɤɲɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 801 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚ 41 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪ.
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ >@>@
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɢɝɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ
ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ «ɉɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɯ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ» ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 29 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɨ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ʋ315 ɨɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
«Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɢ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ 2015-2020 ɝɨɞɚɯ». Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
ɨɬ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ
ɢ
ɢɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜɨɞ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ [4].
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ
ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ:
1)
ȼɥɚɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ;
2)
ɉɪɨɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ;
3)
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɹɧɢɹ ɫɧɟɝɚ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ
500 ɦɦ ɜ ɝɨɞ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ – 400 ɦɦ. [2]
Ɋɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ,
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ, ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɤɢ. ɉɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ – ɫɜɵɲɟ 500 ɤɦ.
ɂɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɉɤɟ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɯ (Ɉɤɚ – 4,5-6 ɤɦ/ɱ;
ɉɪɚ – 4 ɤɦ/ɱ; Ɇɨɤɲɚ - 3,5 ɤɦ/ɱ). ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
184
ɉɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚɦɢ ɨ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚ 5 ɞɧɟɣ
ɩɨɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɹɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ
ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ, ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɟ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ. Ɂɚ
ɞɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɜɚ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɛ ɨɩɥɚɬɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɹɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ,
ɨɩɥɚɬɚ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ: ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɜɥɚɝɨɣ;
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɥɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ; ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ;
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɯ
ɡɟɦɥɹɯ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɫɟɜɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ [5];
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɦ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɚ; ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚ, ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ [6],[7].
297
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɟɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɟɣ, ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɪɚɜɟɧ
ɢɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚ ɜɵɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ (ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɞɟɤɚɞɚ). ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ «ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɦ». Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨ ɍȼɏ ɢɥɢ
ɍȽɄɆɄ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ:
- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ:
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ܹ˗˃ˍ˕
‫ ˅ܭ‬ൌ
ܹ˒ˎ˃ː ɑɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ-ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-
ɝɞɟ Wɮɚɤɬ , Wɩɥɚɧ – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ (ɦ3);
ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɤɚ Ɉɤɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɤ ɉɪɨɧɹ, ɉɚɪɚ, ɉɪɚ, Ɇɨɤɲɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɆɄ):
‫˅ܭ‬Ǥʛʙ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ܹ˗˃ˍ˕ʛʙ
ൌ
ܹ˒ˎ˃ːʛʙ
ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ, ɦ3.
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɦ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɜɧɨ 1. ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɟɟ
298
ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɪɚɣɨɧɵ
ɋɚɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɒɚɰɤɢɣ.
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɫɫ-ɫɥɭɠɛɵ Ɇɑɋ ɩɨ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ
ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɟɥɨɤ Ʉɚɞɨɦ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ Ɇɨɤɲɚ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ,
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ʉɚɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 760 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɭɥɢɰ ɢ ɫɨɬɧɢ
ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɚɩɪɟɥɟ 2012 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ
47 ɭɥɢɰ ɢ 1148 ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ 3545 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ;
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ Ʉɚɞɨɦɫɤɢɣ, ȿɪɦɢɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ, Ʉɚɫɢɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɋɩɚɫɫɤɢɣ,
ɝɞɟ WɮɚɤɬɆɄ – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ , WɩɥɚɧɆɄ – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ
183
ɂɡɞɚɧɵ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ
-
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɍȼɏ
ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ:
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
‫ ˓ܭ‬ൌ ͳ െ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
௄˅ ି௄˅Ǥʛʙ
௄˅Ǥʛʙ
- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢɡ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ):
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ
‫˓ܭ‬ʛʙ ൌ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ – ɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
σ௄௣
௡
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɢ
ɢ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜ ɜ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ, ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɩɪɟɞɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ
ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ). ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ (2010-2014 ɝɝ.) ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ,
ɷɬɢɯ ɥɟɬ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ (ɦɦ) ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ
ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦɢ (%) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
- ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ: ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ
ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ (Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ), ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɄɉȾ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 39, 6 ɬɵɫ. ɤȼ. ɤɦ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɸɝ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 225 ɤɦ, ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 250
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɦ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ 01.01.2015 ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1 135,4
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɬɵɫ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ [2].
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ,
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ 895 ɪɟɤ, 2837 ɨɡɟɪ ɢ 1230 ɛɨɥɨɬ.
ɉɚɜɨɞɤɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ
ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. [3]
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɭ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ,
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɢɥɵ (ɨɬ -0,14 ɭ ɍȽɄɆɄ ɞɨ -0,7 ɭ Ƚɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɍȼɏ) ɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɐɸɪɭɩɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɍȼɏ, ɝɞɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ.
182
299
Ƚɨɞ
2010
2011
2013
2012
300
2014
0,73
0,73
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
0,77
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
0,83
0,84
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
0,92
0,93
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
0,91
0,96
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ (Ʉɪ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧ. ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɪɆɄ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɦ. (Ɉɫ) /ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, %
0,79
ɍȽɄɆɄ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ʉɜ)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ (ɄɜɆɄ)
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
0,97
1,05
0,82
1,27
0,89
0,96
1,00
0,97
0,74
0,94
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
0,78
1,26
0,83
0,86
1,36
0,78
0,61
1,40
0,65
1,36
0,78
1,18
1,11
0,56
0,96
0,97
1,32
0,78
0,77
1,56
ɇɨɜɨɬɪɨɢɰɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
Ƚɨɪɧɨɫɬɚɟɜɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
0,91
0,39
1,21
0,76
0,97
0,63
1,33
598,4 / 7%
0,72
0,75
0,48
1,65
0,59
1,52
1,80
0,28
0,68
340,1/72%
1,01
342,7/ 68%
0,73
1,08
0,78
503,4 / 21%
1,08
0,50
1,52
0,70
1,46
0,69
1,42
0,65
1,31
0,57
1,07
0,99
1,00
0,97
1,11
0,99
1,06
0,93
1,06
0,98
0,78
0,75
0,72
0,67
0,72
0,74
0,79
0,59
0,57
0,44
0,33
0,74
0,71
0,71
0,77
0,81
0,87
0,48
0,41
0,46
0,34
Ɇɟɥɢɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɑɚɩɥɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ Ƚɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
ɍȼɏ
ɍȼɏ
ɍȼɏ
240,3 / 99%
0,92
0,92
1,17
0,66
0,71
0,68
0,66
0,82
0,89
ɐɸɪɭɩɢɧɫɤɨɟ
ɍȼɏ
ȼɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɏɟɪɫɨɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3 – ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ 2010-2015 ɝɝ.
ɍȾɄ 556
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ
ȼ.ɂ. ɋɦɟɬɚɧɢɧ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, Ⱥ. ɇ. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ
ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɂ.Ɇ. ɀɨɝɢɧ, ɂ. ȼ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ - ɆɋɏȺ ɂɆȿɇɂ Ʉ.Ⱥ.ɌɂɆɂɊəɁȿȼȺ»,
ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɦɵ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
ɩɚɜɨɞɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹɦ.
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
ɜɨɞɵ.
In our work, we set forth a method of evaluation of a level of rush of flood
water using a multifractal model of river system. We chose the river system of the
Ryazan Region as one of the most flood-prone areas as a test object. The indices of
the fractal model of the given river system were calculated, and on their basis the
coefficients enabling to forecast a level of rush of flood water were obtained.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ 40 ɞɨ 68 ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚ, ɷɬɢɦ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɦ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 500
ɬɵɫ. ɤȼ. ɤɦ, ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ – 150 ɬɵɫ. ɤȼ.
ɤɦ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 300 ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 7 ɦɥɧ. ɝɚ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 40 ɦɥɪɞ.
ɪɭɛɥɟɣ [1].
181
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. - 2010. - ȼɵɩ. 51: ɋɟɪ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜ. ɢ ɷɤɨɧ.
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚɭɤɢ. - ɋ. 13-20
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
13. ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɚ ȿ.ɂ., Ɋɨɡɞɢɧ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚ ɋ.ȼ., Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜɚ ɋ.ȼ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɢ
ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ. ɇɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ.:
ɜɨɞɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɆɂɌɏɌ, 2010. – ɋ.64
(Ɇɟɥɢɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
14. ɋɚɧɉɢɇ 2.1.5.980-00. Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ;
ɜɨɞ, 2000. – ɋ. 23
-
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ
Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0,68 ɞɨ 0,76.
- ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɞ
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɍȼɏ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɦɟɠɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɟɺ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɍȼɏ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ: ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɝɟɤɬɚɪɚ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦ ɩɨɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
1. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ / Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜ – Ɇ.: ɋɟɥɶɯɨɡɝɢɡ,
1960. – 662 ɫ.
2.
Ƚɚɥɹɦɢɧ
ȿ.ɉ.
Ʉɨɧɫɩɟɤɬ
ɥɟɤɰɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɤɭɪɫɭ
«ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ» – Ɇ.: ɆȽɆɂ, 1988. – 57 ɫ.
3. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ /Ɇ.Ɏ. ɇɚɬɚɥɶɱɭɤ, ȼ.ɂ.
Ɉɥɶɝɚɪɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɭɪɢɧ – Ɇ.: Ʉɨɥɨɫ, 1995. – 320 ɫ.
180
301
4. Ʉɢɟɧɱɭɤ Ⱥ.Ɏ. ȼɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. – Ʉ.: -
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ⱦɭɛɨɜɢɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ɇ., ɋɬɚɪɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ȼ. ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ
ɍɪɨɠɚɣ. 1989. – 176 ɫ.
5. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɉɪɥɨɜɨɣ – Ʉ.:
"ȼɢɳɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ", 1985. – 368 ɫ.
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɗȺɂ ɆɂɎɂ «ɗɤɨɧɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ
ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ». Ɇ, 2007 ɋ.58 – 64
6. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ɇɢɪɡɚɟɜ ɇ.ɇ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ
2. Ⱦ.Ȼ. Ƚɟɥɚɲɜɢɥɢ, Ƚ.ɋ. Ɋɨɡɟɧɛɟɪɝ, Ⱦ.ɂ. ɂɭɞɢɧ ɢ ɫɨɚɜɬ.; Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ/ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ, ɇ.ɇ. Ɇɢɪɡɚɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ,
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ
2006. – 56 ɫ.
Ɇɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ȼɢɨɫɮɟɪɚ», 2013, ɬ. 5,
7. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ: ɨɬ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ.
ʋ 2. ɋ. 143 - 159
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ, ȼ.ɂ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ,
3. MacArthur R.H. Fluctuations of animal populations, and measure of community
ɏ. Ɇɚɧɬɪɢɬɢɥɚɤɟ – Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ: ɇɂɐ ɆɄȼɄ, 2008. – 364 ɫ.
stability // Ecology. 1955. V. 36. ʋ7. P. 353-356.
4. Hurlbert S.H. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative
parameters // Ecology. V. 52. ʋ4. P. 577-586.
5. Benoit B. Mandelbrot A Multifractal Walk Down Wall Street// Scientific
American. Feb. 1999 pp 70-73.
6. Brillouin L. Science and information theory. - New York: Academic Press,
1956. - 320 p.
7. Ɋɟɧɶɢ Ⱥ. Ɍɪɢɥɨɝɢɹ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. — Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1980. — 376 ɫ.
8. Rényi entropy as a measure of entanglement in quantum spin chain: F.
Franchini, A. R. Its, V. E. Korepin, Journal of Physics A: Math. Theor. 41 (2008)
025302.
9. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɂ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ:
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ – Ɍɜɟɪɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɌɜȽɭ, 1998. – ȼɵɩ.1 – ɋ. 145-155
10. ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. ɋɦɟɬɚɧɢɧ ȼ. ɂ. Ɍɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ // ɉɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. – 2013. - ʋ1. – ɋ. 11-16
11.Kudinov A.N., Tsvetkov V.P. and Tsvetkov I.V. Catastrophes in the MultiFractal Dynamics of Social-Economic Systems. Russian Journal of Mathematical
Physics, 2011, v.18, ʋ2, p.149-155.
12. Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɫɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ, Ɍ.Ɋ. Ɉɫɨɤɢɧɚ, Ɍ.Ʉ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɲ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
302
ɞɥɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
179
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ/
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɥɢɲɚɸɬ
ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ,
ɍȾɄ 556.53: 627.15 (075.8)
ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɌɄȺɇȿɃ ȾɅə ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ȽȿɈɌȿɄɋɌɂɅɖɇɕɏ ɄɈɇɌȿɃɇȿɊɈȼ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ;
7. Ʉ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ʉɪɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ
ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ
ɇɈȼɈɑȿɊɄȺɋɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɈ-ɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɌɂȼɇɕɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɂɆȿɇɂ Ⱥ.Ʉ. ɄɈɊɌɍɇɈȼȺ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ȾɈɇɋɄɈɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ
2010-2011ɝɝ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ"
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ pH ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ
ɝ. ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ:
ɜ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɬɢɩɵ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɤɚɧɟɣ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ «ɇɢɬɪɚɬɵ» ɢ «ɇɢɬɪɢɬɵ». ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ «Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ».
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-
8. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɝɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ
ɬɤɚɧɟɣ.
Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
Ɏɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɵ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ-ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ (ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ) ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ. ȼ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ,
2014ɝ. ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ
ɞɢɚɬɨɦɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ. ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɷɜɝɥɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Abstract: the article describes the types of technical fabrics foreign and
ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɹɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɧɟ
Russian production, used for the manufacture of geotextile containers. The results of
ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ.
9. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
the comparison of physical and mechanical properties of Russian and foreign tissues.
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
Grounded perspective prima tion of domestic material. The developed functional-
2010-2014ɝɝ. ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
functional dependence of the parameters of the container for practical designs-tion.
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ
Tags: techno fabric, geotextile container mechanical properties, design.
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ƚɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ (ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ
ɬɤɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ Geolon.
ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ)
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɹ Geolon ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ Ɍɟn ɋɚte Nicolon.
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
178
303
Geolon ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɫ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ,
(ɥɟɧɬ) ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ (Geolon PP) ɢɥɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɧɢɬɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɚ (Geolon PET).
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ: ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ,
3. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ 2010ɝ. ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ,
ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɦɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɢɡɦ. ɊɊ15 ɊɊ40 ɊɊ80 ɊɊ100S ɊɊ120 ɊɊ200
ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ
ɤɇ/ɦ
16
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɊɊ 500
2010ɝ. ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɦɦɚ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ ɜ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ
ɤɇ/ɦ 16/14
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɦ
«ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ» ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
Ɍɢɩ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɢ Geolon
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɚɹ/min
ɤ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɢ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɢ Geolon.
ȿɞ.
ɬɹɝɨɬɟɟɬ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
40/39
88/80
110/100
40
86
105
132/120 220/200
45
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
550/500
45
ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ,
ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɪɟɡɤɨ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
45
4. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɍɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɟ
%
17
15
9
9
9
9
9
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ 2011 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ 1-3,
ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ
%
12
11
9
9
10
10
10
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (Ʉɭɪɫɤɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɮɚɡɵ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ.
ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ. Ȼɵɥɢ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɦ
ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɌɅɎ-5-2 ɢ ɌȻȽ-360 ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɟ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɸ Geolon PP.
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ.
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ʋ2.
-
ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɡɨɧɟ
2011ɝɝ. ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨ, ɢ ɜ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ.
Ɍɢɩ ɬɤɚɧɢ
ɬɨɱɤɟ
5. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2010-
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɤɇ/ɦ
ɜ
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ
ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, %
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɦɹɝɤɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɂɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
6. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɌȻȽ
72,0
72,0
30
30
ɌɅɎ-5-2
152,0
80,0
16
10
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɹɝɤɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ
ɪɟɡɤɨɣ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ
ɌȻȽ
85,0
75,4
4,0
4,0
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɌɅɎ-5-2
127,8
115,6
5,3
10,5
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ – ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ
304
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
177
ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ
ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ
ɮɨɪɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ 2;3
ɋɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɢ Geolon PP, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ, ɢ
ɡɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɫ ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɹɦɢ Geolon PP.
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ
ɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, (ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɡɚ 4 ɝɨɞɚ) ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ
ɩɨɫɬɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, (ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ).
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ
Ɍɢɩ ɬɤɚɧɢ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɚɹ
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɤɇ/ɦ
ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, %
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɌȻȽ
ɌɅɎ-5-2
ɤ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɹɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
Geolon PP 120S
ɩɪɨɛ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɦ2/ɪɭɛ.
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
72,0
72,0
30
30
70,0
88
86
9
9
260,0
152,0
80,0
16
10
190,0
132
125
9
9
320,0
Geolon PP 80
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɩɨ ɭɬɤɭ
ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ,
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 7 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɟɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɲɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɰɟɧɚ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ.
1. ȼ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
2010ɝ.
ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ 1-3 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɂɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ
ɩɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ, ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ,
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɟɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [2, 4]. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [4] ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ,
ு ௛బ
2. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ 2010ɝ. ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɦɭ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ Df =1,5, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɟ ɧɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ Df >1,5 ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
௅
,
்
ఊ௅మ
ɢ ɞɪ. ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ߠ (ɦɨɞɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ
ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɨɜ). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ:
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ
ɥɸɛɨɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
௅
ு
௅
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ Ͳǡ͸ͺͺͶ͸ െ ͳǡͷͶͷʹ͹
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ு
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଵ ቀ ቁ
௅
.
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
(1)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͻͷͲǡͳͻ;
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
176
305
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ଶ
ܴ ൌ Ͳǡͻ͸ʹͷ.
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɚɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ)
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ு
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ 2 – ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɟɝɨ
௅
ு
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଵ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͳǡͷͻʹ͸͸ െ ͳʹǡ͵ͺͶͲͻ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɚɦ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ Ͷͷǡʹͷʹͷͷ ቀ ቁ െ ͺͲǡͻ͸ͷͺͷ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ)
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͷͶǡ͹ͳʹͲͷ ቀ ቁ .
(2)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ (1) ɢ (2) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. ɇɚɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (2), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɨɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (1).
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
௛బ
௅
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ Ͳǡ͵ʹͲ͵Ͷ െ Ͳǡͺͻ͸ͻͶ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
௛బ
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଶ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
(3)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ʹͲ͸ǡʹͶ;
ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ
ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɵɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɟɟ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ଶ
ܴ ൌ ͲǡͺͶ͹ͻ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
௛బ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅
௛బ
௅
ɉɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɹ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɬɚɪɵɦ
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଶ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͳǡʹͷ͸ͳ͹ െ ͳͳǡ͹ͷ͹ͷ͸
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͷͳǡ͵Ͷ͵ͳʹ ቀ ቁ .
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ Ͷ͵ǡ͹Ͳ͸͹ʹ ቀ ቁ െ ͹ͷǡͻ͸ͻͺͻ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
(4)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɹɞɚɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɥɢɛɨ ɟɟ
ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
(ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ) ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ
306
175
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ுబ
௅
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ Ͳǡ͵͸ͺͳʹ െ Ͳǡ͸Ͷͺ͵͵
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ுబ
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଷ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
(5)
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ʹʹͲͶǡͶ͵;
ʋ2
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
2011
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͺ͵ͷ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ுబ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅
ுబ
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂ଷ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ Ͳǡ͵͵͸Ͷͻ െ Ͳǡ͸ʹ͸ͷͶ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͳǡͷͶͷͺͻ ቀ ቁ െ Ͷǡͻͻ͸ͳͳ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
͵ǡ͵͸ͻͲͷ ቀ ቁ .
(6)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ʋ3
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
2014
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
்
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ටఊ௅మ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͲͺͶͺ െ Ͳǡ͸͸ͺʹͲ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
்
ଶ௔
ටఊ௅మ ൌ ݂ସ ቀ ௅ ቁ
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
(7)
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ʹʹͲ͸ǡͷͻ;
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͺ͵ͷ.
்
ଶ௔
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ට మ ൌ ݂ସ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
ఊ௅
௅
்
ටఊ௅మ ൌ Ͳǡͷʹͺ͹ʹ െ ͵ǡʹͲ͸Ͳͷ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͳͲǡͲ͵͵ͷͺ ቀ ቁ െ ͳ͸ǡͺʹͶͺͻ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͳͲǡ͹͵ͷͳ͹ ቀ ቁ .
(8)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
174
307
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
஺
௅మ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ ͲǡͳͲʹͳͻ െ ͲǡͳͶͶͷʹ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஺
௅మ
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଺ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
(9)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͳͳʹ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஺
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅మ
஺
௅మ
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଺ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͲǡͲ͹ͻͲ͵ ൅ ͲǡͲͳͷͺͲ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
െ Ͳǡʹ͹͹ʹͻ ቀ ቁ ൅ Ͳǡͷʹͳͷͷ ቀ ቁ െ
௅
ɦɝ/ɞɦ3
1,56
1,55 1,51 1,55 1,51 1,52
ɇɢɬɪɚɬɵ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ3
1,52
1,51 1,58 1,51 1,45 1,49
ɇɢɬɪɢɬɵ
3
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
1,49
1,43 1,42 1,41 1,43 1,44
3
1,46
1,48 1,43 1,41 1,46 1,38
ɇɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
1,35
1,58 1,34 1,35 1,61 1,39
ȻɉɄ5
ɦɝɈ2/ɞɦ3
1,52
1,5
1,42
1,47 1,41 1,46 1,35 1,34
ɏɉɄ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͵͹ͻǡ͸Ͷ;
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɂɨɧɵ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ
ɦɝɈ2/ɞɦ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
3
3
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
1,56 1,51 1,47 1,49
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ 1 ɢ 2.
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͳǡ͵͵ͻ͹͸ ቀ ቁ .
(10)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ1
–
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɇɟɫɬɚ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
஻
௅
ൌ ͲǡʹͻͲͳͺ ൅ ͲǡͶͲͲͳ͸
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ଶ௔
௅
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଻ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
Ƚɨɞ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
(11)
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͺ͸͹ͻǡͲ͸;
ʋ1
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൎ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͻͷͺ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
௅
஻
௅
ଶ௔
ൌ ݂଻ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͳ͹͵ʹ െ ͲǡʹͲͷʹͶ͸
ଶ௔ ସ
ͳǡͷ͵ͻʹ͹ ቀ ቁ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
2010
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͲǡͳͲ͹͹ͻ ቀ ቁ ൅ ͳǡͳͺͺ͸ͺ ቀ ቁ െ
௅
௅
(12)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ՜ λ; ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ܴଶ ൎ ͳǡͲ.
308
173
ɝɞɟ ɋɨ – ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ, IJ –
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɗɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
஻
ு
ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ e ɪɚɡ.
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ൌ െͳǡ͹ͻ͹Ͳʹ ൅ ͳͷǡ͸ͻͶͻͳ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ଶ௔
௅
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
ு
ଶ௔
ൌ ଼݂ ቀ ቁ
௅
ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ:
.
(13)
ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ ͵ͻǡ͹ͺ;
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ ൌ Ͷǡͳ͹. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͷͳͺͳ.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
஻
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ:
ு
஻
ு
ଶ௔
ൌ ଼݂ ቀ ቁ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ
௅
ൌ ͳ͹ǡʹʹ͸ͺʹ െ ʹ͹ͻǡͻͺ͹Ͷ
ଶ௔
௅
ଶ௔ ଶ
ଶ௔ ଷ
൅ ͳ͹͹͹ǡ͹͹Ͷ ቀ ቁ െ Ͷͺʹʹǡ͵͵ͳ ቀ ቁ ൅
௅
௅
ଶ௔ ସ
ͶͺͶ͵ǡͺͻͶ ቀ ቁ .
(14)
௅
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൌ ͷͲ͵ͷǡͳ͵;
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 – ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ‫ܨ‬଴ǡ଴ହ ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ ൎ ʹǡͷ͵. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ.
ܴଶ ൌ Ͳǡͻͻͺ͵.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 4 ɢ 5 ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ IJ=1,79 ɝɨɞɚ. ɐɢɤɥ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧ
1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.
«ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɸ».
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɨɬ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ૛ࢇൗࡸ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ, ɜ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
1
–
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɩɨ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ɬɨɱɤɚɦ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ
݂ଵ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ͺͺͶ͸ െ ͳǡͷͶͷʹ͹݂ହ
݂ଶ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ʹͲ͵Ͷ െ Ͳǡͺͻ͸ͻͶ݂ହ
݂ଷ ൌ Ͳǡ͵͸ͺͳʹ െ Ͳǡ͸Ͷͺ͵͵݂ହ
݂ସ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͲͺͶͺ െ Ͳǡ͸͸ͺʹͲ݂ହ
݂଺ ൌ ͲǡͳͲʹͳͻ െ ͲǡͳͶͶͷʹ݂ହ
݂଻ ൌ ͲǡʹͻͲͳͺ ൅ ͲǡͶͲͲͳ͸݂ହ
଼݂ ൌ െͳǡ͹ͻ͹Ͳʹ ൅ ͳͷǡ͸ͻͶͻͳ݂ହ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɀɟɥɟɡɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɛ/ɪ
ɦɝ/ɞɦ
3
2010ɝ.
ʋ2
1,58
1,54 1,55 1,51 1,48 1,45
1,47
1,41 1,42 1,41 1,42 1,44
172
ʋ3
2011ɝ.
ʋ1
ʋ1
ʋ2
ʋ3
2014ɝ.
ʋ1 ʋ2 ʋ3
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ܴଶ
0,9625
0,8479
0,9835
0,9835
0,9112
0,9958
0,5181
309
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ ‫ܨ‬ሺͳǡ͵͹ሻ
950,19
206,24
2204,43
2206,59
379,64
8679,06
39,78
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: f 1 T H ,
L
f 7 T B
, f 8 T L
B
H
f 2 T h0
L
, f 3 T H 0 , f 4 T L
T
JL2
, f 5 T 2 a , f 6 T L
A
L2
,
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɟɟ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ (Do), ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (Dk).
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ
.
ɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.
ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɨɬɟɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ
݂ଵ ൌ ͳǡͷͻʹ͸͸ െ ͳʹǡ͵ͺͶͲͻ݂ହ ൅ Ͷͷǡʹͷʹͷͷ݂ହଶ െ ͺͲǡͻ͸ͷͺͷ݂ହଷ ൅ ͷͶǡ͹ͳʹͲͷ݂ହସ
݂ଷ ൌ Ͳǡ͵͵͸Ͷͻ െ Ͳǡ͸ʹ͸ͷͶ݂ହ ൅
݂ସ ൌ Ͳǡͷʹͺ͹ʹ െ ͵ǡʹͲ͸Ͳͷ݂ହ ൅
ͳǡͷͶͷͺͻ݂ହଶ
ͳͲǡͲ͵͵ͷͺ݂ହଶ
െ
െ
Ͷǡͻͻ͸ͳͳ݂ହଷ
ͳ͸ǡͺʹͶͺͻ݂ହଷ
൅
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɹɞɵ (ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ)
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɋɬɚɬɢɫɰɢɟɧɬ
ɬɢɤɚ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɎɢɲɟɪɚ
ɧɚɰɢɢ
‫ܨ‬ሺͶǡ͵Ͷሻ
ܴଶ
§ 1,0
’
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ, ɚ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ
§ 1,0
’
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
§ 1,0
’
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ͳͲǡ͹͵ͷͳ͹݂ହସ
൅
“FracDim”
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
͵ǡ͵͸ͻͲͷ݂ହସ
݂ଶ ൌ ͳǡʹͷ͸ͳ͹ െ ͳͳǡ͹ͷ͹ͷ͸݂ହ ൅ Ͷ͵ǡ͹Ͳ͸͹ʹ݂ହଶ െ ͹ͷǡͻ͸ͻͺͻ݂ହଷ ൅ ͷͳǡ͵Ͷ͵ͳʹ݂ହସ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ, ɪɢɫ. 1
ɨɬ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ૛ࢇൗࡸ
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɜ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɟɝɨ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ.ȼɚɠɧɵɦ
§ 1,0
’
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
݂଺ ൌ ͲǡͲ͹ͻͲ͵ ൅ ͲǡͲͳͷͺͲ݂ହ െ Ͳǡʹ͹͹ʹͻ݂ହଶ ൅ Ͳǡͷʹͳͷͷ݂ହଷ െ ͳǡ͵͵ͻ͹͸݂ହସ
§ 1,0
’
݂଻ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ͳ͹͵ʹ ൅ ͲǡʹͲͷʹͶ͸݂ହ ൅ ͲǡͳͲ͹͹ͻ݂ହଶ ൅ ͳǡͳͺͺ͸ͺ݂ହଷ െ ͳǡͷ͵ͻʹ͹݂ହସ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ,
§ 1,0
’
଼݂ ൌ ͳ͹ǡʹʹ͸ͺʹ െ ʹ͹ͻǡͻͺ͹Ͷ݂ହ ൅ ͳ͹͹͹ǡ͹͹Ͷ݂ହଶ െ Ͷͺʹʹǡ͵͵ͳ݂ହଷ
൅ ͶͺͶ͵ǡͺͻͶ݂ହସ
0,9983
5035,13
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ – ɜɢɞɵ
ɭɦɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɟ, ɧɨ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ. [2]
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: f 1 T f 7 T B
, f 8 T L
B
H
H
L
,
f 2 T h0
L
, f 3 T H 0 , f 4 T L
T
, f 5 T JL2
2a
L
, f 6 T A
L2
,
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
ɧɚ Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɵ
ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
57% ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 33%, ɚ ɡɚ ɩɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 6% ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2, ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ:
C=Co e-t/IJ
310
171
(2)
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ, - ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɨ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
0,6
0,5
ɢɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ, ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ,
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ
0,2
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɟɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɨ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɭɞɢɬɶ
ɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ[11].
Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ, ɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ – ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɚ.
ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
0,1
0
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
f5
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f1(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f2(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f3(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f4(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f6(f5)
ʻ̶̨̡̛̛̛̖̣̦̖̜̦̪̪̬̭̥̌́̌̌́f7(f5)
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɜ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ,
0,3
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
0,4
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ kɢɧɜ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
2
1.
Df
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. ɋɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ f1(ș)-f4(ș), f6(ș)– f8(ș) ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ f5(ș).
ɂɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɢɞɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɬ f5(ș). Ɂɧɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ f5(ș) – ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱥ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦ, ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ, ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ f1(ș)-f4(ș), f6(ș) – f8(ș).
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ.
ɑɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ, ɢ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɟɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ – ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɫ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
170
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ f1(ș) – f8(ș).
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ:
1. Ƚɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɞ-ɪɚ ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɇ.ɂ. ȼɚɬɢɧɚ,
ɤɚɧɞ.ɬɟɯɧ.ɧɚɭɤ Ɉ.ɂ. Ƚɥɚɞɲɬɟɣɧɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɌȺɇȾȿɆ», 2011. – 160 ɫ.
311
2. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ɇɟɪɤɭɥɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɇ., Ʉɪɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɋ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ //
ɉɪɢɜɨɥɠɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. – 2012. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 50 – 57.
3. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ
ȼ.Ⱥ.,
Ɇɟɪɤɭɥɨɜɚ
Ɍ.ɇ.,
Ʉɪɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ
Ⱥ.ɋ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ
ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ / Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ». Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚȾɨɧɭ – ɇɨɜɨɦɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ. – 2012. – ȼɵɩɭɫɤ XIV. – C. 76-86.
4. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. – ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ,
ɇȽɆȺ, 2001. – 266 ɫ.
5. Ⱥɧɚɯɚɟɜ Ʉ.ɇ. ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɵ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ //
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ, 2014. ɬ. 2, ɜ. 1(2). ɋ. 58-63.
Ɋɢɫ.1.
6. Ⱥɧɚɯɚɟɜ Ʉ.ɇ. Ɉ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ)
7. Ƚɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ:
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɉɟɪɜɨɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɞɪɚ ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɇ.ɂ. ȼɚɬɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ.
ɧɚɭɤ Ɉ.ɂ. Ƚɥɚɞɲɬɟɣɧɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɌȺɇȾȿɆ», 2011. – 160 ɫ.
8. ȼɨɥɨɫɭɯɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɜ
ɞɜɭɯɨɫɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ.
ȼ
ɫɛ.
«Ɇɹɝɤɢɤɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ». – ɇɨɜɨɱɟɪɤɚɫɫɤ, ɘɠɇɂɂȽɢɆ. –
1977. – Ɍɨɦ XXVǿǿ. – ɋ. 58-61.
ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɨɜ əɤɨɛɢ // Ƚɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ʋ 8, 2008. ɋ. 7-9.
ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɤɪɢɜɚɹ
ɧɚ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ
t  >a, b@ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ, ɞɥɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ. [9] Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ), ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ,
ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ,
(ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɪɢɜɵɯ). ȿɫɥɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɬɨ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɟɟ
ɞɥɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ:
L(G ) = L0G
ɝɞɟ
1 D f
(1)
L(G ) - ɞɥɢɧɚ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ
Lo – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ 1-ɸ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
G
312
– ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ
Df – ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ.
169
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɬɪɚɬɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ
ɍȾɄ 631.6.02
(“ɜɵɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ”
ɫɪɟɞɵ).
ȿɫɥɢ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɭɫɟɥ
(ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɉȾɄ) ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɵ
ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɟɤ
ɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ȼ.ɂ. Ɂɚɧɨɫɨɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɫɦɟɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ – ɭɬɪɚɬɚ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɦɟɧ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɋ.ɘ. Ʉɨɥɨɦɨɟɰ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɈ «ȺɅɌȺɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȺȽɊȺɊɇɕɃ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ»
ɪɹɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɝ. Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɩɪɢ
ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɟɤɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ.
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɟɟ
The article reflects the basic principles of AutoCAD Civil 3D for use materials
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ
field studies, for example, when adjustment the valley River Upper Tyhta of
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1
Kemerovo Oblast, which can significantly increase the productivity of engineers.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɟɟ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɫɤɟɣɥɢɧɝɚ,
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ. [1;12]
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɲɚɯɬ ɢ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ,
ɪɟɡɤɨ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ
ɜɨɞɨɨɬɥɢɜɚ,
ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɪɟɤ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ,
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ (ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ).
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɣɦɚɯ ɪɟɤ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɥɨɨɬɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɜ.
ɗɬɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɟɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ,
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɛɨ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɟɦɟɥɶ,
[1].
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɭɫɟɥ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ
ȽɈɋɌ 17.5.3.04.- 83 [2].
Ʉ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
168
313
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɤɜɨɡɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ⱥ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɵ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦ) ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ [3].
ɦɨɠɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ.
ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɧɚ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɢ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ
ɋɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɰɟɧɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
(ɋȺɉɊ) ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɫɜɟɥ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤ ɉȾɄ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɴɟɦɤɢ
ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ
AutoCAD Civil 3D ɷɬɨ ɋȺɉɊ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɭ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ.
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ GPS ɫɴɟɦɤɢ
ɗɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
(ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ), ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ Google Earth,
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ
SRTM ɢ ɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ,
ɱɬɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɚɡɨɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɛɢɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ.
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɨɩɨɥɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɨɬɜɚɥɚ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɩɨɞɩɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ, ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 2 ɤɦ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ 1,1-1,2 ɦ.
ɋɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɨɬ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɩɨɞɩɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ, ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ
ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ
ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɨ - ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ.
314
ɋɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɤ
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ɗɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ-ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ,
ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɬɪɟɧɞɵ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɰɟɧɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɚ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɨɫɨɦ
Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɵ - ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ
167
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ,
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚ
ɩɨɞɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɦ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
AutoCAD
Civil
3D
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɨɫɶ ɜɵɩɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢ
ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɵ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɧɬɨɜ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɥɢɬɟɛɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɳɭɬɢɦɵɦɢ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ – ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɬɵ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ ɜ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ
ɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. ɇɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɜɨɞɭ ɰɢɚɧɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ȼ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
«ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ»
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɬɫɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ: ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɞɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɯɨɞ ɨɩɨɥɡɧɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ), ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɩɤɢ, ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɝɥɨɜ
ɚɡɨɬɚ, – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ, ɚ ɫɚɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɨɜɧɵɦ, ɛɟɡ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɬ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. Ɍɨɱɤɢ ɜɪɟɡɤɢ
ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ, ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɬɨ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɟɤɢ. ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ
ɞɨ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 350 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
ɢɞɟɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɲɬɚɦɦɚ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ ɜ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ “ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ” ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɷɬɚɩ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
166
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɜɵɩɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ
315
.
ɍȾɄ 504
Ɏɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
ɇɚɫɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. ɤ.ɬ.ɧ., ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɊȽȺɍ – ɆɋɏȺ ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ.
ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɂ. ȼ. ɞ.ɬ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɎȽȻɈɍ
ȼɉɈ ɌɜȽɍ
Ʉɭɥɶɧɟɜ ȼ. ȼ. ɤ.ɝ.ɧ., ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ», ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɇɉɈ «Ⱥɥɶɝɨɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ».
Ȼɚɡɚɪɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.ȼ. ɞ.ɮ-ɦ.ɧ., ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ
«ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ»
ɀɨɝɢɧ ɂ. Ɇ., ɡɚɜ.ɥɚɛ. Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ Ɇɚɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɊȽȺɍ – ɆɋɏȺ
ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɛɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɨɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2. ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ȼɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɥɢɲɶ
ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɨɫɶ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɢ
ɤɨɧɟɰ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɱɚɥɭ
ɢ
ɤɨɧɰɭ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ «ɞɧɨ ɜ ɞɧɨ». ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɭɤɥɨɧ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɧɨ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ,
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ, ɬɟɦ
ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɭɤɥɨɧ ɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ
ɪɭɫɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ, ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɤ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɣ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɟɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɟɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɚɥɶɝɨɰɟɧɨɡ, Ɇɚɬɵɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɫɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ, ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɵɣ ɲɬɚɦɦ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ, ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɮɪɚɤɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
Abstract. In this paper, we present a method for modeling and analysis of
resistance of water objects to anthropogenic loads based on the construction of
multifractal spectra, taking into account the heterogeneity of the host ecosystem.
An ecological status is offered to be evaluated by placing the obtained multifractal
image on the selected forms of its threshold and critical organization
corresponding to the limits of ecosystem self-healing ability and its structural and
functional integrity.
Key words: algiers, Maturske water reservoir, cyanobacteria, planktonic
strain of Chlorella, ecosystem, fractal analysis
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɢɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ
316
165
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ
1. Clites Anne H., Quinn Frank H., The History of Lake Superior Regulation:
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
Implications for the Future. ̽ J. Great Lakes Res. 29(1):157̽171.: Internat.
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɭɤɥɨɧ
Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 2003
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɩɢɤɟɬɚɠ,
2. ȼɨɪɨɩɚɟɜ Ƚ.ȼ., ɂɫɦɚɣɵɥɨɜ Ƚ. ɏ. , Ɏɺɞɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ Ⱥɪɚɥɨ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.-Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2003. -
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɢɤɟɬɚɠɭ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɫɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɝɪɚɮɚɦɢ ɛɨɤɨɜɢɤɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ.
427ɫ.
Ɍɪɟɬɶɢɦ
ɷɬɚɩɨɦ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɤɥɨɧ, ɬɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɜɪɟɡɤɢ ɜ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ AutoCAD Civil 3D
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɱɟɪɬɢɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɛɭɞɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ.
ȼɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɤɥɨɧɚ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ, ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɚɫɵɩɧɵɟ ɞɚɦɛɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ (ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ),
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ.
1. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ:
ɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ - ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 4 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
ɨɬɤɨɫ - ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ m=1.5. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ - ɷɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɢ;
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ.
2. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ:
ɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ - ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 4 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɨɫ - ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ
ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ m=1.5 ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ 1,3 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
164
317
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ - ɷɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɢ;
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ.
2.1
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ
1.1
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɥɚ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɨɫɶ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ 4 ɭɝɥɚ
ɡɟɦɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ
4.11
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɱɚɳɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦ
ʿ̨̡̪̱̭̏ʻʥ,̥3/̭
318
163
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
4.1
ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫ. 4).
ʮ̖̣.̨̡̪̪̱̭,̥3/̭
ˇʿ˄
˄ʺʽ
ʺ̨̨̡̖̣̦̼̜̪̪̱̭̔̽,̥3/̭
ʻʿ˄
ʺ̛̦. ̦̌ ̛̏̐.̨̱̬̖̦̽
6.1
4.21
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ. ȼɜɢɞɭ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ, ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ
ˇ̌ ̡̯.̨̡̪̪̱̭,̥3/̭
ˇ̌ ̡̯.̨̯̥.ʦʥ,̥
ʮ̖̣.̨̯̥.,̥
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
5.21
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
5.11
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ
5.1
ȼɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ Ɍɵɯɬɚ, ɫ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɤɥɨɧɚɦɢ
6.11
ʺ̛̦.̶̛̦̌̏̐̌.̨̡̪̪̱̭̏ʻʥ=1300 ̥3/̭
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3. ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ
6.21
ʺʻ˄=87,00 ̥
7.1
8.1
9.1
10.1
11.1
11.11
11.21
˄ʺʽ=84,00 ̥
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3).
ʻʿ˄=89,00 ̥
ˇʿ˄=90,00 ̥
ɜɵɱɟɪɱɟɧ ɫ ɭɤɥɨɧɨɦ 30‰ ɞɨ ɢ 5‰ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɚ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ
12.1
ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɚ,
ʺ̛̦. ̦̌ ̛̏̐.̨̡̪̪̱̭̏ʻʥ
ʺ̨̨̖̣̦̼̖̯̥̔̽.ʦʥ,̥
3.1
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ 1982/83 ɝɝ., P=80%
80
82
84
86
88
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɨɫ - ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ m=1.5. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
90
92
ɝɪɟɛɟɧɶ ɞɚɦɛɵ - ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 2 ɦɟɬɪɚ;
ʽ̡̯̥̖̯̌ʦʥ,̥ʥˁ
3
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ 850-900 ɦ /ɫ, ɬɨ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɠɟ
1200-1250 ɦ3/ɫ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ
1300-1400
ɦ3/ɫ.
ɂɬɚɤ
ɩɨ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 01 ɦɚɹ ɩɨ 01 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ:
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 850 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 99,9%;
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 1200 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 77,2%;
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 1300 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 64,4%;
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ 1400 ɦ3/ɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 4,0%.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ
Ɍ.ɟ. ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ 64,4%, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɂɦɟɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 80 ɞɨ 95
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 3 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ 1982/83 ɝɝ., P=80%. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ
Ɍɵɯɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ 350 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 2732 ɦ3, ɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɫɵɩɤɢ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɦɛ 1742 ɦ3.
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɫ 10 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɩɨ 01 ɢɸɧɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ AutoCAD Civil 3D ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ȼȻ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɤ ɇɉɍ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ
ɫɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ
ɫ 01 ɢɸɥɹ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɜɢɞɧɨ,
ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ.
ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
1.
Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɞɨɨɬɥɢɜ ɢ ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]:
ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ, ɂ.ɉ. Ʉɢɪɨɜ. Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ., 1980. 304 ɫ.
2.
Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. Ɂɟɦɥɢ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ȽɈɋɌ 17.5.3.04-83: ɭɬɜ. ɉɨɫɬ. Ƚɨɫ. ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɋɋɋɊ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɨɬ 30.03.83:
ɜɜɨɞ. ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ 01.07.1984 Ɇ.: ɂɉɄ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ, 2002 8ɫ.
3.
Ɍɨɦɚɤɨɜ, ɂ.ɂ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ.ɂ. Ɍɨɦɚɤɨɜ, ȼ.ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ. Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ
ɆȽȽɍ, 1994. 435 ɫ.
162
319
ɍȾɄ 626.862.2
ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ:
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ɋ.ȼ. ɄɅɂɆɈȼ, Ɉ. Ʌ. ɉɂɇɑɍɄ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɝ. Ɋɨɜɧɨ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 87,0 ɦ;
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 66,0 ɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɦ
ɊȿɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə ȽɂȾɊɈɆȿɅɂɈɊȺɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɁɈɇɕ ɂɁȻɕɌɈɑɇɈȽɈ
ɍȼɅȺɀɇȿɇɂə ɋ ɅɈɄȺɅɂɁȺɐɂȿɃ ɂɏ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɟɥ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 1300 ɦ3/ɫ;
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɠɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ 84,0 ɦ;
ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧɵ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɫ 01 ɦɚɹ ɩɨ 01 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ.
ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ:
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ.
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɟɥ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ 400
ɦ3/ɫ).
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ:
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ – ɨɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ,
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɞɪ. ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɨ
2…3 ɤɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ [1]. ɗɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ (ɍȽȼ) ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɪɵɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɧɟɪɟɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ (ɫ 10 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɩɨ 10
ɢɸɧɹ) ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ. Ɂɢɦɧɸɸ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɝɨɪɧɨ-ɥɨɜɱɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ.
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ, ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ, ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ [2]. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ
320
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ, ɚ ɡɢɦɨɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ
Reconstruction of drainage systems, drainage-screened modules.
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɢɡ
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ 62,7 ɦ (ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ
screen modules.
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝ. ɋɚɪɚɩɭɥ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɛɶɟɮɟ
surrounding area and the increasing rate of land use in the application drainage-
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɡɚɛɨɪɚ
ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ 0,1 ɤɦ3 ɜ ɝɨɞ;
systems in the humid zone with decreasing area of their influence on the
ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 0,3 ɤɦ3, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
The article deals with the analysis of possible reconstruction of drainage
Ɇɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȼɤɪɚɬɰɟ ɨɛ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɢɠɟ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɢ, ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ 66,0 ɦ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɟ ɲɥɸɡɚ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɛɵɥɨ
161
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
ɧɚ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ (Ɉɋ) ɫ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɜɨɞ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ
ɜɨɞɵ). ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ Ɉɋ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɍȽȼ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɧɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɟ.
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 26% ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ, ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚ 22%, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚ 52% [3].
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
οܹɜɟɫɧɚ ǡ ˍˏ͵
οܹɥɟɬɨ
െ ɨɫɟɧɶǡ ˍˏ͵
οܹɦɟɠɟɧɶ
ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦǡ ˍˏ͵
οܹɡɢɦɚ ǡ ˍˏ͵
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ
οܹɝɨɞ ˍˏ͵
ɤɚɤ ɋ.Ɏ.Ⱥɜɟɪɶɹɧɨɜ, Ȼ.ɋ. Ɇɚɫɥɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. əɧɝɨɥɶ, Ⱥ.Ⱦ.ɉɚɧɚɞɢɚɞɢ, Ʉ.ȿ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ,
Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɟ
1914-2013 ɝɝ.
2,2
1,64
4,62
2,97
Ⱥ.ɂ. ɂɜɢɰɤɢɣ, ɉ.ɂ. ɉɵɥɟɧɨɤ, ɉ.ɂ.Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɧɤɨ, Ȼ.ɂ. ɑɚɥɢɣ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɍɵɲɟɧɤɨ,
6,82
Ⱥ.ȼ.əɰɢɤ ɢ ɞɪ.
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɟ
1914-2013 ɝɝ.
0,41
0,38
1914-2013 ɝɝ.
-5,4
0,97
0,48
0,86
1,27
4,38
-1,0
ɉɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ɉɋ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɇɢɠɧɟɤɚɦɫɤɨɟ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ Ɉɋ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ
3,41
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɢ. Ɇɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɬɨɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 4,62 ɤɦ3 ɚ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɢɣ ɧɚ 2,2 ɤɦ3. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ
ɤɪɨɸɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɦɦ (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɨɤ ɪ.Ʉɚɦɚ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 68,2 ɦɥɧ ɦ3.
Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ,
ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɤɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɪɵɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ
Ɉɋ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɹɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ – ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ
ɧɚɝɨɪɧɨ-ɥɨɜɱɢɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɫ ɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɲɚɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ
ɫɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ 20 ɞɨ 200 ɦ [4]. Ɇɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ɉɋ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɯ ɞɪɟɧ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ [5].
ɇɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɫɭɲɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɜɚɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ȼɨɬɤɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ.
ɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ:
ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ 1020 Ɇȼɬ;
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɭɪɛɢɧ 7000 ɦ3/ɫ.
160
ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɡɨɧɵ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ
t,ɨC
(ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɤ) ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ P,
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ,
Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 6,82 ɤɦ3. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɫɧɚ
ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 2 ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 2 ɡɚ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɪ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ
321
ɝ)
110
100
90
80
ɜ)
70
60
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
50
40
30
0
10
20
0
159
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914-2013 ɝɝ.
ɚ) Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ, ɛ) Ɂɢɦɧɢɣ, ɜ) ȼɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ, ɝ) Ʌɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
5
10
15
20
30
40
60
ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ) ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ (ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ) ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ
322
25
30
35
20
50
60
80
70
ˁ̨̡̯,W̡̥3
90
0
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ ɤ ɷɤɪɚɧɭ (ɩɨɬɟɪɢ
W(t)=0,0222t+31,075
90
80
70
60
10
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ q2 (ɪɢɫ. 2).
20
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɛɶɟɮ, ɢ ɫɨ
10
ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɪɟɧɟ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ: q1 – ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̛̛̦̥̌̌
̨̨̡̖̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̏̐̌)
ȾɗɆ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
50
ʪ̡̨̨̨̨̨̡̛̛̦̥̭̯̌̌̐̔̏̐̌
ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɉɎɗ ɢ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
40
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȾɗɆ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ
30
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɉɎɗ ȾɗɆ
20
ɉɎɗ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɟ).
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̨̨̨̨̛̛̦̥̌̌̐̔̏̐
̨̡̭̯̌)
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
100
W(t)=0,0689t+50,569
110
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
ɛ)
40
40
14
ɧɚ
50
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɚ)
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
ʪ̡̨̨̡̛̛̦̥̖̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̌̌̏̐̌
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɋɬɨɤ, W ɤɦ3
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ
ɋɬɨɤ, W ɤɦ3
ɷɤɪɚɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɞ). ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
0
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɝ), ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̛̛̦̥̣̖̯̦̖̌̌Ͳ
̨̨̨̡̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̐̌)
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
0
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
2
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
12
ɩɭɬɢ
30
ɷɤɪɚɧɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɪɟɧɚɦɢ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɜ), ɢɥɢ
20
ʪ̡̨̨̡̛̛̛̦̥̥̦̖̭̯̌̌̐̌̚
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ
10
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɎɗ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪ (3) ɧɚ 0,3…0,5 ɦ (ɪɢɫ.1, ɛ). ɉɪɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
80
50
ɫɥɨɹ
30
ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ
ʪ̡̛̛̦̥̣̖̯̦̖̌̌Ͳ̨̨̨̡̭̖̦̦̖̭̯̐̌
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
4
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɨɬ
40
ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
6
ɉɪɢ
ɜ
8
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
ɞɪɟɧɵ
10
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ʸ̛̦̖̜̦̌́(ʪ̡̨̛̛̛̦̥̥̦̖̌̌̐̚
̨̡̭̯̌)
ɡɨɧ
ɋɬɨɤ, W ɤɦ3
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
W(t)=0,0166t+15,56
110
110
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɎɗ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
70
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɉɎɗ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
60
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ (ɉɎɗ) (ɪɢɫ.1, ɚ) [6]. Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
90
W(t)=0,03t+3,934
100
(ȾɗɆ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɟ
ʰ̡̛̦̖̭̬̖̥̖̦̔̏
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɇɍȼɏɉ (Ɋɨɜɧɨ) ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ
7
6
(ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɷɬɭ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ, ɦɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ Ⱦɚɪɫɢ).
ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɐɢɤɥɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɫ 1928/29 ɩɨ
2008/09 ɝɝ. Ɇɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ 1928/29 ɩɨ
1976/77 ɝɝ. ȼ ɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɧɟɣ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫ 1977/78 ɩɨ 2008/09 ɝɝ.
ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ:
1966/67 – 1971/72, 1974/75 – 1978/79, 1987/88 – 1995/96 ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1 ɞɚɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ,
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ: 1 – ɉɎɗ; 2 – ɞɪɟɧɚ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɥɟɬ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
ɫɬɨɤ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ (N)
(Wɫɪ3),
ɤɦ
16
102,5
1914-1929
48
86,1
1930-1977
33
101,8
1978-2010
100
94,2
1914-2013
ɂɡ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ
(Cv)
0,25
0,20
0,16
0,21
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɜɵɜɨɞ,
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɢ
ɰɢɢ
(ɋs)
0,32
0,44
0,09
0,54
0,33
0,21
0,34
0,49
ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȾɗɆ [7]:
q
ɡɚɞɚɱ
·
§
¨ bb
2S+ 2 l ¸ ,
1
¸
¨
k Z
¨ b b1 ln 4t C ¸
¸
¨
d
¹
©
ɝɞɟ Ȧ – ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɪɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ij=const); t – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɦ, d – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɞɪɟɧɵ,
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɦ; ɋ – ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɧɵ
ɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɥɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.
(ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ) ɫɬɨɤɨɦ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɨɬ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ
ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɟɧɵ:
ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɵ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ
b1
Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ 1914-2013 ɝɝ. ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ
b
bn b 2 H 12 2 ˜ bn ˜ L1 .
bn b 2 H 12 2 ˜ bn ˜ L1
ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.
158
(1)
323
(2)
5
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɉɎɗ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ – ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ [8], ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɤɪɚɸ ɉɎɗ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɜ ɜɢɞɟ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɛɵɥ
ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɫɬɨɤɨɜɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɡɚ
100-ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. Ⱦɨ 1949 ɝ. ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɚɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ, ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨ ɭɠɟ ɫ 1949 ɝ. ɧɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɟɧɵ b1 ɨɬ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɫɨ
ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
‫(گ‬Ki-1)
ɉɎɗ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
2.00
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɤ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɭ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
1.50
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪ.
1.00
0.00
-1.00
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɞɨ 1 ɦ, ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ
-1.50
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
-2.00
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ.
-2.50
-3.00
1910
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ʿ̵̴̨̖̬̖̦̔̌́̌̌̚
-0.50
ɉɎɗ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɫɩɚɞ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ
ɜ
26
26
0.50
ɫɩɚɞɚ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ˀ̨̨̦̭̯̦̌̚Ͳ̡̨̨̨̨̨̡̛̛̦̯̖̬̣̦̬̭̯̬̐̌̽̌́̏̌́̐̔̏̐̌.ʶ̨̥̼̭̯̬̖̌̏̏ʻ̡̡̨̨̛̙̦̖̥̭̌̐
̨̛̬̱̣̐̔̌̚
27
ɂɡ ɪɚɛɨɬ Ȼ.ɂ. ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɚ [9] ɢ ɋ.ȼ.Ʉɨɜɚɥɺɜɚ [10] ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1914/15-2013/14 ɝɝ. (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ
ɫɟɪɢɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ bn
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ.
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ b ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ
ɛɵɥɚ
ɪ.Ʉɚɦɚ
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
ʧ̨̼̔
ɫ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɪ. Ʉɚɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɇɢɠɧɟɤɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɭɡɥɚ.
ɉɎɗ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ
324
157
4
Ɉɛɳɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɫɟɤɚɯ ɥɨɬɤɚ H1=0.9ɦ, H2=0,4ɦ, ɜɢɞɧɨ
ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ (ɄɄȼ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
(ɪɢɫ.4), ɱɬɨ ɞɪɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
(ɫɭɛɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ) ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨɞɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ.
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɫɟɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ: ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ȾɗɆ (ɪɢɫ. 2) ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɉɎɗ,
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥ
JG JG
Ɏ(V ,U , t )
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɨ 1ɦ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
JG JG
ª T U t U opt º
JG
min
JJG M « ¦
»
U
¬« t 0 U opt ¼»
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɤɫɤɚɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ-ɞɪɟɧɨɭɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɗɌɐ-
(1)
203.
ɩɪɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɯ
V
AW BU ,
V dV dV
U t0
(2)
,
(3)
(4)
JG
JG JG
JG
ɩɪɢ t 0, V V 0 , ɝɞɟ V ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ); V ,
JG
JG
V – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ; U –
ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ; U t – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢɡ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ t ; U opt – ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɚ)
ɩɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ; W – ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ; t -ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ; A ɢ B -ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛ)
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɢ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɥɨɬɤɚɯ: ɚ – ɛɟɡ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ; ɛ – ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ (1) – (4) ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ,
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ) ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɍɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ȽɆɋ
ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ
ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ (1) – (4) ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨ-ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ, ɱɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞ ȽɆɋ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ
ɜ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɩɨɪɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨ-ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ.
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
156
325
3
ɋɩɚɞ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɉɎɗ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɤ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ (ɜɨɞɧɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɦɢ) ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ
ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɭ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɭɩɨɪ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɍȽȼ ȽɆɋ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 0,1 ɦ ɩɪɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ
ɉɎɗ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɝɟ