особенности дистанционного зондирования земли при

ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȾɂɋɌȺɇɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ɁɈɇȾɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɁȿɆɅɂ
ɉɊɂ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɂ ȽɅɈȻȺɅɖɇɕɏɂ ɊȿȽɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ
ɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂɃ ɄɅɂɆȺɌȺ
ȼ.ɂ. Ʌɹɥɶɤɨ 1, ɋ. ɇɢɥɶɫɨɧ 2, Ⱥ.Ɂ. ɒɜɢɞɟɧɤɨ 2 , Ⱥ.ɂ. ɋɚɯɚɰɤɢɣ 1,
Ⱥ.ə. ɏɨɞɨɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ 1
1
2
ɐɟɧɬɪ ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɂȽɇ ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ,
01601, Ʉɢɟɜ, ɭɥ. Ɉ.Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɚ, 55 ɛ, E-mail: [email protected];
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (IIASA),
Ʌɚɤɫɟɧɛɭɪɝ, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ, Shlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria,
e-mail: E-mail: [email protected]
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɂȽɇ ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɫ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (IIASA, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ) ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ SPOT-Vegetation ɢ Landsat-7 ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɜ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɋ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɏIɏ ɫɬ. ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɏɏ ɫɬ. ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɧɚ 0,6 -1,5 0ɋ (ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ), ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɋɈ2 – ɧɚ 30% ɢ ɋɇ4 – ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɞɜɨɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ
“ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ” ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ Ʉɢɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɢ ɂɨɝɚɧɟɫɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɦɢɬɚ-2002 ɩɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ “ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ” ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ – ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɋɈ2, ɋɇ4 ɢ ɞɪ. ɝɚɡɨɜ - “ɭɬɟɩɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ ɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɫɥɚɛɟɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ ɋɈ2
ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ, ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɟɫɚɦ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ “ɥɟɝɤɢɯ” ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 2001 – 2004 ɝ.ɝ. ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɐȺɄɂɁ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (IIASA, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ) ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ SPOT-Vegetation (ɡɚ 1999 ɝ.) ɢ Landsat (ɡɚ 1977 – 2000 ɝ.ɝ.) ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɋɈ2 ɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ
ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɥɟɫɚɦɢ, ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨ-ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ “ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ” ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɭɞɟɥɢɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ “ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ” ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ “ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ”. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ȾɁɁ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɋɈ2 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɵ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
1. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɄȺ Landsat
ɢ SPOT VGT ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Cɢɛɢɪɢ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ [1-4]. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɫɬ-ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ.
ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
23
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɟɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɥɢɫɶ ɥɟɫɨɬɚɤɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ [10]:
1. SPOT VGT – 18 ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ S10), ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1.04.1999 – 30.09.1999. ɋɧɢɦɤɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
2500ɯ1600 ɤɦ ɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɫɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɋɧɢɦɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ 1ɯ1 ɤɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɡɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɋɴɟɦɤɚ SPOT VGT ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ: 1 - 430 – 470 ɧɦ (Blue); 2 - 610 –680 ɧɦ (Red); 3 - 780 –890 ɧɦ (NIR) ; 4 1580 –1750 ɧɦ (SWIR).
2. Landsat-7 – 7 ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɜ 7 ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ. ɋɧɢɦɤɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɥɟɬɨɦ 1999 ɢ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ, ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɧɢɦɤɚɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɢɱɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ArcInfo.
ȼɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɫ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɧɢɦɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ERDAS Imagine [5] ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɫ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ Landsat - 7 ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ERDAS Imagine. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ Ɇɚɯɚɥɨɧɨɛɢɫɚ [5]. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ.
ɋɭɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ: ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɨɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɡɚɦɟɪɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ Landsat-7. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ERDAS
Imagine ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɟɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɨɬɚɤɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ (ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɟɫɤɢ ɢ
ɬ.ɞ.). ȼɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ 72 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɬɭɪ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɫɰɟɧ Landsat-7.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨ
ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɥɟɫɚɦ, ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɦ ɲɟɥɤɨɩɪɹɞɨɦ (Dendrolimus sibiricus).
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɚɦ ɥɟɫɨɬɚɤɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ ɢ ɧɟɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ: ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɩɢɤɫɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
(30ɯ30 ɦ), ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 1 ɝɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ 12 – ɛɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɚɥɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ Landsat-7
ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 8-10 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ (ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 75 – 85 %). ȼ ɪɹɞɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɬɟɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɫɨɬɚɤɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɨɣ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɦ ɫ Landsat-7 ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ
ɫɧɢɦɤɚɦɢ SPOT VGT, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ) ɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɲɟɜɥɟ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ SPOT VGT ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɚ
ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɤɪɭɝ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɪɢ
24
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɵɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɜ ɬɟɫɬ-ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɨɬɚɤɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɝɟɤɬɚɪɚɦɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɢɤɫɟɥ SPOT VGT ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜ 100 ɝɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ SPOT VGT
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɹɪɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ SPOT VGT ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚ “Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ” ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ NDVI ɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ, ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
2. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɦ
Landsat ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
Ɉɛɳɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ IIASA ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ʉɢɨɬɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ 1997 ɝɨɞɚ. ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɜɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɥɢ Ʉɢɨɬɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɥɟɫɨɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɢ ɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚ “Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ” (ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɋɢɛɢɪɶ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ Landsat ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ Landsat
MSS (ɡɚ 21 ɢɸɧɹ 1977 ɝɨɞɚ) ɢ Landsat – 7 (22.06.2000 ɝ.). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ 23 ɝɨɞɚ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ERDAS Imagine, ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ [5].
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɧɟɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ
ɧɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɟ Landsat MSS (21.06.1977), ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ ɧɚɲɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ. ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɡɚ 23 ɝɨɞɚ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɭɜɲɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɦɩɚ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɭɬɶ ɡɚ 15-20
ɥɟɬ. Ɍɟɦɩɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 1). ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ,
ɩɨɠɚɪɢɳ, ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ
ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚ “Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ”
(Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ 9456 ɤɜ.ɤɦ)
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ (ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ, ɞɨ 30 ɥɟɬ)
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ (ɫɬɚɪɲɟ 30 ɥɟɬ)
Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ (ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ, ɞɨ 30 ɥɟɬ)
Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ (ɫɬɚɪɲɟ 30 ɥɟɬ)
ɇɟ ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɥɭɝɚ, ɛɨɥɨɬɚ, ɜɵɪɭɛɤɢ
ɡɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
ȼɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɍɭɱɢ, ɬɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɬɭɱ
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
21.06.1977
Landsat MSS
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɤɜ.ɤɦ
2330
2070
875
1183
2919
79,4
9456,4
ɂɡɦɟɧɟ-ɧɢɹ
ɩɥɨɳɚ-ɞɟɣ
22.06.2000
Landsat-7
%
25
22
9
12
31
1
100
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɤɜ.ɤɦ
1904
1704
2067
2196
1290
80
213
9454
%
%
20
18
22
23
14
-5
-4
+13
+11
-17
1
2
100
0
+2
0
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫ25
ɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ.
3. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɥɟɫɚ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɈ2 ɜ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
ɋɈ2 ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɋɈ2 ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ.
Ⱦɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɨɥɨɬɧɨ-ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɋɈ2, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ (ɦɚɣ-ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ) ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɨɬɧɨ-ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɈ2 ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɧɚɞ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ
+184 ɝC/ɦ2. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɈ2 ɢ NH4 ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɬɚɹɧɢɹ ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
ɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɯ [9].
ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ 1961 – 1998 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ IIASA, Forestry Project - Nilsson, S.,
Shvidenko, A. and V. Stolbovoi [8]. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɨɱɬɢ 40 ɥɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ (2,5-3 ɪɚɡɚ) ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɋɈ2, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɜɨɡɪɨɫ ɡɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚ 123%. ɂɬɚɤ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɷɬɨɬ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɜɵɡɜɚɧ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɈ2
ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɧɢɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɡɚ ɷɬɢ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɴɟɦɨɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫ 1977 ɩɨ 2000 ɝɨɞ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ, ɧɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɵɪɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ, ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
[6,7,10].
Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɋɈ2 ɜ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
1. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
Landsat-7 ɢ SPOT Vegetation ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ.
2. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ.
3. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɛɪɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɟɳɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɢɝɧɚɬɭɪ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ.
4. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚ «Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ» (ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɋɢɛɢɪɶ) ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ Landsat ɡɚ 23 ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
2.
26
Ʌɟɫɚ ɋɋɋɊ. Ɇ.:, «ɇɚɭɤɚ», ɬ. 4. 1969, - ɋ. 350-387.
Ʌɹɥɶɤɨ ȼ.ɂ, ɋɚɯɚɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ɂ., ɏɨɞɨɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ə., Ȼɭɹɧɨɜɚ ɂ.ə. ɢ ɞɪ.. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɟɫ-
ɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɑȺɗɋ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ) // Ʉɨɫɦɿɱɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɿ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɹ, 2002.
Ɍ.8. N 2/3. C. 239 – 246.
3. Ɇɨɥɱɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ // Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1971. 276 ɫ.
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