OBFBQ?KDBCKHKL:<:GL:JDLBQ?KDHCFHJKDHCA<?A>U B??J?:DPBYG:=EML:FBGH<MX BDBGMJ?GH<MXDBKEHLU ODONTASTER

;BHEH=BYFHJYlhf‹k406–408
M>D
;BHOBFBY
OBFBQ?KDBCKHKL:<:GL:JDLBQ?KDHCFHJKDHCA<?A>U
ODONTASTER VALIDUSB??J?:DPBYG:=EML:FBGH<MX
BDBGMJ?GH<MXDBKEHLU1,2
‹]L>`Zg_kdbKJZdmaZKms_\kdbc
Hl^_e_gb_:glZjdlbq_kdhc[bheh]bbIhevkdZyZdZ^_fbygZmd
MkljamkdZ<ZjrZ\ZIhevrZ
_-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
KlZlvyijbgylZdi_qZlb]
Mfhjkdhca\_a^uOdontaster validuskh^_j`Zgb_[_edZkhklZ\ey_lhlkmohcfZkku:fbghdbkehlguc
khklZ\ oZjZdl_jbam_lky hq_gv \ukhdbf mjh\g_f ]ebpbgZ =emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ \ dhgp_gljZpbb
10ffheve\fhjkdhc\h^_\uau\Z_lm\_ebq_gb_kdhjhklbf_lZ[hebafZm]heh^guoO. validusWlZj_Zdpbymkbeb\Z_lky k m\_ebq_gb_f i_jbh^Z ]heh^Zgby >\moqZkh\h_ \ha^_ckl\b_ dbgmj_gh\hc dbkehlu \ dhgp_gljZpbb
0.1ffheve[ehdbjm_lj_ZdpbxgZ]emlZfbgh\mxdbkehlm
Dexq_\u_keh\Z]emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZdbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZfhjkdZya\_a^ZOdontaster validus.
Chemical composition of the Antarctic starfish Odontaster validus and its reaction to glutamic and kynurenic
acids. T. Janecki, S. Rakusa-Suszczewski (Department of Antarctic Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ustrzycka
10/12, 02-141, Warsaw, Poland)
The protein content in dry body mass of the starfish Odontaster validus is 30%. Amino acid composition is characterized by a very high level of glycine (27%). Glutamic acid in a concentration of 10 mmol/liter in sea water causes an
increase in metabolic rate of starved O. validus. With increasing starvation period, this reaction is enhanced. A two-hour
exposure to kynurenic acid in a concentration of 0.1 mmol/liter blocks reaction to glutamic acid. (Biologiya Morya,
Vladivostok, 2004, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 406–408).
Key words: glutamic acid, kynurenic acid, starfish, Odontaster validus.
Odontaster validus .RHKOHU ± h^bg ba gZb[he__
fZkkh\uo \b^h\ fhjkdbo a\_a^ \ :^fbjZel_ckdhf aZeb\_
h\ Dhjhey =_hj]Z X`gu_ R_leZg^kdb_ hkljh\Z h[blZxsbc \ rbjhdhf ^bZiZahg_ ]em[bg Presler, Figielska, 1997).
KujZyfZkkZl_eZO. validusfh`_l^hklb]Zlv]0F&OLQWRFN
HWDOWlZfhjkdZya\_a^Z\k_y^gZghbgh]^Z\_^_lk_[y
dZd obsgbd g_djhnZ] beb nblhnZ] 'HDUERUQ 0F&OLQWRFNHWDO>hkboihjobfbq_kdbckhklZ\l_eZwlh]h\b^Z g_ [ue ba\_kl_g Hkh[_gghklb ih\_^_gby b f_lZ[hebafZ
O. validusbamq_guDb^Z\Z.LGDZDKh]eZkghgZ[ex^_gbyf -DQHFNL 5DNXVD6XV]F]HZVNL HW DO .LGDZD
]emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ hdZau\Z_l \ebygb_ gZ kdhjhklv
f_lZ[hebq_kdbo ijhp_kkh\ m ZglZjdlbq_kdbo [_kiha\hghqguoHgZbaf_gy_lqZklhlmk_j^_qguokhdjZs_gbcby\ey_lky
ijbqbghc baf_g_gby bo ih\_^_gby Hlf_q_gh lZd`_ qlh m
fhjkdbo`b\hlguo]emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZb]jZ_l\Z`gmxjhev
dZdobfbq_kdbcklbfmeylhj
P_ev ^Zgghc jZ[hlu ± obfbq_kdbc ZgZeba O. validus b
bamq_gb_j_Zdpbb^Zggh]h\b^ZgZ]emlZfbgh\mxbdbgmj_gh\mxdbkehlu
FZl_jbZe b f_lh^bdZ Bkke_^h\Zgb_ ijh\h^beb \ yg\Zj_ ] gZ ZglZjdlbq_kdhc klZgpbb + $jdlh\kdbc b \
Ihevr_Hkh[_cOdontaster validuskh[jZgguogZ]em[bg_±
fkh^_j`Zeb\Zd\ZjbmfZokfhjkdhc\h^hcijbl_fi_jZlmj_ ºK >ey ijh\_^_gby obfbq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ wda
O. validus [ueb i_j_\_a_gu \ Ihevrm \ fhjkdhc \h^_ \ oheh^ghf dhgl_cg_j_ < l_q_gb_ kmlhqghc ljZgkihjlbjh\db
`b\hlguo g_ dhjfbeb gh j_]meyjgh f_gyeb \h^m \ ljZgkihjlguoj_a_j\mZjZo<k_`b\hlgu_ijb[ueb\imgdlgZagZq_gby\ohjhr_fkhklhygbb
1
2
KmomxfZkkml_eZkh^_j`Zgb_[_edh\`bjh\wnbjguc
wdkljZdl b aheu hij_^_eyeb k ihfhsvx klZg^Zjlguo f_lh^bd :H:K :fbghdbkehlguc khklZ\ ZgZebabjh\Zeb
ihke_ijh\_^_gby]b^jhebaZqg+&Okbkihevah\Zgb_f
Zfbghdbkehlgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZ %HFNPDQ lbi F_lbhgbg
bpbkl_bghij_^_eyebihf_lh^mFhhjZ0RRUHljbilhnZg±ihf_lh^mW]]mfZ(JJXP
Wdki_jbf_glu ih bkke_^h\Zgbx ^uoZgby ijh\h^beb \
oheh^ghceZ[hjZlhjbbgZklZgpbbG$jdlh\kdbcG_kdhevdhhkh[_cO. validuskh^_j`Zeb\]_jf_lbqghaZiZygguokl_deygguoj_a_j\mZjZo_fdhklvxfe\l_q_gb_q\ohjhrh
Zwjbjh\Zgghcfhjkdhc\h^_ijbl_fi_jZlmj_ºKbkhe_ghklbÅIhlj_[e_gb_dbkehjh^Zhij_^_eyebhdkb^bf_ljhf
:7:/) /]emlZfbgh\mx b dbgmj_gh\mx dbkehlu bkihevah\Zeb \ dhgp_gljZpbb b ffheve fhjkdhc \h^u
khhl\_lkl\_gghIh^hiulguofhjkdboa\_a^g_dhjfbeb\l_q_gb_bg_^<h[s_ckeh`ghklbijh\_^_ghq_luj_\ZjbZglZwdki_jbf_glh\ih^uoZgbxO. validus.
LZ[ebpZHkgh\ghcobfbq_kdbckhklZ\Odontaster validus
IhdZaZl_ev
FZkkZl_eZ]
kujZy
kmoZy
;_edb Ebib^u
x ± SD
9.0±5.2 2.1±1.1 30.3±1.2
(n wda
3.3±0.3
AheZ
39.1±0.2
<ijhp_glZohlkmohcfZkkul_eZ
I j b f _ q Z g b _A^_kvb\lZ[e: n±dhebq_kl\h`b\hlguowda
JZ[hlZ\uiheg_gZijbnbgZgkh\hcih^^_j`d_]jZglZ‹PO4F 023 25.
I_j_\h^K<Ohlbfq_gdh
406
OBFBQ?KDBCKHKL:<
407
LZ[ebpZ:fbghdbkehlguckhklZ\]]N §]][_edZfhjkdhca\_a^uOdontaster validuskjZaghckujhcfZkkhcl_eZ
Ij_^_eukujhcfZkku]
:fbghdbkehlZ
=ebpbg
=emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZ
:kiZjZ]bgh\ZydbkehlZ
:j]bgbg
E_cpbg
:eZgbg
K_jbg
Ebabg
Ijhebg
<Zebg
Lj_hgbg
Bahe_cpbg
N_gbeZeZgbg
Lbjhabg
=bklb^bg
Pbklbg
F_lbhgbg
LjbilhnZg
3.9–4.9
6.3–8.5
14.9
21.2
x ± SD
(n = 2)
(n = 6)
(n = 1)
(n = 1)
(™ )
24.41
11.24
9.10
5.99
5.70
5.19
4.97
5.16
4.19
4.35
4.22
3.45
3.25
3.10
1.63
1.53
1.65
–
28.84
11.49
9.24
6.08
5.42
5.29
5.15
5.19
4.59
4.20
4.23
3.33
3.08
3.07
1.64
1.46
1.60
0.82
26.72
11.38
9.08
6.10
5.32
5.48
5.32
5.02
4.60
4.15
4.18
3.24
3.04
2.95
1.56
1.55
1.55
0.84
28.10
11.37
8.92
6.25
5.74
5.43
5.20
5.28
4.53
4.37
4.20
3.51
3.08
3.14
1.62
1.5
1.51
0.9
27.02±1.95
11.37±0.10
9.09±0.13
6.11±0.11
5.55±0.21
5.35±0.13
5.16±0.15
5.16±0.11
4.48±0.19
4.27±0.11
4.21±0.02
3.38±0.12
3.11±0.09
3.07±0.08
1.61±0.04
1.51±0.04
1.57±0.04
0.85±0.04
J_amevlZlu b h[km`^_gb_ ;_edb khklZ\eyxl kmohc fZkku l_eZ fhjkdhc a\_a^u Odontaster validus lZ[e :fbghdbkehlguckhklZ\mijhZgZebabjh\Zgguowda_fieyjh\g_aZ\bkbfhhlbofZkkul_eZ[uekoh^gufHgoZjZdl_jbah\Zeky hq_gv \ukhdbf kh^_j`Zgb_f ]ebpbgZ gZ dhlhjuc
ijboh^behkv\k_oZfbghdbkehllZ[eMjh\_gv]ebpbgZ[ue\jZaZ\ur_q_f\ijhl_bgZofur_qghcldZgbju[
&RZH\ HW DO b [he__ q_f \ jZa \ur_ q_f \ ldZgb
djbey )HUJXVRQ 5D\PRQW Kh^_j`Zgb_ ^jm]bo Zfbghdbkehlmfhjkdboa\_a^ju[bdjbey[uehh^bgZdh\uf
=heh^Zgb_hdZau\ZehaZf_lgh_\ebygb_gZkdhjhklvf_lZ[hebq_kdboijhp_kkh\mO. validusKh]eZkghDb^Z\Z.LGD
ZDmgZdhjfe_gguofhjkdboa\_a^wlh]h\b^Zkdhjhklv
f_lZ[hebafZ gZ \ur_ q_f m hkh[_c ]heh^Z\rbo \ l_q_gb_ h^gh]h f_kypZ JZg__ fu ihdZaZeb qlh ]emlZfbgh\Zy
dbkehlZfh`_l[ulvibs_\ufZlljZdlZglhfbebj_i_ee_glhf
ZlZd`_fh`_l\ebylvgZkdhjhklvf_lZ[hebq_kdboijhp_kkh\
b ih\_^_gb_ fgh]bo ZglZjdlbq_kdbo [_kiha\hghqguo )DQWD
Kidawa, 1999; Janecki, 1999; Rakusa-Suszczewski et al., 1999;
Kidawa, 2000).
Ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_ihihlj_[e_gbxdbkehjh^ZihdZaZeb qlh /]emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ \ dhgp_gljZpbb ffheve
m\_ebqb\Z_l kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ m O. validus q_f ^hevr_
i_jbh^ ]heh^Zgby l_f [hevr_ kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ lZ[e
Ihke_g_^kh^_j`Zgbyfhjkdboa\_a^[_aibsbhgZ\hajhkeZ^hZkimklyg_^±^hKdhjhklvihlj_[e_gby
dbkehjh^Ziheh`bl_evghdhjj_ebjm_lkfZkkhcl_eZm]heh^guobgZdhjfe_gguoO. validus.LGDZD<gZrbowdki_jbf_glZo ]heh^Z\rb_ g_^ `b\hlgu_ \ l_q_gb_ q ih^\_j]Zebkv\ha^_ckl\bxdbgmj_gh\hcdbkehluaZl_fhgb[ueb
ihf_s_gu \ jZkl\hj /]emlZfbgh\hc dbkehlu Fu g_ h[gZjm`beb m\_ebq_gby kdhjhklb f_lZ[hebafZ m ^Zgguo hkh[_c
\hlebqb_hl`b\hlguoih^\_j]Z\rboky\ha^_ckl\bxlhevdh
]emlZfbgh\hcdbkehlulZ[e
Ih^h[gu_ j_Zdpbb hlf_q_gu m g_djhnZ]Z ZglZjdlbq_kdhc Zfnbih^u Abyssorchomene plebs (Janecki, Rakusa6XV]F]HZVNL \ i_qZlb Dbgmj_gh\Zy dbkehlZ kZfZ ih
k_[_ g_ \uau\Z_l dZdboeb[h baf_g_gbc gb \kdhjhklb f_lZ[hebafZgb\ih\_^_gbbO. validus.LGDZDHkgh\u\Zykv gZ ihemq_gguo j_amevlZlZo fh`gh k^_eZlv \u\h^ h lhf
qlhdbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZ\dhgp_gljZpbbffheve[ehdbjm_l j_p_ilhju ]emlZfbgh\hc dbkehlu m fhjkdbo a\_a^ Wlh
ih^l\_j`^Z_l ]bihl_am ba dhlhjhc ke_^m_l qlh /]emlZfb
gh\Zy dbkehlZ y\ey_lky i_j_ghkqbdhf bgnhjfZpbb b]jZ_l
\Z`gmxjhev\ljhnho_fhj_p_ipbbmbkke_^h\ZgguoZglZjdlbq_kdbo`b\hlguo
LZ[ebpZ KujZy fZkkZ l_eZ Ww kdhjhklv ^uoZgby R b kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ MR m Odontaster validus ihke_ bg_^_evgh]h]heh^Zgby
<ZjbZglwdki_jbf_glZ
=heh^Zgb_g_^
=heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve
=heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve
=heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve
ihke_Kynffheve
Ww±SD]
R±SDff3 O2bg^q
MR±SDff3 O2]q
21.3±6.0
27.4±7.9
20.6±5.9
128.5±58.5
217.2±65.4
199.5±61.2
5.94±1.87
7.99±1.61
9.68±1.36
20.5±1.1
113.2±46.7
5.47±2.06
I j b f _ q Z g b _Glu±]emlZfbgh\ZybKyn±dbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZ
;BHEH=BYFHJYlhf‹
408
>@:G?KDB, J:DMA:-KMS?<KDBC
:\lhju \ujZ`Zxl [eZ]h^Zjghklv \k_f qe_gZf ;;9
IhevkdhcZglZjdlbq_kdhcwdki_^bpbb±]]aZl_ogbq_kdmxihfhsv
KIBKHD EBL?J:LMJU
AOAC. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists: 15th ed. Washington. 1990. Ch. 32.
Cowey C.B., Daisley K.W., Parry G. Study of amino acids, free
or as components of protein, and of some B vitamins in
the tissue of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, during
spawning migration // Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1962.
Vol. 7. P. 29–38.
Dearborn J.H. Food and feeding characteristics of Antarctic asteroids and ophiuroids // Adaptations within Antarctic ecosystems. Houston: Gulf Publishing. 1977. P. 293–326.
Eggum B.O. Determination of tryptophan // Acta Agric. Scand.
1968. Vol. 18. P. 127–131.
Fanta E., Kidawa A. The effect of amino acids and amphipod extract on the respiratory metabolism of the Antarctic spiny
plunderfish, Harpagifer antarcticus (Nybelin, 1947) // Pol.
Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46, no. 3–4. P. 297–302.
Ferguson C.F., Raymont J.K.B. Biochemical studies on marine
zooplankton. XII. Further investigations on Euphausia superba Dana // J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 1974. Vol. 54.
P. 719–725.
Janecki T. Reactions of Antarctic sea urchins Sterechinus neumayeri (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) to glutamic acid and
glucose // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46, no. 3–4.
P. 325–330.
Kidawa A. Chemoreception in Branchinecta gaini (Anostraca,
Crustacea) – the impact of glutamic and kynurenic acids //
Pol. Polar Stud. XXVII Polar Symp. 2000. P. 61–64.
Kidawa A. Antarctic starfish, Odontaster validus, distinguish between fed and starved conspecifics // Polar Biol. 2001.
Vol. 24. P. 408–410.
Kidawa A. Behawioralne i metaboliczne reakcje antarktycznej
rozgwiazdy Odontaster validus .RHKOHU Z\ZRáDQH
UHFHSFM V\JQDáyZ WURIRFKHPLF]Q\FK VW HG =%$ 3$1
2002. (In Polish).
McClintock J.B., Pears J.S., Bosh I. Population structure and energetics of the shallow-water antarctic sea star Odontaster
validus in contrasting habitats // Mar. Biol. 1988. Vol. 99.
P. 235–246.
Moore S. On the determination of cysteine and cysteic acid // J.
Biochem. Chem. 1963. Vol. 238. P. 235–237.
Presler P., Figielska E. New data on the Asteroidea of Admiralty
Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands // Pol.
Polar. Res. 1997. Vol. 18. P. 107–117.
Rakusa-Suszczewski S., Kidawa A., Janecki T. The effect of amino
acids on the respiration and hart beat of necrophagous Antarctic amphipods // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46,
no. 1. P. 3–8.
;BHEH=BYFHJYlhf‹