турция в период правления партии справедливости и развития

!
"
2012
.
.
., 2012, 238
!
*
!
.
"
!
.
.#. $%
. . & $"
"
!
' (
!
!)
%
-
ISBN 978-5-89282-524-5
ISBN 978-5-89394-238-5
$ + '" ! '
,
$*
)
'
$ .
/ « $ ' + (
0
! :
/
)" (2002–2011)» (12
* 2011 +.,
!
!
*
,
! ) ) !*0
$
$
$% "- )
$ ' ) $
+
/ $% 1
'
+
!
*
/ ! 2000- ++.
2 +
) / $
!-!
!
!,
(
! ,0 - *
*
'
$ !
+
3$ ( +
.
ISBN 978-5-89282-524-5
ISBN 978-5-89394-238-5
3$ (
+
!
*
0
&
.................................................................................................. 4
+ "
. .
! )!
:
'
. .
:
'
'
:
! '
<
1990-4 2000-4 22................................................... 19
9;
'
. .
!
. .
!"
-=
'
(
!
)
(
'
(
9 .... 47
(
(
........................................................ 63
)
#
(
(
(
'
(9
)9 9 !
!
. .$
:
'
(
. .
? ..... 7
9
9
9; (
)
<
! ..................................... 79
"%! " %"
(
(
(
( ;
.............................................................................................. 91
. .
'
"
- )
. .&
. .
(
'
)
........105
9
!
<(
XXI ".
'
....127
(
-
). .
!
9
'
9
(
:
-
'
-
!
!=
(
..................142
!"
<
) (
<
(
..................................................157
.).) '*%
:!
!
!
<
9 «;
!
» .........................................................................................................168
'
. . +% %' "
!
9<
)
'
:
9
3
..............................186
(
" .
# 6
2000- 22. #/
+
%
#" + $
1 # / *. " .
..
8
2 &*
/ "
* 0
. * " 5
8
.
, " " # 0 +
$
/ %
. /&#
& *4
>
14. ( " +, " (
0 " &+ "
%"
1 (( ), 0 " &1
# " %, & 1 +
. >
*4
5 .
&
"> ,
2 , $
# 6 1 " >+ " &" &6
# " &#7 4 8
.
.
,
"
7
+
. 6 % * 6 + : "*"
# 6 3 2023 2. –
+
.# 3 + 3
%&
1
0# +
– 0 # " 3
6 +, -8
. $
2
%"
1 " & 1 # #0
> 4 8
.
.
.
"* / . 4
%.*
+ % 6
. >
*4 0+
"?
$ . «
» (
«& .
0
»,
/&*.
"*. "*
. + >,
7 " 37
"
8+
+, *
0
6 +?
"* %& /
#
2
6 +, -8
. $
2
%"
1 . &
% 6
2 #&
"
-0 +
$
.*?
( 4 & "+
(
0 " &+ "
%"
1
&/ 0 = & 2
,0
& ">
0 + .
4 "*
4 2002 2.,
%# "*%" + &
#
3 "
& 8 0
"
0 +
"
#&#7 . # 6
& .
"
1
.
0 +
$
2
+ &> 5 « "
# 6 ».
+,
* 0 +
+ 2
/#
+
*" 0
1+
/ &
#3 0
&# «. + & »
0
$ +
"
80 4 "
*, 2+ "
$ & +/ *
,
6 +, -0 +
$
5 .*
0 . & + 4
4 & .
" "
.
% " >
% 1 #"> 2 1
5+
. /&# + .
.
«+ 6
. ».
#2
"
, %
& 1+ ,, $
(
0 & # " & " . 8
2 $ *4 0 +
"
&/ 0 = & 2
&#++ 4
3+1, 0 " "> 4
«
*. »
+ .
. 0
1.
&/.
=
, 0 " &
# 6 3 0 0# & +,
>
. &
% 6
. # .*.
#>
. «% #+
2 2 #&
" » "
8+ * (derin devlet)
2
"
*. 0
#0
+, *.
6 +, -8
. $
.
0 +
$
.
%"
.
*.
*
%*" + ,,
$ ,
+
/ *
6
, 0 &
0
0
4
2 ">
0 +
+, *4 0 2 % " "
>
0 +
&/ 0 = & 2
#&#7 2
# 6
0 & "+
,3 «#.
*4
+ .
"»,
0 6 %. "
4 /
*+ . + .
( "* 9 +
0 "+
1 (
$ + " 0
% + ,
+,
. .& + 0
"
$ "
& % $
0 +
$
1
2 1
0
0
&/ 0 = & 2
.
&*,
"
.+
«0 & 1 # ,» # 6 3 &
" 0
2 # " 1 $
% 8
. $
&.
" 0 +
$
5 .* "
"
"
« 0 2 2
.
1. » &+1 " #0+
1 " " 0
3%.
& #2
–
$
+, 2 # 0 4 8
. $
4
5 .
+, 2 8
. $
2
%"
*"
.
0
0
"0 +
$
4 00
" #" + $
. $ + «#%
"
"
»
«2 #&
"
*4 0
#0
"» " 2008–2011 22.,
$ " & *
#0+
1
0
6 0 " +
+,
& .
,. >
*
*4 & /
0
+
"
.
3.
$ "
.+
(
""
" 0 "
#
7
"
-0 +
$
&
#
& 6
* 0
+ .*
%
+ .
"
1
% 0
>
0+ - 3
+ /
.
0 6 +, *4 0 " + 0
#0+
1
"
)* &+1 "*0#
"
+ 2 % *4 > + . . "-4
".
8
1& . /
0
" , . 2 $ +
* 0 . * 5 " %. 0
>
3
+ .
. & . (+3&1., "1%
*.
. , "*4 &6 . %
2
% 6 , 0 &
*4 &" /
3
! ++
? 3>, 0 + & "
+1.
4#++ 4
3+
. &.), * 0 "
0+
.
% 0 + 13
%+ $ *
&. " * 0
* ( 2+ " .# 6 0 +
"& &
"
# " &
+
% "
+, *4 #$ /&
).
(
+ %
5 . 6
" > " #
0 +
$ / %
# 6
5
$ " & *4 %.
6
*4
#
"
"
.
* # 6 2
7
" ,
0
1/
0 + & 4 & 1
+
0 && / " 37 2 0
+ .
4 0 + " %
.
" %
" 0
,
4 &
+
# 6 1 –
.
$
0 + & "
+,
–
0#
«
#+1
2 »
6 +, 2
0 +
$
2
%"
1 – " 2 , $
.
#& . " & 1+ ,
"
+ . # 6
0# +
– !# 5
. + .
3
..
( $ .#
5
# " 1 / % ,
+, 2 #" + $ 10
%
+ &#> " 2 & 4 & ( & 2 % 2+ " *4 &
/
6 +, -8
. $
2
%"
1
$
1 1983 2.) # 6
7
"
"
1 "
+
"
" *.?
5
0 $ 50% # 6 4 %
+
& 3 "
2 + + .
"
#3 (
?
$ . 0 $
«
% 6 »
7
" – "
+
.# 0 +
( ,
"* #0 37 1
+ %
. 0 &
*4 0 6
", + / 8
%#+,
. 2 +
2 0
"
1 1 + 6 %.
+ . %. ,
0 " +
+,
/ &
*.
% 0 2 ..
"
*.
0 + & " 1.?
" 6
#
2
6 +, -8
. $
2
%"
1?
. .& + %
10 &
"+1 « "* 0# ,»,
0
.#
&/ 0 = & 2
2 0
1 " &#
# 6 3?
+ >, 0
+ %
+, * 0
$ , " 0
",
* 0* 3 1& , " * "
*
, " > &> 4 "
17
.
" " 4 " +3$
*4 "
" – & + &*,
0 &
"+
*
#$
5
6
« + .
2 /& 7
" : # 6
0* (2002–2011)» "
# "
" &
1
12 &
1 2011 2.
%
%
., $
0
. .
6
. .
.
.
,
,
. .
! )!
9
'
:
?
XIX ". "
.
.0
"
0 " & + ,
5 .* " 0 % 6 .
+ ,
. , 2 #&
"
2
#0 "+
1,
% "
1.
0 >
" & 1+ , &
/
1
% 0 &
6 " + % 6 .
8
0
4 & + "
, 2&
2 % 6 1
. ,
.* #0 "+
1
0 " & " 1 / % ,
7
"
%
" + ,
+ .
+ 2 .
0
1/
"
" "
.
.0
0
++ +,
"
. .0
. 2 #&
"
*. 00
. #7
" " + $
# #
"
*
+ 2 % *
00
,
+ #37
"
* / %
2 #&
"
7
" .
2
" &
4 & + ,
+,
+ 2 % - #+, "*
1&*,
" 0
" #37 4 "
+ 2 % . &#4 , %&
5 ",
&
1"> 4 +
#/& "> 4 &
" 1 "+
,
4
>
2
% "
1 #&
1
. . !# #+,.
#&, –
–
% $ + , " "
0 &"+
*
.
.# 2 #&
"# % .+ .
4 *+
" 1
4 1, " 4 & "> 1
$
%
2 –
#+
#.
0 &$ 1+ , .
*. "+
1. ,
$
*" + "
, 0
".
.
*.
+
. 0 ++
" +
6
#,
#1 %+ #0
+
1 .
&.
6 . =
*+ " 1
"+137 1 #0 "+ $
# # * .0
,
+ #37 1
7
"
2 #&
"
0
8 .
+
+ %1
&#, $ . "
1.
#
"+ " + 6 *
*
4, 0 " 1+ 0 " +,
, "% .
1
+ 2 ". =
"4 & + " 4 0
1 *
1%
1&# $
#&
,
+,
.# 0 &
& 1 +,
,3.
1% *
*+
" . " / ., 0
4 & "> .
0 &"+
.
,
7 , " 6
,
$
1 4 . 1 .
,
" 4 0
"
0 %" +1+
/ , 1 .
%
,3
,
#.
. "
# 4. .
2
6
*
2
7
–
– &
1 &
" &
1
.
2+#
& .
& " +, " .
+1
.# #+,.
2
+
1 .0
*+
%&
" 1
.
+ 2 % *4
7 ,
1"> 1 4
2 #&
"
2 #0 "+
1
2 -+
"+ 1 1
0 +
#
2 #&
" ,
0 %" +1"> 1 / , 0
"
*. 0 " + .
*$ 1.,
"17
*. 4
+ 2
. =
+
– "
. 1 –
5
+, *4
7
(
)
/
"17 + ,
+ .
. 0 &0
1. ,
+ 2 % * 2+ "*
"*#0 + 0
& #+
. "+
1.
"
"
* % " 3
«0
"#» % 7
".
1 &
+,
%
1 &"
"
1
+ 2 % "
1
# # "+
+, 1 . 1 0 %" + +
.
.0
, "
*. 0 +
2 4 + 5
+
. 2#7
"
*.
& +2 " $ *.
+ .
. 2 #&
" .,
0
#7
" " , "*> 600 +
" +3$ , " "
" 2. *
–
) 0 & 2
" % & !
,
< .
&
* #
( & + .
.
. 8
"17
1
+ . . $
,
2 1
0 &
+,
, " 4
/ %
2 #&
"
7
"
. 2+
0 01
" " , & +,
> .# 2
%"
3
"+
3.
+#$
%# 0 + 0 "+
1 #+
#+ .
I (1520–1566), %"
2 " # 6
#
–
)
&
+,, " " 0 – #+ .
+
+ 0 * ," . .
7
" % 2 "
+
" #
.
%
. «) +
" »
#+ .
$
+,
5 .
" +
.
#3 2 #&
"
#3
# # #, 5 . +
5 " . > 4-#+,- + . "
. +1
= # #& -85 & ,
/ % ,
" +
%"
1
0
7
1
. . &
% 6
*. 0 6
.,
*
% " + " " . 2& > . .
. XVII–XVIII "".
+ &+1 .0
0
& .
#0+
1,
+,2
0
*+ .# " + $ 3,
" .
. 0
0
"> 4 " #
4
#&
,
0 %/ – "
*4 0
/
+, *4 0
,.
0
4 & +
%.
1, "" & + , # " > " "
1.
8 . 0#
*+
0
&*,
0 . ,0
% "
1 " %
" ?0 3+3
. ! 4. &-0 > .
$
1
+
#
4
%*" 3
*$
«
& 6
*.
5 . . »,
%
2 " 37 .
" .0
# # *
" +36
% #37 .
7
" .
* 0
/
1
6 XVIII ".
0
% + / %
#3
4 & .
,
+
&
+, *4 0
% "
.
5 .*
+ . III (1789–1807), ! 4.#& II (1808–1839)
/ %
8
,
2
> &-0 > (1800–1858) 0 & + 0 % "
1.
4 & .
#
. 4 "1%*" 3
*$
0 1 1. "
% 6 , " 0 % 6 , " 0
4 % ." "
.
8 ,
%#.
1, *+ . *+
0
+, "
" " 0#,
(& + & * % 0
)
2
% 6
. ,
2 #&
"
. #
" , 0 .*>+
.
%"
, #+, #* "*4
14 " 0
4
. ( "+
+ ,
" 0
#
*
"
, 0
" & + ,
2
%& " + , #$
* % " &
1 0
" 0
.#
%6#.
+ " *., &
, *+
+,
" 0
0* ,
, $
% + &+1
4 0
% "
. %-0 & "+
+ .
+ 2
0
0
$ + #4 & ,
. 1, 2 #&
"
*
00
,
.
% "
1.
=
. 2+ 0
4 & ,
% + %
.
#&
"
*
0
"
* XVIII ".,
0 "
+ . . III !#
5 -0 >
. (1755–1808), "
1
5
.
1
$ 4 & 0 " 2 0
&
% .
(>
,
"
> &0 >
0
" +
2 " %
) – "
8
0+
% 0
% "
1, "
4 & .
*4
.
7
" 0
0
"
+
+
# /& + ,.
%"
,$ 0 +
*.
"
* (1853–1856 22.)
5 .
1 & 1 +,
, "
" %
" + ,.
5 .*
#7
"+1+ , 0 & . /&#
& *.
+ ., 0
+
+
&
+, * 4
, %
2 " + " ?
"*
5 *.
7
" " " .
%"
# 0 " + % 8 . 0
% "
1. . #> + ,
"* *+
+ .
6 " + % 6 .
$ , #7
" " ">
" .0
.
+ .
& %" + , & + 2 $
+,,
0 "+
*
4
*+*4 &
/
, . > +
%"
3.
/ "
+ 2 %
&
$
+
% " ,
4 & .
, 0
. .
, /
+ .
2 #&
"
2
%#37
5
, & #
% 0
.0
# # *
7
"
*+
2
" .
+
2 , 0 " & .* 0 & " 0
.
/ . . 0
% "
1
1850–70-4 2 & " " 0
. + ,
+ .
(& 0#
.# #+,.
2 #&
"
"
+#/ ,
"
+ 2
+ /
,
7
#&*, & 0# 0 &
"
+
+ 2 %*4
7
" * >
" 3
6
.0.).
#> + , 0 "*$
6 +,
" "
,
# + " + ,8
+ 2 % * 0
"
$ 1. 0
,
2
0 + /
1 4
>
% " + &
% 0 "*4
4 # + 2 " . .
% ., 0
">
" 1865 2.: « # 6 1 . 2
6,
% .
9
$ , . 2 0 % . " " +
*+ # ) 0 &
# " + , 4 1
7
"0 +
%
+, ,
,
$
,3, * > 11 0 +
+ #+
% & 7
50 + ».
. .# #+,.
0 0
4 /&
3
% .0 &#0 /& + " 4
4
$
+
..
+
14 " 0# 14
%" 1
+ .
4
& ".
& ,
&
4 « " 3» ( #3, "0
#3) 6 " + % 6 3
0
" 7
+,%1. «(
% "
+
* & +/ *
& , 1 "
.
».
0
8 .
0 &$
" +, $ « + .
. /
* , 0 2 &
6 " + % 6 »,
0
"
"#
0
" 7
3,
«5
%.
&#4 "
*,
" /
" ,
" %& % 2+#>
%
&*> 6 " + % 6 ». . .
% ." & +, $
"*
5 .*
0 . 2 3 + >, «#.
37 .# & "
.
.# 0 "
+,"#, + 2 & 1 0 0 $
3… " 0
4 & / " *
01 ,
3
/ " 37 .#» .
"
+, , 0
% "
1 "
0 + " * XIX ".
0 "
+
5 .* %
"
*4
8" +36
*4 &+1
%"
1
* "
+ ., . # 0#
%"
1,
+
2 #&
"
#
# 0 & +
*4 &
/
,
*4
.
+ .
. 0#
%"
1.
%. /
/ 8 2 0#
*+ & +
$ 0 *,
2+ "
–
4
1+ ,
& /
# + " + ,
& *
& /&*,
. "1%
* . & / ,
"+
, " 4#>
.
2
7
" . 2+ + >, + 2 & 1
#, «
! »,
+
%*" ,
/ ., #
"+
*
#+
.
&#+4 . & . III (1876–1909). !+ & # 6 1
" +36 1 1908 2. 0 0*
2 #&
"
2 0
"
1909 2.,
2& "
"0 "*
"
"* #0 +
+ 2 % 1
4
% + 2+#
#
6 +, 2
+ "
.
.
6 1, 0
7
" ,
#
1+
0 & +/ +
&
0 0#
# "
1 &
/
.
" 2 0 2
, . +
2+1&*" 1 ,
*+*
+ .
&
/
1 "
6 +, .
+, " $ + " $
2
7
" .
#/
&#+4 . & II,
.0 &
#2
.+ & #
*+ #/
"*. 0
+
., & +
.
+ .
2
& 6
+ %. , 4 1
% "> . 1
0 +,% "
1
+ . " 0 +
$
4 6 +14. ( " %2+ >
*
2& 0
+ . %.
+
.-+
.
" . +
#+, # *.
" % /&
.,
% &#.*" +
1 .# #+,.
1
++ 2 6 1. +1
.
4 2 #&
"
*4 & 1 +
"* & + 1 " #2#
0 +
$
8 0
+ %# 2
(
0
3
%.), "+
37
" #
40
+ .
*.
10
0
&
6
+, - "
&
+, 2 &" /
1,
$ "> 2 1 0 + ( "
.
"
"
*,
" +
0 "
4
"
2 #&
"
0 "* +
2&
4 & , 1
% #+
-4 + 5 ,
4 & "> 2 1
" «0+ # #
"
*4» ,
+
2 , %& " "> 2 5 "*
#/&
.
, * % " % /&
"
& *.
8 4 # + " 14 *+
% /
+
& .# #+,.
4
+ 2 % *4 & 1 + , $
,
*4 &
" " + "
3%
. +
. .
(
&
6
+, - "
&
+, 2 &" /
1 0 " +
.#, $
. 2+
+,
% + %
% , 1
4 + 5
& /
+3$ , %
#6
5# & .
+, * 0
6 0, $ « + 2 1 # 6 2 2 #&
" –
+ .».
$ + ,
+, "
"
2 2 #&
" ,
0 +,%#37 2
+ 2 3 " 0 +
$
4 6 +14. #&*, 0
" 7 , " #5 1
.
*+
%@1 * % # #+ . ". %.
+ 1
& / " >
+
#
-.# #+,.
( & /& , 2 + " *
#
*).
% + ,
2
+5 "
,
$ + ,
5 .
5
1%* .
# 6
% 2 "
+
«
#4 &17 2
+ . ».
! /&#
.
+ . 0 & +/ + #7
" " ,,
>
.# 0
/& + 2+#
+" # 6 .
7
" .=
4
> 0
% + # 6
0
+,, + #
+ "
0 .
4
( .# " "
2 «
2 5 1
. #+ »:
«
" .
8
%. ,
0 " /& "> 2
%&
"
0# +
0 0+ #
3
,
& +
+ 2
& . " +
.+
* ,
" .
*.
" 0 %
" *., " 8 . *+
+
" 2
&
& + %. ,
*.
. /
*+ 2 & , 1».
&#> /
.
/ %
.
+ 2
%*" + , 0# *..
+
2 ,
# ( .# ,
+ 2 3, . . «2 +
++ 4 ,
7 37 2 1 . #
>
"
$
% "17
*
2
0
"», .*
%" +
0 " ,1.
% 0
.,
#
4 0 " +, «
*.
%>
+
* + &#3 0
"
+# 12
"
/ % ».
+ 2 1
" 0
. + , + >,
, $ . / "# 0
+#2 , 0 "
,
>" 6 *, "+ & +,6* . + 4 + " $ .
– #& +
$
*4
& 1 "
0 . 2
+3&1., 0 0 "> . "
&#. «
#+1 % "
# 6
# /# % »,
+
1
.
( .# , « + > .
+ 2 % * +3& " #> +
0
"
& /
4».
«(
0 $ 1 "1%, . /&#
& *.
++ 4 . "* / + , + >, "
& /&
2 0 . 7,,
$ ,
" / +
11
.
1
. 4
& *4. ! /
& /
% ,, $ .* +,
., $
& 3 1
2 - & #2 2 ,
,$
- & #2
& +/
0 . $, . « 7 , 4 1/ #3
>#», 0
+
.
+ 2$
; &
0
$
+
0
, 0 & % , $
& /&* . /
0
& ,,
2& 8
0 4 /
+3& . 2#
0 +,% " , 2
+# 0
"
».
7?,
/ : «… 2& " # 6
0
% >+
1& .
% 6 1, "
. #+
+ 0
, 1
«0
%*" ,
1 "
7
" »
2 $
% 0 " 6 ,
+,
%
#*
#+1 % 6
,
"+ 1
. % 0 &
#+, # *
*">
0
8 . 0
2 $
». 4 «&#4 " * 2
%
>
, $ . # > 5
" 0 "
"? (
" .
1 7
$ 2
% +
/ +1+ &&
#. ,
14 #5
5 +
5 ,
" +
0
&
#+, # ). " 0 %
"
*
. #+,
# /# "
0 + &
+
0 && / " + "
* 0
"
* ". >
+, "
.
" 0 +
#
0
.#, $
1+ , + "*4
&
+ " (" # 6
2&
*+ &
$
+, 2 + " 2 &" /
1),
.
%-%
4 0
&
., $
& /&*
%>
+
* . 2#
@ &
, 1
2 $ .
%0 " 6
0 &% .
.
+ 2
6
"* #0 , 0
" 4
% / % ».
. +
0
&,
# " /&
# 6
+
#
>2 +,, «".
% "
. 2
+ 2
2 #&
"
7
*+
%&
% "
. 1
2 #&
"
+ 2 1» . &
+ 8 ?
# 0 4
*+
8 . 0#
# . +
"?
#> +
+ 2 % -0 +
$
#3
# # #, &
" " ">#3 "
.
" .1,
, &
#3
.#,
# # #
% "
1, 2
$ +
1& " -. + "
* " %. /
+
1, + " &
" + 8
. $
#3
%#,
+ # .#3
&#4 "
" .. (
# & + #&
*+
0 " >.#
# /# " %. /
1. "+ 1 1 + .
4
+ 2 % *4
& 1 +
2 #&
"
#0 "+
0 +
#.
& "*4 &
% *"
+ 2
"
%
1& "*4 " #37 4
% + ,
+, # 0 > *. . ( 0*
" 0
,
+ 2 % *4 & 1 + , + % 4
. +
. & + ., $
%
> +* . . "-4
" 0 " + + ,. ( 0#+1 * "
$ +, *
. +
0
&
& * & . ,
+,
# *
& #2
% "* 0
"
+, * #$ /&
1 0
0
# $ " +
"
"+ 1
.
/
+
& +, " & * 0 &"
+ 0 - " 0
% "
++ 2 6
" .
.
$
3 " & ,
2
"
"+ 1
,
12
$
0
% > &>
% *" 2 #&
"
+ " &
+, " " + #/ " 1928 2. + %
. +
.
! 4. & # & ?0 3+3, " # 6 ,
> 11 " 2
& 4
#+ 6*,
% #> 3 0 .1
4
# *,
3
0
%" + #&, *
+
6
*.
6
+, *.
$
. & #.
. , " 0 *" 3 "
. " &
. &#4
&
. + & /,.
8 & +
1 0 & + %# 2 . «0 2
»,
>
1
" , % 0
1 0 +#$ ,
" 8
.
"
6
+ " * #&
*+
«"*
.#
+ .#», 0
7
.# "*0 +
3 0 +
$
4 5# 6 , "* > .#
+ 2 % .#
% "
3,
20 +
(1930–1950) *+
0 +
,3 + " &
"
.
+ . " #
& , 8
0
7 . &
" 0
& + 6 . 0
4.
, > %.
#
%. –
$
1, " /&
* & #2 & #2#.
,
%+ $ * 0 " "* > +* –
" ,
% 17
1 " .
0 &
"+
1.
2
% 6
7
" ,
#& $ 37
. /&#
.
2+ "
, . 3 1
%+ $ *
#
,
.
$
" .
+ .– $ ,.
$
1 + 2 1,
.
6 %. .
"
. 0 7 1
+,
2 # +11 . 0 1
,
.
6 %. . /
0 & + ,
5 .#
0
& "
2
7
1 $ + "
/
" ..
+ "
+ 2 14
&#
2
1
*4
*4 0 &0 + 2 3 1 + $
*
/
"
*
"1% , 0
.# "
7
" 4
+, *
& " &# + %.,
+ $
&
$
" ,
" + 2 14 " .
$
2
1–
#& %. , 4
"
+ . 0
#
"#
++ "
$ + .
0 . . 4
«.
.
0 &# 0 . + . 1»
+, 6
"
0
&
"
>
2 ..
+ .
/ 0
# "#
$
0 &
–
++
" *
. +
1,
0 &
1 + 0
. + " , 7#7
1
0
&+ / 7 .
.# .# #+,.
.#
7
"#,
,
.+
" "+ $, "
2
"*4 $+
", 0 $ .
0
.
" ., "
%
>
#
(
* + . ).
(# ,
2# . /
* ,
% *. ( + " « #
»
,
0# ,, . . 0# ,
2#).
/&*
#
0 &+ 2
"
0# ,,
+ 2$ 37
0
7
2#
+#/
.#.
4 0 #
"#3
&
# 17 4 1 & " > ,
%+ $ *
# ,
"*
15 +
5 1 #5 %. .
2&
#
%*" 3
. ,
&
. .
.
%& ,
" .
#. 2
.
5
13
. $ #
+13 " 4 0 " / 6 "
& #2 4
.# #+,. , 1"+13 1
@ .+ .
$
,3 .# #+,.
2
7
" .
&
, 0
+ 2
+ $
.
&
. ,
0 1
+
+ %
,
"
#
.
>
2
1
/ % ,
+ / . /&#
.
# 6
"
17
" .1
*
"
* "
>
8 4
@ &
0 +,%#3
.
–
7
" ,
@ &
. =
.
$
0 . 1+
0+ .
.,
/
*. "
. 0 & %& +
1.. ( &
"+1
1, $
"
+,
,3
"+
#
–
.
,
0
@ &
,
".
0
7
2#.
+ 1 %& " , 7
XII-XIII "".
"
1 0
/ 7 . . 2 4 0 &
"
+
+ 2 % -.
$
4
$
% ! "
4 ,;
%. , ;
. ,
%
&/
,
2 0 ,
,
.
*+ "*4 &6 .
%
%+ $ *4
6 +, *4
#+, # *4 #2 ". ! 2
%
4 .
"
+
%
*" +
"
#5
&
*, 0
+
#$
"
"*" +
"
#
,
"*
+
" "+ 9
1 4, $ " %
+
" & #2 4
4 + . .
$
1, $
.
#
2 + 0 "
0
#3
+, "
+ . % 6
# $ "
+ ,
/ " + 2 . % 6
"+
0 "*4 .
4
".
4. & >
&/ , "
2+ "*
+ 2
" 5# & . +, .
+ & "
«
1
.
2 2 #&
" ,
7 "
6 " + % 6 », %&
. " # 6
+ & "
+,
.
6
.
+ .
,
#
"
#+, # * (IRCICA)
" 1998 2. " 2006 2. 0
" &
.
#
1%* ,
. $
,
$ «
1
+ 2
.
.0
, 1"+137 1 1 &
4
0
@
.
& 6
2
+ & "
1, 0
% 1+
&
2 .
"6 +
.
2 2 #&
" ».
. 3 1
& +, * .
2 5
0
#
,
.
+ &#3 1 4 "1%
"% .
>
1, + >,
%*"
1
/& . % #5
4
" ("
,
,
.&.).
0 5
&/
0 &$
"
,
$
8
«5 +
5
0 "+
1» «
2&
.
10
" + ,
$
,
6 +,
.
.0
» .
"
+, , .
" 8 . " 0
0 &
"+1
1 2.
,
#&
0
6 0 +,
" /
0 + & 1 +,
&+1 #&#7 4
+ & "
+ .
(
/
. . &/
# , $
" 0 6
% "
1 2 #&
" "*1" + ,
% 6 " " 0 1
+ .
14
% *. + 1.
.
2
7
" ( .
"" 0 1
,
" 0
.
+ 2
" ). ( /& " 2
"*& +1
0 +
%
"
*
+ ., 5 6 +, * ,
+ . . &
( + "*
+ .,
+ .
2 ).
+ . 2
*+
+ "
, 0 +#$ ">
% "
" . &
.
# " /& + 1 "
.
.0
0
0
,
0
1/
&+ +, 2 0
& – "0+ , & XVI ". =
+ .
*+ $#/&
.
6 %.#,
2 0 &
"
+
.
" +
#
(#+ .* 8 %
$
2 [1" 2 ] %
1) " + $
*4
#5 " –
- "
(#+ .* 8%
$
2 [
2 ]% 1).
1 , 8 4 &
-5 +
5
4 " 0
", + >,,
" + &%
&/
., .
., $ 0 . .
5 6 +, 2
+ .
"
.
.0
0
1/
"
4
1+ , . 2 $ +
*
+ 2 % *
" –
#
4
+ (
), "1%
*
%+ $ *.
6 +, 8
. $
.
#+, # *.
#2 . . =
.
$
+ . + « + .
+ »,
. 0 > 0 5
&/ ,
/
. + 0 && / # 2 #&
"
"
% .
" + $
5 6 +, 2
+ .
*+
+
"1%
#0 "+137 . ,
#0 "+1 .*. + 1.
+
1. .
" . 2 .
0 & +1+
% / %
&
% +
+,>
"+ 1
#+, # #3 / % , .
2
7
" .
+
%"
*
#
*+
"1% * 6
+,
"+
,3,
2&
0 " 7 + , " 0 +
$
#3 & + 2 3 (
8
0
% >+ "
#
5 " & "). ! 2
%
* +3&
.
.0
$
+
1 !#
4 +
*4 > 4 ", " %2+ "+1"> 4
& +, *
#
.
/
#+
* % 1"+1+
"
+ %
#5
.
1.. =
0 & " +
+ "1
,
#" /
,
$
+ ,, $
& + +
4
11
4 &&
+3&,.
+
>
4 "%2+1& " . ( 5
< & *+&*% # " /&
, $
0 $
"
. 6* . +
>
. +
*. #5
.
&
.,
* &
+
&
" 4 & 0 " #$
1 " +
4
+ .
4 .
". (
8 . . + ,
#
+
#0 7
5 +
5
,
#. ">
" 1 # , " "
1&*
%*
7
" ,
%*" , "+ 10 " & " #3 / % , 1& "*4 0 " / 6 ", "
12
.
#"+
, .*
%" * +
7
" .
0
&
. +
4 0
% "
#
,
"
*
+ 2 % * 0 & %& +
1 + > + , " 2
.#7
"
2 #&
"
0 && / .
1925 2.
*+
0 +
,3 % 0 7 *.
1934 1949 22. *+ & 0 +
+,
15
#/
$
*
%
1 %
" >
1& "
",
0 & +
+ 2 %
& /&*, #0
+
> 4,
#
, !#
.0. !#
5
. +,,
%"
, % 1"+1+, $
" 1 # 6 1
. /
* ,
#
, #
&
#
– 0# , 6 " + % 6
( # 13
) .
.
.
& 1 +,
, #5
4
"
0
7 + ,. 4
*
1 0
.
+ , " $
* & . ,
2& 0
4 & +
"
"#37
+ 2 %
#$
. + & / .
+ .* 0 .
.
2 5
" .
*4
+,
+ .
4,
0
0 "*4 2 #&
"
*4
& 1 + ,
#" & ., $ . 2
% 4 0 >+
#$
.
% /&
#
"
17
" .1 0 " %2+ >
1
+, "
4 1$
+ .
2 2 /&
2
14
7
" . $ " & ,
" % /&
4 & .
+,
" "1%
"
. "
3% , "* #0 37 2 %
"
&#
"
,
&+1
. +, 2
%"
1 # 6 2
7
" .
&
"
.
1 0 & +
1 0
,,
+, &+1
"
2 2 #&
" ,
4 + &
"
+ .
2
+ , *
4 &1 1
$
# "+
.
. 3
*$ 2 "
" %&
" 1,
2
"
,
*
. + " .0
*+ ., " . 2 4
" 4 % 0
& 0 &0 +, 2
#7
" "
1 "*
1 5 +
5 1 0
0
+ "
#3
0 +
%
"
#3 & + 2 3,
8
. %..
17
" .1
4 &
1
0# , .
0
, "*
+ "+ 1
+ .
4 #2 ", . . 4 0 +
$
4 +,
* " " ." &
#&#7 2
* 4 &1
% #$
+ .
2 5
+ .
0 6 5
%"
1
7
" .
.
+ ,
5
6 1 8 4
+ 0 " / 6 .
. + %. ,
* 0
0
+ & 3 "
&
"
"
++ 2 6 . &
1 . 13 1.
2& 0 0 " &#
+ .
" +36
"
" 8 4
#2 4 ># + : «
# 6
2
* ,
. / . +1
8
&
1
+ % ,. !* 3 #/ 0
+ + .
$
4
». ( 4 / 1
6 1 *+
" % /&
0
+ .
4
0
"
. 0
" .
"
+ : « 0 , 5# & .
+ %. &
( . . % *"> 2
)
.,
». =
1
/
%" 1+ ,.
* >
+ .
" % /&
,
.
1
0
"+ 1
0 6
", &#7 4 " " . .# #+,.
. .
, –
>
%"
16
" #
# 6
& + 2 $
1"+
. ) .
+, ,
" 52
1& & #2 4
+ .
0 +,% " + 1
15
3%
- "
,
« ..#
$
%
% » .
# 6
0 + /
*+
*..
0
& 4 + &
"
*
#7
" " "> 2
2& % 0
0 +,% "
+ .
" 0 +
$
4 6 +14 1&
+ .
4 & 1 +
"*
%*" +
0 %*"*
".
,
%
. #% 0
"
..# $
#3 & 1 +,
,
0 0 2 &#
+ . .
*
+ .
& 1 +
#
(
+ "
) #/
2&
*+
+
+ %
0 % 0 & *.
#2 .,
+ "*.
0
1. &" /
1.. ( + &
/ 0
. +
+ .
0 &
"+
1
6 +,
0 " &+ "
, "% . 0 . 7 ,
"
*4 (
% 0 & *4) .
+, *4 6
14,
++
"
0
0
"
1
$#/
..
+ . %. " # 6
" % /& + 1
%#, 0
+
0 "
+, "
*
1
6 +,
%& +
*4
% ".
%& " + , 8+ +, 1
% &+1 " %
> 4"0 + &
2 &*
+ .
4
0
.
"
/ &" /
>+ 0 $
.
" .
* + & *
%*" .*4 #.
*4
+ .
" " # 6
– 8 ,
0 " + , +3& , 0
#37
1 " . /&#
&
0 +
8
.
.
4
" & .*4
5+
" % 0 & *.
. ,
+ 2 +
0
.+3 $+
"
# 6
"
.1 1
" "
3%.
+
2 ,
. $ 3
+ & "
+ , « + .
* 0
4"
+ + &
" "
#7
"+
5 . 0 % 0 & 2
+ ».
. +
* / «0 . 2 . 0 % 6 1. 0 "
+ , "
6
"»,
.1 ,
4
, *+* 6 . +17
1 & 1 +
1.
& &
" "
(
6 "
$+
" )
&
" 0
.
1
# 6 .
7
" .,
2 + &
. .
# 6
0 &@1"+13 1 "
"*
"*
"
1 2#.
2
7 & .
$
2 4
. ! 2
%
4
#&
"*0 +
,,
#$ *" 1
6 +, *
.
+, * 0 &
"+
1 .# #+,.
2
+
1.
2 + % 6 1
& 6
*4
+ .
4
# " –
16
#
,
%
,
0 0*
0 +,% " , 4
8+ .
* 2 /&
2
7
"
1 "
0
,
&"#4
.
&
*, 0 0*
%
&
+,
& + , 4
+
+ % .
" 0
. + 2 "
+, *.
7
"
*.
2
% 6 1. . 2# 0 "
#
4
6 +,
0 "+
+,
&+1 .# #+,.
2
+ 8
$
17
& #2 , –
. 2# 0 "
, 1 "
*4
#2 "
+ .
2
7
"
1 ,
0 +
#
*.
" .
* # 6
+ . %. 0 0 "
2 % *
6
+ %. (
%*" . 1
1«
% ») – 8 ,
%#.
1,
"
1"+
"
%. / ,
" %
+
+ 2 & 1 / "#$
.
2 0 >+ 2 .
.
0* 0 &
2 + & "
1 " 0
0
. #. 3
# 6
#.
*
+ .
* #& / , 8
%"
1, 0
/ " .1.
1.
6
1
0 #
+ 2 +,
+
"+ -
&# .* . + 3
- + .
2
# 6 .
& 6
2
%+ >+
" .
*
&
0# ,
. Shaw S. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. T. I,
Cambridge, 1977.
2
.
. .
.
XIX . .- . 1947;
. .
. ., 1984.
3
.
.
, 1986, . 66–67.
4
. .
!
" 13
(13
) 1909 #.
$
$
«
$
# » //
. ., 2010, . 423–443.
5
.%
&
' #
. ., 1938.
6
.
#
. ( . 2009, . 233–242.
7
) . :
. .%
! :
!
!
#
. ., 2011, . 128.
8
".
9
.:
# #
, '
!
! . . 2.
., 2006, . 136–171.
10
" , . 128.
11
" , . 128–132, 137–140.
12
.
'
//
" . . 1, 389.
13
Atatürk M.K. Nutuk. *stanbul, 1975, c. 655. (
+
.:
. .%
! , . 105–109.
14
.:
. .
! . ., 2007, . 359–366.
15
. .(
!
!
!
! ? // (
!
! :
$
.
.
. ., 2011, . 149.
16
. .%
! :
!
!
#
. ., 2011, . 128.
18
. .
:
'
'
9;
! '
<
1990-4
'
:
2000-4 22.
&
%+ $ *4 " 0
"
7
"
2
%"
1 # , 0 $
" > &> 4
& * 1990-4 22. " 0 "
# & 1
1
6 + 2 $
4
0 +
+ 2 $
4
+ & "
, " /
.
%
.
0
+ .
%"
1 2 /&
2
7
" –
"
$
"
.,
+ $
"
$
.
0+
, 2 .
" 0 +
$
. 0 6
0
6 +,
+
" . &
% 6
6 +, -0 +
$
4
# # .
#
1,
%"
#"> 1 1 "
#2 2 /&
2
7
"
2
# " "
# 6 , 5 #
" + ,
" / .
0
$
." 0
: " %. /
2 /&
2
7
"
"* #0 , +
.
" . + ,
,
. % . & .
2
. &
" 4 &
#$ *4 0
"
&
% " &#
% 6
#0#
+ , 0
+ .
5 . 6
2 /&
2
7
"
" # 6
0 & " %&
" .
$ ">
1 . >
0 &2 "
* " #0+
3 "
–
,
. 1+ , 0
. 6 0
2 /&
2
7
" " # 6
"
$
"
"+ $
$
& -. & + ,
0 +
$ 0
–
5
# # * &+1
+ % 6
2 /& 4
6
". ! /&#
. 0 1"+
«5
»
+,
0
" " +
# «#& +, 2 "
» 2 /&
2
7
"
2 "+ 1 1
0 +
$
#3 / % ,,
"*%" +
, % *
%.
1
.
0
&* 2 /&
"
" # 6
–
«0 5
+ % 6 3».
$ .
# , 8 2 0 6
? "+1
1 +
"
*. 8 0 .
"
%"
2 /&
2
7
"
+ " 8 . 0 1"+13 1
2
" * 0 + & " 1 " %&
" 1 " > 4 5
",
2 %17
% #> , 4 #0 #3
.# 2 /&
" " # 6 ?
6
19
,% "% - *' ",
0 1%% + % ' «
2
./ ,
,+0. % %»
6 1980-4 22. " + & %
++ 0 .
..#
$
4
/ . ""
$
" 0
6 + 2
0 +
+ 2 " $ 7
+ 2 "
, " % /&
2
2 /&
2
7
" ,
0
. 1 0 & 8 .,
0 " + , # + " 37#3 1
6 +
,
2 /&
4
6
",
6 6
&" /
% 7 #
>
. 2
%
0
. .
6
+,
5 *,
5 .* 0
*
1" "
. / "*" 3 1
2 #3
0 +
#$ *
+
0 &
"+1 ,
&
" . ! 2
« +,
0 6"
37 » 2 /&
7
"
" / #3
0 2 &#
0#
"
%.
&
% 2+ " *4 # + "
>
1 2 /&
0 +
$
"
+ 4
1. ( &
* "%2+1&* 0 +#$ +
+,
>
0 ,$
2 & 1 0 && / «0 " +, *4»
0 "
+,"
*4
2
% 6
( ( )
+
@ .+ .
$
,3
" > 4 0 "
+, "
*4 0 2 .. 1& % 0 &
" 0 4
0 0 && /
& .
& .
$
4
5
6
"".
.
( " .
#"+ $
6 0 . 2 /&
2
7 "
0 "*>
" .
.#
*
0 +
",
#$ *4,
0 >+
% . $
*. " # 6 .
$
8 .# 0
" " +
, $
"
/
.* 0
&
"
#& $ +
#0 *. % 0 & *. . /&#& *. 0 +
$
.
5
"*.
2
% 6 1. –
.
*.
., ! /&#
& *. " +3 *. 5 & .,
=
. 0.
+
$ , "
0 1" + ,
+,>
$ +
7
"
*4
2
% 6
0
.#7
"
"5 .
( ,
& " .
+3& + 1
+ & "
+,
2
2 /&
.#
7
"#, 0
# 2 .
"0 + 6
$
#+, #
* .
"
+, ,
0
% +
. >
+ & "
2 /&
2
7
" " # 6 ,
0 " &
«
5 . "
, 2
"» (
),
& * 1980-4 22. &
.
0 1"+
1
"*4
7
"
*4
2
% 6
%
0 >+ "" 4, 7# .
>
+ , 5 7
& 1 +,
# 6 4 ( .
+
2 ,
+ 0
.* +1 , 1
+,
% $
2 /&
2
7
" , "
.
#" & +
+ %
7
"
*4
5 . 6 .
20
7
&
1 +, " ,
,
: «" % /&
» 2 /&
2
7
" "'
+,
$
" 0 , 2&
0 "
+ , " &
% 2+ " *4
& "
, *
"
%. ., 4
+ 2 $
"0 +
0 0*
.
%+ $ *4
7
"
*4
+ " # 6
"
# ,
" %. /
, #$
" " , " 0 +
$
/ % , 5
$
" &
0 + "
2 0
"
1980 2.
( + &
1 +, "
+ & 0 +
+, *. 5
.
0 "*>
2 " .
1
2
2 /&
2
7
" " # 6 , 0 &
"+1"> 2 1 #&
*.
#. . & / "
1 0 +
$
"
"
*4
2
8
$ , " 1980$
1 2 #&
"
2
"
%. .
1990- 22.
# * 2 /&
2
7
"
*+
% "+ *
/
2 2 #&
"
2
+1. &
0
"
3
0 +
$
. 0
1. ,
0 1.#3
6
" "> . 1
9
0 +
$
.
%
.
6 1970-4 22.,
6 6 -&
" 5* – 2+ " *
#6
+, *
# @
* 2 /&
2
7
" "
– *+ % .
. ,> &
&
" *
" 2+ % 4
7
"
"+
. ( 8 .# 0 &
*
2
% 6
" 6 + .
2&
*
% 0 7 + , (0 . *
0
"
>
& +, *4 " 5 " &
"
" $ ),
4 1
4 & + ,0 &
2 .
&%
.
2
".
"+ ,
.17
1
& 0#
, $ %.
2 ". >
+, "
10
2 /&
2
7
" "0 +
$
#3 / % , .
11
« " 1
6 » "
2 /&
2
7
"
" # 6
& * 1980-4 22. 0
.
1 0 /& " 2
%
/&
" 2
0
# @
"
7
"
-0 +
$
/ %
5 .
"
"
. 2 0
>
3
"
12
.# 2 #&
"# 0 +1 0 +
$
& 1 +,
. =
0 6
* *+
"1% *
" . 2 . &
.
" *
" %
>
" +3$
,3 # 6
" .
"#3 0 +
#
8 . # (
" *.
%"
.
>
*
!
.
*.
., . >
# # % 6
8
.
0
6
8 0
,
%
*. 8
. $ . 0 2 .. . 1990-4 22.
. &.).
6 +, -8
. $
5 .*
6 1980-4 –
$ +
1990-4 2 & " 0 "+
+ " .
0
+ . « &+ / 7 2 #0 "+
1».
!
,
.
*
"
& " +
+,
. & 6
8
. $
2 4
,
&
$
. 2 " .
1 #& +1+ «0 +
$
8
» –
" 0
.
+ % 6
0 +
$
"+
"
, 0
1 ,
"
.
21
# %*" 1
4 & .
, 0 "*>
1
0
13
/ .
#
0+
1& .
$
4
# " .
/
*2 +
" 3
+, " # +
2 /&
2
7
" " # 6 , 0 &
2
# .
#
0 + 0 " *4 # @
"
7
"
-0 +
$
/ % . =
& " +,
+, 5
0 1" + , " " .1 %"
5
6
0 0
+ . .
&*
1 (Habitat II) " 1996 2. ! 2
# 6
7
"
*
2
% 6 , 0
1" #$
" 8 .
5 #. , 0
.* + +
+, .
( "
" .
. 2 #&
" ,
+
% " ,
1
" / *4 # @
"
7 "
/ % .
.
2 ,
. 0
"
1
5
6 1 0 &+ / + 855
" * . 4
%. .
+ % 6
. % "
*4
7
"
*4
2
% 6 ,
* $
% #$
"0 &
*4 .
0 1 14 . 2+
7#
,
1$
,3 >
2
14
.
&
+, * 0 .
0 "*0 +1 2 /&
"
>
1 "+ 1 1 ( 0
& " . 0 +,% "
1
# #
–
& 1 +,
, # 6 4
2
% 6
0 % 7
0 " / 7
#/ 37
&*.
$ + 2000-4 22. 1& 0 &
*4
2
% 6
0
1+ #$
" 0 &2
"
% "
. 2 & + & &+1
.
0 + " & 6
&
.
6
"
>
/ 7
15
(CEDAW) . ! >
* 0
, 0 %"
*
" ,
5 6 +, * &
*
# 6 2 0 "
+, " 0 0
+ .
+3&
1 0 " $ + "
,
+,
+ % +
%+ $ * 5 .
( ("
$#3 2 #00#
+,
5 6 +,
" >+
27
2
% 6 ),
& + . " %. /
, 0 $#" " " , "
"+ 1
" #
0 +
$
0
+ .*
*, 0
+, #
"*" &* & + &
*+
& " *
..
" ,3<
" 2005 2.
2002 2.
0
" .* 0
#7
" +
# 6
( ,
37
" 5
% 7 *
#/ 37
&*. 4 & + &
#7 4 8 + 2 $
4 0
+ . 4
*
.
40
4
>
3 *+ 0 &
"+
" .
.
..
0 #
$ " .#
%"
3"< 4
# 2 " 2002 2.
/ ,
" +#$
5 .
.
2
% 6 1. , 0
% +,
$
. 2
# 6
(
% + &+1
+ " / *4
"
16
7
"
-0 +
$
/ %
* .
2000- 22. 7
+
. 7 *. .0#+, . &+1
5 . 6
7
"
*4
>
+
" *
#
0 " +, " (
0 " &+ "
%"
1 (( )
" #0+ # 6
" "
3%, % $ ">
%&
+ 2 0 1 *4
.
" -0 " "*4 # + "
&+1
%"
1 "
5 *
2 /&
2
7
"
0 "*>
1
+
2
# "
22
17
"
-0 +
$
/ %
& .
% 6
. =
" " + 6
*. #
" .
,
*
% 1"+1"> .
0 && /
2 /&
4
6
" " # 6
.
*4
« 2
% 6
2 /&
2
7
" »
2+ " *4 0 " & "
6 +, -0 +
$
4
5 . 6 , $
%
*
# 6
0 &
1+ 0
0#
" "
3%,
" / 2
#.
#
0+
10
6 0 " «& .
#$
1».
(
/ " & + #&
*4
2
" " #7
"+
%+ $ *4
. /&#
& *4 0 2 ... « +3$
0 "
+, "
*4
2
% 6
" 0 2 ..*
0 0 && /
3 & .
% 7
0 " $ + "
– 8
0 1.
# %
+ $
# /& 2 2 /&
@ .+ . 2 0 "
.
1 +, #3
2 /&
#3
6
"#», – 2 "
+ , " 5 6 +, .
..3
& + 2 6
"
3% , 0
">
# 6 3, 0
8 .
0 &$
" + ,, $
0
6 0 4# "
+,
& + .
0 " $ + "
– #&,
2 /&
0 " , 0 +
$
, 8
. $
,
6 +, *
+
#+, # * …
(
+ & 3
+,> . 0
6 + .
&+1 "*&" /
1
«& .
$
4
6
"»,
&+1 4
+ % 6 …
. 2#
, %
" ,
& 6
* &+1 # 6
«2 #&
" -6
$ * » 0 &4 & «" 0 " &
5 .
18
0 &" /
#+, # * 2 /&
40 "
"
&» .
+1
0 +,% "
.
*4
7
"
*4
2
% 6
0 &
"+1+ , " / *. > 2 . "
0 "+
«0 "*>
1
19
1 & +/
, % + 2 .
# " 1 2 /&
"
» ,
0
#0
+, 2
%"
1 & .
.
4 / .
/ . 0 %"
*+
,
"
1 «( 2 .. -21» (( 2 ..
XXI ".), 0 && / " 37 1
%+ $ * 5 .* 2 /&
"
.
. # "
6 +
1
0 "+ $
2 /&
2
7
"
#$
3 " 0 6
0
1 1 0 + $
4
>
.
" 0
1
6 06 1 . /&#
&
&
0 +
.
" + 2 /&
4
"
" "
$
" 2+ " *4
2
"
6 +, *4
5 . 6 , 0 &0 + 2 +
4 " "+ $
" 0 6 +, * 0 2 ..*
0 "
#
0
,
"* #0 , "
+ 2
" 0
. .
+#$
# 6
8
% $ +
%
#
%
% *4 0 2 .. 0 " "+ $
3
(
& #2 4
+ 2 $ *4
# # "
"* 5 .* & 1 +,(
$
2 –
.
*
5
6 ,
0
$
2 4
– 0
"
+, *4
2
%
+, *4 "1%
. /&# (
"
. ,
".
1
"
7
"
23
0
")
6 +,3 «0 "*>
1 0
6 + 2 /7
" ».
( " 1 >
. >
1 0 2 ..
,
0 "+
1
0 && / # 2 /&
2
7
" " # 6
" 1996–1999 2.,
. +
3&/
8 .+ . " . 2006 2.
%.
3&/
&
%
+ 2 $ *4 0 2 .. – «
0+
2 /&
2
7 " " 0
& 0 &2
"
" #0+
3 "
» –
" + #/
20
.
10,5 .+ . "
%
&
2
" -
% %
*' ",
%
#' 2,
./ ,
%
0 1%%
6 1990-4 22.
& " > 4 5
",
%*" 37 4
" %&
"
7
"
-0 +
$
%"
# 6 ,
& . % 2+ " *4 . /
$
, " 0
3%.
%"
1 2 /&
2
7
" "+ 1
2 0 2 ..
7# . . 0
" 1 "
0 "
0 + 0 "
$+
" "
, # 6 1 & -5
"1% +
1 6 1.
"
3% , +
+, -& .
$
. 0
"
# , 0
1+
1
1%
+, "
& + , 4 +3$ "*.
1.
6
+,
0 +
. ( 8 .# &
%
" *4
% & $. >
*4 0
% "
, 0 " & .*4 "
. 4 0 &2
"
* " #0+
3" "
3%,
"#
0+
#6
+, *4
" & .
>
2 /& 4 "
&.
" #0
"
, 0 &@1"+1 .*4
,0
&#37
$+
" "
,– . .« 0 2 2 4
14» – 0 + /
& .
$
4
# ",
# 6 1
0 " . $ + "
% 7
0 "
6
+, *4
+ 2 % *4 . ,>
" 1"+13 1 +3$ "*. " >
" 0 2
"
*"
"
"* « " 0
6
».
) 01 , +
"
5 %* 0 &2
"
*
* 3
21
, "*0 "> 4
1999–
0
2 "
" 0 + 0 " . $+
" "
2004 22., # 6 1 0
1+ & "1 , 0
"0 0 "
&
"#37
#6
1982 2.
#7
" +
7
1& &.
" 0 " "*4
5 ., 0
.#7
"
0 "+
*4
%
22
>
. & .
.
(
6 0* +
+,
& .
4 % 7
–
"*
2+ " *
5 6 +, * .
"* ". >
+, "
" & +
%"
1 2 /&
2
7
" " # 6 .
" 4 " > 0 + $
4 0 2 .. 4
"
14
& 6
# " -
24
& "#
1 +
+, -& .
$
. 6
1.
"
"#37
+ 2
,"
. 4
2 /&
7
"
5# 6
#
% 7
« % * $ 2 0
#
" 1» 2 #&
" "
7
"
*4
>
14
#.
, 0 %" +137
& " & .
0 +,% " , "
«0 " 2 +
» – " > . .* + 8 2
+ " –
+, " 0
& "*
"
%+, *4
.0
. =
0 &0 + 2
#.
+, *
0 &4 &
2 /&
.#
7
"#
2
# ., "
. 4
2
( 0 &
3
. . 4
%. .
#7
"+
1
6 +, *4 0
",
" 2& " 0 +
.
"
"#37 4
6 +, -0 +
$
.
+ 1..
.
1 0 " $ + "
– &
% 5# & .
+, *4
0
6 0 ",
%
*4
%& " + 1
5# 6
#
"0
3%, , $
" /
,
0 -0 / .#
3 1
" / *.
5
*.
$ . , "
. $ + ,
" 0 6
23
.
8 .
" >
5
>
1 2
6
"
2 /&
2
7
" , " $
( ,
*
@1 1
1
4 & .
,3
%*" ,
&
"
% 7 7 ,6
"
&*, & .
0 "$ + "
.
8 . .* + " > 0 +
$
1
2 1
–
/
*4 .
" %%
$
4 #
"
0 ",
>
2 2 5
*4 & -5
+ $
,3
24
0 2 ..*
%"
1 "
3% .
&
#7
"+
1 8
6 + "
4- 6 0
4 0 &
3 1 0 & +
*
( ,
& + 2 1 #
" * 6 +
*4
1 1
6 1.
. ( &
*
0 "
+, "
*
2
% 6
" 2
%&
+,>
0
2
"*
,
+ .
+ % 6
0 1 + %
. .
. & + 2 /&
2
7
"
7
"
*4
>
.
#& $
"
,
"
"
, 5
"#3 0 && / #
2
* . 2# 0 +#$ , + >, ( , &
"#37
0 0
6 0 ., + % .
,
0
* + 2
& 0
" , 1
. 4
%. .
* " 0
3
.
+ " 1
5
#1
2.
* 2 /&
2
7
" ,
* 2 "* 0
. , 2 0 " +
2 *,
.
1 0
0
%.
,
+
4
2 /&
2
7
"
+
*
2
# " (
+
1"
0 1"+
8 2 –
25
"*
"
"#37 4 0
" %$ + .
*4 ( ) .
6 2004 2.,
2&
*+
%"
$ 1 &
$ +
0
2 "
" " #0+
# 6
"
, "
3% 0
.
+
4 .# 5
"
1 # 6 4 (
., $
*
"
+,-
25
>
0
" $ +
#7 .# . .
#
0
" " +
0 + /
+,
&
.
0
2 "
"
3
+1
*.
6
.
+ 1 0 && /
2
% 6 ,
37 4 " 5
% 7 * 0 " $ + "
,
6
"*,
0 1.#3 0
"#37
#
30 6
" #0+
1 # 6
"
.
8
6 +,3 *+ "*&" #
0 2 .. «2 /&
2
& + 2 », & 1
2 "0 "*
*+ 0 &+ /
"
1
2004 2. "
.
&
" 0
.
"
. " & 2004 2. / " 3
2005 2. "
.
1 0# +
" +
5 6 +,
7
0 &
%"
.«
+ 2 2 /&
2
7
" . /&#
. & &
. », "
. 0 &@1 1+ , # ,
"
0 +
"
3% " 5
2 /&
4
6
" "
" 0
4
4. =
& #.
+ 1
6
0*
0 &*&#7 4 .0
0
>
3 2 2 5
*+
"+ , $ " & ,
#$
.
"
0 6 5
" 2 5 .
0
2 "
2 0 6
.
. ,
# 6 1.
( 1"+
0 2 ..* «2 /&
2 & + 2 »
+
/
. " / *4 0
.
"
2
"
3% ,
1
0 , 5 #
" + ,
6
+,
+
(
2 /& 2
7
" " 0 6
0 &2
"
+
*
" #0+
3 "
.
0 & " /&
8 2 " 0# +
"
.
"
.
& #.
5 2#
" + " #>
+, 1 6 5
5
"
0 && / 2 /&
4
6
",
1 & +/"+1 ,
.
8–10%
"
0 2 ..* 5
"
0 && /
" #0+
1
* "
.
. / & #.
*
2 "
+ ,, $
«+3
>
" #&#7 .
& +/
0 && / " , 1
0
, 1
& + 2
>
. >
#& $
" …8
#&
0
" " ,0
& +
3
5 . 6
2
$#/&
1, &
/
3 "% . 0
.
1
+ /
3 0 &
"
+
% *4 #+, # *4
& 6 , 0 +
$
4
8
. $
4
.…
.
.*. #&
5 .
" , 1 & "
0 &
"+
" 4 0 %
" *4
+ & " 14 #&#7 2 $+
"
*"
,
"
%& / 4 8 2 0
…
2 /&
7
" & +/
2
, +3$ "#3
+, "
+ / "
#7
"+
0 & 26
2 & + 2 » .
*+
*
0 " +,
" & , " 0 1"+
0 2 ..*
«2 /&
2 & + 2 »
.+
0
0
," 3
2 3
$
2 +
.
+
+ %
" , 0 2 ..# " %, 0 %.#
«
/ " »,
2
« " 2 ». /
%
26
+3$ "#3
+, 2 /&
2
7
"
#.
«0 1. 2 " %&
" 1»
0 &2
" #
* $+
"# "
. ' +,
2 /&
2 & + 2 –&
% ,, $
# 6
7
"
+
"
3%
. 3
+ -.
"
,
/
0 &
"+
& #2 & #2 , $
0 . /
.
. % " ,
2+ & , 0 6
" #0+
1
*"
.
.
+,> " .
* 2
"* 0 "
"
+ / "
& + 2 ,
.
+,>
#+, #
- & + 2 $
4
4 /&
. /
* , 0
& +
+
2+ /
«0 &2
"
+, .
8 0 ». (
.
" 3 1 " &
. +#$
+3$ "*
0 " &
. &
* «2 /&
2 & + 2 »,
*4
" %+ /
% & $
+ 2$ , 0 6
" #0+
1 $
%
+ / "
. 2
0
..#
6
. /&#
3
+ .
.
8 .
%
1+
&
% " / *4
#7 4
6 +
0
2 "
2 0 6
, " &
/
(
" & + , " &#7 1
+,.
&
0 . $ " 0 + 2 ,, $
& .
% 6 1 0 " $ + "
&+1
2 " > 0 +
$
2
#
+ "
% $
0 "+
+,
,.
«
/&
& + 2» 0
& " . 0 "*>
1 # " 1
#$
1 2 /&
2
7
" " 0 +
$
., #+, #
.
8
. $
.
%"
* & +/ , 0 % .* +# 2
& + 2 ", & + , 2 0 + 6
*.
" *., $
&+1
& &
"
% + 2 .
+ & 6
& .
0 $
1 % 7 * 0 " $ + "
" 0 + .
"
"
0 + $
.
"
1.
.
*
.
.
% ., 0 &0 + 2
1, $
2 /&
1
", "
. 4 0
" «2 /&
2 & + 2 » "
"
.* " + & " 0 6
& .
% 6 .
#2 .
+ " . , 8
% $
, $
"
% "
.
& /
1 & 1 +,
(
.5
2 /&
"
& +/
0
" " ,
& .
% 6 .
=
7
% 0 & " /&
%
+
+, -& .
$
.4
0 +
$
4
2
"
3% . # 6
!
" 0 & + . "
3% (T.C. Avrupa Birli&i Bakanlı&ı),
& 2009 2. .
" ">
1
+, *.
. 0 & + .
!
# 6
(T.C. Avrupa Birli&i Genel Sekreterli&i),
" "
" .1
%
+
1& 2
"*4 0 2 ..,
" $ 37 4
"
1.
. ( 0 2 .. «
+ 2 2 /&
2
7
"
# 6
» "
7
+ /
*+ "*& +
21,5 .+ . " 0 $ * . 0 "+
1.: 2
&
.# 6 0 +
-
27
* (5 .+ .), 0 5 3%* (3 .+ .), # "
*
)* (9,3 .+ .)
. + & / *
2
% 6
(2 .+ .).
2009 2. 119 0
"
0 +#$ + 2
* .
" ,
"
/& . %
4 0
.
# 6 4
0 "
+, "
*4
2
% 6
"* #0 +
(
27
.
"
3%
+
& &
" " $+ *
+ 0
+ %
" , 8
2
"*
4 .*, 0
.
,0
.0
.
.–
5 6
*, 0
*,
%#+, * ( . .
1"+1
1 0 +#$
+ . 5
"
0 . 7 ,
"
4
0
",
* "*& +13 1
& " ,
%#+,
&
2
1 «
"*4 & »), –
"
1 $ " & *.,
$
%& /
0 +
$
4 0 2 ..
. 2# "
& +, *4
+#$ 14 0
" > " , 2 0
$
"*2 &*
4
#7
"+
1
40 %
" * 0
6 +.
$
0 %
" * 0 .
– . + & / * 0 *,
0 "+
*
+ / "
& + 2 . /&# # 6 .
% 0 & *.
( .
@ ..
2
" 0 8 .#
0 "+
3
" , #
1
30 * . & 100 * . "
% "
0
6 +, *4 " %. /
2
0 +#$
+1.
/&* 0
& +/
0
" , 1 % 0 "
+, "
2 5 &
+
$ .
90%. =
# + " 1, $ " & ,
"1
, % *
2 $
1 &+1 0
6 +, *4 #$
"-2
0 +#$
+ .
-0 "*4, /&* % 1"
+, & +/
&+1 " 2 0
.
.#. 3 * . "
% & #2 2
$
, " -"
*4,
/&* # 0 > * 2
0 +#$
+, & +/
+ & , 0* .
"
#7
"+
+ 2 $ 2 0
, " 0
" . +#$
2 >
*
0 +#$
+,
+,> 2 5
"
1
"*
. 7
&
1"
2
$
–
4 & .
,
. /&#
& *4
"
" 0
.
( ,
* . /" +3$ , " $ + 0
6 +, *4 #$
"0
.
8
1 +, " 2 " 1
&
$
#% .
#2
+, *4 2
0 +#$
+
., $
. 2
" 1 0 2 ..
$
0 && / # & " +,
#0 *4, 4
> % . & " "> 4
1 ( ,
+ & 37 4
>
6 +,
%
,3 . /&#
& *4
",
/ &
$ *.
&+1 "
1 #0 *4 6 +, *4 0
"0
6 + ..
5 6 +,
0 " %2+ >
* 6 + 2
"
0 2 ..*
" &1 1, " -0 "*4,
%"
3 "% . "*2 & *4 "1%
0
4
>
. /&# # 6 . . + & / *.
2 % 6 1.
4 " 0
.
+ 2 . ,
+ / "
3 . /&#
. & + 2 &+1 "*1"+
1 "*2 &
%& /
"
2 6
>
12
6
; " -"
*4,
. #
5 . 6 -
28
, %
1.
0* . "
#7
"+
0 +
$
4 0
28
.
+ 0 " 1 % & $ " 6 + . # + &*"
1 "
.
"
«& + 2 2 /&
2
7
" » " #7
"#37 4 2
" 4,
"
1 –
*"
0 2.
$
#3 # ,
. 2
0
«2 /&
2 & + 2 »,
*
0 2 "
" .#3
2
& + 2 . .
"
1 1 *.,
#3
+,
. .& +
" &
# 6 .# 2 /&
.#
7
"#
2
#. –
+, 0 " &
" 0 +
2
2
" "
0 + "
# 6
& & # " $+ *
.
# 6
"
3% 8
% & $
%
+ %#3 1 $
% « 5 . 6
*
.0
,
.
*,
5
6 ,
-5 #.* &+1 0 "+ $ 1 >
2
#2 %
"
*4 #$
" –
0 "
+, "
*4
2
% 6 , + 2 "
+, *4 5 & ",
%
.
"
. &.»,
/ "
. 4 0 0 2 &
4
6 ,
0 "+
*4
" %# + % 6 3 0 . 7
"
%"
2 /&
2
7
"
0 &" /
&
«2 /&
2
29
8
"4 &
" 0
$ ,
1%
+, *4 .
& + 2 » .
0 1
,
/&
%
*4
0
& "
5
#
1
$
% 2
*.
2 /&
7
" %& ,
.
"
1
$
%
% *4 &
+
"*4 0 &4 & "
2 ,
0
" &
/
0 & +
*4 6 +
%#+,
", " $ 37 4 % 0
.
.
0 6 " #0+
1"
2
# 6 .
+1 2 /&
2
7
" 0
*
0 &+ 2 3 & " +,
#%
0 + & 1 +,
, "
. 4
2
6
"#
1 & +/ * "%1 , 0 & +
* 2 #00* ( .
%. / ,
"* %& /
#7 2 , "
. .* + «0
4 & 2 », . .
#7
"#37
@3
# *,
+,
"
8
1
+, *. 0
1. 2 /&
2
7
" " # 6
" $
2 % 0
., – 8
" 0
,
*" ,
*
*+
*
& +, " & .
)
*' ",
% " ,
% , 1%
"
+
30
@1 1
1
0
1 4 .
&
0 && /
(
., $
"
2
% 6
2 /&
2
7
"
0
*
" &
"
0
"* #0 , «"& 4 "
+1.
0 " & 31
.
6 +, *4 %.
5 .» .
*
"
" " , 8 .#
"
3,
1
# #
& +/
+,-
29
& .
" , 0 " /
, 6
1. & .
&+ / 7 2 #0 "+
1»,
+ & , 0 & +
*.
1.
«0 5
+, *. » $
" . .
& 8 4 "
0 + &
.
%
.
0
,
%
*,
#7
"+1 ,
6 +, * 0
*, 1"+137
1 2+ "*.
+ ., $
%
* . /&#
& *
(
#& $ 3
0 &
"
+1. 2 /&
2
7
" " # 6
32
* 0
* . 2#
. %*" 3
. 0 && / # . ( &
" , 1
. 4
%., + 2 & 1
.# " > 11
5
" 1
++
# +, 1 0 && /
( . /
,
33
+ %
. 6 +, *4
5 .
5 . 6
.
34
.
6 +, *
0 + 2
"
8.0
" &
% " 4
, 0 "17
*4 8 0
# " 0
. & + 2 /&
2
7
"
+
*,
7 + " . , $
5
.
6
# .*4 %"
6 +, *4
5 . 6
& +/
" 0
. , 1
2 1
0
1 " 0
. & +
7
"
2 #&
"
"
"#37 2 " &
1 «0 " +, *4»
7
"
*4
5 .. ( " &
. 8
2
"* #0 3 . /&# & *
2
% 6 ,
&
*4 & # % " &#7 4
+
35
2 3
# # *
.)
.
,$
+ % 6 18
2
0 &0 + 2
"*&" /
"*4 # @
"
7
" *4
>
,
*
#&# "* #0 , +
.
" .
6 +, *4
5 . 6 ,
"*4 5 .
7
"
& 1 +,"
5 +
5
7
"
/ % ,
& /
*4 &
#
1 . /&#
& *.
2
% 6 1.
" > .
« 0
. »,
& +/
2
" , 1".
* # + " 1,
2 , 1 . .
0 4
2
"
. +
0
# + "+
.,
$
#$
"
+ % 6
&
" %. /
, 0 +#$ ,
&
#0 5
"*.,
4 + 2 $
.
#6
+, *.
#
.. ( .
+,
2 /&
.#
7
"#,
/
"6 + .
5
2 /&
"
+
#&
*.
0 &4 &17 . . 4
%. .
+ % 6
0 &
2
1"+13 1
6 +, * 0
*.
"
*
%+ $ *4
7
"
*4
2
% 6
"1 1 2+ " *. 0 " &
.
6 +, *4
5 . 6 ,
4
7
"
1 & 1 +,
, 0 0
6
#
1
+3$
+,
"
. 4
4 +
*4
6 +, *4 0
",
*
$
. " .
"
7
"
.
%
2&
"1 1 8 " " +
. 2 /36
&
2
7
"
" 2 .
. 0 1
2 /&
2
«
%
$
"
30
" &
.
% /
#& +1
1
6 2
% 6
& " & ",
@ &
"> 4 1 &+1
". 2
% >
1
0
+ .*,
"
+,>
" 0
.
1
2
1 « "
6
2 0
»
37
« @
5
"
1» .
( % 6
"
1
0
6 +, 2 0
"
#7
"+
2
6 +, 2 0
&+1
%+ $*4 (
% $
0
& "
* &
#0 " > .
#
.
(5
"*.,
++
# +, *.,
5 . 6
*.).
"
8.0
0 .
+
4
0
% ,
&
6 +, * 0
, 0
*
"#3
0 $"#,
5 . #3 1, 0
. 1
1 $
, .
2
« +
»,
3 1 "0
, 1 "
.# #
1"> 4 1 6 0 +
$
#3 #+, # #,
6, "4 &1 "
+
" *4 # @
"
7
"
*4
>
( #/
4 0 . 7,3 &
,
% & .
"
#
0+
6 +,+ 2
.
).
0
*
8.0
. 6
$
. /
0 %
,
# "
+, *. &+1 . 2 4
% 0 & *4 & .
,
*
0
1
1 & 1 +,
, " 0
4 . /&#
&*4
2
% 6 . # /
.#3
# . /
+3& ,
" # 6 ,
&
"
" 2 /&
2
7
" .
6 +,* 0
*
,
% &
#0
4 #7
"+
3 (Projecilik)
+ $# , +
2+ "
"+137
2 /&
" "
,
@ .+ .
$
,3
#
6
. /&# (
% & .
"
"
7
"
-0 +
$
/ % , &
#0
#
.
"
"
& 2 /&
4
"
".
( "*>
" .
6 +, *. 0
. " 6 + .
4 % $
1 "
7
"
-0 +
$
/ % ,
/
0 1"+
0 1 1 « #+, #
6 +, *4 0
"»
+ % .
*.
7 " 1990- 22. (
%
+, , $ " 2002 2. # 6
" 5 8
. $
6 +,
(Türkiye Ekonomik
ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı) "
$
&
12.0 % #., 0 "17
* 0
+ . . 2 /&
2
7
" ,
> +0 "
.
0
.
6 +, *4 0
"
+
0 "
+, " 38
*4 2
% 6
" 4 #7
"+
.
+1 # 6 4 (
37 4 "
4 " +
"- "
"
6 +, * 0
* 0 $
+
6
" , 1
&
%
" *4 5 . & 1 +,
2
% 6
2 /& 2
7
" .
%
6 +, *4 0
"
#$
" 4
+ % 6
&+1
+,>
"
( 1"+13 1
"
% 7
+,
"
31
6
,3
"
& 1 +,
. ( &
>
6 +, *. 0
. "0 +
@1
. .
-0 "*4, #$
"
4
+ & #
"
"
%+ $ *4 (
" 0 1. .
.* +
+ "
.
% #
4
#7#3 & 1 +,
,.
"
*4, "4 /&
"
+
6 +, * 0
0 &
%
% *. 5 . . 2 /&
"
$
#3
0 "+
,
6 + #
.+
,. , 4, 8
%&
5 .
&+1
6 +, 2 "% . &
" 1 2 #00,
&
2
$
40
>
3 & #2 & #2#.
*.
+ " . , &+1
. 2 4
6 +, * 0
*
%& 3
#3 .
6# 2 /& "
(0
%*" 3 , $ . #/
%
. , 1 "
. 4
"
( ,
"*
" ,
>
1
& + 2 $
.
0
"
.
+ & #/
"
*.
# # . ).
%# .
,, $ 2 /&
7
" " # 6
& 6
+,
+
5 6
"
0 5 & 1 +,
& +, *4 2
# @
" ( + 2 "
+,,, 0 +
,
6 +,
0 $
,
% "
,
+ 2 1
. &.),
0
& + 2 $
. ( . +
*, +
+*,
+ .
*, + "* , 0 "* ,
6
+
* & .),
+ 2 % 8
#+, # *. ( + " *, #
*, # &*
. &.),
6 +,*. (0 + /
"
7
" , &
) 4
..
&
& .
6
* +
. /&# 8 . $
"% . 0
37 . 1 2 #00 .
0 &
"+137 .
4
* (
"
. -" +
.
#& 0
& + .*, "
+# $ 2
& /
5 . 6
"% . &
"
. /&# ( , 0 &
"+137 .
% * «+ 2 1», " ,.
+
.
"
*
% *4
( % $
#3
"
$ 3 1 & /
% 3
#7
" " & #2 & #2 , 4 1 0
8 . "
>
& #2 & #2
0 +,%#3
%+ $ * «2
"*
0*».
.
% ., 5 . +, * 2
%
+, *
"1% " # 6 . 2 /&
.
7 39
. 2
" +
*"
* 0 % 3
" " ,.
+ * .
8 .
, 0
%#+,
.
+ & "
1
, "
.
#&
. (
*+ 0 &+ /
& , 6
# # " 3 "% . &
" 1 . /&#
2
% 6 1. 2 /&
2
7
" , 8%
0 $
+
2
$ /
. +*., 73%
0 &
" – " ,.
40
2
$
*. .
6 6
/ 7
5 .
2
% 6 ,
0
%*" 3
6 0
*, " 8 .
>
1"+13 1
*.
+3$
..
,
0 " + , " 2&
*+
+,>
*
"% . &
"
".
#3
# 0 0 &" /
3, " $
,%
&
+, *4
6
" " +3$
3
" 0 "
#& 1
7
"
-0 +
$
&
#
" 0
"
"
32
% 7 *0 "/ 7
0 &
"+
1 .
" *4 .#/$
.
" %. /
.
#+, #
6 +, *4 0
" 0 &0 + 2
0
0
*
% $
1 & + 2 $
4
#+, # *4 .
" " / %
2 /&
2
7
" . 8 .
&
+3& 3 1
&" . & + 0 " &
1, &" 0 &4 & : &
– 6
5
6
* ,"
– 0 2.
$
.
0 " 2
0
1
0 &$
" 3
#+, #
- & + 2 $
%+ $ 1
. /&# ( , $
0 " &
0
"
1 3
6
.
0 +
,
"
"
,
/ +
3 0 %
, + 2
.
,
#7
" "
1 " 4 00
"
0 + .#
%#
#
" 2 "% . &
" 1.
.0 .
,
0 ",
.1 1
" ,"
# & + 2 $
%+ $ 1
" %. /
,
@ &
1 # +
" .
. . « 00 . », $
* #" + $ , "
" #0 * 0
6 +
0 +#$ , " %. /
, &
#0
" > .
#
.,
.
.*.
" 0
0
"
7
+,>
7 " 1 " 3 "+
#
#3
%#.
6 +, * 0
* 0 &+ 2 3 >
0 + &+1
. + % 6 , "
. 4
2
7
1%* . 2#
0 &"
+
2
$
4 ( ,0
& #2 4
1 +, " 4
2
"*4 & + 2#
.
+
"% . &
" 3. .
"
+,>
" 0 2 ..
:
#$ 37
.
*
&+1 2 /&
4
"
",
2 0 #0 "+
3
6 +,*. 0
. , # * 0 0
# . /&#
& *4 + 2 "
+, *4 5 & "
. .
8
+,
.
*
.
0 1 1 &+1
& +, *4
(
"
. *4
5
6% + 4,
.0 % #.*
+,> .
+ $
" . #$
"
" 6
+, *4 # "
4 & /
+
#0 *4 0+ 7 &4 "*
.
#/&
>
4 0
+ . ( 6 +, 1
% 7
&
, & . 2 5 $
%
$
+ ,
>
2
2 /&
4 "
& & .
).
( &
* 0 2 ..* " #0
"
1.
%
2#+1 *4 % 1"
#$
"
6 +, *4 0
4 " 0 +,%#
++
" *4 %
"+13
# 6
(
,
0
"
&
.*>+
" (& /
&
" 4 00
"),
+ % "*" , " %. /
&+1 2 /&
"
".
.
$ , # " /& ,, $
+ 2 & 1
0
3
« #+, # *
6 +, *4 0
"» 2 /&
7
"
# 6
0
& + + 0
#7#3 .#
% 7
,
« %& + -
33
,», *+
*
+,> . 0 #" + $
.. &
%
$
".
2 #$
1 "
+ % 6
. 2
% *4
6 +, *4
0
"
+
%+ . " ( & + 2 $
4, #+, # *4, 0 +
$
4,
+ 2 % *4
. &.) 1"
/
1, 0
0 & +
*4
1 +, " 4 . /
.
"* $
*
4
2 /&
2
7
"
"1% * 0 1"+
."
.
"
" 2
0 –
"
2
6
7
"
*4
"
".
" +#$
& #2 .
" & . 0 5
+,
& 1 +,
&
6 +,*. 0
.
#
0 & +
*4
"* "
0 6 5 $ 4 %
– 0 " "*4
6 +, - #+, # *4 .0
6
41
6
.
" %. /
2 . & +
"
1 .
7 4 $
4
/&*
6 +, * 0
0 &
"+1
$
# #
"
#3 0 " .
"
& 1+,
,, 0 *" .#3,
0 " + ,"
2
14 «0
2
6 + », «.
0
», «6 + "
2 #00*», «.
2 »
«2 #00 "+ 1 1».
(
4
"
", "%1"> 4 1 % #$ "
6 +, *4 0
4,
#
1 5 .+1 , . 2 $ +
* % 1" , 5 .*
*4 & " +,
+ / *
&+1 2 .
2 % 0 +
1
#3 4
> 2 %
1 0 " "
%*,
0 4 & , $
% % #
+, *
.
" * 0 6 &# *, & %*" , " 3 0
,
.0
, #0 "+1 ,
@. *. 0
. .
( 8 .# &+1 # 0 >
+ % 6
6 +, 2 0
#3 1 2 /&
"
*,
&
*,
+ & 37
4 & .*.
$
.
0
$
. %
1.
"
+
%
0 &2
"
6 +, *4 0
",
& #2 , –
0+ 4
#37
1 " 2 2 5
.
"+
" 0
4 «0 & + "»
7
"
"
"
.
2
+
.
+
%
" ,,
"
( , $#" "#37
"
&
$ * 0
6 + &+1
#$
1"
6 +, *4 0
4, & +/
.
.#.
+ & ,
# "
.
% "
.
0 %
1. "
+
*4 1%* "
0 " ,
" , 1 "
" .
*4
5 . 4 . /&#
&
..#
6
,
$ , . , $ 0 &
"+
% *4 5 . 4 2 /&
"
0* #$
1 "
. ( .
# + /
1 # + "
&+1 2 0
$
4 #$
"
6 +, 2 0
1
#6
%
2
&
( 0 "*>
1% $
4 $
",
+ %
,
«6 + "
2 #00 »
6 +, 2 0
2
«&
.- 6
.».
34
+, 1 + /
, 0 6 &# , "1%
*4
«"4 /&
.» " . /&#
& *
6 +, * 0
*,
%& + # + " 1 &+1 0 1"+
1 " # 6
1& $
*4
+
2 "*4
.0
, "* #0 37 4 "
+
" 2
&
#+,
"8 0
" «
"»,
%
*" 37 4 0 2 ..* &+1 #&#7 4
6 +, *4 0
", 0 &
37 4 0
6 +, *4
#$
"
#7 4
1 "
%
* 0 0 " &
3
.
" -0 " "*4 0 6 &# ( 5 .+
% 1"
2
*,
0
5
"
1
. &.).
%+ $ 1
& .
6
* 2
6* . /&# 2 /&
.
"
., 8 0
.- 6 + 2 . 0 5
+, *.
.
+
2 "
.0
%*" 3 1 $ , 0 &" / *.
0
6 .*. .
+,>
" 8 0
" 0 2 /&
.#
7
"# " 0 >+ . *+
"
.
(
&
0 & +/ 3 " 3
#"
+
( .
%& , .*
+ " . 1
7
&
"
$
2 /&
2
7
"
" # 6 .
0
. #+, # *
6 +, *4 0
"
2 /&
1
"
,
"
1
& " . 0
1
, *, " 2
&
6 +, *. + 5 ..
" . #$
"
. +
. 0
& + 3 % 0
" Curriculum Vitae,
0 +,%#3 2 /&
#3
"
,
0
>
1 " 40 5
+, *4 "1% .
6 +, * 0
*
/ "* #0 3 "
+
+ %
6 +,
.
+,
, 0
+, #
4
+ % 6
0 "+ 1% $
+,
$ + +3& ,
* 0 +#$ 3
#,
0
0
"# #+#$>
1 " 2 .
+, 2 0 + /
1.
# 6
8
1 +, "
& 6
" ,,
#$ *" 1 "*
0
%
+
%
6* & /
& . + 42
%. /
0 +,% &*4 +3&
"* > .
% "
. .
"
1 2 /&
2
7
"
. 4
%. ,
.#+ #37 2
6 +, #3 .
+,
,, 0 "+
3
. + 0
6 +, *4
"
".
" 1
4 & .
" "+ $
1"
7
"
#3 / % ,
. + &*4
"
", 2+ "
3% # 6 4 / 7
(Türk Kadın
Birli&i) –
#0
. +
(
.
.
. $ + ,
$
« +,>
"
"
"
3% – +3& 0
2
" %
… .* % " . " "
1&* . + & /,…
40
#1 " 2
&
$
" & ,, $
* &" # ,
.
"
$
. 2
6 +, * 0
+ .*…
.
2 ,
+,>
"
4
. + &*4 +3& ,
* &# " " 0#,
*$
0 > " 3 ,
#3
0 "
+, "
#3
2
% 6 3
+ ,"
4
35
" " + … 8
/ . /
"* #0
43
"
» .
"
% 1"+
.
.
& /
0 %
: "
17
" .1
"
2
$
" #/
. /
+#/ ,
.#+ . 2 /&
"
. &"
0
$
0 &
*
+ " 0
&+ /
& .# %
0
"
" 0 5
+ % 6
2 /&
2
+ & "
+, .#
#
2 "+ 1 1
7
" " # 6 .
0
4 #$
2
,
.#+ .
/&
«
3 ,,% "
%# 1% » - *' ",
pro et contra
-
., $
*
&
"
*.
. $
+, ,
6 0 # +, *4
7
"
0 2 /&
./ ,
:
0
« 6 +, *4 0
"»,
4 & .
,
1 " 2
"*4 0 2 .. 4
0 4 /&
1 $
%
%% *
3
$
0 6 &# *
% /
" &#
«0 5
+ % 6 » 2 /&
2
7
" " # 6 .
(
2 /&
"
*,
* "* #0 3 % #
0+ 2 /&
2
7
"
2 0 " 7
" 855
" *
0
" "
2 #&
"#
0 2 &#
0#
"
%. ,
.
" 3 «0 5
+ % 6 3» 2 /&
" 4 & .
# + "
#" + $
1 " 2 "
"+ 11.
&
$ %.
1 «0 5
+ % 6 1» "*%*"
" 2#
%&
$ " & #3 0
+ .#
0#
. +, 2
5# 6
"
1 2 /&
2
7
" , 0 & " 1 2
# . $
*
%
# #
2
4 $ *4 #$ /&
. ( " . 2 . #
$ " 3 4
@ &
1 " +
", "
+,> 0 4 &1
.. $
.0
,
2+ " * 0
*4 – 0
"*4
$
" 5
"
1 (
+ % 6 3 8
6 +
. 3
. &*
"*
" + 5 6
"
*4 8 0
"
#+,
", 0 *4 0 . $, " 0 +#$
2
"
" >
5
"
0 && / ).
«( 5
+ % 6 1» ( "*%*"
+,
& % $ #3
6 3
& 2 /&
4
"
",
* " &1 " 8 . 1"+
"*4 + 7 "
0
&* 2 /&
2
7
" ,
& " &
.#, $
" 1% & $
( , 4
6 +, 1
"
"
,
% $ .
, &+1
>
1
#7 4 0
+ .
7
"
4 &1
"
0+ . . 2 4 " %#$
36
7#7
, $
&
$
+,>
+ $
"
(
1
+3$
+,
6 +,3 #$
1 "
%
% *4
2
"*4 0
4, 0 + 6
1
7
"
1 0+ 5 .
# 4
# "# (0
+, # 4 #$ /&
"1%
« 7 "
*. %
% .»),
"
6 +, 1
"
"
,.
( &
*
1 "0 +
/ & . "*%*" 3
+
& 2 /&
4
"
",
* 0* 3 1
%& + , (
0
3
+, 2
+#/
1
7
"#.
2&
(
.
1 0
1 , #$
" .
. +,
" %. / .
+ $
"
2
"*4 0
"0
.*.
% *. –
2& " ,. & +
.
#
" *4 –
0 "+
1., 0
# .*. . /&#
& *.
5 & . (% 7
/ 7 , &
, & .
, 0 " $ + " . &.), + 2 $
" %
0 & %
" 0 &+
*4 .
" 4
& 1 +,
8 2
( .
«( 5
+ % 6 1» 2 /&
"
"
+,
. &/ "*
%& /
% $
"
&
"
"-" +
",
" &
1&#
# # *4 %.
"
.
( .
0
0
. 0 5
+, *4
#+,
" " 0 & +
. .* + # " "
" " %. /
14 0 +#$
1 2
"
7
"
*
2
% 6 ,
+ & 37
. 2 +
. 0* .
* "
"
"#37
5
,
+
. + &*.
(
2
%& .
" #>
+, *. 0 +#/ *. 0
..
"*4 # + " 14
8
# + " * 2 #00* (
+ & 3 5
$
" *. >
.
0 +#$
2
,0
+, # 2 0 &
"+
+,>
# + "+ "
1
+ $ . 0 .
" # 0 >
"*0 +
*4
0
". 7
&
+ & "
«0 5
+ % 6 » . /
#" & , #/ "
. 4
. 4 ( : 0 / 11
4 $
,
&
"
" (
2 . 0 " + . 0 $
1
> .
$+
. # #0
.
& .
"
3 . + &*4
"
",
" " 4 &
" 14
&
0
2 37 4 0
6 0 .
"
. " 4
> 4 ++ 2.
.
#2+# +
. «0 5
+ % 6 » 2 /&
"
& " +," #
1 0 &
"+
#2#
" +
& 1 +,
.
7
"
.
%
0 1"
-" +
$
0
" 0
"+1 , 1 «0 5
+, .#
"
#», & " +,
$
"1%*" 37 .#
" 3 & 1 +,
, "
. +
. « 6 +, . 0
»
.
+, *. " % 2 /&
.. ! 2
2 /&
"
*, 0 /& " 2
%
. +
4
6
+
$
4
( , $
3 «0 5
+ % 6 3» (
"1%
#3
%&
37
"
, . /&#
& *4 5 & "
0
" 0
%
+ . .
+, 2
%+ /
1 2 /&
2
7
" " # 6 . ( $ . 8
$
0 "+
0
" "
3% ,
* , 0 && / " 1
% * 5 .* 2 /&
"
,
.#+ #
#$
2 /&
" « 6 +, *4 0
4» % &
/
" % 2 /&
+ "
$
0 &" /
0
,
+
6 .
.
% ., 2 /&
1
"
,
+,>
"1%*"
1
+3$
+,
+, #
$
./ +
."
" + &"
7
+ 2
1
,
2
%& $ 7 –
0
0
"
0 +#$
1 + $ *4
44
"
1 0 &
.
+ 2
.
, ( ,
*
"*2 & ,
0 & 0
*
. +#/
1
7
"#
%& 3 1
+3$
+,
6 +,3 0 "+ $
1
"
6 .
2
*
*
*
/&
"
" # 6
1990-4 2000-4 22.
., $
2 /&
7
" "
+ &
+, *. 0
6 + . &+1 "*0 +
1
+
+ %
6 +, *4
5 . 6
0 " &
& .
$
4
5 ..
%
> 1 " +3$
,
* " .
"#3 0 +
$
#3 8
. $
#3
.#,
.+
" #0 , " " 3%
%"
& #2 4
2 6
*4 0 6
" – "
". 0
" " +
#
2 /&
.#
7
"#
" # 6
* " > 4
", % 0 & *4 5 & "
0 "
+, "
*4
2
% 6 .
& . % + & "
8 2
+
0
"
#+, # * 5
# .*4
%"
6 +, *4 0
",
* " " 3 $
&,
+,
%.
+ 0
&# 2 /&
"
& /
. 2 0 1 1 2 /&
2
7
" .
+ 1
" > 4 5
",
.*. . 7 *. %
*4
. /
$
,
, " ,.
& % $ . 2
%#+,
.
+
+ /
0
0+
6 +, *4 "*2 &
%& / .
0 "*. . /
#6
+,
# +
2 /&
2
7
" ,
*
"*4 5
& 1 +,
&+1
2
# ",
>
5 . 6
%* (
. &.,
"
*. –
5+
2
"
&
(
/
0
2
0 .
.
(
+ % 2 /&
"
" # 6
1990-4 –
2000-4 22.
"
1 $ " & *.
"
"
/ &
,
*
" %+ 2
(
* 5 .#+ #3 1 " . 2 + %2
2 "
% $
38
$ +
*4 . /&#
& *4 0 2 .. 4),
+, 2 0 + /
1
" #
2 /&
2
7
" . &
% 0 $
8 2
" ., $ 0 +
" 5
2 /&
2
7
"
& +
«
& #»
0 6 5 # .
*4 # + "
%"
1
7 "
*4
>
.
.
" 1 &+1
. & +, 2 /&
2
7
"
0
6 0 4 0 .
& " &# + %. ,
&" 2 1
% &
0+ ,
0
6 1
+, " / #3 &+1
% 0 & *4
7
" 2 #00 "#3 &
$
,
++
" *
*. . /&# . 0
& 2. 2 /&
2
7
" , "*" &
1 +
. &
" + .
0 &
"+137 1 2
& " &# +,
"
&* ,
"
"
, 2+ " *
#.
& .
, 0+ 4
1
# 6 .
+ 1. . &
& +/
+
"
3% & 0
" , " 6
+ 1. " 2 0
6 +, 2
" 2 $+
?
&,
,
% 1" "
" . / +
"
"
@ &
#3 " 0#
$ " &
" 1 , 0 + 0 " 2 $+
" "
,5
$
0 % + &+1
1
.
"
, "
" #0
«
&
"
» (
"
"#37
"%2+1&*
& .
$
# *, 0 +
$
#3
.#, % 7 # 0 " $ + "
, 0 + /
. ,>
"
. &.). # , 0 6
«" #0+
1 "
»,
1 #"> 2 1 &+1 # 6
. 2
2 &*,
% % +3$ 1 " "*1"+
«
# # *4
"
" »
.#+
"
.0+
*4
5 .,
0 "+1 .*4 «" #/
# + ».
+ &#1 8
+ 2
, 0 2 ..* "
3% 0
%"
3 2 /&
2
7
" & +/ *
.
" , 1 .
$
,
% $
2 , "
0 1"+137
1 " 4 &
+ % 6
«
"
" 1» 6 +
%#+,
–
0
%
+,
4 & .
& 0 +
+, *4 # + ,
3&,
&
% +, " 0 " +
.
2
+
/
1 0 & " %&
" . «.
2 + .
».
.
. # 0 4 +3
0 +
$
0 2 ..* ( # + 1
0 0 &" /
3 & .
$
% « 0
"
»
(
.#+16 3 2 /&
"
–
+3$
)
0 1. 0 0 6
+
.#,
+,
4
>
" 0
.
1
2+ " *. «
5 6
. »
" $
#7 .
% 0
.
" *4 # @
" 2 /&
2
7
" .
+
0 2 ..* "
3%
"0 *" 3 1 "
6 +, *
,
+ 2 $
" 0
. 3 1
%
&
2
#& $
" ,
1"+
2 0 1& , "*%*" 37
"
"#37#3
6 3 –
/
0
"+
" > .# " %&
" 3
"1%*" .*. 0 " + . 2 *. ( .
"
.#
39
&
$ :" # 6
5 .
" + , & " +, . 2 $ +
1
2 #00
( ,
"
0
. 37 4 0
# . /&#
& 2
#& $
"
" > 2 5
"
1
+ .17 4 4,
# + 1 «$#/ . & ,2 . ».
8
2 "
+,
4 & .
"$ *" , 1 " 6 +, *
,
*"
0 6 5 $
$
* # 6 2 2 /&
2
7
" .
# 6
( $
7#7 3 "
.
"
. #+,#
- & + 2 $
4
&
, 4 &
" 1
«2 /&
1
0 % 6 1»,
0 " + , 0 +
$
> *, 0 8 .#
. 2# "* #0 , 0 +#> *. 0 " &
. 0 2 .. "3% ,
* "
2 0 " &1
/ &
*.
% 0 2 ..
"
*. 0 + & " 1..
/ " .1 8
. 1
%
., $
2 /&
7
" " # 6
+ &
% $
+, *. 0
6 + . &+1 "*0 +
1
+
+ %
6 +, *4
5 . 6
0 " &
& .
$
4
5 .. &
* *.
1" 0
"
"#37
5
# #
&+1
+ % 6
8 2 0
6 + .
&
%
+ $
+, *4 $
" .
2 8 0
%" 1 2 /&
2
7
" " # 6 , " . 2 . &
.
"
2 "+ 1
. " > 4 5
" " + 6
. /&# & *4 5 & ",
+ «0 5
+ % 6 1» 2 /&
"
. =
1"+
. /
"1% ,
%"
. #+, # *
« 6 +, *4 0
"», &+1
%
#7
"+
1
*4
#3 1
8 0
0 " /&
,
" > 11
5
" 1 0 && / .
% /
%. 1
1
+ 2 /& 2
7
"
2
#6
+, *4
". #7
" " "> 1
%.* 1
. " +
"-8 #%
" # #0
.
2
%&
+
$
# #
"
4 %
"
.
"
", "% .
>
1 . /&#
*.
/
3
+,>#3
.
, #0 1& $
,.
5 . 6
2 /&
2
7
" 4
>
7#7 3 1
. .
2
# @
. – #0 *.
"+ 1 +, *.
( ,
"
.
7
"
*4 &" /
, & 1 +1.
%
%*4
6 6 -&
", 0 5
+, *4, 0 +
$
4
0 +
$
4
@ &
. &. ( $ . 0 +
$
1
2 /
"
, +
& + 2 $
1
0 "+
,
2
+
2
( " 2&
/
1 " 2
>
0
.
.
" #+, # 2 /&
"
" # 6
1990-4 2000-4 22.
# .*
%.
1 " # 6 . 2 /&
.
7
" #7
"
0 "+ 1+
>
1 . /&# 2 /&
.
"
. , 0 &
"+137 .
% * 0 +
$
+*
40
& + 2 $
0+ 5 .*, "" +
"* . & + &
/
6 +,
+ 2
.
("*%" + 0 1"+
& 4
.
«
1 2 /&
"
,» – «0 && +, 1 2 /&
"
,», «$
1 ( »– « 2 /
"
1 ( »
. &.),
0
8 . " ,.
+
0
" " + 0
& +
3
%& +
2 /&
2
7
"
% 7
2 # @
".
1
1
-
Göle, Nilüfer. Toward an Autonomisation of Politics and Civil Society in
Turkey. // Politics in the Third Turkish Republic. Boulder-San FranciscoOxford: Westview Press, 1994; Toprak, Binnaz. Civil Society in Turkey //
Civil Society in the Middle East. Vol. 2. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996; Yerasimos,
Stefanos. Civil Society, Europe and Turkey. // Civil Society in the Grip of
Nationalism. Istanbul: Ergon, 2000.
2
!im"ek, Sefa. New Social Movements in Turkey Since 1980. // Turkish
Studies. Vol. 5, Issue 2 (2004), . 111–139.; !im"ek, Sefa. The Transformation of Civil Society in Turkey: From Quantity to Quality. // Turkish Studies.
Vol. 5, No. 3 (2004), . 46–74.
3
# . .,
$ %. , "
'
.
.: % $
, 2003, . 61–62; Edwards, Michael. Civil Society. Cambridge:
Polity Press, 2004, . 11–12.
4
Beckman, Björn. Explaining Democratization: Notes on the Concept of
Civil Society. // Civil Society, Democracy and the Muslim World: Papers
Read at a Conference Held at the Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul
28–30 October, 1996. Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, 1997,
. 4; Seçkinelgin, Hakan. Civil Society as a Metaphor for Western Liberalism. // Civil Society Working Paper Series, 2002, No. 21, . 1. – Mode of
access: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/CCS/pdf/CSWP21.pdf
5
Seçkinelgin, Hakan. Civil Society as a Metaphor for Western Liberalism. //
Civil Society Working Paper Series. 2002, No. 21. – Mode of access:
http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/CCS/pdf/CSWP21.pdf
6
Göle, Nilüfer. Toward an Autonomisation of Politics and Civil Society in
Turkey. // Politics in the Third Turkish Republic. Boulder-San FranciscoOxford: Westview Press, 1994; Toprak, Binnaz. Civil Society in Turkey //
Civil Society in the Middle East. Vol. 2. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996; Civil Society in the Grip of Nationalism. Istanbul: Ergon, 2000.
7
Civil Society in Turkey: An Era of Transition. CIVICUS Civil Society Index Country Report for Turkey. Istanbul: TÜSEV, 2006.
8
Toprak, Binnaz. Civil Society in Turkey // Civil Society in the Middle East.
Vol. 2. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996, . 95; Hersant, Jeanne; Toumarkine, Alex-
41
andre. Hometown Organisations in Turkey: An Overview. // European Journal of Turkish Studies. 2005. Vol. 2, No. 2. – Mode of access:
http://ejts.revues.org/index397.htm
9
.'
!
$
! ! .(
)
.' .
/
$. #
! .
&
.
& !, /
&
#
$
'
,
'
$
'
!
[0
! ! & 1 5253, . 2].
10
%
! ! /
!
.
" & '
&
,
.' &
",
& !
$ & '
' &#
$ &
&,
$
&
#
! (2( ). ,
! !
.
,
! !
.
'
#
!
.
&
,
–
$
#
!
,
"
&
$
"
$
.( +
$
"
, # .'
$
$
,
#
,
.'
!
! ! /
,
&
&,
&
$ & #
,
$
.
#
!
$ &
&
$ &,
#
!
,
(,3%)
! .
,
$
" & «
»
.
$
( &$
)
"
(
). - + #
$
' #
,
.' #
, .
.,
'
' & # '
/
! ! [
.: 4
, 2011, . 147–155].
11
Civil Society in Turkey: An Era of Transition. CIVICUS Civil Society
Index Country Report for Turkey. Istanbul: TÜSEV, 2006, . 35.
12
Göle, Nilüfer. Toward an Autonomisation of Politics and Civil Society in
Turkey. // Politics in the Third Turkish Republic. Boulder-San FranciscoOxford: Westview Press, 1994, . 213.
13
Seçkinelgin, Hakan. Civil Society as a Metaphor for Western Liberalism. //
Civil Society Working Paper Series, 2002, No. 21, . 2. – Mode of access:
42
http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/CCS/pdf/CSWP21.pdf; Edwards, Michael.
Civil Society. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004, . 15.
14
5
!
(Habitat II)
#
"
,
$
# "
#
'
! :
,
1999 #.
#
!
. 6 [ .: Civil Society in Turkey: An Era of Transition. CIVICUS Civil
Society Index Country Report for Turkey. Istanbul: TÜSEV, 2006, . 36].
15
2
, .: Shadow NGO Report on Turkey’s Fourth and Fifth combined Periodic Report to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
against Women for submission to the CEDAW 32nd Session January 2005. –
Mode of access:
http://www.iwraw-ap.org/resources/turkey_WWHR-New_Ways(Eng).pdf
16
.: World Summit on Sustainable Development. Johannesburg 2002.
National report: Turkey, July 2002. – Mode of access:
http://smap.ew.eea.europa.eu/media_server/files/V/p/rapor1_1_.pdf;
Turkish National Assessment Report for World Summit on Sustainable Development. National Programme on Environment and Development. T.C. Çevre
Bakanlı7ı. – Mode of access:
http://www.un.org/jsum-mit/html/prep_process/national_reports/turkey_natl_assess.pdf
,
,
$,
$ 2(
'
" .'
2000- ##.
'
#
&
[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Environmental Performance Reviews – Turkey. Paris: OECD Publishing,
2008, . 22, 121–122].
17
Keyman, E. Fuat; 'çduygu, Ahmet. Globalization, Civil Society and Citizenship in Turkey: Actors, Boundaries and Discourses. // Citizenship Studies.
2003, Vol. 7, No. 2, . 224.
18
Avrupa Birli7i Türkiye Delegasyonu. AB ve Sivil Toplum (2011). – Eri8im
Modu: http://www.avrupa.info.tr/EUCSD.html
19
.: Avrupa Birli7i Türkiye Delegasyonu. AB ve Sivil Toplum. – Eri8im
Modu: http://www.avrupa.info.tr/EUCSD.html
20
EU-Turkey Review, Issue 9 (Fall 2007), . 10.
21
( !
!
6
'
.2
"
31 . 1959 #., #
!
$
6
+
'
(69 ). % 1963 #.
"
!
69
#
.
, !
, .
!
$ ,
#
$ #
-
43
" '
«
».
, ! $, $
,
#
"
. ),
# , –
69
. ,
#
#
(1957) (1992),
"
.
6
.
! . "
.
6
#
1987 #., #
#
$ & +
#
»
#
.
$
.2
.'
+
, "
,
#
#
2
,
!
#
&
$
.%
'
&
"
! 1990-& ##.
10
1999 #.
6
$
!
#
.
( 1995 #.
!
$ 6
&
#
$
«
$
& "
«&
'
! #
.' .
#
0
$
$
:
$
/
&
»
,6
.6
. (
/
$.
:
.6
!
.9
.
$
#
,
#
$
$
.%!
#
.
$
! #
#
"
.
22
Muftuler-Bac, Meltem. Turkey’s Political Reforms and the Impact of the
European Union // South European Society and Politics, Issue 10, 2005, No. 1, . 23.
23
Kassimeris, Christos; Tsoumpanou, Lina. The Impact of the European
Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
on Turkey’s EU Candidacy // The International Journal of Human Rights,
Issue 12, 2008, No. 3, . 329–345.
24
Hurt, Stephen R. Co-operation and Coercion? The Cotonou Agreement
between the European Union and ACP States and the End of the Lome Convention // Third World Quarterly, Issue 24, 2003, No. 1, . 161–176.
25
#
6
# "
#
'
&
!
.
$
,
$
$
!
&
&(
#
,
'
# "
#
'
- !
).
26
European Union, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the
European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the
!
44
Committee of the Regions – Civil Society Dialogue between the EU and
Candidate Countries, COM(2005) final, 2005, . 2. – Mode of access:
http://www.avrupa.info.tr/Files/File/CSD/civildialogue-eng.pdf
27
.: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birli7i Sivil Toplum Dialo7u. Program. 2011. –
Eri8im modu:
http://www.csdproject.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id
=16&Itemid=15&lang=tr
28
T.C. Avrupa Birli7i Bakanlı7ı. Diyalog *çin Gençlik Giri8imleri Hibe Programı. 2011. – Eri8im modu: http://www.abgs.gov.tr/index.php?p=5970&l=2
29
".
30
%
# "
!
"
'
$
,
+
«
!
» –
"
& !
$&
.
31
.: Avrupa Birli7i Türkiye Delegasyonu. AB ve Sivil Toplum. 2011. –
Eri8im Modu: http://www.avrupa.info.tr/EUCSD.html
32
;
& ! $ &
#
$
$
/
. $ &
&
(
"
!
$
#
,
" ,
&
," ' ,
)
$ &
&
!
&
# &
#
,
,
,
$
#
$. % .
33
Sampson, Steven. The Social Life of Projects: Importing Civil Society to
Albania // Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. L.: Routledge, 1996,
. 122–123.
34
Sampson, Steven. The Social Life of Projects: Importing Civil Society to
Albania. // Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. L.: Routledge, 1996,
. 119–140; Sampson, Steven. Weak States, Uncivil Societies and Thousands
of NGOs: Western Democracy Export as Benevolent Colonialism in the Balkans. // The Balkans in Focus: Cultural Boundaries in Europe. Lund: Nordic
Acadmic Press, 2002, . 27–44. – Mode of access:
http://www.anthrobase.com/Txt/S/Sampson_S_01.htm
35
Sampson, Steven. The Social Life of Projects: Importing Civil Society to
Albania // Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. L.: Routledge, 1996,
. 121.
36
Sampson, Steven. The Social Life of Projects: Importing Civil Society to
Albania // Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. L.: Routledge, 1996,
. 121.
45
37
Sampson, Steven. Weak States, Uncivil Societies and Thousands of NGOs:
Western Democracy Export as Benevolent Colonialism in the Balkans // The
Balkans in Focus: Cultural Boundaries in Europe. Lund: Nordic Acadmic
Press, 2002, . 5. – Mode of access:
http://www.anthrobase.com/Txt/S/Sampson_S_01.htm
38
12-#
.'
: «(
,
!
$
#
!
# "
#
'
»
(Projeler, Projecilik ve Sivil Toplum Kurulu"ları). (
!
$
#
$,
«
.
#
,
,
$
…
$
$
,
"
…
&
& 12
'
$
» [Projeler,
Projecilik ve Sivil Toplum Kurulu8ları. *stanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 2003, s. v].
(
! #
+
!
$
(Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı)
+
/
,
!
$
$
$ –
$
! # # "
#
'
,
&
!
&
,
[Projeler, Projecilik
ve Sivil Toplum Kurulu8ları. *stanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 2003, s. v].
39
Seufert, Günter. The Impact Of Nationalist Discourses on Civil Society //
Civil Society in the Grip of Nationalism. Istanbul: Ergon, 2000, . 26.
40
Civil Society in Turkey: An Era of Transition. CIVICUS Civil Society
Index Country Report for Turkey. Istanbul: TÜSEV, 2006, . 53.
41
Sampson, Steven. Weak States, Uncivil Societies and Thousands of NGOs:
Western Democracy Export as Benevolent Colonialism in the Balkans. //
The Balkans in Focus: Cultural Boundaries in Europe. Lund: Nordic Acadmic Press, 2002, . 5. – Mode of access:
http://www.anthrobase.com/Txt/S/Sampson_S_01.htm
42
"$ !
&
&
"
&,
.
# "
.
43
Turkish Daily News, 19.11.2007.
44
Projeler, Projecilik ve Sivil Toplum Kurulu8ları. *stanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 2003;
AB Uyum Süreci ve STK’lar. *stanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 2004;
Sivil Toplum Kurulu8ları Konferansı, *stanbul, 3 Mart, 2006.
46
. .
!
'
(
(
:
9
6 0 >+ 2 "
# &
" 0
+ 2
, 0 & +137#3
+, " " #
0 +
$
/ %
# 6 ,
"1 , . . 0
"
1 " " .1 0
2 "
" " #0+
# 6
" " 0
3% 0
1,
.
% .,
# . /&#
&
0
+ .*. (
8 . 0
0
"* 0 +
$
2
>
1 # &
2 " 0
"
. 4 #
2 2 #&
" ,
*. 1"+1
1 # 6 1,
0 "
+, " . "
,
0 &
"
+1.
6
+
$
*4
# & " " ?$ 7
"1%*" 3 1 0 .
. " 0+ 7
.
"
"#37 4 %
&
+, *4
" "
3% ,
37 4 1
0 $
1 0 "
6
+, *4 . ,>
".
, 7
" 1995 2. " 0
7
"
& % $
"1% + 0 0
"* " #0+
1 # 6
"
0
1
. # 6 . 0 "
+, " . .
&+1 0 +
$
2
>
1
%
&
+,2 %
0+
1 0 " # & "
#0
> 2
# 6 2
8
, 0 / " 37 2 " 2
6 4
0# +
. + " *.
% . %& , "* #0 +
,$
0
1/
" 2 0
&
0# +
# 6
. + .
0 +
6
6
+,
# &
&
$
2 /&
# 6 .
5 6 +,
5
#7
" "
1 "
# &
2 " 0
*+ 0 %
0 "
+, " . # 6
+,
" 2005 2.,
0 + 0 4 &
"+
(
0 " &+ "
%"
1
(( ),
1,
. $ +
2& >
0 & &
+,
2
!
*
, # & 0 0
4 /&
3, " +3$ +
# &" 0
"
$
" 0
2 " " 3 0 +
$
#3
0 2 ..#. (
+ " . *
, # " & " (
%
& 6
" + ,
&
+3$
+,
+, "
2
0 & "+
1 # &
4 "* #0+
,
*4 0 & / " + 1,
1
0 . , *">
0 % &
# 6
#+ .
.
+, .
&
,
.
1
0 " %2+ >
#3 " 2009 2. 0 "
+, " .
47
&/ 0 = & 2
%*" .#3 « # & #3
6
"#»,
0 & %#. " ">#3 " 0 "#3 $
&, >
7
"
#/&
# &
0
+ .*, & +,> &
#
& .
" 2 0 %
1 #+, #
-+ 2"
$
4
# & ",
+ $ 37 4 4
#
, 0 +
$
4
>
% &
+, 2 %
0+
1
40 "
0
% >+ .
( + 0 > &> 4 " 3
2011 2. 0 + .
4 "*
",
*4 # &
.
6
+
., "* #0 "> . "
$
"
% "
.*4
& &
", #& + , 0 +#$ , 35 .
" # 6. 0 + .
,
0 & &
+, # &
(
.
& .
((! )
+, #2+# " &
. 0 1&
.
" 4 # & " (
. . & +
.
4 0 +
$ 4
+,
* "
+
0
0 && / " 3 #
(
$ 4 # &
– ( ),
@1" +
0 4 & "> .
"
1
*
2
& .
$
4
7
"–%
$0 +
$
2
% 6 , 0 &
+,
( , –
0 " %2+ >
. . « # &
#+, #
"
. »
# 6 .
*
+
%
*. " . 2 . 0
.#,
$
. 2 &
4 0
. /
0 & + ,
+, *4 2
6
"
. ,
&.
" 0 " " 2
# .
0 1
+
.
#2+# ,
$, & " 0 "#3 $
&,
#+, #
"
.
# & " # 6 ,
1
"* /
1 "
4-+
+, *4 2
6 4
& +/
* , 0 %
"
$
" 0 & " /&
1
#
# & " # 6
& +, 2
#
& . #/
.
,,
$ (! , 0 && / " 37 1 +
3
4 &17 2 1 " % +3$
+ &
(
&#++* &/ +
, 0 & +/
"* #0 , % % &
+,
%
0+
0 &
" ,.
0 & +
6
"*,
# $ 11 0
8 ., 2&
"
2
6* 8
"
.
#&# 0 4 & ,.
8 ., " $
, % 1" + .8
1
*
.
& . ,# % "
,$
+ 6
"
.
#&
2
&
1
* ,
& .
*. .# 6 0 +
.
1&#
# 6 . 5+ 2 . & +/
* , 0 & 1
# &
- + -% + * 5+ 2. (
8 .
& .
. +, $
# &*
.
" 3 «8
0
& .
$
"
.
" $
" 2 /&
6
"*,
0
6
+, 2
2
&
" #
# & ""
. 4 & 2
2 2 #&
" » . %"
1 0 " % 7
6
% "
.*
& 0#
1
*
+ )
"
0 +
@1"+
1
"
.
# & " % 1" + , $ 8
> 2 &+1 # & " # 6
#&
&
$ *.
>
.,
#
#&# . ,
48
# &* –
#
"
. , 5 &
+ %. ,
5 &
6
+
3
% "
. 2 2 #&
" , – & +/ *
> ,
.
# &* .
$
" 0 .
0 " +
"
–
& #3 5
5
#3 0 " 6 3, /
+
% " 4 2 &
. 3 0 "
2 +
" , % " %. /
, "*4 &
%
"
&*. &
% 1"+
) *
&
$
"
.
&+1 # & "
*+ 0 && /
+,>
" . $+
" (! , "
%#+,
$ 2
& 0#
+ !#>
*
* % 1" +, $
0 &
1 6
4
*+ + >, + $
6
"
+* ) * .
& 5# 6
" (!
#7
"#
+
"
.
"
"
+
/ *4 0 &4 & " « # &
.#
" 0
#» "
. 4
2
#& $
"
0 "
+, " .,
" 0 "#3 $
&, " & +
0 $
1
+,
"
2
.
, & 0#
(!
+
0 &" 2
%
> . 0 " %2+ >
"
.
# & ",
%" " 2
« &
+ $ *.
>
., & +
*.
.
2
& .
$
2
7
" (
) – 0 +
$
+*,
+
+ %
( ». ( # " /&
3
,
>
1"+1
1 + 2
. *., 0
+, #
#$ *"
.
#
,
.
4 # & ",
* 1"+13 1 0 " / 6 .
+ .
" " + 6 (
0 " &+ "
%"
1, 2 + #3 %
0 && / " 3 & 3 "
. %. , "
" #3
.
.
+1 . 2 4
6
+
$
*4 # & " " # 6
$ " & ,$
&
%
" *4 0 &0 *+ &+1 %
&
+, 2 %
0+
1 0 &
"
.
#&
0
1
"
#6 , 0
" #/
+, +
"
#/&
1 "
7
"
" #+#
4 ! &/+
. ( .
3
"0
1 1
" 2
" 2 %
, * > 11
#6 1
%6 1982 2. 1"+1
1 "
, & + 2 $
2 /
"
, "*& /
" &#4 # 6 2
6
+ %. .
" .1 0 &"*
.0
2011 2. 0 ., -.
/& 0 = & 2
7 +, $
& "*
"
2 /&
#6
$
1
% . &+
+,
0 +
0 &" &
1
2 " "*
". ( "
$ +,
7
0
1 ,
"#3
#6 3, "
*+
* %
0+ * #"
* 0 " # & "
& +, 2
#
& "*%" + " &#> "+
"
&
+,>
"
# 6 4 # & ",
4
"
1
"
#6
. /
*+
"
.
"*. 0#
.:
1
6
# 6 #3 &
$
, " 4
2 /&
# 6 ,
1
% 0
1& #+, # *4
0 +
-
49
$
4 0 ", " . $ +
0 " 0 +,% " , 1
& *. 1%*. " " 4 5
4
7
"
0 +
$
/ % ,
/ %
0+
#
# &
"
. . ( . $
+, ,
$ &+1
" "
.
.
* .# 6 0 +, * "* * . 3 2
%&
+,>
% $
, $ . "*
*"0 + .
.
+ 2 & 1 0 && /
+
1
&#++* &/ + . 2+ 0 +#$ , # " &17
0
* " 99 .# 6 0 +, *4
&.
" *4
% "
14, " +3$ 1 .8 3
1
* .
( +
. 0 " %2+ >
1 0 +
$
.
.
&#++* &/ +
«& .
$
#+, #
"
. »
" # 6
0
%"
#+ , &
#
1
., $
. /
$
, "
.
"0 +
$
4 # + " 14 # 6
2&
#&#
0 4 & ,
2
6*.
,
% "
+, 2 % * «;3
»
+$
1 $
, $ " 0 "#3 $
&, #/
0 & + , 1
. .0 1
. "
. , %
.
& +1 ,
%+ $ *.
4
. – #&,
# &
1, #+, #
1 + & .
$
1.
+ &#1 0 1
« "
. » (0 - # 6
“özerklik”),
1
. $
, $
.
" # 6 . 1%* &" % $
1.
-0 "*4, 8
0 "
& +,
2 #00* "
. 4
7
"
/ ,
2+
0
6 0 .
. #0 "+
1,
"
"
#6 . , " -"
*4, 8 0 "
& +,
+ $ / ,
2+
. %
.,
* 0 % 3 1 3
.
5
. =
0 % 6 1 $ ,
"
$
" + 2
. *4 &+1
.
" /
&+1 . 2 4
+ .
4 2 #&
".
#
. 1%*
.# 0 & +
3 "
.
+
+ %
0
.* +# 0 1
« .
». (
8 .
" *.
%
. &
"
#
# & " 1"+1
1 4
".
1,
"* /
1
1 ,
«0
& "
6
+, - "
&
+,
,
%
%6
&
1
0# +
# 6 ».
#/
. $ + ,, & 3 # &
"
.
0 && / +
"
& 0#
*
(! . (1 , & 0#
" "* % +
"
2+
.
. 2 . 8
*+
"1%
., $
. 0 " %2+ >
# &
#+, #
"
.
" # 6
0 >+ ,
& , 2& " #0 *4 2
& 40
4 & +
+
"
1 # 64& .
"
. (
0 +
2 ,
# 6
1& " 0 " 6
1
* 0 0 + " %
&# 0 $
", "
%#+,
$ 2
*+ #
* 13 # 6 4 "
+#/ 7 4.
" .
0 "
6 " % (
" 3+ 2011 2.
+ 13
+&
5 6
"
2#+1
# 6
.
– 8
*+
#0
> 1
0 $
"
2008 2.,
2& 0 " / 6* &/ +
0 +
# 6
1&
2
6
.. ( .
3
50
" #.
*4 > 2 ",
&
0 " %2+ >
"
.
. /
+ 2 0 1
% , 1
. /8
$
4
>
14 "
.
" 3 $
&,
5
6 ,
2
% "
7–8 & 1 2011 2. 2 /&
.
– # 6 1 " " 0 + .
,
0 & &
+, (!
+ 4
.
> & +
0 1 ,, $ 0
0 & +/ 3 1 " # 6
*
+
" >
"
&#++* &/ +
,8
#&
%& " ,
, % * 0 01
" 1 &+1 & .
+3&
1
"7
.
*4 0 "
& % $
& +/
* ,
#/&
*
6 + . /
6
+
$
* 0 &
"
+
# & " # 6 ,
" 0 "#3 $
&, $+ * (! , 1"+137
1
0 +
$
.
*+ . (
$ 4 # &
, " &#7
0
%
#3 "
#
32 -"
*,
" 3
" "
#6 3
4 %.
,
*
* 2
" + 0 "
& +, *. 2 /&
. # 6
# &
2 0
4 /&
1, " .# # &
.#
&#, 0 / " 37 .# " # 6 ,
& +,
6 .(
8 . # &
0 +
$
8+ *
("
. $ +
&#++* &/ +
)
/ ,
# 6
0 "
+, " , 0 ++ #3
"
"#37 .
.
%
&
+, "
"
3% , $
%&
0
" &+1
0 +
$
&
#
0 &0
/ .
0 8 .# " 0
#.
( + 0+
1 # 6 . "+
1. " 1999 2.
&#++*
&/ +
(
%.
+
" 3
#,
1 , &
6
" , 1
0
"
#/
0
%
, *, & + "
#0
0 +
$
>
# &
2 " 0
,& +
"% "> ,
&
.
1 +, 2
% "
. 2 2 #&
" ,
" 1 0
8 .
0 "
#+, #
"
.
# & ""
"
# 6 .
*0 "
+, "
/
*+
& +
1& > 2 ",
0 "+
*4
2 .
% 6 3
>
# & . .
$
,
1999 0 2002 22. %
26
28
#6
# 6
*+ #& + * 2
$
1
0 +,% "
«% 0 7
*4 1%* "».
# " 4
6 , # # & " # 6
.
1%* 0 & +/
2
, 0 & +137#3 2+ "
"#37#3
+, "
.
6
+,
&
5
6 .
,
.
1
,$
# 6
1%*
+,
"1%*" + 1 # 6 . # & .
0
1/
" 2
0# +
2 0 "+
1 "
$
"
& 2 , &
$
. 2
# 6 4 # & " 0 & +/ 3
$
, # . &/
"
"
6
+,
&
5
6 .
+3$
"+13 , 0 / +# , 0 &
"
+
& % % ,
* ,
-
51
"
8
$
. *
,
% + ,
, * . /&# # & .
#
. % 0
& +
#6 . "1%
8
., $
&
4 # & " # 6 ,
0 && / "
( ,0 &
* > 2
.
" 3 1 " 0 "#3
$
&, "
$
" 0 +
$
2 0 & +/
1 "
#/
, * 0 & 5+ 2 . # &
2 0
%. %
. 0 & + # & ",
$
" 1984 2. (
0 & # " & " .
&#++*
&/ +
.
! /&# . "
.
0
1%
1 # & ""
0# + # 6
. 3 & " 33
3,
4 &1 "
"* / " $
&
#0 *4 "
, 0
% > &> 4 7
%
#
"+
1
0# +
2
1,
$
1
"
1
> 4
& " 1925 2.,
* 0 & 1+ 1 0
"
"
" "+
0 &
+ 2 % *. % .
.
0
0 && /
2+ $ , %
$ " 1
% $
+, *4 " +
"
.
& * 30-4 2 & " 0 >+ 2
+
1. & 1 " .
# 6 4 # & "
" , &
&+1
0
"
1
"/ % , " " #
0 +
$
/ %
* #7
"# . /
" 0 01
"
2
$
.
# +,
,
% " +
7 " 0 "* 2 &* #
"+
1 " # 6
0# +
2
/ . ,
2&
# &
" 0
0 +
$
1"+
" %+ / .
0 +
0 &
.
.0
%& + . /&#
. -0
&
+, 6 . " ( "
. "
"
.
%& +
.
# 6 , 0 & +
* & 2 " .
-(
(1916),
+,
. (1919),
"
. (1920)
%
. (1923) & 2 "
. , 0 " +
.#, $
# &
&
0
"
" +
& " .
% + 1 " $ * 4
4
2
— # 6 ,
,
.
0
&
, * # 6
%
% "
.
,,
" $ 1
%.
.
2
"1 "
1923 2.
" 0
* /#
+
2 % *«
»
4.
=.
+.
.,
# " &
+,
6
+, "
&
+, 2 &" /
1 0 &
"+1
>
# &2 " 0
, !#
5
. +,
"
+, $
« # &* 0 / " 3 " 2
6 4 # 6
0# +
&
$
.0
, &0 .
0
. 8
.0
. > "
1
# 6 .
+
.0 " &
2
6 0 / "
1 # & "
#&
" %. / .
$
, 8
#&
% $ , &
–
6
# 6 ».
3 "*
%*" + 1 % " %. /
,0 &
"+
1
"
. , . . " #
2
. #0 "+
1
. +1., "
*4 # &
+
"+1
0 & "+137
+,> " ,
0
8 . 0 &
*
"
. *
% "
1 & +/ *
" 1
52
"4 & , "
" &
# 6
6 : «
17
" .1
[ . . 1923 '. – . ]
+
6
+,
# 6
[
]
% & 0#
", 0 &
"+137 4
*
#
,
# & ", 8 &" 8+ .
@ &
+ "
*
" 3 #&, #…
,
0
. 3 , $
4
– 8
8
".
0 &0 1
. 0 " & ,2
6* –
+ 2
%#. » .
0 &4 & &
$
& +2
" .1
" + 1" # 6
" ,.
&
:
%
#
.
& + . . 4
2 #&
"
2 #
" .
,
4 " *4
& #.
"
+ &
#0
+ >, "
$ + 60-4 2 & " 0 >+ 2
"
, &
0 + "
2 0
"
1980 2. &
#0
.
"
*+ %
* . *
%"
, $
" "
" .1 % 2 #&
"
*4
4 " " # 6
*+
%@1
$
, 0
+ "
%
&
% 5 " +, 1922 2., 2&
#/& + 1 " 0
# " %. /
# &
"
. .
"
"#37 4
"*
%*"
3
"
17
" .1 . +
. 0 &" 2
1
.
3 " # 6 .
. $
%"
*
# 6
/#
+
/
3 & , « # , 2 "*
%*"
1
" , $
+ 0
#
1,
"
%.
#6
+
*
# & .
+* – 0
%@1"+
/ +
1 0 / " 37 2 "
4
+
1 – . 3 0 " 0
& " ,
" #
. #0 "+
; 0
8 . # &*, / + 37
/ , " # + " 14 "
. , ".
#
.
#&# $
, 1
9
%#37 .
& * # 6
&» .
) 1
.
14
2+
0 +,% " , « # & #3
#»
"
, % . #+, #3 5 , " 1921 2., !#
5 -0 > (
3 )
0 & %#. " + # & #3 "
. 3 "
"
# 6
" +3$
. "
" 2 ! #+,
2 " +
,
* 0 %/
#&
0 & & "+
.
2+
2 #
# 6
" &
"
"
.
4 " 4
+
6
4
+ , 0
0
#+ " 0 0 " &#
%#+,
" %
* *4
" 7
10–12 5 " +1 1922 2., 2& " 4 & /
4 &
"
#/& + 1 " 0
#&#7
# &
"
. .
0 ,.
0 ., -.
#
+
+ &#
% #
2& >
0
+ "
. #+
6
#. +,& . $ +, $ "
%#+, 0 & +/
+,
&
#
" # 6 .
6
+, .
, %
&
2 0 4 & + "
, *+ 0
1
0
0
"+
1
%&
# &
"
. ,
17
%"
. &6
0#
". ( " &
1 " 0 ,.
% #
% +36 1 " 0 " . /
" . 0#
"* / + . &
-
53
4
0
.
1 0
6 0
6
+, 2
. 0& +
1, 4
* &+1
2 " .
. $
, "
.
2 "
1: « +
6
+,
# 6 , # " & "#1 ,
" .
*. 6 " + % "
*.
"
1. " & +
0 $
1 & +,
> 2
%"
1 # 6 2
& ,
%
" 3
1%
, "
%&
"
.
6 +,3
"
" 1
.,
& 6 1.
6
+, *. $#" " .
10
.
,, $ "
>
# &
2
& » . )& , + &#
#
# & " " &
. +#$
0 . 1+ , &
/ 0 1
“ulus”, $
.
&" 1
0
" &:
&,
6 1.
( & %#. " + ,
/
%&
2
" .
2
. #0 "+
1,
17 4 % «&
*4 0 &
"
+
# &2
& ».
2+ "
"
.
& +/
*+
1 , 2#
(" + ),
% $ .*
32 & .(
8 ."0
"
.
0 &$
" + ,, $
2#
. /
* ,
# & .,
#
.. (
++ +,
# 6 . (6
+, *.)
6
+, *.
. # 6
" 0
0 & %#. " + ,
%&
.
2
# &
2 . &/+
,
*
. + *
0 "
% $ , 2#
0 1.#3,
&
1 0 " +, " "
. # &
6
+,
& +/
*+
%
, 1 0 1.*. "*
. " # &
4 ("
$ *4)
" +
4.
0 + . $
. &/+
–32 & .
( &0 + 2 + ,, $
# &
. /&+
& +/
$
,
" 3
# 1 .
%
& , 4 . 16 .
" +#$ ,
+
# 0
> , "
0
"+
*
0 "
# " 0
*,
0
>
3
+,>
" $+
" # &
2 . &/+
& 1 2#
,
2
. 2# * , 0 &+ *.
>
1 # &
2 . &/+
& +/ * 0
" " ,
%" 3 0 2
#"
2
, 0
8 ."
6
"* & +/ *
2+
"*" , 1
. .
% 0 "
+, " . "
,
+ &#
% 0
"
.
& "1
+
& ",
" + ,
> 37
+ " " 0
4 . /&# 2#
. . &/+
.. 0 & +
2
6 #&#7
"
.
"4 & + " .0
6 3 0 6 +,
.
. ( &"
+,/ "2
6* "
.
" +3$ + , " +
*
,
+ ,
1
*
.
&/ .
. 0 " #& 1 " # &"
.
& +/
*+
* ,
2
% "
, $
*
. 2+
#7
"+1 , 1
# & . ,
#
. "
"
"
.
*.
*$ 1. .
" 0
#&#7
".
# %*" + ,, $
6
+,
0 "
+, "
1%#1
". > " , 1 " 0 6
+ 2 ", 0
#0 37 1
54
4 0
"
*+, #&
0 & +1 , 1 . /&#
# &.
"
>
1 0 6 +,
%&
".
.
.
2+ " .
/ & .
& +/
*+
4 & , 1 #
. (
8 . # 6
1%* & +/
* ,
5 6 +, *. 1%* . " &
1 %
&
# &
2 . &/+
,
/ & + 0
%" & " " " & . " 2#
, $ ,
.
.
,
+3$ + " & +,
> . " %. /
0 +,% "
1 # &
2 1%*
"
$
"
5 6 +, 2 . ( & %#. " + ,
" %. /
, 0 0 & "
1 " > + 4
# &
.
1%* .
6 + . / . &/+
"
. 2
# &
" + 1
" % "
.
,
,
&
1
2
. 2 0
. , "
"
>
1.
.
,, $
"
. 1,
>+
$, "
$ + 20-4 2 & " 0 >+ 2 "
, 0 & %#. " + " %. / #3 "
. 3
4 + ",
*
#7
" " + " # 6
" 1921 2., . . & 5
$
2 0 " %2+ >
1
0# +
2
1. (
8 .
4 &17
1" # 6 4
4 " 4 & #.
*, " $
, 0
+*, 0 &0
* !# 5
. + . " . , 22
1 1 1919 2. 0 + 0
2 "
"
0 &
"
+ . 0 "
+, " "
. #+ " + 6
+ 40 > , 2 "
1, $
3
"* #0 +
2
$
0
"
& +
1
# 6
# &
4
+
, $
,
*4 *+
#0
"
"
. .
2+ $
. ,
0
8 .
&"#11
.* +
0 % " +% # & . 0 "
"
. 3 .
0
"
. . + 0 +
,3
% "
. .
# 6
# &
1"+1+ 1 +3$ "*. " " .1 "
1 # & "
"
$2
"0 "
0 + "
1921 2.
% & +2 &
$ + " 1–"
1
1920 2. " /&1.
+, 4 # &
4 0+ .
"
$2
,
/ % 0 & 2
.
.1
2 0 "
+, " !#
5*
. +1 *+
0 "+
0 +
," .
& / + ,
"
.
*4 # &
4 " /& ,
«0 % 37 4 "+
, 0 "
+, "
. #+,
2
#+
»,
7 , 0 "
+, "# !#
5*
. +1 2
$ # %
1
" 0
* .
2
. #0 "+
1 («.#4
») # & .
/ " 0 +
& / + ,
"
1
. &+
"
& , % 3 . =+1% 2 ,
"
, ! + ,
= % &/
12
% +3$
*4 # & " .
)& ,
.
,, $ " 0 &
"+
# &
4 0+ . *4 " /&
$ + 1920-4 22.,
" 2 ,
#7
" " + $ 2
%& +
1 . /&# 0 1 1.
"
.
(«.#4
»)
% "
. 2 2 #&
"
2
% "
1. ( 8 .#, 0 . 3
*4 # 6 4 #$ *4,
% "+ 1 1
2+ $ ,
-
55
. "> 4 1
2 # ,
>
*
5
* ! #+,
" +
# 6 , #/ $
%
+, &
# &
" /&
$2
.
0 " +
+
.#
6
+, .#
3
.1 " 4 & 0#
""0 + .
+ &#37#3 & 0 >#: «
# .
%" , " 4 # 6 4 0 &
"
+
2
" "+
%
",
+
*4 # & . ,
/
%" ,
"
#/
*
1&*,
0 "+
* "
#
.
$2
».
#/ 25 1 1
.1 0 &
"
+ &
.
4 # & ""
6
+, .
*+
0 "+
+ &#37
7
:
«
"
0 + /
"
2
2+ >
1,
# . 0 %
," $
"
% "
. 2 # &
0 " 6
1
* ,
=+1% 2,
+ ,
+
* 0 0
.#7
"# # & . .
13
0
" . +#$ .* "* #/& * #& . 0
2 # ,
#/ 3» .
#/
.
,, $
+,>
" 0 / " "> 4 "
$2
. # & "0
&+ / +
+ "
., " "1%
$ ., " + $
& #2 4 # &
4 0+ . ,
& .
" +
0 " /
&
"
"+
1; + 5
,
1
0 "*4
0
4
6
+, - "
&
+, 2 &" /
1 1"+1+ , " /*. 5
.,
@ & 1"> . #
" ( # & "
#
),
* 0 && / " +
"
&
+,
&" /
!#
5* . +1.
0 + /
1 " #& &
#0 . 0 &2
.
+
,
., 0 +#$ "> 1 7 " " .1 ( "
.
"
"
*
5 6 +, *
# "
. 2
% "
1
+
1
" 0 "
0 + "
XX ". "
" . + "
.
% 0 &
" +
&
% % , 1%*
*4 + %
2 #00
1%* ", # % .
3
*+ 0
.
"
" 1935 2. " # &/ + – 0
%"
3 &.
" 2 6
+
. (
8 ."
" .
# 6
&+1 . 2 4
6
+
$
*4 # & "
. &
4 0
1 "
% *.
$
.
." + .
.+
# & "
&.
"
#+, #
.
1 +,
, & /
.
1
#3
0
, 0
&+ /
% %
# & .. ( $ +, *.
%#+,. &
.
4 "
1937–1938 22.
+
, $
+1">
8
# &*, 2 "
">
$ 14 % %
# . &/
1"+1">
1 " % $
+,
$
"
+ "
.
0 "
0 " &
3, *+
+, "
+ * " 6 +, *
* # 6 , 0 $ .
& 0 &
"
+
&
% % , 2 "
"> 4
$ , " . 2 .
+ $ .
# 6 2 ,
# &
2 1%* ,
+
"
0 0 2 &
" , 1 .* +,
., $
4
&
, 1"+1
1
. . & + " ",3 # 6
*.
. + " / #3
+, " # -
56
8
&
*2 +
, $
"
+ . & + 2
# 6 2
6
+ %. . &
2
0 , "%1 2
" #/
3
., *+ ) 1 ? +,0,
* 0 .
+
0
4 & +
% %
&
% % .
#/
% ,, $ 0 &
* 0 &4 &* "
" .
#
/# 1 &
$
# + " *. , 0
+, #
1 + /
,
6
+,
( . ) &
5
6
&
% %
"1%
7
., $
7 " " .
.
.0
& 0 *
+ " %.
*
& .
" +
#
.#3 « .
,»
" 4
, "
*4 + 2 & 1 0
#7 .# .
+ 2 %.# .
%
3
0 % " + ," 4 "
" "+
; + 5 .
% "+ 1 1 + " %. " .
# 6
0 +
$ #+, #
" %
# " & + 1
%*" .* «0
6 0
«
1» (& + "
« .
+,
,» + «#
"
»), 0
.# 0 &&
*. 4 + 5 &
" + , 0 "
4
1 ,
« .
,»
+ 2 % 2
%
1
"
"#37
.#
% .* + , & .
#1 0 &
, "+
4 + 5 + >,
.
+, .
+ $
+,
,3 + " %.
*+ ( , 0 / +# ,
1)
, $
+ 2 % 1 &
5
6 1 "
.
% "*4 6
#. 2 4 + "
"
"
1 "*> , $ .
"
6
+, 1. (
8 .
3 ,
. ">
1
>
#+1 % 6
0# +
# 6
" 1920- 22., "0 +
. 2
$ *" ,
0 +
$
#3 0 && / # + "
"
4# "
+
. 0 &4 & .
"*
"
3 "% .
>
0 &
"
+1.
%+ $ *4
5
+, *4 2 #00. &
0
8 ., 0 -" & . .#, +
#$ *" + ,, +
0
. + , " " .
, $ % $
+, #3 $
, + "
"
"+1+
# &*,
*
$
+ % %
" .
& *. 1%* .
/ ,
,
& *. 1%* . $
+ # . &/ ,
4
6
+ $
#
.+
1
"
" " +
0
& 2.
# 6 2
6
+ %. ,
1
/& + , 6
+,
"+ ,3.
$ ">
1 "
&
1930-4 22. "
.
"
.
"* #0+
1 # & "- + "
" "
0
+ "
3
#0 *4 "
1937–1938 22.
$ + 1920-4 22.,
.
" 1 " %. /
, %&
1 ". 2
+
% "
. 2
% "
1
# & ,
2+
!
. + 1 2
,
" #3
+, " & +
+ / "
1 "1%
.
*. # &
. 8+
. , .
.*. «&
*. 0 &
"
+1. # &
2
& »,
*4
>+
$, " 0
"
. .
,"
$ + 1920-4 22. 0 + & "
+, *.
.
%&
1 "
. 2
# &
"*-
57
#0 + > 4
&#+ & , *"> $+ " 4
0 + *0 " 2
0 + & 2 . &/+
.
.0
, * > 4
&#++*, # " &
+1
&
>
& 1, "
"> 2 " 1880 2.
0
" 6
+,
.
"+
.
&#+ &
1"+1+ 1 #" &
+ .
7
" "% . 0 . 7
# &
(« # &
+
/ .
») – 0 "
0 +
$
2
% 6 , "*&" #">
0 +
$
1 ( "
.
"
"
*
6
+
$
#3 0 2 ..# # & ".
.
2 ,
1919 2.
*+
/
$+
.(
"
&* 2 .
(«;3
"
+15 5* 14
.
*»), . ">
% $
+,
$ +
" " . &/+
#&#$ 0 + & "
+, *.
. ; + 5
,
"* #0 +
%
"
. 3 "
"
+ .
2 2 #&
" . "
. %.
" & + 2
&#+ &
"* / + 1 " + 1+,
& ; + 5 ,
&
*,
0
8 .
0 1
6
+ % "
"+
#+
.
%. / , 0 8 .# #
&#+ &
. + ,& $
. 2
% 2+
. +
. , " 0 "#3 $
&, +,
#+1 *4 0
6 0 " 0
1
" 2 2 #&
" .
2+
. 37 . 1 "
4
4 " 4 & #.
.,
&#+, & ,
" 1
% "
. . # &
, " 1$
0 ++
" +
4 & .
"
. 2
# &
"
"
# 6 ,
0 & 0
"
+, " .
+
. 2
0 1
&
. + %.
*
#& $
"
2+
,
/ 0 && /
"
1 > 4
& " 1925 2. 0 & 5+ 2 .
% "
. 2 # &
2 2 #&
" 0 "
+
2 &+1 . + " " ++
6
. 0 + 0 & "+
1"
1> 4
&
*+
"
" 2 #&
"
%.
0 " > .( & "+
# &
2 "
1 0 & 0 &" &
+, " . > 4
& " 5 " + - 0 + 1925 2.
. 2
2 &* 0 4
+
& 3 "
. 2
#
# & " # 6 .
> / &
" 1 % & $ 0 "
+, "
" & +
# &
2 " 0
"+ 1 1 &
+,
( .
,%
# & "
% 0 +
$
8+
. .
$ +
# 6 . # " & " . " + 6 (
& .
$
4 0
% "
" 5
. /8
$
4
>
, 0 +#$ "> 4
%"
« # &
1
6
" », (
1
$ 4 # &
0 +
$
++
– (
1 .
& .
((! )
% + ,
, * " 0 && / #
4 # & ",
*
15
1"+13 1
. #.
*4 + .
""+ 6 (
.
( 8 .# (
0 +
$
1
+ %
"
" 0 && /
6
4
" # &
& , "
" .1
% $
+, 1 $
, # &
4
++
# + "
0 -
58
+
" 2
"
*+
% , 0 && / # « # &
6
" » 0 "
+, " , 6 +,
% +3$ + , " >
7
"
&
#
0 " 0
.
>
1 # &
2 " 0
"
. 4 2 /&
2
7
" .
0
+ 2+ " 1 «0
+ .
1» 2 %
# 6
«) . », 0
# 1"+137 1 1 & . % 5 6 +, *4 #0
"
( , "
$
" 0 .
"
.
# & " . /
* ,
.
#
1
6 1,
%& +
1
22 0 " 6 ,
. 37
"
"
* 0 + .
.
#2 . 0 .
.,
*
+
0
12
+
&+1 # &
4
6
+
", . /
+#/ ,
0
1.
,
2+
2,
#6
0 , 0
1
" 1978 2., «
"
%
0
1
& + .
,
6
" 4
0 6 " 0 %
#"
*
#
0 "
& " 0 " 6 ,
%#37 4 6 3,
# ».
,
,
0
#6
%
: « % 1%* "
0
+,
1"+1
1 5 6 +, *. 2 #&
"
*.
1%* ..
0 6*
1% * 2 %
,
. 3 0 " 0 +,% " , 1 ..
+, * 1%*
0
1"+13 1
/
5 6 +, *. "
"
"#37 4 "
. *4
7
" 4 2+
4
#6 1.».
2
1%* "
& +
%
%
0
1"+1
1$
,3
#+, #
2
+ & 1 0 +,%#
1
*. #" /
. % 7
.
+
# &
6
+
*
" 3
.
0
. & + ,
0 &
"
+ 0 "
+, " " + 6 0 % &
. 3+1 0 ., -.
. .= & 2
. .
@1"+
1
$ + « # &
6
"*» " 0 + 2009 2.
0 . . 0 .
#
6
&
0 &0 + 2 +
5 &
+ %. 0
. 6
. & + .
, 0
7
3 2 % *
«) . »,
%"
*
$
%
"
6
+,
% 0
(
) # 6
*+ + 1
, $
0 & « #+, #
"
.
» 0 & %#. "
1
& +
% .+
0 " 6 ,
+3&
#+, #
2
#
0 &
2 ,
*
. 3 0 / " 37
"
.
#
.
*.
+ " . ,
2+
.
3 8 2
%"
2
$
,
+3&
0 " # & "(
/ ,
#
"
.
)
0 $ "
1%
$
4 . ,
0 " & " , & 1. # &
.
,
0 +,% " , 0
0
.
# "* “q, w, x”,
*4
" # 6 . 1%* , 0 +#$ ,
% "
" .
& . 1%*/ , "
"
"
& 6 1.
"
#+, # *, " +3$ 1 0 "
& + " 7
& . 1%* . &
0
0 " &+ " .# .
3 # &
4
6
+
"
-
59
+,
"
. ,
1 0 % 6 1
+, *, 0
+, # #
1"+13 1
" 4
+
.
.
,
# &
0+ .
0 / " + "
$
+
7 * 1$ +
% &.
" . % 1"+
0 0 " &# « # &
6
"*» 0 % &
# 6
. 3+, % 1" +, $ 0
+ .* " . /8
$
4
>
14 " #
* 0
4 &1 0 0 $
« % $ 16
$ " & ,
" 0
.
& .
$
4
&
"» .
$
"
4
0
"*
0
.
1 " . 2
#
# & " # 6
%
/&
"
+
0 +
$
#+, # *,
1 #/
$
5 . #
1 + 2 & 1 0 +
$
. & + 2 1.
" *4 0 +
$
4 0
, . 37 4 0 && / # "
&
# &
4 %
+ .
40
, 0 +,%#37 4 1 0 && /
%
+
"
$
+ , 0
# &" : 8
17 1 1 + " .#
*+# 0 +
$
2
0
(! , "* / 37 1
+
6
+
$
0
1%
1 # &
2 8+
# 6 ,
5 . +,
0
+ .
1 ( ,
4 &17 1 1
$
# #+1
"+
"
.
# &
"
.
0
3 1
&.
" *
.# 6 0 +, *
2 *
"
# 6 , % 1 *
. (! ,
8
" +3$ 1
#0 *
2
&
1
* , – 2+ "* 7 7 + " 51 +,$ .
& + 2 $
4 "%2+1& 4
+
&
+, *4 # &
4 0
"
(
4,
+ )
) "
17
" .1, 0 -" & . .#, 0 & +/
2+ "
" " , 0
6 0 0 "
6
. 0 & +
, 5 .#+
"
*
7
#&
+,
. " 1918 2.
0 && /
*
+ *.. .
0 %
8 2 0
6 0
1"+1
1
" &+1 . / 6
+, 2
"
" ,0 &
*.
0 & %#. "
1 , $
6
. "0 "
> ,, "4 & , +
."
" #/ #7
"#37 2 2 #&
" , %& " , +
"
# . 5 &
6
+
% "*" , "
6
+,
2 #&
" . ( .
3 # &
2
+ & "
+1 + " 2
+
< +. %
> , "
2 « # &
" 0
.
& .
$
>
», «8
0
6 0
. /
0 & %#. " ,
6
#7
" "
1 # & "
& +, 2
& "
. 4 &
2 2 #&
" , 0 0*
"
, 2 0 &
82 &
7 2 « #
%. »… " 0
" . +#$
8 " &
17
0
%.# # & "» .
$
"
+
&
+,
& .
$
6
"*,
0 "+
>
# &
2 " 0
" # 6 0
4
0
6 0
+,
& + .
*, . /
,0 %
# & "
&
6 ,
" >
"
*.
60
/ " 37
. / *4
14 # 6 ,
,
0 " . 0 &
"
+, "
2 +
"
" $
"
#0
> 2
& ,
. 37 2
"
2 #&
"
.( &
* 0* . + .
"" .
#7
" "
1
,
2& "4 & ">
" 2
"
+ #
1 *+ 0 &"+ * "
" $
"
& +, *4
6 ,
+
0
& "> 4 " " .1
.
" "
*.
%. / , 2+ " *.
2#.
. 0 +
$
2
> 1 # &
2 " 0
" # 6
1 # " /&
.,
$
0
$ " & , $ 2
. . & + 4 1
.
# &*.
( % 6
" >
# &
"
.
&
$
+, *
&
4 # & ",
* 0 / " 3 "
" .
32 -"
* ("
4 + 4,
1
* ,
+ ,
).
" .1
&
# &
2 8+
+ .
4
+ &
6
%.
4 &1 0 && / .
$
" /
$
2
2#.
" # 6 # &
2
&
"
&
0 " &1 1
2
"* 0
! 6
(! + %2
) 1071 2.,
2&
#
- +,&/#
0
0 && /
.
*4 # &
4 0+ .
+ 0
/
" % 6 .,
*" .
.*. 0# , #
. % " "
3 "
! +
% . =
$
*
. 2 . #.
*.
# &
.
6
+
. ,
. ,
0 . ,
0
+,
>
. +,,
#
1 "
$
"
+3$ " 2 0#
$ +
$
2 # 6 - # &
2
&
" .
&
%
" # &
0 +
# 6
$
$
1
%
., $
# &
1 0
+ . 1"+1
1 " #
.
& + .
*. ( 8 .# " 0
,
*
0
#,
"0 +
$ " & : 0
+
%&
# &
"
.
"
"
# 6
0 "
# + % 6
# &
2 5
" " .
2
%&
3 "
2
# &
2 2 #&
" ?
%. / , 8
2+ " * " 0
,
* & +
0 % 6 3 0 "
+, " "
>
14
# & .
+, 0
"
$ "
#1%" . .
,
6
+
$
* # &
& 0#*, %
* " . &/+ ,
% + , " 3+ 2011 2. 0
12 , 0 + .
#
#6
# 6 , 0 &$
" 1, $
%
0
1 1
>
1
"
.
# 6 2
# &
.* +
"
0
12
" &1 .
0
# &
"
. ,
.
% .,
"
1
#.
. 6 +,3 " #
0 +
# 6 ,
*
.
.
0
0 "
# + % 6
0 "*>
3
+
# &
2 5
" + /"
$ .
2
" 6 + ..
0
61
1
Çakır, Ru8en. Türkiye’nin Kürt sorunu. Istanbul, 2004, . 166.
http://www.haberpanorama.com/news_detail.php?id=22234
3
http://www.herdildeherrenkteisyan.org/zana-ozerklik-kurtlere-yetmiyor/
4
http://www.stargazete.com/politika/kurtler-in-iradesi-turkler-le-birlikteyasamaktan-yana-haber-410182.htm
5
Bayar Y. Atatürk Kürtlere özerklik için ne dedi // Hürriyet, 24.07.2011. –
http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/18325308_p.asp
6
".
7
http://kurdistan.ru/2011/12/16/articles-13501_Analitik_MKG_Turciy.html
8
Hürrüyet, 21.07.2011.
9
http://www.candundar.com.tr/
10
Ols n R. Kurds and Turks: Two Documents Concerning Kurdish Autonomy in 1922 and 1923 // Journal of South Asia and Middle Eastern Studies.
Winter 1991. Vol. XV, No. 2, . 20.
11
Gazi Mustafa Kemal. Nutuk. Ankara, 2006, CI, . 327.
12
Nuri Dersimi. Kürdistan Tarihinde Dersim. *stanbul, 1994, . 129.
13
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koçgiri_*syanı
14
Hakan Özo7lu. Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State. Involving Identities, Competing Loyalties? And Shifting Boundaries.N.Y., 2004, . 91.
15
http://www.canthink.co.il/is-a-turkish-kurdistan-on-the-way.aspx
16
Milliyet, 08.08.2010.
17
http://www.ozgurlukdunyasi.org/arsiv/120-sayi-216/401-kurt-sorunununcozumu-baglaminda-ukkth-ve-ozerklik
2
62
.
-=
'
)
(
'
.
! "
!
(
(
(
)
2001 2. 8
.
# 6 0
/ + $
&
5
" . $
% ,
* 0 &
"+1+
, 0 #& $ .#
0 & +
3
2 8
.
. ! #, «0 0#+
1
3&/
*
% ,
*4 " ;; "
*+ & 1
».
2
0 0
1
1 *+
"
"
*
# 6
8
.
# / ;;-;;I "".
+ "
., $
6 1980-4 22.
. ">
1 0 "*
, " 3 0 0#+1
, . + #
$ "* 0 "
+, "
# 6
+
.
" ,& 0 +
+, *
3&/
*
4 &*
"1%
*
.
3&/
* & 5 6 *
" $
"
& "
/ "+
10
+,
2 0
8 .
" 6 + ..
+ % 6 1 5
" 2
*
# 6
*+ 0#
&+1 0 +,% "
1
$ *4
*4 % . " " $
"
$
5
"
1 3&/
*4 & 5 6
". 2
5# 6
" 8
4 . – 5# 6
0 "+ $
1
*4
% . " &+1 #0 "*
& 4 & *4 2 #&
"
*4 & +2 "*4
1%
+, " –
#& " +, " . 0
1+
1 # 6
.
2
+ 2 0 +#$
8
.
* 0 0 + " % " .
,
0
«2 1$ 4 &
2» %-%
# / , + $ 37 4 1
"*
.
+,
,3 $#" "
+,
,3 #4#&>
3 8 . $
@3
# * .
2
*
. ( &
* .
&*
0 && /
1 8
. $
2
( $
, 0
2 " 8
. )
% /
0 " +
% #,
*
% % + 1 " 1994 2.
+ % 6
* # + 1 "+
" +# 4 &
$
0 + & "
+,
&+
+,
" .1
& " +
%#+,
",
"
&
2 # * " 2000 2. 0 "* 0 + /
+, *
2
*+
&
$
0 $ *. . ( 8 .# " 2001 2. # 6 1 0
/ +
$
&
5
" -8
. $
% ,
# + "+
*
. / 0 $
. , $
%
1994 2.:
4
1">
1
8
63
+
"
,3 " 5
2 5
"
"*
0 ,3 % "
.
8
.
0
$ *4
*4
"
6 ,
0 +,% " "> 4 1 &+1 5
"
1
& 5 6
.
$ "> 1 1 0 +
%
2001 2.
+ % 6 1 ( 2 ..*
0
1
+,
8
.
# 6
0 $ + 0 "*
0 %
/ "+
1,
1& " /
> 4 .
8
. $
4
0
%
+
0 -0 / .# " &
+, " " +
+ /
# 6 , 4
1">
1"
"
6 2002 2.:
5+16 1 0
2 . 2 &
" + 45%,
"
0 & +2
$ *.
&
.
0 "*> + 63%, & 5 6
3&/
0 "* + 14%
(, 2 2
& +2 – 0 $ 80%
(
*.
1
2002 2. 0
+ .
1 (
1 0 " &+ "
%"
1 (( ) & / +
" 3 0 "#3 0
&#
0 + .
4 "*
4.
0 4
0 $ + ,
& 0 $ 4 5
",
+ %# 2
0 "*>
6 +,
"
"
2 #&
"
&
0
$
>
+ % 6 *. .
., 0 &+ 2 "> . 1 !
,
0
"
$ "> .
.
#
# 6
0# +
,0
#6
$
37
1
6 +, *. 2 #&
" .. ( 8 .# # , 8
. $
0 + (
" $
" 0
"+
% +3$ + , " &
/
.0 .
. /&# 0 " &
.
+ % 6
0 2 ..*
+
+ .
"
6 +,
0 +
, $
& +/
*+ 4 1 * $
0 $ ,
4
&
$0
"0 6
0 & +/ "> 2 1
#& $
"
! .
(
8 .
" *. 0
.
. # 0 4
& / " 37
5 +,
&
-&
/
0 +
" + ,
+3& 2+
"
*4
& .
+, *4
%.
" & 5 6
3&/
# " 1
5+16 .
/
+ &#37 . 0 + .
. "*
., 0 > &> .
+
. 2007 2., (
0 & >+
# &
+, *. 8
. $
.
%#+,
. .
5
% .
2
7
1 3&/
2 & 5 6
>
2 & +2
(
% + , 0 $ "&" .
2 "0 "* %
0 + &
34 2 & 8
. $
#& + ,
% ,2 & "
# " ,
5+16
& 0
%
+ , "* / "> 4 1 & % $6 5
: 0
2 . 2007 2.
" + .
9%. !
8
. $
1
+ % 6 1 0 %" + + 0 && / " , #
$ "*
3
0 8 .&
$ "*
.0*
: " 2003–2006 22. – 7,3% .
2 2008 2.
% + ,
+
. *. , "
" . %-% 0 + & 2 «0 " +, 2
"
+ »,
2&
$ + , 0 2 #/
64
# 6
" 2+
+, * 8
. $
% :
.0*
4
# 6
8
.
% + , & 0,7% .
2009 2.,
"> . 0
. 0 "
" + *
%
, # 6 1
0
/ + 0 &
.0 "
8
.
, 0 "& ,
*+
.
2+#
., $ . " & #2 4
4 –
+ 5%. .12$
3
%
" . 2 . 0
" " + # 0 >
0 " &
1
5 .
"
2
,
1 0 %" + +
% / ,
"
4
, 2 " 0 + .
@ . .
2010 2.
"
" %
" + 1
" * 8
. $
,
" "5
6
>
0 $ 9% . (
2 . 2011 2.
( # 6
"*
5% .
2010 2. 0 "
+, "
% + ,
0 & +/
1
&
2
#& $
"
!
,0 & .
" " . .*.
" 3 " %
>#3 8
. $
#3
.
1 +,
,
#
"
4 & .
"
4
4 *
*+ 5 .
" > 2
+1.
*
0 +
*,
"
1
0 && /
.
8
. $
+,
, 0 & +11
42 & $ *. 0 2 .. .
&
$ 2
%"
1.
%
*" 3 1 / 2 & ,
%" " 1
# $ 11 0 + / 1 % & $ , 0
"+
* 0 &*&#7
0 2 .. . (
2 . 2010 2. & 5 6
3&/
" 1+ 1 3,3%. (
. 37 . 1
7
6
., " 2011 2.
" +
+ 3%
(, $
0 & " /&
0
, # 6
.
1 +, .# #& /
3
5
" 2
+
, 0
.
, " # + " 14
+,
+ 2 0 1
.
"
@3
# *.
( & .
" " 0
2 . 2010 2.
.* "*
&
=
.0*
, # 6 1 "*>+
0
%
+, 0 &#> " 2
("
#7 4 6
4 " 10 * . & ++., 0
@ . ." + " 2
" #
2 0 &# ,
$ +
2 0 0
# 0 #0
+,
8
0
(1 + . & ++.), % 1+ 16-3 0 % 6 3 " .
.
( "
+, "
"
%
*"
& +2
$ * 0 2 %* %"
1
*,
#1 ,, " . $ + ,
& # 2023 2. –
+
3 +
0# +
. ( &0 + 2
1, $
8
&
9
# 6 1 " & " $ + 10 #0
> 48
. .
.
(
+, #,
%.
0 &$
"
1"0
*4 & #.
4, «
" 1 6 +, 8
. $
0 +
– 0 "*> + 2
1 1
0
#& "+ "
& »,
.
"0 +
(
#& +1
1
,
&
,3
" .
,3 "
0 & +
& 4 & ".
. $ + ,
" 0 "
+, "
0 2 .. 2011 2.,
% *" " # "
& 4 & " 10%
.*4
2 *4
10%
.*4
& *4
+ 1
18
% " 2002 2. & 13 " 2009 2.
+ " 2002 2. "*> 130 * .
8
.
65
$ + "
"
. + . 1$ * & 4 & .
30 & ++.,
10
2009 2.
"*4
+ , .
,
/ . 4
%.* 0 %" +13 0 "
+, "# (
&
2 , 8
. $
4 # 0 4 "? ( && /
+,+
"
. /&# 2 #&
"
*. & 4 & .
4 & . 0 "
+, "
0 $ "
0
& " . "
+,> 2
7
1
"
6
*4
4 & ". 0 + &
01 ,
+
0 "+
1 (
"+13
8 & 10% #..
*4
4 & " 3&/
,
2&
7 " "
0 + "
1990-4
11
4 0 4 & + ,15–20% .
+ " 0
& 1990-4 –
$ + 2000-4 22. 4
7
#& /
% .# "
*+
% / *. " "1%
& "+
. 0 6
*4 "*0+
0
+#/ "
3 2 #&
"
2 & +2 ,
# 0 4
+ % 6
$
0 %" +1
0 "
+, "# " %
" ,
" #3
"
6
#3 & 1 +,
,, $ 2
& +
0
.
2 " #..
.
@ .
"
6
"
6
+, #3 8 . # & +1 2 #&
"
+ , 32% " 2002 2. & .
12
$ . 20%
6# 0 " 2 & 1 +
1 2000-4 22.
(
8 . "+
.1 1
% .
.# #" + $
3
4 & "
%
#3 0+ # 2
+#/ 7 4,
8
*+
" 1990- 22.:
#& / " 3 1
+, . # "
+
20%
#..
*4
4 & " 3&/
.
+ &+
+,
" .1
"
,
4 & " «
2 » 3&/
" + ,0 6
* "*0+ * 0 2 & +2#,
"
%#+,
# +
0 "
+, " 0 5
"
+ % 6
" % 6
6 +,
0 +
#& +, * "
4 & " 0
, «%& " 4
, 0
0 $
6 +, 1 0 . 7,»
" 2010 2. 0 "* +
4 &* 0
+#/ "
3 & +2 ,
" "–
13
16,4 18,7%
"
"
.
6 +, *
4 &* " 3&/
"*
+
2010 2. 0
"3 2002 2., 0
.
,
8–9 0 6
*4 0#
".
4 & "
" + , " -0 "*4, 0 " &
5 .* . & 6
2
4 "
1
6 +,3 4"
" 4 2 /&
% "*. . & 6
. # +#2 . , " +3$ 1
. 37 4
#
5 6 +,
% 1 *4,
,
0 $
"
7 2
&
#0
. & 6
. # +#2 .
" *4
"
14. (
8 .
&+1 " 4,
.
& 4 & "*> # " 1
&
,#
"+ *
1%
+, *
4 "* . & 6
"%
* ("
%.
12%
#..* & 4 & , 0 "*> 37 2 &" .
. +, * % 0+ *),
2&
%
4,
.
& 4 &
/ #
"+
2 # " 1
(.
1/3 .
. +,
%
0+ * "
$
$+
66
., ),
/ % &
0 &
""" %
& 18 + #0# "%
" 0
%" &
2 #&
" .
-"
*4, " /
> .
.0
. 2 #&
"
6 +,
0 +
1"+1
1
6 +, 1 0 . 7,, . ., 2 #&
"
" 0 . 7
" "
,
%*" .
#$
.
*4 #/& 0 +#$
+1. ! >
4"
6 +,
0 . 7,3 +, " 2010 2.
" + 10 .+ .
14
. & . %
" *4
+ "
0 &
"+
1 1"$ + "
15
+1
1
&
6 +,
0 && /
+ &
.
*+
%&
" 1986 2.
&
2004 2. "
+# " #0 + %
A 5263, . ">
6 +,3 #
0+
2
% 6
# #*
&
6 +,
0 . 7
+ &
.
+
0 &2
"
2
3&/
0 & +
.
& "%
. + 1
2
+, *
, 1"+1">
1 0 & %& +
. "
"
00
0 ., -.
,
%
. A 5263 &+1
#0 "+
1
& . *+
%&
&
6 1 0
00
0 ., -.
.! *
# #
2 #
0+
1
& , $ " & ,
*+ 0 &
" *
.+
. 0 "
+, " (
& +,> .#
>
3 2
+
"+ 1 1 "
.
6 +,0 && /
+
1.
>
0 "
+, "
&#, 0 "
" & .
, "1%
6 +1.
1.
2 5# 6
"
1,
*
+3$
+,
+ %
+ .
"% . 0 . 7
"% .
"
"
$+
"
. # 6
"
* . #2
.
& ,
. $ 1
"1%,
6 06
5# 6
"
1
&
0 $ *.
7 "
*. #
1. ,
@1 13 2
%&
0 0*
"
,
#
# .,
("
+#
0
4 &
& 6
5 .*
# +
) 0
%
, 1
& "
4.
/
. $ 3 , $
" 4 & 0 + .
4 &
#
%& &
2 0* + , 0 &
" ,
" 0+ 7
" 16
.
.
"
.
& 6
+ 2 "
+,
(
+ " . # 6 2
+ & "
+1 ;. ; &/ . 4.# 2+#,
«6 +, 0 2 ..
& –
% , $ + " # 6 +, #3 0 . 7,
# " +,
0 .
# 0 / "
1 – " " . /
"
+ –
17
0 .
..
. +,
2
4 0 &4 & "» . (
+ /
&
#/& . 2 /&
0 $ "
2
% 6 1 2
& 1 +,
$
% 973 " 5 - & +
1,
0 + /
*4 " /& . +,$
*, 1"+137 . 1
+
. + .
+, *. 0 & %& +
..
!
+,
, 0
1 1
>
%
6 +,
0 && /
0 $ "
&# 2
#
& 2
%
4 #7
"#37 4 " # 6
2 & 1>
& , "
3&/
*4
+
67
5 & ".
" 1$
,& 4 & "
& 0 4 &
1
0 $ " .*
+ 2 "*. 0
#0+
1.
5
* 0 "
+, " ,
0 1&
&
& 1
& 4 & "5 . #
1 % $ 0 && /%+ $ *4 3&/
*4
2
% 6 . + 2 & 1 " .#
# #"
3&/
2 5 &
0 +,% "
2
& " (4 1 4
0
#0+
1
0 $ "
1 "
" . %
$ 2 #&
" )
+ #
1 0 + .
.,
+,
&
1
1 0 ., -.
.
"
.
& .
8 .
"
# 6+ & "
+, ).
>
&
5 . +, *.
+ . 0 &
"+
1 0 . 7 ,
+,
*4
" /
" # + " 14 3&/
*4 2
$
,
, 2
$
18
0 +,% "
5 . +, *4
+ "0
0 & +
1 .
, & 1 +,
&
6 +,
0 && /
+ &
, 2 0
, 0
"
$
" $ ,
*
#/&* &
2
1 $
% . 2
%
5 . 0 & "+1 .
. 0 . 7 ,
$ . 0 %" +1
#& ,
# #
2
4 & ". $ +#
" *4
1 1:
4 &*
%
0
& $
0 . 7 (0 & % $ * &+1 #& "+ "
1
.*4
%
% *4
#7 4 0
#/& 37 4 1
2 /& ),
4 &*
. & 6
#3 0 . 7, ( 0+
+ $
1
"
+, 6 4, +
",
0 +,% "
1 . & 6
4 .
+ "
#.
" "
" . &+1 + 6,
4" $
*4
.
*
*+ " & . . & 6
2
4 "
1), 0 . 7,
" + & . ( 0+
0
% ", 0 6 +, *4
0
*4
& "
. & 6
2
#& "
1),
4 &* 0
#$
3 0 5 +, *.
"* . 0 "*>
3 % 1
,
4 &*
% "
("*0+
0 &
#/& 37 . 1
#&
.), 0 . 7, .,1. (0 & " +, "
1 0 . 7,,
%*" . 1 "
#
+ 2 % *4 0 %&
" #
.
. % .,
0 $
#2+ . 0 .), 0 . 7, " +#$
$ %"*$
*4
# 6
(% .+
1
,0 / ,
" &
0 .),
5
*
!
"#
6
+, 2
% "
1
.0
6 3
4 & " 0
0+
.#
0 $
3 #$
. ,
2
% 6 3
0+
*4
& " &+1 #$ 7 4 1 & .,
4 &* 0
0 $
3 / +, . . + .#7 4 2 /& .
" , 1
*4
0 "+
14 & 1 +,& . . #2
.
&
. $ 3 " $
" " /
& 1 +,
&
6 +,
0 && /
+ &
" 0
& 0
*"
1 # "+
(
% $
+,
#" + $
4 & "
0
* 0 #" + $
3 % 1
.
(
6
. . #2
.
& , " 2003 2.
+ 1,5%
& "
68
&
*+
0 +,% " *
2
& 0
*, " 0 "
0 + "
2004 2. – #/ 6%. "
* # $ 13 , $
$, &
5
"
*4 0 2 .. 0 5
+,
0 &2
" ,
&
4 . + . 0 &0 1 1.
+,
4 %1
"
*4
&
4 "
. 4 0
"
6 +,
0 && / "
+,
.
.
..
#1
2
&
4 & "
& ,
. #2
.
&
0 ># : « %
37
% $
&
*4
"
7 4
4 & 4
&
/
"%2+1&,
2+
.#
6 +, 1 0 && /
& +/
* ,
# + "+
#$ . " 0
%" & "
& 1 +,
.
&
"
+, ,
0 "
+, "
. # "
&
0 &$
" + ,, $
6 +, 1 0 && /
" 5 .
"1%
*4
. -+
# + " 1. 2
"
%&
0
,
/& " $
"
+
0 +#$
+1 0
"
. « $ , +3&
#& ,,
& " , . * #», – %+3 +
*
+ 2
$
"
",
"
"
*4 %
6 +, #3 0 +
#, &+1
*4 «0 "
& 19
4 &»
10
.#7
"
$#/&
6 06
» .
. 4 * >
# # *
4 & "
&
#7
"+1
1 5
"
%*" .*4
7 4 0
", "1%
*4 0 +#$
. 0 5
+,
0 &2
"
0 "*> . % 1
,
/ 0
", 0 +,%#37 4 1
6 +,
0 && /
"
+,
.
.
# #
0 "*4 "*& +13 1 0
*,
6 +
*
0 $
0
*+ ( %
0
*), 0
* 0 0 &
"+
3
6 +, *4 # +#2
2
"
* 0
*, "% .
0 $ " 37
0 && / " 37
+ % 6 3 & #2 & #2 .
.*.
#0 *.
0 "+
.
4 & " 0
5
"
7 4 0
"
1"+13 1 .
%
-0
*.
& . 0 && / " 3 1
0
*,
6 +
*
, $
* #& "+ "
,
7
" * 0
2 /& , 0
*" 37 4 " #/& ,
0
8 .
0 $ , 4
2 6 3 "
7
"
8
. # "
$
"
" *4 0
%" &
+
0 +#$
. #
$ " 2 & 4 & ;
0
* 0
%&
3 % 1
" 2
& 4 +
+ / "
3
"
"#37 2 0
& *. # + " 1.
+, 2 0
%" &" 0 &# 6
"
+,
.
.
*.
+ " . , 6 +,
%
-0
" – 0 && / , & +2 " .
* " &* & 1 +,,
*
0 $ +
* #/& 37 .# 1
& " &# +
6 +
.,
& "
#7
" "
3,
"0 + & "
–
0
*+,.
+ %# .* 0
* & +/ * 0
4 $
. 8 . $
. 4
.
" $ , .
*. # + " 1.,
. , 0
%" & "
#3
6 +
,,
, &
$
#-
69
& .
4
, 0
%" & .*
" * + # +#2 & +/ *
0 +,% " , 1 0
.
.
. *
.
+ % 6 3 0 &
2
& 0
""
$
& 2 #$
"*& +11
0 6
*
& " @ . 15 * . + .
.
8+ .
0
1/
0 "*4 &"#4 +
0 +,% "
1
&
0 2 >
0
%" &
1.
0 + &#37
>
, +
&
0 2 >
1
" *. & +1. .
% "
.
&
%
& 1 +,
&
. /
* , #" + $ .
0 . ,
&+1 0
", "1%
*4 0+ & " & " .,
"+1 11 + .
(
.
0 +#$
+1
0 +,% " ,
&
/ " " &$
0
#..
&
. /
* , #" + $
–
& 50 * . +
&+1 "6 " & " , & 150 * . +
– &+1 . + $20
2 / "
" & " .
"
0 + "
2000-4 2 & "
4 &*
0 && / #
%
-0
" #"
+ 0
++ +,
$ + .
. 4
0
" $ +
,3 4 #$
".
/
$ + 0 " " 2009 2. *+
.0
"
*.
.
@ . " 0 && / , 4 1
.% .
*.,
" 2008 2.
%& ,
+ &#
. , " " &#, $
2009 2.
+ 2 & .
%
&+1 #6
8
.
( ..
+.).
+ 6
4 ,
.
"' ( , 1%
) '
$%,
+
+ '' * % .%#" ,-+
" 2 + '' * % % , %'
$%, "" ,
0! , "%
.5 ( +
" , %
0! "" 6 ,
( # .+ )
',
2007
2008
2009
2 535
4 251
25 462 829
4 018
7 782
57 167 844
3 398
7 869
66 879 814
"+
0 : . . Basbakanlik Sosyal Yardimlasma ve Dayanisma
Genel Mudurlugu. 2010 Yili Faaliyet Raporu. Ankara, 2011, . 75.
7
&
" /
0
0 && /
+ &
+ .#7 4 2
/ . +1 0
+ &#
#0 .1 # ,
6
" # 6 . =
0 6
;; "., . +
+,
0
>
1
%"
.
&#
+,
& 1 +,
&
6 –
0 $
/ +, . . .
1 2
6 +,
% $ .
*4
14 4 & #
% ,
$ ">
1 " "
0 + "
0
* 4
,
6
" "+ % 6 ,
+,
+ "
% *
"+
70
(" 1950 2. " 2
& 4 0 / " + + >, $ "
,
+
1
*, " 1960 2. – #/
,, " 1985 2. – "*> 0 + " *, "
$ + ;;I ". – &"
). (
+, #
.0*
$ +
2
/
#7
"
0
/ +
.0*
# 6
0 .*>+
, . 2
* 5 .
" + 0
.#7
"
$
+
, . 2
+, * 2
&
+ ,
*
+ + , " *
%
"> 4 1 "
+ 4,
1"> 4 %
#/
*4 4 / .
." .
" #0 *4 # 6 4
2
& 4 " %
+
1 / + 7 1 0
+ . ,
# + "+
1
% $
+, *. $ + . 2 /& ,
*
+ "
+3
0
0
+
*4 / + 7 4.
! 2 $ +
,
"*4 2
&
4 . 2
+ " & + +
4 " /
8+
+,
+
+3
0
$ " &
&+1 0 +
"
"
0
,3 – 0
,3
" / +, .
"
0 +,% " , 8 #
6 +, #3 2 #00# " 0 + $
2
$ +
7 " 0
& 0
*"
1
0
# 0 ., -.
. % + (1983–1989 22.).
1984 2. *+
%& &.
6 1 0 & + . / + 7 2
+, "
7
"
2
6
"
1 0
&
.
.
"
.
5# 6
"4 & +
#7
"+
0 2 ..* 0 "
% 6
5
"
2 #&
"
*4 0
" " 5
0
%" &"
5
# # *
/ + 7 2
+, " . ) 0 & 1984 0 1987 22.
+ 950 * . # 6 4 2 /&
" 0 +,% " + , " %. /
,3 0 +#$ , / + 7 *
& *,
21
2 "
0 +#$ +
#0 &
"+1">
1
& . .
7
"
*
.0#+,
%"
3
0
"
+, " .
1990 2. *+ 0
1
>
%& +
&.
6
0 & + . / + 7 2
+, "
7
"
2
6
"
1
&"
& +, *4
2
– &.
6 30
& + . / + 7 2
+, " (Toplu Konut Bdaresi, TOKB)
&.
6 3
7
"
2
6
"
1. ( + "* " 2002 2. % $ .
, TOKB % .
" %
+ . ( + .
0
1+ 10
%+ $ *4 & #.
",
0 $ "> 4 TOKB
2
% 6
*
3 & $
0 + . $ 1 0 0
% "
3
+ &> 5
2
& "
*.
, "
0 1/
&.
6
%" %. %&
"
*+ 0
&
64,5 .+ . ". .
% .+ &+1
+ % 6
0 2 ..* / + 7 2
+, " .
TOKB *+ "*" &
%
" !
"
7
"
*4
0
+
0
&
" 0 &$
&.
6
0 ., -.
, $
0 $ +
+,>#3 "
. 3
"
&# &
" .
*" +
5
6
& 1 +,
71
TOKB 2 " 1
+ &#37
6 5 *.
$ + & 1 +,
&.
6
1984 2. 0 2009 2. *+ % " >
+
4 & + ,
"
&
+, " 433 * . &
6 / +,1, %
*4
22
+ >, 43 * . 0 >+ ,
17-+
0
& 1984 0 2001 2.
! /&#
& .
6 +,
0 && /
+ &
TOKB &
"# (
+
+, "
6 +, 2 / +,1,
"
2
&.
6 1 #7
"+1
+, "
" %. %&
" &+1 + 6, . 37 4 0 "
0 && / #
& . ' +, 0
+ –
0 $ ,
% "* / %
* 0 " / +,
& *4
#/& 37 4 1 2 /& , 0 &
" " .&
* $ + "
# + " 1 #7
" "
1.
$, &
0 $
4 &"#4 .
*.
"
. (1+1)
7
0+ 7 &,3 45 "...
7 1
.
,0
« 6 +,
/ +, » – 500 .+ . # 6 4 +
– 5
#
1
& .
6 +,
0 && /
+ &
. ( +#$
/ +,1
#+ "+
0 "
$ +, *. "%
., 0 &
"+
. % + 2
+ 0 #$
+, "
, 4 + 6. 0+
0
%" &
1
0 1/
20 + , 0 +#$
+, / +,1 & / 0
"*0+
0 +
#..*
.
0
1/
10 +
.
0 " 0
& " , / +0+ 7 &, "
"
, & #2 .# + 6# +
& " ,
"
&#. ) 0
& 2003 2. 0
$ + 2011 2. $ + 0 +#$ 23
.
+
6 +, 2 / +,1
" + 139 * . $ + "
) .
., $
& 1 +,
, TOKB
2
$ "
1 + >,
6 +, *. / +, . &+1
&
6 +,
0 && /
+ &
.
+
. 2 $ +
2 #00
2 +
" 1"+13 1
+ 6
*., 4 1
"*
. # " . & 4 & , 0 & +1 .*.
&
+
%
,
*
. 2# 0
/ +,
* $ *4 # + " 14.
% "
.
2
# " 1 + 2
1 1
0+ $ " 3
10 & 40%
. / +,1 "
$
" 0 "
$ +, 2 "%
, "
" .1
+, 1 #.. 0 2 >
1 " 0
&
84 & 240 . 16 ".
(
8 .
+, * 0 6
0 / + 7 .#
& #
1
#+ "*.. #.. & +2 + >,
#
1 "
"
"
# " .
5+16 ,
*
%. 1
1 # " .
&
6
%
0+ *
$ 4 2 #&
"
*4 0 &0 1
.
.
% ., $
1, $
& +1 "*0+
% 0
/ +,
1
%.
" & 4 & 4 & . 4 %1
" .
$
TOKB *+ % 1"+
195 * . 0 +#$ "> 4 / +,
2011 2. %
24
$ + + 6
& .
% .& 4 & . .
(
+,> .
%
%
" & "
6 +,
0 . 7 ,
" 1 4 $
,
0 "+
0 && / # . + .#7 4
72
+ . 2
+, *4 + ". ( .
3 # 6 4
+ & "
,
" "" &
(
"
+
6 +,
0 +
"
5 . 6
% «
#.
+ +
1 "+ 1 1
&
*» "
#.
,
0 $ " 37
# +
*
.0
. 2
+ " "+
1.
5
% .
2 #" + $
1
@ . " 0 . 7
. >
" 4"
.
%#+,
–
0 "
+, "
0 $ +
& / *
0 % 6
&
« " 2 » %
+1 2
%"
1 6
10
%#
0 &
3 2 0
& #2 4
% "> 4 1 «
0
*. »
4 2 #&
".
%#+,
. $
*4 %.
"
# #
4 & "
3&/
"
6
* 0 6
" # 6
% + 1 0
& "
$
.#
#,
5
* 8
. $
2
.
+ ,
#7 2 0
+,
2
0
" 0
&
3&/
*4 & 5 6
" 1990-4
"
6 .
4 1 "
. 4
&
. & + #& + , &
, 1 0 "*>
1
.*
"
25
+, #3
+,
6
16,5% " 2002 2. & 25,2% " 2007 2., % $
"0 6
4 5
"
1 2 +
0 & +/ 3
2
,
" >
$
. 2002 2. & 5 6 0 $ #
#7 4 0
6
0+
/ 2
+
. +
+
$ .
. * % $
1 –
+ 1,5 .+ &. & ++.
# +
0 "*> 1 ,
0
1/
2000-4 22.,
&
2 " 2008 2. 42 .+ &.
% "> , "
% . 2009 2., 0
2 . 2010 2.
0 "* + 0 &
%
* # 26
" ,, &
2 #" 49 .+ &. & ++.
0
0
"
. 7
6
"
#7
"+
" >4 % . " " + & %
"
"
.
$
*
. /
0 $ ,
">#3
# +,
"0 + &
" .1
# # #3 0
# # 6
8
.
–
0
4 &
"* # " , 8 0
"
2
%"
1, 6 +,
2
" 0
+3$
0
%" & "
+
"*
4 + 2 $
0 &# 6 .
+#$
# 0 4 . /
/ & ,
>
1 0
+ .*
7
1 & 5 6
0
$ #
#7 4
0
6 .
2009 2. & +1 "*
4 + 2 $ *4
"
" " 8 0
*" 37
0 .*>+
# 6
" +
" 2 3,5% 0
"
& 2 0
%
+1 &+1
" 19%
(2008). 7 " 2002 2. 8
0
%
+,
"+1+ 6,2%. ( "& ,
2009 2.
2 &0
0 "
" + * 2+
+, 2
%
" 1& +
" 6 + . /
$
, 1
0 %
" *.. &
& +1
"
"
&
4 + 2 $ 2 8 0
"*
+ % 8
/ 2 &*
27
47% & 65% . (+ * 0 2 ..* 8
. $
2
%"
1
# 6
" 0 + &
" .1
%.
" +3$ 3
2 $
#3
+
73
% & $# «
0 $
1 &" 2 " 0 +,%# 0
%" & " 0 &# 6
"*
&
"+
.
,3». #& , &
/
14 # 6
" &
+
0 %" +13 + &#37
0 . *. 28
1 1 2011 2. – & , "
-.
2 5+
# 6
– *+
. $
0#
.
" &# 5 2
«;
+ & ». =
0 "*
"
+,,
*
0
" +
# 6
0 6 + *
. "
#/
2 0 +
,3 0
%" &
# 6
0 .*>+
,3 "
. 4
+ %# . 2
2004 2. 0
6
+, 2
+
1 (Milli Gemi
Projesi, MBLGEM). ( % 1"+
3 # 6 2 0 ., -.
. .= & 2
, «0
%" &1 0 "*
6
+, *
"
+,,
# 6 1 " >+ " $ + 10 .
"*4 & / ",
#7
"+137 4
0
"
+, "
2
& "
4
».
= & 2
/
+" .
,$ # " ,
. 0 $
1 # 6
0 "
#/
3
"
.#
7
3
2 & 1>
& ,
"+1 50%. (
8 .
@ .8 0
# 6
0 &
*.
,1. 0 "*>
1 .+ &. & ++. ) 0
&
2004 2. # 6 1 " 1&#
,
#7
"+137 4
+,>
@ . .0
"
#/
1, 6- 0 % 6
0#
+ ,
14-3,
0 8 0
# 0 &# 6
"
2
% $
1 0 & 1+ , " . " .
2
2721-3 0 % 6 3. ( ., -.
/
@1" + 0 +
2
"
%* &+1
$ + 0
%" & "
# 6 2
« +
»
$ +
0*
# 6 2
0 +
2
. +
«
» ( 0
" > , 0 + *
"*
10 * . .
",
" 1 , " " %&#4 24 $
), % " >
0
"
1
# 6 2
"
2
"
+
«
». « 2023 2. –
+
.# 3 + 3
0# +
– .* & 2 .0 " 7
1 # 6
"
#, 0
%" &17#3 8 0 #37#3 "
"
" , 0#> ,
, "
+ *,
. + *,
28
0 +
», –
%3.
" + . .= & 2 .
« 4 + 2 $
» $
+3
= & 2
>+
" / * " 0
6
+,
2 &
,
0
%" & "
"
2
# 6 2
" .
+1 0
%#
0 &
3
&
+
. ( &
0 / +
0 ., -.
"*
% + "
$ + 2011 2. " " . "* #0+
40-. %
&
+, 2
"
3%
# 6 4 0 &0
.
+
%
.
",
@ & 137 2
+
#0 *4 0 &
"
+
6
+, 2
%
.
6#
1 1
3% 0
%" &
+
" .
+,
0 &# 6
%
+ 0 &+ / +
.
.
# , 0 .*>+
4 + 2
. = 23
& + & " %. /
+ % 6
&
2 0
.
74
. 0 % " + ,, $
# 6 1, 2&
" .
+
#7 #/ 40 +
0
%" &1 1 (
3 c1) " 0
"
*.
.0
1. 13 . & +
+ 2 "*4 " .
+ ,
$ %
10
%" & "
%*, " + 5
6
$
+*
+ $ 1 " 0 . 2
+, *4 0
%" & " 0
+ & , "*0#
"
2
" .
+1. (
+ %
+, 1
.
, . & + ,
$
&
+
, 6
" + , " 20 * . # 6 4 +
(
+,
+,> 10 * . & ++.),
#..
*
4 & .*
"
6 , " +3$ 1
+ . *
.
2 "*
4 &* – " 3,4 .+ &. " .
" +#$
0 && /
2 #&
"
0
0 &
"+
"
"#37 4
+,2
"
6
1
.
,0
. /
% , 1
/ .
. $ + , " & + & , 0
%" & " "
@ . 200 * .
29
> # . /
+ & , #/ $
% 48 . 16 " .
/
0 &0 *+
# 0 4
# +,
&+1
# 6
# #
0
8
.
1"+1
1
#7
# " ,
% "
+,
0 &2
"
+
1
*.
, # " ,
4"
% "*.
& .
% "
.(
& .
% "
.
0 "
#0
) 0 "* + 1 32% " 1998–1999 #$
. 2 &# &
48% " 2009–2010 2., # " , 4"
& .
% "
.
"
#0
"*
25% & 36% (6 + " 1 #
"
0 &
.# 0
%
+3
"+1
85% – . .). ) .
*
0 + /
+, *
&" 2
"
. "* > 2
% "
1: # " , 4"
0 "* + 1 9% " 1998–1999 #$
. 2 &# & 36%
30
" ." + & "
0 $
0 + /
+, *4
" 2009–2010 2.
& 6
" 5
% "
+,
0 &2
"
+
1
# 6
2 &
,3 2 "
0 "17 1 0
1.
0 2 ..
5 .
"
2 0
2 . "*
" 2011 2. 0 "
+, "
(
. $ + ,, $ % 0
& 2002 0 2011 22. "
*+
0
163 * .
"*4 > +, "0 "* "
0# +
$ + 1 0
4 &
0+
.#
0 $
3 #$
. #$ 7 4 1
$ +, *4
& 4 > +,
+ $
" # "
"
"*
+
76 & 165, 4 3&/ #" + $ + 1 " 01 , %,
" "
31
" 2011 2. 11,5 .+ &. # 6 4 +
(
+ 8 .+ &. & ++. – . .) .
.
.
0
# 6 1,
+,>
"
#7 .
*
. , 0 -0 / .# " % $
+,
.
% "
0
«.
"*4 &
2»
"
"
3 "
8 . #.
+,>#3, " . $ +
+ % #37#3,
+, "
%" # 6
" 0 &
%
* 0
& 2 +
%
" %
>
0 1.*
*
"
6 : " 2007 2. # 6
#& + ,
0 "+ $, "*> 22 .+ &. (.
. +, * 0
%
+,).
0 "#
75
32
" 2010 2. 4
@ .
" 1+ 1 " 2 9 .+ &.
1, 0
2 . 2011 2. 4
@ .
" 12 .+ &. & ++.
+, . / 0
6
+,
8
.
"
" > 4
$
45
"
1 #& "+ " 13 1 %
$
&
", 0 "+
.*4 $
*. 5 . . , % 1 *. 0
%" & " .
"
"
# +#2.
2003 2. 8
0
%
+, *+ 4,7
33
.+ &. & ++., " 2008 2. &
2 " 2 0
" 33,8 .+ &. & ++.
>
& +2
* "*
144 .+ &. & ++. " 2003 2. &
290 .+ &. " 2010 2., 4 1 2
>
(
% + , 47
34
& 39%.
,&
2 #" .
8
. $
+,
0 $ "
5
& " +,
#
$ "*
, 0 "
+, "
(
#. +
> ,
"
0
+ .* # 6
8
. – 0
& + , % "
.
, 0 6
8
. $
2
%" 1
" > 4
$
" 5
"
1.
+
2 , %
" .1 0 "+
1 (
8
% "
.
, % .
# + + ,.
" 1
" 6 1 " 5
8
. $
0 +
% +3$ 1 " 0
. 7
5
"
+
"
,
% $ , "1%
*4
8 .
" % 5 * 2 #&
"
*4
5
" "
+, *
# 6
8
.
. 2
$ "
"
4 &* ". >
+, " " 0
%" & " , 0 "
+, "
% # 0 4
&
$ + ,
>
6 +, *4 0 + .
&
> 4 + " – &
%
+
" *4 $
" 2 8+
.
" *. # @
., #7
"+137 . 0
%" & "
#3
& 1 +,
,
0 +,%#37 . " >
% .* &+1
5
"
1,
"1 1 # 6
$
*
.0
.
8
# 6
$ %"*$
" /
" 0
4 5
"
#
$ " $
%
1 &
#0
"*4 % . ",
0 2 >
1
*4.
+,
%"
# 6
8
.
% + ," /
0 &0 *+
&+1 #" + $
1 0
" > 2 5
"
1 $
%
+,
0 1.*
*
"
6 .
/ " .1 "*
.
1# " ,
&
% "
.
, $
0
/&
#"
, " 8
. $
. #&#7 .
*,
" # + " 14 "
" + *
2+
+, 2
%
.
+
/ &
1
%
%. 0
07.07.2008.
'
/
"
76
//
,
2
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2008. nkara, 2009, . 169–170.
Guven ve *stikrar i inde durmak yok yola devam ((
!
(
). Ankara, Haziran 2007, . 47, 31 //
www.akparti.org.tr.; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2010. nkara, 2011, . 144.
4
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2010, . 144.
5
Ibid.
6
Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Forecast. Turkey. London, April
2011, . 1. / www.eiu.com
7
Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Forecast. Turkey. April 2011, . 1;
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2010, . 144.
8
61. Hükümet Programı (( #
61-#
$
! ). Ankara, 2011, . 17.
9
Ibid., . 18.
10
Ibid, . 16, 45.
11
., UCCET. Economic Report 1997. Ankara, 1998, . 68; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2003. Ankara, 2004, . 78; UCCET. Economic Report 2004,
Ankara, 2005, . 79; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2005. Ankara, 2006, . 78;
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2007. Ankara, 2008, . 83; TOBB. Ekonomik
Rapor 2009. Ankara, 2010, . 77; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2011., . 88.
12
TUIK. *statistik gostergeler 1923–2008. Ankara, 2009, . 746.
13
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2005. Ankara, . 84; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor
2009. Ankara, 2010, . 82; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2010, . 92.
14
61. Hükümet Programı. Ankara,2011, . 45.
15
;
– ;
!
$
'
'
(Sosyal Yardımla8ma ve Dayanı8mayı
Te8vik Fonu).
16
Bugra A., Keyder C. Povetry and Social Policy in Contemporary Turkey.
Bogazici Universitesi Social Policy Forum. Janiary 2005, . 30 //
http://www.spf.boun.edu.tr/docs/WP-Bugra-Keyder.pdf
17
Hacımahmuto7lu H. Türkiyedeki Sosyal Yardım Sisteminin De7erlendirilmesi.
DPT-Uzmanlik Tezleri. Ankara, DPT, 2009, . 126.
18
Development Party and the Thorny Path to Democratic Consolidation in
Turkey. Revised Draft-December 2008. Istanbul, 2008, . 23 //
http://home.ku.edu.tr/~zonis/m_politics.pdf
19
Bugra A., Keyder C. Povetry and Social Policy in Contemporary Turkey..,
. 30.
20
. . Basbakanlik Sosyal Yardimlasma ve Daynisma Genel Mudurlugu.
2010 Yili Faaliyet Raporu. Ankara, Strateji Geli8tirme Müdürlü7ü. Mali
Hizmetler Birimi, 2011, . 72.
3
77
21
Building Turkey’s Future. TOKI Corporate Profile 2008/2009. Ankara,
Republic of Turkey. Prime Ministry Housing Development Administration
of Turkey, 2009, . 9 //
http://www.toki.gov.tr/docs/yayinlar/TOKI_book_sec_en.pdf
22
Ibid.
23
Gelecegin Turkiye’sini Insa Ediyoruz. TOKI Kurum Profili 2010–2011.
Ankara, T.C.Basbakanlik. Toplu Konut Idaresi Baskanligi, 2011, . 22 //
http://www.toki.gov.tr/docs/yayinlar/TOKI'
11TRK.pdf
24
Ibid.
25
TUIK. *statistik gostergeler 1923–2008. Ankara, 2009, . 746; TOBB.
Ekonomik Rapor 2008. Ankara, 2009, . 34.
26
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2003. Ankara, 2004, . 109; TOBB. Ekonomik
Rapor 2010, . 145.
27
DPT. Docuzuncu Kalkınma Planı (2007–2013). 2011 Annual Program.
Ankara, 2010, . 164.
28
Milliyet, 28.09.2011.
29
Hürriyet, 29.09.2011; Sabah, 30.09.2011.
30
Republic of Turkey. Pre-Accession Economic Programme (2011–2013).
Ankara, 2011, . 164.
31
61. Hükümet Programı, . 37–38.
32
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2009, . 109; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2010, . 118.
33
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2009, . 107.
34
TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2009, . 136; TOBB. Ekonomik Rapor 2010, . 145.
78
. .
(
(
9; (
9
(
!
)9
'
)
9!
#
(9
<
!
"+
"*4 2 #&
", " %
> 4 0 +
0 &
,0 " .
0 " /& + , 8
. $
+
+ % 6
– + . . #7
" " "> 2 6
+ % "
2 4 %1 "
2 . 4
%. ,
"
2
2
"
&.
" *4 (&
" *4) 5 . 4 #0 "+
1. (
" &
* $ #3,
#
#3
"#
+
4 & .*. # + " .0
& +
1
855
"
&
" " ">
"
"
.
3% "
$
& 1 +
8
. $
.*
%
$
0 &
"+
1 "
&* $
6
"
0 &0 .
+, "#,
>
1 " +3$
" .
"
4 %1
"
& 0 6
2
"
1..
0 & "+137 .
+,>
" 0
"
4 2 #&
"
"% "
.
@
" *4
# @
" *4 5
",
*4 # + "
8
0 6
0
0 % .#
0
& +
% " >
1.
#/
0 ,
+ 6
%+ $ 1 "
%#+,
4, &
2 # *4
"*. 2 #&
" . %
>
2 &*:
.0 4
(
2
& &#> "*4 0
%
+14,
# # *4 %.
14 " 8
.
, " . >
4
4
" +3$
" .
"
4 %1
" , "
1
6 +,
5 *, # "
$
" / % .
%"
% 0*
%" *4
%" " 37 4 1
,
5 .
"
3 * $ *4 8
. ,
0 " + , 0 &>
"#&
$
&+
+, * 0 &2
"
+, * 0
&.
=
4
> " &
0 .
# 6 , 2&
7 & 0
11 . . 0
.
24 1 " 1 1980 2.,
* 0 + / +
$ +
%&
3 0 " "
%* &+1 0
" & %
*
8
8
. $
.*
* #3, * $ #3
"#,
*+ #/ &
$
0 &2
"+ * 0 &0 *+ &+1 0 &
5 . 6 .
79
0 "*4 +
0# +
# 6
2 #&
" 0 " & +
#
"*
2
0
+
0 && / #
6
+, 2 $
2 0 &0
.
+, " . 60–
70- 2 &* ;; ". 2
%"
&
2+
2 # " 1,
2&
$ + , 5 .
"
. 2
+ "*4 4 +& 2 ".
*
% 1+ 0 $
0 + /
"
"
. , " + 2
0 .*>+
,
2 " 1 #/
2 "+ ,
+,
. 4 %1
"
5
# +#2, "
*4 $
0 &0
.
+, "
% $ +,
& .
" + . .
" 8 4
+14 0
4 & +
0+
0
+ ",
* 0 +#/ +
" *.
$
. 0
0
2
$
*4
"
6
" 0 .*>+
,
& #2
" .
*
+ 4 %1
" .
"
0 + "
;; ".
>
" # 6
8
.
0 % 6
2 #&
"
2
$
2
" #/ 4
% " +
. >
#3.
/ " .1 2 #&
" ,
" 0 &*&#7
& 1 +
1
0
& "
" .
& " .
+ . " +
0 &0
.
+, #3 & 1 +,
,,
0 "+
#3
0 & +
8
. $
2
"
1
% "
.
, 5 . "
"
6
+,
8
.
,
&#
+ % 6 3
. &
% 6 3,
" + , .
0 +
. " 6 + . 1&
+
0
%" & "
+#/ "
1.
4 $ + "4 & + & *" 37 1 0 .*>+
,, $
1
6"
1 .
++# 2 1,
0
, "1%,, 8
2
. 2
& #2
5
# # *
@
*.
!
0 + 1 2 #&
" " +3$ "*4
+14 4 %1
"
$
+ ,
2 8
. $
.
2#+
"
.,
/
. " 5
4 " > 8
. $
"
& 1 +,
, 6
% "
1;
4
1+ , 2
$
1
0
#0+
& 1 +,
, "
2 $ 2
0
+ . &
. 2
. *, 0 /& "" & "> 1 &+1 % 7 *
6
+, 2 0 &0
.
+, "
" >
#
6 ,
%&
1
0+ $ *4 # + "
&+1
2
"+
1
,
0 ,
"*" + $
#3
6
"#, 2
$ " + " %. /
$
*4
.0
&+1
"*4 &
.
"*
*
,
>
1 0
%" & "
*4
"1%
% # / *.
%
.,
0 +,% "
1
" > 4
% # / *4
4 $
4 &
/
, $ , "
$ . $ ,
" + ,
. % .
7 2 0
#0
+, 2
%" 1
*.
80
" *
0 "+
1
$
" 80- 2 &* +
+ % * 1 # 6
8
.
" +3$ + :
*"
0
%" & "
& 1 +,
2 #&
"
$
0
.#7
"
0
+ ?. .
+1.
5
# # *;
-0 " &
0 "
% 6
2 #&
"
*4 0 &0 1
& 0# $
2
#$
3" " 4
" *4 8
. $
4
6 +, *4 5
4 0
4;
- 2
$
2 #&
"
2 ". >
+, "
2#+
" 1 " 8
.
, " 0 "#3 $
&, " 5
" > 4 8
. $
4 "1% . ) 2 #&
" . *+
"+
"*0 + 0
0 & +
+, *4 5# 6
& " .
3&/
+ 2 "
0 +
#7
"+
7 2 #&
"
2
&
" 2 0+
"
1 "
"
"
0
1
2
%"
1. ( + & 11 0 &# .
" + 0 " & .0+
*4 .
&+1
.#+
"
1 "+ /
$
*4
"
6
" 0
*
+ ,
/ . * 0 0 && /
. + 2
& 2
%
,
1
2
$
0
#0+
"
# 0 1.*4
*4
"
6 .
6
- "
2
.
.
,
.
1
+ $
@
" *4 0 &0 *+ &+1 0
" &
# 6
8
.
* $ *
"*,
& "+
%
5
"
0 && /
!
& #2 4
. /&#
& *4
2
% 6
& +, *4
, 8
0 6
0
+
+ %
" .
. ( " &
*4
5 .
0
% "
1 #+ ,
+
$ .
& 1 +
, $
" %"
0
0 %" + +
% / ,
>
"
0 .
$ +, . 8 0
&
#7
"+1+ , .
& . 0
>
, 0
1
. % + ,
(
0 + #
"+
1"
1
1980 2. "
2
/ . )
&
" + ,.
+,> 1
0
" &
" 1 * $ *. 0
% "
1. *+ "1%
0 &2 "
0 "
% 6
2 #&
"
*4 0 &0 1
,
*
" $
. 2 4 + "*0 + 1+
+, 8
. $
,
6 +, * 5# 6 . 4
%2 #&
"+
%
2 " +
*
"+ 1 +,
3
2
,
>
4
+ "
+
1, #&, *
2
+
$
*+
.
"1% *.
.
1
0 +#$
# 6
"
$ +
#7 2 "
. /&#
&
0 %
"
$
"
*
* $
8 .
, 0 "
% 6 1
2 . 2 2 #&
"
2 4 %1 -
81
" "
7
1&
6
% " >
; 0 & +/
1
#
& +, *4
# ",
" $ 37 4 * $ *.
"
1..
.
.
# + 1, %
$
*
0
" & # 6
8
.
* $ #3 . & +, –
%
2 #&
"
.
0 + ,
0 7
$
2
,
1
2
$
0
#0+
$
*4
*4
"
6 , 0 " 7
6
+, 2 4 %1
" "
* #3
.#
.&., –
0
+ "
0+ &*.
>
2 &*,
"0 " .& 1 +
#7 2 "
,
+3&
1 % .
0 "*>
855
"
#
$ "
# 6
8
.
, 0
0 + +
5
"
% "
.
.
"* " %. /,
*">
10
& # 6 .$
*.
., ".
. 0
#0+
1
*4
"
6
0
" " +
" &
3"8
. #0
& "*4 4 $
4
& "
4 + 2 , %&
3
"*4 " #
4 " > 4
$
"
0+
1 8
. $
2
. # 6 1 " 0 + &
& 1 +
1
. 2+ #
0 , "
0 % 6
" .
" . 4 %1
" , 0 "*
,
$
"
#
0
, " 4 "
" # +#2.
/ " .1 0 6
+
+ % 6
# 6
8
.
. + #7
"
*
& +
& % $ *
6 +, 8
. $
0 + & " 1,
% ">
"+ 1
0 +
$ #3 / % ,
&
. # # 6 2
7
" .
#
" >
# + " 1, + &*" 37
1 0
5
"
. 0
" & 8
.
+3
*
* $ #3
"#,
0 " + ,
0 " /& 3 1,
$ +,
& ,
/
. # " 1 / %
% $
+,
$
+
1, #2+# +
.
.#7
"
7
"
-0 +
$
0 +1 % 6 .
# 6
8
0 6
%& + 0 $"# &+1 / "+
1
" % 6
0
+ .
4
+,
* 5
$
" %2+ " + 0
*
1"
.
4" +
+,> 0 0#+1
0 +
$
2 # 0 4 &
+ , (
1 0 " &+ "
%"
1 (( ),
1
1&# 0 " /
,3 #.
.# + .# 4
1 0 &
,
& 6
.# . +
.# # #
" 0 % 6 3 # 6 .
0 4 & . (
"+
* $ *
0
% "
1, " . $ + 0 "
% 6 1,
+
" 2 "*%*" "> 1 0
*
/ # 6
3
0 5 3% ", % .
0 &" #+ ,.
. 2 .8
*+ "1%
0 &2
"
*
" #0+
3 " 0 + * $+ * "
3%
0 " &
. 0 +
0 2 .
% 6
# 6 4 0 " "*4
8
. $
4
# "
# .
7
" .
82
" .
*. , 0 & +,
2
$
*. " %. /
1.
&+1 0
" &
" 4 8
.
* $ *
+, *
0 + 2 +
"* 2 #&
" ,
% " ">
1 "
%#+,
0 &
"
2
3% .
,3 * $ *4
5 ., 0 2 ..
*4 *+
%
" &#7 .
. 8
.
.
7
# ,
+ % 6 1
$
" # + " 14 0 +#$
1
% "
.
0
& "
0 +
0 &
, *+
,$
0 " & + , 0
0 + .
#
"
4 & .*4 &+1 8 2
# + "
– . + 1 + >,
+
+, * ,
%&
*
#& . 0 +
0
&+ / ">
2 #&
"# 4 %1
"
*
.0+
+#/ " ">
2 0
+,
* " "
& 1+,
# " & " " + 1 &
" *. # %
1. 6
"
"
"
0
1 *. #
" . 0 + 8
.
6 + %. .
"
0
& $
0 &0
.
+, "
+,
#
" " + ,
*+
%# .*.. 2
$
*
4
. + & /
"
,
+ $
.#7
" .
0
+ . 0
" & 8
.
* $ #3
"# *+
#7
"
+ /
,
*
7 0 %
,
., $
«" 0
0 . % 6
4 %1
"
*4
5 ., $
&
" 0
% "
*+ & /
0
"+ ,
5 . 4 %1
"
2 . 4
%. 0
+
4
+,
0 "
% 6
" +,
&
2#+11
+ & "
8 2
5 . ,
1,
% + , *,
6 » .
«& +/
*+
+ 2$ , "*4 & 8
.
%
%
, 0 "
+ , " . 7 *
. %
%"
1.
.
" 1 0 " % 6 1
%# / 0
1+ 5 .# «0 4"
% 6 », . . & 2
2 2
/
&
"
» .
/
1 " ",
% "
*4 0
"
4 2 #&
"
/ 2
" %
'
+,
%
3
1%*$ *.
+
.,
,
%"
,
% + , 0 & 0
$
8
$
+ %
. # 6 ,
1 &
%0 "*4 0 % +
4
% "
.
,, #$ & +
. "
0 &
" +, " ,
2
% " + 0
"
2#.
0 . 7 ,
+
+ / " ,
.
2 "+3
& #2
4 %1
"
*
"1% ,
$ *" 1 " #&#7 .
4 0 +
$
@ &
0 &
"
82 & .
# # 6
*+ " +3$ *:
/ .
"% – %
&/
#% 1, " '
+,
%
–
% 4
,
* 2*%
,
&/
, # .
%
. (
0 " &
* $ *4 0
% "
+,>
" 8 4
,
$ +, . 8 0 ,
" + ,
« # 6 #3
83
0 +,% "
. # 6 2
0* , 5
"
0 . 7 .
"
"
"$ + % & $
%&
2 "1 "
1992 2.
# 6 2
2
" 0
#& $
"#
%"
3 ( B ),
2+
3-.# 0
2 5# 2 #
" "4 & + «
%
&
" 1"0
&0
4 &
"
&
* $
8
.
». /
"
B
%
+
0 6 +, #3 0 2 ..# 0
%
3
&
" 1
0 . 7 " ",
% "
*. 3
1%*$ *. 2 #&
" . 0
0 &2
"
* $ *4
5 .
0 " &
1
#6
+, *4
5
# # *4 0
% "
&+1
5 .
"
1 8
. $
0 " "
&*,
" $ 37
"
1. 0
" & 4 %1
"
* $ #3
"# " +3$
1".
4 %1
"
#3
.#.
( &2
"
5 . .,
1 *+
$
"
+,> "
2
/ 2
" %
'
+,
%
#/
"0 "
0 + "
90-4 2 & ", " + , #
*.
.0 . ,
"
. $ + &+1
%&
1
4 & .*4 0 " "*4 # + "
&+1
+ / "
1 &"#
4
2 " -8
. $
4 "1%
+ 2 0 1
2
/ . &+1 0
#0+
1 " 4 8
. *4
"
6
% # 6
& #2 4
, %
"
*4 " *
4
0 +#$
&
#0
%
0
& *4
#
"
"*4 2 #&
". ( 2 ..
TBKA
0 &# .
" + ,:
-0 " &
0 "
% 6
+
2
% 6 2 0 &0 1
;
0
$
2 0 &0
.
+, "
"
5 *
8
.
, " +3$ 1 8
2
#,
2 "+3, "
6
8 + 2 3;
- 0 "*>
855
"
#0 "+
1 2 #&
"
*.
$
*. 0 &0 1 1. ;
-0
% "
&
"
.*;
- &
"
%&
3 . +*4
& 4 0 &0 1
;
- 0 "+ $
$
" " .
*4 %
4 + 2 ;
2
% 6 1
& .
$
"
.* .
2
#0 "+
1;
2
% 6 1
#$
1 &+1 0 &2
"
0
0 &2
"
. 3
*4 & ", 0 "*>
1 4 " + 5
6
.
. & +,»
4 $
*0
".
"0 "
% ,
*+ 0
&
+
&
0 2 ..*
" + % $
+, *4
%
+,>
"
2
,0
/ "> 4
0 + "
1990-4 22.
> 5
" -8
. $
*+ 0#
, 5
"* " %. /
# 6
/
& +,
2
$ *, 2+ " *.
$
.
5
-
84
"
1
+
& *, 0
#0 "> ,
0 " + ,
+,2
*4
# + " 14
!
,
.
2
& #2 4 . /&#
& *4
5
"*4
2
% 6
) 0 & 2
2 .
, "
*
3
1%*$ * 2 #&
" 0
&
"
# 6
" #0 + #/ " 0 "
0 + "
1990-4 22.
4 &1 % 0 " &
*4 "*>
7 4 0 2 .. *4 #
" , B
%
*" +
* 0
*,
2+
"
*
.
*. # " & " .
0 "+
*
>
1
4 +
*4 4 %1
"
*4 % & $ & +, *4
0# + .
+ % 6
40
"
1&# .
*. 0 &0 1 1. #$
" " +
2 #&
"
*
2
% 6
$
* 0 &0 1 1 # 6 .
+1 0 &2
"
0 " &
1 * $ *4
5 . "
.
" .*4
4 0 "+
+ , # 6
8 0
*
0 6 +
*,
" $
, " +
*,
0 "+
* " 90- 2 &* % # 6
0
&
"
,
/ 0 6 +
* %! ,
.
2
,
"
3% .
#7
"+
. $
*4 * $ *4 0
% "
,
0 $
40 + & "
+,
"% . "1%
*+
1 & . % # + "
"*& +
1 # %
*.
# #.
.
&
"
#
& .
/ " 1990- 22. 0
% "
3
5 .
"
3 *+
"
+
0
(" % "
.
0 + /
1 " /&
"
% *
) 0 &" 2 # * "
" * 4 %1
" *
# *. ( " .
*+
$ * 0 "
% 6 1 2 , 0 " &
2
*4 0
% "
,
5 .
" + 2 "
&
"
.,
4 "
1
&
% 6 , " >
2 " 2
" +3
2
/ . ", #0 1& $
*
. /
& #2 4 8
. $
4
# # .
*+
%& * 5 & "*
/ , 0
% " *
"
*
/ , 5 .
" *
+ "*
@ &
1 $
2
,#
0+
$
1 +#/ .
# 6 10
. +
0
& "
"
#$
" 8 4
" "" &
14 0
% "
14,
/ " +3$ + ,
"
5
# #
+, " , " 0 "#3 $
&, 0
%&
3
. &
% 6
"
2
..#
6
0
.*,
0 &
&
3 % 0 & *. . /&#
&*.
0
*.
&
..
&
%
+
" / *4 #$
" * $ *4 0
% "
" 0
"
4 3
1%*$ *4
4,
.
"
>
2 &* " #7
"
0
*+
&
$
& 1 +,
, TBKA, "1%
0 "*>
*. " .
. " 0
-
85
4 & * 0
&
$ + " $
.# 5
# –
4 & .
,3
0 &2
"
0
0 &2
"
4 %1
"
*4 #0 "+ $
4
& " &+1
* "
"*4 # + " 14. +1
2
% 6
5 "
1 0 6 +,
%
*4
% "
+, *4
0 2 .. *+ .
+ % " *
"
*
# * 0 0 & "
+,
+* # 6 ,
0 6 +
*
& " ,
0 "+
.*
%-%
# / . $
* % 1 1 0
0 6 +,
%
*. 0 2 .. . &+1
#$
1
0 "*>
1 " + 5
6
" " &# 1 " #$
*4 % " &
14
+,
# 6 ,
3
1%*$ *4
0# + .
%"
,0
"
"+
. *+ 0 " .
+ " &
"
2 .
,, &
2 # "*
# " ,
7
0 6 +,
% "
+,
0 &2
" .
5
" -8
. $
5
8 0 &2
" " + ,"
"
"
"
1.
#&#7
* " 2 #&
"
*4 #$ /& 14
0 &0 1 14. (
$
#
" " + 0
+
+
1, 0 5
+,
0 &2
"+
*
" *$ *4 # + " 14,
8
*+ " # 6
0
& 0
1
. 0 .
24 1 " 1 1980 2 & .
. " 0
4 &
* # *+
%
"
.# " .
#/
5 .
" ">
1 $
*
,
. 2
8
.
*
$
"
"*
2
2
0 +#$ +
% "
" % 0 & *4 # "
4,
2&
+, * #/
#& $
., # " " + %
1 % 4 * $
8
.
, 8
. $
. +
+ %. , 2
0
.#7
" 4
&
4.
"
0
& 4 %1
"
*. 5
"*.
& .
"*4 2 #&
"–
. 3&/
&
"
5 , " >
2 "*4 0 $ 4 8
. $
4
# #
2
% 6
"0 6
#$ * 0 " " + ,
$
> 0
+ %.#
* #,
# /# % *.
1..
*+
#0 "+ 6 ", 0
*4 0
" , 8
. #
5# 6
"
" * $ *4 # + " 14.
)
%
0 . 7 "
>
& "*4 % & $ 0
" . 3
1%*$ *. 2 #&
" .
%# / 0 +
1
.
% "
.
"%1+ , # 6 1,
0 +,%#1 &+1 8 2 " %. /
"
, #/ &
$
%"
.*
4
% "
1
& " +,
>
0 +,%#1 , " %. /
1. % #/
0 && / . =
& 1 +,
, *+
2
% "
>
%"
#
# + 1. TBKA, # 6 4 # "
"
& #2 4
# # "
% *4 5 . 4
" & 4 ( # *,
.
*,
#+, 6
.&.). 0 6 +,
%
* #$
* 0 -
86
2
..* *+ 0 & % $ * &+1 0 &2
"
0 "*>
1
" + 5
6
+,
& 0+ .
"
.
4 $
",
>
2
#2 2 #&
"
*4 +#/ 7 4 8
. $
5
"
5 *, " +3$ 1 &.
"
#0 "+ 6 "
"* > 2 # " 1,
/ 0 &
"
+
.
2
%
$
37 4 0 &0
.
+ ,
"
"*4
+
0
%" & ", "
" . 0
+#/ "
3
" .
*4
4$
4
& "
0 +,% "
3
"*4 4 + 2 .
/ " 0 "
0 + "
1990-4 22. 8
6 +,3 *+
%& * 0
5
"
0 . 7 % 0 & *4 5 & " 0 6 + % "
*
% "
+, * 6
*.
. #+ – '
0 0 && /
$
2 0 &0
.
+, " , "
–
+ 2 "* '
,"
>
–
"
'
.( 0 & "
"
4 " + , # 6 .
% 0 & *.
0 6 +
. . ( &2 "
& " &+1 0
"
4 2 #&
" % 1+ ,
/
# 6
.
* # "
*, " $
,
%&
*
.
#$
. # 6 .
%
#$
0 &2
" # " 8 4 6 4,
/ " & #2 4 #$
*4 % " &
14 0 >+
* 1$ #0 "+ 6 ", +#/ 7 4, 0 &0
.
+
0 6 +
"
% *4 0 6 +,
%
/ 2
" % , ' +,
% ,
+
4 2 #&
". 0 + &
2 &* "
#$
* 0 2 ..* # 6 1 " & 1
" & #2 , 2+ " *.
% . .# #+,.
*.
0 " + , " 3 0
"
+, #3 & 1 +,
,"
+
% "
1" 3
1%*$ *4
& #2 4 % # / *4
4 # 6 1
$
0 0 2 &
" 4 &
/
#0 $
. " 2 "+ 1 1, " &
.
3
- + .
& + 2 .
.
.
0 +,% "
% "
+, *4 0 2 ..
&+1 5 .
"
1
" 2 8
. $
2 .*>+
1
/ ,
%#$
.
+ %
*4 5 . .
& " * $ *4
0
% "
,
0 %" + +
+,>
"# 0
"
4 3 1%*$ *4 2 #&
" " # + " 14 4 7
+
, # #2# + 4 %1
"
% #4
0 +
0 &
, % / ,
1/ +*4
6 +, -8
. $
4 0 + & "
5 . 6 .
; 1
*. %
4 #$
# 6 2
0*
" 0 & +
.
0 . 2 #
$, 1
.
$
, *+ #$ * 0 + & " 1 2 0
5+16 , " # + " 14
0
4 & + 8
. $
%"
# 6
" 0 "* & 1 +
1
* $ *4
5 .,
/ ">
2 4 &
. ">
/ + +, *
6 +, -0 +
$
%#+,
*.
.
2 "
"+ 1
8
. $
# 6
&+
+,
87
"
$
.1
%*" +
6 1
0 "+ $
" 8
. #
*4
*4
"
6 , " > 4
&
*4
# ", $ 0 " +
# 4
$
& +2 "
% "
.
–
&
% 2+ " *4 0 $
0
& $
4
%
"
0+
/ 0
, %
*4
"*4 & +
0 . 7,3 "
"*4
"*4 " > 4 % . "
&
", # + " 1
*4 "
+
#/
$ + ,. (
8 . " &#7
% 0 & *
&
* – !
,
.
*
,
– 0 +,% " + ,
#&
1. &+1
"1%*"
1 # 6
" 48
. $
4 0 +
$
4
"
.
%"
,0
.
24 1 " 1 1980 2., 0 + / ">
$ + * $ *. 5 . . " # 6 , *+ "*&" #
&
. ". .
2 5
" -8
. $
2
%
" $ " # + " 1
# # % 6
" >
% & +/
.
+,>
" 3
1%*$ *4 2 #&
"
6 90-4 2 & "
0 " & +
# , 0 %" + ">
% ,
.0*
5+16 ,
* " ",
+
+ >, 0 +
#0+
1 .
" 2 5 " 2
%
; .,
0 " + , #& " + ,
2#+
" ,
0
#0+
" > 4
&
*4
#
"
.
% ., $
*
& 0#
, $ %.
& +2 "
% "
.
.
%+ #0
+11 " > . % . " "
1. ,
0 "+
3 0 1.*
*
"
6 ,
*. 0
#0
0
& " 1 4
4 + 2 , " & 13 1 .
&* " .
2 .
&/.
.
*
0
+, " . $ + . 2 $ +
* # 6
.0
, &+1
*4 0 .
0
1 * $ *4 0 % "
" 3
1%*$ *4
4
%& " + , "
+
>
" %. /
" &
1 " 4 8
.
, & " .
+
%6 . 0
%&
.
*4 $
*4 0 &0 1
. ( + &
$ 7 " 2 " %
+
. >
* ,
+
& +
#$
1
*4
"
",
"1 , &+1 .
*4
0 &0
.
+
$
.
*4 %
.
& 4 " &
1
" .
2
%
. / " 1998 2 &# #& +, * "
"
6
$
2
"
7 4
"
6 14 0
"
4
3
1%*$ *4 2 #&
"
"+1+ 76,9%, " 2008 2 &# & 5
2 87,8% . ( "& , #
&
*4 % $
"0 " &
*4
&
*4
*4 $
*4 "
6 .
0 & +
,3
. /
% ,, $
2 #&
" 0
$
" %&
4
1
"
.
" .*4
4 +3$ "* 0 % 6
" 5
0
%" & "
" 8
. $
.
2#+
"
, 0
8 .
0 & +137
% $
0
"*
0 "+
1 2 & 1+,
.
#
# " & " ,
17 2 " " 4
%
+3$
1
.
" .*4
4 "
* 4
.
88
# 6 4
$
4
&
"
$
$
# 6 1
%& +
* $ #3 8
. # " 3
0# +
4
/ 2
" %
'
+,
%
8
0 #" + $
,
+,%1
6 ,
#7
"8 .0 6
.
6
" 10
" &8
. # %
*4
"#, 0
"
&"
"
& %
+ & "
" 6 + . . /
0 %
, 2 &
0 %" + "> .
+,>
"#
2
"
& " "
" ,,
" 0 + &#37
2 &*
8
. $
2
,
%" " , 8
. #
# #
0
% "
. & . % 0
%
*4
& 6
8 2 0 6
. /
+#/ ,
6
> " 2 & 4 & (& ++. - ) :
1992 -.
%
% 4
* 2*%
# .
%
* 1993 #.
&/
208 *
350
171
352
92
1 # " /&
,
1%*$ *4
.
+ & /
"
+
*
$ #3
2 0 # 0 > *.,
&
90-4 2 7 " ,
.0*
#7
"+1 ,
+
0 %
"& &#-
$
$
2000 -.
2007 -.
659
1231
279
563
366
3730
6743
730
1230
858
" & ., 8
&
2 #
% $
&
+1 %
+ $ 3 1, " &
+, "#1
$ ,%
% 6 "# "
%"
.
" .*4
5 2 % "*. .
/&
1.
%
&/
. 2+ 0 &
.# 0
%
+3 "*
# " ,
0
%"
1,
2&
+, *
3
2 #&
" , 2& &#> "
& 4 &
/ 1000 & ++. "
3 1 " +
%"
2 #00
.
.
2 ,
0 " /& + 1 # +
.
" .
2
0
#2+# +
.
6 +, 2
"
" ,
.
%
6* "
%#+,
"
*"
1 .
0 .*>+
2 0
%" & " 0 +
0 &
.
(
%
+ . 8 2 . /
+#/ ,
7
"
% 1 *4 " 0 .*>+
"
*4 %
" .*4
. 2007 2. 0
"
3 1992 2.
#0
30 & 23%, " * 2*%
– 36 & 16%, "
%
89
2 0
+,
2 *
% 4
&1%*$ *
2 &,
(
& +
1
5 $
.
2 4 " & "
$
.
#& +, 2
.
+"
% 4# .
-
–
&
7
39% .
8
0 "+ + " %
. > "
7 *.
6 0 " 2 & 1 +
1 ;;I ".
& +1
+
1, / "#7 2 % $
&
,
"+1+
" %
&/
24% (2006 2.),
#%
– 30% (2008 2.),
% 4– 13,8% (2007 2.), * 2*%
&/
–
+
8
,
/
%
60% (2008 2.) . +1 0 + & 4 &"#4
+ 4
.
" 1 8. 2 6 1
+
1
%
"
&
*, "
+,> 4 . >
4–"
#3
&
6 3.
/ * 0
" &* . 2
" "
4
+
% . # " . & 4 & 0 "
+ , "
"
$
/ %
0 $
1 4 . .
, % *
6 +, -0 +
$
%& / ,
*
0
+
.
" .*
* "
%#+,
0 &
"
2
3% ,
%
. " 0
& 0 " &
1
7
"
0 +
$
4 8
. $
4 0
% "
, . + &+1
4
1/ +* 0 + & " 1.
+
" *. 0 $
. 2 /&
"
*"
&/
, « " +36
%» "
#% ,
&
2
. 7
1 0 "
+, "
"
#/
*4
+ "
" * 2*%
, .
"*4
0 1& " " %
,
"1 "
2011 2. – " ! 2
#
+
% 4
.
=
. $
#&
,
6 +, *4 0
+ .
" 0
"
4 3
1%*$ *4 2 #&
" 4
%& 3 0 $"#
&+1
0
1
+ .
2 8
. %. ,
* 0 &"+1
, % #3 #2 %# "
$
" 5
, &
+ % #37 2
40
#0
+,
%"
.
1
<
59 &
%. =
.' &
&
&
//
.%
:
&
3. .,2000, . 19.
2
" , . 18–19.
3
Togo Y. Türkiye T*KA ile agabeylik yapıyor//EkonomikForum,15.08.1995,
. 24.
4
.:
>. .
!
.
., 2006.
5
DTM. Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin sosyal ve ekonomik göstergeleri. Ankara,
2009, . 124.
6
*bid, . 9.
7
DTM. Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin …., . 9–10.
8
T*KA Faaliyet raporu 2008. Ankara, 2009.
"
90
. .$
(
(
( ;
3
. $
"%! " %"
(
1 2012 2. (
1 0 " &+ "
%"
1 (( )
& 1 +
3 +
0
*"
1 # "+
.
" .
%&
1 " 2001 2.
/ &
2 &+1 . 2 4 # 0 4
1
#2 0
&/ 0
0 + .
4 "*
4 2002 2. "
= & 2
, 0 +
$
2
(
# 4 3
&
#
0 *. «(
1 2+#
.
+ .
.
1.
% " " + 0
&#
"*
4 " # 6 » (CNN), « # 6
"*
* "* 2 +
" 1 0
1
+ .
.
1. ,
(
1 0 " &+ "
%"
1» (BBC) – 2 "
+ % 2 + "
1& " &#7 4 % 0 & *4 ! ,
6 4
4
*4 (
%
/ + ,
+ .
0
, «0
&
… 0 %" +
0 " ,
%
+ 6
"
, 0 0 "
"
#6 3» (CNN). &
8 0
*
" 1+ (
" + 6 .
+ $
* *4 0+
" 0 " % /&
3 "
2
# 6
+ .
2 2 #&
" , & #2
%*" + = & 2
3
2
#/
« "
.
+ .
. » , « " 0
4
6 +-& .
$
0
, 2 0# » , « " +36 5
*.
"
. », «.# #+,.
. & .
. »
+ « # 6 .
+ 2 . ;
& .
$
0 6
") 0 &
" 0 ».
! /&#
. & 2002 2. # (
#
" " + $
% 7
$
1 & + 2 $
1 0+ 5 . ,
+ >, 0 + 0 4 &
"+
0
1
+
,
"#3 &
$
,.
.
1
+ .
(
+ $
"1%
#
# " & "
+ / > 2
#/
1
(
+ 2 &
" 1
(
&
&
+ , + & * (
6 + 0
&+ /
,
0 + $
.#
+ .#, 0 &$
" 1, $
"
+ 2 3,
«
"
" #3 & .
3».
",3 2 %
« &
+»
0 = & 2
% 1"+1+: « > 0 +
$
1
0
1
1"+1
1 + .
…
"
+ 2 …
1
91
( +
$
1 0
1
. /
* ,
+ .
… 8
> 8
$ 1
.
+ 2 1» .
+ % 0 2 .. *4 & #.
" ( , "* #0+
",3
+ &
",
/
1 " %
"
1 0
0 %" +1 "*& + ,
" * $
*, 4
%#37
0 +
$ #3 &
$
, 0 "17
0
. +3$ "*. &+1 0
.
1
(
1"+1
1 , $ " &#7
0 % 6
"0
"
+,>
"
" .%
. 3 "*4 &6* % % 0 7
" # 6
+ .
(
&
&
+ (( ): (
*+
"
*"> . $+ . #.
"
" 2
*+ ( ,
%& + ">
1
&"
& + 2 $
4
$
1 –
& 6
+
"
. &
9
", + &
.
*4 *+ = & 2
.( &
"
+ . &
2
$
1 *+
.
+ 2 % *, $ .
& 6
+
*, &
*+
" *
0 +
$
8
. $
5 .*.
+ & %
0#
. ( " 2001 2. . &
5
6
*+ "* #/& * 0
%.
"
0 +
$
0+ 5 .*
. &
5
6
.,
$
*
"
" " ,
+ 1. "
0 +
$
.*. . . = & 2
2
#/
$ +
*
" ,
0 >+
( , 0 % 6
#1
1 "
$
"
"
",
+ .
". ( $ . . . = & 2
+ 0 && /
" 2
&" /
1 %
# / .: " 2 &*, 0 + & " ">
% % 0
.
0
, = & 2
& #2
*">
$+ * ( 0# >
" " +
0
" 0 , "
$ 1 , & 0+ .
.
0 "
+, " *. $
"
. , . "> . 0 +
$
*" 2
.
+ $
#
( = & 2
+
"
0 0 " & " ,
&
" #0+
1 # 6
"
#
0+
1 0 +
$
4
8
. $
4 "1%
" 0 .(
" 0
6 "* = & 2
0 %" + +
.# % #$ , 1 0 && /
,
4 & . &+1 5 .
"
1
"
0 +
$
0
–( .
* &1
0 +
$
#3
#, (
+
" 2 , +3#3 & + 2 $
#3 "1%,
#">
"+ #( .
.
" 1 ,
% / , #&, *
+ .
4 0 &>
"
", (
% / +
1
7
6
+,
0
, "* / 37
* "
4 #
,
" "> 4 % " #0+
# 6
"
0 " &
" #
4
5 .,
"
"
2 8+
.= & 2
&
$
$
" " 4 "* #0+
14
2 "
+ 0 " 4 $ + "
, 2 /&
4 "
& 4, 8
. $ 10
.
%"
2 6
"
.
0 " . @ %& 0
= & 2
@1" +
6 0 # +, .
%.
0 +
$
2
%"
1 # 6
–
. #
92
6 06
« 6 1 &+1 2 #&
" » 0 >+
" 1 – «2 #& &+1
& ».
. 4 0 + &
, 0 % .* +# = & 2
,
(
& +/
, 5 6 +, *. "* %
+ . «
" #6 2
7
" ». +1 # " & " 0
.
«
"
" 1 & .
1» 1"+1
1
& + 2
,
/
.
7 4 &+1 # 6 2 2 #&
"
2
& 6
.(
"*
+
6 06 3 «
"
"
& .
», 0 & + "
+
&
"
* 0 1 1,
& 6
4
%#37
# 6
7
" : .,1,
1
+ 2 %
,.
+,>
% $
,
0 &
1
7
" .
(
# #
., , % $
#3
"
1 0 01 " . &+1 &
/
1
"
" 0 + " " &
2
$
3
& " &# + %. .
(
1
.
"
#
., " "
0
4 +, *4
6
, 2& 2+ " *. $
1 .#/$
, / 7
. " &
1 "
0
1
+,. ( 8 .# "
" . .#/$ *,
/ 7 * %
. 3 1
7
"
& 1 +,
,3
0 11
#& "
+, , $
/ . 3
"
"
*
>
1.
7 *
%
. 3 " &#7 4 0
"
.
.,
6
+, . # "
( .( +
$
1 & 1 +,
, $
1
0
.#7
"
.#/
.% 1
., 0 8 .#
0 +
$
(
0 &
"+
"
" . .#/$
. .
6 + .
" " 0
4
.
*4 6
0 1 1
& " &# + %.
0+3 + %. .
(
. /
4
% " ,
"
" #3 0
3.
*. # " .
"
%. (
1"+1
10
%.,
"
*
+
# 0 > *4 0
& 4
# 6 .
# " & " (
#. +
0 +,%#
6 +, -0 4 + 2 $
# *,
+,2 1
7
" 0
*+*.
#.5 +, *. 0
& .
0
# 6
#+, # * "
12
# " & " 0
.
. & /
+,&/#
. 0
& 4.
@ & 1
# /&
, "
., $
.
0 >+
& / "
+3$
#&#7 .#
*. (
% 1" + , $
$ $
0*
#+, #
2
"
6
0 $
"
&+1 #&#7 2 .
(
7
"
2
.
%
1
#$
.
.
2
+ & 1
+ " %. /
0 +
$
1 4 + &"
*
0 &
"
2
3%
" &
1 &
4 0 .
%*" . 1
6 06 1 «
.
%. » 2
$ "0
+ ,
"
.
$
%.
1 " .
"
0 +
,
*
*+ 0
& # 6
0# +
" 1990- 2 &*
"*
" > 0 +
$
0 "+
1 –
+
*,
" %,
&"
93
13
33 % 3, + /
.
0
0 0#+1 % 6 1 # 6
#+, # *
+
"
0 1"+1 , 1
+,
"0 +
,
"
#
" ,+
# . 0
.
%.
/
0 & +1
"%2+1& 0
" 0#, 32 -"
$
$
,3
.
1 .0
1 0 " +
+, "
".
" .
.
.
%. (
" 0
1 0
"
.
+ & / " 2 ..
.
% .,
# "
>
4 .
4
1
1 &"
"
>
: & " .
$
.# 0
"
# 0
8 .
"
+
+,.#
$
# "*4 " %. /
0 6"
1.
+ &#37
# " ,
"
%. (
%
.
+ 2 %
,,
"1%
1
.
*. 6
1. . (
"
" /
,
1 0 &
1 + $ *.
+ 2 % *. $#" " .,
+ . %& ,
.
"
1
0 & +137
%"
7
" 8
.
# " & " ( ,
% $
+, 1 $
, 1& "*4 $+
" 0
0 & 3
+,>
% $
".
*.
. + " . 0 && / " 3 0# + $
0 " &
+ 2 % *4
1& ",
*
0
"#3
%&
3
. 5 *
7
"
2 "% . & "
1
2+ / "
3 . /+ $
*4
5+
". ( 8 .#
+ .
1
+ 2 %
,
"
1
" 0 + 2 37
&
&+1 0
%&
#
$+
" $#" "
0 &
7 .# & +#.
*
# " &
+ 0
,
2 #&
"
* .
! 4.
&*
+ 8 2+ " !
" 0 & + .
+ 2
+ * #+ $ 6 1
+ 2 % #3 .#&
, 0 >+ 2 .
$
3 , $
0 "
* "
.
* 0 &
"+13
.* 855
" *
0
>
1
6 +, *4, 0 +
$
4
4 + 2 $
4
% & $,
17 4 0
& " .
*. .
..
+ . 0 &
"+1
& + 2 $
#3
"#, " " #/& 3 1 0 " & " *
* "* " 0
*, &
0
.
2 ,
/ , 0 " +, ,
–
.
6
+, 1
& 1, 0 & +137 1 " &
0 >+ 2
#&#7 2 .
.
" /
–
+ .
"
0 +
*
+,> . .* + .
." +*,
* "*
1 1
#/&
& #2 . $+
.
14
7
" .
( &
# # ., ,
+,
.
.# " ,
" . >
4 "
*,
+ . 5 . #
.
%
.
+, * 0
6 0*
+
1.
&
# " & " 0
#7
"#
&
0
.
2 ,$
+ . – 8 sine qua non
.
+,
%&
" 2
7
" . (
4 # /&
3,
+ +3&
. +1 1
+3& 3
+ 2 % *
1&*,
.
+
*
94
"
+,>
0
*
, "
" .
1
, $ &+1 + &
"(
+ .–" /
>
8+ .
@ &
1
6 , "
+# 1& 0 $
0
1 *+
"* #/&
& + ,
+ .
0 +
. & + 2 (
0
1
2 " 1
0 "
7
"
0 & +1 ,
+
& / 0 +
$
4
# " 0
& " . & .
$
2
" + %@1"+
1.
..#
. /
0
.
& .
1"+1
1 5
$
"
4
( .
+ .
.
* 6
0 %" * 5 .
" , # " #37 4 2 /&
$#" "
7
"
2 & +2 .
(
#& +1
" .
+
+ 2
" 5 .
"
2 «& 6 0+
"
2 » 2 /&
,
* ,
/ &
1, #&
"* #0 , %
4
«" $ *4 6
».
( 1
"
&* &+1 # " & " 0
«
#. +, * » 4
,
, "
&
.
6
, 0 /&
" 2
& " ,
0 %" +1
+3&1. 0
+ & " ,
#& "+ " 1 , 4 + $ * 6 + – .
+,
+ 2
1+ #$
"
7
"
/ % .
.
% ., (
.
1 0 &" /
3
.*, "
& " &# +, *
"*
0 & +1
1
+ 2 % - 7
"
*. 6
1. .
=+
(
& " +,
%
&
0
" .#
6 +,.# 0
4 /&
3 " +3$
"
1
+,
4 5 .
",
2
&
&
+
,
"#3
+
#3 # /# % 3.
=
4 /
2 #00*
+
1
@ &
+ , "
#2 «& . $
2
+ .
2
.
%
1», $
0 " + (
15
.
"
* (
– 8
" 1
6 +, 1 2 #00 ,
"+
"
#3 "4 &1
0 + " # 2
&
,
0 + " #
+,
/
+ . (
8 .
2
+, * , 0 " 6 +, *
# &
@ &
1
/
. 3
+,>
"+ 1
" #
0
.
+ 2 1, .
+,
8
$
1 0
&+ /
, 0 +
% #3 1
6 +,3 &
/
1 # 0 4 "
"*4 2
&
4 6
4.
(
1 * " (
1%* .
+ – 8
1%* $ + " $
4 / + .+
1 "+
.
+ .
1 .
+, &+1 0
8+ * – 8
& "
&
/
1 "+
,
. 0
6 +,.
"
%. (
–
8 0 +
$
1%* ,
*
"
&
/
1
0
1
0 2
.
+
.
" , + %# 2 0
,
$
1 2002 2., &+1
4 4
0 .
8
. $
2
0
6 +
4 + 2 ,
*
0 & +13 #&#7
%" # 6 .
" 0 + 2 37
0
6 0* (
5 .
" 4
#06
7
.
95
+ , 0 4 &# & 1 +,
,
0 +
$
.
&* 0 & +1+ , #$
. 4 &
"
" %. /
&
/
1
4 & .*4
%#+,
". #&#$ "
+,
# #
" 0
,
" +3$
"
1 1& #
"> 4 1 " #+, #
.
+ %#37 4
# "
2
% 6 .
" .
# 6
7
" ,
" . 2 . # " & "#
1 0 2.
%. .,
%
& +, *4 2 #00
@ & 16
,
*
#7
"#3 ".
, / "1 0
& +,
.
3& ,
"
+,
,
" 2
&
.
0
*
&
" " , ".
& &
/
1
7 2
+ 2 , +
0 " > "
.
+, *
* .,
+ 0
+
1.
4 # + " 14
@ &
3
% *4
.
+ /
+
& 2
2
& 0
"#3 .
* 5 &*
6 6 , +,>
"
*4 %& * "
#2 + 2 %
&
+
2
% 6 .
) $
+, 1 $
, #
(
/ 0 &
"
+
& #2 4
8
$
4 2 #00) / "
+,> .
.,1. .
# 6
>
0
.
*
%
,"
.
. *4
"
+
&" &6
,
# " &
+, – 2+ "
., . ( &
,
., 6
1 $ , "*
. + & +,6*
+,> 4 . 2 %
"
2 "6* 1"+13 1 2+ " *.
. = & 2
,
0 $ " 1 .# 2
%&
+,> 2 +
", $ .
+, 1 $
,
+
1.
( +
&+1 + &
" (
– 8
. , % 0 &" /
1
++
" *4 + + $ *4
" , " .
. ,
&
1 & + "
0
6 0 ". ! /&# 0
6 0 .
.
0
#
"#
0
1
"
" ,
8
"
"
% >
1 " 0 +,%# >
4 .
. &
& +*
" 2&
"1 1
#.
. &+1
+ % 6
+ $ *4 +
++
" *4 6 + .
, 6
* "+ 1 1 " # 6
0 0 / .# 0 &
"+13
+,1
",
/ +
& + ". (
.
"
7
"
2
$ % "
%+ $ *.
.
& + . , &+1
2
#
1
.0 .
7
0
.
0 +
.
%
1.
.
1
%& ,
7
&
8 $
4
.
.
%
1 0# . "% . &
" 1,
1
7
"#
. +,2 .
% *4
7
"
". ( +
% $
>
0
" &+1
/ %
& .
#37
2 #00* %
$
+ *4.
0
. 0 +
% $
0
& $#
#
" 0
0 " / 6 .
..
"(
"$ +
&
.*>+
" "4 &
1&
5 . +, *4
2
% 6
2 #00.
0 " + ,
"% . -
96
&
2
& #2 ., 0
+, # 0
4 &1
% & 2
+ 0
&+ /
& .#
.# / #5 %*" 3 & #2 & #2# 0 && / # "
, &" /
0 +
$
4
". #" "
0
&+ /
0 &
,
& .# 2
&# (hem(erilik –
& . % & 2 .
, « 2
+ %.») 1"+13 1
"
0
5 .
"
5 . +, *4
@ &
" #
0
.
& . %
6
+, *4 0 + & "
% "
1
4
5 . +, *4
@ &
1"+1
1& .
"
& +, *4
+ 6.
$ *
"1% 6 1 1 0 "*> " 2 .
0
%. – torpil –
+
0
&
/
1 6 +
+ 2 & 1 + $ *. "1%1. 1"+11 0 & +137 . 0
% $
& +/
, + 0
.
#. =
5 . +, *
@ &
1 + $ *
*
# + " 3 0
+ %. " # 6
0 +
, 2& + $
,
" 2&
2 +
+
" / #3
+,, $ . 0
* 0 2 ..*
+
# *.
.
% ., " (
+ $ *
"1%
"1 1
"*>
& + 2 $
4 # /&
. ( "* /
3 ;
"#% , 8
5 . +, * 2 #00* – «
0$ +*,
17
1 "
#2
17
0 " 6
4 0
14 # " & "
0$ +
.
» .
" 2&
2 +
+
5# & .
+, #3
+,, $ . & + 2 1.
.
+, + =
" . 2 . "*0 + 1+
+, «0$ +
.
».
2 & 1> 11 «.
»–8 = & 2 ,# 0 >
@ & ">
0$ + "
#2
1. + * (
#
0
$ 3 & #2
& #2 ., $
* 0 +#$ , &
#0 " + /
#2
= & 2
,
17
%
0 &
*4 .# .
+
,
!# 2
+
/#
& ) 0 #. (
+ %.
5 . +,
, 1"+13 1
" *. 4
. 0
= & 2
. 2
. & . + $ +
, 0 " 6 +,
% . # .
(
1 0
*+ 0
$
"
" %. /
0 &" /
1
%# "" 4
6
# " &17 4 & ".
( +
$
1 & + 2 1
0
(
& " +,
0
"
$ "*.
-0 "*4, "* #0 1 % «
"
" #3» & .
3,
"
/ " .1
.
1
5 .
" , 0 +
$
#3
.#
>
1 . /&# 2 #&
" .
7
" . " # 6 .
-"
*4,
" 1 0 "
#$
" 0 +
$
/ %
0+3 + %., (
"+1
&
$
.
&+1
"
" #
0
& .
. , 4, "* #0 1 % & 6
+ % 6 3
.
#0 "+
& "
0
" 3
, (
& " .
.
1 6
+ % 6
"
# # *
.* 0
1 1
>
" #
0
.
&
.#
.
"#3
+
&
& #2
2
#.
+ 0
97
& . % " 4 "* #0+
= & 2
% 1" +: « # 6 1
0 >+ & +2
0# ,
#
"+
3
#6
+ % 6
& .
"
. . 0 + . .* + , & .
,
1
" +3$
"
1 0+3 + %.
+
,,
. .
& .
.
> & + –
" #7
" "
. 4
$
& .
, 2
$
"*
.
0 & +
*.
# . ,
"
2
$
& .
,
1 0
%*"
&.
" #3,
6 +, #3
0 +
$
#3 5 *. !*
%*" . 8 – 1 4
+ * 0 &$
# ,, $ .*
>+ &+1 8 18
2
"*
.
– 2+#
& .
».
«& .
1» &+1 ( ? "+1
1 +
&" . &+1 &
/
1 "+
+
&
. &+1 0 & + 1
$
" / % ?
"
" 1 & .
1 "*" &
1
% 0
.
1 # 6
6
& +, 2
@ &
1
#
", 4
5
"
8
$
4 #
,
% #+, # *4 +
+
"*4
%& +
. *">
% .
+, 0 & &
+1 (
2
!
*
,/ + 10 & " & ,0 " /
,0
& + .& .
, % 1" +, $ «.* 0 &
"+1 .
+
1,
.# & .
1 #/
+,> , $ .
19
+3 .# & #2 .#
#» . &
.#
#& + , 0 "
4-+
2#.
"
" 0 +,%# & .
,
" 0 & " /&
& .
$
4 "%2+1& " "
0
.! /
+,
2 & ,,
0
1,
0
" 37 1
0 2 2
& .
, #&
0 . 1 , 4 "
>
"
*4
# # .
;
%.
$
1 + $
, = & 2
1"+1
1 & .
% 2+ " *4 0 01
"
#6
+ % 6
0 " %2+ > .*4 0
0
6 0 " & .
.
% "
+, 2 % *
«) . » !#
5
+,
+ / " 37
# # 6 2
0 + .
, .
+, $
«" 0
.
+, 2
"
+ "*& 37 4 1 & 1 + , 0 + .
2 #00
+ /
20
+ / " ,
$
>
1
0 "
+, " .» . ( . $
+, , $ $+ * (
/
2&
#3 0
3%
#
"
" #
0
& .
. $
,
*
& 0#
*(
/ + " + ,, $ #
4«
"( + .
& #2 4
1%
,
.
0 & . , # #, 2 + #1 % 0 &21
+ 2 .* 0 "
+, " . %
0
*». ( % . $
3
;. "#% , &
%"
* & 0#
% + .# "
",3, $
« &
"
*
2 ,
* .*
0 +,%# . " ( + .
,
22
8
# » .
0#
(
#
. % "* % + "
& " +, " 2 %
«! ++
»: «!*
+ "1 *
+&
.
98
/&# , $ .* #& . 0
0 & . , # " 0 && / #
23
1& "*4
+3 2 %
, 0 &+ /
2 0 "
+, " .» .
$+
"0
" %. /
#$
" " ,"0
*4
0
14
"*
%*" , "
0 &0 $
1;
" %. /
0
, 1 %
# " &17
0
*. $
1& "*4 $+
"
"
0
$ , 2
$
, + & *
$#" "#3
#/&* 0 && / " ,
.
"1%,, 0
. *, "
1
,
#
" %. / * +, " +#$
#0 2 0
/
1
"*
4.
#
(
" &
1 % $
+, *4 0
*4 0
+
++
" *4
#/&
"
>
" / *4 0 +
$ 4 0
+ .. .
. %, *+ 0 "*.,
%
&
&
%0
*4 2 #00 0 & 1+ " 0
., $ 0 "
+, "
%@1 1
& 0#
. "
0 +
. (
2
+ " ., &
" 1 0 "
+, " "*%*" 3
" 0
",
+ % 6 3
*4 0
" 0 "
% 6
0 & +1+
#. " "
5 "
%..
/ 0 &0 + / +, $
.
5
"
. +,
, . 37
$ ,
*
"1%
= & 2
.,
&
" " +"
"
*4
4.
#2
$+
0 + .
(
! 4.
& .
0 #+ 1&* 0
, % 1" ", $
«
+,>
1"+1
1
7 .
$ .0
" . &+1 "*
6 +
% *4
.* +
*4 0 +
$
4
>
».
/
/ + " + 1
& .
$
"
* 4
= & 2
,
%*" 1 2 0 01
" . &+1 & .
% 6 .
6 +14 # + 1 " #
0
& 6 0+ * (
. .
"
1
+,
% . 1+
"
#
".
4 10
1 % 1"+1+ , $
0 &
"+1
% 6 «& .
% 6
0
# # *» " # 6 , "+
, "
$ .
2
&
$ + , " # 4 = & 2
,
8 0
.
" #
0
& .
,
/
1,
$ + 1
. 2 0 0#+1
.
%-%
%.
1 #
" (
" 2005 2. 2+ " * 0
#
4 " 2
0 ++16
2
#&
#
+ 1 "
#6
*
#&
0
,
& + , (
0 &#0 /&
,
+
%.
* 0 + /
1 " 2 #
" ,
*
0
"
$ + «%
#
0 +
$
4 0
14».
0 & " /&
" 4 + "
%" + #
"(
& .
$
.,
# % "
+ > . >
0 + . $ 1 0
2 + &
.
% +, $
«" & .
$
4
. 4 &
$ + "
[+ &
0
= & 2
– . .]
. /
+ & ,
. > . 0 + . $ 1. 0
#
& &
" &+1 "*
"
. ,
> 37
2 +
0
% $
$+
" # " &17 4
99
*4
2
".»
$
,
#
" . 2005 2. = & 2
+ 0 $
&
+,
&
% $
1.
+3$ "* 0
*" #
0
.
0 &
"+1
6 +, 1
% 0 && / ( ?
&
"
%*"
+ 2 %
, 8
$
8
. $
"
" ? ( +
$
0 &0 $
1
"(
2 " 1
4
"
. .
%
,
$ .
/ 3
+ $
+, * 4
0
.
4 1
(
. + ,
, «# "
+,
» 0 " 6
0
, &+1
" *4
" " /
> .
1
" 0
+ .
2
+1 / % .
$ *. 0
+ ., 2 +
" "> . % (
, #/
+,>
6 +, *4 0 2 .. " 0 && / # 4
+ 2 0 +#$ 2
8
. $
2 0 + /
1;
+,
* / & 3
+,> 2 #&
"
*4 #
&
% 7 *
2+
+,
#6 ;
#"
> "* #0 3 %
/
2 #&
"
2
+1
+
+
+, #3 0 +
#.
4
, 8 #
«
+ 6 3» & " +,
0
.
17 2 " .
8
2 #00*
@ & 1+
& " +, "
2
$
+,
0 + + >.
0 " /
,
+ .#. (
1
+ «2 +
.» 0
5
,
1
.
" + , %.
,
0 +
$
+ &> 5
# 6 .
.
1
, $
(
#& + , $
%+ / , " 3 0 2 ..#, +3& 2 +
" +
% 0
3,
7 1 " .
+, / %
+ &
".
.
0 2 ..* 1& "
.# #+,.
8+
2 +
" + % 0 "*$ .
2 "
6 + 2 = 2# <*+&* *., &+1
%
+1 «
" / , $
2 "
= & 2 ,
,
8
2 "
, $
& +
, #&
4 & ,
0 %&
24
. $
" &
1 " ., » .
#7
"#
+,> 1
% 6 . /&#
.,
8+
0 & +1
"
"%2+1&*,
2
0 & +
1 (
4
+
* &+1
1
" 4
".
2+
+ & "
3,
0 " &
.# 6
. “GENAR” " 2003 2.,
(
0& + +
"
0 +
$
"%2+1&* + &#37 .
% .:
27%
+ .
*, 15% 0 "* , 14% & .
*, 10%
" *, 10%
6 +, * & .
*, 6%
6
+
*, 3%
. +
*, 3%
6
+"
*
10%
0 & + 25
+ ,.
0# +
"
* " 2011 2. " 2 %
« &
+» &
*
& .
" +
%.
0 5
6
8+
( .
, 63,6% 0 " / 6 " 0
0 & + +
1
+ . " (36,5%)
"
" (27,1%).
6
+
*
" 0
0
100
+ 24,4%,
. +
* – 16,4%,
6 +, *
+
+, *
26
& .
* – 13,1%.
.
1
, $
" . 0 " . 0
. @ %&
= & 2
% 1" +, $
(
1"+1
1
«
+ 6
»
%+ $*4 2 #00,
«
$
»0
, 0 &
"+1
« &
6 + »,
. 2 5 .#+
" , "1%#37#3 & 3
+
0 & + ,, $
@ & 1
2 0
3 " &
.
8 .
@ %& = & 2 % 1" +, $
6 +
,
"
«" $ *4
6
14 6 » (millet) $ 0
1
.
1
+
# . /&#
8 .
6
+, *. 6
1.
7 $ + " $
. 6
1.
.#, $
* 8
«" $ * 6
» (kadim dezerler)
+
0 & +137 . &+1 # 6
0 +
.( .
3= & 2
, 8
0 &4 & 0 . /
« @ &
, 6
0
5
3»;
%& ,
"* # " , « "1% . /&#
6
2 #&
" .»
27
0 $ , "#3 «
2 3 . /&#
0# +
& .
» .
. .= & 2
&
0 &$
" +, $ 0
10 "
"#
& .
$
#3
"
#3
.#, " .$.
% 0 & 2
0 .
( , 0
2
+ " ., 0 & / "
1 0 +
,
$
37
"
& 6 3 0 >+*
0*
" .
*. & .
$ . 6
1. .
"
"
0 2 ..
0
, (
0 &
"+1
0+ 5 .# &+1 & .
% 6 ,
#+1 % 6 , " 4 "
" %
, "
&*
"
"
" " %. /
.
.
% ., & .
#
1 0
1
6
, &
2 # *4 % " ,
0# +
0
& # 6 . (
0 "
"#
6 +, #3 & 55
6 6 3
" 8
$ 4, #+, # *4
+ 2 % *4
$
4
% .
.*. &+1 %"
1& .
$
40 6
".
%
+ % 8
. $
4 "%2+1& " (
. /
& + ,
"*" &, $
0
1 0 & / "
1
+
+ %. .
0 2 .. (
0 &$
"
1 " /
, "*" & 2 #&
"
%
8
. $
5 *
% 0 2.
$
4
/
, . .
.+
1 0 &#
"
8
.
,
" + & "
/ +
1
0 $ , 8
. $
"* & .
. "
& 1 *$ 1 8
.
& .
$
/ .
"
1
%" " , 1 " +#$
#$
1 2 #&
" " 8
. $
& 1 +,
– 2 #&
" 0 %"
+ >, 0 && / " , 0 1&
%&
"#3
#
6 3.
( .
3
*4 #$ *4,
5 .
"
" .
&
$
0
" % $
+,
0
0 "+ 1+
0 >+*
0*
* = & 2
"
$
" .8
. #+ .
%#+,
. 8 2 "+ 1 1
+ 0 2.
$ 1,
6 +, -
101
"
1 0 +
, 0 %"
1
.
. # "
+#/ ,
" +
. & + 2 1., +3&1.. .
0 2.
%.,
0 +
$
1 2
, 0 %" + + = & 2 # #7
"
28
. ( +
&+1 + &
(
>
,
6 +, #3
%# (
+#/ + 0 /& " 2
#.
.
>
1 0 " & " *4
0
+ . +3& ,
& " .
%&
1 & + 2 $
29
"
.# #+,.
.
.
.
*
+
# " /& 3 , $
(
0 +,%# 1 +* «
"
"
& .
» 0
0
.#,
$
$+ *
. 2#
%" ,
1 «.# #+,.
. & .
. ».
, = ,
! 4$#01 0 > : «
, & + ">
" *
#+1 %. 5 6 +,
& + 2
,
0
0 +,% " ,
.
«.# #+,.
»…
& #2
*, . /
% ,, $
"
%. " # 6
& /
8+ .
*
+ 30
" 3 $
&, 0 +
+ 2 .
2* $
, $
.
. » .
«.# #+,.
& .
*»
/
6 +,
%*,
0 +
$
2 1%* 0
, 0
.# 0 &
"+1
% " & . 0
2 *> * "
0
"
3
«
"
"
31
& .
» .
#2
+ & "
+, – A. <*+&*% –
/ 0 + /
+, " 0
.
%(
.# #+,.
& .
$
&
$
.(
2 .
3,
17 1 &
$
,
0
#
0 +
"1%, . /&#
+ 2
0 +
" # + " 14
32
& .
,
1 #7
+ 2
" #37 . .
. + & *(
2
$
0
.+3 0 .
1
0
.
«.# #+,.
& .
*», & + 1
6
0
. " .
,
(
#& +1
0
+ .
8
. $
2
0 & ,
%
6 ,
" .#
0 & + 3 & 4 & ", 0 +
$
. "
& .,
6 +, .#
0 $ 33
3
%& " 4
3. = & 2
" 2& 0 &$
" +, $
0 "
" " + & .
$
#3 "
#3
.# % 0 &2
0 . 0 2 .. 0
0 &"*
..
5
2 "
+
6
& + 2 , "
. $ +
+ . %. , " 80 4#
2+
+ % 6 .
(
+ " . 8 -.
;#
+
, «(
–
"
" 1 & .
$
1 0
1,
"
%. 0 "17
0
2
$ "
1 .
+, *.
6 +, *. " 0
. ».
+
" % /
0
"
0 +,% "
1 " % 0 & *4 !
80
« + .
»"
>
( . .
2010 2.
+
/ +
.
" +, $
«% 0 & 1 0
%*"
(
3 0 " &+ "
%"
1 0
+ .
.
+,>
" ., « + .
», «#.
+ .
»,
102
34
«
=
+ .
2
+ », «
+ .
0 "
& 1»
0 $
.
35
4
/ 3
#,
0 $ +1
» .
( -" & . .#, (
# " +
" 4 0 &>
"
"
0
, % 2 *"
1
+ .
0 +
,
1
% /
0 " &
" %
"
3
5+
" " # 6 . (
8
0 $
(
0 &0 $
0 &
"+1 ,
1
" " -& .
$
0
.
"
" 1 & .
1
(
–8 "
. .* + 0 0*
"
& + 2 $
+
"
1 . /&#
+ . %. .
#+1 %. ..
0
&#
>
. 2 4 2+
+, *4
.
*4
0
+ .: 0 .
"
& 6
" # 6
0 + , # 2#+
"
# &
2 " 0
,
6 +, *4
8
. $
4 0
+ .. = & 2
&
% 1"+1+, $
«0 + ,
#
"
>
10
+ .,
%&
1 4» 6 +,3
/
1
0 1/
, "*%"
& + 2 $
.
36
+ .
7
" " # 6 .
!
" %%
(
0 &
"+1
$
+
+, *4,
"
" *4,
6
+
$
4, ..#
*4
6 +-& .
$
4 "%2+1& ". ( "* /
3 ;. "#% ,
« &
$
,
& + 2 1 (
0 .
3
,,
1 %. 1
"
6"
" % "
.
" 7
1.
& " 37
.
# 6 1, .# #+,.
1
0 % 0 & 1» . ( &
*
8 +
$ * , 0+3 +
$
0 &4 & 0
@1 1
1
4 & .
,3 #$ *" , . 2
%
% / %
+ 1. +1 & +,
> 2
#7
"+
1 # 0 >
0 +
$
& 1 +,
(
& +/
> , % & $# 0
%&
3 .
2 /&
&* &+1
".
2
#7
" "
1 . 2
% *4 6 +, *4, #+, # *4 8
$
4 2 #00.
1
34,3%
$
$
.
2
Bölügiray N., 5 De7i8iyor mu? *stambul, 2004.
3
Newsweek, 02.12.2002, c. 19.
4
Journal of Democracy. 2003. Issue 14, April, c. 102.
5
Survival. 2003, 1 45, c. 48.
6
Vatan, 18.01.2003.
7
5
$
,
$ 2,84%
&,
#
(
& 2002 #.,
"
"
#
(
! ! «
».
(
#
103
-
-
8
Radikal, 08.11.2002.
%
#
. «
» (
$ ),
–( .
10
Boland, V. Eastern premise // Financial Times, 03.12.2004, . 7.
11
Keyman E. Muhafazakar demokrasinin ‘kadın’la imt8hanı // Radikal,
16.05.2004.
12
King J. The Battle for the Ottoman Legacy: The Construction of a NeoOttoman Political *dentity in Turkey // Duke University, 12.07.2004.
13
Alan O. Makovsky. The New Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy // SAIS
Review, 19.01.1999, c. 92–113.
14
Yavuz H. Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. N-Y., 2009, c. 32.
15
Vergin N. Siyaset ile Sosyolojinin Bulu8tu7u Nokta // Türkiye Günlü7ü.
2004, 1 76, c. 5–7.
16
(
.: Jenny B. White. *slamist Mobilization in Turkey. Seattle, 2003.
17
Yavuz H. Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. C. 65.
18
Yavuz 2. The Emergence of a New Turkey. Utah, 2006, c. 336.
19
Radikal, 12.01.2004.
20
Zaman, 18.08.2004.
21
".
22
Yavuz 2. Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. C. 55.
23
Milliyet, 09.12.2005.
24
Bilgi ve Dü8ünce. *ssue 5, February 2003, c. 15.
25
Zaman, 28.08.2003.
26
Yavuz 2. Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. C. 65.
27
Yeni ?afak, 13.10.2003.
28
Çamurcu K. AKP, Milli Görü8 Belediyecili7ini A8abilecek mi? // Birikim
V:165, 2004, c. 65–72.
29
Muslim World, 2003, vol. 93, c. 157–185.
30
Zaman Daily, 20.08.2003, 25.08.2003.
31
Turkish Studies, 2005, vol. 5, 1 1, . 21–37.
32
Karizma. 2004. Vol. 17, January-March, c. 54.
33
Hurriyet Daily, 07.07.2001; Milliyet Daily, 15.07.2001.
34
«The Economist» &
.
«
.»,
«Reuters»
«
» «
#
».
35
Hürriyet Daily News, 28.03.2010.
36
Erdogan'
s speech in international symposium on conservatism and democracy, 2004.
37
Yavuz H. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey. L., 2003, c. 260.
9
104
. .
'
- )
9
'
"
:
)
# 6 - %
+,
>
1 0
/ + " " .
%" 1& 8 0 ",
2& & 0+ .
$
>
1
/ + ,
&
%> 2 # " 1
2& &"
*
" + ,
2 $
. 0
. . ,
%# + " , 8
>
1 5 .
" + ,
"
%#+,
" %&
" 1 " > 4
" #
4
5
",
# 6 , + &*" ">
1
+ / .
".
" 6 + ..
# 6 10 % +
%
+, 28 .
1949 2., " 1950 2. . /&#
&"#.1
.
*+ #
"+ * & 0+ .
$
>
1.
.
. # 6 1
. + , " 3 0 +
#
%
+ .
,
.
% ., $
*
% , 1 " 0
"
1
+ .
. .
.. .
0 8 .# " 1956 2. 0 +
2
%
+1 ".
2+
6
0
" 2 0
# 6 1
%" + " 2 0 +
%
+,- " " , &
$ + 1960-4 22. >
1
" + ,
# " 0 "
2 " & + 4.
%
+,
" .
" 2
%&
1
. + 10 " & ,
2 3 «" > 2
#/
1»,
2+
%" " + , "1%
. 2 #&
" . "
2
.
8
6 +,3 0 + 2 + , # + 1 0 #
0+
3
>
# 6
,
., =5 0
.
28 "2#
1958 2. %
+,
0 ., -.
# 0
+ # 6 3 0 &0
+ "
"
/ >
0 ., -.
. &
. ! &
.
. $* 0
.
#$
. 8 2 0
+ =5 0 1
. &
, 0 .
3 %
+,
2 0 ., -.
,
%
0
&
1
.# & 2
%
+
+, *4 2 #&
"
2
– # 6
–
+,%1 /& , # 0 4 "
2
+ % 6 .
(
0 &# .
" +
".
* &
" 1 0
" 0 4
..#
$
4 &" /
,
/ # + 1 0 0 "*>
3
#$ 2
8
. $
2
#& $
" . &
105
.
" /
$
,3 1"+1+ ,
%&
%" &*"
+,
. /&# 2 $+
. : &"
% " 2 &
$ + 0 " & , 1
1
"
$ 0
. # %" &&
*. .
=
2+ >
&
" " + 8 +
*+
2 #
" 1966 2. # 6
,
1 4
+
0 $ ,
0 && / #
0
0
.# " 0
#
*
4
+ .
4
,
0 & %
+,
"> 4 1
# 6 - %
+,
.#
#&$
"#.
"
/ & .#3 0 && / # 0
0 #
$ + & .
" ,
. "
.0
0 0 +
2
0
+ . .
.
.
& 6 1
%"
3
#& $
"
.
.
. > +
# 6 .# 0 "
+, "# 0 && / " , 8
. $
2 "*
*
%
+ ..
( 8 .# " 0
# 0 &
"
+, .
"
*4
& + # 6
% 1" + " .
1966 2. + &#37 : « 0
4-+
%.
14 "
>
# 6
%
+3 "
3
17
" .1
».
0 +
2 / 2 & "4 & " %
" # 6 3 .
# %.
+, "
%
+1 ! .
+
*+
.
* " 0
*
>
1 "1%
. /&#
4
&"#.1
. .
%#+,
«>
& "
"
*» 1967 2. # 6 1 "*% + , % "*" & %
+,
4 "
4 % . +,, 0 % +
%"
#3
% +36 3
"
% 0
A 242
(1967 2.),
1
. $ + 0 &4 &*
# 2#+
"
3 + /"
$ 2
5+
.
/ " .1
" %& / + ,
4-+
6
" &
%
+1,
0 / + " 5 6 +,
5
@1" , 2
2
..
1 ,
"
1973 2.,
.
1
& "+
#6
0 "
+, "
*
*4
4
6
0 " 0
# «&
"
0 && / » ,
.
" + , . 1 , " 3 + / "
$ #3 0 +
#:
-+
855
" * . * " 0 && / #
4
,
%# + " ,
% + , *
0 "+
*. 0
" %
+1,
*.
/ + + #4#&> ,
>
1,
"*%" +
*
1 . /&#
# 6
. .
. # 6 1,
& #2
$+ *
(%
+3$
. (
#2 + ),
% + , & ,
2+
0
+
$
% "
" %&#>
0
"
.
4
"
*4
. +
",
#7 4 "
#/
"
#& 7
"
" %
+, .
1980 2. # 6 1 %
*+
"
2
+,
#+, "
"
# + . " %
0
0
"
>
1 %
+1 & -
106
8
+ , 8
2
& "
+ 6
.
" &
1980 2. *+
0
1
>
/
# " 1 & 0+ .
$
4
>
: 2+ "
# 6
.
"
$
" 0 "
2 " & + 4
+ "
,. =
> 2 5 6 +,
@1 1+ 1
«
.0 .
» 0 % 6
0 "
+, "
%
+1 "
>
- %
+,
2
5+
, "
. $ + 0 + 9
2 " 0
0
+ .*
# + . .
&
1980-. 2 & . # 6 1,
0 +#$ "
4
/ & .
0 && / 0
0
.# " 0
#,
$ + 0 0
> 1 , 5 *
#& $
"
%
+ ., " .
$ +
# "
%" &&
*4. %
+, 0 +
+ .
" +36
1979 2. "
# +
1 " /&
0
"
2
0 0 +
.# " 0
#
% " +
4 & .
,
%"
1
>
# 6
.
>
"% . &
" 1 " 0 +
$
8
. $
5
+
%#+,
. & +,
> 2
+ /
1.
" " /
>
2
% 6
"
2 +
" ( .
- %
+,
.
0 " 0
.
7
"
2 .
1
"
# 0 " 0
.
% 0
)
".
# 6
" +
, # " .
.
2
0
" %
0
",
0 "+
*4 0
" # 6 ,
2+ " / #3
+, "
+
0
", 0 % 37 4 2
10
6 &
.1 .
,
% " 10 %
" * 855
+ /
1
%+ . &+1 ?
", 0 & 1+ " 1991 2. # " , & 0+ . $
4
>
+,- " " . & # " 1 0 + ",
$ 1 1990-4 22. . /&# &"#.1
.
+
#7
"+1 , 1
. 2 $ +
* "% . * " % *
"* > . # " .
%
+,
- # 6
#& $
" 1990-4 22. . +
+,
# "
& +/
.
" , 1
"
"
"
,
" 0 +
$
2 0 +
$
5
4. (
8 .
0 &
"
+
# 6 4 "
-0 +
$
4
#2 ",
8 0
* 0 0
+ . .
2
+,
% 0
" >
0 +
&
&#> * " ., $ &+1 # 6
" /
,
"
-0 +
$
2
+,1
%
+ . " . 2 . *+
# + "+
/ " %. /
,3 # +
1 0
6 + # 6.
0 6 +#/ "
,
0
" # &
4
2
% 6 .
# 6
0 +
+ 2 .
4
"
, «
2 $
& + 2
%
+ .» 0 &$
" +, $
«
#& $
"
2$ "
1» % #0 . "
2
1/
1
4 + 2 ,
"
2 $
2
#& $
"
>
.
107
«
*
+ / 3 1 0
.#, $
. 0
"
7 1 #2 % ,
$
3 0 + % *. "
"
"
8 .
2+
"*" , " 3 0 +
#». ( .
3 # 6 4"
*4
& 0+ .
$
4
6 , 0 >
4 , 0 + %
, # % 2
#& $
" &+1 # 6
" + &#37 .:
1. %
+, "
1
0 $ , 0
"
#/
*4
+ # 6
0 . 2 . " & .
" > 2 "
#/
1
4+ 2 . # 6 1
0* *"
#&
(0 0 +
$
.
0 $
.) "
0 $
8 4 0
% & #2 4
.
2.
#& $
"
%
+ . " 5
% 0
0 $
# 6
0
.#7
" "
,
%. ..
3.
#& $
" #
0+1
0 % 6
# 6
0
& ? «0 + . *.
&1. ».
+
% ,
+
"
,
,
# 6 1 – %
+,
#$
. - 1"+1
1
"*.
855
" *. 0
.
+
"
1
+ 0
"
. ( &0 + 2
1, $
5
0
#/&
18
#& $
"
/
" %&
"
&
*, 1"+137
1
$
.
*4 &
"
0
" # 6 .
4. + 1
,
.
%
+, " - , . /
* ,
0 +,% "
&+1
2 , $
* 0
" " ,
.
2
$
0 & /# 0
"
#/ 1.
5. # 6 1 0 &
% $
#& $
"#
%
+ ."
.4
%
6 06
6
+,
2 .
"
0
%
"
0
, «0 &
# 6
11
+ .» .
$ +
"+1
*4 &+1
+ /
10 $ ,0 .
1
4 & .*.
$
%
1
2 $
& + 2
#& $
3
% "
1 %
+1,
+,- " " *+ $ %"*$
% "
"
+ /
# 6
,
#$
. " 2
( , " %. /
0
,
>, " . 37 . 1 "
#2
2
" /&
. . # #+,.
.
#/
,
/
4 &1
%
" " 4 0
4
>
- ,
*
" 1990-4 22. *+ " ,. %
" *"
+ / "
2 $
4
>
. /&# # 6
%
+ .. &
# " ,. " / *. 0 01
" . &+1 %
+1 1"+1+ 1 # &" 0
,
" 5 # & 1 +,
" 2
6
+,
% 0
,
2& 8
*+ " %. / , "4 & +
0 . 7, # & . (
"
$
$
"
) &+1 + +
1 " 4
+
0
*4
4 0
"
" –
108
. &
%
+, " 2& & "
5 6
" + "
>
1
%+ $ *.
7
. # & ", / "#7 4 "
4
12
.
+ / 2
,3 1994 2. " " .1 " %
" %
+, 0 ., .
# 6
.
++
0 %" +
%
+,
# " & "
" .#
#& $
"# " 5
*.
0
2 "
4
*+ 0
"+
" 0
#$
%
+1 " . &
% 6
#6 4
. +
" F-4 .
2 0
%" & " .
++
/ "*&" #+ 0+
>
2 8
. $
2
#& $
" , 0 $ . « 2
&6 "
& +/ * *+
, # 6 1
%+,». 5
. " %. / 2 &"#
2
#& $
"
.
++
%*" +
.. $
0#
,
+
..#
6 ,0
" 8+
8
2 ," &
/
.
5 " + 1996 2. "
+,- " "
*+ 0 &0
2+ > #& $
" " 0 &2
"
"
*4
& ",
".
*4 #$
14,
.
5 . 6
.
"2#
1996 2. # 6 1
%
+, % +3$ +
2+ >
#& $
" "
#$ *4
+ & "
14, " 5
0 .*>+
,
#$ 0 6 +
",
/ & 2 "
+ ,
0
& $
# 6
*4 %
+,
4 &
/
"
+
"*
4
4 + 2 .
.
2 , "
. 4 8 2
2+ >
1 0 &# .
" + , "% . &
"
+#/
% 0
6 +,3 0
" &
" " ,
%.# "
2
.
&
1996 2. #
2 " %
+1
1+ , .
" *
#$
. !
# 6 , %
+1
- , $
"*%" +
%
13
.
0
*
1&
4
&
1996 2. *+ 0 &0
2+ >
. &
% 6
# 6 4
. +
" «F-4»
0 " &
&
# 6
" $ *4 0 +
" %
+,
4+ $
".
.
1997 2. " 4 & " %
" %
+, .
*
# 6
.
1 0 &$
#+, $
«%
%. . "
2
1»,
$
2
%
+,
++ 2 # % +, $
*
#& $ 3 0 " 0
#
. %
+,
1
+#/
% 0
% + 0 . 7, " "* *+ + &
# &$
0
. &/ +
%
2 % & /
.
!
* %
+1 . ! & >
"&
1997 2. # % +, $
# 6 - %
+,
>
1 "*>+
# " ,
14
«
2 $
2
3% » .
90- 2 &* 20 "
%" " + , 8
. $
2 "*
>
1 . /&# &"#.1
. . =
. $
>
1
2#+
" + , . /0 "
+, "
*.
2+ >
1.
109
"
&
2 "+ ,
2 " -8
. $
.
#& $
" ,
0 &#0 /&
&"
2
+ 2
+ /
1.
1997 2. " #0 + "
+#
2+ >
"
&
2 "+ ,
0 $ +
# 6
&
#0
*
+,
%
+1,
- ,
&
.
%& " 1
".
* 0 &0 1 1
# 6 .
5 . . , %
+, 1
" " +
*
'
+,
% .
2000 2 &#
# 6
*
"*>+ 72 %
+,
4
"
,
+ 2 & 1 "*
.
+,
4 %1
"
*.
4 + 2 1.
%
+1 0 +#$ + 0
0
"#
%"
1
+
+*
15
.
32 -"
$ *
* # 6
">
+# # 6 - %
+,
#& $
"
0 +#$ +
2
" #3
6 3 .# #+,.
4 2 #&
"
2
. 4 1 # 6
# " &
+ 0 &$
" + ,$ &
#& $
"
"
6 +,3
%&
0
,
2
"
. + 1.
$
1 1996 2.
" 4
..
4
2
4
2 #&
" %"#$ " + , %
$
, # 6 - %
+,
.
16
+ /
. .
".
*
# 6 - %
+,
.
#$
1 1998 2.
"*%" + " + #
$
4 "*
%*"
"
4
4.
1 4
% " + #$
1
«5
,
#> 37
+,
,"
2
»,
2 0
! ,
"
" # 6 3
%
+, " 0 "
6 14, # % + : « # 6 1,
%& 37 1
3%
%
+ ., & +/
%
,, $
0
"
/& 2
&
3%
17
. /
%& , "
3%» .
$
% . $
1 0 0 " &# # +
1
# 6 1 –
%
+,
%& " + , "
.
# 6 . *
%*" + , % . $
1
4 & .
0
+
"%" >
0 +
18
" . 2 #&
" .
2
.
.
. 0 +
&/ +
" 1999 2.
# "+ "
& + 2
.
.,
/ 0 &0
.
> 2
" %" 7
3 0 +
+
.
2
,
*
0 " & + 0 /& .
8
"1%
$
3 0
. " , 1
+ > .
*
"1%
+,- " " .,
*
"
"#3 8
0 +
+
.
( + 0 4 &
"+
(
0 " &+ "
%" 1 (( )
,3 2002 2. # 6 1 & + +
7
+,>
6
%"
>
2 #&
" .
2
.
+
.
" , 8
* "
. 4
2
+,
2 .
( 8 .#
0 & +137 . 5
. "
# 6 - %
+,
4
"% . "1%14
+ 0 +
" 0
, + / "
$ *
0 6
.
2 # 2#+
"
1
>
1
.
110
+ .
. .
..
.
% ., # 6 - %
+,
10
(
0
0 +
1& %.
.
. +,
" 1 ,
3%
. ,
+,- " " % 1+ & .
+,
0
" 0 + / * 0 % 6
0 0 " &# . 2 "
/
1 "
.
+
%
+, " 1$
0 & +" +
> 2
"
*. &
" 1., # 6
# " & "
0* + , 2 0 & "
,.
%
%
+,
2 0 % &
!.
6 " " # 6 3 " 3+
2003 2.
+ 0 "
0 0*
#
0 , 0 +
$
#3
"+137#3 «
2 $
2
3% ». (
#/&
" 0
"
2
+,
0 +
%
+,
0 % &
0 . #+
"
,
2 0 % &
.
& " « %&
0 + . . /&# %
+ .
». &
8
"*0 & "
#
2
# " & "
*+ " 0
1 "
&
$
& /
. / "
" .1
. +
" >
& #2
0+ * "
>
.
, & 2 "
" 1 ,
" %
.
&
"
#.
# 6 - %
+,
>
1 #7
"
+ ,
"
2004 2.,
2&
# 6
0 ., -.
. .= & 2
"* #0 +
+, .
% . % 1"+
1. 0 0 " &# + "*4 .
& " %
+1 " 0 6
+ / "
$ 2 # 2#+ "
1,
0 + + " & 6
%
+,
.
0 6 +#/ .
+ &
"; !
> 4
0 %&
2 0
.
.
& /
%" + 0 +
# %
+1 + %
«2 #&
" .#
%.#».
0 & +
*.
&
. #4#&>
1 # 6 - %
+,4
>
+
/
$
0 & +
*
" %
%
+,
2 .
0 .*>+
2 "+
=. +,.
" # 6 3, % 0+
"
2
& # 0 +1
2004 2.
$
" 0 &+ 2 # %*" + ,
«$ %"*$
#3
% 1
,» # 6 2
# " & "
0
0
+ . .
/
" .1 8
0 . > + 0 "
+, "# # 6
"
/ &
0
1 , "
#& "
2 .
*4 & +
19
#&
+,
+ .
.
.
,
4 &1 % 0
" " 5
% 0
+
"
+ / .
, # 6
# " & " 0 >+
" % 6 3 " 4
>
%
+ ..
$
$
" 2 8 0 &"#
4
>
+" %
= & 2
" %
+, " .
2005 2. 1 . 1 # 6
0 .,
0
*+ " %
+,
%# /
$ + "
0
2 " *
0 & +/
"
2
#& $
" .
%#+,
*+ 0 &>
111
" /&
0 & /# # 6
%
+,
4
0 + *4
. +
"- %" &$
" & +, 2
& #
&
" 1
«;
»
7#3 #..# 200 .+ . & ++
".
( "
+, " (
. + ,
+ & ,
+
*
"1%
0 +
. # " & " ..
%
+,
& +,
0 + "*
"
0 +
" 5 " + 2006 2.
# 6 3 0
+ & + 2 6 1
2
% 6
; !
" 2+ "
;. ! > + .. = & 2
& 1+ 1, $ 8
" % 0 %" +
*2
, " / #3
+, " 0 6
+ / "
$ 2 # 2#+
"
1. (
*"
;. ! > +1 " # 6
"*%" +
2 .
& " +, " " %
+ ,&
+,>
" # 6 4 !
/
$
6
+ " % .
&
. 8 0
"* #/&
*+
" ,, $ 0 0*
+ & ,
* ; !
& +
4
%#+,
".
! > +,
+,
"* % +
.+
1 & + 2#
%
+ .,
,
20
0
", % 1" +, $ «0
*+
+#> ,, & " , " *» .
&
,
.
1
. ">
1
1, # 6 - %
+,#& $
" " 0 +
$
, "
,
2 " -8
. $
5
%" " + , 0
# 6
7# .* & " & &*. )& , . /
0 "
"*
%*"
1 0 +
# 6
" %
+
. 2
, & +
* ".
2007 2. &
$
0 +
4
%#37
" , 0
8 4
>
: «
2 $
#& $
"
# 6
%
+1 $ , " /
2
+,
,
2+
+,
$
%
1.
*
1"+13 1 "
.
& .
$
. 2 #&
" .
+ /2
.
/ " .1 # 6 1 .
$
"1%
2
. " + $
%
+1
#& $
" .
4 &17 . 1 %& ,
. .
. 3 1 4
>
"1%
,
#& "
"
,
..
/ " .1 .*
%+ . 1"+1 . 1
2 $
. 0
. .
0
1/
"
# 6 1
+ ,
"
7
#" /
.,
# 6 1 0 " 1 % .# #+,.
4
0 % +
% "
.
, %
+1. ) 59 +
# 6 - %
+,
#& $
"
21
0
7 + ,» .
+
0
+ & + 4
# # 6 - %
+,
2
#& $
" " 5
4
+,
2 4 %1
" , # %. , "*
4
4 + 2 ,
*
% 0
.
# % +, $
«"
2 # # 6
2
+, 2 8
. $
2 0
,
%
+,», « "
. /&#
.
"+1
2,5 .+ &.
& ++
",
.*
.
* " + / >
2 &* #" + $ , 8 #
#..# & 5 .+ &.
/&* 2 & # 6 3 0
7 3 450 * 1$ %-
112
+,
4 #
", . . /&* & ,
. 0
%/
"
&. 1500 %
+, 1 . %
+, 1
+3 1
# 6 3 $#" "#3
1 %& , "
% 0
. !*
.
*
#
" ,
"
+,- " "
&
% %&
.
2 0
&
* ,
22
. #+, # * 6
# 6 » .
(
+
/
0 . +, $
«
#& $ 1
%
+ ., "*
.
& +
+,
/
+1. 8
*,
"
. +
,
+ & 37 .
+,> . "
. "
4
4,
6 1,
+ 1,
.
1
- ,
0 &
"+137 .
+, #3 0 +
$
#3
+#.
8 . 0+
+,%1
0
6
,
+,
> 4 "
4 & #%
"% 7
"
23
# 6 » .
&
1 1 2007 2. # 6 3 & " .
0
+
0 % &
%
+1 - .
(
2+ " 0 +
" .
! 4.#&
,
* "0 "*
+ , . #
# * # 6 2 0 + .
.
4
"
$
-. (
, !.
0 % &
# 6
. 3+1
*
#& + "
& +,
>
> 2 0
+ / "
$ .#
# 2#+
"
3
#
. /&#
&
5
6
" . 24
.
0 +
0 8
0
+ . .
0 >
# 6 12 %
«! ++
»
*+
% +, #3 « / # + . (
», 0
1
>
0 & /
%+ . # 6
- ++
$
+,
.*
25
«=
#»
&
%
. 0#
"- %" &$
"« 5 » .
5
6
"
0 +
( - ), 0 "17
+ /"
$ .# # 2#+
"
3
0 4 & ">
"
6
1 1
2007 2., .
*4 & + # 6
.
&/
0 &$
#+, $
# 6 1 2
"0 +
- %
+,
.0 6
.
2 # 2#+
"
1 « +,
2
+3&
+1,
" 2 #$
»,
"* % + 0 / +
, $
* 8
0 26
6
*+ % " >
6# 2008 2.
+ &#
" ,, $
# 6 - %
+,
>
1
+ , " 2009 2.,
0 $
" %
"
1
0 1/
+
%"1%*"
%
+ . "
*4 &
"
"
% "
6 2008 2.
0
% +3$ + 1 "
., $
%
+,
#7
" +
0 &
% " 2 $
%
+,
&
0 +
2 ,
0 % &
8
* =. +,.
0
+ # 6 3.
1 0 + & "
+,
,
*
%& + "0 $ +
, $
# 6 1 0 && / +
%
+, " " 0
0 &
1, $
+
+ .
.
0
"
?. &
# 6 1
% +
0+
4 %
+1,
0
6 1«
"
6»,
113
$
1
%# 0 + " %
%
+,
2o 0 % &
" # 27
.
6 3, "" 2+
#">
"
# 6 1 & +
%
+3 " " .1
"
2
..
. 29 1 " 1 2009 2. "
. 4 ! /&#
& 2 8
. $
2 5 #. "
"
% % + 1
& + 0 + 0 & +/ +, 2 8. 6
+, 2 "* #0+
1 0 % &
%
+1
-. (
.
, 0 "17
.
# 6
"
% .
2&
# 6
0 ., -.
+
.
8. 6
+,
" $ , %
+,
.# + & #,
" 11 %
+, " .
"
2
+ .
*4 /
+ , -. (
0
" + . . = & 2
,
+ "> ,
4"
#" .
.
2& # 6
0 ., -.
0
#+ #&
3, % 1" ", $
" &+1
2 %
$ + 1.
(
#0 = & 2
"*%*" + >
7
"
*
% 28
0 && / # "
4
4
. .
.,
# %*" + , " «Wall Street Journal», 0 " &
= & 2
"
. 8
. $
. 5 #.
@1 1+ ,, "
. $ + ,
/ +
. 0 "*
, "
2, #0 ">
0 + "* ""
" 3+ 2007 2. .
+3$
+,
0 8
0 $
, 0 &$
" + , " /#
+ , # 6
0 .,
> +
« %*2
, %
+, #3
#».
%"
, 0 " %" 7
" # 6 3 %
= & 2
0 "
" " +
* 1$
#
29
# 6 .
0 +
. 5+ 2 . .
#
0 1/
"
>
14 # 6
%
+1 0 " " +
2+ "
%
+,
2 !
.
. ,
*
% 1"+1+, $ 0 "
+, " = & 2
"
"
30
1 %
+,
,
.* +
. & 2 "
" , 1 .
2009 2., 2&
$ + & + , 0 "* > 2
"
"+
3
>
, !
%
+1 0 &0 $ +
2
,,
# #2#
,
5+
,
% ".
#
*4 & + # 6
" " .1 " %
" %
+, " " %. /
0
,
/
%#. # 6 1
" 0
1+ 8
6
+, ,
0 . ", $
" /
.
* 0 +#$ +
%
+1
% >
@ %& , "
%#,
0 1
, $ .
31
.
"# 2+# 4#/
" 0
4 & 0+ .
" .
1 "
2010 2. % .
+, 2+ "* !
.
0 0
. 1+
0# + $
+ # 6 2 0 +
.
++
2+#. ( + "*%" + , $
* " #$ ,
#0
" "1%
0
% . $
&
& +, 2 # 6 2
+ « +
" + "», "
. 2
* %
+,
+#/ * «!
&» 0 4 7 3 # 6 4 &
.
+,., 0 .
3
"+
%
+1, "
$
%
+,
114
# 6 4 "+
0 &
"+1
#2 %# "
7
# 6 , %
+,
. & 0+ .
.
#
..
% $ +, , 0 &
*. %
+,
4 ! , 2+ " !
%+1 .
.
.
" + 1 "
$
"
"
%" ,
%
*0 + , &
0 ., -.
.
,14# 0 0 + 2
2
$ , 1
,
#3 # 6
" #$ +
% .
+, 2+ "* !
%
+1 . 1+ . (
8 . 6
. 1 *+
"+
# %
+, *.
% ..
$ +
# 6 .# 0 +# 0 >+ , /& , "
&
.
2& 2 0 &
++
2+#
6 0 2+
+ "
,
1+
& . "
0 & + .# # . )
. # 6 2 & 0+ .
# & +
%
& " $ ,
0
"
2
"*
4
$ 4
+ 4 "
& +
.
1+
&" $
"
.
0 2+
+
+ - 5
/#
+
",
*. 2 0 &
1+
% 1" +
"
:«
" .
,$
&
/
, .*
#+*
. 1 .#,
+
+,
%
+,
5+ 2».
(
+
0 1+ .* +
%
2 , 0
+, # 1%* .
*0
*"
1
"+ & +.
0 %&
% 1" +, $ " 2
35-+
& 0+ .
$
0
*+
+, # % +, 2 80 % & .
$ +
1+
+ %" 1 , 1.
/ +
+#$ "> . 1
$
, $
% > + + > .
& +
. « #2
#&#
#" / ,, + >,
+ #"> ,
>
32
> .
,3», – % 1" + % .
+, 2+ "* !
%
+1 .
+ >, 2&
# 6 1 0 2 % +
%" , 0 + , . 1+
0
"
%"
1.
*
6 &
,
%# + " ,
% + 1
&"#
4
>
14.
"* "
# +
1
0 1/
" # 6 - %
+,4
>
14 0
% > + " .
2010 2.,
2&
%
+,
.
0 6 %
" + 2 #00# 2 #% "*4
+
(« + + 1 "
&*»)
0 "+1">#3 1
2#.
0 . 7,3
"
% .
%#+,
4
+
"
1
# 6 .
+ . «! " ! .
» 0 2 + 9 $ + " – 2 /&
# 6 .
0
" +
%
+1 "*0+
,
.0
6
.,1. 0 2 > 4 0
"
%"
1,
$
%
+,1
"
+
% ..
0 "* / &
0 +
%
, "*%"
2 % 4"
.
«5+
+
"
&*», " !
%
+1
$ + 2 "
,, $
0 + *
% *" & 0+ .
$
4
>
# 6
–
«+ >, " 0
" .
».
0
",
,
0* *" 1
+,
& "+
- , 0* + ,
0# 0 .
1
+,- " " .
115
2 ! .
% . 16 0 +
%
.
,1.
-=+ 8%
0
1+ 0 2+ >
*4 & + # 6
4.
"# 2+# "
+ 1
.
+ 2 + "
1 .
14#
=.
, «% *"> 4» 0 "
, "
$
.
. + " !
#
+
& + 0
" +, $
0 &
+,>
0 "
1+ ,.
( + 0 /
2
. +, " &
2010 2., 2& #6
0 /
*
0
"
+
#+ ,
%
+,
0 %*"
0 . 7 , %
%/ +
& /&
.12$
0 1/
"
>
14 &"#4
. &
2+ " !
%
+1
2
" +
% . &+
+, , "* #0 "
2 # *.
+
1. " &
*.
.
%" + .
*4 & + 2+ "# 0 "
+, "
# 6
+/ 6 . , % 1" ",
$ «
". > "
1 " " #
& +
*,
. 0 , &
17#3 1
#& + /,».
/,3
.
%" + + " 2+ "* # 6 2 !
., $
# 6 1 2
"
#& $ ,
%
+ .,
8
&
%*"
1
.,
*
+
#+ ,
0 %*"
0 . 7 " " .1 0 /
. + . (
8 . 2+ " * & 0+ .
%
+1 % 1" +, $
/ &
%"
%
+1 1"+1
1 « +
$ .
2+ ,3»
*
*. ( ., -.
.
14#, &
0 * 7
+,
% 2 ">
0 1.
5
6
.
., 0 + 8 4 % 1"+
"0 "*
>
+,
. / " + 1
2 "*
%*"
% 1" +, $
2+ " !
#0 +33
. $
"* / , 0 % 6 3 0 "
+, "
%
+1 .
&
"
2 2+ " 0 "
+, " " $ + .
" . .
.
*4 & +
+
" / *.,
/ +
.
# 6
, – 0 % 6 1 %
+1
0
2 "
4
# 2#+
"
%
"
#2 «! " ! .
»
+ ,
0 +
.
@1"+11
"*4 «
6 14» 0
" %
+1, 2+ "
!
# 6
4.
"# 2+# % 1" +, $
%# 0 >
,0
2 "
"
@1 1
1 «0
+ . . " #
+ 6
2 0 "
+, " » %
+1.
*">
2 &
!
&.
8+,, 30 +
% &
$ ">
" 3
, # "
*.
. 0
+, " "
. #+ ,
" " .
",3
%3.
" +, $
0 5
+, * & 0+ . *
%
#& #+ & +
* 0 + &
5+
,
, #"*,
* "*
+
2 «
0 +
$
0
* # " ,»,
34
%&#" 1 8. 6
%*2 *" 1
#« 6
+,
2 &
» .
# 6
.
*4 & + .
"# 2+#
" +, $
0 +
*
«! " ! .
» # 6
"
0
.
4 & %
.*>+
+,
116
%
+,
0 &
"
+ 0 " + $ *
#
0
2 "
",
+,
% *+
5 .#+
" *
*
2+ >
,
" $ 37 4 # 6 .
"
1. "
>
%"
.0
6 , &
" « "1%
% 2+
1. "
+ 6
. 0 "
+, "
%
+1 8
2+ >
1
*+ 0
" 35
* " / % ,» .
( + 0
> &> 2
5+
+
0 &
"
+ &"#4
" >+ " 0 6 +, #3
.
3 0
,
%&
#3
&+1 %#$
1
1 +, "
6 &
"*1"+
1"
" *4.
0# 1 . 2 . 16 "
$
0 " + $ & + & . /&# &
.
" 2+ "
/ 5
( +.
. *+ 0# +
" . ( &" 2 #"
%
&
" 1 %
+,
4
+ "*4
# # 0
% 4"
+1
4
7
0
/
.
#& ", "
* & + &
. $ 3 , $
.
1 +
&
%
+ .
%
0
4"
0 "+137 4 1 #&
#& "
%
* 4
.!
"* /
1& "> 4 5+
+ 3 "*%" +
, % *
1 "
" & + & ,
*
$+
8 #
6
"#
+ . *. 4 & .,
/ + 2#.
36
6
.
( 1"+
&
2 & + & ,
+ & " +
/ & ,,
0 " +
& +,
> .#
" ,.
, % .#
3 #6 - %
+,
4
>
.
+ &#37
& , 0 + 0 1"+
1 $
.
*4 & + # 6
.
"# 2+# %"#$ + 01 , . ,
* 0 "
+, "
# 6
.
0
1 , 0
>
3
%
+3:
1. "
& 0+ .
$
>
1 . /&# &"#.1
.
& # " 1 "
*4
0
+, ", "* + " %
*
" 4 & 0+ .
" "*>
% $
2
2 .
2. ) .
% ,"
2+ >
1""
5
.
3. (
1 , . * &+1
0 $
1
0 01
"
2 0
&" /
1""
$
$
& % . 2 . 1.
4.
0 % " ,
+
&*
% ,
"> ,
" ! /&#
& * #&.
5.
" , " #&
* " 4 0
& "> 4 #$
"
«5+
+
"
&*»,
# 6 4,
*4.
(
"
3
* # 6 3 0
#+ 0
+ %
+1
"
"*
0
"+
*
%
+,
& 0+ . *, # " , & 0+ .
$
4
>
*+
/
&
0
"
2
1, *+ 0
"+ * "
# 6 - %
+,
"
-
117
- 4 $
& 2 " * % 1"+
, $
0 & . " 0
+ 2
.
+
&*
%* " ! /&#
& . #& "
2
,
6, 0
" 0 ., -.
%
+1 .
,14#,
.
* =.
,
$ +,
>
. >
% ,
. &#37 2 "
-.
.
+ . ). !
.
1&
5 6
" #&
0 &
"+
" . /&#
& *
#&
*
6
"
1. " #
" 4 "*> #0 .1 # *4 & "137
*4 # 6 4
"
" .
*> #0 .1 #
% 1"+
, 2+ "
, + " = & 2
., $ " + &#37
% # 6
"
-.
+* #&#
0 " /& ,
+ , " %#7
"
% 2#.
* 2 #%, "
+,- " " " 0
1+
"#3 0 2 ..# 0
%
3 & "+
1
%
+, – 0 2 ..#,
1 1"+1
1
+, 0 & +/
.
6
"*, "1%
« +
+
"
&*»,
+,
0 4 &
% . #.
& #2
*,
+
$ " & : "
0
1
>
# + , & "+
+,- " ",
# 6 - %
+,
%
% 0
"
$
0
0
5 . #
1"
5+
.
0 +,%# 0 + & 2 "*" & 2 "
/
1& & #2 4
1 +, ". 6
1 1 .
# 6
0 " 0
. " 3% =.
2*> % 1" +, $
%
$
0 2 .. .
0# +
0 0 0 " &
3 # "*4
%" &*"
+, *4
""
$
$
& % . 2 . 1,
0 .* 37 4
3/ *.
2 .
"
0
14, 2&
#/ *
% $
+, * % 0 * 0
& 2 2 % .
0 0 &0
+
%
+ ., 2 0 .
"
.
2+ > 1
8
. $
%
,
2+
*. 8
*5
$
0 & + + . /&#
0 .* 37
.
#$
& % . 2 . 1
$ +
. 0
"*
*
5
2 % . ! /&#
. 0 "
+, "
" 0 &0
+
& 2 "
.
.0
“Noble Energy”
$ +
%
#0 2 2 % " 2 .
/&
1 "
0
%
,
*
$ + ,"
1
2011 2.
5
8 4
*
% 1" + , $ " 0
*4 8
. $
4 %
4 0
, 0 8 .#
*
. 3
0 "
$
,
.
* 0 & *$ 8
2
+ .
1 0 ,
.
8
2
# 6
. <*+&*% % 1" +,
$
#/
%+ #0
+1 ,
0
.
*,
=.
2*>
*
0 2 % +, $
+
0
1
$
*,
0 "
8 .# #$
# "
"
-.
+*,
38
& + + 8 " 2008 2.
118
&
$, &
+,
0 . 8
1 1 " 4 &
"*> #0 .1 # 2
",3
+
.0
« +,- / %
» 0 ., -.
# 6
/ % 1" +, $
#/
0 &0
1 ,
> 2 0 0
7
3 &
& *$ 8
2
+
%
+ .""
$
$
& % . 2 . 1. ; 1 = & 2
&
+ %
" +,
> 2
#&# 0 &0
1 *, 8
+ " ,
0 %"#$ ">
".
% 1"+
.
0 "
# 6 4 " -.
4
+ "
% , *+ 0 %" * 0
% , 6 +,
*–
+,
. , & +3
0 &
17
& *$
5
2 % ""
$
$
& % . 2 . 1,
+, 0 & " & , "
"
-0 +
$
"+ 1
" 8
$
& % . . ,1.
+
# 6
8
#&
1,
8
& 0 + +, *. 5
. & "+
1
+,- " ", 0
+, # % +,
"
-.
+* " 0
& "
& 1 +,
#&#
. ,
, % 2
#
, 0
#
"
2 . 39
/
2
$ , " %. /
%
+, 1 .
( %/
# 6
!
7 +
«0+
» –
"
"
-.
2
# 6 ,
1 0 &0 + 2
#7
"
7 "
$ +
+
#& " ! " " $
$
& % . . ,1, . .
0
& "
#2
6
40
%
+ . .
0 + "" &
1.
0
" %
+1 # 6
0 ., -.
"
1
2011 2. 0 " + 1 " 0 %& # 0
. «0
& ">
"
*» – 2 0 ,
" 3, #
.
"* #0 + 0
& .
.
*4 & +
2
4
2 #&
" "
, 2+ "
.
"* #0+
1
+
%
+,
1
.
$
# 6
0 +
+ 2 .
4 ,
.
0 .
. 1 0 % 6 1, % 1 1 = & 2
. "
> 41
%
+1, 0 "* +
2 0 0#+1
, "
. .
.
( + /
%
+1
0+ & .
" " " .1 #0
+ / .#
# « %
> 2
0 >+
"
"
$
.= & 2
.
. , $ "*%" +
0 & +
*
42
0
1 " # 6 » .
0
+ %"
*
# 6
/#
+
!. .
&, «0 &0 + 2 + ,, $
.
0 % &
"*
/
. +
$
4 % . $
# 6 .# 0 ., # 0 " 0
. %
+1 ( +
*,
>
1 . /&#
> 2
.
1 1. &
0 +#$ + ,
:"
$
.* = & 2
% + , & #/
"
43
0+ & "
» .
« 2+
# 6
%. 7
"
*4
&
" 0 & %
.
+,
#& "+ "
+
119
> 2
, $ , 0
+ " .
& , &.
6 1
.*
/ + + " & ,
$ 2 & #2 2 ». 7
& . " / *. 0#
.
2 "
"
+
%
6
0
"
.
# 60 ., ,
.
0 &
"
+ % 1" +
0 + .
"0 &
"%2+1& " 0 " 0
#
6 , 0 "+
*4
. #
44
/ . "
» .
( " 0
# %
+1 .
.
+ 1
. .= & 2 #
0
,
: «( +
,3
%
*"
&" ,, .12$
/
45
5 .#+
" "
>
%
+1» .
%
+,
%
+ 0+
"
*4 &
"
"
>
# 6 . 9
1 1 %
+,
!
7 +
%&
$
2 #00* " 2+ "
.
.
*4 & + %
+1 .
.
.,
1 & +/
%
, 0
0 &+ /
., $
. /
0 &0
1 , %
+,
2 #&
"
0
" # 6 .
& 0 &0 + 2 .*4 . :
%
+,- " " . 0 +
$
2
,
+3$
, "
- 4 $
2
&
" 1
$
0
# &
( 2
% 6 ,0 %
" # 6
$
);
- %"
$ "
"
2
# 6
.0
,
"
. $ + 0 &
"+
%
0
"
# 6
0 "+
;
- &
"
.1
.# " 0
#( 8
6 +,3 0+
" + ,
"
$
.
0 &
"
+1.
.1
4 +
46
4
# # " - ) .
«
0
( &0 + /
1 .
*4 & +
.
.
. «
%
1» # 6 ,
/
"0
, *+ / " 0
1 " # 6 40 +
$
4 #2 4. ( & &
+,
+
2
6
+, 2
1 # 6
/.
$
% 1" +:
«=
% "
"
% 1"+
…
3
,
$
>
1.
. 2# 0 "
& +,
> .
47
+ /
1.» .
!
*4 & + # 6
.
"# 2+#
0
5
6 , " $ 1
" 0
* /#
+
" 0 0 " &# " %. /
0 . 7
%
+1
$
0
# &
,
% 1" + + &#37 : « " 0
4
, *
%. . % +,,
" 1 1 "
"
1
, & +/
"
1 "
"
. ( 1"+
0 &
*4 +#4 " " 0
"*%*"
0 " &+ "
" %.#7
…
> 0 "
+, " & +/
0 "
+ & "
"
"#37 .
% .
2
" ,.
. /
0
" ,
" +
0 + /
,
0
120
& +/
0* *" ,
>
+*,
8
> 0
6 0 +, 1
0 % 6 1. %
+, %
, $
& & + ,, $
* + " &
48
" ,
% & "
1» .
# 6 - %
+,
>
1
+,%1
.
" ,
"
7 2
# 6
" >
0 +
. (
7 >
%
+ . 0 "+ 1
+,
# 6 3
%
+,,
0 " &
/
. 2 0+
"*. %.
1.
" # 6
" > 0 +
$
0
& 2. .
# 6 1
1 «.12
+ »,
1 0 & / "
1 0 +
«
#
" 10
+ .
&1. » , + & "
+, , 4
1
"
*
%
+ ., +
"
1 «/
+ », . 37
+
+, * 5+
"
$ .
& % . . , ,
2& 0
7
"
>
1
%
+ .
4
1
"
0
+ .*
&1. .
#/&* 2 "
,, $
0
4 &
«.12
»
+*
«/
» –
. 1 .
. 5 % . # 6 1 . /
, + &#
& 1 , 1, &
"
+,
0 "
% &
+
. 0 +
$
. 0
6 0 .,
*4 0 & / " + 1 # 6
.
*4 & +
.
"# 2+#.
$ , 8
#&
% "
,
2 ,
2+
1
+
%
+, #& "+ "
,
"
1
# 6 , "1%
*
6 &
., 0
> &> . 5+
+
"
&*.
&,
% "> , 0
%"
1 "*0+
, .0
6
.,1.
0 2 > 4, %
+,
1
+,
3%
,
"+1
" , + /
% 0
2 0
&
.
+ &#
#0#
, % " &#, $
# 6 - %
+,
5+
# $ / +
" %. /
, &+1
* 2
, +3$ "#3
+, " .
. 0 6
+ / .
.
0 &$
"
# 6
0 + + 2 . & %, «
+,
*
#+ 6*
0+ &
" +
= & 2 #, &
4 0 , 0
%
+,
% 4 $ , # 6 1
#49
& " +3$
"8
0 6
» .
+ " 0 +
"
.
!.
.
8
. +
" " &#,
2& ,
" $ 1
" 0
* /#
+
"
%
&
" 0
2
"
, 0 &$
#+: «(
%
+ . %"
. + % 6 1
>
&"#4
0 $
" + & " .
* 0 6
+ / .
».
, # % ">
/ , $
# 6 1
& +/
2 "
,
1
+
&*
%*
& . %# + " ,
0 . + 0
& $
"
* " 0
2 "
4
%
+1. « +
* 8
6
"
" + ,
0 +0#
" "1%
2
%
+1
"
% ,
*
0 $ + " / * " + & " + / "
$ *
.
* 0 6
,"#
"+
+,
"
2
».
121
$ *" 1, $
% 0 + &
7 . 16 " 2011 2.
"
. /&# &"#.1
.
" + 2,7 .+ . & ++
", 0 $ . %
+, 1"+1
1 17-. 0
0
# *
. # 6 , "
" .1
# 6 1 – 6-. *
. &+1 %
+1, &
' +, 2
%
+1 .
>
# %*"
, $
0
1
50
2 0
,
# 6 1,
&
1 %
+3 $ , &
2 .
# 6 1,
%
+, /# 1 " &*. " " .
.
&
# #0 . ( "& , %
+,
!
+
#3
"
2 &
" &
. +#$ , # " /& 1, $
0
%"
"*0+
.0
6
$# ,
#& 1
0
. &/# %
+1, & / ,
0
", 0 & .#
2 " 2+ % 4
51
.
"
7
"
.
.
., 4 1 2 "
,
0 +
. + % 6
#6 - %
+,
4
>
* > .8 0 0
0 4 &
1, #/ "
1
2011 2. . /
.
, %"
* 0 &" /
" 8 .
0 "+
.
7 + «
#
" % »
5 .
"
*
$
" %
+,
.
, " + / >
" .1 "
>
14 . /&# %
+ .
# 6
. /
0
%
«
0
0+
». (
+ " . 8 2
$ , 0 60 +
# 0 ., -.
%
+1 .
14#
#& + , &
, 1 « 0 & +
2 "% . 0
.
1»
# 6. !
.
5 .
5 .#+
"
%"
,
*
2
"0
%
+, %
6 &
#& . «! " ! .
»
" 2010 2.
$ .. 2 "
, 0
,
*
0 &
"
+1. 0 "
+, "
# 6
0 & +/ 3 1 #/
0
1
"
0+ &*. =
0 1"+1
1 4 1 * "
., $
0 ., -.
# 6
. . = & 2 , & #2
" & * # 60 +
% + ,
%
+,
.
* %
+1 0 &
"
+1. # 6
00 % 6
+ 6
0 & +/ 3 1.
7
& . " %. / *. 0 %
. 2 1&#7 2 0
0+
1
+ 0
%& " %
+, 17
1 1 2011 2.
+,>
& + 2 6
# 6 4 /#
+
".
2& - ,
%#.
1, 0 &
* " % *
*+ " 0 1& " 7 ,
+ *
8 " .
1.
&
0 + " %
"
1 %
+,
- # 6 2
%
. 2 0 . 1+ ,.
%#.
1, %
+,
!
" +
" 4
"" # 6 ,
# 6
" %
+ ,
+
2 .
7
1, " 0 "* & , " 2 " %
2
%
* 0
+
# + . #3
+, 6# « & $ = .»,
%
. + , " &#7 . 1 .
+ & "
1.
"
+ ,
122
37 . %& , " .
0+ .
. – # 6 .
#$ *. , 0 " &17 .
".
%
+, 1 .
#$ *
%*
1 "
+
2
0 ,
" $ . /
.
% # 6 .
4 & "
$ 0 %"#$ +
">
#/
*$ *.
+ "
., $ 0 +
–0 +
,
>
1 . /&#
& .
+ , 0 / . .
, . /
* ,, 0 >+ " .1,
52
$
* 8 0 1+
0 +
? .
#2 . " / *. > 2 .
+ 0
& $
%
+ . # 6
"
6
1 1 2011 2. 01
0 +
*4 +
+, *4 00 " «;
»,
0 "+
*4
&
#. %"
, $
"
1
2011 2. 0 ., -.
# 6
. .= & 2
"
+ 5 6 +, *
# + . "
#>
" 4
1% +, ", % +3$ 37 4 1 " ., $
% 12 "
" %" 7
8 4 ( .
7
+
% $
+,
"
,3 1"+1
1
, $
% +,
4
0
*+
# 6 #3 "
#3
%# &+1
.
«
0 +
"»,
#7
"+137 4
+3&
%
# &
.
0
. . =
0 "
0 1"+
%
+,
4
0 6 +
" " # 6
0 +
1
>
. /&#
&"#.1
. , 0 %" +137
2 "
,
" %
"+
%+,
- # 6 2 "
2
#& $
" .
&
.
" 8
2
# 6
0 &" 2+
%
0 & +/
5 2 %
%" & $ *4
"
& % . . .
, " &#7 4 1
".
*. # + 1.
%
+1
0 .
2+
% 1"+
3 .
" , &
*
*
%
*
.
4 0 " &
%
2+
"
1
" . % "
*.
. (
,
# 6
# 6
0# +
0 )
%&
& 0 +
+, #3
0 1/ ,"
2
.
/
$
"
. $
, $
2 "
,
$
+, . "
"+
>
. /&# %
+ .
# 6
" 0 / .
@ . 0
0 4 &
1, " 1& + 8
0
% &
,> +
2012 2.
/ " .1 0 & +
*
&" 2
+ 6 , 8
. /
" +1 ,
& /&#,
% +8
53
$
.
",3
5 . 2
"#
. 5 &
#
$
" 0*
"
+,- " " & 0#XV
%*" &
. '
# %*"
, $
0
" .
0 1/
" %
+,
- # 6 4
>
14 % +3$
* & 2 "
0 & +/ +
#7
"+1 , 1 & 0 + & 2
" .
.
% *"
+ 0
,
$
4
0 +
2 ,
0
> +
+ $
* # " ,,
2&
123
.= & 2
% + 1
7 , 1
0 % &
.
%
+1
-. (
."
"
. 0 +
6 &
«5+
+
.
»
*
0 && /
$
2
% 6
; ! ,
% *"
>
+
.*.. (
8 .
2 & 1
#/
* ,
*+ 7
+,
. 16 "
% &.
+ &#
% *" ,, $
# 6 1 1"+1
1 $+
.
,
0 &
%
+3,
2 $
. 0
. - "
2
.
0 1/
*
&* 0 % &
. .
.
2
. - ;. +
, " & . , & +
0 & +
*
%#+,*.
%
"* / 1 ,, = & 2
2 & 1 0*
1 « + % ,
&
" »,
$ , "*
% + %.
2 $
1 0 + & "
+,
, &
"
* > 2
# " & "
# 6
"
+
" >
0 +
,$
2 " 1,
$ ,0 1
.
" &
+,
&
/ .*4 6 + ,
*.
. /
0
,0 /
" " " . +
*. " "% .
>
14
&1. .
.
4 & . 0 1 ,, $
"
> . + / . "% *" 0
.
2
. /
* ,
+,
&
+ & ,
*
# 6
+
.#-+
& #2 .# 8 2
4
+ ,.
2 & 1
" %
+ , " # 6
#7
"#3 2 #00* 0 +
" (" # 6
8
% $
+,
$ + "* > 4 5 6
"),
*
$
3 ,
$ " %"
0 / .
>
1. . /&#
. &
40
54
.
+
/ *. /
.
0# 0 .
1
+ "* #0+
% .
+1 .
*4 & + %
+1 . 1+
" 7
« %
+, "
"
%. 137
1
2 », 0 " &
.
2+
.
+
$
. 6
.
“Chatham House” (
& ) "1 "
2012 2. . 1+ , " $
,
% + + &#37 : «!* "*
6
. # 6
% +,
&*. # 6 1 1"+1
1 " +
,
" 2&
*+ .
. . /&#
. ) 0 & .. %
+, $ , 4 $
" ",
. + % " ,
>
1
# 6
.
0 >+ . 2 &#
>
2 "*
>
1 "*
+
33%,
"*
%*"
1
/ +
, $
*
>
&*
#& $ + "
"
".
%
"
2+
1. !* "
. "
, $
4 & .
% , 1
0 "
6
*4 "*
%*"
,
4
., $
*
* 1 5+
+
«! " ! .
» *+ % 55
+
1+
0 &$
#+: «!* & +/ * 4+ &
"
* *» .
"
&#. ,,
" .
. #
#&#
0
"1% "
56
+
8
.
,0 +
# » .
" 0
., $
%
+,
2 $
1 $
,
0
% +3$ +
2+ >
1 "
+
*,
8
+ /
124
. /
0
" " ,
#
0 1/
"
& % . . , , %
+,
& 0+ .
"
-+
>
1 %
+1
& #2 .
.
& +/ * " 0
. , 1
#2 % 0
" &
0
" # 6 . !*
. " 8
0 0
#
5
2 % ".
6
0
2 2 5 $
+ %
,3.
8
0 $
0
8
& +/
* , #& "+ "
. "
$
57
+ ,
" # 6 » .
6 + .. /
" ,, $ #+#$>
. /&# # 6
%
+ . 0
% &
, #&1 0
6
#/
$ + 1. .
. # " ,
>
+ &
2
2 # " 1
2 $
2 0
. + .
"
&
1990-4 22. (
8 .4 + &
. /&# * > .
# " &
+1. &"#4
" .1 #&#
%*" , 1
. /2 #&
"
*4
1
$ .
+, $
« "
2
#2 4
,
.
2
. " "1%
+,%# " ..
"
2>
.#, 0 #/ " 1&
" ,
& "
7 & +2
>
14.
"
Türk Dı8 Politikası Kurtulu8 Sava8ından Bugüne. Cilt I. 1919–1980. Istanbul, 2000, c. 647–648.
2
Ibid.
3
Cumhuriyet, 09.03.1966.
4
Cumhuriyet, 08.04.1966.
5
Vatikiotis P. Conflicts in the Middle East. L., 1971, . 25.
6
Huriyet, 13.10.1973.
7
2
, 1973, 1 46, . 10.
8
Dünya, 03.12.1980.
9
Christian Science Monitor. Boston, 11.12.1980.
10
http:/politikadergisi.com/okur/makale.
11
Milliyet, 07.05.1997.
12
21. 2007, 1 1 (5), . 59.
13
Dursuno7lu . Stratejik ittifak: Türkiye – Israil ili8kilerinin Öyküsü. Istanbul, 2000, . 32.
14
http:politikadergisi.com.
15
Türk Dis Politikasi. Cilt II. 1980–2001, . 573.
16
Türkiye ve Orta Do7u Tarih Kimlik Guvenlik. Istanbul, 1999, . 181–190.
17
Ibid.
18
Türk Di8 Politikasi cilt II: 1980–2001.
19
www.zerkalo-nedeli./com/nn/show/493/46477.
20
Star Gazete, Radikal, 18.02.2006.
125
21
www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/caucas1/msg/2007/05/m90635 htm.
Ibid.
23
Ibid.
24
USAK (Uluslararasi, Stratejik Ara8tirmalar Kurumu) Stratejik Gündem.
13.11.2007.
25
Milliyet, 13.11.2007.
26
Yeni Sabah, 28.11.2007.
27
Bölme S. Gazze'
de kattiam, Seta Analiz. Ocak, 2009, . 4.
28
www.uan.Ru/world/20090202/160791840.html.
29
Rosen S. Erdogan and the Israel Card // Wall Street Journal, 10.06.2010.
30
!
–
:
http://news.israilinfo.ru/politics/38 298.
31
Ibid.
32
5
, 1 3, 13.01.2010.
33
http://news.israelinfo.ru/politics/38298.
34
http://news.israelinfo.ru/politics/38298.
35
Hürriyet, 03.09.2011.
36
http://rusian eurasianet.org/node/58859.
37
Hürriyet, 05.09.2011.
38
Milliyet, 12.09.2011.
39
http://analitika.at.ua/news/2011-09-30.
40
#
, 1 37, 19.09.2011 http:/lenta.ru/articles/2011/09/09.
41
Milliyet, 20.09.2011.
42
".
43
".
44
".
45
".
46
. .9
#
.2
# (http://lenta.ru/articles/2011/09/09).
47
Milliyet, 11.09.2011.
48
Milliyet. 11.09.2011.
49
Milliyet. 15.10.2011.
50
www.news.az/authors/119.
51
www.news.az/authors/119.
52
www.vestikavaza.ru/article/politika/geo, 17.11.2011.
53
www.vestikavkaza.org/politika/geo/46945.html, 23.11.2011.
54
www.kavkazoved.info/news/2011/11/17.
55
www.cnnturk.com2012/dunya/01/17/israilden turkeyye mesaj vav/index/html.
56
Ibid.
57
Ibid.
22
126
. .&
9
<(
!
0
+ &
"
%
&
+,>
1
+
%
1
$
(
9
XXI ".
. (
" 0+
2
,
'
.
$
'
2
0
.# 1"+1
"
8
2
1
-
1 " /
,
2
0
%
0
2
%
1
"
* " 0*.
/ " .1 0 &
1
+,
.
2
2
" .
.# % $ 3
0 "*>
2 "
2 % $
1,
"
0
5+
", $
%
"+1
2 "
,
" /
0
1
.*
2
+,
% 0
, 0 1"+
8+ .
"
.*
+3& . " 0 + &
2 &* (
2
% 6 1
.
2 =
. $
2
#& $
" , "
-.
1 0 2 ..
«
.
1 2 .
1»
.
1 "
-.
1
2 #00
0
" 2 "% . &
" 1,
+
%"
1 0 &
2
.
. «Blackseafor»).
.
% .,
" % 6 1 & #2 4 " &#7 4 2 #&
" .
"
.
0
.
2
. /
#7
"
0 "+ 1 ,
"
-0 +
$
+ &
+
. .
, $
"
0
& # 6
& #2 . " &#7 . $
.
. 2 #&
" .
4 & .
, "* .
0
0 $
3 "
"
% 0
.
8 .#
/
0 & + " 3
0
,
$
4
"
5
, $
# 6 1
"
1 " ?
+
0 &+,
,
+
.
1 +,
" "* #7
"+
. 2 "
0 +
, 0 %" %.
, 0 + /
# 6
+,
"
.
.
2
,
" & #2 4,
+
& +
*4
4 + / 2
.
"# # 6
0 +
"+1
6 06 1
3
8
2
$
% 0
.
+
127
+
-% "
"
(! " ( ,
)
% %
0 1%% " !
XXI .:
"1 +1%%, 1 %, # ' !%
.
" ,
*
+,
" *
0
*
0#
"
$ #3
"
#3 " 0#,
" % " '
+, #3 % 3.
$ 1
1990-4 22. " " >
0 +
# 6
.
2
+ " 0
. , 1 " 0 "#3 $
&,
&
$
" /
> 4
..#
6 .
"1%
8 .
" * 0 +
$
% & $
# 6
?
. .
. /
4
% " ,
.+
0 $
3 0 +
$
" % 0
"
2
.
.
# 6 1, 0 .
3
+3&
+ ,
2 & 1 2
+ / #3 0
3, "
0
+ &#
+, 6 + :
1)
% "
.
0 " & , "
2
" 3
0 +
#,
"1%
#3
7
0 % 6
.
2) *2
,
.
. +,
"*2 &
&+1
1
8
2
$ 4
4
8
2
$
4 . 6 14
( # 6 1 0
++ +,
#$
"#
" & + 2 "
#2
2
0
« / * 0
»
#
#37 2
. 0
«
#
» 0 0
"
8
2
+
" " 0# "
4 &
&
6 ).
3)
, 1 "
2
#
0 %
2
2
+, 2
4
+ &
.
( +
.
0 &
# 6 1
0
*
&
+
,
2 "*
2 & 1>
& , $ " &
5
, $
&
,"+
*4 6 +
. /
+ >, 0
# + "
0
. 2 "
-.
2 0 " 4 & "
&
+,*.
.
.
2
2
, $ 2 0+
.
&
"
1.
.
% ., 2 0 +
$
. 6
%
"+13
# 6 3 % &#.*" , 1
" ?. 0 + /
"
"
2 . 1. # 6 1
1 $+
.
,
, 0
6
1&
4 0 +
+ 2 " ( . "
6
& .), 0
+ &#
0 /& " 2
"
* 6 +
1"+1
1 5+ 2.
.
"
0 +
..
.
1 0
128
# %( ' 2, %
0 1%% , ,
. , % . # + ," , % %
" (%
-% "
"" 2 ,3
$
"
" 2 " + & "
0 $
2
+,
% 0
# 6
.
"
1 0 " & . 1
6 +, *.
! 0
2+
"
3
0
6 1 «
. 12 .
1».
%&
10
6
"
# 6
" 2004 2., 8
0
6 1 0 &# .
"
0
1
0
# " ,0
#+
" + .
# 6 2 5+
& #2 4
-$+
" «
. 2 .
» ?
2 . 1
+3&
% 0 & %
+, *.
#& . 0
.#7
"
" 32 -% 0 &
$
0
/,1.
"
"#37 .
0 1 1 0 " &1 1 .
2004 2.
"1 4 6 +, – 0 +#$
0 + *4 &
"
*4 &
*4 0
&" /
#& " "
2
"
*
0 %
" " %. /
5
0 & +
.
. 0
" %
& 1 +,
.
& "
!
# 6
.
"
8
.
0 1
«0 + 2 » &+1
0*
1
"*4 "
*4
+
0 1&
" %. / 2
0 +,% "
1
.
"
-.
2 #00* 0
" 2 "% . &
" 1 &+1 0
" &
" 1
6
%.#
0
3 #/ 1 .
" 2 0
/
1" 2
.
6
" 1 > 2
# 6
"
0 "+
%&
1
.*
"
% 0
, + &#
.
,, $
# 6 1 #&
& +
0 +,% " , 0
6 + " 2 #$
1 "
%+ $ *4
. /&#
& *4
2
% 6 14 (
= ,
, «
.
1
2 .
1»,
.
1"
-.
1 2 #00
0
" 2
"% . &
" 1) &+1 # +
1 " 2 "+ 1 1 "
. .
2
.
. + " /
% $
.
+, 1 #2 %
%. , $
0 #/&
# 6 3
"
%" " ,
7
&
% 2+ " *4 % & $
$
" %. /
.
0
8 . 1"+1
1
2
% 6 1
"
0
",
0
2
2 " 2
7
1
.
.
2
2
.
""
" (
!
=
.
2
2
"
$
.#
" .
,
,+
(
1 %
$
,,%2,
-% " : ,
- 0 1 %6
0'"%! ,
"
"%2
% %"
,
$ .
,
.
2
2
*
#0 *4
2
+, *4
% $
0 "*>
2
129
.
"
" "*4
2
%
$
%&
1,
1 855
.
2
2
>
1 &"#4
"1%
8 .
1)
* #3
7 "
2) % . *
"
+
"
0
5+
". (
8 . " 0+
.* "
% 0
" /
% $
0
3
> 4$
.
4
–
# 6 .
4 & . #$ *" ,:
# 6
% + &
" "
2
,
" 4 ! (
* # 6 ).
# 6
–
" 8
. $
.,
.
.
"
#0
, #
.
>
2000- 22. ("
+ $
1990-4 22.) " # 6 4 0 +
$ #2 4 0
% >+
7 1 0
6
+
0
0
"
"
2
. .
3 # 6 1
$
+
+,
& / "
?
. .
,
4 & .
$
, 1. 6
# 6
" &
. +#$
&
.
" ,,
%#.
1,
$
%
1 5
$
2 0 + &
1
. .
. # 6
5+
1"+1
1
#0
> ."
-.
.
&
."
2
, 4 10
+ $
"#
+ 6 "
1 .
0
.
0 " 4 & " , #..
1 2 " 1 . 7, !
# 6
1 0 6 +
.
1
1,5,
8
% 6
"
8
1, $ " " 4 6
4 0
0
"
0 +,%#
. #.
..
. & "
# 6 4 !
4 & 0 /& " 2
%
2 0
6 + ,
*.
0 + 2
1
* " +#$
2
+ % 6
0 %" +
"
# ,
0
+ &
"
2
.
=
. /
@1
,
>
, 0
1
"
.
6 +,
% 0
# 6
"
1
2010 2. " "1%
%. 1. , "
? *. "
2 3
6
+,
% 0
,
$
#3
01 , +
( .
6 06 1
6
+,
% 0
,
0 . ., *+ 0
1
24.10.2005 2.).
2+
8
"
& 6 , "0 "* 0 +
%" +
1
+
.
" , 1 # 6
0
6 +, *
0
"
.
>
# 6
*,
.
1
0 6 &
0+*
>
1 . /&# &"#.1
. " 0 + &
0
&, . /
@1 1 , 1 ., $
# 6
# " & "
+3$
" %. /
# +
1
0
$
"
9
2
# 6 2 «0
? "» % "+ 1
"
2
.
0 $ .,
2 & 1>
& , 0
6 +
# 6 2
#& $
" &
$
" + .
* #/& 3 1 & #2 " & #2 . # 6 1
.
1
0 $ , #$
4
130
2
! "
".
. 0
" &
"
. #2 % .
. .
, $
"1%
0 /& " 2
1 *. & "+
.
#
* ,
$
37 4
4 & .*. " +3$ ,
.
"
% #0 " &
1 0
6
«
" * # + 1». " % #3 1
. .
0
"% . &
"
#.*
+2
.
8 .
. " 2005 2 &# 0 &0
*
2+ > 1
%&
4
.
. 0
/,
.
4
10
"
-.
4
%.
( .
3 # 6
*,
*. 0 $
.
" % 6
@ & ? *4 "
-.
4
+ +
"
. .
1"+13 1 / +
# " & "
+,1
#
" ,
+, % . > # .
0
"
8
2
+
"
2
,
/
.+
% , % $ .
, # 0 >%" " 37 2 1 & + 2 . /&# # 6 .
.
11
5+
. . (
"
2 0 &4 &
"* #0
# 6 1,
1 0
1
/
1 " 2 "+ 1 1 "
2
" +#$
0
1
2 0
#
" 1 "
.
.
"
.
2 #00
"
( # 6 1
0
1
" %
" 6
0 + " 4 1936 2.
#. ,>
1 " 2 "
" &#7 2
2
+, 2 "
2
2
).
0 " &+ "
$
3 , $
"
.
.
2
&
"#
& $
+ $
"
# #
. 4
%. ",
* "
1855
"
0
" &
" " , " %. / *. "*% " .
12
#3 0 % 6 3
* 0 +
,3
%& +13 "
#2 % ..
!
" , $
1, $
0 1"+
"
2
"*4 2
",
. 37 4 & +2
$ *
*, % $
#3
"0 & 37
0 % 6 1.
& +, *4 0 $
.
4
, 0
+ >,
% #> ,
% 2 4 #0
+
+
" &
13
+ %
" ,
# 6 3 "
2 . 1.
4 /#3
$ #%
1 "*
%*"
1&
+3&
+ .
,0 .
3
0 +
+ 2
. !# &1 , 0 + /
/ 2
" % ,
% "> 2 1"
17
" .1 " 6
" .
1 #0 *4 & / "
( - ,
,
+
,
# 6 ), . /
" .
.
,
+
#1%" .*.
$ %
1
% 0
.
. $
,$
% "> , " &
*4 2 0 +
$
4 # + " 14,
2 #&
"
/ 2
" %
#&# #/& , 1 " 2
%&
+
"*
. # "
% 0
, $
. /
0 "
4
,?% *. 0
% 1.
$+
" "
.
%"
*"
/ "
8 . +#$
/ .
" %
.* % 7 *
% 0
0
#$
- ,
$
%
1 . !# &1 ,
" . $
0
131
. . /
, 0 $
% $
+, 2 # +
1
5
14
6
"
2
.
.
% ., # 6 1 0 % 6
#
1
.. "
$
"
.
1 +, 2
2
, 0* 1 ,
.
% . "*/ , .
.#. " %. / 2
%
.*
%&
*4 3
5 . +, *4
5 . +, *4
3% ". ( &
"+1
1, $
# 6 1 & +
#&
, 1
".
, " " %. / *4 0 & + 4
4
>
«
2 » "
"
" >
0 +
. ! 2
%
#7
"#37 4
2 6
*4
# #
@ &
(
,
,
=
0 .)
0
$
0 " +
"*
"
.*
% 0
"
.
.
2
.
".
1 & 1 +,
,
# 6
" & + # 2#+
"
1 . 37 4 1 %& ,
2
+, *4
5+
" . 2+
* 0
0 +,%#. &
8
0 &0 + 2
0
6 0 +,
"* # " , "% . 2 & "
1.
0
1
# 6 1 . 2# 0 &$
, "
. 6
&
%&
1
"
.*
2
+,
% 0
15
.
2
2
–" 0
#&#7 2 .
(
"
, ,
"%
"" - +
" (% ,
" (%
" ,
%+ ,
"1%
0 1%% " $7 " (
-% " %
,,% 2:
', %
# 6
5+
&
%" +
0 /& " 2 + / , % & $
+
"
1
.
4 0 + " ". ( 8 .# "
" 5+
4 & + ,
. 2
+,7
" % 2 &
+
("
+,>
"
+#$ " 8
*+ #
">
"
*
+ , 0
&
*
# 6
"
. 4 "
0 . 7
,$
$
. &
%
"
*
# 6 4 " 514).
2 & 1 /
. & "
# 6 4 ! , % +3$ 1 & +2 $ *
*
*.
#&
+1. ,
0 >
«0 % 0 &
» . &
% 6
+ , 0 " &
"
"
"
+, *. 8
. $
. " %. /
1.
"
* 0
1. 5+
.(
8 .
0
0 0
1/
, "*0 +
1
+
+, *4
"
6
+, * " 5 , $ .
%&
& 0 +
+, *
$
.
,
&
% # .
#/
0
0
& +1
# 6
5+
, 0 /& " 2
.
. 6
% "
.
" & + "
2
+ 16
1.
+
132
.
# 6 1" .
% "
2
%&
5+
#&#7 2 &+1 2 0 & " "
.
0 + " 4.
$
1 2009 2. # 6$ +
" $ +
.
" (0 +
%" +
*+ 0 " &
7
# 6 4 ! ). 2
"#
"+13 5 2 *
+ 2
5 2 *
#0 "+1 .*.
17
*.
#/ ., . +*
*
+
0 &" & * + & .
+
#/
2
$ "
1
+,
2 "
(
2 & 1>
& , 0
* .
*
+,7
, 8 . 6*, 5 2 *).
.
2 , # # 6 2
# " & "
. 3 1
+,>
0+ * "
>
+, "
"*4 "
*4
+ ,
$
* & 2015 2. 4
+ % 6 1 0 %" +
% $
+,
# + ,
" , # 6
"
* 5+ .
+ %
> 1 "
-.
4
+ # 6 ,
& #2 4
.
2
2
0
%*"
, $
2 & 1>
& ,
0
*. "
*. + &
. 1"+1
1 # 6 1.
4 &1 % & *4
1
!
# 6
" 2009–2011 22. ( ..
+ 6* 1
2), + &#
/ & + , &" "*" & :
1) ( 0 +
+, 2
"
# 6
&? 0 + *.
4 & ., 0 $ . 8
"+
$
"
* 4
.
# 6 1 "" & "
0
. &
%
"
* "
*
+ , ?
+
1 1
6
+, *4 " 514,
0 +,%#1 .*
" .
*
4 + 2 .
2)
"
"
0 +
# 6 1 1"
0
#1
.
0 "+
.
8 . " &
+, "#
$ +
>
" .
*4 # 6 4 !
? ..
7 . + $
" . # 6 2 5+
" 2009 2.
+
.
5+
% .,
1
8 ! "%
.
% .,
" .
1 "
1 0 +
?
..
0 1.#3 "*
% ?
.+
1
" 3 8
2
$
#3
% 0
,
,, 0
& . % +3$ "*4 2
" " 5
0
*4
6 .
6 06 1 8
% 1+ & .
#37
0 + /
.
0 +
# 6 ,
$
1
1990-4 22.
.
"
,
&
*,
#& $
"
.
. 2
0 " 0
."
& #2 , 0
0
# " /&
" 2 "+ 1
,
" 1 ," . .>
. .* +
" *. $+
133
# 6
0 $ ,
.
,
..#
" $ =
0 &#"
# 6
% 0
,
1 "
2 .
.
+ 6 1
""
0( "%% % &
4
0 1%%,
,,%%,
%" ,
18
%% " $ " ( (
" 2009–2011 --.
-
%! ,
. 2
*' %+
%+
,,%3% 1%
"
/ "*
17
+
6
" *
*
# 6 1
(2011 2.)
!
!
&
4 & * "
*
25
*
25
+,7
2 6 + "* &
*
*
&+1
"
&
*
.
,
4
*
0
4
+
" + & $ *
! +* 0
(2011 2.)
+
" + & $ *
/ "*
!
% "*
& "*
+
7
+,7
2
2
*
7
+
2
( 2
$ *
(0 +
5
5 2 )
(2009 2.)
6
/ "
#
+,
4 ! –
+
0 $
5
12
1
4
*
1
++
( &" &
1
3
" + & $ *
+,7
+
39
2
+,7
*
! +*
7
+,7
&
! +* 0
2
3
+
( &" & * + &
+,>
49
1
*
! +*
1
,
133
11
( &" & * + &
+,>
./
%! ,
. 2
1
1+ &
134
27
…
= .
#/
6 #0
.
"+1 .*.
(
/ "*
+
2009 2.)
" *
3
*
4
+,7
1
(
0 %&
2009 2.)
1+ &
*
! +* 0
1
1
+,
" + & $ *
+
7
+,7
20
*
6
( &" &
49
27
0 & *
! +*
+2
1
3
*
( &" &
./
%! ,
. 2
4
" *
1
0 %&
*.
" * 1
6
2 *
#.*
%! ,
. 2
*' %+
%+
,,%3% 1%
"
)
35
1
1+ &
$
:
1)
&%
!
http://www.warships 2007.narod.ru/turkish1946-2009.htm.
(%
! 1946–2009 ##.)
2)
&%
http://www. russia ships.info/today/
(
@
#
2011 #.)
3)
&,
&
#
& %
@: $ :
%. 5
#
&
@
#
// 6 . 1 4.
$$ 2009. . 93, 95–96.
.
" : http://www.svpressa.ru/society/article/21715. (5
#
'
&
@
#
.
$.
#
#
( (% )
;
&
«
»).
135
+ 6 2
""
. ./ (
%+
. 2
"" 6
2
?2
5 2 *
#0 "+1 .*.
#/ .
*
( &" & * + &
*.
+
(5 0
("
0 1%% " 2009 -.
4
%! ,
*' -
* #0 "+1 .*.
*.
#/ .
! +*
%! ,
.
2
./
"" 6
%+
18
*"
# 6
6
0
*" # 6
" 2009 2. 7? 2 *+
"0
)
;
116
19
*"
# 6
)
(11 0
14
*"
# 6
)
:
'
%
!
http://www.warships 2007.narod.ru/turkish1946-2009.htm
(%
! 1946–2009 ##.).
$
136
%! ,
.
)
(17 0
19
2
7 "
# 6
" 2 "
2 0
6 +
?
.
1"+1
1
/ 0 1.*. + & " . " %
1
> 0 +
$
2 "+ 1 1
+ / .
& .
.
+1 # 6
8
% $
4 & .
, 5 .
" , "
.
.
2
855
" #3
.#
2
+,
% 0
,
4 &1 0 /& " 2
%
"
*4
".
1– $ " & * 0
? # 6
"
+ % 6
8
& .
" &# " 2 "*> %+ /
2 , 2 " 1 "
*4
0
4
$
.
0 +
" .
# 6 , + &#
. , + &#37 :
1)
.
.
2
# 6 1 4 $
0 " & , 0 +
#
2
+,
" 4& / "*, 0
1 ,, " . $ + ,
"
"
* 0
6 +.
2)
1 0 +
# 6
?
. .
#2 /
0
& "
% 0
.
3)
17
" .1 &+1
# 6
, >
". 5 .
" ,
+, #3
.#
2
+,
% 0
?
2 . 1,
"*" 1 ,
"% . *4
4
)+
" !
'
, #
#
# '
("*& +
.
– . .).
4) +1
4
1 #7
"#37 2
+
+
& +/
# + , " ?"
0
#
"
. .
.
0 " . +#$
" %
"
2 0
6 +
# 6
% /
0 " &?
+3
.# & .
"
3 "
2
. =
. /
#2 / ,
.
% 0
. 2
2
( 0
, "
2 0
+ &
1 &
& / "*).
/
+3$
, $
" 8 . +#$
"+ 1
(0 /& " 2
- )
..
% " %
,
0
+, #
+ +
%
?6
,
"
2 0
# 6
%
"
0 + & 33 " 6 +14
0 $
1
+,
"
2
0
" , 1
+
+, *4 3%
".
.
"
1
.
"
# #
20,5%
17,5%
&
.
.: ( )
.
$ *$
+ * *$ ,
* - (+
«BP Statistical Reviewof
World Energy». June 2008)..
/ 06.05.11. * $ http://vybor.sevastopol.ua
2
#
! @
# 9
#
( @9 )
!
$ !
.
1992 #.
#
!
,
137
«@
#
(
3
24
»
#
#
,
"
&
2005 #
«@
» –
".
!
#
-
!
.
!
$
( 2 )
! !
!
$
. 5 ! !
!
$
«(
!
$
» (Milli G venlik Siyaset Belgesi).
5
$
$
+
#
$.
( +
,
+
#
#
# #
#
"
!
'
&
+
#
.
.:
0
. . .0
*+ $
1
0
+ * *$ ( 1 . .
/
27.12.2005
* $ http://www.iimes.ru (
" # %
).
4
- .5
@
#
#
.
'
06.05.11.
http://vybor.sebastopol.ua.
5
!
!
«@
#
»–
#
! 2
«
»(
#
2001 #.
$
"
#
"
). 2
!
«@
#
»
.
,
"
,
&
"
$ &
. 5
. «@
#
»
#
#
,
$
$
,3
.
27
2006 #.
#
! «@
#
»,
.
$
" ,
.' % ;
% .' %
!
A
5 &
# .3
!
2005 #.,
2007 #. "
3
,
$!
(
«
&
!
&
! «@
#
».
"
#
& «@ #
»
2006 #
, 31
2009 #
!
.
6
#
@
#
#
!
26
!
138
2001 #. 5
. (
-
"
$
2008 #. ,
&
(! $.
#
$
!
&
@
&
+ &
'
,
&
-
.%
"
#
&
$
3-154,
# &+
,
"
$
$
$
"
! ,
.' #
&
6,
.
#
#
, ,
"
#
.%+
"$
! , +
&
#
(%
@
,
&
2001–2006 #
#,
#
#
$
!
.
$
,
#
&
2
#
&
-
& !
). (
, +
#
#
$
#
-
,
$
-
!
3 -
#
$
.
–
,
,
.
#
!
!
.
,,
#
#
@
@
&
)
#
-.#
#
.%
&
!
-
/
"
$
,
.,
:
,
$
-
&,
2001 # #
.9
#
,
$
-
!
$
(http://blackseafleet-21.com/news/27-04-2011_bleksiforaprelskaja-missija-vypolnen). %
# ,
.
, #
@
#
#
#
– +
"
+
"
#
,
"
"
. (
"
#
&
,
! .
,
#
.
#
$ #
#
,
& #
&
&
(
#
:
@
#
2011 #. – . .). ( 2 .
7
(
"
!
#
! «@
#
»
.
$,
139
'
$
&
# «,
»
" &
& # .
8
http://svpressa.ru/society/article/21715.
9
(
.
# ,
#
$,
,
!
"
!
,
$ +
$
"
« & .
$ »
#
$
.
,
!
.
' ,
&
+
,
#
# &
&
.
.: ( )
.
$ *$
+ * *$ ,
* . .
/
06.05.11.
* $ http://vybor.sebastopol.ua. 2
"
$,
&
&
&
"
«
#
#
»
!
$
@
#
>"
5
. + –#
$$,
$
$ .
10
%
#
–+
,
.
.
.
%
+ &
&
.
. ( +
&
#
. %
+
#
(5
!
#
.)
"
4 .
11
http://wartime.narod.ru/blacksea_harmony.html/
! %
!
((
"
«0
"
»).
12
2
,
,
$,
!
$.
$2
#
@
#
#
.
+
# ,
"
,
.'
.
$
#
,
.
#
. (
! ,
#
' .
2
@
#
#
– . .)
,
,
."
"$ @
#
.
!
!
«@
#
» 2004 #.
:
$.
2
.
http://wartime.narod.ru/ blacksea_harmony.html. (
$
2
“3
2
”). ( +
!
!
$ &%
&#
@
#
#
.%
+
"
#
$#
.
,
#
#
-
140
&
'
$
(
,3
)
#
"
#
$
@
,
# $
#
$
.
.: 4
. ( 1 5*
$
$
/ - 5- *+ *$
,
*
**
+
6(, *$01–2).
3 «
$
» 70 2& , (
,
*$ + 5
** * . .
/
29.10.10
* $ http://flot.2017.com.
13
(
. .5. &
(
#
,
#
, >"
5
, 4 , ,
,
#
, (
, 3
, 5
! ),
,
@
$
&
$
&
. 6
. . 4*$ )*
+ $
*$
5$*5
05 . .
/
17.09.2008.
* $ http://www.inosmi.ru.
.
" : http://eho-ua.com/2011/01/10/more_bezopasnosti.html,
10.01.11. (
+ * *$ ?)
14
.
.
#
4
. 5
@
#
.
'
: (
,
26.06.2009.
http://www.imperiya.by.
.
:
http://geopolitica.ru/Articles/629/
15
9
! .
$
&
# ;.
$
.
'
,
!
,
.
#
#
& #
!,
!
.
$
&
!
#
&,
$
+ #
"
.
'
$ :
! ,
&
!
.
05
. ,
*
* & –
+ *+ $
5. .
/
13.05.2010. * $ http://www.russ.ru.
16
.
!
' #
#
@
& (@ $ 1–2). 0 «
»
,: $ ". ,
,
2
.
'
29.10.10
http://flot.2017.com.
17
".
18
&
&
&
;
"
!
! ,
# &
@
#
#
.
19
&
&
&
;
&
&
&
!
! .
,
'
,
141
. .
(
-
'
!
!=
(
(
«(
# 6 3 "1%*" 3 0
*
>
1,
0 & " /& 3
2#+1 * "
$ "
. 4
"
#& $
" , 0 " & .* " (
# 6 .
>
>
1
"*" 3 1
"% . . #" /
3&
%
"
. =
>
1 #4 &1
1. "
3,
. 3
7
6 +
0
0
"*», –
1 4
*+ &
5
+, .
5 2 2011 2. " !
(
>
1.
# 6
. =
>
1
1 . 2 0+
"*
4
%" " 3 1
&"#
" ,
"
. 4
2
+, 2
#& $
" . (
# 6 1
"4 &1 "
"
%+ $ *4 . /&#
& *4
2
% 6 ,
0 . ,
4,
2
% 6 1
@ &
*4
6
(
),
2
% 6 1 8
. $
2
#& $
" (= )
.&.
%*" +
+ .
&# 0
& $
# +#2 , " $
, "
. 4
4
2 ( 52
– (
–
# 6 1)
2 $
2 & + 2 .
"
* (
, 0 & " /& 1 " 3 0 " /
,
2
+, .# "% . &
" 3, "
1
2011 2.
0 &+ / +
.
, .
>
$ +
,
. 37 4
# $+
"+3&
+
"
/ - %
6 6
2
+, 2
#& $
" (
) 0 && / +
. 2 +
.+
# 6
" #0 , " 8 #
2
% 6 3
"
%"
.
$
" . «!* 0 && / " + & #2 & #2 "
> 4
"
4 %
% "
.
,, .* 0 && / " + & #2 & #2 "
4
*4
& " 14
5 4. !* &
&, / "#7
" &"#4 2 #&
" 4», – % 1" + "
1
2011 2. 0 % &
+ .
0# +
(
.
/ " .1
+ .
&
%.
0 &$
" +
«"* / + 0 + #3
+ &
,
0 && / # "
+ % 6
.
#
, 0 / " 37 4 "
1
"
$
0 ».
$
142
"
%" " 3 1
>
1 &"#4
" " 4
" *4 5
4
#& $
" : 0 +
$
, 8
. $
,
"
, #+, #
.&.
#2
#/& .*4 " 0
"
1
2
+,
2+
+,
% 0
,
".
*4 8
. $
4 "
*4 0
",
% "
1, #+, #
2
.
.&.
. $ + , " % 1"+
!
(
, «(
# 6 1 1"+13 1 5
.
+,
5
2+#
4
%.
,0
4 &17 4 "
> .
>
.
2
».
0 + &
2 &* 2+ "* &"#4 2 #&
"
+,
%
.
" + , " %
.
6 +,3 & +,
> 2
%"
1 & 0+ .
$
4, 8
. $
4, "
*4, #+, # *4 "1% .
( % &
# 6
0# +
&#++ 4 3+, 0
+
+ .
&
5 6 +, *. " %
.".
2010 2. ( % &
5 + ) &
" > + "
0 "*
5 6 +, * " %
"
# " 0 + 2011 2.
2
" .
#2# 6
"
1
2008 2. 2+ " (
,
0 & &
+, 0 "17
( &
0
(( () . .) &
01 ,
% 5 6 +,
0
7 + # 6 3, " +3$ 1 " % * "
. 4
4
2
..
– 52
– (
– # 6 1. *" 1
"
+
. #+ ,
0 & " /& +, $
«…(
.
0+ &
& * % .+
2 * 0
& *
# *, …
8 0
.#7
" . 2# * , 0 +#/ , "% .
"*2 & &"#4
…».
" * # + 1 8 4 2 #&
"
&
$ * «
0 % "
&
" +
4 0 "
+, " "
*
8
. $
0
*
. $ *
2+ >
1». + &#1 % 1"+
3 .
*4 & + (
; *
;
., $ « 6
+, *
*+ / "
" +3 *4
>
*. 2 #&
" . », (
& 0 &$
" + " /
, # 6
& / 2
2 " 2
3%
.
&
"
+, , &
%
" *4
0 "+
&"#
2
#& $
" –
%"
2 " -8
. $
4
"1% .
" *.
,1. 8 0
(
" # 6 3
& 6 1"+13 1 4+ 0
%& + 1 % 4+ 0$
#. / *4
,
/ , 0
" *
" *, 0
+,
+, . # 6 1
"
* 8 0
# " (
0 &# 6 3 " .
+
1,
+
..#
6
#& "
, .
++
%& + 1
%.
++ ,
, %+ $
#& "
, #. 2#
.&.
/&
1
&.
6 1 0 % &
. . ) &
"%1+
"*
"0
- # 6 4
>
14
1 1
143
2008 2., 0 &0
"
".
% 1"+
, 6 +,3
2
*+
@1"+
«
"+
2 $
2
#& $
" " 6 +14 & +,
> 2
%"
18
. $
4
2 "*4, "
*4,
#$ *4
4 + 2 $
4 "1% , #+, #
2
#& $
" , $
" $ + 5# & .
+, *.
.
& " &"#4
».
2 "
0 &# .
" +
%"
0
" "
+
5
# # *, .
+, *4 #&
,
+,
2 4 %1
" , 8
2
$
2
.&. $ *" 1 " /
, 2 8 . $
2
2 0 +
$
2 0 + /
1 &"#4
, (
# 6 1
" .
#& + + / + % &
/ *.
0
..
@
" *
# @
" *
1 +, "
«
. % + » 4
+ % 6 3.
2 "*
>
1 . /&# &"#.1
.
+ / + ,
$ + 1 " 1 2011 2. ( $
+
%
0 "*>
"" % *4 0 >+
4+ 0$
#. / *
" *, " $
& /&# 0
2 0
%" & " . ( "
$ +,
*+
#" + $ * 0 >+ *
6,4% & 35%, %
.–
& /&#
9,6% & 52%.
&
1 " 1 2011 2. # 6
0 "
+," 0 "* +
28%
. /
* 0 >+ *
.0
2
+, 2 * ,1 % (
.
( "*>
"" % *4 0 >+
0 4 & + "0
&
#/& 1 "
3% . " 0
&
#0
" 0
*
0 0 &# 6
0 +,2
> +
+ 2
+ /
1.
( &
* > 2 "+
0 &0
1+ "
. 4 0 +
%
1 8
. $
0 . 7
+ .
&# 0 +
% #>
+,2
" &
1+
. 2010 2.
# 6
0 "
+, " , " " 3 $
&,, 0 "* +
. /
*
+ 2 6 +,3
%
1 &
" 1.
*. 0
%" & +1.
.
.
% ., #&1 0 .
+ . 0
0
*, "" % 1 0 >+
0
#3 4+ 0$
#. / #3
& /&#
"+1+ " - 18%, "
– 9,6%, " # 6
– "
+,
% "*> , $ 5
$
0 "+ + %
$
$ #3
3
0
" # .0
& /&* % (
. ( 8 .# &
% 6 +
" %
. .) &
" 0 + 2011 2.
+ # 2#+ " ,
+
" , "% . *
"
* 0
. ( & 0 + /
& + 0 & +/ + , & 1 " 1 2012 2., 2&
"3%,
% $ ,
# 6 1 "
+# 0 " + "1%*" 37 2
. /
2
3%
% + "" % * 0 >+ *
75
.
"
0
0 &# 6 .
7
@ .
"
" 2011 2.
"+1+ " 2
690 . ++
" & ++
" - .
" , &"#
2 "+
144
"
6
. /&# &"#.1
. ,0 .
3 0 6 +
",
$
+,
/
4
+, *4 " %. /
.
*
" + 6 +, & "
6 5 #
2 " 2
& 2 .+ &. & +" " 2013–2014 22., " 0
0
" – & 01 .+ &. & ++
".
) $
+
0
6 +
#& $
" " 8
2
, "1% ,
+, " & . , 2
& *" 37 ,
+,
, 0 7 "
%
"
+14 0 .*>+
, . >
,
/ "
+ % 6
%+ $ *4
5
# # *4 0
",
0
" " 5
" .
"
.
4,
+,
. 4 %1
" (0
5 #
"),
$ +, .,
& . "* > .
% "
.&. # 6 1
0 1"+1+ %
"
, "
%"
"
1
8
2
(0
"
"
1 *4 2
""(
).
+ .
&
.
" +
#
, % 2
2 $
2 0
, " 2011–2012 2 & 4
*
+ " " .
& &"#.1 0
. :
2+ >
0 5
6 +,
2 "+
%"
0
2
7
1 – / + % & / 2 , " .
+, 2
" %&#> 2 . & . % . 4
%. "
>
1
2
+, *4 "1%
0+
#
1 & + , & +,>
%"
/ + % &
/ *4
" .
+, *4 & 2, $ 0 % 1"+
3
4 0 &
"
+
&"#4
+
0
*.
0 "+
.
#& $
" . « ..#
6 * 0
* $ %"*$
" / *, .*
0
. /& .
$ +
+ % 6
/ + % &
/ 2 0
3+,,
.#
"
0 "+
+ 1$
*
».
& . %
".
*4 0
" 1"+1
1 . &
% 6 1
#7
"#37 2
+, " & 0 +
+,
$
/ + %&
/ 2 0#
+ .
&–
. #+ &+
" 7 000 . &+1
+ / "
1 &" /
1
2 2 #% " 2
"
%(
" # 6 3. .
8
0
%" + ( %& 3+,.
+ % &
/ * 0
. +
2 $ % $
,
" & +,
> .
7 + «
0 $ ,
&" /
"
" %
+ .
&
" 0
*
.
.
% ., 0 + &
0
" + &+1
1
0
*
& , +,
" * 6
+,
%
.#. *2 &
*+
$ " &
&+1
4
.
+1
+ .
& ,
0 . ,
0
" 0
4 "
" $
%
. #+ &
* "
2
"
% .
11 &
0
"
3
& 6
*. 30 #
. .
, / + % &
/ 2 0#
*+ 0 + /
,
" + ,
4 & .
, 0 "
* 0
2
4
4 $
. &
% 6
.
%
0
+
145
* 0
+ % 6
0
0 &" 2 + ,
. &+
" +# 1& 0 $ ,
&
*4
0 + &
. %
. + " 0
*
4"
2 #&
"
2
$
2
5
"
1, 4 $
+
/ + % *4 &
2
" . .(
,
4"
+
.
" ", 0 &" / 2
" ,
2 +, *4
., 0*
2
+#/ " 37 2 0
+
.&.
0 . , " (
#
"
# . 2
+ $
" + .
" "0
+ % " + 2 #% "* 0
" % 0 / + %
&
2
0
1/
&"#4 . 16 " " 2011 2., 2&
&
"
*
0 %&
#> + %
$ .
( &
*
+ & "
*+
>
0
+ .* "
0
.
7
(
, 2 #% 0
" % 4,
+, "
/ + % *4 &
2
.&., 0
" " " 0 "
# & 1 " 0
*
0
.
6
+,
0
0 +
., $
*
" ,/ + % &
/ *
+ 855
"
2 #&
" # #
,
#
#37
. " .
+, *4 0 " % "
.
#0 *
2 "*
/ + % &
/ * 0
*, #$
"
*4 0
. +
+ .
&
,
#7
"+1+ ,
" 2
" . 4
2
% 6 8
. $
2
#& $
" .
%"
855
"
" .
0
..#
6
. /&# 2 #&
" . -$+
.
= –" / * 5
"
>
2 "
2 6 .
& . %
"*4 0 +
*4
0
"
+ % 0#
2#+1
2
2 0 %& 0 . > # # + .
&– 2
–
. #+. % 20
" 14 0 &% $ * &+1
, >
, – &+1 # 6
*. ! &
% 6 10
" + 500 .+ . & ++
",
0 &
* %
*
" 0
0
"
#01 1, # /&
0
1
,
"1 6 +,3 «# +
%
2
5
&
"
855
5
" .# 0
# "
" # +#2 " 2
».
*
+ & / & , 1
$ + 0 +
+ % 6
%
2 / + % &
/ 2 0
,
" +
. + 2 –
"
#0
/ *4 2 #% "
" «- + "* 0# ,» "
.4
2
% 6
8
. $
2
#& $
" .
&
"
%"
3
2 "+ –
" 1 6 +, 0
,
* , 0 % 1"+
3
, "
/ " .1 «
+ * 855
" *.
& " . &+1
>
1
" . /&# +3&,. , &+1
%"
1
# %. . /&#
. -$+
. ».
+ .
&
&
0 &$
" + , $ « #7
"#37
2 "* ,
%
*
0
*
& * "
2
– 2
1 8
. $
2
%"
1 0 6"
1
4
».
146
6 + .«
. * »# " ,0
- # 6 4
2 "*4
>
0 #& +
+ .
& 7
% #" & . ,
# + + % 6
"
"
6
0 +
.
6 +,3 & +,> 2 0 "+ $
1
2
0
+ "
+
8
.
,
8
2
, / + 7
+, " ,
5 # # ,
+,, 0
%" & " . + $ *4 0 &#
",
+,4 %1
"
.&., (
#
" + 0 6 +, * 8 . $
% * &+1
"
" % # 6 , 0 &
" " .
>
* +,2
* # + " 1
" .
"
/&
#0+ *
+ 2 ".
8 . % 1" + 0
1
7
" " .1 " %
"
+ .
& 0 % &
# 6
&#++ 4
3+1 " "2#
2010 2. # 6
& ,2 &
"
+,
"0 >+ " (
@
* . +
&
. 7
,
0 . ,
#/
2 &
4 $
4
@
".
& . % " /
> 4 # /
"
>
14 &"#4
+ "
$ "
. #+ 0 % &
" . .) &
. 3+1
"
. 4
4
2
..
52
– (
–
# 6 1 "
1
2011 2.
#/& + , " 0
*,
0 "+
*
#
0+
&"#
4
>
, " +3$ 1
2 "* & 2 " ,
%&
4 0
" " (
>
#& $
"
# 6 . # "
. .
2& /
*
0
1+
>
.
" % &+1 "+ & +,6 " & 0+ .
$ 4
+#/
*4 0 0
",
" 0
0
" –
%" % " .
6
/ . &+1 " 4 2 /&
4
.
+ .
&
. #+
" + 6
# " &
+
#&
"
2
(
'
+, 2
# 6
0 &0
+
2+ >
, 0 %" + ">
0 &0
.
+1. &"#4
"
"% .
$ * "
6
+, *4 " +3 4, $ " " 3 $
&,
+ +1+ & "+
7
" +3 *
% "* &"#4
.
* & + + #0
*
+,> 2
+ $
" 5 + + " # 6 4
"
"(
,
"
"
0
4" # 6 .
0 +
+, *
.0#+, 0
- # 6 .
>
1.
0 & + #$ /&
2
% 6
« #%,1 & .
$
2
(
», "
"
" >+ . 2
*: 0
1,
, - ,
6 1,
.
1 & . . .
"
1
" 2008 2.
0
. +
.
"
#$
"
.
' +,
2
% 6
– «…
%
5
"
4 $
0 && /
%+ $ *. 0
.,
* . 3
> 37 % $
&+1 & +2
$ 2
6 +, -8
. $
2
%"
1(
».
( % " 1 /
"*,
* 0
(
" 2+
+,
,
#2 %
%.
8
. %. , « #%,1 & .
-
147
» "* % + 2
"
,
".
. 0 "
+, " . 6 +,3 & +,
> 2 # 2 $
2 0
"
" %" 7
1
*
3
%"
1.
# 6 1, 0 && / " 1 0 +
#
.
2 # 2#+
"
1 "
2
, 0 %*" + . /&#
&7
"
% , 5
"#3, 8
. $
#3,
4+ 2 $
#3 0 . 7, (
# "
,
#2 %
%. ,
.
.*. "* % "
+ &
,
+ .
& .. (
% 1"+
3 0 % &
. .) &
, «…0
(
"
,
%. .
" +
+
36 000
"
*4
.#/$ , / 7
&
, 0 1.
8
. $
#7
–
+
70 .+ &. & ++
"».
# 6 1 0 &$
"
&
$
, +, "
*4 .
&+1
>
1 0
+ .*. «( &1 " (
".
3 .+ .
/ 6 . " 2001 2., « +
» 0 +#$ + 0 && / # .
2
+
1 "
%#+,
.
% 0#2 "
1 /
+
"
% 0 & *4
"
*». ( + .
# 6
"* % + %
$
,
0 %" + 0 "
+, "
"
* 0 &0
1 ,
. * " "1%
., $ 2 #00
" « +
»"
2009 2.
"0+
#3 0 & >+
+ 6
* –
+ .
&#.
% 1"+ # 6 2 0 + .
2 "
+ ,, $
«
+,
,
"(
#&
. , 855
& .
0
1
8
&
*,
$
1
& …» . 5 6 +, * + 6
"
"* % +
0
, % 1"+
. "+
( ., $
. 2#
0 $ ,
% 0
,
# 6
5 6 +,
& + 2 6
" " .1
0
*"
1
"
+ .
& . 0
"#1
6 +, -8
. $
.#
%" 3
2
, # 6 1 0 + 2 + , $
.
% . 0
"#0 & " 7
3
0
1 8
.
4 8+ . ""%
0#> #
4 0+ .
(
.
. 4
2
% 6
« #%,1 & .
$
2 (
» *+
%
01 +
0+
&
"
&+1
>
1
8
2
$
4 0
+ . " (
. ( .
3 # 6
*, +#$> . 0
. 0
& +
1
#7 2
% *"
. /&# 0 &+ /
.
0
.
8+
8
2 3 . /
,
"
"
" +,
" *
$
8
2 ,
"
1 1
+ $ 1. «( "
+, " (
0
" + % & $# 2013 2. 2
" , 1500 !
%
$
0 +,% "
1 "
1
8
2 ,
#
"
& +/ 2 5 "
1 0 %" + + 0 +#$ ,
+,
300 !
" 2011 2.,
9
$ % .
% + 855
"
,0
».
$
,
0+
2 (
0
1
148
#$> 1
# 6 1 + / + , "
+
0 +,% "
1
8
2
+ 6 " (
, 2& $
*
# 6
6
" + 01 , 0
"
7
. 7
,3 114 ! ,
%#+,
–
+
8000 & . " " 80 &
" 14 (
*+
8+
5 6
" *. / 2 & *
@ . " 0 & / (2008–2010)
5
" +,
" + 300%,
0 & / " &
2 "
+ ,
37 4
+ $ *4
, "*
+
200%.
+,
4 %1
"
.
(
% 1 & 45%
7
$ +
$
+*,
0 $ "
"*> 20%
@ .
(. # 6 1 (
0 &0
+
+,
. .
&#. ",
0 "+
*4
%
#
".
*4 0 2 .. "
+
% +
" +36 ,
" & " , / " " & " , *
2 4 %1
" ,
>
1
.&.
( +
% #>
+, 2
" &
1 +
. 2010 2. 2#.
1 0 . 7, . 2 4
.
% + % $
+, #3 0 && / #
(
#. "
" + & "
+
# 6 1.
"
& #2 .
.
"* #0 +
6
"
#$
1 " "
" +, *4
4 0 + 0 " &
1 0 " 4
+, *.
2
.
0
6
"
! +
&. ! ++
& & ++
"
"*& + +
5
# # * 0
* 0 " 6
;
-( 4 # 4" ; " ( &/
#
, %"
* "
+,
" + 5
6
, "%1+
1%
+, " 0 " %" &
3
2120
" .
*4 & . " &+1
.
" 0
& "> 4
" &1
4 !#% 55 2
&/ 0# .
+ &#37
0
&"#
2
#& $
" . /&#
(
.
# 6
– "
* .
>
1
# 6
,0 % 1"+
3
$ +,
>
#4 0# *4 "
(
2
+
>5
( " %
1 ,
+
* 4
,
«… >
&* . +
7
,
$
"1% ,
7
+ & ,
.# 6
+ . #3 &
$,…», $
+
"
&+1 & +,
> 2 #
0+
1
6
+, *4
.
&"#4
. # 6 1
. 1 $
1
&
%
+,
> 4 "
. (
*+ $+
.
,
"% . &
"
! /&#
& *.
+ .
&
" 1
% 0
(!
) " 52
0
0 " & $
4
.0
" 0
- 52
.
0 2
$,
#7
"+1+ ,
/
$
% 0
+, "
# 6
"
+ .
& .
"
+
$
+,1
& +
2+ +, 0
+, "
# 6
"
+ .
& "
$
"
2 0#
" (
. «=
" / * > 2, –
2 "
+ , " % 1"+
, – & 0 + 1+ 0
$
149
$
2
#& $
"
&
6 3
».
0 & " & + " 3 0 && / # (
#"
>
0
+ .
% 0
, $ , 0
.
3, & + + , «&+1 % 7 *
+ .
6
+,
6 +
».
*
"1%
. /&# (
.
# 6
*+
+
" *.
" &"#
4
>
14.
#& $
"
" + 6 +,3 «6 .
"
2 $
2 0
" . /&# (
.
# 6
»
%" " + , "
" . 0 &"#.
0 "+
1.: 0 " &
".
*4 "
*4 #$
%&
".
*4 0 &0 1
"
+
"
2 0
%" & " . ) 0 + &
&"
& 1 +
1
0 " + " " 3
#3 0 .*>+ , % $
+, *
"
6 , $
0
" " + #. ,>
3 % "
.
*
% #0
%+ $ *4 " & " " #/
2 0
%" & " . # 6
0 6 +
*
. $ + , $
«0 &# 6 1 "
0 .*>+
" $ +
/
.
"
1.
&
"
.
0 #0
+1. " 0 " . & 1 +
;;I "
*+ . 2
*,
" +3$ 1 - . (
# 6 1
+ & 3 0
6 + .
+,
" $ ,
" .
* % 0
*
"
*4 "
#/
*4
+,
#& "+ " 1 ,
*
#/&* 1&
+ .
4 2 #&
"».
0 %
0 &# 6
0 .*>+
# 6
" ,
" + 1
" .
*4
" *4
+ ,
+ / *4 &
+
&+1 %
*4
& "*
*4
0
#+, *4
", 5 2
",
"
*4
0
*4
& ", "*
4 + 2 $ *4
.(
8+
*4
.
. & "
1 #0 "+
1. * >
"
* $ * 0
.
&
0
7 +
# 6 3 &+1 0 " & 1 "
$
"* > . 0 +
$
.
"
*. # " & " .
*.
) 0 + &
2 &* %.
+ 1 4
>
+ 1
& 0 %
"
2
#& $
" &"#4
. 7 " 2008
2. " " .1 " %
$ +,
>
#4 0# *4 "
(
2
+
>5
( " %
1
" # 6 3 " + , 0
2 " *
0 % &
. # 6
0# +
&#++ 4 . 3+ .
0 "*>
# " 1
>
&
2 $
2 0
" . /&# &"#.1
. 1. ,
#/& + 1 0
%"
1
6
+, 2
+
1 # 6 . +1 (
# 0 4
8 2 0
+ %
"*.,
0 %" +1
.# " #&#7 .
.
0 +
$ .# "
150
%& ,
"
*
"
+, +
«
" ». ( & 2 " # 0 "*
+, #&
0
"
0
" # 6 ,
2&
+, *4 & +/ * * , 0
*
"
*4 " 514 (
. =
.0+
* 0
,
$ *
10 + .
+
50 # 6 4 5 ., " +3$ 1
#0
>
*
.0
ASELSAN, HAVELSAN, STM, 0
. 3 "
. #$
.
0
*
2
"
2
#& $
"
2#+1
#/& + , "
. 4
".
*4
.
" 0 0
+ . . 2+
+,
% 0
«- + "*
0# ,», 0 " & "> 4 1 2008 2 & .
2010 2. " " .1 " %
"
#0 & &
+1
@ & 2
.
$ +,
" >
" (
2
+
.! &/ &
#/& + ,
".
« #$
"
+#/ 7 4,
$
1
%> 4 $
", … 6 +,3 #+, "
" ,
"
& . + &*4 5 6
"», 0 &$
" + ,, $
«…
*
+ " 3 1
7 . 0
+ . .
# 4
, 4 /
" 0 1
" 4
2
+, *4
. /&#
& *4 " 0
".
* & +/ *
@ &
, 1, $
*# $ / ,"
#/
*
2 #00
"
"
"
0
$,
" % 6 3 8
. %.
"
> 4
7
" 4».
0
1 ,
0
1
%. "
2
,
0
" + " 0
4 & .
0 " &
1
".
*4
#$
.
&"#4
&+1
0 $
1 "% . &
" 1 #4 0# *4
+.
-.
#$
1 0 >+ " .
2011 2.
0 &
& "*.
%"
. AMAN III.
1
2011 2. *+
0 " & * 0
- # 6
".
* #$
1
3 VII-2011 "
. 4 2+ "
6 +,3 *+
"% . &
" 1
.
0* . "
,
%. .. ( % 1"+ 3 5 6 +, *4 "+
, 0 6 +#/ * (
# 6
0 " &1
".
* #$
1 / 2 &
0 $
&
"
/&
.( " &
".
*4 "
*4 #$
*+ "*%"
+,
4 & .
,3
"* " "
2 . " ,
#2 % .
*
+ .
4 8
.
"
"
2
.
.
« 2
+,
,» " 0
- # 6 4
>
14 .
7
&
–0
& $
.
*.
+ " . ,
&
"*0 + 1+
5# 6 3 # 2#+
"
1
0
"
$ , 0
.0 .
+ 0
"
$
"
0+ 7 &
&+1 0
2 "
"
+ .
&
#+ . «!* #& .
0
&
. " +3 . 5 .
,
* " &
. #…(
#&
2
, 0 + /
+, #3
+, "
& /&
+ 2$ ,
151
4 & & + 2#», – % 1"+1+ 0 % &
# 6
. 3+,.
"#
7
&
0
:
*
2
. + , 2+
% $ .#3
+, " #
"+
.
, 0 && /
+,
% 7
7 4
" " 0
& &"#4
5+
""
2
–"
52
.
7 " 1 "
2004 2.
+ .
& 0 &0
+
# 6
2+ >
,
. /&#
& *.
%. .
2
% "
0
#0
,3, "
.
* "* / +
. #& $ , 6 +,3 0 & " 7
1
+ & "
1
4 0
#0+
,
%.,
%+ $ * 5 .*
2
% "
0
#0
;
+ 2 " - 3&/
*
+
.. $ 0
#0+
1, " +3$ 1
%
.*"
&
2
& 4 & "
0
#0+
;
#>
.. 2 6
*4 0 " +,
0 " +0
. 7
1 " " .1 0# >
"
0
," % " 2
/ . , 0 / "
1
#& #
" , "
. $ + 0 && + 0 0
", " % & #2 4 5 6 +, *4 & #.
".
+,
+
% &,
2&
$ + "
+ , 0
- 52
>
1 0 1" + ,
%+ $ 1 " 0 &4 & 4
52
(
0
+ .
$
, *"
2
) 0 &
% , # 6 1 "* #0 + 0
& . " &"#
. # 2#+
"
. !# #+,.
1
,
$+
"
2
+
, . 7 *
2
+, *
2
, 5 "* &
&+1 (
,
52
# 6 1
"* / + # /&
,, $
0
2 " *
+,
. /&#
+ .
& .
52
. «
%1 2+# "% .
& "
0 $
" 2 0
&
10
#& $
" . /&# &"#.1
. &1. » .
2008 2. "
" +
4
..
52 – (
– # 6 1,
"
6 +,3
2
*+
".
* 0
*
%"
1.
*
> + # + ,
#& $
" " 5
% 0
0
" &
" 1
%.#. (
"* % + + 2 &
, # 6
«% " / #3
+, " 0 &" /
.
" 52
». &
%
" *4
6 +
4
4 ..
", 0 % 1"+
30 % &
# 6
&#++ 4
3+1, *+ «#+#$>
#/ 37
&*
"
2
».
"#
>
1 . /&# (
.
52
.
" + ,
1 # *. " 0 + &
2 &*. 2011 2. *+ .$
"
1.
> 2
#+ " &
+ .
&
" 0 && /
"
" « +
»
«;
» " 0
- 52
. 0 2
$, . ( +
$
& 2 2 /&
2
+
0
#7
,
152
"
2
& +
#+
+ .
& "
$ + , "
. #+ . # 6 1 "* / +
.
,$
*
*
11
+ «
. * 0
+
#& $
" » .
$
"
& 2
% 0
& $
4 > 2 " " 8 .
0 "+
+ &#
.
" ,
2+
*«
*0 +
$
2
5
52
2 &" /
1 « +
»
"
., $
*
% ,
&
"
$ +# 0 2 "
", . 37 4 6 +,3 0 + / ,
6 "
" 52
».
% > 1 & 0+ .
$
0
#
"
« +
»
"
% .+ , # 6 1,
.
% .,
%*" + 0 && / #
0 " &
3 0
2 "
",
0 "+
*4
#
0+
& " 1 . /&# &"#.1
. .
2011 2. 0 & +/ + 1
4
0 6
"% . &
" 1 52
, (
# 6 ,
" 1 6 +,
2 – 0
#& $
"
& +,
>
#
0+
>
" /
.« +
».
. #+ 1
1 1 2011 2. "
. 4
4
2
..
(
0 & " & + «…2
0 "
+, "#
&# 52
, 0 + #3 0 && / # " 2 # + 14 0 0 & +
3 " 4
#&
». « %&
% 0
2 ,
+,2
0 6"
37 2
52
1"+1
1 / %
" /*. 5
. &+1
0 $
1
% 0
(
,
2
" 6 + .».
+ .
& 0 &$
" +, $
«…"*0 +
" 4
1%
+, " 0
&
" 3
6 +, 8
. $
.#
%"
3 52
+ " + & . " # +
++
" 2 0
6 +
%"
1
2
. ( && /,
%*" . 1 52
.# # " & "#, 0 6
# .
0 .
1 " 52
, " +
"
"+
3
6 +,2
" "
1, $ 0 +
,3 " $ +
.+
1. 52 2
& , 2
*$ 1.
& 6 1.». ( 8 0
" %" 7
«
4 . ++
" 52
4
/ 6 ",
* "
$ . 2 4 +
0 / " +
(
, 0 . 3
#+ ,
+ /
. &
" + »
+ .
& "
>
&
*.
( . . 0 +
$
0 && / ,
+ .
&
0 +,% " +
0+ 7 & #
*
&+1 % "
1 .
"
7
"
"# +
"
.0
0
"
"
", &
" " "> 4
" 0
- 52
. 0 2
$, . ( " +
$ .0
! /&#
& *4
+
&
" 1
% 0
" 52
%
" +
%*" ,
0 6 &
& "+
(
, # " /& 1, $ ! /" & . "
%" &*"
+,
#0 "+
0 && / " +
*
"1%
+
0 &0
153
«;
»,
% #37
1 " 2
"
"
*
,
$
.
8
2 #00
"
*+ 0 $
"# 20
1 1 2011 2. *"> 2 0 % &
52
4#&&
0 &
3
.
0 &
"
+, " "
#+ .
>
1 . /&# 52
.
(
."
0
&
%
+ / + ,.
) 0#7
*
> 2
. 0 6
0 .
1
" / .« +
» " 52
" 0 &&"
% 0+
"
2
"*" &
.
4"
" 2014 2.
+ " + 1
0 % 6 3
+ .
& , &
" " "> 2 " % 7 #
6
+, *4
". *&" 2 1
%
0 .
1,
> 2
, 0 % 1"+
3
2
1 - ;. +
, %@1"+1+ / +
&
0 2 " * 2+ " *. " . " 2 . – .#++
.
., 8.
.
+ .
2 =.
52
(90- 2 &* ;; "
)0 # + " ,
$ 0 + &
"*0 +
# + " 1
+ 2 & . .
*"
+, "
.#++* .
(
,« 2
2 " $ "
,»
.&. .
1
". 1+ " " #
+ .
&#, "
8
0
4 & +
5
#7
0 1/
0
52
4
>
.
0 6
0 .
1, 0 &+ /
*
> 2 .
0 && /
* 0 % &
. 52
;.
% .,
*+
$
0 " +.
+ * " 2 +
-+
# + " 1,
"*&" 2 ">
1
+ 6
*.
+ . "
!
,
$
1 4 «
#0 6
*. "
. ».
. #+ 0 % &
;.
%
" $
&
% 0 %" +
.
*. 0
2 "
.
+
. ,
,
. % 1" +, «0
%
,
"1% ,1 0 "
$
2 #00
"
,
0 8 .# " 0
# " 52 #&#
%2 "
" ,
+,
(
.». «!*
. / . 0 & +/ ,
%2 "
" ,
.
. , 0 8 .# .*
0
+ 2 "
,
0
2 "
4
" /
. « +
»…
17
. .
4 & .
>
0
+ .*…
!* 0
/ +
#& * " .
,
>
.+
. # *+
0 " +,
0 1 , .* %"+ + #
%
5 .#+*,
2+
.* + & " + .
.# 0 6
#», – % 1" +
;.
% .
" " 3 $
&, 0 "
" " +
.
+
"
* ,0 +
$
5 " # 6 .
. 4
4
"
$ "
. #+ 1
1 1
2011 2. (
0 & " & + "
1%
+, " "
>
6 06
4
2 0
" . /&# 52
.,
(
.
# 6
,
* 0 &$
#+ " /
,
2
+, 2
%"
1.
2 #00
%
#
"
154
+ 2 52
, (
# 6
2
$ " + 1
.
+
" 6 +1.
++
"
% 0
.
+ 6* #
0+1+
"
#& $
" ,
" 8
+
#/
*+
0+ % $
+, * 0* . .
2011 2. " $
& + 0 " & + ,
4
".
* "
* #$
1
. /&# "
#/
*.
+ .
52
, (
# 6
" #%+ .
".
* &
" 1 0 &# .
" + 0 " &
$
4 "
*4 0
6
"2
&
.
,
#$
#0 "+
3
.,
7
3
. & +, *. "% *"*. #
" .
. &.
. &* "4 & +
0 *, 0 6 +
* 0 & *" 2 & +
. &. 0 "*
4
#$
1
0 " & + ,
# 6
% .+
" + 6 +,3 0 "*>
0
$
4
"* ",
&
6
*+
0 "+ *
#
0+
2
#& $
" . /&# "
+#/ 7 . "
,
#2 %
%.
8
. %. .
* #0 1 " 0 && / #
, * 8
.
. 8+ . . "
2
) 0 &
% ,&
"#1 "
. 4!
" 52
,
" " 3 $
&, % 1"+1+
"
0 % 6
"
7
2
" 52
+ (
+3$ " 2
2#+1
5+
. «! /&#
& *
2
& +/ * #
, & "+
$ , "*0 +
7
2
&
" 1
%"
3 0
6 + ,
% , 0 . 7, (
#
"
>
0
+ .*…», – 2 "
+ , "
".
. % 1"+ "
*4 " & . " (
# 6
7 " 2009 2.
" #& *
"
4 "
+
" 0 0
. + 0
. 26
1 1 2011 2. " 0
- 52
. 0 2
$, ,
" %#+,
*4 0 2 +
+
&" &6
0
4 " +#/ 7 4, 0 & + #+
#
"
, 0 &+ /
" 5 6 +, . % 1"+
2
&
2
.#
., $
«…8
*+
2 $
0 & .
*
6 &
….», % 1" , «
0
.
+ & "
0 &
1», $ ,
.
,0 "
" " + ,
+ .
& ..
( 6
+ /
1 0 % 6
+ .
&
* # + + 1 " 2000$ + 2010-4 22.,
8
"1%
+,
4 & .
,3
%" " ,
2 " -8
. $
"1% ,
7 " , "
* 0
" 0
*
.&.,
#
0+1 , 6
.
+, *
+* "
2
) 0 &
% ,
% " 1 6
,
".
2
#& $
"
"
,
4
*.
& " 1. , 8
. %. .
%. .,
"
".
. 0
" &
"
" > .
+ .,
.17 . 1
"
&
" " ,"
2
.
155
1
www.mfa.gov.tr/pakista-turkey-joint-statement_-ankara_-october-27-31_2008.en.mfa
2
The Nation, 18.01.2011.
3
The Nation, 18.01.2011.
4
http://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-englishonline/Politics/11-Apr-2011/Pakistan-Turkey-vow-support-for-Afghan-talks.
5
www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-contentlibrary/dawn/news/pakistan/13+gilani+launches+trail+phase+of+islamabadistambul+train+service-za-06.
6
http://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-englishonline/Politics/01-Nov-2011/OBL-history-Asif-for-fresh-start-with-US.
7
http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/02/regional-solution-to-afghan-issuesought.html.
8
www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=174437.
9
http://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-englishonline/Regional/Lahore/10-Sep-2011/FoDP-assures-support-to-Pakistan-ininstitutional-capacity-building.
10
http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/01/turkey-wants-afghan-pakistan-summitto-reduce-mistrust.html; Dawn, 01.11.2011.
11
http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/01/turkey-wants-afghan-pakistan-summitto-reduce-mistrust.html; Dawn, 01.11.2011.
156
). .
!
<
) (
<
! "
(
"
0
+ . "
4 ) 0 &
0*
$ + ,
%# / 0 + % " >
1
.
"
"
*.
*-0
&
+, 6*
*-0
/&
* , 0 1">
"
+,> .
+ $
"
" 4 2 /& , 0
.#7
"
.#/$ , "* #/& * *+
> , & " .
&"
2 $
0
+ .*:
4"
#
$ 4 #
&
.#/$
5
+, 2 " %
&+1
. +, 2 " 0
%" &"
+
1.
>
8 4 0
+ . %
$
.0
*4
$ 4 0
+
& % $ *
%#+,
*, 1"
0 &" &
*
# " & " . % 0 &
" 0
4 2 #&
". & . %
4
%#+,
"
+
#
0 + .
, 2&
& 6
2 0 &" " +
+, 4
" .
"
,,
"% (0,0 ( "-- ,
. 2
+ '" 2
+
( "
+, " % 0 &
" 0
4 2 #&
" 0 "
$ +,
" %+ / +
>
8
. $
& . 2 5 $
% & $
& .
+ % "
*4 "
",
*4
+
" +
14 &+1
, *
. 6 -5 >
.
. 1. . ( + & .
+ % 6
. *+ 0 &+ /
, 1 "
4.
0 + 14, + 2 , $
#
4
*+ 0
+ .
%
.
.
2 1%* . = .# 0 %*"# 0 + & " +
* 1$
+&
5 6
",
> "> 4 1
$ ,
"#3 / % , "
" .
7
"
" . 2 #&
" .
4 0 . # 0 + & " + 0
+ 6* % +
.
( 8 .# 6
3
%" " + ,
# 6 1 "
.
,
+ >
" 4
+
7 0
2 . ( "
.
"
" *. ( "
+, "
2
% " + "
" $ * 6
*
157
" # 6 , !
,
" ,
*
#
" + .#/$ ,
0 &@1"+1"> 4 + >, 0 "
#& "+ "
+, .
1%&
",1. ( "*. 0
4 + #
,
4
1">
$
.0
.
. .
. *+ 0 + /
*
$ %"*$
0
. 6
+ " – 2
* (“gast” – 2
,, “arbaiter” –
$ ).
( "
$ +,
0
*"
2
"
2#+
" + , &"#
.
2+ >
1. ,
%
., 0 .
5 . "
1
>
1
3%
7 2
*
" 0
4 2 #&
" ( = – " 0
2 8
. $
2
7
" ,
*
– " 0
2
3% ), 0
. + ,
++
" *
>
1. ( "*.
+
.
& 2 "
1957 2.,
* 0 &# .
" + « "
&# 0
&" /
1 "
", 0
+ "
$
+*». ( + &
- 2
(1985)
!
4
(1992) 2+ >
1 + >, $
$
& 0 + 1+
.
& 2 " ,
"
1
+,>
# $
1.
.
$
%
&
+, "
, 0 &# . " 37
"
&# + $
, "
&# 0
. 7
, "
&#
"
0 " &
,
0 01
" " +
+, "# . $
,
"
#2
*4 0
0
+ , #0 * .# #+,.
7 * (
).
0
$
" 4
, " #0 "> 4 "
, " %
+ . 2 $ +
*
, "
*4 " 0
%" & + 1 .# #+,.
# + & / % , 0 &0
*
. ..
# " &
+
"
0 + 2 + ,
$
.# #+,.
, 0 +#$ ">
0 "
$ +
" .
,
%
.
0
1
0 / "
, &# 0 0#
& 0 6 ,
. +16
,
6, 0 +
2 6 .
+
/* 0 +
# " /& + , $ 0 6
2 6
% " >
1
+ >,
"
. + #/
, . 0
+
.# #+,.
4
2
".
! /&#
. «0+ " +, *
+» ) 0 &
" 0* & " +
"
ó+,>
.
/ " # + " 14
+,
+,
8
.
0
4 & +
# * 0 +
$
.
5
6 ,
*4 2
*
" +
" *4 0 " .
*.
2 /&
. . ( $ . "
6 ,
.
8
& .
6
&
0 " /& + , «4#+ 2
. »
% #>
+, *.
6 1. .
!
,> 0 4 & + , 0
,
#
+, . +#$
"2
&
- .
(
6 1), #& " 1950-4 22. 0
4 + 0 "* "*4 &6* %
! 2
.
1970-4 22. 0 + " # 8 2
2
&
"+1+
0
+ 6*.
" 1990-4 22. –
158
/&#3 5
6#% #3
.,3 0 4 & + , 187 .# #+,. 4
. . ! 2
5
6#%* # %/ + ,
"*& / " 1
0 1
.
"*$ 2 # + & / %
& -.# #+,.
0 " + ,
*
0 #. ,> 3
+ $
"
*4
$ 4, 0
+, #
#$ *" 3
+ 2 +, *4 +
" .
*4 (« %
*4») 2
". ( .
6
,
"
2+
$
$ *"
1
+
4 .+ . .# #+,. , "
6
– 5 .+ ., "
.
–
+ 6 .+ .
. +
40 / "
" & #2 4
4 " 0*. ( $ .,
*
%
4
/ "# 0 10 +
+,> .
+,>
" % 1
1/ +*4, 0
*4 +
0
/*4
4.
*$
0 +#$ 3
+
% #3 %
#3
0+ #, $ . .
*
$
+ 2 $ *4
4. 7
1/ +
# 6 1 #
+ 2 +, *4
$ 4, 0 &" 2 37 4 1
"
8 0+#
6 .
? 8
1"+1
1 0
1 *.
%& /
+ . &+1 #& "*4 .. 2
".
%#+,
0+*"
.. 2
" "
2 & 1>
) 0 &" 0 0
$
+ ,
& 2
6
+, 2
2 #&
" , "
%
$
0
+ 6 " % 5
%
+ 0 + 8
$
. .
+
2 , #/
#0 + + &#37
8 0: 0
4 &
+ . % 6 1 ) 0 &
" 0*. + 2 & 1
+
+, *.
#6 1.
.# #+,.
#/ 0 +
. $
( . 1
+,> 1 . $ , " " 0
*+
0
"
+,2 ,
0 , 7
ó+,> 1 – "
+ ).
+ &#
.
,, $
%& , . $
0
+
"*
5# 6 .
0 ,
1"+13 1
+, 4 . . &+1 . + "*,
.
.
" #37 4 (
" #37 4)
*4
$ 4. )& ,
7 3 1 % .+1 .
&
" 6 . , #% 3 , 2& . /
0 +#$ , 4
>
0+ $ " .#3
#,
2& . /
1 , & > "#3
.
# +
"
#, 2& "
#2#
"*4 %
.*4 . /
0 "
"
&
" .1
.&.
"
, "+ 1
. $
% .
" %
+ .
+,
"*. 1"+
.
+ «
7
"
+ .» .
*4 " 0 6 ".
, "
6
300 * .
*4
5
6#% " 0
1+
+ ., "
.
500 * . 8
$
4
.6 " 0
>+ "
+ .. " 0
4
" ("
".
+ $
"
0
%.) 5
$
&
"
0 % 6 .( 0 + & .&
*., "
0 / "
40 .+ . .# #+,.
( .. 2
"
.
*4).
*
0
3 ( +
#/ 0
+ )
"*
5
+, *
+ .
1
# 6 1 0 #& +
*"> 2 0 % &
"
/ . 4
!#-
159
..
+
& . 2
"
(
"
"
&& 5 0 &+
+ ) .
5 $
%.
8 .# + &#
&
4) 0 &
"
"% . 37 4 0 6
.
,
6 ,
* &
" " ,>
0
4 & .
4 #& ".
%. / , 8
,
"% ( *
/ ,
+,1 6 . ( " 1
*+
" 0
4 & , "
+ ., # %*" 1
2
1" " 0 .
" , &"
"*4 5
.
-0 "*4,
0*
* *& 1
+ .
4
"
, # ")
4 5 + +*.
" -"
*4,
2+
& #2 4
4
+
#&*,
* 0
7
"1
#0 %&
1 2 #&
"
*4 " 0
% & " + / >
10–20 + .
"3 ,,% "
" - +
%
,
"%
+ .
0 % +
%.
&
0 " /& + 1 " 1 2
& «0
$ *. » 1"+
1. .
, " 2004 2005 22. "
6 ,
+,2
$
$
.
0 >+
# * & .
6 ,
" " .1
*4 2
* 0
"
*" +
0 &/ 2 +
" . > *,
% " + "
*, 2
+ . 2 % *. !# #+,.
"0 "* 0 1" +
1 . 7
+ , 0
"
17
.
"+
.
0 , #/ &
$
. + > 2 0 &+ 2 ,
*
,>
7 + " .
1, $
* 0 & 1 , " + *
«0 " & 2 2 " ».
0
% >+ $
% 0 +2 & 0 +
2 ,
&
/#
+ 0# +
" +
# *
(
!#4 .. & , 0
0 $
*
1& . & #2 4 " 0
4
! .
.
6
0
0 >+ " " 4
4, 2& 0 / " 3 .# #+,.
. ( &
* 0
* *+
2
% " * "0 "* , 4 1 % 14 "
" #7
" "
1
+ .
0# +
" *
3
+,> & #2 4 0 >+
& . ++
* 0 &
*4
# .
+,
&" /
« +
»,
0 &+ / + % #
"
"
&
4
# "*& , 100 2 % +
.
0 5 2
+ 2
& 2 .
++
#&
"*&
.#,
# ,
"
+#/ 7 4
,
.
+
" 2 ,
4 &17 4 1 " 54
2
.
.# #+,.
4 0
1%
0
4 &
0 & #2 .
0 "+
1..
0 . , " 2006 2. 1& .# #+,.
4
0 " + " &
2 .
+
+ .0 &* 2012 2.
"
&
0 &+ /
0
" 2 , 0
+, #
"0 & 3
"17
*. &+1 .# #+,.
. 16 .
. & ,
" " .1
2 " #37
+3& 3
2 0
.
.
.,
160
$
" 1980 2. +
+ .0
2 * " !
"
/
"0 & +
. &
., $
0 . > +
0
.
. +/
,
52
,
,
,
"
, #"
"
0
1 ,
"
4 #$
. " 1982 2. +/
5#
+
*
$ .0
.
"
0
0
& +
.
*4 0
. $ + 6 ".
*
"
5 "
%
" , .# #+,.
5
.
7 *0
"
3 0 &
"
+1.
+, *4
+ 2
& 4
0
"* /
: «
" .
#
" . " $#/
.
* ,
4 &1 ». &
.# #+,.
2
*, 0 % *"
0 " + 4 " /+ "
2
,
+
" & ,
+ .
0 1&
" 4
$
. & . .=
+ " %.#7 ,
$ +
& +, *4 1& "*4 2 /& ,
%
.
. 2 4 2 #&
"
*4
0 +
$
4 & 1 + ,
*4 #$ *4.
1&
" 0
4
+
%" " , 1
5
1.
2+ ,
.
,
+,2
" %
+ 2 #00
"
4 & "
(
2 + "*4),
*
% " +
# " +
+,
.##+,. ,
" 4« .
/ 4». ! /
2 "
,, $ "
6
;;
+
1 "
4
" %
+ &" /
%
4
6
+, *4 6
, %
/
+3&
*4 6 " + % 6
*4 #
" .
#3 0 % 6 3
+,%1 0 "& ,,
. /
0 1 ,.
5
+ . % 6
" 0*
$ +
%
2
" +
4 &* (
*4 0 "
+, " 0 & " +
#&#), %
.
& 1 +
#
" . ( 1" + , 5 +,.*
+ .
0 "+
# * 4#& /
"
0
!#4 .. & .
0 ,
8
6
$
/ 0 & . + , # 1 0 "
2
",
.# #+,.
"
4-&
4.
& + &
/
2 *+ #
" 2004 2., 4#& /
(
& "* #/&
*+
*" , 1
+ .
"#
1
&
. (
8 . .# #+,.
2
% 6
(
,
&
%
2 % +
% , 1
.0
"
" %
,
«2&
+13
+ . #3 " #».
8
0
% >+ "
$ +
;;I "
!
+,2
" 0
1
1 + 2 0
" + « "0 " 1
", 0 &
1
.# 1%* #
#
2 #& "
2 , %
&
+,
@1" ,
+ . 5 6 +,
+ 2
, / 2 &
"*& +1 , " * &+1 .# #+,.
" #$
*4
6
% " &
14 2 #&
"
*4 #$ /&
14» . ( & & "+
.
.
2 &/ 4 &
+,2
0 "
+, " >+
$
$* # #0 .
* 1 2004 2.
2005 2., 0 4 / ,
161
" + «0 +
,»
+,>
" % 0 &
" 4 2 #&
".
7
0 &
2010 2. "
.
"*>+
2
++
6
.0 .
$ *.
%"
. «
.
1 –
. + " & 6 1».
# *
#/&
1 8 2
++
0 " +
+#
"
. 6 .
6 #.
"
0
"
" 0
1 1
+ .
4. .
8
& /
2
6
+ &#
% , 0 &
, 0
+, #
+, 0 +#$ + 0 && / #
+,>
"
.6 ",
&
0
0
"#
+
.
,
" 6 + ..
.
2 5
2 "
1, $ "
.
0 / "
3 .+ .
#
(8 # 6 5 # " 2008 2.
%" +
4 & ">
1 %& , 0 ., -.
# 6
&/ 0
0 = & 2 ).
.
6
&
"+1
# & ",
6 ", +
6 ", "*4 &6 " % %
"
5
. (
2 0 & $ #, "
.
0 / "
9
4,3 .+ . .# #+,.
.
.
2 ,
/& .
,# #
& #2 4
.# #+,.
% .
"*> , $ . #
.6 ", $
" 6 + .
0 $ "
4 1
%
(0,2%),
/ 2 & * 0
+
1
.
.
6
# , $
/&* $ "
* / "#7
"
.
#
%
. 6 2 1%* , /&* "
7
1
.6 . , . 2
0
7 3 > +*,
0 6
#
"* > .
% "
.
% . ( 8
0 $
6+
2 + !
+, 0
1+ 0 &+ /
= & 2
*
"
.
# 6 4 > +.
" 8 4 & #2 4
5
"
6
0 4 &
"*" &#: « # 6 1 0
1
. 3
/ ,
+
6* 0
+
" – 0 . 7,3 "* /& .
».
0 2 %
6
# 6 3 $
%
20 +
": « &
+, * 0 % &
!#4 .. & !#
5
0 %" + .# #+,.
#" / , 0 "
. 6 2 . ,>
" ».
&
%
. 6 4 2 % , 0 && / " "> 1 8
#/&
1,
3.
.
0
+ : «
.
,
+,
&
17
. 6, &
–
6 ».
6
7 " 1980-4 22. . + .
0 0* % 0
& " $ .-.# #+,.
. 0 4 & , " 5
6#%#3 > +#
& , " +
4 " 0+
4. ) 0
0
. +
. 1+ .
"
" 2010 2. 0 % &
.
% 0 " + $ % 0 + .
%
% 0
>
1
+,
0+
",
4 &/
" / 7
. -.# #+,.
. "
7
"
*4
.
4.
0
162
7 & +,> 0 >+
+ 1, 2& 0
+ . 0+
"
4 &/
" #/ & "
%
&
+,
>
.
+,1
0 + .
0
1+
.0 .
>
: % 0
+ "*
"+1 ,
" 2 #&
"
*4 #$ /&
14 > + 4
+ 2 % *
." +*
+ $
,
.# #+,.
" * (
*,
01 1, % + * 5+ 2, 0 +#. 16
%" %&
.&.).
% >
18
, > +,
..
-" 6
-" 6
2
$ " 3
+, " "* 4 .
" 0
"*4 . $ 14. ( "
+, " 8 4
#/
$ +
+, %
.. 2
.
% 0 " &
. 2
", 0 / " 37 4 %& , (
2
+ / " 10
3 1
4 "@ %& *4 " %) .
( / +# ,
+,
2+ 1
4 &
1
% #7
"
*4 2$
+ .
& 1 +,
, " +3$ 1 0 % +
%..
% *
&
0
+
"1%
2+
$
.
2
% 6 1. " 52
, (
"
.
" % .
0 "
+, " & 0
" + + >, & 2
. . , 0 " & "> 2 «8
.
0 0 " & ».
( 4 / , $
#
&
+, 2 0
.
"
0 +
+
4 &
1
.
1.
,3 2010 2.
6+
2 + !
+, % 1" + , $
# .# #+,. -2
"
" %
+ « 7 46 " + % 6
*4 6
»,
0 8 .#
. 2+
2
" , 1 "
. 6
7
" .
. 6 1 0 +
«.#+,
#+, # + %.
0
+
/ & . 2
%#+,
».
% 8 .0 %
.0
0 + & " +
4-+
0 +
$
4
>
+ 4 1 * 2
$ + .
2 0 % +
%. .
& . , . 2
#&
% "
,
%#+,
" "*
""2 .
0 + .
.
7
,> .
& " & + ,0
,: «
$#/&
. /&# 0 >+*.
*.
+
.
%
% $ + 1
" 1980- 22., $
0 " +
"*.
+ 2 % *.
+
" 1.…
+,> 1 $
, .. 2
"
4
+
+
. 2+
11
# "
,% 0 & * 6
» .
(
1 * . *"
*4
4
– " 2 + >, 0 ++
", & 37
" .
* 855
.
+ .
4 0
1% " .
+ 1,
$
% 2 &-&"
" " %
"
1.
&, "
*
– 0
+
$
.
0
+
" 2&
.
1 0 +#$
3 .
. +,
0
*+ .
#3
0
*+, & 3 " 0 "#3 $
&, 2
*,
+ 2 +, * . ( 8 .# 0
*4
$ 4
0 , #/
" ,
+,%1.
.# / #" +,
1 2
",
163
& 0
6 1 " 2& "*%*" 3
+ %
#3
6 3
+, "
-&
".
0 , $ %"*$
#3
6 3 "*%*"
& 0
6 1
$ 4-.# #+,. .
8 . +#$
0
. "*4 &1
+,
0 "
+, " 0 *+ 37 4
,
.# #+,. 7 *, "
. $ +
,
* #
+ , "
46 0
4.
(
>#. 1
6 1 .# #+,.
0 %"
+ >, #
0 ,
" #.
. >
+ .
.
.
0 "+1 , "
"*
2
* " 4
$ 4 " % 0 & * 2 #&
" .
4
" 1 %
"
,: 0 +#$ ,
# 4 "> 4 2 /&
. . +, *
#..*
" +3 *4 0
" & ".
0
+ . % 1
&
*
#7 2
+
1
1
.
3& –
0 &4 & 0
+ . 8. 2 6 .
( &
"+13
"*
%*"
1 &"#4 0 ., .
" # 6 ,"
%
" .1 "
$ "> 4 1
# 6 .
$ . "
.
.
1950-4 22. &
! &
"+1+
% .+1 ": « * 0
4 + "
#, "
0 +,%#
1
. 1
" .
1
4
. * & +/ * "+ & , 3 "
# ,1
& # "*
" + 5 6
"
*.
$ . ».
0#
"
" 2010 2. & + 0 ., -.
. . = & 2 : « *
& +/ * 0 +
,3 "+ & ,
. 6 . 1%* ., 4
>
, 0#
# +,
0 + 1 , %
*
.
».
$, #/
&
" %" 7
& #,
#
& +/ * " & 1 , 1
" 6 +, -8
. $
#3
0 +
$
#3 / % ,
*12
. (
8 .
+ 2 % 1 0 6 5
# 6 4 2
6 0
" #4 & + #& - "
,.
.
8
«
" 1 0 6 5
» 2
" "*>+ "
4
0
&
0+ .
.0 .
* "*%*"
1 "*
4 + 6
.
,
6 ,
+
& #2 4
2 #&
" 0 & .
" + 0 +
0
/
0 +
& 0 6
–
. +16
–
2 6
.# #+,.
4 2
""% 0 &
" 0
7
" . +1
+ .
1
–8
5+
2
1
7
,
1$ .
+,> , .
+,
" %&
"#
0 & *"
& 6
*
# + & / %
" 0 6 ". ! /
0 &" & ,, $
" 0
6 #. #& 8 .# " .
0
"+1 , 1.
" +,
0 4 & >,
.* + :
"& #2
++
6
0 ",
0
% &
.
0 2+ 7
4
6 " + % 6
0 +%#$
+ .
6 " + % 6
.
&, #"*,
&
"
+,
,.
0
.
"
+
164
+ : %,+
"% " %' " %!" ,
!# #+,.
2
* – 8
+ >, $
,
#& "*4
. 2
",
# 6 1
.
/
$
,
7 .
"*4
. 2 6
*4 0
+ ..
3& " %
4 & .
, "*1"+
1 $
2
%
7 2 .
.
.
*
7
0 + /
1, .
. +,
0
+ /
*
$
.# +#$ 3 – .# #+,.
.-2
..
.
., $ "
$ + ;;I "., 2& "
" > + 1&
$
" 0*,
7 1 $ +
,
+
1 27 #$
13
.
"
3% " 2010 2., 0
6
., &
2+ 501,3 .+ . $ + "
+1 .. 2
"-.# #+,.
#0 + 0
+ %
+,
& 8%
(0
8 . $ +
,
+ 2 +, *4 "*4 &6 " %
+ .
4
2 #&
"
1
%"
).
".
.
*. .##+,.
.
0 &
"+13
#0 #3 0
%#37#3 +#.
.
.
/ , $
0
2
" " ) 0 & #3,
0 , "
$ #3 " 0# 0 & +/
1.
+,>
# " &
+
0
. 3 , $
&/
+ . "*0#7
%
" 0
# *+
% & 2
% 2
>,.
.
+3& 3 – « #7
"+13 .
2»,
.
.0 .
0 &" 2
1 .# #+,.
0 % +
%..
+ &#37 .
8 0
( +
"* + & *
) #&# 2 & ,:
4
+
+ .
& 6
* "
0 " &
1 "*.
37 4
*4
" 0 6 "–
+ 6 %., 0
%. (" +3$ 1
2+
" )
0 " + "
(
/
#& %.) + / "
" 0 6*
«" %+3 1
++ 4 ». =
" 0
," & . ,0
# +,#3 +,
"
, " "
0 + "
;;I ".,
2& 4 0 " &# #/
, 2 & *
. &
& /
2 & 1
. /
0 & 0 & + , 2 0
$
#3 . /
5
+, #3
# 6 3 "
4
(" - 8
0 6
# + % #
1
+, 0 %/ ).
0 "#3 $
&, + &#
0 &$
# ,, $
" .
*
0
+
$
. /
#7
" " ,
% 8 0+#
6
$
+*. ( 8 .#
. 2
"
#& 0 & +/ , 1
" + / > ,
+
& +
0
0
" .
8 . " &
+, "#
5
, $
0
%&
$ 4
0
+ 1 & / " " .1 «0
» 5
" 8
. $
2
%
" 2008 2.
,
+ " 2000 2. " "@ 4 + 20,5 * . 2
",
" " 0# – 33,0 * .,
165
" 2010 2., 0
6
8 0
",
"
"
25,1 * .
14
. 0
%
0+ $ " .#3
$#3
35,1 * . $ + "
+# & / 0 & +/
.
$
. 0 +
"
1
,
$ 0 + % " >
16 + 5
" -8
. $
2
% ,
$ "> 2 1 " 2007 2.
%
$ "> 2 1 " 2011 2., 0
*4
$ 4 7
+,> " %
.
"
#3 $
&,
.
., $
+,> 1 $
, 2
" 0 &
%+ $ *. 0 &+ 2 .
0
,
2 /&
"
&
% 27
, $
0
0
#&
%. 1 , " >
+
*4 " 0 6 ".
"
# 7
,> #& + , 0# +
" , 0 &
2 37#3 5 %#: « 15
+ 2 $ + "
–"
#3
2#!»
2 6 1 + & / & 0 0#+16 1
*4 " 0 6 " 0 1" + , "
0 +
.
"
"
*. ( $
0 +"
" 0
2
+
1
+ +
1
0,1 & 0,5% " 2 & %
$ 0
%&
.. 2
",
2+ " *.
% . .# #+,.
4 2
".
#+ 6 4
0 &0 1 14 "
/ . /
"
, + & + 6 2
" 0 6 .
8 –5
.
+ #/ " - 0 % &
.
/ & + 5
.
6 ( 2 ),
"
0 "
*
. /
$ , 1 "0 +
%
.
.
6, "
,3 $
&, + &# 0 &" & , %.
. /
5
+,
# 6
" "1%
«
.
" +36 1. » "
"
5
+ / .
. (
$ %& , (
% 0 . 7
!) 0
& + 8
.
16
1
* 1$
+ ., #
">
+
*
+ . .
/ 6 " 4+* #+ "
+ 3,
%
. (0 - 2
" % ) –
" & #2
*
.
& . , "
" 0
2 #&
"
#&#
1 , 0
&
4 & .
,3
#
,
#& #
,
8 4 "* #/&
*4 0
+ 6 ".
.
2 , 0 4 & "+
« +,> . + / .
»
+ 5
", " 44
"
& #2 4
"
& 6
*4
#$
+ . % .
%.
% / %
.# #+,.
2. 2
2
. #
4 8
.
#
". ( 8 .# 0
%&
"*4 2
" "
" 0# +
" - 0 " &
7
+,>
. /
5
+,
0 1/
.
& . , + &#
0 .
,, $
"
, 0 $
. .
" . .# #+,.
. ,
, 0
#+ *,
#37
0 " "
*4
"% .
+3$ 37
&
" 1.
,
+
*
(
4) # " /&
: «
0
#/&
1 "
+ 2 » [2:257].
#2
/
"+1 : «
2& "* "
4,
*
166
" + ,
– #&
. $ . 0 > ;
2& 0
%" &
17
%
4,
#
0+1
#%*» [47:4] .
2 & 1
% + &
" .# #+,.
4 2 #&
"
%
+ . " & "
. /
0 &
% ,,
0 &0 $
+, *. 0
.# 0# 0 &
& +,
> 1
+ . % 6 1
" 0* +
- . ! /
+,
% ,, $
+ .
5
+,
– 8 .
% . &+
2 &
" 1,
1, " %. / , 0
-+
0 $
"% "
1.
.1 0
/ .
#"
" +
1
$ )
.4.
# !
" %
0
. .,
1997, . 110.
2
2, «
# », 15.09.2010.
3
2,, 20.12.2006.
4
(
, 10.2.2006.
5
2,, 1.11.2006.
6
, 1.2.2003.
7
!
&
,
# &
VIII
(
.
8
.: 2, «
# ». 20.10.2010.
9
,
2010 #.
250
2500
$&
.
10
2, «
# », 06.10.2010.
11
$ )
.4.
# ! …, . 68.
12
2,, 18.10.2010.
13
2
2008. ., 2010, . 296.
14
International Migration. A Rights-based Approach… Geneva, 2010, . 17.
15
. $ )
.4.
#
# ! //
6
. .,
2004, . $$, . 61.
16
% 6#
$
+
(
)
!
'
.
17
5
.(
.>. 5
# . ., 1986.
167
.).) '*%
:
'
!
!
«;
!
<
!
»
9
# 6 1 – .# #+,.
1
,
"
$
"
7
" ,
0 & "+137 1 $
,
. 2
# 62
7
" , " +3$ 1 0 "17#3 8+ #. ) . 2
+
1
% %& +, 2 2 0 & "
+ .
0 $
#
+ 1
"
7
"
.
%
# 6 2
& , " > + "
6 +, *
& 6 ,
%*" +
+,>
"+ 1
2 #&
"
#3 & + 2 3
" #
*,
" " >
0 + . .
. # 6 1 1"+1
1 "
. 2 #&
" .,
$
+, %
0+
%
&
+, ,
. 2
& 1 +
1 #7
"+1
1
0
.=
*+
0 & +
"4 &
" +36 ,
#7
"+
0 & # " & " .
"
+1
"
2
# 6 2 2 #&
" !#
5*
. +1
3
.
#+1 %. "* #0 + & . % 2+ " *4 0
6 0 " & + 2
. + %. ,
/ . 0 +
$
#+, # *
*. &
,
% + ,, . +
1 . & +,
. 2+
% > ,0 + .*, " %
>
0
+ 1
+ .
0 +
. =
"1%
., $
+ .
& 0#
%2
$
1 . /&#
+ 2
2 #&
" .,
0 %
0 "
+, " + >,
2& ,
2&
0 " "
,
, + .
.
0 6 5 $
1
+,
+ . " # 6
"
%+ $ * 0
&*
" . 2 .
@1 1
1 2 0 +
$
. 0 + / .
*
&
& *.
" .
+
1. # 6 1 –
+
$
0 .
2 #&
" ,
4 &17 2 1
*
6 " + % 6 . & 1
@ &
1"
#2
"
+ .
%"
0
+ . %. " " > 4
>
14
1
*+
"* / * " 0
& 0 "+
1
&#+4 . & II (1876–1909).
* 0
&
"0 &
0 "*>
. "+ 1 1
"
" 0
4 2 #&
" "
.
.0
+ / .
.
*
+
2 0 +#
"
%
1 # 6 1
.
168
. + , " 0
. & / " . "
$
" «.
» 0
0
" + ,"
+
4 & .*.
&+1 « " 2 .0
+ %. ». ( 6
* > 2
%"
1 # 6
+#/
++3
6
+ / 2
. 2 % $ 2 "% . &
" 1
2 #&
", 0
&+ / 7 4
%+ $ *. #+, # ., . 37 4
1
% * 8
. $
# + &*
0* 2 #&
"
.
" 1 & 1, % + /
1 0
%&
# 6
0# +
,
>+
"
/
" 0 +
, 2+ " *.
% .
0 "+
1) # " /&
+ 6 %. " $
"
" 0 + 2 37 2 8+ .
. &
% 6
2) 5 .
"
6 2 #&
" . + " *.
4
. 8
& ,
%"
,
"* #0 + "
#/
*
+* # 6 .
1950-4 22.
0 +
$
# 6 2 2 #&
" 0 1" + 1
"*
2
–
. #+,
1 # /# % 1.
0 + &#37
0
&*
5
& .
% 6
& + 2 $
4 0
" " # 6
"
2 .$
$ 7
+
% 1"+1 ,
+ .
*, # &*, + " *
. &. ( + "" &
1 " &
"
+
+, *4 0 2 ..
1980-4 22. " «"* >#3 + 2#» " #
0 +
$
2
0
$
" #& + , "*
& + "*.
#2 . " #
+ . (
8 . # 6 . "
#/
*.
+ .
" + , "
#&
&
"
2# 0 6
.
+
+, *4 0
. . &
*
0
#+ *,
*4
+ ,
" .
1 # 6 1,
+
& " ,
, % *
7 *,
+ % .
* " 2 $
+ .
. 1
. 2+
> , 0
+ .* # &
4
".
& #2
*, " # 6
0
$
" %. /
# 0 >
+ % " ,
+
. &
% 6
* 0
% 0 "+ $
1
+ . .
"
+
# 6
0# +
0
. + 8
" 1924 2.
%& + &" #0 "+
1: 1) 0 "+ +, 2 >
; 2) 0 "+
0 & + .
+ 2 .
#$ /&
1 *+
%& * & . %
.. =
# %*"
,$ "
" .1
+
"+ 1 +, *.
+ . "
$
+ , "
*
+ 2 % * & 1 + . &
4 " "+ $
" " #
0 +
$
0 6
* *+
/ +
+, *..
+ . " # 6
.
&
& * 4
.
*$
2 " 1
#7
" "
" # 6 . 2 #&
" $ * 4 " & "
+ . : 1)
1%
" 2 %, (. $ +# 2 2+ " *4 0 &"
+
1
"«
>
& %. » « # &/ %. ».
.
8
0
+
+ .
" 0 &
"+1
" #3 0 2 &#
0#
&
+ % 6
+ . " # 6 .
2)
% %! , %2 %, (. =
" & 0 +#$ + "
5 .+
"
0
169
&" /
. « 6
+, * "%2+1&» (! ++
? 3>).
0 1"+
.
0 +
$
# 6
«
# /# % » "
. « 6
+, 2 "%2+1& »
+
+3& , 1 0 + .+
.
*.
+ " . , 8" +36 1 "%2+1& "
" «! ++
? 3>»,
1 0 " +
+#
(
+ 2 &
" 1
%&
3 "
(
0 " &+ "
%"
1 (( ),
+ " %. /
2+ " *.
% . + 2 & 1 0 &0
.
+,
.#
+ " 3 «
+
2+#
».
.
% ., . /
" ,, $
0 +
$
+ .
+ 0 &#
.
+ .
4
++
# + ",
#.
.
+ .
# /# % . 3) ) ,0' ,
"" 2 %, (.
*. "* /
. 8 2
0
+ . . /
$
,
0 "+
0 & + .
+ 2 ,
1"+1
1 2 #&
" *. #$ /&
.
4 &
1 " 0 1. . 0 &$
00
0 ., -.
.
0
.
#$
1" 0 & +
5 .
"
" #
0 +
2 #&
" . 2 5# 6
% +3$ 3 1 + >, "
#7
"+
2 #&
"
0 +
"
+ 2 %
5
. + " 1 % & $ 8 2
2
" ., $
*
& 0#
,
&
+ % 6
+ .
2
$ ,
2 "+ 1
0 +
$
0 6
* "
.
&
. ,, $
"
. 4 # 6 2 2 #&
"
# #
8
& " +,
"+ 1 +, 1 0 +,%#
1
+,> . & "
. 2 /& .
4)
'%
" 2 %, (.
0 " + ,
8 2 " &
+ .
. 3
"
* ,
2& & /
0 1.*
"1%
. /&#
& *. 8
.
. 2 #00
" . .
+
& +, *4
+ .
"
# 6
0
% $
+,2
.
, &
4 "+ 1
# +
4 & .
.
,, $ 0 &
1 +
5
6 1
0 &0 + 2
$
2
%2
$
1: $
. /
2 "
,
+,
4 "% . "+ 1
,
4$
$ . + 1
& #2 & #2 ..
. 4 &
#
.
+ . "
6 +, -0 +
$
/ %
# 6
" .
4 & . #& + ,
. &" /
1
4#++* 3+
. 5 .
"
"
&
#5 %.
# &/ %. &" /
. 3+
"
%#+,
#7
"
*4 %.
" 0 +
$
8
. $
/ %
# 6
.
"
8. 2 6
# 6 4 2 /&
) 0 &
2
$ + ,
. .
# 6 .
2 & 1 " # 60# +
&
"#
. /
"
# #
6 6 ,
4 &17 4 1 0 & 0
"
+, " . 8 2 &" /
1. . 0 &+ /
2 %
«», /#
+ «
»,
+
+
3
«
$ »
1& & #2 4
& ".
"
5 . 6
.
".
&
+
170
" &#7 4 "* > 4 #$
*4 % " &
14 - , " 0*
%
2#+1
0 " &1 1 . /&#
& *
5
6 ,
.
*, 5 #.*
6 +,3 %#$
1 & + 2
6 +
&" /
1
. 3+
.
/
"+137
8 2 &" /
1 1"+13 1
% "
+, * 0 2 ..*
0 5
+, *
2 ,
* 0 " &1 1 " ,.
2
% "
"*
.# " .
>
. 3+ #
&
# 6 4
+ .
"
&% $
.
& *
+ .
4
2
% 6
&
" 1+
" 8 2 &" /
1 "
., $
0 %" +13
"
.#
+ >.
#
0 +,% " , "
" %. /
&+1
« %" 7
1
+ .
& + 2 ».
" &
. 3+
*
"
+ . % 6
# 6 2
7
"
#" + $ + , 0 +
2 0 0 " & , "
"* #0 + % 1"+
. & %" +
& "#> .
. , 3
" "* > 4 #$
*4 % " &
14,
+
2
#3 "+
.
#3 0 % 6 3 + &
&" /
1
" +
., $
0 +#$
"* > 2
% "
1" /
+3&
1
. >
4
1 +,
, . 3+
"
+
+,
" > 2 " & .
+ . % 6
# 6 2
7
" 0
& +
& " +, " " *4,
* 1"+13 1 «4
+1.
"
# 6 2
2 #&
" ».
.
1
, $
5
$
. 3+
#/
+ &#4 "*. + &
. "0 +
.
1 +, 2
0 "+
1,
$ 1
" .
*. 0 + & "
+ . %"
2
2 + "
& #%% .
&
#
(1878–1960).
&" /
1
. 3+
4
+
& 6
# &/ %. ,
. &" /
1"+1
1 $
,3
$
1 « # &/#+ »,
%&
2 " # 6
"
0 + ( "
.
"
"
*. (
. +
3
$
« # &/#+ »
4 & + , 0 & % 0
.,
. #
0 " + 23 2 & " 3 ,. 4
*+ 4. 1950-4 22. 0 "
+, "
&
! &
0 && / +
# &/
". &
" 1999 2.
0 + «0
. &
2 0
"
» (28 5 " +1 1997 2.) "+ *
" 0 % + & 1 +,
,
$
1 « # &/#+ »
5
0
"
$ 7
" .0
6 0 "
2 2 #&
" .
# 6
8 0
*
7 3 " .
8" +36 3
"%2+1& "
" &" /
1 . 3+
.
, " " .
«4 + &
"
*»,
2&
+ . 2+ " *.
% .
0 +,% " + 1 # 6 . "+
1. " $
" «
& " » & / "
1
0 & "+
1
..#
$
4 &
$
, "
. 4
« # &/ %. » *+ 5 .
"
" 2
& «
%
+ . %.
6
+ %. .». ( + 1980-4 22. &" /
. 3+
171
#0 +
. 0 " &
1
+
+,
8
. 0 +
> 1+ , + 2 & 1
0
3
"
*4
% "
+, *4 #$ /&
.
1990-4 22.
%"
. 2+
+ % 6
# &/
*
+ #& +1 , "
+,>
" .
1 2+
+, *. 0
. + . .
$ + 2000-4 22. . /&#
.
. 3+
(
*+
5 .
"
1
" 0 " 1
+ 6 1. ! 2
# &/
* + 2 & 1 0 && / (
. 2+ 0
# , " 3$
#2
% 1 , " "+
*4
# # 4 # 6
"*
0
*, $
5
$
0
" +
4 " 0 & +
#3
% "
.
,
0 "17
0
. ( 8 .# 2 & 1 $
, %
4
1"+1
1 #/
+,>
.
. . = & 2
, $ . 0 + & "
+1.
. 3+
.
*.
+ " . ,
, 0
6 +
, % *
"
1 0 + 2 ,, $
8
&" + &
"
& + . #&#7 . % 0
" 0 "
1 1 "
0
".
+
,>
# &/
* $
+ ,
" #& +
*.
" 4 0 + $
4 0
*,
2 & 1
0
0
" 13 1" #
( .
( "17 1 0
1,
+ & 1 >
.
&.
" *.
#
. , & +2
" .1
. + , &
, &
$ *4 " %. /
"1%*" , # 6 .#
7
"#
0 & +
*
"
%"
1
%*" , "+ 1
.*>+
# 6 2
& . 6 +14 #
18 2
&
*+
%"
#
,
% 0 "+ $
" 3
# # &/
",
+,> "
%
*4
0
1
" " 4 0 +
$
4 0 &0 $ 14. &
0
8 .(
. + , #& / , " " 4 1& 4
" « 6
+, 2 "%2+1& »,
%& +
*4 . /&#
«
"+ 6 "», 0
# , %& "> 4 ( , «
& 6 +
"», 0 &
"+137 4 "
17 " .1 (
3 $
,1.
8 .
* 1, 0
% > &>
#
2 "
% " 2010 2.,
.
" 3 1
*. # 6 . 8 0
. "
$
" "
2 #&
,
2 0 " / 6 . « 6
+, 2 "%2+1& » 0 « # &/
.# *+# ( ».
( "*
*+
$# ,
,> , 2&
# 6
2 % * «
» – 2+ " 2
5 . 6
2
$
«! ++
? 3>» – *+
%. 7
.0 .
#37
" &
2& > 2 + &
& 0# +
0
( ()
%
+ .
%"
, %
0 + 8 2
6 &
. +1 *+*$&
2+#
0
0 & &
+1
(
2
"
% + ,
. &/ (
.
" . 0 + & . "* #0+
" & +/
0 & &
+1 2+ "
00 % 6
0
"*
$
172
.
+ % 1" +, $ «
"
»" 0 $
, 8 .#
6 &
# . 3+
,
* + $
0 %"
+
"* % +
0 0 " &# +#$ "> 2 1 "
/ +
1.
0 . .
/
& % $
6
"
(
% 1"+
1 . 3+
, & +
*
. "
>
«2#.
6 ».
&
# &/
"
2& % 1" +, $
5# 6
.
& 2#.
0 . 7 ( () 0
& 0 " &
. &
6
+ & " +
* "%1 ,
% >
# %+,
4 "+
,
«
0
2 , "
.».
4 /&
&
+,
8+
,
0
2
#" & " 0 %" +1 2 "
,,
.
.#.,
&
&
6
"%2+1& " " #
0
.
.
2 %
“The Wall Street Journal” 4 3 1
2010 2 &
*+
0# +
"
,1 /
#
, "
%+ 2 + , "0 $ +
1+ &
# &/
" . 3+
+,
2#.
6
« > . > # – ( +
,
>
2 #% – 2#.
1 0 . 7,».
# 6 2 0 0 " & ,
0 "+
1 0
"
2
%
" 8
6
+ 0 +/ &
,3
0
& + " # 6 4 ! >
#3
&
#
3. ( .
3 "+ 1 +,
> 2 # 6 2
+ 2 % 2 & 1 +1, #$
. «2#.
6 », 0 /& $ .
0 "+1 , « +
+ 3 "
&*» "
% , + & " +
*
0 +#$ ,
2+
%
+,
4 "+
. «=
*+
"
+, », –
% + . 3+ ,
..
#1
* 1, 0
% > &>
#
2 "
% .
% #$
" 6
0 +#$ ,
% >
%
+1 1"+1
1, 0 .
3
. 3+
,
«%
. "*% "
%
+,
. "+
1.» «
0 %" +
> ,
0
+ .# 0+ & "
*.
% .».
%2+1&* . 3+
2 "+ 1
" #
# 6
" 0 + &2 &*
+ 0 &" 2 , 1 7
+, .#
+ %#. =
"1% ., $
&
. 3+
5
$
+
+#/ ,
$
.
"
. 0
$
4 &
"
0
"+
,
0
+, #
& /
& .
$
4 0 %*" "
0 "+ *
+3$
+,
#
0+
+
, " 0 .
%"
. /6 " + % 6
2 & + 2 .
+ &#
.
,, $
% 1"+
1 . 3+
, 0 %"#$ ">
5
+ &
#
"
>
«/
»
%
+1
«2
%. »
"
",
+
/ &
,3,
"
&+1
" &
+ . % 6
# 6 2
7
" . ; 1
%# 0 + 8 2 " # &/
4 !
0 1" + , « 0 "&
+, * »
, ,
% / ,
-
173
*
*4 + &
"
+ .
4
$
# 6
"
/
#& + ,. ( -" & . .#, 8
" .1 0
"
#7#3 0 0#+1
, # &/
". ! 2
# 6
5 . 6
+
$
%&
1
+ ,
+ " . . 3+
& #.
., & #2
" "
" +
2 ,
%" "
+ &
# &/
" « % &
. - ,
. 37 . 0 &
"+
1
., $ 0
4 & " # 6 ». + "
. 3+
%
" +
4
&
"
%
+,
4
"+
,
#3
& + # 6
0 .,
.= & 2 ,
%" ">
4 «0 1"+
. 2 #&
"
2
%. »
«
$
>
».
" .
",3 . 3+
% 1" +, $
"0 "*
+*>
+ 2 "
+,
2
% 6 ,
& 2#.
0 . 7 ( (, %"
*
/
& % 7 * 0 "
"
& $ + "
2#.
0 . 7 – Bnsan Hak ve
Hürriyetleri Bnsani Yardım Vakfı – BHH).
0 . ., $
.
8
2
% 6 1 "* #0 + "
$
"
6
2#.
6 .
"
, 8
*+
%
. 3+
.
6 +,3, $
*
% , % $
& 1 +,
(. « #&
% ,, *+ + 8
6 1 0 +
%
"
+
», –
.
+ # 6
0 0 " &
" " .
",3,
.
1
"1%, 8
6
0 + & . " #
0 +
$
.
*1. "
, "1%
*.
. "+ 1 1 00 % 6
& 0# +
0
"
%#+,
. *
+ &
.
0 &
"
+1. + 2 "
+, *4
2
% 6 ,
. 37 .
>
$
3 # &/
",
1 +,
. & " + & / , 1 0 & +,>
0 &
2
&
6
"
%*" , 0 . 7, /
+1.
%*
+, 0 +
2 ,
#&
0 +#$
5 6 +,
% >
%+1.
/ &
" +, $
6
8 4
*
& +/
% 1 , 1
.
1& # 6 4 8 0
" $
, $
0 % 6 1 . 3+
2 0 + & "
+
. 2
$ +
*+ $
. # &/
*
"* #0 +
0
" .
&
2#.
6 , 0
"
.
& "
0 " &
1.
@1
8 .# + &#
,
"
4 0 1 14,
«"+
,»
« 0 "
"
». %"
, $
. 3+
&
1
"* #0+
0
" "+
$
, $
".
& .
" 2
0 &$
1 + &#0 +,% " , «& 0+ .
$
.
&*». ( &
"
+
(,
, "
0 &0 $
& 3 «
"
»
.# 0 1 3,
«2 /&
0 "
"
».
/
174
% .
,8 #
% 6#,
+3& .#3 " "%2+1& 4 #
"
+ . % 6
# 6 2
7
" .
%
% ,
#" + $ "
1 + 2 & 1 0 0#+ %.#,
%"
3 2 /&
2
7
"
" > 0 +
$
. 0
*" .,
/
1
" 4 2 /&
4 # 6 , "
. $ +
+ .
4. # 6
7
" . &
% #
1,
".
. 5 . #3 1
%+ $ *
0* .*>+
1,
/ . & + 0 " &
1. . &
+, *4 "%2+1& "
0
&
0+
"*4 &
.+
& .
$
.
6
" ."
. 4 2 /&
2
7
" .
",3
. 3+
# %*"
, $
0
.
«"+
» # # &/
" .
+
$
% $
& 6
"
" * 4
.
0 &
"
+
( 0 &0 $
3 &
" " , .
& . ,
. 0 +,%#3 1,
0 . ,
«
0 », 2& 2+ " *
6
& +
1
0 " &
6
«2 /&
.
0 "
"
».
,
$, &
2+#
% 6 " 0 &4 & 4
+ .
4 &" /
>
3 4 +
*4 0
+ ..
&
# 6
.* . . & +
,
. /&#
/
# &/
"
0 +
%
"
*. .
& . 0 "+ $
1 " .
1
7 "
"+
,
*.
"
0 +,%#3 1
« 6
+, 2 "%2+1& » (! ++
? 3>). ) .
., $
(
1"+1
1
7
"
2
% 6
,
%&
" *.
5# 6
. «! ++
? 3>». + &#
/ 0 &$
# ,,
$
# &/
*
"
*
(
4 &1
"
+,
& .# #+,. ,
& 0 &
"
+
& #2 4
+ 2
& /
".
%" 7 1 ,
+ %# 2#.
6 ,
. " .
5
,$ 0 " .
"0 +
0 " &
.
,.
«
.
+ .0 &* 0
# 6 .# 1%* #», "
0
. + #$
0 &
"
+
% 120
.
.
%#+,
*
#
2 "
% 0
,
#7
"+
* 0
6
"
# &/
",
0 +#$ + / + . 2
+
" 7
1 " !
& + / & . 2 855
.
. 3+
" 13
"
"
( "
., $
0 + &
,0
*" 1 , + . .
0 +,%#1 «2 # * .
&*»,
" 6 +14 0 "+ $
1
" .
1 0 " + «0
% #3» 6 3.
$ " & ,$
" .
",3 . 3+
0
" 0
" + "
$
&
+, *. + .
. &" /
1..
8 . 0+
0 &
"+1
,1 0 +
$
2
% "
+1 # 6
2 % * «;3
» 4.
;
,
175
"
7
" .
+ &#37
0 +
$
+
. 3+
:
1. *+ 0
" 0 " &
1
6
%
>
« 3
». ( %" + #&
6 2
+#/ * 0 &$
, 1 "+
& " , 0+
" 2 #&
"
*4 #$ /&
14.
2.
2& & / + 1
1
" « 6
+,2 "%2+1& ».
3. . + 4
>
>
1
*"> . 0 % &
. # 6
#+ .
.
.
+ .
*
*
+ &
.
«+ "*4 & .
"» 3+
. =&/ "
..
4.
+
6
. . /6 " + % 6
2 & + 2 .
5.
" .1 «0
. &
2 "
2 0
"
» 1997 2.
+,
% +
0
"+
1,
*+
"
*4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
" 0
., . 1"+1
1 . 3+ , 0 .
3 .; ,. /
0 +#$ , + &#37
" *:
1"+1
1
.0
+3$
,
" ,
#& .
" " >
*
0 & +,
/ * .
( &
+,>
% $
.
#
+
# 6
"
.
. /&#
& *4
>
.
+3&
#.
, " " ..
2
$
0
" +3 2 0 1"+
1 8
. %.
&
+ %. .
"
. +#$
0 && / " ,
0 1& .
. 4 " 2 &" /
1
+3&
2#3 0 & $
,.
( &
+,>
% $
4 $
# #
" " . $
.
( 8 .#
#& "+1 , 1 0 % 6
. 3+
"
>
2#.
6 . 0 + &
2 &* # &/
* 0 && / " +
( .
"* #0 + 0
" 0+
""
*4 #7
" ,"
0
"
, 8
2 $
0 && / " + "
# + 1,
0 "+ *
/
+
.
" " #
0 +
$
4 0 6
4
*.
,&
40 0 % 6 (
" . 3+
" . 2 .
"0 & + . &
" "
0 + & 4
*
. + &
# &/
"
+,
0 "17
0
" % 0
%.
+ ,. = . /
@1
, + &#37 .
% .:
-0 "*4, 2#.
1 6 1 *+ " 0
1 .
"*.
7
" . "
$
" «8
.
».
"
4
. 3+
0
, "
>
1 .
"*.
7
" ..
176
*4, ( ,
.
1
% 1"+
1 + &
" 0
,
+ & . &
" 1. 0
% + , $
" > 0 + $
#
+ "
$ + "
. ,
% 0 & #3
0 "+
,.
4 0
"
. 4 (
+ .
. 6
"
" « 6
+, 2 "%2+1& » & / " + , #.
,3 # &/
".
.
., $ 0 + & "
+
. 3+
" 2& "* #0 + %
4
" " >
0 +
# 6
0 % 0 & 2
#
+ /
. &
" 0 + &
" .1 0 1" + , "
1
,,
&
*,
"
1
# &/
"
&
" . 6 % 2 0 +
$
2
#
, & #2 , –
&
+ % 6
. 4 # &/
", $ , " %. / ,
0 $
#
* 4 2+ "
– #. . 8 ," " 3 $
&,, 0
&
+ # +
0 $ >
# &/
." . 2 4
4.
. ( 8 .#,
0 .
3 . 3+
, 0 >+ " .1,
2&
#/
& / , 1
(
1
.
4 0
> 2
. 3+
*+ " ,. 0 &#.
*.
0
+ + >, 0 +,%# 2 &" /
3, 0
"#1
# 2
"+ 1 1.
> "%2+1&, . 3+
" .
",3 & +
&"#.* +
*
2 + # &/
.,
* "
" #0
0
* "
0 & +
*
"* " " #
0 +
$
#3 / % , # 6 . &
, 0 -" & . .#, 0
4 & , 8
#& " ,.
+ %
&+1 + &
"(
, " %. / ,
1
+ .0
. .= & 2
.
2 & 1" # 6
"
0
%"
#+ 1 "
#2 & +,>
. &
% 6
*.
+,>
" "* #0
%
%"
0# +
"
+ .
#+, # *.
*
+
$
3 , $
4 & .
" 1
0
6 1
+ . .
#2
0 + 2 3 , $
"
17
" .1 " # 6
#/
+3&
1 0 6
+ 2 %
5 . 6 ,
6 +
7
+ &#
% .
,, $
«0
% 6 3
+ . ».
0 1/
, . /&#
+ .
.
+ 6
. " # 6
+3&
1 + >,
# "
8+ *
"* 8 2
+
#/ 0 $ * ,
8
/
1
0 "* "%2+1&, . .
# &
2
+ ,
" " .
",3
.
+ 0 5
.
2
"
* ;
< "#%,
« 6 +,8
2+#
*».
.1 , . &
% 6 ,
+ .
* 0 4 &1
0 & +
#3
& 3 8" +36 .
. 4 8 2 0 6
. 13 1 4 "%2+1&*, , $
+
" / , 0 & "+ 1
. #+#$>
2 .
+, 2
1 1 0 - " .#
+ " 0
9
. , 1
" * 8+ .
*
+ .
#+, # *. ( 8 .#
"
.
-"
0
177
0 " &# &
% #0
> 4 .
4 0 6 +
" 0
+ .#
84 . #++
0
+: « + .
*
" > + 0 . $ +, #3 &
3 – 0 0* # & + , 4 0 >+#3 6 " + % 6 3,
"
#3
. 4 4
+ .
#+, # *, % $ .
10
# 6
+
+- + .
*
8+ .
#&#7 2
%"
1».
0
+,> .# $ #
.1 1 .
8 .#.
+
) 0 &
0
" 0 " +
0
+ %.#,
" # 6 ,
,
"
%#+,
# +
1 0 % 6
6
+,
# /# %
5 . #
1
"* . &
%
"
*
+ ., & 0
"
*
# + " 1. " .
.
17
" .1
+3&
1
.
+, *
8 .
>
0 +
$
2 "+ 1 1 # 6
. /&#
&
.
/ #3
+, " 0 6
%"
1 8
* 2
"
3%.
/ 2 &
" 0
# *
6
" 3 # 6
&
/
1"
. 4
", "*0 + *4
4 & . &+1 0 + 0 " 2 $+
" "
.
# 6 1
% $ +
"
" > 0 +
$
# ,
"
"# +
/ &
1. &
" 0*?
.
%
. 6
"
+
$
5 .
0 1"+13 1
2& ,
2& 0 4 &
1
" $ ,
0 & + * "*% "* #2 %*. =
1
"
3%# – 0
.#7
"
5# 6
+, .# 0
#,
$
"> .# 1 .
. +, *4 0 2 ..
#& $
" .
1&
" 0
4
>
.
"
1 " $
"
& 2
%
, %*4 "*% " " &
$
6 +, .# + 2
1 3
2 /&
"
3% . + & " ">
&
% & #2 . 8 0*
>
1
0
" " + 5 .
"
3
7 " 0
4
#$ /&
,
/
&
0 +
"
%+ $ *4 5
4
11
/ % & 1 +,
"
7 46
*4
".
.
.
" " 0 " 2& 0 / " + % $
+, *
4
. ,>
" , $, 0 &
"
+ "
+
+,>
" + & " " 0
#3 #+, # #.
0 + &
& 1 +
1
" "1%
*. " .
.
0 .
#" /
3 0 "
$ + "
+ 2 % * + &> 5
" 0* #7
"
%. + 1.
+ . 5
$
+ % $ .
$
,3 " 0
2
#+, #
2 0
" . =
"1%
0 /& " 2
.. 2 6
, 0
4 & . "
+ .
2 $ +
" 0 6 ",
/
., $
" " 0
#7
"#3 2 #&
" ( 0 . ,
+2
1), 2&
+ . 1"+1
1
+ 2
" ,. . 2 $ + 2
6
+, 2 . ,>
" .
+,>
" 0 "
+, "
2 #&
" – $+
"
0 %
"
+
5 .
+ $
178
.# #+,.
" ",
«
+
"
2 5
2 "+ 1 1. 0 + &
2 &*
" ", 0 &$
" + , $
" 2 3
6 06 3
12
1 6 " + % 6 ».
#7
"#
&
. & + "% .
>
. /&# 2 #&
" .
+ 2 1. . (
6 0 #
&
#+ " + " %
"
% *4 . & +
"
& +, *4 2 #& " 4 – $+
4
.
" 0
2 & 1
#
"#
#
"" 0
2
$
2 0 %
1 "
3% «4
. +# .». ; 1
6
2 5
, $
4
" –
2 #$
,
%+ $ *
0 "+
1, " #
" >
+ 2 % *
5+
* – *2 +
" 0 + 2 37#3
+,
"5 .
"
" 0*, 0
"
$ +
* " 1
$ 0 "&
#7
"#37 .# 0 + /
3 & +.
0 &4 &
@1 1
+ $
"
% 2+
0 " 0
#
0
1
13
"
2
*, 2&
"
+ 2
1"+1
1 + ..
" 0
. /
" , 1
% %+ $
& 6 1., . 37 . .
"
+ .
..
.
0
", " 0 6*
%
" * "
%
0 && /
.
.,
*
% 7 7 3 0
6 0
#+1 %. ,
.
1
, $
+,>
"
4
+
1
0 " &#
+ .. # 6 1
&
" 8
2
2 #&
",
,
.
, 1"+1
1
& . %
.*4 " / *4
0 &
"
+ .
# 6
#7 "#3
$
1
&" /
1,
*
1 1 0 +
$ .#
+ .#. =
+*
0
1/
& +2 4 & 1 +
"* #0 + 0
"
+ /
1
" 0
" #0+
1 " "3%.
&
% 0 + &
2 &*
# 6 1 %.
+ ,.
2 & 1
+
. 2 $ +
1 0
1, 0 &
"+137 1
#.
* 0 +
$
+ .,
+
6
0 + 0 " 2 $+
"
# 6
"
.
%"
*
%*"
"+ 1
>
" 0 6 "
0
1 3
#
"
"
.
,0
/
12 %
«! &», ..
#1
2 "*
"
"
2 * .
2 #0 "+
1 # 6
" 2004 2., . $ + , $
0
& (
" +
0
#3 % & $# 0
& " 0
.
3% ., 2
"17 . 1
$ +# 0
2 "
"
# 6
" #0+
"
. «
(
+ /
$
1
"
"
,
0 & .
" ,, $
+ .
& .
1
".
.*.
# " &
+1. 0
0 &
&
% ,, $
0 1
«6 + . %.» .
0 "
#7
" "
.
+
.
#&
1 0 .
,
+ .
" .
,,
0 +#/
0 .
.
.# . #,
@ &
" "
#+, #
179
+ &
+ .
0
+
.#3 0 " /
, & .
14
0 " .$ + "
,"
0 " . / 7 ».
= 2 "
., $ « + 2 % * 5
»
1&#
%"
*.
#&
1.
6 +, 2 , 0 +
$
2
8
. $
2 4
0 &
"+1
, %
0 01
"
0# " #0+
1 # 6
"
.
%& / " 1 ,
"*
1
+ 2 % 2 " 0
*
#/&
, 0 &
"
+
*4 2 #&
"-$+
"
, 0 .
3 # 6 4
+ ",
3 1
0
. ,
>
, 0
"
$ 7 4
7
"
.# .
3 " 4
4,
0 +,%#3
+ .
15
5
" $
" «
*
0 2 &*».
& #2
*,
1 #& / , # 6 3 " %
" 2 "+ 1 1 "
. 4
. /
2
3% , &
"#37 2
1 1 " 1 1996 2. ) $
# 6
0# +
&+1 " 3%
. $
1
" 1& % 0 & *4 ! .
4 #&
"
" .& +
1
# 6
0
" &
1 "
0 0#+
. & + " .# #+,.
.
7
" .
" 0
0
. 3 , $
&+1 #
0+
1 4
> 4 "1%
+ .
.
.
.
4 & .
%*" , 0 && / # # 6
. & +
%"
1
0 +,% " , # 6 3
+
0 &4 &17 2
& &
&+1 "*0 +
1 5# 6
«.
» " & + 2 . /&# ) 16
0 & .
..
&
#
14
>
14 . /&#
# 6
, 0 . 3
+,>
"
# 6 4 #$ *4, 0
#
"#
%*" .* «
"
0 &4 &»,
# + "+
* & +
8
# #1.*.
8 2 0 &4 & 0 &#0 /& 3 , $
0 +0 "
$+
"
# 6
" 0
.
1
2 & 1 " $
"
1%
+, 2 8 0
$
6 +
# 6
.
« "
3%# 0 &
1 .
+, -8 $
% $
. .
0 8 .#
*
" 0
#$ *
0 +
" &#
1
" %
*,
* % 7 7 3
" 0
3%
», – $
&
#
« # 6 1 " XXI ".»
0 5
.
%& 2.
"
2 « % .
>
1 # 6
" 0
2
3% »
0 > : « #2
5
,
/
0
"#37
0
4 &#
6
+, .# 0 6
#, % +3$
1 "
., $
0 & +
*
#2 –
" #0+
1 # 6
"
, –
%& " 1 «0 5
+, * +
»,
&" #+
"
0+
" 3 «
++
# +, #3
" "
,».
%#+,
0 4 + 2 $
, # 0 >
0 " &
0 5
+, *. +
.
0 "+ # 6
+
, 3
3, 0 +
$
0
180
+, "
*
2
% 6 ,
+
6
+,
# 6
0
1+
1& %
"0
& 0 6
. + &#
" %& / , 1
2 , $
*
.
" , 0
2 " *
"
. 4 «
6
».
+,
8
0 %" +
"
0
2 " * "
6
+,
0+
.
&+1 $ + " $
" ,
&+1 # 6
#7
"#
6
. #7
"#3
+,#
"
2
$
*
0
1
. 137
1
7 "
-0 +
$
0
*. " 0
3% 1"+1
1
& . %
4
7
"
-0 +
$
4 0
", " %
> 4
17
0 & +
.8 0
».
+1 0 & +
10 % 6
" 0 6 "0 " 0
# 0
1# 6
"
"
4 & . 0
+ %
" , "*
%*"
1 + &
" &
" 0*
4
2#.
*.
, *">
0 & &
+, 0 + .
2 #00* ;
& .
$
0
(; ()
.
.+ " " . "* #0+
" 1995 2. "
"
. $ +, $
0 + 0 " *. $+
.
. 2#
, +,
*,
*
1 1
" 0
4
6 " + % 6
"*4 &1 % 0 & +* 2 2 5 $
4 2
6 " 0
2
.
0 &
* "*%*"
1 & + +
8 -0 & &
+, "
.
+ .
+ "> ,
%"
2
& +1,
.
+
0 &$
#+, $
1"+1
1 $
,3 4
#+, # *
0 8 .# # 6
.# #+,.
.
+
.
"
.
.
.
0 & $# # 6
% 1"
0 + 0 " .
$+
"
.
+
"
+, $
" 0 1"+1
1 «4
18
. +# .».
*
0 &
"+1 0 " &
* 4.
1997 2.
"
3
+
@ %& " 0
44
4& .
", "
. 0
1+ #$
" ,. "+ 1 +, * 0 +
" 0*,
2 37
" / #3
+, " 5 .
"
" 0
2
7
"
2 .
1.
@ %& , 0
6
. # 6 4 8 0
",
& .
" + « #+, #
-&
.
6
*
0 &4 &».
,
" " . "* #0+
0 ., -.
3
. # 2
- + &
% 1" +, $ «
"
0 2 &
. /&# " 0
# 6
1"+1
1
%+ $
+ 2
#+, # *». ;
& .
*
+
+ 0 &+ /
"
# 6 #3
0# + # " 0 6
>
1
.
$
"
"
1
"*&" #+
+ &#37
0 $ *: 1) # 6 1
+ &
, %*. 0
+ . . ,
>
*4 5
$
" %. / ;
2) # 6 1 % $
+,
+ $
1
& #2 4
,
.
*4 " #0 , "
.(
2 . @ %& 0 ., -.
+,2
0
"
181
- 3
% 1" +, $
>
%
# 6
" 0 +" . $+
"
*+ 0
1
&
2+
. + " 4 4 & .
" " " 0
. 0 + .
..
+,6
.
+, $
# 6 1
%& +1
#+, # * , 2#. 19
*
4
6
.
«(
&+ /
, # 6
#+, #
+ 2 ,
+ $
" 0
», – 8
2+ " 1 0 2 & ,
17 1
0#
" #0+
1 " "
3%.
8 . . 2 0
+ ,
" " 20
0
,
" # 6
0
.
$ +# 0 $
2
"
0 % 6
" 0 6 "
# 6 .#
&#
* 8 0
*
1
$
.0+
*, 5 .
"
*
0 & %+, . # "
"
$
" ,. &+
+, 2 0
& . ) .
"+ 1
4
8 4 0
% + # + 1
" «"*
1 #
% " 0*».
$
4
& #.
4 #
% $
#3 #0 .
+ ,
+,
«
+
+ 2 »,
"
$
" «
$
4 " 2 "»,
21
« % #>
+
6 " + % 6 ».
+,
" #0+
# 6
+
+, #3 0
0 "#, 4 ,
&" # #3
10–15 + , " 0
1
7
"
, % " + " + ,. *1
+ ,, $
"
" 0 6*
2
"* / , " & .
2 6
.
@ &
70-. ++
0# +
,
1 &+1
4 « + > .
+,> 1,
& 1, & +
1 .# #+,.
1
».
" . 0 &#> , $
" 0 0
0
,
" 0 + &
& 1 +
"
+
.
+,
0 " 7
1 " «
" -8
$
#3
+
6#».
! 2
" 0 6* 0
3 1
. &+
2 0
$
22
+* % # 6 .
%"
*
# 6
6 + 2 =.
2
" .
0 > , $
&+1 ) 0 &
# 6 1
1
.# #+,.
.
0#
" #0+
1 " "
3%
/ & 3
+,
"*
#&
. 0 & +
*
#2 " " 0
0 %" +1
# 6
, 0 + 0 " *. $+
.
,
.
1
% $
+, * 0 %
" *
&" 2 "
>
14 . /&#
. . =.
2
0 2 % #
+ %
0
"1% ,
&
$
,$ 8
0 " &
0 + 6
.# $+
"#.
$
"
+,
"* " 0
.# 0
# # 6
#$ * 0 &+ 2
# 6
0
1 ,
"
#$
" 5 .
"
.
2 0
+ / .
& .
"
5
.
.
1
, $
6 +, -0 +
$ 1
# #
# 6
"
. 4 0
« +,>
+ /
»
.
"
1 $
% 0 %.# 0 &4 & «#.
2
0
182
+ . », =.
2
"* #0
% #$
"8 . .
.
,
+,
"
$
" « "
& .
$
23
2
+,
& / "*».
6 +14 %
0+
1 %
+
.
$
2 0 &
. /&#
%+ $ *. 6 " + % 6 1.
# 6 1
"
0 && / "
6
"* . /6 " + % 6
2 "% . & " 1. 7 &
%&
1 « +,1
6 " + % 6 » # 6 1
+
6
.
. #+,
2
..
,0 " &
2 "5 " +
2002 2., "
.0
1+ #$
*
#$
2
% 6
+ .
1
5
6 1 (" 2011 2. 0
.
"
"
2
% 6 3
+ .
2
#& $
" ).
" " 2005 2.
0 & &
+ . « +,1
6 " + % 6 »,
$ +
%*" ,
+, #3 0 && / # . /6 " + % 6
*. # + 1..
) & $
".
0 +
$
6
"*
0
# 6
1+ "
., $
* 0 &+ / , / %
0
#3 0 2 ..#
#& $
" 2 #&
"
& " 0 & "
,
0 +%
. >
.# . /6 " + % 6
.#
5+
#.
&
. .* +
0
- # 6 1
6
"
*+ " 0 1
%
«
+
"
1 6 " + % 6 ». # 6 1
+ 2 & 1 0 &
*.
6
" .
+ 0*
, 1 2
,
+,
0
&
" # 2#+
"
. /
5
+, *4
5+
".
* >
# 6
# " & " 0 + 2
, $
"
%#+,
# + ,
0 "+
*4
. /6 " + % 6
#& $
" ,
# 6 1
. /&#
&
+ 0
, «0 + / +, *
. &/»,
8 , " " 3 $
&,, #" + $ "
0 6 + «.12
+*».
. 4 " 4
>
# 6 1, 2 1 " / #3
+, " «
"
0
6 », 0*
1 0 & .
" ,,
$
0
"*0 + 1 ,
.
$
#3 0
& $
#3
5# 6 3 " 0 6
"% . &
" 1 . /&# ) 0 & .
+ .. .
..
# /&
" ., $
+
3
+, / + , 2+
+, *.
. . /&#
&
0 +
,
.#
4 & . #
" , 4
>
>
1
0 +#
. ++
& *.
+ .
. .
.,
# 6 1 . /
0 . $, .#
" 8 ..
.
# 6
0
& $
5# 6
" . /6 " + % 6
. "% . &
"
. /
2
, 0 + / +, #3
+, " 0
2 "
.0 6
. /&# # 6
" 3% ..
8 ."
1
2006 2. " " .1 " 2 "* #0+
1
" ; +,
. # "
% 1" +
.
0 " 0
.
>
1
++
, $
37
« +,1
6 " + % 6 »
%#+,
.
#
" 2 .*>+
1. (
2 .
3, 0 0
183
"
«
0# , & +2
$
& #/
. /&#
24
+ .
..
.».
,
.
1
0 % 6 3 + &
"
@ &
" 0*,
6 1
) 0 &–" /
>
0 "+
" . # 6
" >
0 +
. &
7
2
6*
.,
# 6 1 "
. & +
+,
,
., &. % " %. / *4
@
"
+ " 2 " %&
" 1
*
- ,
/
7 1 &+1
2
# &
1 0
+ .
#3
# 6
2
, "%" >
2
+,
" >
0 +
,
1"
#$ *" +
* "+ 1
+ .
2 5
," .$ + " #
*.
.
1
. 37
1
" " 0 " % /
1 0 0 " &# 0
1 1 # 6 , " 2004 2. "
/
*+
$
+,
>
* , # 6
&"
"
, 4 1 6 +*. 1& . 2 "
.
. +,
1 #"
. ! 2
+
#" & + " 8 .
%"
. 2 0 6
2+
+ % 6 . " &
4 0 " 0
#
#&#7 . " 0*
" #0+
"
#0
.# #+,.
& / "* –
+
"
&"#4 2+
+, *4 0 +
$
4 +#", # + "
%"
*4 «4
.», % 7 7 37 . #+,#
$
%
" 0
2 6 ,
8+ *. – « 7 $ + " $
.».
1
"
# 6
0
1
Fuller G.E., Lesser I.O. Türkiye’nin Yeni Jeopolitik Konumu: Balkanlardan
Batı Çin’e. Çev. Gönenç M. *stanbul: Alfa yay., 2000, . 111–118.
2
Akinan S. Hakan Yavuz konusuyor da konusuyor //
www.gasteci.com/haber14283.htm.
3
8 5 .
(
//
www.noravank.am
4
6 $
.%
2
,.
? //
www.islam.ru/pressclub
5
www.regnum.ru/news/985395.html
6
Dumanlı C. Gülen Cemaati, Milli Görü8 ve AKP // 2023 Haber, 06.06.2010.
7
Bengisu N. Nihal Bengisu’dan Gülen Cemaatine Destek // Birikim Haber,
28.07.2010.
8
Aksam, 25.07.2010.
9
Ulsever C. Gulen Cemaati ve AKP // Hurriyet, 28.07.2010.
10
Fuller G. The Future of Political Islam. N.Y., 2003, . 213.
11
Akçalı C. Kimli7ini Arayan Avrupa // Yeni ?afak, 30.10.2006.
12
Ak"am, 14.11.2006.
13
The Washington Post, 23.11.2002.
14
Le Monde, 29.03.2004.
184
15
Güresun G. Avrupa Parlamentosu’ndaki Parti Gruplarının AB’deki Yeri
ve Önemi. Ankara, 1995.
16
Ozankaya Ö. Laikli7in AB’ne Ulusal Yararlara Uygun Giri8 Zorunlulu7u //
Atatürkçü Dü8ünce, 7 (72), Nisan 2000, . 8–14.
17
Özda9 Ü. Türkiye – Avrupa Birli7i *li8kileri: Jeopolitik *nceleme. Ankara,
2003.
18
Le Monde, 01.06.1994.
19
Köstekli !.'. Türkiye ve Avrupa Birli7i. Ankara, 1999, . 59.
20
Milliyet, 26.11.2007.
21
Karaman F. AB’de Din Faktörü // Güncel Avrupa Dergisi, 1 112, Nisan
2000, . 42–45.
22
Türkiye, AB Adaylarına Fark Atıyor // Anadolu Ajans, 14.10.2002.
23
Kongar E. GOP Neyi Amaçlıyor? //
www.kongar.org/makaleler/gop_neyi_amacliyor.php
24
Kılınç R. Medeniyetler *ttifakı Projesinin Türkiye’ye faydası ne? // AB Haber,
07.04.2009.
185
. . +% %' "
!
$
9<
)
'
:
9
& *. 8 0 .
2 6
# 6
" 0
2
)
+ 0 &0
"
. 4
2 & 2 "
6 1963 2. 2+ >
1
%&
. /
2
3%
6 .
1995 2. =
2+ >
0 &# .
" + , " -0 "*4,
%
0 +,% "
1 0 >+
" "% .
2 "+
"
. .
-"
*4, + " & 6 3
2 "*4
+ $
"
*4 2
$
. , 4,
$ + , 0
2 " *
+,
&"#
+
+ % 6
2 "+ # +#2 . . -$ "
*4, # 6 1
$ + 0 . 1 , "
>
.0
%
, 4
& * " >
5(
) "
3% .
6
+
$ . 01
&6
+
2
0*
#7
" "
1
. /
2
3% 0 %" +1
& + , " / * "*" &*
7
1,
# +,
,
*4
# + "+
., $
. /
*
3% 0 & +/
" , 1 5 .
. /&#
&
2 6 ,
0 +,% "
3
$
.1 1 2 #&
"
2
+
2
2
855
"
,
& 3 1 4 + & *.
.# /
0* # 6
&
" %. /
, 6
, 0 + &" 1
.
" .
5 .*
2 6
" # + " 14 #7
" "
1 & " +, % $
+, *4 %+ $ " # " 14 8
. $
2
%"
1 . /&#
. -#$
6 . , $
/
1
2 & 1> 4
& &
"
#$
"0 &
*4
2 6
*4
0
4.
,
. .
%&
1
. /
2
3%
% *"
" # " 14 0 &#> " 2
( . /&# # 6
& . &+1 2 #1
&
"
"+1+ 8
% , $ + " # %*" 1
% $
+,*
+ $ 1
0
#
0
8
.
#$
6.
.
.
2+ >
. /
.
3% " #0 + "
+#. + &#
0 %
,, $
2 % +3$
+
" . 2 . 0 +
$
4
1"+1+ , " 2
&
.0
6
%
+
0 &
2
# 6
" 1987 2.
7
1
" #0+
" = " $
" 0 + 0 " 2 $+
.
$
3%
(
6
186
*"
, 0 + & " 1 "& 4 "+
*4 0 +
.
%*" 3 1 0
"
$ "*. &+1 8
.
. *">
0
+
6
"
=. # # 0
..
" + % +3$
2+ >
1
+ &#37 .
% .: « # 6 1 + > . &
2 % 0+
+ %
0 " &+ "
2+ >
[
. /
.
3% – . .].
+
#& 0
.
,
# /& 8
. $
1
2
+ " . $+
" 0
2 0 + .
. / 5 ». (
&
, «8
[ . /
*
3% – . .] – 0+ 4
0 &
&+1
# 6 . # 6 3 /&# 8
. $
#&
,
"* 2
3
0 +
$
$
%
1».
# 6
+ & "
+,
=. !
+* 0 > : « +1 "4 & 2 #&
" "
-+
. /
*
3%, 2 8
. $
# & +/
"
" " ,
# # & #2 4 $+
"
2 6 .
>
1 # 6
–
8
>
1 +
+
%
,
0 .
37
+
4
+, * "1%
" 0*
%
5
" 0 >+ ..»
( + % +3$
1 2+ >
1
. /
. 3%
+3& + 1 #.
*
# 6 2 8 0
0
% . #" + $
.0
% " 0
4
( ..
+ 6# 1). ( $ .
$
%
0 "*>
0 + & 2
0 + &#37 . 4
. +
& / & +,
> . 0
0
*.
. " ", &
2 # 2
#7
"
+
"*
2 , $ . 0 /& , # " 1 0
4 & +
&" /&* – " 1996
2003 22.
%#+,
#7
"
"*
& 5 6
# 6
"
2 "+
(
>
8 0
.0
#
% + , 71% " 1990–1995 22. & 58,8% " 1995–2000 22.) 0
.,
$ ,
,
. +4
$
4
( .. 2 5 1).
2001 2. " + & "
8
. $
2
%
+
*+
#7
"
& " +,"
"
.
%#+,
5
% $
+,2
8 0
(0 .
16 & 18 .+ &. & ++.) .0
# 6
% + 10 .
, ( 29 & 20 .+ &. & ++.),
& 5 6
2 " 2
+
+ 1 " 6
% ( 12 &
2 .+ &. & ++.). (
8 . 0 6
>
8 0
.0
# " %
+
55 & 89%.
#/ " 2002 2. .0
" ",
%
"*
, 0 "& , & " .
"*
8 0
. )
$
8 2
>
8 0
.0
#
" + , "
& .
# "
82% " 2001–2009 22., % $
+,
0 "*> 1
&
0
%
+, 1995–2000-4 22. – (58,8%). 2009 2. "
2 "+
# 6
0
% >+
%
/
.0
(
24%),
8 0
(
20%), $
+
+ & " . 2+
+, 2
8
. $
2
%
. &
#/ " 2010 2.
# 6 1 "
2 "+
+ %
" + , – 8 0
.0
" +
"
"
83,3% 96,5% 0
%
+
&
%
2 2008 2.
187
+ 6 1
%" (%
9 ,+
-
% 0 1%% %
(& ++. - )
(+
'
# 1990–2009 --.
.
2
9 ,+
/
%(+
(%)
1990 7 177 000 9 898 000 -2 721 000 17 075 000
73
1991 7 348 000 9 987 000 -2 639 000 17 335 000
74
1992 7 937 000 10 656 000 -2 719 000 18 593 000
1993 7 599 000 13 875 000 -6 276 000 21 474 000
74
1994 8 653 000 10 915000 -2 262 000 19 568 000
1995 11 078 000 16 861 000 -5 783 000 27 939 000
1996 12 563 345 24 320 639 -11757294 36 883 984
79
1997 13 434 739 26 118 947 -12 684 208 39 553 686
1998 14 809 293 25 282 204 -10 472 911 40 091 497
51
1999 15 424 238 22 529 938 -7 105 700 37 954 176
2000 15 664 421 28 526 902 -12 862 481 44 191 323
2001 17 545 567 19 823 457 -2 277 890 37 369 024
68
2002 20 415 034 25 688 833 -5 273 800 46 103 867
2003 27 393 762 35 140 139 -7 746 377 62 533 901
79
2004 36 580 859 48 102 744 -11 521 885 84 683 602
2005 41 364 962 52 695 793 -11 330 831 94 060 755
2006 47 934 746 59 400 922 -11 466 176 107 335 667
76
2007 60 398 502 68 611 562 -8 213 061 129 010 064
88
2008 63 390 419 74 802 380 -11 411 961 138 192 798
85
2009 46 984 604 56 594 499 -9 609 895 103 579 102
83
2010 52 685 304 72 243 512 -19 558 208 124 928 816
73
55
66
52
59
55
89
78
78
81
"+
0 : Togan S., Nebioglu H., Dogan S. Integrating and the
manufacturing industry. Turkey Economic Reform and accession to the
European Union. Editors B.M. Hoekman, S.Togan – IBRR/ WB, 2005,
. 87–121,
"
+
&
&
! #
#
'
(www.tuik.gov.tr).
188
5
1
"+
0 : Togan S., Nebioglu H., Dogan S. Integrating and the
manufacturing industry. Turkey Economic Reform and accession to the
European Union. Editors B.M. Hoekman, S.Togan – IBRR/ WB, 2005,
. 87–121,
"
+
&
&
! #
#
'
(www.tuik.gov.tr).
( 0*
. 1 "*1
, 0
4 /&
#
$ " 2 & 5 # 6
"
2 "+
.
8
6 +,3 0
+ % # .
. # 855 6
0
"
*4 "1%
"
2 "+
# 6
. ( & « 855 6
. 0
"
*4 "1% » 0
.
1
% 6 . /&#
@ . . 8 0
.0
0
0 & +
"
, ,
1
@ .#
"
0
.
+,
+
"
2 "*4 0
"
" "#
855 6
, + %
#+3; 855 6
, + %
–1
% $
1
,0
. .0
% $
+, 0 "*>
5
$
. % $
1
855 6
"
8 0
.
0 +,% "
1 &"#4 +
5
6
*4 0 &4 & "
# #
" >
2 "+
# 6 :
-0 4
# 0 +,% "
1( +
5
6 1 BEC),
-0
+ " .# 0
6 0# ( +
5
6 1 SITC).
6
&
(
+ % &
*4
1)
% $
1
855
"
1 &+1 2 #00* %" ,
& -0,318 " 2009 2.),
0 + /
1 ( ..
+ 6# 1 2 5
6
0
"
*4 "1%
0
+ / %1% "" 6
( -0,869 " 1990 2.
* , .
.
, 0 -0 / .#
-
189
1
6
+, *..
1
& 6 1
0 "*>
3
+3&
1
" 2 #00 + ( *0 !" 6
( -0,460
" 2005 2. & -0,334 " 2009 2.).
1 +
.%
, %6
, " 0 + &
+,
+
% $
855 6
#0 + ( 0,577 "
& . % 0
& 2001–2003 22. & 0,357
" 2009 2.), &
0 & +/
" , 1 0 + /
+, *., $
2 "
., $ 8 0
# 6
0 8
2 #00
"
"0 + &
& .0
..
; 1 % $
1
855 6
" 1996–2009 22. &+1 ,
, 6 # 2,
"" 2 + '0 1%%
" + ,0 + /
+, *. ,
& .
" + #
$ "
& 6
#. & "
+, , 0
4 & +
" * 0 6
% #0
.0
2
+,
4 %1
"
2
* ,1,
* & /
+,
#" + $ + 1 "
$
" 2
.
" . 2 0
& ( .. 0 + /
,
+ 6# 2).
1996 0 2009 22.
. $ + , #
$ "
6
+,
% $
855 6
0 + '0 1%% ' .
8/ 2 + (
"" , % ("
& . -0,38 % 14 + ), $
"1%
.,
$
0
1/
" 2 0
&
# 6 1
" + ,
#0 *.
- .0
. .
+, 2
* ,1, " 0 "#3 $
&,
8
2
$
2 .
.
% $
855 6
0 + '0 1%% . . 8/ 2 + (
"" , % . + #
$ "#3
& 6 3
# ( – 0,363 " 1996 2. & -0,085 " 2009 2.), 4 1 % $
1
2
" + ,
/
#+1. 8
"
2 #00
+ &# "*& + , 0 % 6
«
+,»
«2
" 1 & /& », 0
*.
# 6
8 0
0 "*> + .0
0
1/
" 2 0 & (% $
1 855 6
"+1+ "
& . % " ,
0
& 0,3–0,4 &+1 «
+1»
+
0,9 &+1 «2
"
& /&*»). #7
"
*
% $
855 6
%
. " .* 0
& . /
.
, " 0 &2 #00 4 «. >
#& "
, " .$. "
0
*
& " » (
-0,743
" 1996 2. & -0,153 " 2009 2.), « 5
+
..#
6
#& "
(
-0,678 " 1996 2. & -0,147 " 2009 2.),
«0 &# 6 1 " .
+
+,
0 .*>+
»
(
-0,699 " 1996 2. & -0,053 " 2009 2.).
+, *4 0 &2 #00 4 + '0 1%% . .
8/ 2
+ (
"" , %
+3& + 1
+, % $
+, * ,
"
/
% $
855 6
(
-0,609 " 1996 2. & -0,393
" 2009 2. 0 0 &2 #00 «/ + %
+,»,
-0,835 " 1996 2.
& -0,807 " 2009 2. 0 0 &# 6
4 . $
0 .*>+
,
190
-0,409 " 1996 2. & -0,010 " 2009 2. 0 0 &2 #00 «& #2
0 +#5
*»,
-0,556 " 1996 2. & -0,150 " 2009 2.
0 0 &2 #00 «& #2
0
+,
" *»).
; 1
&
% $
855 6
" 2 #00 ' 0-%
1
. ,> .
& 4
" *4 2 #00
" " (-0,52), 2005 2 & " 2 &
.
1"
0
.
"
1
& 6 1
# ( -0,368 " 2005 2. & 0,2 " 2009 2.).
(
+ %
" " &
. #
855 6
" 0
"
*4
"1% , . /
% ,, $ " "
# # 8 0
# 6
"
/
,0 % 6 ,0
*.
+,
-8 0
#
$ " ,
, 1& 0 % 6 , "
*4 .0
1 % "
.
,
*0
0
/ + ,.
#
0+
8 0
*4 0 % 6
# 6
"
2 "+
" &
+, "#
"
& 2 & "*4
.0 "
8 0
.0
.
+ % 8 4 0
%
+
" 0
& 4, 2$
*4
$ .
$
% 2 0 "*>
1 .0
" 1996 2003 22., 0
% +, $
+
$ +, . 8 0
.0*
.0
*+ "*>
.0 "
8 0
,
" 0 + &#37 . 0 1 %2 : ,+
" !
0
%!%
,
+
* 8 / %(% (+ (% ( ..
+ 6# 2).
+ 6 2
(+
;
% '
1
2
3
1990–1995
1996–2002
2003–2008
$
, : ,+
% %(+
0 1%% ,
# # ' ""
+
(+
: ,+
,
(+
%(+
9,0
8,5
18,3
:
,
11,3
1
16,3
&
!
.
1
, $
% *" 0
%
+
& "* /
1 $ ,
+
++3
"
0
4
%#
1 0
#0
+, *.
.
.0
0
1/
" 4
+ &# .*4 +
"
0
& & .
" + 4
$ #3
# + "+
#3
%
. # 6
8
.
191
% '
1.
" "
. 0
& A 3,
8 0
,
, "
" .1
&
. #
,
" 1999 2001 22.
7 1
& 6 1 " " >
2 "+
# 6
, & 56
"
+ #1 ,
0
+ "* 4
8 0
, $ " & , . /
@1
,0
0
#" + $
855 6
0
"
*4 "1%
" & +, *4 +14 # 6
0 .*>+
.
+ 1
. /
2
3%
2 "+3 # 6
0 %" +1
6
,
+ 6 3, 2&
$
*8 0
1 "
*" 37
0 .*>+
# 6
'
,
"
,
/
./
8 0
1 "
&+1
*" 37
0 .*>6
*
+ 6* & .
#3
*
+
# 6 .
" *"
5
+
"* /
2
7
8 0
" *.
1
& 6 1 0 & " /&
"*" &*, 0 +#$
*
"
$
" 855 6
0
"
*4 "1% :
8 0
* 0 % 6
# 6
0
0
# + " 3 1.
,
8 0
" *
*" 37
0 .*>+
# 6
&+1
1996 0 2008 22.
" +40 6
*4 0#
.
=
5
+ 6 3
.
) '
.
9 ,+
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
$
0 :www.tuik.gov.tr.
9 ,+
"
8/ 2 + (
"" , %
"
./
0 1%%
9 ,+
"
'
,
"
28,81
29,51
27,35
31,71
25,83
37,02
31,87
27,69
28,09
28,68
29,63
29,25
39,36
13,6
13,3
13,6
16,7
13,4
19,1
16,7
14,9
15,1
14,8
15,1
15,0
17,1
!
192
#
#
'
–
.
, $
" /
> . 5
7
1&
+
" &"#
0 "*>
# " 1
#
0
,
0 1" + , "
.
0
% "
.
8 0
7
*. 0
%
+ . #
0+
1 0 %
.
. /
$
,&
. # 0 &#> " 2
% *" 0 &
.# 0
%
+3
&
& 4
% ( ..
+ 6# 4).
. 0
0
2
2 "+
+
7
# 6
8
. 7
# " 1 .*4 " %. /
.
6
# 6
8 (
7
. &+1
-15 ( 8)
+ 6 4
" '0 0 " ,
"%
0 1%% % ,
0/ %6 1 " 6 (
)
"
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010
"
T# 6 1 2 200 2 700 3 900 3 500 4 100 5 700 6 800 6 100 7 600
-15 18 100 19 900 21 800 23 900 25 000 26 700 29 300 27 400 28 400
"+
0 : http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do
+, *
,
. #+,
2 "
0 + *
. = # & + + &#37#3
6
#
%#+,
.
2 6 :
« . /
*
3%,
"
* . /&# # 6
,
+
0 $
1& 0 %
" *4 &" 2 " " 8
.
# 6 ,
4,
#" + $
0
%" & " , 0
+
1
@ . " >
2 "+ ,
#
0
" > . *
,
%"
0 .*>+
,
4 + 2 $
0 2
"
6 .
#2 . + " . ,
. /
*
3%
+ .0#+, .
7
8
. $
.#
# & +,
> .# %"
3
*».
1&#
%"
.
6
+,
8
.
,
0 %" + + #
0 , 8 0
* 0 % 6
# 6 ,
8 0
"
"
$ + 2000-4 + &#
"1%*" ,
%"
.0 6
2 .
% 6
7 4 0
6 0 "
3%
# 6 , " $
" 5
2 "+ , 0 .
2
+ $
"
4 $
4
2 "*4
,
"0
0
7 + ,.
+ "
., $
0
% "
. /
2
3% . /&# # 6
0 " +
. &+
.# 0 + .# #
3
2 "*4 2
$
* # 6 ,
3% .
193
2#+
"
"4 &
.0
*4 "
" %
, 4
,
.$ +
# 6 4,
" 0
*
#7
"+1
1
"
0 +,% "
1
4 $
4
2 "*4
,
",
* 0 & %& +13 1
&" 0 &2 #00* ( .. 4 .# 1).
" %
"
" 0 "
0 &2 #00*
2#+ #
1
2+ > 1.
.#
#
+ +
+ % 6
&" /
1
"
".
2+ >
% >
"
& #3
+ % 6 3 0 &# 6 , 0
%" &
, 2
2 #&
" , " +3
-$+
.
2 "
2
0 0
1&# "
" *+ % +3$ *
"
+
,
"
) + &
,
& , & .
0
13 1 2+ "*.
% .
. & 6
,
+
..#
6
8+ 4 $
#& "
.
1 0 &2 #00
,
"
"
0 .
.# * . ' #
*
6
+, *4
&
"
& .
. = % $ , $ " . , 6, , 8 / %6, *%#" "" 6
%"
,
– %&
",1,
% 0
+3& , % 7 * 0
+1
#/ 37
&*,6
+, * %
*, 0 &0
1
&
* & +/ * * , 0 " & *
'%" ( ./ %(
. #
" (
.
"% ( "
3% . =
0 6
#7
"+1
1 "
"
"
" 0 + 2 37 .
" . (%
. )
,
*
%
*" 3 1
# " /& 3 1
.
.
"
1 2 .
%
"
*4
"
/& 1
-$+
& +/
% ,"% &
*
"
6 +, *4 %
4
. 4.
+
, "
*4 &
"#3 # %
*
1%
+, *
"*,
"+13 2 #00# #
" '
"
-0 % 0 ( 6 . , 2.
1&#
1%
+, *.
" . "
" &# 1
% 7 " 0
4
4 $
4
.
" " "
%*" .*4 #
" '
" "
-0 % 0 ( 6 . , 6,
+3&
*4 / +
+, ,
0 &0 *"
1 /
2 #& "
*. %
. .
.
% 6 1 "
>
"
",
17 4 1 %
&
+,
2#+ # .*.
+
1.,
0 $ "
1
+3&
.
&"#4 0
6 0 +,
% *4 0 " &
".
"
1. / #
0
*
.
"
" . 8 0
" . " 0
&
+ % 6
,
.
# ' .
%
&
* &
"* (0 &2
"+ 1970 0 1985 22.) + $ + , $ %4
$
+, *
0
. + > 4
194
4
$
4 %.
14 0 &# 6
0 &" 2 + 1 0
.
#.
%#+,
% 2 0 &
*
4 $
0 6 5
6
. + . 2 $ +
* 0 + /
1.
2 & 1>
& ,
* 0 &4 & 0 . 1
1 "
4 0 .*>+
*4
+14,
2&
1985 2. #/
5 .
" + , &
$ 1 %
&
+,1
% ,
0 . , " 4 . $
, 5 . 6 " $
, 0 7 "
" .
+,
.
2
0 &
"* . /
4
% " ,
#
" , 0, "
% 8/%
,+ 1%3 %! , %
6"%! , %
.
"% .
2. / #
.
' .
.
1985 2.
6 +,3 0
& +
1
&
"
2
0 &4 & "
*+
%
"* 0 &4 &
" .
4 $
2 .
% 6
&
% 6
0 .*>+
*4
"
".
"*, 0 &2
"+
* "
"
"
"*.
0 &4 & .,
& / +
7
*
"
1 0 % &
2
"
", % 2 1 &
+ %
"
2
4 $
2
0
1 0 6 5
6 . =
% $
+,
+ 2$ + &
/ 2+ >
%
&
+, *.
2
. 0
1&# " 0
"
#
+
%
#
4 $
.
"
& #.
6 . ( 8 .#
2
0 &
"* . /
4
% " ,
#
" , 0, "
% 8/% . #
6"%! , %
. "% .
&
"#3 "
>
1& " & " . >
2
#& "
1,
#& "
1,
37 2 0 & & "+
.,
& "
& " &# +,
% 7 *,
/
+,
. ++# 2 $
0 &# 6 .
1997 2. "
"*
" 2 0 &4 &
*+ " +3$ *
/ 0#
*, "1%
*
%"
.
0 6
2+
+ % 6 . ( 8 .#
"* 0 &4 &
2&
%*" 3 +
+, *..
.
% ., &+1 &
/
1
+,
+
+ % 6
2 "+
# 6
4 & . .
. +,
0
+ % ,
6
+, *
&
* "
+
4 $
4
"
0 &# 6
&
. "
3% .
+ 6 5 0 &
"+ * &
*
& +
"
" # 62 8 0
, "
>
*4 &
" " +
4 $
, *
, # " , 4"
.
"
" "
2 "+ . /&#
"
.
.
195
4 . 1
"
6"%! , %
"%% %(+
-
.
" 6,
, + %( " (
( !%, , 0 1 %6
196
+ 6 5
%,+
: ,+
,
"
"%%
#
%,
6"%! , % .
0 1%% % # %(" 2
-
6
,
,
"
(%)
)
) '
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
%"1%+
# %(" + %#" "%
28,456
63,561
29,839
66,096
29,692
66,411
30,615
68,648
29,543
64,839
30,497
61,501
31,266
61,589
32,269
58,503
32,990
56,552
33,245
52,961
31,318
50,972
31,602
47,358
%
%
+ '6 '
%
%
+ '6 '
24,507
8,815
23,662
9,436
23,550
8,735
21,970
7,334
21,925
9,048
19,078
10,029
18,593
10,143
18,700
10,096
18,795
12,474
18,663
16,432
17,407
17,634
18,108
20,707
29,869
14,911
29,187
10,349
29,165
10,694
28,662
9,470
30,041
10,607
31,459
12,685
31,331
12,267
30,435
13,465
30,632
13,042
30,627
13,545
33,835
14,332
32,538
14,887
6"%! , %
.
"
* "
82,838
87,287
82,689
85,881
82,407
85,840
81,248
85,452
81,508
84,494
81,034
84,215
81,189
83,998
81,404
82,064
82,418
82,069
82,535
82,939
82,560
82,728
82,248
82,951
6"%! , %
.
,0 , 08
17,162
12,713
17,311
14,119
17,593
14,160
18,752
14,548
18,492
15,506
18,996
15,785
18,811
16.002
18,596
17,936
17,582
17,931
17,465
17,061
17,440
17,272
17,752
17,049
6 ;•–
! .
"+
0 : Togan S., Nebioglu H., Dogan S. Integrating and the
manufacturing industry. Turkey Economic Reform and accession to the
European Union. Editors B.M. Hoekman, S.Togan – IBRR/ WB, 2005,
. 87–121.
•–
197
+ &#
%
+ % &
*4, # " , 0 .
1
44
,
" "
>
# 6 2 8 0
"
*
, "0 $ ., "
>
0 .*>+
*4 "
" . 4
, *+ &
$
"*
.
2001 2. %
1/5
,0(( " 0 1 - : ,+
, ,
% %
,
0 &" 2 ">
1
4 $
.#
2#+
"
3.
*
+ 6*
0
%*" 3 , $
& +1 # 6 4
"
", &+1
*4 "4 &
" 0
*
2#+
" + 1"
"
"
0
6 0 . "% . 2 0 %
1, #. ,> + , ( 63,561% " 1990 2.
& 47,358% " 2001 2.), "
/ " .1 "*
+ $
0 .
1
2 0 &4 & ( 8,815% " 1990 2. & 20,707% " 2001 2.).
+1 0 .
1
" 2 0 &4 & "
>
# 6 4
" "
" + ,
% %.
1 ( 14,811% " 1990 2. & 14,878%
" 2001 2.).
+,
>
%"
# 6 2 8 0
"
% "
+
&
/
1
"
" 1 # 6 4
.
" "
.
" .
. $
,
0
"+
0 " & + ,
&"#4 # " 14:
%
&
+, .
0 +
+, ..
. 4 %
&
+, 2 # " 1 0 &0 + 2 + , .
. +,
0
+ /
* # 6
" 2
4 $
2
2 " 2 %
&
+, "
"
"#37 .
,1. %
&
+, "
.
( 2
"
+
2 .
% 6
2 "+ 5
#
1
" « $
4
0 2
# 6
0#
$+
"#»,
*
/ 2 &
0# + #3 1 "
.
.
,"
$
4 % 2003–
2009 22. . $ + ,
" 1
# 6 4 #0 + . $
*4
2
" "
0 "+
2 .
% 6
# 6
2 "+
"0
.
2 "*. 0
6 0 . .
" *. 5 6 +, *.
& #.
. " 8
5
0
1
$
, )
4703 « 0 &2
"
" #0+
"
+# 4 $
2 %
&
+, " 0
0
%" &
0 &# 6 »
11 1 " 1 2002 2. =
& #.
" +3$
"
1
" * 0
6 0* 2 .
% 6
"
2 "*4
>
14 # 6
.( $
,
0 & +1
% 0
"
", +#$
0 .
1
"
2
+
" 2 0 &4 & ", # + " 1
%. 7
1
"
"
*
,
0 "
1%
0
"7
" &
,3
" 0 &# 6 .)
.
2 , " 2002 2. # 6 1 0
1+ %
&
+, *
*,
8
37
1
2#+
"
1
0 +,% "
1 .
"
" *4 0
6 0 "
*
"
"#37 4
2
" 0
4$
.#
2#+
"
3
&
.,
0
137 . 1
2 .
%
"
*
+ . &
"
"
"
$
,
198
$
. 0 2
% 2009 2. 2 .
% 6 1
" *4 0
6 0 " "% .
2 "+ "
7
*+ &
2 # .
. $ + ,
4
4 $
4
,
"
"
>
"
", 0 &0 & 37 4 0 &
* 0 &4 &,
2 .
%
"
5
. ( 0 " &#
"
" 2 0 &4 & "
$
2008 2. "
.
. $ + ,, $
.# *
' #
*
"
"#37 4 5
# 6 2
*
% " 9
$
0 2
2009 2. " ", 0 &$
" + , % > .
" >
, 2 .
% 6
. $ + , # " >
" "
10
*4 #/
2+
"
*4 &
".
.
' #
*
/ #
# ' .
.
/ 2 & *
$ *
. $ +
#7
"
* 0 2
" 8
+
, " $
" 5
4 " .
+,
, 5 . 6 " $ ,"
,
.
$
*4 & #2 4
+14.
, 0 .
3
.
, &+1 % " >
1 0 6
" + , 7
. + # + .
' #
#
"
, " $
"
.
.# * .
' .#
, % $
" $
. $ + ,
#
"
2 -+
0 2
.
+
2 ,
"
/& .
$
,
$
1
2007 2.,
.
1 % 1"+1+ , $
«&
4 0
0
2
$
1
"
&
0
. 7
2 #% ", 0
" % .*4 #& .
. +
. ,%
2
"
*.
0
+ 0 + & . 0
. % 4 &
*4 *+
0 ,
3 1 "
+ , # 6
#&
% $
"*0 +
" 4
0 &0
,
37 4 1 "
& 2 0
&" /
1
11
$
% 2009 2.
.
1
/ "*
%*" +
"
".»
& " +, " 0 0 " &#
.
1 # 6 4 #0 + . $
*4
2
" & + ,
1%
+, *.
3 1 2010 2. 0
"
12
G-.
"
0 &# 6
+,
0 .*>+
,
.0
# .
%
,
%
, 4
,
1
1
+
2 .
%
"
*4
"
" ( # *,
&"
* 0
* 1,
%
& .).
" "" &
+
* $
& *.
4 $
.
,
.
0#
+ % 6
0
6 0
"
&
2 "+ ,
% "*&" # *.
# 6
.
. 4
0 +
+, 2 # " 1 0 &0 + 2 + ,, $
# 6 1
%&
"
"#37#3
"
1.
%" #3
.#
5
6 ,
&
% 6 ,
&
6 , .
+ 2
"
1 "
".
"
"
$
.
0 2
2003–2009 " 8
5
0 2
*+
+
$ " & : 0 6
0
% "
1
199
# # , %
. 37 4 1 6
"
" 1
$
"
*13
$ *.
+ ., > + $ ,
" .
&
"*4 . /
"*& + , $ # *
#
*
*
# – Türk Akreditasyon Kurumu (TÜRKAK),
"
*
" 2000 2.
2006 2. TÜRKAK
. + & "
" 0 2
2
" 0
&
6
0 &0
. 2
4
&
6
*4
2+ >
.
2003 2. TÜRKAK
+
$+
. 8 2
2
" , " 2006 2. 0 &0
+
+, . 2 4
2+ >
" 0
. 2
" . 0
& 6
( 2+ >
%&
+,
0*
+,
+
,
2
"
5
6
$
"
2
"
+1). ( %/ TÜRKAK
+ $+
. ! /&#
& 2
& 6
2 5 #.
0 &0
+
2+ >
"% . . 0 %
! /&#
&
+
0
&
6
.#
#& $
"#.
2009 2.
+ $
"
&
6
TÜRKAK
"
%+ $ *4
+14 #" + $ + , & 397,
,
67%
14
0
"
3 0 &*&#7 . 2 & ..
&
# " >
" "
* %
*,
0 "+
*
& +,
>#3 2 .
% 6 3
# # * TÜRKAK
" 0
.
&
6
*. . 4 %. . , 0
$
3 1 "
%
.
+ & "
" ,.
%
%"
&
6
2 . 4
%. " # 6
#0 *
6
+, * 5 .* 0 -0 / .#
4 &1 TÜRKAK,
0 &0 $
1
7 , 1 " # 6
0 &
"
+, "
" 0
4
&
6
*4 2
", 0# , %
+
"*
#3
0+ #.
#
* .
" *.
2
.,
" $ 37 . %
#7
"+
0 6
&
% 6
" # 6 , 1"+1
1 #6
#
&
" – Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE),
*
/ %
.
1 0 .*>+
.
+ 2
, 6 .
"
" 1
5
6
"
".
"4 &
"
" " 0
2
.
0
&
% 6
(CEN)
" 0
2
.
0 8+
4 $
.
&
. (CENELEC).
$
"
.
% 2009 2.
. $ + ,
"
%"
0 6
&
% 6
" # 6 .
$
, 5 6 +,
*+ 0
1
"*> 15460
&
"
2
% 6
CEN
CENELEC
350
&
" " 0
2
#
0
&
% 6
"
+
+
..#
6 .
.
% .,
7
0 6
0
2 .
% 6
# 6 4
15
&
"
" 0
. "*
% 2008 2. 97,4% & 98,79%.
&
# " >
" "
* %
*,
/ 37
"#3
# # # TSE, #& "+ " 137#3
"
1. 0
& -
200
. &+1
*-$+
, "
7
4 &1 1
&
%
.
0*
)
.
$
0 2
.
% 2009 2.
. $ + ,
* 0 %
" *
&" 2
"8
+
. $
, % 2009 2. " # 6
*+
#" + $
$ +
2
", %
. 37 4 1 6
"
" 1 $
" , 6 & 12 ("
" .1
" 2003 2. 4
*+ " 16
.
% ., "
17
" .1
#" ).
6
0# +
5# 6
#3
# *,
" $ 37
%
6
#
"
" 1
$
" &+1
4 " & " 0 &# 6 ,
+ 5 *, 2 % "
0+ " ,
+, * .
+* (6 .
),
#&* "*
2 & "+
1, #& 0 2#+ $ 2
0 , 2 #> ,
& "
& " &# +,
% 7 * . > *.
1
)
#
.
$ *
0 2
2003–2009 22.
. $ + 0
0
%"
8
.*.
$
,
0
. 2#
4" *" + "
+,>
5
*
# 6 ,
0 $ . %
/&#3 5 #
" $ +
"
"#37
#0 + . $
* 2 #&
"
*
2 .
, " 2006 2.
+, *
#7
"+1+
# 6
!
" 0 .*>+
2 "+ , !
" %& " 4
1, !
"
+ ..#
6 , !
"
7
"
*4
/ + 7 2
+, " ,
/ !
"
#&
6 +, 2
0 $
1.
2009 2. "
"*> 0
$ +
*
2
% 6
"*0#
+
"+
* "
"
"
"
1.
#
"*, #+#$> + 0 &2
" # 0
+ , $
% + ,
0 "*>
$
"
+1 *
".
& #2
*,
"
$
% 2009 2.
. $ + ,, $
«5
"
8
5 *
1
" ,.
% .# " .
.# / , #$ *" 1
. +*
%. *
*, . * 0
+3 *
& +/ *
* , "
. , $
0
#
"#
" # 6 .
7 1
.
&
0
# 0 +#$
*4 &
*4 0 -0 / .#
1
"
&
%
, "
. $ +
%-%
#
" 1
+ / .*
.
5 . 6
. /&#
+ #37 .
2
. .
0
, . ,
0 "+
*4
* $ *
17
+,,
1
%
».
#.. #1 "*" &* 0 + & 4
$
", . /
% +3$ ,,
$
0 2
"
/
*+ &
2 # (
" 5
%&
1
# "), &
0# &
/
1
"
" 1
2 "*.
&
.
1 7 & " +,
. 2 0 01 " .
$
, # 6
+ &#
.
. +,
0
+ % ,
"
4 $
2 "
%
&
+, "
"
"#37 .
201
,1. %
&
+, "
,
/
.
, 4
137
1
2 "*
, *
2
$
1 0# .
" 2 " &
10
18
6 0 "% . 2 0 %
1"
6
+,
%
&
+, " .
.
% ., 5 . +,
0 " %2+ >
. /
2
3%
# 6
+,
&
/
2
+
+ . 855
" 2 5# 6
"
1
% + ,
%& + *
" " .
, $
.
"0 +
@1
, "1% 0
$
.
. &
" 1
. /
2
3% .
% . *
%
0 +,% "
1
. /
*4 0 >+
0 &0 + 2
0 + 2
#
" 1
4-+
5 .
2 " 2
2+ .
"
1.
0
",
0 >+
1
2 "+1 & 0# 1 + >,
"
. ,
"
"#37 .
&
.
4$
.
"
1. "
3% , $
0 $ "
+3& 0 "0
+
% 0
,. /
"
2 "+
"2
6 4
. ) +3$
" 1995 2. 2+ >
1
. /
.
3% &+1 # 6
% $ + + >, % 0#
& " +,
+ /
0 6 &# * 0 & " /&
1
"
" 1 " 4
"
"
.
"
. ( 8 .# " .
#4#&>
0 % 6
# 6
"
2 "+
.
"
3%
*+ , " -0 "*4,
% / *., " -"
*4,
1"+1+ , &
$ *.
"
.
&+1
.
1 " 8
. $
6 +
%
&
2 > 2 &+1 # 6 , " " 1 . +#$ , " & +2
$
0
0
" .
&
"
+,
0 .
2 ,
2002–2003 22. #& + ,
#7
"
0 &" # , 1 " 0 6
1 1
4 $
4
,
"
8 0
# 6
"
*
, & 5 6
# 6
* " "% .
2 "+
$ + #"
7 , 1,
>
8 0
.0
# &
2+
*" + 2 "*
2
% $
1 – 85%.
(
8 . 0 6
+
+ .
$
+, 2
4 $
2
2+
"
1 % 1+ " .1,
% ">
1 &
$ *.
&+1 0 "*>
1
7 2 # " 1 8
. $
2
%"
1 # 6 ,
% $ , –
0 "*>
1 # " 1
#
0
, $
/ 0 %" + +
+,
2
$ , % "
.
,
.0
0 + /
+,
% + ,
&
.
# 6 2
8 0
"
*
.
0
+ . & 5 6
,#
"
#3
0 ,
*, 0 & +/
4
1 , 1, 0 $ . " & +,
> . 0 + / +, * 855
1 1 4 $
4
,
" &+1 8 0
# 6
#& , $ " & , 0 1"+1 , 1 "
+
+
. + & "
+, ,
$
+,
>
&
0
+ .* # 6 1
. /
$ *" , + >, " +#$
%.
1
# # * 0 -
202
%" & "
>
1
0
% & $ 0 & +,
> .# 0 "*>
3 # " 1
#
0
6
+,
8
.
&
& 2 # " 1
.
.
% ., +#$
. /
2
3%
# 6
" &
+, "#
"*
"
1
" .
*4 8 . $
40
, &+1
-#$
6
+
% .# " .
8
. $
2
%"
1
" %. /
40
0
.0
6
"
+
& +2
$
0
0
" .
1
(
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do
Aydo7an M. Avrupa Birli7inin Neresindeyiz.Tanzimattan Gümrük
Birli7ine. Umay yayınları, Istanbul, 2004, . 186.
3
" , . 187.
4
".
5
3 $
2.>. 9
!
&
!
(80–90- #
). – .,2002, . 217.
6
95 (
2 < 5%
(%) –
$, &
.'
$ +
# &
,
$ & ! .
/
+
$
"
/
#
* $ $*$ &/
!
+
: 9 = (9/V
.'
! ) *100.
(4*$ ) : http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/fin_enc/19538).
%
+
$
# +
.'
+
.'
6
'
.'
.
7
Gürlesel C.F., Alkin K. Avrupa Birli7i’nin serbest ticaret anla8malarına
Türkiye’nin de dahil edilmesi, c. 10.
8
CE ( . Conformité Européenne —
)–
,
,
.'
#
6
.'
$
" .'
.
+
CE
&
! .2
& "
,
.' 6 ,
"
2
# ,
&
,
.
«#
& »,
$
"
$
CE.
9
AB Komisyonu *lerleme Raporu 2008 – www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr
10
AB Komisyonu *lerleme Raporu, 2009 – www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr
2
203
11
AB Komisyonu *lerleme Raporu 2007, 2008, 2009 –
www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr
12
G!
,
$
$
! 2010 #.
!
!
$ #
.
!
$ #
+ #
,
" ,
G,
$
!
$ #
!
.
13
AB Komisyonu *lerleme Raporu 2003–2009 – www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr
14
AB Komisyonu *lerleme Raporu 2009 – www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr
15
" .
16
" .
17
AB Komisyonu *lerleme Raporu 2008, 2009 – www.ekutup.dpt.gov.tr
18
" .
204
-
(
) $
855 6
0
"
*4 "1%
# 6
& +, *. "
*. 2 #00 . "
"
"
+
5
BEC (Classification by Broad Economic Categories) " 0
1990–2009 22.
0
"
((9
, %1% ""
( *0
.%
"
, %
((9
, %1% ""
( *0
.%
"
!"
!"
, %
((9
, %1% ""
( *0
.%
$
!"
, %
6 &
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
-0,869 -0,853 -0,817 -0,863 -0,757 -0,814 -0,805
-0,454 -0,403 -0,433 -0,493 -0,336 -0,474 -0,494
0,516 0,612 0,624 0,526 0,732 0,657 0,523
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
-0,787 -0,767 -0,655 -0,680 -0,449 -0,501 -0,446
-0,487 -0,454 -0,425 -0,515 -0,389 -0,440 -0,458
0,477 0,495 0,498 0,354 0,618 0,593 0,521
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
-0,454 -0,435 -0,423 -0,326 -0,252 -0,318
-0,445 -0,460 -0,450 -0,429 -0,383 -0,334
0,442 0,435 0,410 0,401 0,373 0,357
0 : www.tuik.gov.tr
205
,
*
1995 .
1.
. .
2.
. .
:"
!" # ".
:"
3. "
(!#
(/ !"'
!"
4. "
$!#
%
& !"'
&".
): * (
)! +
$ -,#
" - !# .
' " &" (! '
-*
!" #
!"$". (
! '
!"
- !# .
!
# !" "
).
, ')*. 1.
1996 .
5.
): "01"$ '
(
6.
. .
7.
. .
8.
. .
!" ' !"
: " .1
'
% 0 ! 2!# .
9.
. .
:"
10. . .
"4
:"
:"
.
) *
'
&
"
#
1
, . .
!, . .
! ') !" 1#"1 )
.
11. . .
&: *
12. "
(!#
(! ' !"
'#
!
13. "
!" #
,#
- !#
$ -
:
5. -
* 2 &
+ XX ' # ". (
).
! '
2 &"
XXI ' # ".
!" # ".
, . .
"
: "5 . ) ' 2 )% !1 ! '".
(
$".
!12 !"'
' &".
' 3
' ".
$
".
!
!" - &
# !" "
!"$". (
# !" "
, ')*. 2.
1997 .
14.
*
. .
,
. .
!: " (6 2
:
)
2005 .
206
(!#
7
")".
15. "
(!# !"
# !" "
(
16. "
) * 2
(! ' !"
!" #
17. . .
' ,#
18. " 1 + &: ! '
(
# !" "
19.
! '
! :"
- !#
20. . .
.$.% #
) *
!"
'"
(
!
!"$". (
# !" "
!" #
# ".
, ')*. 3.
$ . !12 !"'
) ,#
!# &
, . .
:" ) #
21. "
8
' XX ' # .
' " ".
(! '
#" ' '"
'
).
!
#
).
" # ".
*
(!# &
!*1(
# ".
!, . .
, . .
.
!" # ".
!"$". (
! '
!# ! ,
, ')*. 4.
# !" "
1998 .
22. . .& !
23. " "
(! '
!: "0
)
!"
!
24. . .
(! ' !"
!
25.
(
)
" .
+
!" # " (
).
.
: "7#
)".
!"
. .*
!: " "
'!"' ".
27. "
!" #
# *
!
28. " #"1
$) *
29. &. .& +
30. "
'
31. &. .,
( -
!"$ #" '
- !# .
(
)
!: "
&
:"
32. " 8.
!" :
(! ' !" !
!" # '
12 '!# &
2)
$!# #
).
!#
9 3
(
207
, ')*. 5.
!" # ". (
#.
+ %".
' &". *
)
"!#
# !" "
' - #.
!1 !) ( !!
8 #"".
*
-
'
2 .
' - #, ! '
!*
2
.
(/ !"'
)
.
!"$". (
! '
( ".
# !" "
.'.'
!
. .( ! ) # : "
,#
-- !#
* " +
!"
" # "( 8
+
" - !#
!
).
26.
.
#
".
(
2
# !" "
!!"-
33.
*
. .
, . .. XXI '."
34. "
(! '
!: "
!
8"& )
: 7' :+ & !
!# . *
!" !
).
%
'
&".
'
(
# !" "
1999 .
35. "
(!# !"
# !" "
(
36. "
!" #
37. . .
38.
) * 2
')*. 3 (! '
#: "
" (! ' !"
. .
!,
' " &".
39. "
+
)#
#
!
!
:+ & *
).
46. . .&
47. . .!
. .
'
49. "
50. "
2
!
' "
).
'
:*
"
! !: "
).
12 '!# &
! : "0
" #
(1989–1999)" (! '
!" #
!" # ' 2 ) !(
! '
" -
(
#
".
# !" "
!" # " (
0 '.
:*
)
, ')*. 7.
& ' 90- . 2)".
#
" - !# % ! !"
:"
".
!"$". (
.: "7#
(
!
!" # ".
(!#
!#
! '
!: " 1 + &
+
: *)" 1
(!#
!12 !"'
1!1 $
!" #
45. . .
* + !! %".
48.
:"
!: "
42. "
44. "7'
!
+ &'
).
, ')*. 6.
# !" "
81 2
"
+ .
!#' , 04.02.99 ..
40. " # 1 :/ & !
!" " (! ' !"
43. .-.
"
# ".
8
).
!
!"$". (
! '
. .
8
41. . .%)
'
!"
(
(
$ )%
) ,#
' &: *1" ,'
'
.
- !#
!"
$ )%
" .
:+ " (! '
+ ".
!"
# !" "1+
!" !
) *
).
+ !!
!"$". (
# !" "
, ')*. 8.
#".
208
2000 .
51. " 1
52.
+# &
" - !# & ,
54. "
(
55.
# !" "
56. "
!
(
!"
)
!
&*
58. " 8 .
!" : *
(! ' !"
!
.
$
).
" - !# .
).
! '
!"$".
(
).
#-,
8
8
#
".
. ') ! !"
8
61. &. .1
81 2
!: " !
!#
8
#
(
* !
" . +
# "
).
"
62. " . +
) * + !!)
%'
(/ !"' ". (
# !" "
( '
1 ' ! " "
"# )") 1 '
&
!"
!
! " "
!" ".
'
, ')*. 9.
# !" "
)". (
).
:"
:"
#.
'
(
)
60. . .
, . .0
' ,#
# !"
'
(! ' !"
!
!" "1"
(
!
)'
).
!
' 1945–1999 ..."
;
!
!" #: !
!" "1"
!"
!" # ".
.
!" #: *
(! '
!" #
57. "
(!#
( ' !"
" #
"
./.'
:" '
8 # " (! ' !"
59.
' - # (! '
! : " 8 . !# & *
!
).
. .
(! ' !"
53. "0
# ". *
!*1(
# !" "
(
# !" "
. *" ".
)
) *
'
+ !!)
".
12
$!#
!#
&).
1!
2001 .
63. " 1 + &
21 '
!% 2 XX ' # .
64. " !
65. .-.
66. . .
!
67. "
" # ".
*
!
!,
).
".
*
(
# !" "
(
.: "
# !" "
(! '
$' ! '
:" 1 "
. .
!" #
" .
(! '
!"$".
! '
209
' *
!"
!
!"
+
"
(
).
!
'
).
" # ".
*
" (! '
!"
# !" "
, ')*. 10.
68.
!: "
. .
. !" &
' !" !
:#
*
).
69. " !
,#!"
(
# !" "
(! '
(
* ! !" ).
70. &. .1
'"
72.
73. "
3!
76.
" - !#
!" #
)
!"$".
!" # ".
:"
./.'
.
!#
!
78. "
!"
!" #
!
'
(
)#
!"$".
! '
$"
8
".
.
+
".
'
+
. -
, ')*. 11.
# !" "
"
)1.
(90-
!!
.
) ,#!"
).
$ &
!12 !"'
)*1!# '"
! '
!! &
!# &
+
" $!"' ".
!" 1#"1 )
#".
! (/ !"' + ) (! -
!" # ".
. *
" #
# 2
!"
!" # ' 2 ) !(
77. " 1!1 $
(! ' !"
!
!: "0
!"
!"'
. !"
(!#
#: "0
.
74. "
75. "
!"
!, .2.,
&: *)" . !12
71. &. .1
!: "
2) XX ' # )".
! ' !" " (
!* #" ') .
(
(
# !" "
,
(
# !" "
, ')*. 12.
(
# !" "
, ')*. 13.
2002 .
79. "
80.
!" #
.$.% #
: "7#
#
1 +
+ (80–90- . 2))" (! ' !" !
81. " 1!1 $
82. "
* 2 ". (
!" # ' 2 ) !(
83. " 8 .
!"
2002 ..)". (
#".
!" #
' 1!
' &%
-
(
).
(
# !" "
)*1!# "
"
'
!"
!
).
.
," * (! "&( $ 2001 – : $
' !"
!
).
*
% 2
# !" "
(
84. . .
! , .4.%
99 ' # ( *)"
(
! !" ))" (! ' !"
!
85. "
!"$".
! '
+
!: " . * " ' * !
,#
#
*
,
).
!"$".
! '
210
(
2
" "
" - !#
# !" "
, ')*. 14.
86. . .
(! ' !"
87. "
!: "
!
() (
).
!" # ' 2 ) !(
88. "
&
'
89. "
-*
.
#".
" - !#
!" # ".
!" #
!"$".
! '
(
(
:" 1 + &
; : ! ' ) ," *)
- !# . ! " 12 - !"' ".
91.
. .
#
.: " 2
& *
" 3
&".
!" #
.
!# -
!!
!"$".
! '
.
, ')*. 15.
# !" "
.1.
. ' -,#
92. "
")"
# !" "
90.
"
!#
"
") .
)*1!# - "'
!"$
*
(
, ')*. 16.
# !" "
2003 .
93.
. .'
,
1(
. .0
:"
XX–XXI ''."
8 "$
94. *.1
: " )(
& 2 #" "1 1. ( !
'
.
' ' !" *
!" !#
2
' 2 . .7*3"
.
95. " !! !# -"1 +#
" 3
! !" &
* !* #" ')". (
!
,
).
96.
!"
. .
*
98.
8 " 8
!" + )". 0 -
&: !"
&, ! '
# !" " (! '
!, . .
" (! ' !"
: " 1'
).
!
. .1 ) !: " !
, !
' 0 # !"
" (! ' !" !
99. "
. *"
!"
*./+) . : " !#
* " ' !" &
$
(!#
:'
) 2 *
" &,
& ! '
!"$)".
(
97.
.
#: *
')
100. "
101. . . "
(! ' !"
$ & 2
# ".
!"$".
! '
!: "
!
2 #
"1 ) ,#
- !# %
#
" &
).
" . , ')' 2), 1
!" #
":
.
$)
).
211
(
(
!
#.
# !" "
'
, ')*. 17.
. *" "
102. "
#!#
"
#
!.
21
) "# 1. . !"
"
103. "
".
104. "
!" #
105. "
(
! *
!"
!"$".
! '
).
*
2
#".
113. "
*
( )". (
$!#
# 8
# !" " .
.
-
2 ) '
)
(
&".
# !" "
" .
).
!"
+
$
)*1!# *&") .
!# -! 12 '!#
" 3
) * !* #" ')" (*
. .%
! : "7#
": #!# % . !12 !"'
)".
!
(
# !#
+ &» (*
, ')*. 18.
# !" "
*
1(
#* 2
'$ "
).
!
(
" #!"".
3 && *
" #
12 '!#
&, * + !! *
&" & 3
!"
112. "
$) #
$2003 ..
# !" "
$ ) !"
: " . * ": *
!" ".
!" # ' 2 ) !(
111. " !!
* (
:"
'
!: "
&
" # " (! '
. .
!"$ *
109. .1.$
(
* !
114
(! '
12 '!# &
' &: ,' :+ &
. '*
" - !#
' " " (
107. " 8 .
!"
(! ' !"
!
110. "
.
# !" "
106. . .&
, . .
' ". 0
" "),
108.
2)
. *
1*
"
&:
"
# 1.
:2
# "
# 1. . !"
'
#": !"
)
*
(
).
. !"
+ &
).
)
')
- !#
! " 12 - !"'
1 +
" (! ' !" !
).
115. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 19.
116. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 20.
117. . .
* 3
!: "
( )
!" &/ "
118.
,
. .
. .
'
!# ! : "
# :
8
'
&
2
&".
2004 .
119.
(
3!) ,
".
: "« 1!!#
212
»
'
!"$ ' ! '
-
120. "0 .
) 1 .1
'
&*
!"
# 8 #" : "
. 2 * !
*
. '
''
( ". (
# !" "
2 #1
" '* 2
*./+) . .
121. . .
' 1"
,
122. . .
' !"
123. "
!
!: "
" (! ' !"
. .
.
! : "
!" "1"
!
#!#
#
124. "
".
(
. .
!
!: " 1
!" # " (! ' !"
!
"
" #+ "").
!! &".
128. " 8 + !#
129 "
!! &
#
132. "0
!"$".
133. " 1 2!#
' *
19.02.2004).
!
1(
!" #
135. " 1 + & '
# 1. . !"
')% . *
" - !# % 1!
,
" 2004 . (! ' !"
137. "
* !# ".
.
$
).
!"$".
! '
( " - !#
$!#
#
* !# ".
213
"
(
8
#.
, ')*. 21.
" - !#
* !# ".
" (# 1. )
' &%".
!
!"
, ')*. 22.
# !" "
#".
(
* !# .
# !" "
" - !#
")!&-
-
+
!
" - !#
!" # .
134. "
136. "
!"
!" # ".
.
.
#
(
&
" - !#
(
0
)
".
' !" - )% . !12 !"'".
! '
,
(
!"
!" # ".
!" #
&,
* !# .
(! '
# !" "
*1! (
.
$
!! ' . *
+
-
;
130. "
131. "
(
' " &" (! -
* !# .
!" # .
< "
).
8
!#
.
# !" "
126.
' &: *
" " '
" - !#
125. " !
! '
2 .
!" # , 5
!" "
(! ' !"
!
127. "
12 '!# &
!
).
:!
*
8 # ).
!".
$!# .
*- ,' 2
2 #+
"
).
" - !#
)
138. . .
'
-
, . .
XXI ' # ".
139. . .
!
*
" #
!: "
140. "
)
141
'
# !" "
. .
' " &
142.
!
$ &
!#
:"
&*
&0
-
!"
&
2 #1
144. « 8 .
!" !
+
!" #
!"
. . "
!: " . * "!#
1!1 $
»" (! ' !" !
146. "
!" #
149. "
#: 100 2
*
% 2
!" # ' 2 ) !(
152. "
!: " !
!
!" #
$
(
* !$!"' ' *
-
(/ !"' ". ( (
# !" *. /+) . .
(! '
# !" "
«
(
' "
-
"$ ', ')*. 23.
# !" "
$!"' ».
)*1!# 3 !"
'" (
"!# % ')(
# !" " .
!"!#
-
" - !#
!" ( $ !"
) # 1. . !"
, 21
. *
#".
150. "
* !
*
27.04.2004 ..). (
151. '. .*
(! ' !"
*
"
-
(
#
"
(
!"$".
)
- !# .
"
2'
).
! '
147. «
&. 0 (
) ' 1"
' 3
(
* ! !" » (
! "&( & 2004 ..).
148. «
$ -,#
XXI ' # ».
.
* 2 ".
)
&: * (
) +
" #
'
!"
1963–2004 ...)"
-
$
(!# & !
!"
$!#
# 8 #" '
21
2
2 *
" ') * 2 2 #+
'
).
:"
#
(/
!" # ".
: "0 (
) ! +
(1970–2000 ...)".
'
.1.$
!" . (
2* '
143. "0
.
"
145.
.
.5 ! , *. .
')
'
.
1. ) !"
!#
).
!"$".
! '
214
(
# !" "
(/ !"' "
, ')*. 24.
*
,
2005 .
153. .&.
'
8
. .
: "4
!" 1#"1 ) '
154. . .
: "0
,
" - !#
155.
*. /+) . : "
+ ': !"
& *
" # ".
156.
(
. .1 ) !: " !
' !" !
157. " !
( '
).
:*
!
$ *
*
(/ !"'
!
).
!"
'
*
(1946–2004)"
2'
(
"
$)
*
!"
" - !# & #1 $"1
' "
' 2!"" . ".
-
!# % (
"
' 0 # !"
'
-
XXI ' # "
158. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 25.
159. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 26.
160. . .
161.
!: "«
. .
" . +
162. . .
2( '
!"
') »
(!#
* 2
2
! :"
".
: " 1 2 !" :
!
).
!" # :
!1 !)
'
!#
*)"".
$:*
(
)
" # ".
*
!"$ 1,
!"$
»:
1# ,
2006 .
163.
2
164.
(
*
. :"
" # ".
*. /+)
. & *
" #
$ ' ,* %1 «* !"-!
3!) ,
: " # 1.
& ' 2005 . 21".
165. " 8.
!" ,
(
# !" " (
, 0 # !" : '
' !" !
'
& ')(
).
&: (/ !"'
'
*
".
166. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 27.
167. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 28.
*
:
2005 .
215
168. . .
!" + '
( ' !"
169.
(
170. "
: "0 (
)* ' - &
(!# !"
) ' 1! ' &% . (
!
).
. .
!, . .
' !" !
!" # ' 2 ) !(
171. . .'
$
(
172.
174. . .
/ "(
175.
8
:"
.
+
!"
. :"
')% #
176. " 1 2!# ' *
# !" " ( '
!'
!"
!" #
178. " '
( ' !"
.$.
!
2)
"1
" »
! '
(
" »?".
'
!" &-
# ).
* " ' «9 (
)»
' !" *
" # ".
'
).
-
.
&#
!" "1+ & ' * 3
$ .
' " &
XXI ' # ". (
-
!"$".
(
)
3
!: " 12 : !
6
&#
!
$!# & '
'(
* 2
!
& 1 + &: *
).
"
!$ «
'
! :"
#!# & #
# !" "1+
*. /+)
'
177. "
1*
21
%
' -
.
!" #: «
. : "0 -
*. /+)
)%
+ "
'!"'
#". )*1!# ! 2$
!: "
* ! !" ".
173. *. .
'#
".
179.
:"
).
!"
-"
2+
!"$".
(
, ')*. 29.
# !" "
&".
-
(
# !" "
&".
2007 .
180. "
!" #
181. " !12 !"'
# !" " ( '
!"
! '
$: *
!
" # , ,#
).
, ')*. 30.
# !" "
#
(/ !"' ". (
182. "&. .
!: " 1 2!# ' * ! ' *
XXI ' # )" ( ' !" !
" #
).
1 +
183. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 31.
184. "
!" #
! '
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 32.
185.
'
. .
!: " !
3 % ! ".
!#
8 #"
216
'5. -
!" -
(#
-
+ 99 –
.
$
186. "
!" # ' 2 ) !(
187. . .&
!) «," *
190.
191.
.
)*1!# ' !$
: " 12 '!# &
' &: ' 1" *
8
" (#
+ 1990–2006 ...).
188. *. .
#
- !# % " 3
189. . .
" .
!
#".
:"
$ ' ! !"
(1985–2005 ...)" (
*. /+)
. .
3
&%".
21
!"
'
!# ! : " .
+ !!) '
(!#
, . .
) *
+
).
. : "9
'
:" 2
) 8 #"
" - !#
!
*
+ !-
2 )% ,#
).
(!# % . !12 !"'
" ( ' !"
.
'
" # ".
$
*
!!
!# -
!# % "-
192. .1.$
:"
&*
" #
'
!"
%
(!# .
!" # (#
+ XX – * ' - " - !#
2
.
!"$ 1
!"
" $!"' '
XXI ' # )".
- !"$ 2.
193. "
(
# !" "
, ')*. 33.
(
# !" "
, ')*. 34
!" #
!"$".
! '
2008 .
194. "
( '
!" #
!"
195. . .
196.
!,
#1
3
1!
!! + +
.
«
. .&
* # ' "
!: " «
".
197. . .&
:+
!
!: "
8
" - !# & ( "'
!
,
,
2 »: !" 1#"1 ), ! :
2*
'
" - !#
&".
' :#
!"
#" '
!
81
217
#
*1!: ," *) ,' -
#
! : "0 ' " $!"'
*
' ' !" "1! *
" - !# & *
199. . .
:" .
! " 12 - !"' " ( '
200. . .&
2 + ".
*. /+) . : " *
& !"
&" ( ' !"
(1"»).
$-
: " 12 '!#
!" - # 8
198. . . +
!"
% (*
!"$".
! '
).
!
"'
(!# %
#" # )".
8 #"), #
).
: !
' ) *
*
!!),
- )
"
-
201.
*. /+) . : "
$ ( )#
:1 "
$ & !" "$!&" ( ' !"
(1"»).
202. "
( '
!"
!
203. "
( '
!"
!
!" #
! '
).
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 35
!" #
! '
).
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 36
204. " 1 + & # 1
* ! *
')(
' 2007 .." (
# !" "
(
'
205. . . !
! :"
#!# 8 #"
+#
!*1( # (1990–2007 ..).
206. "
( '
!" #
!"
" 3
"
1 ) "
! !! + +
«
' '
!"$".
! '
).
!
"!# %
!"
*
!
3
(
2 "!# %
).
*
" # "1-
# !" "
, ')*. 37
2009 .
207.
208.
. :"
*. /+)
. . !
209. "
( '
!,
. .
"
!" #
!"
" "
!: "
. .&
212. "
!"
!"
$-
!"$".
2"
!"
!
(
!" #
! '
).
:"
-
!" #
! '
).
!
. .
216. "
( '
# ")".
(
' ' 1"
213.
*. /+) . : "
" + –#*
. '
« 3
(1"»).
215.
,1
# !" "
'
'
3
!"$".
*
# !" "
!"
!"
!"$".
$: " *
, ')*. 38
" #
# ".
'
$"&
*
" "( '
218
".
"
!" #: ') ') XXI ' # ". (
).
!
214. "
( '
:"
! '
).
!
210. .'.1 5
:" !
!"
. ( ".
211.
!" - !#
(
"
'
+): " # 8
! !! + +
# !" "
!"' # #
(
(
# !" "
-
, ')*. 39
8
#"1".
, ')*. 40
2010 .
217. $. .&
(
) *
) ! :" 1 + &
' * !#
!* #" ') '
2 !"' &".
: : !"
-
&, *
218. . .
5 !: " * ' -,
. " - !# # * #! 1 +
,
. " - !# 8 #" ' !! !# -"1 +# % " 3
&%".
( ' !" !
)
219. " 1 + & ' 1!
( ' !" !
220. $. .
(
)
#
*
' &%
).
')% ' 1"
: " *"!# & (/
!* #" ')".
221.
.(
:"
- !"' : !"
&
« 3
(1"»).
222. "
( '
!"
!
223. "
( '
!"
!
224. . .
2
. "
%
". (
! '
.
' !" - ) 8
"
! '
!"$". (
.
'
!"
# !" "
. *" : 0
-
$!# * ! ! !! + +
!" #
! '
).
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 41
!" #
! '
).
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 42
: 2' 2 !&"
" &
:"
'<
"
$
2011 .
225. ";
'
226.
(
227.
!"
&;
.
# !" "
2 .
( '
!" # ( 10!" !
" : ().
*. /+) . : " !! &
$: " 12 ) *1"$
' !" ! < "
! 2 !"' & .1
"
1 (
(/ !"' «0 '
»).
*. /+)
228. *. .' 7
. !12 !"'
229.
)
)". (
. :"
!
!: "0 ' '
.1
.
!" # ".
# ""
'
' . "
) # +
. .& "
!: "7#
- !# ! #+ * " '
!3" (), '
) * ! 2!"' & '' 2
&".
219
'!"
'
-1"
:
&".
)% (1
:+
.
,
230. 1 + & * !
2 - !# & # 8
!" !
).
231. .$.
2 1" (
6
'
!"
232. "
( '
!"
!
233. "
( '
!"
!
234. " '
# !" "
235.
(
8
21
+ &.
!: "
!
'
)
).
)
'1 '!# & !"1& 2011 ..) ( ' -
12 : " 2 !"' #
-
!" #
! '
).
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 43
!" #
! '
).
!"$".
(
# !" "
, ')*. 44
)
'
8.
!"
!" !
. .
: " 1 2 !"
!! (90- . 2) XX ' # –
236. . .
!
2010 . 2 (
!#' , 17 8 '
5 !: "
! *
)
2
$ ) !"
)".
#1 2!# ' * ! *
XXI ' # )". ( '
!8
-
(
" #
* 2
!" !
1:/ &!& 1 + &" (
'
!"
2012 .
237.
238.
*. /+) . : " !12 !"'
:«
(!# & ' ! »
' &
. .
.
$ . *
239. . .
.
- !# &
( ' !" !
!
2 ') '
! !# . !12 !"' "
$*
'
!: "0
" - !# & ! "1 + &
&'
"
: "7#
1 $" " '
)
- !# & (
!"$ . *" ,
: www.iimes.ru
220
*
(
+&
2
)
+ -
# ,# 1 ! "
)
PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF ISRAELI
AND MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES
1995
1. "War for peace in the Middle East" by A.Egorin
2. "Agriculture in Israel" by A.Fedorchenko
3. "The socio–economic and political development in the Arab World".
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences
4. "The Contemporary Middle East" (collection of essays)
1996
5. "The road to Oslo" by Abu Mazen (Mahmud Abbas)
6. "Religious parties in the State of Israel" by S.Gasratian
7. "Contemporary Libya" by A.Egorin
8. "Regulation of external economic activity in the Persian Gulf
countries" by L.Rudenko
9. "Israel on the eve of the XXI-th century" by A.Fedorchenko
10. "Financial Institutions in the Middle East" by A.Filonik, V.Isaev and
A.Fedorchenko
11. "Water resources in the South West and South East Asia" by
A.Filonik and N.Rogozhina
12. "The Arab World in the end of the XX-th century" (collection
of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
13. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 2 (collection of essays)
221
1997
14. "United Arab Emirates" by A.Egorin and V.Isaev
15. "Arab countries of Western Asia and Northern Africa" (collection
of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
16. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 3 (collection of essays)
17. "Iran in the XX-th Century. The Role of State in Economic
Development" by N.Mamedova
18. "Turkey: Problems of modern Economy and Policy" (collection
of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
19. The Syrian Arab Republic"
20. "Markets in the Middle East" by A.Filonik, V.Ahmedov,
L.Rudenko, Z.Solovieva, N.Ultchenko
21. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 4 (collection of essays)
1998
22. "Problems of integration among the Arab Magrib countries" by
A.Kovtunov
23. "Countries of the Middle East" (collection of essays). In association
with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
24. "Settler Society Economy: Israeli Model" by A.Fedorchenko
25. "Military and military – economic Potential of the Middle Eastern
Countries" by S.Bagdasarov and A.Chavushian In association
with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
26. "Who is Who in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" by L.Danilov
27. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 5 (collection of essays)
28. "Actual Problems of the Middle East"
222
29. " Political Portraits of the Middle East" by K.Kapitonov
30. "The contemporary Saudi Arabia"
31. "Water Resources of the Jordan River Basin and the Arab–Israeli
Conflict" by K.Khamzin
32. "Afghanistan: War and Problems of Peace" (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences
33. "Oil Monarchies of Arabian peninsula on the edge of XXI century"
by M.Zakaria and A.Yakovlev
34. "Iran: Evolution of Islamic Rule" (collection of essays). In association with
the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
1999
35. "Arab countries of Western Asia and Northern Africa" = 3,
(collection of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental
Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
36. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 6 (collection of essays)
37. "Democratization in the Arab World: the case of Tunisia and Syria"
by G.Guchetl
38. "The State of Qatar: problems of development" by A.Filonik and
V.Isaev
39. "Nationalism and Fundamentalism in the Middle East". In association
with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
40. "The Environment and Development in the Arab World" (collection
of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
41. "Iran and the Muslim World" by V.Ushakov
42. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 7 (collection of essays)
43. "Israeli Economy in the 90’s" by Eu.Satanovsky
223
44. "Evolution of political Systems in the East". In association with the
Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
45. "GCC in global and regional processes" by E.Melkumian
46. "Turkey: Problems of economic integration" by V.Kunakov
47. "Saudi Arabia in Evolution" by A.Yakovlev
48. "Policy and constitutional Process in Algeria (1989-1999)" by M.Sapronova
49. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 8 (collection of essays)
50. "Oriental Records" (collection of essays)
2000
51. "Republic of Turkey"
52. "U.S. Policy in Afghanistan in 1945-1999" by M.Arunova
53. "Political Elite in the Middle East"
54. "The Middle East: Problems of regional Security" (collection of essays).
In association with the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
55. "The Movements of Political Islam in Northern Africa" by S.Babkin
56. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 9 (collection of essays)
57. "The Arab World: Islam and Reforms” (collection of essays)
58. "The Afghanistan: Problems of War and Piece" (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy
of Sciences
59. "Tax Systems in Syria and Egypt" by Al-Hariri Muhammad
60. "Processes of Integration in the Economy of Northern Africa States"
by V.Azatian and A.Tkachenko
61. "Islamic Fundamentalism in the Sudan" by K.Polyakov
62. "Mass Migration and its Impact on the Israeli Society" (collection
of essays)
224
2001
63. "Turkey between Europe and Asia" In association with the Institute
of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
64. "Islam and Policy" (collection of essays)
65. "Israel in the Contemporary World Policy" by Eu.Satanovsky
66. "The Sultanate of Oman" by A.Filonik and V.Isaev
67. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 10 (collection of essays)
68. "Algeria: crisis of power" by A.Virabov
69. "Islamism and Extremism in the Middle East" (collection of essays)
In association with the Academy of Geopolicy and Security
70. "The Palestinian National Autonomy: the Experience of the State
Creation" by K.Polyakov and A.Hasyanov
71. "Arab Countries and Islam in Russia" by K.Polyakov
72. "Political Structures in the State of Israel" by Ze'ev Geyzel
73. "Oriental Records" = 2 (collection of essays)
74. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 11 (collection of essays)
75. "Russia in the Middle East" (conference papers)
76. "Religious Extremism in Algeria" by S.Babkin
77. "Muslim Countries at the Borders of the CIS" (collection of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
78. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 12 (collection of essays)
2002
79. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 13 (collection of essays)
80. "Turkish Economy under liberalization" by N.Ultchenko
225
81. "Muslims in the West" (collection of essays). In association with the
Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
82. "Oriental Records" = 3 (collection of essays)
83. "Afghanistan in a Transition" (collection of essays). In association
with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
84. "Egypt in the last third of the 20th Century" by M.Vidiassova and
M.Umerov
85. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 14 (collection of essays)
86. "Taliban (the Religious and Political Profile)" by R.Sikoev. In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of
Sciences
87. "Oriental Records" = 4 (collection of essays)
88. "Army and Power in the Middle East" (collection of essays)
89. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 15 (collection of essays)
90. "Turkey and USA: main Stages in Trade and Economic Cooperation”
by M.Guchanin
91. "The Nuclear Program of Iran and Russian-American Relations” by
M.Zadonsky
92. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 16 (collection of essays)
2003
93. "Oil and Gas in Egypt and Algeria on the Verge of Two Centuries."
by S.Bondarenko and A.Tkachenko
94. "Electing Dictatorship: Why Palestinian Democratization Failed" by
D.Polisar
95. "Russia-Turkey Relations: History, present State and Perspectives" (collection of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of
Asia and Africa
226
96. "An Everlasting Confrontation. Israel and the Arab World: Wars and
Diplomacy" by A.D.Epstein
97. "Kuwait: Contours of Economic Changes" by A.Filonik and V.Isaev
98. "Islam, Islamism and nominal Democracy in Pakistan" by O.Pleshov.
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy
of Sciences and the Institute of Asia and Africa
99. "Iraq: First Results, Conclusions, Lessons" (collection of essays.
100. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 17 (collection of essays)
101. "Radical Islamism in Egypt" by M.Rajbadinov
102. "Crisis in Iraq. International and Regional Context"
103. "Iran and CIS" (collection of essays)
104. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 18 (collection of essays)
105. "Saudi Arabia: Evolution of Regime and Possible Limits in Political
Development" (collection of essays)
106. "Saudi Arabia External Policy" by G.Kosach and E.Melkumyan
107. "Syria at the Turn of the Centuries. Power and Politics" by
V.Ahmedov
108. " Afghanistan and Neighboring Countries" (collection of essays)
109. "Egypt: Problems of National Security (1952–2002.)" by
V.Yurchenko
110. "Oriental Records" = 5 (collection of essays)
111. "Russian-Saudi Relations: Problems and Perspectives" (collection
of essays)
112. "Iraq under the American Administration: democratization or «vietnamization»"
113. "Arab-Israeli Conflict: Old Problems and New Plans" (collection of
essays)
227
114."The Economic Co-operation between Turkey and the Turkic States
of the CIS" by E.Urazova
115. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 19 (collection of essays)
116. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 20 (collection of essays)
117. "Berbers of North Africa: Past and Present" by M. Sergeev
118. "Contemporary Jordan" by A.Aganin and Z.Solovieva
2004
119. "The «Russians» and Power in the State of Israel" by Vladimir
(Ze'ev) Khanin
120. "Peaceful Settlement of the Palestine–Israeli Conflict: Three Years
after Camp David and Taba Talks"(essays and documents) Edited
by Alek D. Epstein
121. " Saudi Arabia: Search for Inner Harmony" by A.Filonik and
A.Vavilov
122. "Algeria: Change of Priorities in Development" by E.Mironova
123. Analytical records. "Iraqi Crisis"
124. Analytical records. "Terrorism"
125. "Islam in Contemporary Orient. Region of Middle and Near
East, South and Central Asia". (collection of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy
of Sciences
126. "Weapon of Mass destruction in the Middle East" by I.Novikov
127. "Iran and Russia" (collections of essays)
128. "Officer Corps in the Middle Eastern States" (collections of essays)
129 Analytical records. "Russia and USA in the Middle East"
130. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 21 (collection of essays)
228
131. Analytical records. "Army, Weapon of Mass Destruction, Military and
Technical Cooperation in the Middle East"
132. Analytical records. "Problems of the Middle East"
133. "Kurdish Question at the turn of the Millennia"
134. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 22 (collection of essays)
135. "Turkey in the New Geopolitical Conditions (documents of the
Round Table, March 2004)
136. Analytical records. "Israel and Arab-Israeli Conflict"
137. Analytical records. "Iran"
138. "Israel in the beginning of the XXI-th Century" by A.Fedorchenko,
.Zaitzeva, D.Mariyasis
139. "Contemporary Islamic East and European Countries"
(collection of essays)
140. "National and Pan-Arab Components of the Syrian Policy in the
Middle East (1946–2003)" by I.Matveev
141. "Problems of Social-economic Development of Lebanon
(1970–2000)" by A.Gasratian
142. "Syria: problems of national security" by V.Yurchenko
143. "Palestine-Israeli conflict in the mirror of public opinion and international diplomacy" (collection of essays) Edited by Alek D. Epstein
144. "Afghanistan in the beginning of XXI-th Century"
(collection of essays)
145. "Egyptian movement of «Muslim brothers»" by M.Rajbadinov
146. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 23 (collection of essays)
147. "Syria. Problems of Internal Political Stability and External
Security" (documents of the Round Table, 21 September 2004)
148. "Iraq: 100 days of transition"
229
149. "Oriental Records" = 6 (collection of essays)
150. "Iran after Elections" (documents of the Round Table, April
2004)
151. "Islamic challenge and the Algerian society" by B.Dolgov.
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences
152. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 24 (collection of essays)
230
PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MIDDLE EASTERN
STUDIES
2005
153. "Creating of productional infrastructure in Syria” by M.Zanbua and
A.Filonik. In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
154. "Political Islam: preliminary results" by R.Landa
155. "Israel and the problem of Palestinian refugees: history and policy"
by Alek D. Epstein
156. "Islam and political culture in Pakistan" by O.Pleshov. In association
with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
157. "Islam and social development in the beginning of XXI-th Century".
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy
of Sciences
158. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 25 (collection of essays)
159. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 26 (collection of essays)
160. " «Leftists» in the Middle East: Libyan experience" by A.Rjasov
161. "Western Mediterranean: problems of integration" by I.Mokhova
162. "Kurdistan: resources and policy" Part 1, Part 2 by N.Mosaki.
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy
of Sciences
2006
163. "Israel in the era of post-zionism: science, ideology and policy" by
Alek D. Epstein
164. "On the situation with delimitation: society and policy in Israel in
2005" by Vladimir (Ze'ev) Khanin
165. "Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan: time of elections and changes" (collection of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
231
166. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 27 (collection of essays)
167. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 28 (collection of essays)
168. "Globalization and capital investments process in the Arab World"
by L.Rudenko. In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
169. "Kingdom of Bahrain" by V.Isaev, A.Filonik. In association with
the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
170. "Oriental Records" = 7 (collection of essays)
171. "The Middle East: «The Road Map» and regional security"
by A.Baklanov
172. "Why did «The Road Map» fail?" by Alek D. Epstein
173. "International Islamism in the Northern Caucasus" by D.Nechitailo
174. "The Iraqi Constitution in the past and in the present" by M.Sapronova
175. "The War of Israel against «Hesbollah» and creation of new contour
of the Middle Eastern policy" by Alek D. Epstein
176. "The Kurdish problem in the Western Asia in the beginning
of XXI-th Century" (collection of essays). In association with
the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
177. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 29 (collection of essays)
178. "The Modern Turkey: problems and solutions" (collection of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences
179. "The Sudan: the Islamic traditionalism and army" by S.Seregichev
2007
180. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 30 (collection of essays)
181. "The state of Israel: policy, economy, society" (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
232
182. "The Kurdish problem in Turkish policy (the end of XX – the beginning of XXI centuries)” by K.Vertiaev. In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
183. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 31 (collection of essays)
184. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 32 (collection of essays)
187. "The Islamic factor in South-East Asia. The role of external forces"
by M.Gusev
186. "Oriental Records" = 8 (collection of essays)
187. "Saudi Arabia: political processes and “Stages of Reform” (the end
1990–2006)" by G.Kosach
188. "Israel inside the world economic relations" by D.Mariyasis.
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
189 "The League of the Arab states and international process in the Arab
world" by L.Rudenko, Z.Solovieva. In association with the Institute
of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
190. "HAMAS in the regional policy" by Alek D. Epstein
191. "The nuclear factor in Russian-Iranian relations" by S.Sarukhanjan
192. "The military policy and force development in the Middle East (the
end of XX – the beginning of XXI centuries)" by V.Yurchenko
193. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 33 (collection of essays)
2008
194. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 34 (collection of essays)
195. "The diplomatic battle for Jerusalem. Behind-the-scene story"
by G.Melamed and Alek D. Epstein. In association with the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow State University and
Gishrey Tarbut Association
196. "Al-Qaeda: the structure, the allians and the sponsors" by
V.Kudelev
233
197. "Saudi Arabian diplomatic corps: stages of evolution and sources
of formation" by G.Kosach
198. "Government and parliament in the arab countries (legal status
and political practice)" by M.Sapronova
199. "The Persian Region: conflicts, compromises, cooperation" by
E.Melkumyan. In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
200. "The conflict in the Darfur Province: main reasons and tedencies"
by E.Kudrov
201. "Israel and (un)controlled territories: to leave or stay" by Alek D. Epstein.
In association with the Gishrey Tarbut Association
202. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 35 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
203. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 36 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
204. "Turkey before and after 2007 parliamentary and presidential elections" (collection of essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
205. "The Iraqi Factor in the foreign policy of the Republic of Turkey
(1990–2007)" by I.Svistunova
206. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 37 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
2009
207. "Antiterroristic terror" by Alek D. Epstein
208. "Iran, uranium and rockets" by V.Evseev, V.Sazhin
234
209. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 38 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
210. "Islam in internal and external policy of Magrib" by A.Podcerob.
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
211. "Al-Qaeda and the war in Iraq" by V.Kudelev
212. "The Middle East: challenges of the XXI-st century" (collection of
essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences
213. "Israelites and Palestinians: from confrontation to negotiations and
back to the point" by Alek D. Epstein. In association with the
Gishrey Tarbut Association
214. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 39 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
215. "Iran-Israel. From partnership to conflict" by V.Mesamed
216. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 40 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
2010
217. "Turkey and EU: history, problems and prospects for cooperation"
by U.Kudrjashova
218. "Turkey’s fuel and energy complex and oil and gas industries in
Russian-Turkish relations" by I.Starodubtcev
219. "Turkey in the context of new internal circumstances" (collection of
essays). In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences
220. "Coptic community in contemporary Egypt: problems and prospects"
by U.Zinkina
221. "Middle Eastern frontier. Israeli settlement: history and modernity"
by V.Chernin
235
222. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 41 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
223. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 42 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
224. "Iran in Central Asia: two decades of dialogue" by V.Mesamed
2011 .
225. "SCO and The Middle Eastern Countries (ten years of activity)" In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences
226. "Russia and Israel: the hard road to each other" by Alek
D. Epstein. In association with "The Law For Peace" Society
227. "The genesis and fall of «leftist» Israel" by Alek D. Epstein
228. "The legal regulation of the equity market in The Middle Eastern Countries" by D.Birjukov
229. "Economic sanctions against Iran: goals, scales, possible
consequences of implication" by N.Kozhanov
230. "Turkey after the 2010 referendum" (Interacademic student conference. Moscow, February 17 2011). In association with the Moscow
State Institute of Foreign Relations
231. "The Conteporary Sudan: from unity to division" by S.Seregichev.
In association with the Russian State University for the Humanities
232. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 43 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
233. "The Contemporary Middle East" = 44 (collection of essays).
In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
234. "The contemporary Afghanistan and neighboring countries"
(collection of essays) In association with the Institute of Oriental
Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
236
235. "Kurdistan and Kurdish question in Western and Russian policy
(90s of the XXth century – the beginning of the XXIst century)"
by N.Z. Mosaki. In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences
236. "The transforming Turkey" by I.I. Starodubtsev. In association
with the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Relations
2012 .
237. "The State of Israel and the challenge Islamism: «the Arab spring»
and its impact of the Jewish state" by Alek D. Epstein
238. "Political situation and problems of national reconciliation in Somalia"
by S.V. Aleinikov
239. "Economic liberalization and macroeconomic efficiency of Egypt,
Jordan and Tunisia" by A.V. Saliychuk. In association with the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Internet: www.iimes.ru
237
0% 8 0
1
1
1-
2
*
*1
0
1
(
4
1
0 -
# !" "
0 2* !
' * - "$ 11.09.2012 ..
" 60%90/16.
0 - "$ 8! " &
. 8! " & =1
(6 15 1-. 2. .
200 ,# . *. #. = 224
115114,
* . 8 &«
!#' , 2-
3
'
') *
- !#
.»
* ., 12