совершенствование биологических очистных сооружений

2015
ȼȿɋɌɇɂɄ ɉɇɂɉɍ
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ
ʋ1
DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2015.1.13
ɍȾɄ 628.3
ȼ.ɋ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ,
ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɈȼȿɊɒȿɇɋɌȼɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɈɑɂɋɌɇɕɏ
ɋɈɈɊɍɀȿɇɂɃ ȽɈɊɈȾȺ ɄɊȺɋɇɈȼɂɒȿɊɋɄȺ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
3
(ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 17,8 ɬɵɫ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ – 4700 ɦ /ɫɭɬ) ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ (ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ), ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ (ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ),
ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ, – ȻɉɄ. ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ (ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚ). Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɛɟɡɡɚɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɬɪɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɫɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ (III) ɞɨɡɨɣ 6,5 ɦɝ/ɥ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ, ɚɡɨɬ, ɮɨɫɮɨɪ, ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤ.
V.S. Vladimirova
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT STRUCTURES
OF THE TOWN KRASNOVISHERSK
An analysis of wastewater treatment plants Krasnovishersk town (population – about 17,8 thou3
sand people, the daily sewage flow – 4700 m /day.) Provided by the averaged parameters of wastewater at various stages of purification. The problems associated with lack of efficiency of wastewater nutrients: carbon (organic compounds), nitrogen and phosphorus. The basic scheme and modified biological
wastewater treatment by carbon (organic compounds), nitrogen and phosphorus. Conducted a labora-
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ȼ.ɋ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ
tory experiment on domestic wastewater plants after mechanical treatment before biological structures,
in order to determine the optimal time of wastewater treatment in the main components included in the
analyzed wastewater: BOD. Was carried out in parallel theoretical calculation time of wastewater treatment and the required volume of biological treatment (aeration tank). To solve the problem of insufficient cleaning performance of organic compounds and nitrogen volume of biological treatment should
be increased by 1,5 times. To solve the problem of insufficient cleaning performance phosphorus existing scheme is extended by the town Krasnovishersk reagent extraction of phosphorus at the end of the
cleaning chain, before disinfection, which consists of vertical sedimentation tanks with built-in cameras
flocculation, Reagent and filters. The calculation of these structures. Accepted 3 vertical sump with integrated cameras flocculation. As the reagent used iron sulfate (III) dose of 6,5 mg/l. The process flowsheet wastewater treatment, which can be used for other cities such as the town Krasnovishersk.
Keywords: sewage, efficiency of cleaning, reconstruction, biological treatment structures, biogenic components: carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, aerotank.
ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 17,8 ɬɵɫ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. ɋɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ – 4700 ɦ3/ɫɭɬ [1].
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɨɛɟɡɡɚɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɨɤ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ. ȼ ɛɥɨɤ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ, ɩɟɫɤɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ. ɋɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ. ɋɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɫ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɛɢɨɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɯ. Ɉɛɟɡɡɚɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɥɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤɢ ȼɢɲɟɪɵ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:
1) ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ;
2) ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ; ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ȻɉɄ, ɚɡɨɬ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɣ, ɧɢɬɪɢɬɵ, ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ, ɮɨɫɮɚɬɵ.
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ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
ɗɤɫɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ:
1 – ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɬɨɤ
2 – ɩɟɫɤɨɥɨɜɤɚ
3 – ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ
4 – ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ȻɅɈɄ-900
I – ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚ
II – ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚ
III – ɚɷɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚ
IV – ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ
V – ɢɥɨɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶ
VI – ɛɢɨɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ
VII – ɛɢɨɮɢɥɶɬɪ
5 – ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ
6 – ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
7 – ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɤɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:
Ɇ1– ɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ
Ɇ2 – ɫɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ
Ɇ7 – ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ
ɂɈ – ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɰɢɤɥ
ɂ2 – ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ
ɂ3 – ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɢɥ
ɂ10 – ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɥ
ɂ5 – ɧɚɞɢɥɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ
ȺɈ – ɫɠɚɬɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ
ɏ1 – ɯɥɨɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ
Ʉ – ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
Ʉ3 – ɫɛɪɨɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
ɂ1 – ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ [2, 3].
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɟ (I) ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ.
ȼ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɨɣ (ɫɬɪɨɝɨɣ) ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ (II) ɢɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ (ɨɧ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɣ ɚɡɨɬ)
ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢɥɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ.
187
ȼ.ɋ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
Ɉɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɇɨɪɦɚ- ɜ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɬɢɜ,
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ,
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ,
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɟ
ɦɝ/ɥ (ɩɨ ɋɉ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɦɝ/ɥ (ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
2-ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ,
32.13330.2012)
ɤɢ, ɦɝ/ɥ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ Ɉɋ)
ɦɝ/ɥ
ȻɉɄ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
227,3
170,8
5,33
3
3
ȼɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ
246,2
134,2
12,44
14,1
3
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ⱥɡɨɬ ɚɦɦɨ39,8
38,3
1,19
0,4
0,39
ɧɢɣɧɵɣ
Ⱥɡɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ9,5
9
–
–
–
ɱɟɫɤɢɣ
Ⱥɡɨɬ ɧɢɬɪɢ0
0,016
0,09
0,08
0,02
ɬɨɜ
Ⱥɡɨɬ ɧɢɬɪɚ0
0,11
17
12
9,1
ɬɨɜ
Ɏɨɫɮɚɬɵ
5,7
5,0
0,94
0,2
0,02
ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ
–
35,2
35
100
100
ɏɉɄ
–
198
26,09
27,1
ɇɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ–
0,12
0,02
0,02
ɞɭɤɬɵ
ɋɉȺȼ
–
0,3
0,09
0,1
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ȼ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ (ɧɟɫɬɪɨɝɨɣ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ) ɡɨɧɟ (III) ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɟɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ (ɧɢɬɪɢɬɵ ɢ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ ɚɡɨɬ)
ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ.
188
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
ȼ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ (IV) ɢɞɭɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ: ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ) ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ (ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɵ ɢ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ), ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ɢɥɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɞɭɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ.
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɟ (V) ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɢɥɚ [4].
ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 1 (ɪɢɫ. 3) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜɫɟɝɨ 1 ɪɟɰɢɤɥ, ɢ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ (ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ).
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 1 ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɥ (ɐȺɂ) ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ. Ⱥɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ: ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɥ ɩɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɟ, ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ [5].
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 2 (ɪɢɫ. 4) – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɚɹ
ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɚɡɨɬ,
ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪ [6, 7].
189
ȼ.ɋ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 2 ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ
ɡɨɧɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɟɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɭ ɡɨɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ, ɢ ɢɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ (ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɵ ɢ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɜ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ, ɝɞɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ.
ɋɦɟɫɶ ɢɥɚ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɭɸ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɫɮɨɬɚɰɢɹ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɝɚɹ
ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ: ɧɟɬ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɭɞɚɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɮɨɫɮɨɪ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ.
ȼ ɫɯɟɦɟ ʋ 3 (ɪɢɫ. 5) ɭɠɟ ɧɟ 4, ɚ 5 ɫɬɚɞɢɣ: ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɫ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ (1–3 ɱ),
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ (ɮɨɫɮɨɪ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 95 %) [8].
Ɋɢɫ. 5. ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 3 ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
190
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 6. ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 4 ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ȼ ɫɯɟɦɟ ʋ 4 (ɪɢɫ. 6) ɭɠɟ ɧɟ 2, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ, ɚ 3 ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ [9].
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 95 %, ɚɡɨɬɚ –
ɞɨ 80 %, ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ – ɞɨ 70 %. Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɜ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ – 15–20 ɱ.
ȼ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɷɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɜɢɠɭɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɝɭ (ɪɢɫ. 7) [10].
Ɋɢɫ. 7. ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 5 ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɚɷɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ (ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ) ɢɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɥɟɧɧɚɹ
ɚɷɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ
ɢɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɚɷɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɫɵɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ȼ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɜɟɬɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ.
191
ȼ.ɋ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢɡ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ.
ȼ ɫɯɟɦɟ ʋ 6 (ɪɢɫ. 8) ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ (ɞɨ 95 %) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɋɢɫ. 8. ɋɯɟɦɚ ʋ 6 ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ,
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ; ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɫɨɥɹɦɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ; ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɯɟɦɵ ʋ 4
(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 6) ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɥ ɢɞɟɬ
ɜ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ, ɚ ɧɟ ɜ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɞɧɭɸ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ.
192
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉɨɫɨɛɢɹ
ɤ ɋɇɢɉ 2.04.03–85 «ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ» (1990).
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɫɬɨɤɨɜ, – ȻɉɄ – ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ȻɉɄ, ɦɝ/ɥ
0
170,8
2
55
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɱ
4
6
8
10
12
20
15
10
8
5
14
4
16
3
Ɋɢɫ. 9. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ȻɉɄ (ɦɝ/ɥ)
ɜ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ (ɱ)
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ: ɢɫɤɨɦɚɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ȻɉɄ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ
ɜ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ 2-ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ (3 ɦɝ/ɥ) ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ t = 16 ɱ.
ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɟ-ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɟ.
193
ȼ.ɋ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 1): ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞ – 4700 ɦ3/cyɬ; ȻɉɄ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ, – 170,8
ɦɝ/ɥ; ȻɉɄ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ, ” 3 ɦɝ/ɥ; ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ – 38,3 ɦɝ/ɥ; ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ ” 0,39 ɦɝ/ɥ; ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ – 0,11 ɦɝ/ɥ; ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɚɡɨɬɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ ” 9,1 ɦɝ/ɥ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɟ
t = 16,2 ɱ.
ȼɪɟɦɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɥɢ (ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ 1 %).
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚ-ɧɢɬɪɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ:
W = (Q · t)/24 = (4700 · 16,2)/24 = 3172,5 ɦ3.
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2400 ɦ3. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɜ ɞɜɚ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ȻɅɈɄ-900 ɨɞɧɢɦ ɬɨɱɧɨ
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ.
Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜ ɪɵɛɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ȻɉɄ. ɂ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ. ɋɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ: ɮɨɫɮɨɪɭɞɚɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ «ɤɚɩɪɢɡɧɵ», ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ; ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. (ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩ. 9.2.5.6 ɋɉ 31.13330.2012 «ȼɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ» (2013) ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ
1 ɦɝ/ɥ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɨ-ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɟ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ.)
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɨɬ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɣ
ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɛɟɡɡɚɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ.
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ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɬɪɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɫɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ (III) ɞɨɡɨɣ 6,5 ɦɝ/ɥ.
Ɋɢɫ. 10. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ:
1) ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ – ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ;
2) ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ – ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 10.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ȼɚɪɬɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ. ȼɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ. – ɉɟɪɦɶ:
ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɟɪɦ. ɧɚɰ. ɢɫɫɥɟɞ. ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2012. – 257 ɫ.
2. ɀɦɭɪ ɇ.ɋ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ. – Ɇ.: ȺɄȼȺɊɈɋ,
2003. – 506 ɫ.
3. Ⱥɛɪɚɦɨɜ ɇ.ɇ. ȼɨɞɨɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ. – Ɇ.: ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1974. – 480 ɫ.
4. Ȼɚɪɬɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɫɢɫ195
ȼ.ɋ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ
ɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ // ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ. – 2012. – ʋ 2 (58). – ɋ. 491–495.
5. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ:
ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. … ɞ-ɪɚ ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ. – ɋɉɛ., 2010. – 39 ɫ.
6. Janssen P.M.J., Meinema K., Roest H.F. van der. Biological Phosphorus removal // STOWA. – 2002. – 210 p.
7. Bundgaard E., Andersen K. L., Petersen G. Bio-denitro and biodenipho system – experiences and advanced model development: the Danish
system for biological N and P removal // Water Science Technology. –
1989. – No. 21.
8. Van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Brandse F.A., De Vries A.C. Environmental impacts of nutrient removal processes: case study // J. Environ.
Eng. – 1997. – No. 123.
9. Barnard J. L. Biological nutrient removal without the addition of
chemicals // Water Research. – 1975. – No. 9.
10. Randall C. W., Barnard J. L., Stensel H. D. Design and retrofit of
wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrient removal: Water quality
management Library // Technomic Publication. – 1992. – Vol. 5.
References
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ochistki stochnyh vod na sooruzheniiakh s aerotenkami [Technological and
biochemical processes for of the wastewater treatment facilities with the
aeration tanks]. Moscow: AKVAROS, 2003. 506 p.
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[Improvement of the technology for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in
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ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɢɲɟɪɫɤɚ
the complex wastewater treatment and sludge handling]. Abstract of the Thesis of the Doctor of Technical Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 2010. 39 p.
6. Janssen P.M.J., Meinema K., Roest H.F. van der. Biological
Phosphorus removal. STOWA, 2002, 210 p.
7. Bundgaard E., Andersen K. L., Petersen G. Bio-denitro and biodenipho system – experiences and advanced model development: the Danish system for biological N and P remova. Water Science Technology,
1989, no. 21.
8. Van Loosdrecht M. C. M., Brandse F. A., De Vries A. C. Environmental impacts of nutrient removal processes: case study. J. Environ.
Eng., 1997, no. 123.
9. Barnard J. L. Biological nutrient removal without the addition of
chemicals. Water Research, 1975, no. 9.
10. Randall C. W., Barnard J. L., Stensel H. D. Design and retrofit of
wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrient removal: Water quality
management Library. Technomic Publication, 1992, vol. 5.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 20.01.2015
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɢɹ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɧɚ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ» ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ (614990, ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ., 29,
e-mail: [email protected]).
About the author
Viktoriia S. Vladimirova (Perm, Russian Federation) – Master student, Department of Heating, Ventilation and Water supple, Sewerage, Perm
National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm,
614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: [email protected]).
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