Выборы в Конгресс
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★ ★ D S Å J H S D R J Y U H T C C ★ ★ Léjy Äklhbx Dnj dhtvz, rjulf dct dybvfybt chtlcnd vfccjdjq byajhvfwbb åeltn ghbrjdfyj r ghtpbltyncrbv dsåjhfv 2000 ujlf, uhfélfyt Fvthbrb åelen nfrét dsåbhfnm nsczxb lheubö ljkéyjcnysö kbw. Dsåjhs d Rjyuhtcc CIF vjuen åsnm nfrbvb ét cjcnzpfntkmysvb b ghfrnbxtcrb nfrbvb ét dféysvb, rfr b ghtpbltyncrbt dsåjhs. D Rjyuhtcct dkfcnm gjltktyf ghfrnbxtcrb gjhjdye vtéle ldevz jcyjdysvb gjkbnbxtcrbvb gfhnbzvb. Ltqcndbntkmyj, e htcgeåkbrfywtd tcnm ytpyfxbntkmyjt ghtbveotcndj d itcnm (bp 435) vtcn d Ybéytq gfkfnt, Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq, b gthtdtc d 5 (bp 100) vtcn d Ctyfnt, d Dthöytq gfkfnt. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, jcnftncz ytzcysv, rfrfz gfhnbz åeltn rjynhjkbhjdfnm Rjyuhtcc gjckt 2000 ujlf. Dsåjhs d Rjyuhtcc dféys tot b gjnjve, xnj Rjyuhtcc buhftn rkñxtdeñ hjkm d dshfåjnrt ujcelfhcndtyyjq gjkbnbrb. D jnkbxbt jn gfhkfvtyncrjq cbcntvs fvthbrfycrfz cbcntvf jcyjdfyf yf hfpltktybb dkfcnb vtéle Rjyuhtccjv b ghtpbltynjv. Bvtyyj Rjyuhtcc hfphfåfnsdftn b ghbybvftn dct pfrjys, f ghtpbltyn gjlgbcsdftn bö (bkb yfrkflsdftn yf ybö dtnj). Rhjvt njuj, ghjdtltybt jnltkmysö b ytpfdbcbvsö dsåjhjd ljkéyjcnysö kbw dctö ehjdytq jpyfxftn, xnj ceotcndetn djpvjéyjcnm rjynhjkz pf Rjyuhtccjv cj cnjhjys jlyjq gfhnbb, d nj dhtvz rfr ghtlcnfdbntkm lheujq gfhnbb åeltn pfybvfnm rhtckj ghtpbltynf. Änj nfr yfpsdftvjt ≤hfpltktybt dkfcntq≥ cnfyjdbncz ljdjkmyj hfcghjcnhfytyysv zdktybtv. D ntxtybt 14 bp gjcktlybö 20 ktn Gfkfnf ghtlcnfdbntktq yföjlbkfcm gjl rjynhjktv jlyjq gfhnbb, f ghtpbltynjv åsk ghtlcnfdbntkm lheujq. Htcgeåkbrfyws jåkflfñn åjkmibycndjv ujkjcjd d Rjyuhtcct yfxbyfz c 1994 u., nj tcnm, yf ghjnzétybb 6 bp 8 ktn, d ntxtybt rjnjhsö ltvjrhfn Åbkk Rkbynjy zdkztncz ghtpbltynjv. Gjänjve d 2000 u. nfrét åeltn htifnmcz djghjc j njv, cjöhfybncz kb ldeögfhnbqyjt eghfdktybt cnhfyjq bkb ét b Rjyuhtcc, b gjcn ghtpbltynf åelen d herfö jlyjq gfhnbb. RFR BPÅBHFTNCZ RJYUHTCC Gfkfnf ghtlcnfdbntktq b Ctyfn jåkflfñn ghfrnbxtcrb hfdysvb gjkyjvjxbzvb, yj bpåbhfñncz gj-hfpyjve. Jcyjdfntkb fvthbrfycrjq htcgeåkbrb ghtlgjkfufkb, xnj xktys Gfkfns ghtlcnfdbntktq åelen cjöhfyznm åkbpjcnm r yfhjle b xtcnyj jncnfbdfnm tuj xfzybz b yeéls ghb dshfåjnrt b ghbyznbb pfrjyjd. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, gj pfvscke jcyjdfntktq htcgeåkbrb, Gfkfnf ghtlcnfdbntktq ljkéyf åskf åsnm jnyjcbntkmyj åjkmijq b bpåbhfnmcz ljcnfnjxyj xfcnj (rfélst ldf ujlf). Gjyfxfke ytrjnjhsv änjn chjr gjrfpfkcz jxtym åjkmibv. Ctujlyz ét vyjubt cxbnfñn, xnj bp-pf xfcnjuj ghjdtltybz dsåjhjd kbwf, yföjlzobtcz e dkfcnb, dct dhtvz cnhtvzncz r gthtbpåhfybñ. D cjjndtncndbb c änbv dpukzljv, pfrjyjlfntkb åjkmit levfñn j cdjtv ecgtöt yf dsåjhfö, xtv j yeélfö cnhfys. Rféljt vtcnj d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq pfrhtgktyj pf jghtltktyysv utjuhfabxtcrbv hfqjyjv cnhfys, b rfélsq xkty gfkfns bpåbhftncz d jlyjvfylfnyjv jrheut ghjcnsv åjkmibycndjv (n.t. gjåtélftn njn rfylblfn, rjnjhsq yfåhfk yfbåjkmitt xbckj ujkjcjd). Rféljve bp 50 infnjd ufhfynbhetncz, gj rhfqytq vtht, jlyj vtcnj d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq. Jcnfkmyst vtcnf hfcghtltkzñncz d cjjndtncndbb c xbcktyyjcnmñ yfctktybz rféljuj infnf. Nfr, yfghbvth, e Fkzcrb ytåjkmijt yfctktybt, b gjänjve e ytt kbim jlyj vtcnj d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq, d nj 1 dhtvz rfr d Rfkbajhybb cfvjt åjkmijt yfctktybt d cnhfyt, d cbke xtuj änjn infn d yfcnjzott dhtvz bvttn d ybéytq gfkfnt 54 vtcnf. Ghb cjplfybb Ctyfnf ghtlgjkfufkjcm, xnj jy åeltn ghtlcnfdkznm infns. Ltqcndbntkmyj, d yfxfkt ctyfnjhs bpåbhfkbcm pfrjyjlfntkmysvb cjåhfybzvb infnjd. B kbim gjckt ghbyznbz 17-jq gjghfdrb r Rjycnbnewbb CIF d 1913 u. jyb cnfkb dsåbhfnmcz dctv yfctktybtv infnjd. Jn rféljuj infnf bpåbhfñncz ldf ctyfnjhf chjrjv yf itcnm ktn. Ghb änjv nhtnm Ctyfnf jåyjdkztncz rfélst ldf ujlf. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, ctyfnjhs bpåbhfñncz ghjcnsv åjkmibycndjv exfcndeñobö d ujkjcjdfybb, f rfélsq infn zdkztncz jlyjvfylfnysv jrheujv. Dsåjhs, rjnjhst ghjdjlzncz ghjcnsv åjkmibycndjv, jcjåtyyj d jlyjvfylfnysö jrheufö, rfr ghfdbkj, dtlen r ajhvbhjdfybñ cbcntvs, d rjnjhjq pfltqcndjdfys njkmrj ldt jcyjdyst gjkbnbxtcrbt gfhnbb. Änj ghjbcöjlbn gjnjve, xnj bpåbhfntkb d åjkmibycndt cdjtv cxbnfñn, xnj rfylblfns jn nhtnmbö gfhnbq bvtñn vfkj ifycjd yf gjåtle b, nfrbv jåhfpjv, ghtlgjxbnfñn yt ≤nhfnbnm≥ cdjb ujkjcf. D htpekmnfnt rfylblfns, cnhtvzobtcz r gjåtlt, jåsxyj bpåtufñn rfrbökbåj cdzptq c nhtnmbvb gfhnbzvb. CIF zdkzñncz yfukzlysv ghbvthjv njuj, xnj dsåjhs gj vtnjle ghjcnjuj åjkmibycndf ghbdjlzn r ajhvbhjdfybñ ldeögfhnbqyjq cbcntvs. Yf ghjnzétybb dctq cdjtq bcnjhbb d CIF ybrjulf yt ceotcndjdfkj åjktt ldeö jcyjdysö gfhnbq. Ltqcndbntkmyj, d ysytiytv ltcznbktnbb kbim jlyféls rfylblfn, yt ghtlcnfdkzñobq yb Ltvjrhfnbxtcreñ, yb Htcgeåkbrfycreñ gfhnbñ (zdkzñobtcz jcyjdysvb gfhnbzvb d Fvthbrt c 1860 u.), åsk bpåhfy d Gfkfne ghtlcnfdbntktq, b yb jlby bp nfrbö rfylblfnjd yt gjgfk d Ctyfn. JN XTUJ PFDBCZN HTPEKMNFNS DSÅJHJD D RJYUHTCC Yf ghjnzétybb åjkmitq xfcnb ysytiytuj dtrf dsåjhs d Rjyuhtcc ghjöjlbkb gj gfhnbqyjve ghbywbge. Gjcrjkmre åjkmibycndj bpåbhfntktq ljkujt dhtvz cdzpfys c njq bkb byjq gjkbnbxtcrjq gfhnbtq, jyb ghtlgjxbnfñn ujkjcjdfnm gj gfhnbqyjve ghbywbge. Xktys Rjyuhtccf xfcnj gthtbpåbhfkbcm, byjulf jcnfdfzcm yf cdjbö vtcnfö wtksvb ltcznbktnbzvb, gjcrjkmre åjkmibycndj bpåbhfntktq d bö jrheufö gjllthébdfkb cjjndtncndeñoeñ gfhnbñ. Ifub, ghtlghbybvftvst cfvbvb rfylblfnfvb, kbim ytpyfxbntkmyj ecbkbdfkb (bkb evtymifkb) äne gjllthére. D 70-ö ujlfö cfvb rfylblfns b djghjcs, cdzpfyyst c dsåjhfvb, cnfkb afrnjhjv, gjdsifñobv hjkm gfhnbqyjq ghbyflktéyjcnb. D 60-ö ujlfö ghb ghjdtltybb jåotyfwbjyfkmysö dsåjhjd frwtyn yfxfk cvtofnmcz jn gfhnbq r cfvbv rfylblfnfv. Åkfujlfhz ghtldsåjhyjq htrkfvt yf ntktdbltybb, djpvjéyjcnb cåjhf juhjvysö chtlcnd gj gjxnt, ghjdtltybz jghjcjd jåotcndtyyjuj vytybz b lheubv fcgtrnfv cjdhtvtyyjq ghtldsåjhyjq åjhmås, bpåbhfntkb cnfkb gjkexfnm åjkmit byajhvfwbb j rfylblfnfö rfr kbxyjcnzö. D htpekmnfnt rhjvt gfhnbqyjq ghbyflktéyjcnb rfylblfnjd bpåbhfntkb cnfkb jåhfofnm dybvfybt b yf bö ckfåst b cbkmyst cnjhjys. Bpåbhfntkmyfz rfvgfybz, ult dj ukfde eukf cnfdbncz rfylblfn, f yt tuj gfhnbqyfz ghbyflktéyjcnm, lftn juhjvyjt ghtbveotcndj ysytiybv xktyfv Rjyuhtccf. Jyb ltkzncz cdjbvb vsckzvb yf ntktdbltybb b yf cnhfybwfö ufptn pyfxbntkmyj xfot, xtv bö cjgthybrb, jcjåtyyj vtéle dsåjhfvb. Åkfujlfhz åjkmitve ljcnege r chtlcndfv vfccjdjq byajhvfwbb b ceotcndtyyjve dkbzybñ yf ujcelfhcndtyyeñ gjkbnbre, ltqcndeñobt xktys Rjyuhtccf vjuen cjåhfnm pyfxbntkmyj åjktt rhegyst cevvs lkz ghjdtltybz cdjtq bpåbhfntkmyjq rfvgfybb. D cbke änbö b lheubö ghbxby ltqcndeñobt xktys Rjyuhtccf bvtñn åjkmit ifycjd yf gthtbpåhfybt. D 1998 u. 401 xkty Gfkfns ghtlcnfdbntktq åfkkjnbhjdfkcz yf dnjhjq chjr, b kbim ctvm bp ybö ghjbuhfkb, d nj dhtvz rfr bp 29 ctyfnjhjd, jcgfhbdfdibö ghfdj jcnfnmcz yf cdjtv gjcne yf yjdsq chjr, gjhfétybt gjnthgtkb nhb. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, exbnsdfz, xnj rjäaabwbtyn gthtbpåhfybz cjcnfdkztn 90 ghjwtynjd b dsit, jcyjdysvb ltqcndeñobvb kbwfvb yf dsåjhfö d Rjyuhtcc zdkzñncz yt ghjcnj rfylblfns, f rfylblfns bp xbckf ltqcndeñobö xktyjd gfhkfvtynf. Bvtz åjkmibt abyfycjdst djpvjéyjcnb, ljcneg r chtlcndfv vfccjdjq byajhvfwbb b gjkmpezcm cdjtq gjgekzhyjcnmñ, ltqcndeñobt xktys Rjyuhtccf gjåtélfñn åkfujlfhz njve, xnj bö pyfñn bpåbhfntkb, xnj yt dctulf dthyj d jnyjitybb bö cjgthybrjd. Htpekmnfns jghjcjd jåotcndtyyjuj 2 vytybz cdbltntkmcndeñn j njv, xnj ltdznm bp rfélsö ltcznb htcgjyltynjd pyfñn cdjtuj ghtlcnfdbntkz d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq bkb Ctyfnt, yj kbim 5–6 bp ltcznb exfcnybrjd bccktljdfybz pyfñn bvz jcyjdyjuj cjgthybrf lfét d rjywt ghtldsåjhyjq rfvgfybb. Gjcrjkmre cjgthybrb yt vjuen gjödfcnfnmcz gjgekzhyjcnmñ, bv nhelytt yfqnb cgjycjhjd. Änj xfcnj ghbdjlbn r njve, xnj gjntywbfkmyj cbkmyst rfylblfns ghtlgjxbnfñn yt dscnegfnm d rfxtcndt cjgthybrjd eét bpdtcnysö xktyjd Rjyuhtccf. E ntö ét bp ybö, rnj htiftncz yf änj, djpybrfñn ghjåktvs c abyfycbhjdfybtv cdjtq bpåbhfntkmyjq rfvgfybb, d cbke xtuj jyb, rfr ghfdbkj, jcnfñncz ytbpdtcnysvb b ybrjulf yt dsöjlzn dgthtl, erhtgkzz ntv cfvsv dthe d nj, xnj ltqcndeñobt xktys Rjyuhtccf ghfrnbxtcrb ytgjåtlbvs. Rjulf cjgthybr cnfyjdbncz bpdtcnysv, bpåbhfntkb, crjhtt dctuj, jnytcencz r jåjbv rfylblfnfv jlbyfrjdj b ghjujkjceñn pf njuj, xmz gjpbwbz gj bö vytybñ åjktt ghbdktrfntkmyf. Rfrbt ét jåtofybz yfbåjktt äaatrnbdys yf dsåjhfö d Rjyuhtcc? Pltcm njét ghjbpjikb bpvtytybz b jcjåtyyj yf gjcktlybö dsåjhfö. Åsdibq cgbrth Gfkfns ghtlcnfdbntktq Njvfc G. ≤Nbg≥ J’Ytqk ytjlyjrhfnyj pfzdkzk, xnj ≤dcz gjkbnbrf yjcbn vtcnysq öfhfrnth≥, bvtz d dble, xnj dj ukfde eukf yf dsåjhfö d Rjyuhtcc cnfdzncz rjyrhtnyst bynthtcs b ghjåktvs rféljuj jrheuf, f yt jåotyfwbjyfkmyst djghjcs. Vtcnysq öfhfrnth dsåjhjd ghtrhfcyj cjxtnftncz c hjcnjv ntyltywbb, d cjjndtncndbb c rjnjhjq jcyjdyjt dybvfybt eltkztncz cfvjve rfylblfne, f yt tuj gfhnbqyjq ghbyflktéyjcnb, xnj gjpdjkztn tve gjlybvfnm nt djghjcs, rjnjhst ghtlcnfdkzñn bynthtc lkz rjyrhtnyjuj jrheuf. Ghjvtéenjxyst dsåjhs 1994 u. cnfkb cdjtjåhfpysv djljhfpltkjv. Bvtz åjkmibycndj d Ctyfnt, Htcgeåkbrfycrfz gfhnbz gjkexbkf d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq yf 52 vtcnf åjkmit, xtv Ltvjrhfnbxtcrfz gfhnbz, nfrbv jåhfpjv dgthdst pf gjcktlybt 40 ktn cajhvbhjdfd d ybéytq gfkfnt åjkmibycndj. Jlyjq bp cjcnfdysö xfcntq cnhfntubb kblthf htcgeåkbrfywtd, cgbrthf Ymñnf Ubyuhbxf, åskf pfrjyjlfntkmyfz ghjuhfvvf bp 10 geyrnjd, gjkexbdifz yfpdfybt ≤Rjynhfrn c Fvthbrjq≥. Änf ghjuhfvvf åskf jljåhtyf åjkmibycndjv rfylblfnjd jn Htcgeåkbrfycrjq gfhnbb d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq d yfxfkt bpåbhfntkmyjq rfvgfybb. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, jyb gjkexbkb djpvjéyjcnm bcgjkmpjdfnm tt bkb jnltkmyst tt xfcnb d cdjbö bpåbhfntkmysö jåtofybzö bkb (rfr gjcnegbkb vyjubt) gjkyjcnmñ ghjbuyjhbhjdfnm tt. ≤Rjynfrn c Fvthbrjq≥ ytjéblfyyj ghbjåhtk pyfxtybt gjckt dsåjhjd. Ubyuhbx gjjåtofk, xnj yjdjt htcgeåkbrfycrjt åjkmibycndj jåtcgtxbn ghbyznbt änjq ghjuhfvvs d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq pf 100 lytq, xnj b åskj cltkfyj. Änj ceotcndtyyj gjdscbkj ghtcnbé Gfkfns ghtlcnfdbntktq, Htcgeåkbrfycrjq gfhnbb b cgbrthf d cnhfyt b ecnfyjdbkj yjhve, d cjjndtncndbb c rjnjhjq jåotyfwbjyfkmyst djghjcs b äaatrnbdyfz jåotyfwbjyfkmyfz gfhnbqyfz gkfnajhvf vjuen buhfnm rkñxtdeñ hjkm d ghjdtltybb ghjvtéenjxysö dsåjhjd. Gjrf ytzcyj, åelen kb gfhnbb dtcnb cdjñ åjhmåe yf jcyjdt yfwbjyfkmysö gfhnbqysö gkfnajhv. Gjckt 1998 u. cjcnjzkbcm njkmrj jlyb ghjvtéenjxyst dsåjhs d Rjyuhtcc. D ytrjnjhjv cvsckt htpekmnfns dsåjhjd 1998 u. åskb nfrbvb ét ytjéblfyysvb, rfr b d 1994 u. Dgthdst c 1934 u. gfhnbz ltqcndeñotuj ghtpbltynf jnsuhfkf vtcnf (d lfyyjv ckexft gznm vtcn) e jggjpbwbjyyjq gfhnbb d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq. Ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj htcgeåkbrfyws gj-ghtéytve bvtñn åjkmibycndj d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq b d Ctyfnt, gj jåotve eåtéltybñ, jyb gjnthgtkb gjhfétybt yf dsåjhfö 1998 u. Vyjubt xktys gfhnbb cxbnfñn ghbxbyjq cdjtuj gjhfétybz ytcgjcjåyjcnm dshfåjnfnm xtnreñ gjpbwbñ gj jåotyfwbjyfkmysv djghjcfv. Nfr änj bkb ytn, yj gfhnbqyst kblths eåtéltys, xnj jåotyfwbjyfkmyst djghjcs buhfñn dféyeñ hjkm d gfhkfvtyncrbö dsåjhfö. GFHKFVTYNCRBT DSÅJHS 2000 U. Lhfvfnbxtcrbt gjdjhjns, ghjbpjitlibt yf gfhkfvtyncrbö dsåjhfö d 90-ö ujlfö, cltkfkb ghjuyjpbhjdfybt bö htpekmnfnjd jgfcysv. Ltqcndbntkmyj, dféyj nj, xnj cnfhst vtnjls dtltybz bpåbhfntkmyjq rfvgfybb dgjkyt vjuen jrfpfnmcz yt cfvsvb äaatrnbdysvb d cjdhtvtyysö eckjdbzö, b bpåbhfntkb gj-yjdjve cvjnhzn yf vyjubt dtob ghb ghbyznbb htitybq. B ntv yt vtytt tcnm jcyjdfybz blnb yfdcnhtxe 2000 u. c jgnbvbpvjv. 3 Cfvsv frnefkmysv djghjcjv ysytiytuj ujlf zdkztncz djghjc j njv, cvjuen kb ltvjrhfns gjkexbnm itcnm bkb åjktt vtcn, xnjås djccnfyjdbnm cdjt åjkmibycndj d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq, dct 435 xktyjd rjnjhjq åelen bpåbhfnmcz dyjdm. D Ctyfnt d öjlt dsåjhjd åeltn jcgfhbdfnmcz njkmrj 33 vtcnf, 19 bp rjnjhsö d yfcnjzott dhtvz pfybvfñn htcgeåkbrfyws. Vyjubt ysytiybt xktys Rjyuhtccf yfvthtys ljåbdfnmcz gthtbpåhfybz, b htcgeåkbrfyws, pfybvfñobt vtcnf d Ctyfnt, zdkzñncz ljcnfnjxyj cbkmysvb rfylblfnfvb. Nfrbv jåhfpjv e ltvjrhfnjd ytvyjuj ifycjd gjkexbnm öjnm rfrbt-ybåelm vtcnf, yt ujdjhz eét j gznb yjdsö. Gjcrjkmre htcgeåkbrfywfv, crjhtt dctuj, elfcncz cjöhfybnm cdjt åjkmibycndj d Ctyfnt, nj dct dybvfybt åeltn ghbrjdfyj r Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq. Jåt gfhnbb gsnfñncz dsldbyenm yfbcbkmytqibö rfylblfnjd b vjåbkbpjdfnm dct htcehcs lkz gjåtls yf dsåjhfö d Gfkfne ghtlcnfdbntktq. Vyjujt åeltn pfdbctnm jn exfcnbz yjdsö rfylblfnjd, jcjåtyyj jgsnysö gjkbnbrjd, nfrbö rfr xktys pfrjyjlfntkmysö cjåhfybq infnjd. Yt vtytt dféyj, jlyfrj, b nj, yfcrjkmrj rfylblfns d ghtpbltyns jn gfhnbq erhtgzn bkb jckfåzn ifycs rfylblfnjd d xktys Gfkfns ghtlcnfdbntktq, jcjåtyyj ntö bp ybö, rnj ghtntyleñn yf vtcnf, yt jcgfhbdftvst ysytiybvb pfrjyjlfntkzvb. Cjxtnfybt jgsnysö b äaatrnbdysö rfylblfnjd d xktys Gfkfns ghtlcnfdbntktq c äythubxyjq bpåbhfntkmyjq rfvgfybtq, ghjdjlbvjq rfylblfnjv d ghtpbltyns jn gfhnbb, jåtcgtxbdftn yfbåjkmibt bpvtytybz d åfkfyct cbk vtéle ldevz gfhnbzvb. Tckb yf dsåjhfö d Rjyuhtcc dct djphfcnfñoeñ hjkm buhfñn jåotyfwbjyfkmyst djghjcs, d 2000 u. yfbåjktt dféyjq jåotyfwbjyfkmyjq cbkjq cnfyen rfylblfns d ghtpbltyns b bö gjkbnbxtcrbt rfvgfybb. Htcgeåkbrfyws ghbpyfkb djphjcieñ dféyjcnm jåotyfwbjyfkmyjuj kblthcndf gjckt dsåjhjd 1998 u., b Ymñn Ubyuhbx jcnfdbk gjcn kblthf b vtcnj d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq gjl nzétcnmñ gjytctyysö gfhnbtq gjnthm. Cnhjuj rjycthdfnbdyjt yfghfdktybt, d rjnjhjv jy dtk Htcgeåkbrfycreñ gfhnbñ dj dhtvz b gjckt ≤htcgeåkbrfycrjq htdjkñwbb≥ 1994 u., åskj ytcrjkmrj cvzuxtyj. Jåt gfhnbb, crjhtt dctuj, dsldbyen nfrbö rfylblfnjd d ghtpbltyns, rjnjhst gjkmpeñncz gjllthérjq evthtyyjq xfcnb bö xktyjd, b ntö, rnj yt cjcnjbn yb d jlyjq bp änbö gfhnbq. Rfélfz gfhnbz hfccvfnhbdftn nfreñ cnhfntubñ yt njkmrj rfr yfbkexieñ gjpbwbñ lkz cdjbö rfylblfnjd d ghtpbltyns, yj b rfr yfbkexibq ifyc lkz ajhvbhjdfybz åjktt yfltéysö ghtpbltyncrbö ≤afkljd≥ c wtkmñ gjkextybz åjkmituj xbckf vtcn d Rjyuhtcct åkfujlfhz cbkmyjve rfylblfne d ghtpbltyns. Vjéyj åsnm edthtyysv d njv, xnj xktys ltqcndeñotuj Rjyuhtccf gjkexfn gjlfdkzñott åjkmibycndj vtcn. Jlyfrj ifnrjt htcgeåkbrfycrjt åjkmibycndj d Gfkfnt ghtlcnfdbntktq yföjlbncz gjl euhjpjq. Exbnsdfz jnrhsnjcnm b cjcnzpfntkmyjcnm ghtpbltyncrjq ujyrb b yt vtytt cjcnzpfntkmysq öfhfrnth gfhkfvtyncrbö dsåjhjd d 2000 u., yfghfdktybt fvthbrfycrjq gjkbnbrb åeltn nfrét dj vyjujv pfdbctnm jn njuj, rnj ghbltn r dkfcnb. ★ Léjy Äklhbx zdkztncz ghjatccjhjv Eybdthcbntnf Gafqpth-Ghänn b bcgjkyzñobv jåzpfyyjcnb ltrfyf afrekmntnf gjkbnjkjubb Lñrcrjuj eybdthcbntnf d Lñhötvt, Ctdthyfz Rfhjkbyf. Fdnjh ytcrjkmrbö rybu, d njv xbckt ≤Gthtl rjydtywbtq≥ b ≤Gjxtve gfhnbb?≥, f nfrét vyjujxbcktyysö cnfntq. D yfcnjzott dhtvz zdkztncz ghtpbltynjv Ñéyjq fccjwbfwbb gjkbnjkjubb. 4
