Флюидные включения – источник прямой информации об

RMS DPI 2008-1-138-0
http://www.minsoc.ru/2008-1-138-0
Ɏɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ – ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɜ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɭɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ȼɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɇ.ɋ.1, ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ.2
ɂȽȿɆ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, [email protected]
2
ɂȽɆ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, [email protected]
1
Fluid inclusions – a source of the direct information on evolution in space and
in time of physico-chemical parameters of submarine hydrothermal
ore-forming systems
Bortnikov N.S.1, Simonov V.A.2
1
IGEM RAS, Moscow, Russia, [email protected]
2
IGM SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, [email protected]
Summary. On an example of «black smokers» of Pacific and Atlantic oceans it is shown,
that researches of fluid inclusions allow to obtain the direct information on conditions of
crystallization of minerals at various times and in different parts of sulphide constructions. Now
it is practically unique method, giving the chance to reconstruct features of evolution of physicochemical parameters of submarine hydrothermal ore-forming systems in space and in time, as
even direct measurements by means of deep-water submersibles characterise properties of the
hydroterms in one point and at the moment of the analysis.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ,
ɢɡɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɢ ɡɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ «ɱɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɭɪɢɥɶɳɢɤɢ» ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɥɟɬ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɭɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ ɢɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɭɞ «ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɢɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ» Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɢ
Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ (Ȼɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ, Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ, 2004; ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., 2006;
Ȼɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., 2007; Bortnikov et al., 2004, 2005).
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ ɢɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɭɞ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ.
Ȼɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɸɛɟɡɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɭɞɧɵɯ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɟɬɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɊȺɇ (ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ) ɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ
ɨɤɟɚɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɊȺɇ (ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɩɨɞɧɹɬɵɟ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɢɬɚɟɦɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ «Ɇɢɪ».
Ɏɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɛɚɪɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɢ (ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜ, Ⱦɨɥɝɨɜ,
1979; Ɋɟɞɞɟɪ, 1987). ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɪɦɨɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɢ ɜ ɤɪɢɨɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ
(ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ, 1993).
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɭɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
19
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ɋɟɣɧɛɨɭ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɟ (295-370°ɋ), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɪɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ,
ɢɡɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ - 250-362°ɋ (Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., 1999). ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɬɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ «ȼɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫ» (ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ
Ɇɚɧɭɫ, Ɍɢɯɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (242-285°ɋ),
ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ - 275°ɋ (Ʌɢɫɢɰɵɧ ɢ ɞɪ., 1992), ɢɡɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɧɚ
ɞɧɟ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɹɯ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ (ȼɌɉ) 9° ɫ.ɲ. (357-392°ɋ) ɢ 21° ɫ.ɲ. (335-355°ɋ,
Campbell et al., 1988) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ȼɌɉ 9° ɫ.ɲ. (ɞɨ 390°ɋ) ɢ ɞɥɹ ȼɌɉ 21° ɫ.ɲ. (ɞɨ
395°ɋ) ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ..
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɹɯ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 130-170°ɋ ɩɪɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɭɞɚɯ Ɋɟɣɧɛɨɭ ɢ 160200°ɋ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɩɨɥɹ «ȼɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫ». ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ȼɌɉ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɬɚ ɜ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ȼɌɉ 9° ɫ.ɲ. ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ 285-390°ɋ, ɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɯ ȼɌɉ 21° ɫ.ɲ. - 145 395°ɋ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ȼɌɉ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ Ȼɪɨɤɟɧ ɋɩɭɪ (ɋɪɟɞɢɧɧɨ-Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɪɟɛɟɬ): ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ (259-406ºɋ) ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ
ɨɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɯ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ,
ɪɚɡɝɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɪɚɜɧɚ 366°ɋ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (203-316°ɋ)
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨ-ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɵ Ɏɪɚɧɤɥɢɧ (ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ȼɭɞɥɚɪɤ,
Ɍɢɯɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ), ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɚɪɢɬɟ,
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ, ɡɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ȽɈȺ «Ɇɢɪ» (Ƚɨɪɞɟɟɜ, 1992).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɩɪɢ
ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ), ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚɦ, ɢɡɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɨ
ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɟ, ɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ.
ɋɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ, ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɢɡɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ. Ɂɚɦɟɪɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɣ (ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɵ) ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 1.5 ɪɚɡɚ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɨɬɥɚɝɚɜɲɢɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɨ-ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɟ ɪɭɞɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ Ɋɟɣɧɛɨɭ
(ɞɨ 8.5 ɦɚɫ. %) ɢ «ȼɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫ» (ɞɨ 7.7 ɦɚɫ. %), ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɣ
ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ (ȼɌɉ)
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɬ: ȼɌɉ 9° ɫ.ɲ. – 4-12.6 ɦɚɫ. %, ȼɌɉ 21°
ɫ.ɲ. – 2.3-9.8 ɦɚɫ. %. ȿɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨɥɹ
Ʌɨɝɚɱɟɜ (ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɚ), ɝɞɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 5 ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɭɞ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
20
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɮɥɸɢɞɵ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɨɬ
ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɭɛɦɚɪɢɧɧɵɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɮɥɸɢɞɚ
Ɏɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɜɲɚɹ ɜ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɭɛɦɚɪɢɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ
ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɟ, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɌɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɢ (ȼɌɉ) 21° ɫ.ɲ. (Welham, Craig, 1979). ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɯ ɮɚɤɬ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɦɢ
ɫɢɧɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ (Kelley, Delaney, 1987;
Vanko, 1988; Bortnikov et al., 1997).
ȼ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ Ʌɨɝɚɱɟɜ (ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɚ), «ȼɟɧɫɤɢɣ
ɥɟɫ» (ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ Ɇɚɧɭɫ, Ɍɢɯɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ), ȼɌɉ 9° ɫ.ɲ. ɢ ȼɌɉ 21° ɫ.ɲ. ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦ ɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ʌɨɝɚɱɟɜ (ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɚ) ɢɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɵ. ɉɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ «ɜɫɤɢɩɚɧɢɹ» - ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɨɬ
ɫɭɩɟɪɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ. ɗɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ
«overpressured» ɮɥɸɢɞ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɚ. ȼ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ «ȼɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫ» ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ
ɜɢɞɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ
ɢɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ,
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ (ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ
ɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ) ɢ ɨɛ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɯɢɦɢɡɦɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ,
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ
ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ. ɋɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ,
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ (ʋ 6.8), ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
Ɇɢɧɨɛɪɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ»
(ɩɪɨɟɤɬ Ɋɇɉ.2.1.1.1840).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɘ.Ⱥ., ɋɚɝɚɥɟɜɢɱ Ⱥ.Ɇ., Ƚɭɪɜɢɱ ȿ.Ƚ., ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ɋɟɣɧɛɨɭ (ɋɪɟɞɢɧɧɨ-Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɪɟɛɟɬ) // ȾȺɇ. 1999. Ɍ.
365. ʋ 5. ɋ. 657-662 .
Ȼɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɇ.ɋ., ɋɚɝɚɥɟɜɢɱ Ⱥ.Ɇ., ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɂɤɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɋ.ȼ., Ɍɟɪɟɧɹ ȿ.Ɉ., Ʉɚɦɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ʌ.,
Ⱥɜɟɞɢɫɹɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., ɋɬɚɜɪɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ɉ., Ⱦɪɚɧɢɱɧɢɤɨɜɚ ȼ.ȼ. ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ
ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɧɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɢ
9º - 10º ɫ.ɲ. ɢ 21º ɫ.ɲ. (ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ) // Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ
Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɇɚɭɤ. 2007. Ɍ. 413. ʋ 5. ɋ. 671-675.
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Ȼɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɇ.ɋ., ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɘ.Ⱥ. Ɏɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ ɢɡ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ: ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɚ // Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ. 2004. Ɍ. 46. ʋ 1. ɋ. 74-87.
Ƚɨɪɞɟɟɜ ȼ.ȼ. ɏɢɦɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɯ ɡɚɞɭɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɟɞɢɧɝɚ (ȼɭɞɥɚɪɤ ɢ
Ɇɚɧɭɫ) // Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɨɝɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ. Ɇ.: ɐɇɂȽɊɂ, ɇɌɄ
«ȽȿɈɗɄɋɉȿɊɌ». 1992. ɋ.181-183.
ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜ ɇ.ɉ., Ⱦɨɥɝɨɜ ɘ.Ⱥ. Ɍɟɪɦɨɛɚɪɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɹ. Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ. 1979. 271 ɫ.
Ʌɢɫɢɰɵɧ Ⱥ.ɉ., Ʉɪɭɤ Ʉ., Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɘ.Ⱥ., Ɂɨɧɟɧɲɚɣɧ Ʌ.ɉ., Ɇɭɪɚɜɶɟɜ Ʉ.Ƚ., Ɍɭɮɚɪ ȼ., Ƚɭɪɜɢɱ ȿ.Ƚ.,
Ƚɨɪɞɟɟɜ ȼ.ȼ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ƚ.ȼ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɪɢɮɬɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɇɚɧɭɫ // ɂɡɜ. Ⱥɇ
ɊȺɇ. ɋɟɪ. ɝɟɨɥ. 1992. ʋ 10. ɋ. 34-55.
Ɋɟɞɞɟɪ ɗ. Ɏɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ. Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1987. 632 ɫ.
ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɬɪɨɝɟɧɟɡɢɫ ɨɮɢɨɥɢɬɨɜ (ɬɟɪɦɨɛɚɪɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ). ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ:
ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɈɂȽȽɆ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, 1993. 247 ɫ.
ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ⱦɪɚɧɢɱɧɢɤɨɜɚ ȼ.ȼ., Ɇɚɫɥɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɟɢɧ Ⱥ.ɘ., Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɘ.Ⱥ. Ɏɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɰɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ Ɇɟɧɟɡ Ƚɜɟɧ (ɋɪɟɞɢɧɧɨȺɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɪɟɛɟɬ) // Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɨɝɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ – 2006. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɪɭɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɢɚɫɫ: ɂɆɢɧ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ. 2006. ɋ. 71-73.
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