X.К. Оспанов Роль кислорода в гидрохимическом процессе
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ɍȾɄ KWWSG[GRLRUJFKHPEBB ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɄɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦɟɧɢɚɥɶɎɚɪɚɛɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɝȺɥɦɚɬɵ (PDLO+DELEXOOD2VSDQRY#ND]QXN] Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɬɚɤɠɟɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɜɢɞɟ ɧɢɟɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚGɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚGɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶGɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹGɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣGɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢGɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜGɧɚGɨɫɧɨɜɟGɫɪɚɜ ɧɟɧɢɹGɜɟɥɢɱɢɧGɫɪɟɞɧɟɣGɚɬɨɦɧɨɣG ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢGɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹGɬɜɟɪɞɵɯGɜɟɳɟɫɬɜGOɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜPGɩɨGɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸGɤGɞɚɧ ɧɨɦɭG ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɭG ɜG ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢG ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚUG ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨG ɢG ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨG ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨSG ɱɬɨG ɜG ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬGɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚGɞɚɧɧɨɝɨGɦɟɬɚɥɥɚGɢɥɢGɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚGɤGɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭGɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹGɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹGɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶGɢɡ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹGɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢGɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹGɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜGɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦU ɄɥɸɱɟɜɵɟGɫɥɨɜɚɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɚɬɨɦɧɚɹɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɏԔɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵɦɟɬɚɥɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɬɟɪɿɦɟɧɬɨɬɵԕɬɚɪɵ ɟɪɿɬɭɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿɨɬɬɟɝɿɧɿԙɪԧɥɿ Ʉɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ ԕɵɫԕɚɲɚ ɲɨɥɭɞɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɬɟɪ ɬɨɬɵԕɬɚɪ ɦɟɬɚɥɞɚɪ ɟɪɿɬɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɿɧɞɟɝɿ ɨɬɬɟɝɿɧɿԙ ԥɫɟɪɿ ɠԥɧɟ ɫɨɥ ɬɭɪɚɥɵ ԑɚɥɵɦɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɞɵԙ ɤԧɡԕɚɪɚɫɬɚɪɵ ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɵɥԑɚɧ Ɉɬɬɟɝɿɧɿԙԕɚɬɵɫɭɵɦɟɧԕɚɬɬɵɡɚɬɬɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɛɨɣɵɧɲɚɨɪɬɚɲɚɬԛɡɿɥɭɚɬɨɦɞɵԕ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɥɚɪɵ ɧɟɝɿɡɿɧɞɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɬɟɪɿɧ ɫɚɥɵɫɬɵɪɭ ɦԛɦɤɿɧɞɿɝɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɝɟɧ Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɵԙɧɟɦɟɫɟɦɟɬɚɥɞɵԙɨɬɬɟɝɿɝɟԝԕɫɚɫɬɵԑɵɧɚɛɚɣɥɚɧɵɫɬɵɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɬɟɪɞɿԙԧɬɬɟɝɿɦɟɧɬɨɬɵԑɭ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵɧɵԙɛɟɥɝɿɥɿɛɿɪԧɡɝɟɪɿɫɿɬɚɛɵɥԑɚɧɠԥɧɟɬԥɠɿɪɢɛɟɪɟɬɿɧɞɟɪɚɫɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɌΟɣɿɧɫΫɡɞɟɪɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙɟɪɭɿɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕԛɞɟɪɿɫɬɟɪɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɞɚɪɞɵԙɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɥɵԕԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿɨɪɬɚɲɚ ɬԛɡɿɥɭɚɬɨɦɞɵԕɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɥɚɪɵ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ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɞɪ.) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɹɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ [11]. ɇɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɜ ɪɹɞ ɩɨ ɭɛɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɟ ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɇɚɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɉɢɬɟɪɫɚ [11]. ɂɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ (ɊɈ2 = 750 ɤɉɚ (7,5 ɚɬɦ), ɪɇ~10,9) ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɹɞ: Cu2S ޓCuS ޓCu5FeS ޓCuFeS2 ޓPbS ޓFeSޓFeS2. ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɟɫɬɪɨɝɢɦ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɭ-ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ-ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɚɬɨɦɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ 'f G0 [12]. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ( ' f G 0 ), ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɤȾɠ/(ɦɨɥɶ-ɚɬɨɦ), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɭɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ: ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ) ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ, ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (W, Ʉ) ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ [12, 15]. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ( 'f G0 ) ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ [12]. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Cɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ' I * 0 ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ 150+200 ɦɟɲ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ 6, Į = 6, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 25 ±0,2ƕɋ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɵɬɚ 120-240 ɫ) -'I *0 Cɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɤȾɠ ɦɨɥɶ*ɚɬɨɦ Cu2S Cu5FeS4 Cu3FeS3 CuS CuFeS2 26,4 32,2 37,7 38,6 44,7 Ɉɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ HCl+O2 NH4OH+ O2 FeCl3 NaNO2 Ca (OCl)2 W ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ ͲϭϮ ϭ͘ϮΎϭϬ Ͳϭϰ ϯ͘ϮΎϭϬ Ͳϭϰ Ϯ͘ϲΎϭϬ Ͳϭϱ Ϭ͘ϰΎϭϬ Ͳϭϲ ϭ͘ϲΎϭϬ W ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ ͲϭϮ ϱ͘ϱΎϭϬ Ͳϭϯ Ϯ͘ϴΎϭϬ Ͳϭϯ Ϯ͘ϭΎϭϬ Ͳϭϱ ϰ͘ϬΎϭϬ Ͳϭϱ ϭ͘ϰΎϭϬ W ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ 8,5*10-10 5,4*10-11 5,0*10-11 4,7*10-12 3,3*10-13 W ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ 1,42*10-9 0,57*10-10 0,42*10-10 0,19*10-11 0,09*10-12 W ɦɨɥɶ·/ɦ2·ɫ 25,3*10-4 15,2*10-4 13,5*10-4 10,1*10-4 7,90*10-4 ,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɹɞɚ HCl + O2, NH4OH + O2, FeCl3, NaNO2, Ca(OCl)2 ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ (ɫɢɥɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ) ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ HCl + O2 ɤ ɝɢɩɨɯɥɨɪɢɬɭ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1), ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɨ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɩɨɯɥɨɪɢɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ – ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ 10 000 ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ. ɗɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɚɛɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ 493,7 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧɚ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬɚ (I), ɛɨɪɧɢɬɚ (II), ɤɨɜɟɥɥɢɧɚ, ɯɚɥɶɤɨɩɢɪɢɬɚ, ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɯɨɞɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶ Ca(ɈCl)2 > NaNO2 > FeCl3 > HCl + O2 > NH4OH+ O2, – ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ ɦɟɞɢ – ɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ: Cu2S > Cu5FeS4 > Cu3FeS3 > CuS > CuFeS2.Ɍɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ. ɂɡ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɚɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ' I * 0 ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɍɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ- ɧɢɹ ln a( ' I * 2 ' I *1 ) ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡ0 0 ɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ' I * [12]U 0 Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɞɢ, ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ (ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜ ɪɭɞɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ KCN, ɗȾɌȺ (NH4OH ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧɚ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬɚ, ɚɪɝɟɧɬɢɬɚ, ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ, ɯɪɢɡɨɤɨɥɥɵ, ɤɭɩɪɢɬɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɬɢɨɥɨɜ). ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɢɨɥɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɨɥɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ-ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɬɢɨɥɨɜ – ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ, ɧɚɦɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ (0,05 Ɇ) ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ. ɍɧɢɬɢɨɥ (2,3-ɞɢɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ) CH2 (SH) – CH (SH) CH2SO3Na, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ȿ.Ɇ. ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧɵɦ [16], ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɫ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ, ɪɟɞɤɢɯ, ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɟɞɢ, ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢ, ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ, ɪɚɜɧɚ ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ 1,4·1020 , ɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (II) – 3,5·10-8. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɚɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɶ- ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɛɟɡ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɞɶ ɢɡ ɦɚɥɚɯɢɬɚ, ɚɬɚɤɚɦɢɬɚ, ɩɚɪɚɬɚɤɚɦɢɬɚ, ɷɥɢɬɚ, ɤɭɩɪɢɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬ, ɤɨɜɟɥɥɢɧ, ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɭɠɟ ɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɩɢɪɢɬ, ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ ɪɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɶ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ, ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɦɟɞɶ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ: CH2 – SH CH2 – S – S – CH2 ʜ ʜ ʜ 2CH – SH + O2 ĺ CH – S – S – CH + 2H2O ʜ ʜ ʜ CH2SO3Na CH2SO-3 CH2SO-3 Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɟ ɫ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɢɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɚ. ɗɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɞɢ, ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ, ɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɭɞɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɡ, ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɢɨɥɨɜ (ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɢ ɬɢɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɵ) – ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚ, ɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ), ɢ ɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ [15], ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨ- (1.33) ɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ: ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬ ɢ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɯɚɥɶɤɨɡɢɧ, ɛɨɪɧɢɬ, ɤɨɜɟɥɥɢɧ, ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɶ, ɬɟɧɨɪɢɬ, ɤɭɩɪɢɬ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ, ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢ-ɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. ɂɡ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ; ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ [12, 15]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɧɢɡɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɟ ɪɭɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ, ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ɋɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɥɸɦɢɧɨɮɨɪɨɜ, ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ, ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ: ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ, ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪ. [1-11]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɯ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ɗɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɞɢ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ) ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɡ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɚɯɢɬɚ ɢ ɚɡɭɪɢɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɺɧɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ. ɇɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɚɛɵɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ Ɉ – Ɉ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ (D0) ɞɥɹ Ɉ Ɉ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 493,7 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ. ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥ (ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ) ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ, ɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɚɧɨɞɚ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɢɪɢɬ – ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɦɟɞɢ ɜɨ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɩɢɪɢɬ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦ ɦɟɞɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɚɧɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɢɪɢɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɯɟɦɨɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ [12, 15]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɚɯɢɬ ɢ ɚɡɭɪɢɬ, ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ (ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ) ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (10-4 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ), ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɯɨɬɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɧɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ [12, 15]. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɠɟ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɭɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ [3]. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ «ɩɨɥɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ-ɩɨɥɢɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ» ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɂ.ɉ. ɉɥɚɤɫɢɧ [3] ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ – ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɢ) ɧɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɚ. ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɭɸ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ. ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ (ɯɟɦɨɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ), ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɫɟɪɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɵ (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ S/M) ɢ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ- ɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɵɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɷɤɜɢɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ [12]. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [3] ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɚ ɧɟ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ: MeS + 2H2O ĺ Me (OH)2 + H2SĹ. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɪɹɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɟɥɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ [4-8]. Ɋɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ [5]: MeS + 2H+ ĺ Me2+ + H2SĹ (1.1) ɉɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɟɞɤɢɯ ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ: MeS + 2OH- ĺ HMeO-2 + HSɄɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ. Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɢɨɧɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɬɶɫɹ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ. ɋɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ- (1.2) ɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ -2 ɞɨ +6, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɪɮɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɟɪɚ, ɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɨɧɚɬɵ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬ- ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ-ɢɨɧɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɪɵ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɂɟɥɢɤɦɚɧɚ [9]. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ: S2- ĺ S2O22- ĺ S2O2-3 ĺ S2O2-4 ĺ S2O2-5 ĺ S2O2-6 ĺ S2O2-7 ĺ SO2-4 . ,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ (1.3) Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ɉɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɂ.ȿ. Ⱥɧɞɟɪɫɟɧɚ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ [5]: ȼ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ S2- ɢɞɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ pH ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɵ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. 1. Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ: PbS + 1/2 O2 ĺ O / \ Pb – S (1.4) Ƚɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ: Ɉ / \ Pb – S + H2O ĺ Pb – S ʜ ʜ OH OH 2. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ: OH OH ʜ ʜ Pb – S + 3OH- + 0,5O2 ĺ HPbO2 + SO2-4 +4H+ Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ- _________K1,4e-__________________ ʜ K2, 2eK3, 2eĻ O2 K4 H2O2 2H2O Ĺ______________Ĺ ɜɤɢɫɥɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ (1.5) (1.6) ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ: ________K1, 4e-_________ ʜ K2, 2eĻ O2 HO-2 + OH- - 4OHĹ -----------ĺ 3OH- K3, 2eɜɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɚɧɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ: Me ĺ 2e- ĺ Me2+ + S0. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪ: ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɬɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨ- ɛɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ (ɞɵɪɨɱɧɨɣ) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɂɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫ- ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ; ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɟ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɇ.ɇ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɵɦ, [10] ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɰɟɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚ Ɉ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ R – O – O -. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɨɬɨɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɤɫɚɧɬɨɝɟɧɚɬ ɧɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɤɫɚɧɬɨɝɟɧɚɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɯɟɦɨɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ, ɞɵɪɨɱɧɚɹ) ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. [3] Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ [12, 15]. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ) ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤ- ɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. Ʌɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɬ ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɵɦ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ɉɪɹɦɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ Ɉ2 (D0=493,7 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ) ɢ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. Ʉɚɠɭɳɚɹɫɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚ. ɉɚɪɚɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɧɟɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɭ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ Ɉ-2, Ɉ2-2, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɚɞɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ Ɉ- ɢ Ɉ ɢɥɢ Ɉ ɢ Ɉ2-. Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ. Ⱥ. Ȼɟɪɤɚ, ə. Ɂɵɤɚ [3] ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɢɨɧɚ: 2Ɉɇ- - 2Ɲ ĺ Ɉɚɞɫ + ɇ2Ɉ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɂ.ɇ. ɉɥɚɤɫɢɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ I (1.7) ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ [3]: Ɇɟn+ + O2 ĺ Ɇɟn+ (O2) ĺ Men+2 (O2-2) ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ I ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ, ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ II – ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɮɚɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, (1.8) ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɫ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [12] Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɨɱɤɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɋ.ɂ. Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (lgKɤɚɬ – DH2) ɨɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ «ɦɟɬɚɥɥ – ɫɟɪɚ» (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1). ,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (lgKɤɚɬ) ɨɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ «ɦɟɬɚɥɥ – ɫɟɪɚ» (DH2) ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɢ ɩɢɪɢɬɚ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ȿɤɚɬ = 83,7 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ; ȿɤɚɬ = 67,0 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ). Ȼɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ: Re2S7 + O2 ĺ Re2S7 (O2)ɚɞɫ (1.9) Re2S7 (O2)ɚɞɫ + O2 ĺ Re2S7 (2O2)ɚɞɫ (1.10) .............................................................. Re2S7 (13O2) + O2 ĺ (Re2S7…4O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ (1.11) (Re2S7…14O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ĺ (Re2S7…28O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ (1.12) (Re2S7…28O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ĺ 16Ɉɇ- ĺ 2ReO-4 + 7SO2-4 + 8H2O Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ) ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɚ ɪɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ Re (VII), ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɚɧɢɨɧɧɭɸ – ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬ (1.13) ReO-4. ȼ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɟ ɪɟɧɢɹ (ReS2) ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɢɬɟ (MoS2) ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ Re ɢ Mo, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɞɨ ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɚɬɚ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ReS2 + O2 ĺ ReS2 (O2)ɚɞɫ ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ (1.14) ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ Ʉ1 ReS2 (O2)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ2 Ʉ2 Ʉ2 Re (2O2)ɚɞɫ RH(2O2)ɚɞɫ ĺ (ReS2…O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. (ReS2…2O2)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. ĺ (ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. (ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. + 4Ɉɇ- ĺ ReO-4 + S2O2-2 + 2H2O (1.15) (1.16) (1.17) (1.18) S2O2-2 + 1/2 O2 ĺ S2O2-3 (1.19) S2O2-3 + 1/2 O2 ĺ 2SO2-3 (1.20) 2SO2-3 + 2Ɉɇ- + 1/2 Ɉ2 ĺ 2SO2-4 + 2H2O (1.21) ɗɬɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɜɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫ Ɉɇ-, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɪɟɧɢɹ – ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɚɦɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ, ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɚɦɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ. ɗɬɨ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ 1·10-5 - 1·10-4 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɦɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ Ɉɇ- ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ Ɉɇɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɚ, ɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬ. ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ-ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: Re2S7 + O ĺ Re2S7 (O) ɚɞɫ (1.22) Re2S7 (O) ɚɞɫ + O ĺ Re2S7 (2O) ɚɞɫ ......................................................... (1.23) Re2S7 (55O) ɚɞɫ + O ĺ (Re2S7 · 56O) ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. (1.24) (Re2S7 …56O) ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. + 16Ɉɇ- ĺ 2ReO-4 + 36ɇ2Ɉ (1.25) Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ: ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ S2O2-2, S2O2-3, S2O2-4, S2O2-5, S2O2-6, S2O2-7, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɇɈ-2, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɇɈ- ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɇɈ-2ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɤɢ 18Ɉ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ Ɉ2 [12]. ,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ. ȼɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɯɢɦɢɡɦɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ) ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2) ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ; ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ. Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (ɜ ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ): 1-0,0016; 2-0,032; 3-0,08; 4-0,16 ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɄɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ 0,1 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɉɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ: ReS2 + O ĺ ReS2 (O)ɚɞɫ ReS2 (O)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ ĺ ReS2 (2O)ɚɞɫ Ʉ1 ReS2 (2O)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ ReS2 (3O)ɚɞɫ Ʉ2 ReS2 (3O)ɚɞɫ + Ɉ (ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. (ReS2…4O)ɚɤɬɢɜ.ɤɨɦɩɥ. + 4Ɉɇ- ĺ ReO-4 + S2O2-2 +2H2O S2O2-2 + 1/2 Ɉ2 ĺ S2O2-3 ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɄɚɡɇɍɋɟɪɢɹɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹʋ (1.26) (1.27) (1.28) (1.29) (1.30) (1.31) ɏɄɈɫɩɚɧɨɜ S2O2-3 + 2O2 + 2Ɉɇ- ĺ 2SO2-4 + H2O ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɩɬɚɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɗɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ «ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɟ», ɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɍɎ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ (1.32) ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3). ɂɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɩɪɢ Ȝ=206 ɧɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ – ɩɟɪɪɟɧɚɬ-ɢɨɧɨɜ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɬɪɟɯ ɮɚɡ – ɝɚɡ, ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɟɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɝɚɡ – ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɫ ɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. 1–ReS2–NaOH + H2O2; 2– Re2S7–NaOH + O2; 3 – ReS2–KClO3 + HCl–ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ; 4, 5 – ReS2+KClO3 + HCl; 6– Re2S7 ·KClO3 + HCl–ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ; 7, 8 – Re2S7–KClO3 + HCl–ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹ; Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ± ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ȼɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦɢ ɦɟɞɢ, ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɜɢɫɦɭɬɚ, ɫɭɪɶɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ɇɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɢɫɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ – ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ,661.D]18%XOOHWLQ&KHPLFDOVHULHVʋ Ɋɨɥɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ) ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɭ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɷɤɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɭ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ). Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1 ȼɨɝɚɧ Ⱦ., Ʉɪɟɣɝ Ⱦɠ. ɏɢɦɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ: ɩɟɪ. ɫ ɚɧɝɥ. / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɂ.ə. ɇɟɤɪɚɫɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1984. – 573 ɫ. 2 Ɉɝɨɪɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɘ.ɂ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ.ɂ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɥɶɤɨɝɟɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. – Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1983. – 176 ɫ. 3 ɉɥɚɤɫɢɧ ɂ.ɉ., Ⱥɧɮɢɦɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɫɚɧɬɨɝɟɧɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɂȽȾ Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ. – 1954. – ʋ1. – ɋ. 225. 4 ɉɨɥɚɤ Ʌ.ɋ., Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɋ. ɋɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1983. – 283 ɫ. 5 Anderson I.E., Halpern I., Samis C.S Kinetics of oxidation of Galena in Sodium Hydroxide solutions under Oxygen Pressure // AIME Transactions. – 1953. – Vol. 197. – P. 554. 6 Nishihara G.S. The rate of reduction of acidity of descending waters by certain ore and gangue minerals and its bearing upon secondary sulphide enrichment // Economic Geology. – 1914. – Vol. 9. – P. 643-757. 7 Noddak W., Wrabet K., Herbst W.// Electrochemie. – 1955. – Vol. 59. – Is. 7-8. – Ɋ. 752-755. 8 Sato M. Oxidation of sulfide ore bodies; II, Oxidation mechanisms of sulfide minerals at 25 degrees C // Economic Geology. – 1960. – Vol. 55. – P. 1202-1231. 9 Ɂɟɥɢɤɦɚɧ Ⱥ.ɇ., ȼɨɥɶɞɦɚɧ Ƚ.Ɇ., Ȼɟɥɹɜɫɤɚɹ Ɇ.ȼ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ, 1975. 10 ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ ɇ.ɇ. Ɉ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ, 1958. – 686 ɫ. 11 Majima H., Peters E. AIME Transactions. – 1966. – Vol.3236, Is.10. – Ɋ.1403-1413. 12 Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɏ.Ʉ. Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ. Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1993. – 175 ɫ. 13 Ospanov Kh.K. Physical and Chemical foundations for selective dissolution of minerals. London: Flint River, 2004. – 175 p. 14 Ospanov Kh.K. Theory of controlling. A physico-chemical process taking place at the interface solid-liquid. London: Flint River, 2004. – 130 ɪ. 15 Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɏ.Ʉ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ «ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ» ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɣ): ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2012. 367 ɫ. 16 ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ ȿ.Ɇ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɢɬɢɨɥɨɜ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚɦ. – ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, 1958. – ɋ.20-24. 17 Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜ ɏ.Ʉ., Ɉɫɩɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ʉ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚ ɢ ɭɧɢɬɢɨɥɚɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ. – Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ: Ԕɚɡɚԕ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿ, 2002. – ɋ. 326. 18 Ʉɪɟɦɟɪ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1981. – ɋ. 91. 5HIHUHQFHV 1 Vaughan DJ, Craig JR (1978) Mineral chemistry of metal sulfides. – Cambridge University Press. 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