I, 13 13 , . , 0.005 . . - . , . . , , . , , . . , . , ( ), ). ( - , . , , , , – . , . : = 0 i + RTlnxi pi0 = = 0 i + RT lnpi0 + RTlnxi = = * i + RTlnxi * i + RTlnxi (13.1)) (13.2) 1 www.fptl.ru I, * i = 0 i 13 + RT lnpi0 . pi = Kixi * : i * i (13.3) 0 = i 0 + RT ln , (13.4) i , - , G : = RT(n1 lnx1 +n2lnx2 )= RTn(x1 lnx1 +x2 lnx2 ) S = - Rn(x1 lnx1 +x2 lnx2 ) (13.5) (13.6) , - . . , . , . , - , . , - , , . , , , . , , . 2 www.fptl.ru I, i 13 i , , . , , , - . – . ), . . , . . – . . . , , . – . , - . , , . , , . , . 3 www.fptl.ru I, 13 . , , - , . i . , : i i = 0 i + RTlnaxi (13.7) axi . « » (13.7) - . , - . , . 0 - i . : * i 0 = i + RTlnpi* (13.8) pi* - . : ** i : (13.9) . = 0 i + RTlnpi (13.9) (13.8) : 4 www.fptl.ru I, ** i ** i = * - i * i 13 = RTlnpi - RTlnpi* (13.10) + RTln(pi/pi*) (13.11) (13.7). , - : pi ai ......(13.12) p i* , . pi , x i p i* .......(13.13) , - . . , . , . , , . , , ( , - ). (13.12) pi a i p i* .......(13.14) . (13.14) . : i = 0 i + RTlnpi = 0 i + RTlnxip = 0’ i + RTlnxi (13.15) 5 www.fptl.ru I, 13 (13.7). i = 0 i + RTlnaxi (13.16) . - . (13.15) i - = RTln(axi/xi) i , (13.17) , i - . ai = , i xi (13.18) (13.17), . , , . , , . . , , - . , , . . (13.18), , . , - . 6 www.fptl.ru