шпаргалки ветеринарного врача

Vital Signs
Temperature
Awake
Under
Anesthesia
Dog
Cat
Quick Calulcations
Dose in mg = mg/kg X kg of pet
100.5-102.5 F for both
38-39.1 C
Example:
10mg/kg of doxycyline for a 20kg dog
97- 100 F
36.1- 37.7 C
10mg/kg x 20kg =200mg Dose
for both
# of Tabs = mg dose
Pulse
Awake
70-180
120-200
Under
Anesthesia
60-120
110-180
Respiration
Example:
200mg doxycycline dose
200
20-40
Under
Anesthesia
6-20
for both
8-20
10 mg cerenia needed
10 mg/ml cerenia
10mg/ml = 1 ml Cerenia
Fluid Therapy
Dog 60ml/kg/day 2-6ml/kg/hr
Cat 50ml/kg/day 2-3ml/kg/hr
mg/ml
Example:
10mg
Maintenance fluid therapy
100mg/tablet
100 = 2 tabs
# of mls = mg dose
Awake
mg/tab
Red, Silicon
(RTT/R)
Blood Tubes
Serum: silicon improves clot
retraction to separate serum
from cells. For biochemistry
Serum: gel to separate serum
Dog : 132 x BW0.75 ml/day
Yellow top (SST) from cells. Not to be used for
progesterone or therapeutic
drug levels (Pb, digoxin,
theophylline)
kg
Cat :
80 x BW 0.75 ml/day
kg
Bolus: 20ml/kg Dogs
10ml/kg Cats
Deficit: BW x % dehydration
Example:
10kg dog is 5% dehydrated
10 x 0.05 = 0.5 Liters to replace
0.5 L x 1000ml/L= 500 ml deficit
500ml
24 hours = 21 ml/hour
over a day to replace
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Purple Top
Green Top
Whole blood: Na/k/EDTA for
CBC and cytology of body
cavity fluids
Contains heparin for Plasma
for biochemistry
Blue Top
Sodium Citrate for coagulation
panel results
White Top
Contains no additive. Transfer
tube or for urine
Plasma: Is the fraction of fluid
on top of the spun RBC's, WBC's
and platelets. Contains clotting
factors like fibrinogen.
Serum: Is plasma MINUS clotting factors
IRIS Staging
Stage 1
Early
Stage 2
Mild
Stage 3
Moderate
Stage 4
Severe
Dogs
Creat <1.4
SDMA <18
Cats
Creat <1.6
SDMA <18
Creat 1.4-2.8
SDMA 18-35
Creat 1.6-2.8
SDMA 18-25
Creat 2.9-5
SDMA 36-54
Creat 2.9-5
SDMA 26-38
Creat >5.0
SDMA >54
Creat >5.0
SDMA >38
Ideal BP is under 140. Hypertensive: >180
UPC dogs: ideal under 0.2, over 0.5 is high
UPC cats: ideal under 0.2 over 0.4 is high
Elevated BP and/or UPC negatively
impact survival
CPCR QUICK GUIDE
Most common arrest rhythm in people is V fib, so you
shock them. Pulseless electrical activity or asystole is the
most common arrest rhythm in pets (so defibrillation not
commonly used). Starting chest compressions quickly and
using high quality chest compressions to achieve
perfusion (allow for full chest recoil). This influenced
outcome the most in studies.
PEARLS
Low dose epinephrine is now recommended over higher
doses of epinephrine
Shortcut:
Epinephrine (1mg/ml) 0.1ml per 10kg
Naloxone (0.4mg/ml)
1ml per 10kg
Atropine (0.54mg/ml) 1ml per 10 kg
Flumazenil (0.1mg/ml) 1 ml per 10 kg
Any opioid should be reversed w/ naloxone; consider
flumazenil, antisedan
If giving intratracheal route: red rubber to the carina,
dilute in 5-6 ml sterile saline, double the dose and give 2
good breaths
Recommend 2 minute cycles of chest compressions and
breathing. Use epinephrine q 3-5 minutes (every other
cycle)
Best practice to not wet EKG leads in CPR with alcohol in
case you need to defibrillate you won't cause a fire.
Metabolic Disorders : pH and Bicarb
move in the same direction Metabolic Acidosis: The most
Metabolic Acidosis
frequent pH disorder
pH is
Causes: DKA, uremia, lactic acidosis
(ex: hypotension), Ethylene Glycol
poisoning, etc
Bicarb is
Metabolic Alkalosis
pH is
Bicarb is
Metabolic Alkalosis:
Causes: Vomiting up acid,
sequestration of Cl from stomach
torsion, furosemide ,mineralocorticoid
Resp Disorders: pH and Bicarb
move in opposing directions
Respiratory Acidosis
pH is
Bicarb is
Respiratory Alkalosis
pH is
Bicarb is
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Respiratory acidosis :
Causes: Hypoventilation caused by
airway obstruction, Breathing center
depression (drugs), restriction of
breathing
pneumothorax, effusion,
diaphragmatic hernia, etc.
Respiratory alkalosis : The least
frequent pH disorder
Causes: hyperventilation due to
hypoxemia, pain, pulmonary edema,
pneumonia, embolism etc.
Blood Gas Normals
Canine
pH
P02
pC02
HC03
BE
Lactate
i Ca
Venous
7.35-7.45
30-42
40-50
20-24
-4-4
<2-2.5
1.8-1.37
Feline
pH
P02
pC02
HC03
BE
Lactate
iCa
Venous
7.3-+/- 0.08
38.6-/- 11
41.8 +/-9
19.4 +/k4
-5.7 +/- 5
<2-2.8
1.07-1.47