Grammar 2013/2014 In-class ADJECTIVE or ADVERB? Adjectives describe nouns. They normally go before nouns: She is a pretty girl. They also go alone (without nouns) after certain verbs denoting: state be seem appear keep remain senses look sound smell taste feel change of state become get grow go turn Note: these verbs are linking verbs, not action verbs. Compare: linking verb + adjective Mike looked angry. The medicine tasted awful. The man appeared (to be) drunk. action verb + adverb He looked carefully at the signature. Emma tasted the drink nervously. A waiter appeared suddenly. Adverbs normally describe verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or whole sentences: Clare dresses expensively. It was really hot in the sun. She drives carefully. They are usually extremely friendly. Adverbs are formed from adjectives + -ly: careful→ carefully, serious →seriously Spelling rules: . adjectives ending in consonant + -у → -ily. cosy → cosily, happy → happily, angry → angrily . adjectives ending in -ic add -ally. drastic → drastically, frantic → frаntiсаllу . adjectives ending in -le drop -le and add -ly. horrible → horribly, terrible → terribly . adjectives ending in -е add -ly. scarce → scarсеlу but: whole → wholly, true → truly . adjectives ending in -ly (friendly, lively) - in а(n) ... way/manner. in а silly таnnеr, etc. Peculiar cases: 1. The ending -ly is the normal adverb ending. But a few adjectives also end in -ly: friendly, lovely, lively, elderly, likely, lonely, silly, ugly, fatherly, motherly, cowardly etc. To form adverbs from them the construction in a … way / manner is used. Ex: She spoke to us in a friendly way. 2. Some adverbs are the same as their adjectives (daily, monthly, early, weekly, monthly, easy, hard, long, low, right, wrong, straight, fast, far, late, last, (a) little, much, better, best, etc.). Ex: I met Mike two years ago last. (adverb) I haven’t seen you since the last meeting. (adjective) The train came ten minutes late. (adverb) I am sorry I am late. (adjective) Newspapers are delivered daily. (adverb) Is it a daily newspaper? (adjective) Grammar Ex. 1 A)2013/2014 Choose In-class the appropriate adverb. 1. He lives quite (nearly/near). 2, You've come too (lately/late). 3. The mechanic examined the damaged car (closely/close). 4. It is (prettily/pretty) difficult to speak to her. 5. We have seen very little of you (lately/late). 6. She is always (prettily/pretty) dressed. 7. He (nearly/ near) caught the ball. 8.1 used to work (hardly/hard) to get everything I have got now. 9. His suggestion seemed (highly/high) improbable to us, 10. Her house stood (closely/close) to the river. 11 The wind was blowing so (hardly/hard) that I could (hardly/hard) walk. 12. The actress (justly/just) deserved the prize. 13. The plane flew (highly/high), we could (hardly/hard) see it. 14. (Shortly/ Short) after graduating I moved to the capital. 15.1 could see the house door which was (widely/wide) open. B) Choose the appropriate word. 1. In spite of the coming danger he remained (calm/ calmly). 2. Though the dish smelt (good/well), he refused to eat saying he was not hungry. 3. She looked at me (angry/angrily) and told me to leave the room. 4. She spends a lot of money on her clothes but always looks (cheap/cheaply). 5. You look really (happy/happily). Does this mean you got the job? 6. His cough sounds (terrible/terribly). He should see a doctor. 7. Be (quiet/quietly)! Stop talking, behave yourselves. 8. The situation looks (bad/badly). We must do something. 9. He seemed to me a bit (strange/strangely) today. 10. The fish tastes (awful/awfully). I won't eat it. 11. He looked (good/well) in his new suit. 12. They got married and lived (happy/happily) for 10 years. Ex.2 Translate the Russian fragments into English choosing between adverbs and adjectives. Vicky is telling Rachel about a dream she had: “I had a (странный) dream last night. I was in a garden. It was getting (темно), and it was (ужасно) cold. My head was aching (сильно - bad / badly). I was walking out of the garden when (внезапно) I saw a man. He was sitting (тихо) on a seat. He seemed very (несчастным). I greeted him (дружелюбно). He looked up and smiled (грустно) at me. I don’t know why, but I felt (любопытно) about him. I wanted to talk to him, but I couldn’t think what to say. I just stood there (глупо).”
