Topic 1. (GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIABILITY AS SCIENCEURL)

THEORY OF RELIABILITY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIABILITY AS A SCIENCE
Ph.D., Assoc., Sharapov DA
St. Petersburg
2018
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIABILITY AS SCIENCE
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The emergence of technology and its wide application in
production processes made the issue of its effectiveness topical.
The efficiency of using machines is associated with their ability
to perform the functions assigned to them continuously and
qualitatively. However, due to breakdowns or malfunctions, the
quality of the machines is reduced, there are forced downtime in
their work, there is a need for repair to restore the performance
and the required technical characteristics of the machines.
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These circumstances led to the emergence of the notion of the
reliability of machines and other technical means. The concept
of reliability is associated with the ability of a technical means to
perform the functions assigned to it for the required time and
with the required quality. From the first steps of the
development of technology, the task was to make the technical
device such that it worked reliably. With the development and
complication of technology, the problem of its reliability became
more complex and developed. To solve it, the development of
the scientific foundations of a new scientific direction - the
science of reliability - was required.
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Reliability characterizes the quality of the technical means.
Quality - a set of properties that determine the suitability of the
product for its intended use and its consumer properties.
Reliability is a complex property of a technical object, which
consists in its ability to perform specified functions, keeping its
basic characteristics within the established limits.
The concept of reliability includes reliability, durability,
maintainability and safety.
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The study of reliability as a qualitative indicator characterizing a
technical device led to the emergence of the science of
"Reliability".
The subject of the study of science is the study of the causes of
object failures, the determination of the regularities to which
they obey, the development of methods for quantitative
measurement of reliability, calculation and testing methods, and
the development of ways and means to improve reliability.
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Distinguish the general theory of reliability and applied reliability
theories.
The general theory of reliability has three components:
1. The mathematical theory of reliability. Defines the
mathematical patterns to which failures and methods of
quantitative measurement of reliability are subject, as well as
engineering calculations of reliability indicators.
2. Statistical theory of reliability. Processing statistical reliability
information. Statistical characteristics of reliability and patterns of
failures.
3. The physical theory of reliability. Study of physical and chemical
processes, physical causes of failures, the effect of aging and
strength of materials on reliability.
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Applied reliability theories are developed in a specific field of
technology in relation to the objects of this field.
For example, there is a theory of the reliability of control systems,
the theory of reliability of electronic devices, the theory of
reliability of machines,
Reliability is related to efficiency (for example, with economic
efficiency) of technology.
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Insufficient reliability of a technical tool has the following effect:
- decrease in productivity due to downtime due to breakdowns;
- a decrease in the quality of the results of the use of the technical
means due to the deterioration of its technical characteristics due
to malfunctions;
- expenses for technical equipment repairs;
- loss of regularity in obtaining the result (for example, reducing
the regularity of transport for vehicles);
- a decrease in the level of safety of the use of the technical
means.
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Reliability is directly related to diagnostics.
Diagnosis - the doctrine of methods and principles of disease recognition and
diagnosis.
Technical diagnostics deals with issues related to the assessment of the actual
state of technical systems.
The task of diagnostics is to identify and prevent the emergence of failures of
technical means in order to increase their overall reliability. The process of
technical diagnostics provides for the presence of a diagnostic object,
diagnostic tools and human operator. During the diagnostics, measurement,
control and logic operations are performed. These operations are performed
by the operator using diagnostic tools to determine the actual state of the
equipment.
The results of the assessment are used to decide on the further use of the
technical means.
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