Ltspice Analysis of Double- Inductor Quadratic Boost Converter in Comparison with Quadratic Boost and Double Cascaded Boost Converter

2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) | 978-1-7281-8595-8/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCCNT51525.2021.9579931
IEEE - 51525
Ltspice Analysis of Double- Inductor Quadratic
Boost Converter in Comparison with Quadratic
Boost and Double Cascaded Boost Converter
Afshin Balal
Farzad Shahabi
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Texas Tech University
910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, USA
[email protected]
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of South Florida
Fowler Avenue, Tampa, USA
[email protected]
Abstract— A step up converter is a main component of
a micro-grid system, is used to increase the system’s
voltage. The use of a standard boost converter in high
gain applications is not a practical technique upper
range of voltage cannot be created and the duty ratio of
the switch has to be higher, resulting in significant losses
as well as poor efficiency. Due to the switch's minimal
off-time, the bigger duty cycle will decrease the
converter's switching frequency. To address this issue,
three boost converter topologies are employed:
quadratic boost (QB), double-inductor quadratic boost
(DIQB), and double cascaded boost (DCB) converter. A
QB and DIQB are the two-stage boost converters with
just one switch. Also, a double cascaded boost (DCB)
converter is a new topology by connecting two standard
boost converters in series. This paper proposes a
comparison of voltage and the efficiency of the above
topologies of boost converters.
above disadvantages, the DIQB and the DCB
converters are much better to increase the voltage
without extending the duty cycle. There is high
demand of high-voltage gain power converters by the
fast development of renewable sources of energy [6,
7]. The needed energy for the loads in the micro-grid
system can be fed by near renewable sources. In a
microgrid system, a bank of batteries is also necessary
to assure the access of energy for the loads. The
topology of a local micro-grid, which includes both ac
and dc loads, is depicted in Fig. 1, [8, 9].
Keywords— Double Cascaded Boost Converter, Doubleinductor Quadratic Boost Converter, Conventional Boost
Converter, Efficiency
I.
INTRODUCTION
There are some DC-DC converter topologies such as
step down, step up, CUK and so on. The output
voltages of buck and boost DC-DC converters are
decreased and increased, respectively, whereas other
converters can do both. A DC-DC converter with the
higher converting range of voltage is needed for many
high gain applications [1-3]. In general, when it is
necessary to increase the voltage, a step up converter
is chosen. But, to increase the voltage, the duty cycle
of the mosfet has to be large, resulting in more losses
and reduction the efficiency. This is obvious that flyback and forward converters are able to solve the
above drawbacks, by using transformers. But the point
is, they cannot be used in power systems because of
the low power ratings [4, 5]. By considering all the
Fig. 1. Topology of a Local Micro-grid
The voltage mismatch between renewable energy
sources and power grid necessitates high step up DCDC converters. Both kinds of DC-DC converters with
transformers or without it can be implemented but due
to increasing of the size and the cost of the
transformer, make the DC-DC converters without
transformer more suitable in this case [10, 11]. In this
paper the comparison of the QB, DIQB, and DCB
converters is studied. Several researches on the design
of quadratic and cascaded converters have recently
been conducted. A New DC-DC Double Boost
Quadratic Converter was examined in [12], which
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demonstrates the suggested converter's high static gain
and low voltage switching. Also, [13] looked at a
transformer-less Double Quadratic Boost that can be
used as a high step-up converter in numerous
industries. The recommended converter in [14] looked
at a high-gain Cascade Boost Converter by uses a softswitching strategy to improve efficiency. For nonisolated Interleaved Double Dual Boost Converters,
the paper [15] proposes a robust LQR control
approach based on LMIs. As a result, the suggested
controller has a more predictable dynamic behavior.
The study [16] Analysis and Design of Quadratic
Boost, which can provide substantial gains at low duty
ratios, was used.
II.
BOOST CONVERTERS IN HIGH GAIN
APPLICATIONS
To increase the voltage of the renewable sources of
energy to higher needed voltage, a step-up converter is
used to enhance the voltage to the suitable voltage [1719].
A. Conventional boost converters
In Fig. 1, the circuit of conventional topology for the
boost converter is shown.
Fig. 3. Two modes of the Boost Converter
In the on-state mode, when switch is on, the inductor
is charged by the DC input voltage, which lead to the
increase of the inductor current. On the other hand, in
the off-state mode of operation, switch off, the stored
energy in inductor will go through the capacitor
through the diode. The relationship between the duty
cycle, inductor value, and the capacitor value are as
follows:
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
1
=
(1)
𝑉𝑖𝑛
1−𝐷
𝐷𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑆
𝐿=
(2)
∆𝐼𝐿
𝐷𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑠
𝐶=
(3)
∆𝑉𝑐 𝑅
1
𝑓𝑠 =
(4)
𝑇𝑠
Where Vin is the input voltage, 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 is the output
𝑓𝑠 is the switching frequency, ∆𝐼𝐿 is the output ripple
current, and ∆𝑉𝑐 is the output ripple voltage.
B. Double cascaded boost (DCB) converters
Implementing two conventional boost converters in
series leads to new topology known as double
cascaded boost converter which is shown in Fig. 4.
DCB has an input voltage source, two independent
mosfets, diodes, capacitors, and two inductors L1 and
L2 [20]- [21].
Fig. 2. The topology of the Boost Converter
As it is shown in Fig. 2, the boost converter has two
structure modes of operation.
Fig. 4. The Topology for the Double Cascade Boost Converter
As it is shown in Fig. 4, Double Cascade Boost
Converter has two structure modes of operation.
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this problem can be solved by utilizing DIQB
converter which it will be designed and illustrated in
the next section.
III.
Fig. 5. Two modes of the Double Cascade Boost Converter
In the mode 1, when the first switch is on, second
switch remains off, the current through inductor L1 is
increasing by the input voltage source and stores the
energy. In the mode 2, when the second switch is on,
S1 is off, the output of the first part is now the input of
the second part, the inductor L2 will be charged
through the DC voltage from the first part, and stores
the energy [22]. The equations can be seen below:
1
1
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
=
(1 − 𝐷1 ) (1 − 𝐷2 )
𝑉𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝑠 =
𝐿1 =
𝐿2 =
𝐶1 =
𝐶2 =
1
𝑓𝑠
(6)
(7)
𝐷1 𝑉𝑎 𝑇𝑆
∆𝑉𝑐1 𝑅
(9)
𝐷2 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑆
∆𝑉𝑐2 𝑅
The QB and DIQB converters shown in Fig. 6 and 7,
are the two stage boost converters with just one switch.
This topology has two inductors and two capacitors.
The input voltage of the QB converter is the same with
DIQB [23, 24]. By implementing double inductor
quadratic, the voltage will be increased about 30%
more.
(5)
𝐷1 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑆
∆𝐼𝐿1
𝐷2 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑆
∆𝐼𝐿2
DOUBLE INDUCTOR QUARATIC
BOOST (DIQB) CONVERTER
Fig. 6. The topology of Quadratic Boost Converter
(8)
(10)
Where D1 is the duty cycle for the first boost, D2 is
the duty cycle for the second boost, L1 is the inductor
value of the first inductor, L2 is the inductor value of
the second inductor, C1 is the capacitor value of the
first capacitor, C2 is the capacitor value of the second
capacitor, and 𝑉𝑎 is the output voltage for the first
boost converter. However, the problem with the above
topologies is that they cannot produce a suitable higher
voltage, which is needed for high gain application. So,
Fig. 7. The topology of Double Inductor Quadratic Boost
Converter
As it is shown in Fig. 8, Quadratic Boost Converter has
two structure modes of operation.
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(a)
Fig. 8. Two modes of the QB
In the mode 1, the current of inductor L3 and L4 are
increasing by DC voltage source and store the energy.
In the mode 2, the energy of inductors L3 and L4,
feeds the capacitor. The relationship between the duty
cycle, inductors value, and the capacitors value are as
follows [25]:
1
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
=
(1 − 𝐷)2
𝑉𝑖𝑛
𝐿1 =
𝐿2 =
𝐷𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑆
∆𝐼𝐿1
𝐷𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑆
∆𝐼𝐿2
𝐶1,2 =
IV.
𝐷𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑆
(1 − 𝐷)∆𝑉𝑐 𝑅
(11)
(b)
(12)
(13)
(14)
SIMULATION AND RESULTS
The DCB, QB, and DIQB converters are analyzed by
Ltspice. The circuit parameters for all the topologies
are the same. Fig. 9, indicates the output current and
voltages of the three topologies.
(c)
Fig. 9. Output currents and voltages of three topologies; (a) double
cascaded boost converter, (b) quadratic boost converter, (c) double
inductor quadratic boost converter
As it shown in Fig. 9, the voltage of the DIQB
converter is 114 volts which is 30% higher than the
output voltage of both cascaded and quadratic
converters.
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Fig. 10. Inductor currents of the QB topology
Fig. 10, indicates the current of L1 and L2 of the QB,
in which IL1 is 3.35 A and IL2 is 1.67 A.
conversion range. Moreover, a coupled inductor was
adopted to quadratic boost for further increase in the
double inductor quadratic boost converter. The steady
state analysis by Ltspice indicated that the double
inductor quadratic boost topology, voltage gain is
higher than the quadratic and cascaded boost converter
and this increased gain was achieved without
increasing the switch stress. As a result, we can claim
that all the three proposed converters can be a suitable
choice for the high voltage gain ratio application. In
addition, the efficiency analysis shows that the best
topology is the double cascaded boost converter. A
double inductor quadratic boost converter with a
higher efficiency can be the future research. However,
the operation with a single switch such as the double
inductor quadratic boost converter is very attractive
because of the high gain voltage even though its
efficiency can be a little less.
REFERENCES
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Fig. 11. Switch voltage stress of the DIQB topology
In Fig. 11, the stress on the switch of DIQB has been
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[2]
[3]
[4]
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝑃𝑖𝑛
(15)
[5]
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Table 1
Efficiency of different converters with the same circuit parameters
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CONCLUSION
In this paper, a comparison of three topologies of
DC/DC converter is presented. Compared to
conventional boost topology, double cascaded and
quadratic boost converter offer significantly wider
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