IEEE-2018CONFPUB-1

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Performance Improvement of Slot Antenna Using Various Parameters and
Band Pass Filter
Conference Paper · December 2018
DOI: 10.1109/ICCSDET.2018.8821207
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s. Kannadhasan
Nagarajan Ramalingam
Study World College of Engineering
Gnanamani College of Technology
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Performance Improvement of Slot Antenna Using
Various Parameters and Band Pass Filter
S. Kannadhasan
Department of Information and Communication Engineering
AnnaUniversity
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
kannadhasan.ece@gmail.com
Abstract— Slot antenna using a first and second order band
pass frequency selective surface of a substrate with enhancement
of gain is presented in this paper. The in-phase transmission of
waves radiated from the antenna over a 3dB bandwidth of about
60% is allowed in each layer by the proposed antenna. This
design facilitates an enhancement of up to 4dB bandwidth over
entire frequency of 6GHz and 12GHz. The insertion loss
between the two transmission poles along side a linearly
decreasing transmission section over the band is low provided by
the structure.
Keywords— Slot, Frequency selective, Gain and Band Pass
Filter
I. INTRODUCTION
Ultrawide band antenna is being widely used and the
greatest interest of the researchers for its increasing
demands of high data transmission and integration etc., [1].
These antennas are applicable in ground penetrating radar
(GPR) medical imaging, and multimedia communication,
[2]. These antennas radiate each direction orthogonal to the
divergent plane, [3] - [5]. The improved gain within the
broadside direction aspect in conjunction with beside at the
side of together with reduced side lobe levels finding its
application microwave radar and mm wave systems are
provided by the directional radiation from the antenna [6] [7]. It is a difficult job for the sweetening of gain or radial
asymmetry if these antennas in a very specific direction
over a good band of frequencies.
Ultra wideband (UWB) remote correspondence
permits high rate information transmissions with low power
level have set out extraordinary research interests for remote
interchanges applications in the 3.1GHz to10.6 GHz
frequency band. Elite UWB receiving require both great
impedance coordinating and low flag contortion inside the
relative recurrence groups, [8] - [10]. Microstrip antenna are
generally utilized in remote and cell versatile
correspondence frameworks as a result of their benefits,
similar to smallness, light weight and simplicity of
manufacture and LPDAs likewise have a sensible gain with
a huge transfer speed. Microstrip antenna can be nourished
by an assortment of strategies. These techniques can be
characterized into two classes reaching and non-reaching. In
the reaching technique, the RF control is bolstered
specifically to the transmitting patch utilizing an interfacing
component, for example, a microstrip line, [11] - [13]. In
the non-reaching strategy, electromagnetic field coupling is
done to exchange control between the microstrip line and
the emanating patch.
978-1-5386-0576-9/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
R. Nagarajan
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Gnanamani College of Technology
Namakkal, Tamilnau, India
Krnaga71@yahoo.com
There are four most prominent procedure utilized here
they are i) Microstrip line ii) Coaxial line iii) Opening
coupling iv) Vicinity Coupling. Microstrip antenna has
emanating component on one side of a dielectric substrate
and along these lines might be sustained by any of this four
method. Co-ordinating is normally required between the fed
line and the receiving wire input impedances [14].
Radiation and transmission line modes created on
the ESPA are depicted and an equal circuit is gotten from
the modular hypothesis [15]. The proportional circuit
portrayed in detail to accomplish wideband and multiband
attributes. For wideband ESPAs, the hypothetical most
extreme transmission capacity is determined under VSWR
rule [16]. ESPA demonstrates double band qualities with the
most extreme return misfortune estimation of -21.4dB and 24.9dB at 1.73GHz and 2.40GHz separately. Wide data
transfer capacity can be accomplished for the planned
reception apparatus by picking a thick supporting substrate
between the slot and the ground plane [17].
II. SLOT ANTENNA
The rapid development of wireless communication
technology has increased the demand for compact
microstrip antennas with high gain and wideband operating
frequencies. Microstrip patch antennas are very
advantageous because of their low cost, low profile, light
weight and simple realization process. However, the general
microstrip patch antennas have some disadvantages such as
narrow bandwidth. Enhancement of the performance to
meet the demanding bandwidth is necessary. There are
numerous and well-known methods to increase the
bandwidth of antennas, including increase of the substrate
thickness, the use of a low dielectric substrate, slotted patch
antenna, the use of various impedance matching and feeding
techniques.
=
2
(1)
(
)/ )
Where Co – speed of light in free space (3x108 m/s)
fr- desired resonating frequency
Er- relative permittivity of substrate
(Er= 4.4 forFR4)
Thickness of substrate hs =1.2mm
A= 0.35+0.525=0.875
(2)
(3)
4
4
Design of a small strip line fed slot antenna,
wherever a square formed slot was chosen within the
ground structure with a selected angle of rotation. These
types of slot have excited two shut resonant frequencies
resulting in a good information measure the bandwidth. A
slot antenna within the frequency band of 1GHz and a pair
of 2GHz is intended for the aim of gain enhancement over
the complete in operation and therefore the slot length is
employed to see the primary resonating frequency.
∅=
2 ∆
∅=
1
=
2
TABLE 1: ANALYSIS OF SUBSTRATE LAYER
(6)
These slots radiate sort of a 0.5 half wave dipole
whose length is half the wave length cherishes the
resonating frequency. The slot size is chosen as half of the
guided wavelength corresponding for exciting the first
resonance near 1.6GHz and is given in following equation.
=
(7)
1
=
=
2
(8)
√
(9)
4
1
+
=
−
−
−
(10)
(11)
The above equation gives a slot length of 12 mm.
The slot has been rotated at an angle of 450 to achieve the
2nd resonance near 2GHz. The slot antenna is used to
justified and analysis is simple to design the rectangle with
some coordinates like 1, 2, 3 and 4 is below the equation to
find the radius and velocity with respect to frequency is
Shown in Fig.1.
=
−
2
R = μN
(0)
180
4πa
3
Radius=0.2 Velocity=9.2
Frequency= 2.0 GHz then 8.858-j0.7471
(12)
(13)
3
Fig.1. Slot Parameters
(5)
=
=
2
(4)
∆
3
Sl.No
Parameters
1
S1=1.3
2
S2=0.9
3
S3=0.4
4
R1=0.2
5
R2=0.4
6
R3=0.6
7
S1=0.6
8
S2=1.3
9
S3=0.7
10
R1=0.9
11
R2=0.2
12
R3=0.7
Value of A
0.35
0.525
Gain enhancement of the substrate layer for the
proposed slot antenna is shown in Table. 1. The dimensions
of each and every slot antennas corresponding to the
resonating frequency are much smaller than the wavelength
due to the non resonant nature. The layer grid of the slot
based on the middle layer with the width of Slot W.
=(
=(
=(
=(
=(
=(
−
−
−
−
−
−
)
)
)
)
)
)
A=
1
(S -R )-(S -R )
2
(14)
Based on the periodicities of the every slot width
of the each layer are same in x and y direction. The first and
third slot patch type layer are modeled as parallel
capacitors Cs and Cs , where the slot of the aperture with the
middle layer is modeled as a parallel inductor L2 due to
non- resonant in nature. The dielectric substrate with the
height of hu and hL due to the transmission line of
impedances 20 / Er1 and 20 / Er2 respectively where Er1, Er2
is dielectric constants of substrate 20 Ω -377Ω is the free
space impedance. The equivalent circuit model with a series
inductor and shunt capacitor represents the transmission line
sections.
III. DESIGN OF SLOT ANTENNA
H- Field
Here are the different parameters for Butterworth
filter response for the first and second order coupled
resonator filter as shown in Table. 2.
TABLE 2: PARAMETERS OF BUTTERWORTH FILTER RESPONSE
Frequency
Cs (pF)
Cs (pF)
L2(nH)
1.81
3.858
6.545
2.590
2.4
3.760
5.250
2.972
3.5
2.490
5.800
1.150
(
L2
L3
L4
Cs
L5
Cs
Cs
A1
−
∅
)∅ = (
(21)
−
)∅ −
(22)
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The L1 and L2 inductors for TEM transmission line
can be calculated. The values of capacitors Cs and Cs of
capacitive layers can be obtained from Fig.2.
L1
=
A2
Fig.2. Equivalent Circuit of the Proposed Work
The prototype of the slot antenna each and every
dimension of the overall structure by using the sub structure
below the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency
of operation an order of 0.12 λo is the unit cell dimensions
and the 0.02 λo is shown in Fig.3 (a) & (b). In the ground
planar of antenna the dimension of the slot is 0.2 λo. The
height H is 12 mm and small variation between 6 mm and
12mm but it initially kept at λo /2 /λo corresponding to the
1st resonating frequency. A radiation from H-plane offers an
average difference of about 20dB. E-plane radiation this
difference is about 30dB between cross polar components.
The proposed slot along with band pass through
constructive interference efficiently enhance gain of the
antenna in broadside direction of radiation over the entire
frequency band is shown in Fig.4. Simulated reflection
coefficients of the antenna are shown in Fig.5 for different
value of H.
The center frequency of Butterworth filters for
desired response of layer at the frequency band 1GHz2GHz. The linear variation of the transmission poles for
both the zero phases is varied with frequency in between
which is clear from the phase verses frequency plot.
=
∅
=
∅
+
=
+(
−
√
√2
)∅ = 0
(15)
Order 7
(16)
Order 5
Order 3
3rd line
=
(
−
−ℎ
(17)
)
=
Fig. 3
(a) Butterworth Filter with Different Order
(18)
(19)
The various slot antennas due to the insertion loss
of less than 1dB by using the both of the transmission poles
and each and every slot near the center frequency is given in
the pass band. The conventional microwave substrate based
on the higher loss tangent 0.02 using FR4 substrate. With
respect to the center frequency the 3dB transmission and
reflection band width of band pass FSS is around 60%.
E- Field
=
∅
(20)
Fig.3 (b). Butterworth of the Designed Band Pass Order
S11
S12
-3dB
Fig.4. S-Parameters of the Slot Antenna
0
R e fle c tio n C o e ff ic ie n t ( d B )
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
0
2
4
6
Frequency / GHz
8
10
12
Fig.5. Reflection Coefficient of Antenna with Different Height
V. CONCLUSION
A wide slot antenna based on the selective
frequency by using a first and second-order band pass
frequency selective surface has been studied and
demonstrate successfully due to the non-resonant nature of
patch and gird type substrate layers, the structure of the slot
is very low profile. This slot design also allows a variation
of gap between the antenna and Substrate by around 4mm
without significant degradation in its performance. The
substrate layer and slot antenna has a gap white is used to
the reduced for the purpose of further miniaturization.
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