МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ Международная академия управления права, финансов и бизнеса Методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов заочного обучения (электронный вариант) составители: секция английского языка Бишкек 2014 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Базовый английский язык. Методическое пособие по английскому языку предназначено для студентов заочного отделения. Он содержит фонетический, грамматический и лексический материалы, тексты, слова к текстам, инновационные методы работы над текстом (кластер, синквейн, даймонд), а также обучающие, контрольно-самообучающие и аттестационные задания. Грамматический материал дан сжато, но обхватывает полный курс английского языка. Речевые темы (тексты) предполагают научить студентов читать, переводить текст, задавать вопросы и отвечать на них. Цели пособия: 1. Выработка правильных фонетических навыков. 2. Овладение базовой английской грамматикой. 3. Развитие навыков диалогической речи и выработка навыков монологической речи. 4. Пополнение словарного запаса и его применение в бытовой и официальной сферах. Задачи пособия: 1. Оказать помощь студентам в овладении правильным и беглым чтением английских текстов, предусмотренных программой. 2. Обучить студентов грамматическим навыкам, особенностям литературного произношения. 3. Способствовать умению передавать содержание и помогать формулировать понимание основного смысла текста. 4. Оказать помощь в овладении интонацией и ритмом, присущими английскому языку. The first term Unit 1 1. Обучающие задания a) To be Глагол «to be» - вспомогательный глагол, который выражает значение «быть, находиться». Спряжение глагола «to be» Число Утвердительная форма Ед.ч I am. You are. He (she, it) is. We (you, they) are. Мн.ч Ед.ч Мн.ч I (he, she, it) was. You were. We (you, they) were. Ед.ч I shall be. You (she, he, it) will be. Мн.ч We shall be. You (they) will be. Вопросительная форма Настоящее время (Present Indefinite) Am I? Are You? Is he (she, it)? Are we (you, they)? Прошедшее время (Past Indefinite) Was I (he, she, it)? Were you? Were we (you, yhey)? Будущее время (Future Indefinite) Shall I be? Will you (he, she, it) be? Shall we be? Will you (they) be? Отрицательная форма I am not. You are not. He (she, it) is not. We (you, they) are not. I (he, she, it) was not. You were not. We (you, they) were not. I shall not be. You (he, she, it) will not be. We shall not be. You (they) will not be. b) To have Глагол «to have» самостоятельный глагол, который выражает значение «иметь, владеть, обладать». Формы глагола «to have» Число Утвердительная форма Ед.ч Мн.ч I have. You have. He (she, it) has. We (you, they) have. Ед.ч I (you, he, she, it) had. Мн.ч We (you, they) had. Вопросительная форма Настоящее время (Present Indefinite) Have I? Have You? Has he (she, it)? Have we (you, they)? Прошедшее время (Past Indefinite) Had I (you, he, she, it)? Had we (you, they)? Отрицательная форма I have not. You have not. He (she, it) has not. We (you, they) have not. I (you, he, she, it) had not. We (you, they) had not. c) Pronouns Personal pronouns- личные местоимения используются в 2 падежах: Именительный падеж (подлежащее) Объектный падеж (дополнение) Possessive pronouns – притяжательные местоимения, которые служат определением к существительному и всегда пишутся перед существительным. Если возникает необходимость употребить притяжательное местоимение без существительного, то используют абсолютную форму. Число Ед.ч Мн.ч Личные местоимения Именит. Объектный падеж падеж I я Me мне You ты You тебе He он Him ему She она Her ей It оно it ему/ей We мы Us нам You вы You вам They они Them им Притяжательные местоимения Абсолютная форма My Your His Her its Our Your Their Mine Yours His Hers its Ours Yours Theirs мой твой его ее его/ее наш ваш их свой свой свой свой свой свой свой свой Demonstrative Pronouns - указательные местоимения. Ед. ч This – этот, это, эта That – тот, та, те Мн. ч These - эти Those - те This – это местоимение, обозначающее предмет, находящийся рядом, That – на значительном расстоянии. d) Formula of Diamond Noun (1) Adjective (2) Verb (3) Sentence (1) Antonym spring green nice to come in to be over to be spring is a nice season autumn e) Formula of Thinkway Noun (1) Adjective (2) Verb (3) Sentence (1) Synonym a businessman clever smart to sign, to reduce, to discuss our businessmen discuss the contract a man Контрольно-самообучающие задания a) To be Task: Put in is, was, will be 1. The weather … very nice yesterday 2. London … the capital of Great Britian. 3. I … at work at 9 o’clock AM. b) To have Task: Put in has, hasn’t, had, hadn’t. 1. + She … a lot of work to do. - … ? … 2. + They … a cold yesterday. -… ?… c) Pronouns Task: Переведите на английский язык: 1. 2. 3. 4. Я хочу эти книги. Пожалуйста, дайте их мне. Я знаю ее, но не могу вспомнить ее имя. Те игрушки ее. Дайте их ей. Моя подруга приглашает меня остановиться в ее доме. d) Text Seasons There are four seasons in a year. They are winter, spring, summer and autumn. December, January and February are the winter months The weather is cold, usually it snows. The days are short and the nights are long. The rivers and lakes freeze and we can go skating and skiing. March, April and May are the spring months. It is a very nice season. The weather is fine, it is warm. There are many green trees in the streets in the parks and in the yards. Sometimes it rains but usually the sun shines brightly. The birds return from the hot countries and build their nests. June, July and August are the summer months. It is hot or warm. The days are long and the nights are short. There are many nice flowers in the parks and squares in the summer. The pupils do not go to school, they have summer holidays. June is the first month of summer. We have the longest day and the shortest night in the year on the 21st-22nd of June. July is the middle month of summer. It is hot and sun shines brightly. The sky is blue and cloudless. August is the last summer month sometimes it is cold in August, but there are many mushrooms, berries and fruits. September, October and November are autumn months. The weather is changeable. It often rains. You can see yellow, red, brown leaves everywhere. It is time to gather the harvest. Vocabulary 1. Seasons – времена года 2. Weather - погода 3. Cold - холодно 4. Frosty - морозно 5. Sunny - солнечно 6. Snowy - снежно 7. It rains – идет дождь 8. It snows – идет снег 9. Time - время 10. Hockey - хокей 11. Air - воздух 12. Fresh - свежесть 13. Swimming - плавание 14. Tennis - теннис 15. Volleyball - воллейбол 16. Other - другой Phonetic and grammar tasks on the text: 1. Read, translate and retell the text 2. Conjugate the verb to be in Present Indefinite Tense 3. Form the comparison of following adjectives: - Dark, cold, sunny, good, bad, little 4. Work on Diamond 3. Аттестационные задания a) The Verb “to be” Choose the right answer. 1. I and my brother … good tennis players. a) are b) is c) am d) be 2. My shoes … very dirty. a) is b) are c) am d) to be 3. My relatives … angry with me. a) are b) is c) to be d) am 4. How old … your grandmother? a) is b) are c) am 5. What color … your brother’s car? a) to be b) am c) is d) are 6. Why … you always late? a) am b) is c) are d) to be 7. It … time to have a break. a) am b) are c) is d) 0 8. That … good news! a) is b) are c) am d) be 9. This castle … one thousand years old. a) to be b) are c) is d) am 10. Rome … in Spain. a) are b) aren’t c) is d) isn’t 11. My little brother … afraid of dogs. a) am not b) aren’t c) are d) is 12. It … warm today, because the temperature is 5-10˚ below zero. a) isn’t b) are c) is d) aren’t 13. Motor-racing … dangerous sport. a) am b) isn’t c) are d) is 14. Diamonds … cheap. a) aren’t b) are c) is d) isn’t 15. … health is above … wealth. a) A, a b) The, the c) 0, 0 d) A, an 16. You … full of hopes, I think. a) is b) am c) are d) be 17. My sister’s son … handsome. a) are b) am c) is d) to be 18. Her eyes … blue and large. a) am b) is c) are d) isn’t 19. The students … ready to write the test. a) are b) is c) am 20. The scarf in the practical gift. a) are b) is c) am b) The Verb “to have (to have got)” Choose the right answer. 1. I ... got a motor – bike but I … a car. a) have, haven’t b) has, hasn’t c) have, has 2. She … hot water in her new house. a) have b) haven’t c) has 3. … you got any money? No, I … . a) has, hasn’t b) have, hasn’t c) have, haven’t 4. It’s a nice house but it … got a garden. a) has b) hasn’t c) haven’t 5. I … anything in my bag. It’s empty. a) haven’t b) have c) hasn’t 6. What kind of car … your son? a) have b) has c) haven’t 7. My husband … got black hair. a) has b) have c) haven’t 8. My little daughter … got a passport. She is only 14. a) have b) has c) hasn’t 9. They don’t like animals. They … dogs. a) have got b) haven’t got c) hasn’t 10. Everybody likes Mars. He … a lot of friends. a) has b) have c) hasn’t 11. My neighbor … got a car. He goes every where by bicycle. a) haven’t b) has c) hasn’t 12. I can’t open the door because I … got a key. a) haven’t b) hasn’t c) have 13. Please, hurry! She … got much time. a) haven’t b) has c) hasn’t 14. It’s a nice town. It … a shopping centre. a) has b) have c) hasn’t 15. I want to go on holiday but I … any money. a) have b) haven’t c) hasn’t 16. My friend isn’t well today. She … a bad cold. a) have b) hasn’t c) has 17. An insect … six legs. a) has b) have c) hasn’t 18. Mr. and Mrs. Jonson … two children. a) has b) hasn’t c) have 19. How much money … you got? I … some money. a) have, have b) has, has c) have, haven’t 20. This student doesn’t feel very well. He … got a headache. a) have b) has c) hasn’t c) Possessive Pronouns Put in the right article. 1. I know Mr. Smith but I don’t know … wife. a) her b) his c) my 2. She is married. … husband is a banker. a) her b) his c) our 3. It’s very cold. Put on … coat when you go out. a) her b) his c) your 4. My brother plays football too but … favorite sport is tennis. a) my b) his c) her 5. I saw your friend but don’t remember … name. a) his b) their c) our 6. Thank you for … help, Lena. a) our b) your c) my 7. We’re staying at a very nice hotel. … room is very comfortable. a) his b) our c) its 8. My friends live in Moscow but … son lives in London. a) their b) his c) her 9. I am a teacher and I like … job. a) his b) their c) my 10. We are going to invite all … friends to the party. a) our b) their c) her 11. John is a financier but … sister is a nurse. a) her b) our c) his 12. The company has offices in many places but … head office is in London. a) its b) his c) her 13. I often see that woman but don’t know … name. a) his b) their c) her 14. Ann gave the money to your mother and she put it in … bag. a) his b) it’s c) her 15. Does her son likes … job? a) his b) its c) their 16. I go to the bathroom to wash … hands. a) this b) my c) our 17. This man put … hand into his pocket. a) our b) their c) his 18. My husband took out … wallet and paid for the provisions. a) his b) her c) their 19. I have some roses in … garden too. a) their b) my c) her 20. This house is high. … windows are large. a) its b) his c) her Unit 2 1. Обучающие задания a) Indefinite pronouns Неопределенные местоимения “some, any, no” образуют ряд производных, вторым компонентом которых служат “body, one, thing, where” . Производные со вторым компонентом “thing” употребляются, когда речь идет о вещах, с компонентом “body” “one”, когда речь идет о людях, с “where” , когда речь идет о месте. + - - Somebody Something Somewhere Someone (что-то) (где-то) (кто-то) Anybody Anything Anywhere Anyone (что-то) (где-то) (кто-то) Все слова с “no” в предложениях с одним отрицанием Nobody Nothing Nowhere No one (ничто) (нигде) (никто) b) The construction “there is”, “there are” Данный оборот указывает на наличие какого-либо лица или предмета в определенном месте. Переводится с обстоятельства места. Предложение с оборотом “there is”, “there are” строятся следующим образом: Singular There is plural There are + Sing. Pl. There is a newspaper on the table. There are some newspapers on the table. Подлежащим Обстоятельством места - ? There isn’t a newspaper on the table. There are not any newspapers on the table. Is there a newspaper on the table? Are there any newspapers on the table? В прошедшем времени группы “indefinite” употребляются “there was”, “there were” + Sing. Pl. - There was a pen here. There were books here. ? There wasn’t a pen here. There were not books here. Was there a pen here? Were there books here? c) Degress of comparison Положительная степень Сравнительная степень Превосходная степень односложные strong сильный stronger сильнее the strongest самый сильный Многосложные difficult трудный more difficult более трудный the most difficult самый трудный исключения good bad many little хороший плохой много маленький better worse more less лучше хуже больше меньше the best the worst the most the least самый лучший самый плохой самый большой самый маленький Formula of classter care of (заботиться о ком-то) off after (снимать одежду) (походить на коголибо) take for (принимать за коголибо) down (снимать с высокой местности) 2. Контрольно-самообучающие задания. а) Choose the right answer 1) There is … in the room. (someone, anyone, nowhere) 2) Is there … in the room? (something, someone, anybody) 3) There isn’t … in the room. (nobody, anybody, somebody) b) Put in there is, there are, there was, there were 1) 2) 3) 4) … … my friend in the room. … … some shareholders at the presentation party yesterday. … … many young people in exhibition. … … a pen here, but I don’t see it. c) Translate 1) 2) 3) 4) Февраль самый короткий месяц в году. Сегодня погода лучше чем вчера. Этот спортсмен сильнее чем тот. Русский язык сложнее чем английский. d) Text The Main cities of India. There are many big cities in India. They are Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay and others. Delhi is the capital of the country. It is a large cultural, political and trade Centre of India. There are many beautiful historical buildings, monuments and interesting museum there. Delhi is a nice and green city. There are beautiful parks, squares and wide streets in the city. Calcutta is larger than Delhi and there is an underground there. It is a big industrial Centre of India. There are many plants, banks and offices there. Many streets of Calcutta are narrow and dirty. Calcutta is not a very green city. Bombay is a large city too. There are many modern buildings, institutes and a university in Bombay. There are some new and some old districts in Bombay. The new districts are cleaner than the old ones. But there are many interesting monuments in the old districts. They are in the Centre of the city. Vocabulary оther – другие cultural – культурный political – политический trade – торговый narrow – узкий underground – метро district – район wide – широкий Phonetic and grammar tasks on the text 1) Reading Translating Retelling the text 2) Difference between there is, there are 3) Form the comparison of adjectives: cultural, narrow, bad, little 4) Work on classter India India is a large country in Asia. The area of India is 2.94 million square kilometers. The population of India is about 800 million people. The climate of India is tropical but it is different in different parts of the country. The north - western and the Centre parts of the country are colder and drier than the eastern part. There are more rainy days in the east of the country. The winter season is from October to April. In winter the weather is rather dry and pleasant. January is cooler than the other months of the year. The summer season is from May to September. Summer is a rainy season. July is a very hot month. The temperature is about 35 - 45 degrees above zero. It is a humid and unpleasant month. The climate is quite different in the high mountains where winters are severe, snowy and frosty. In the area between the mountains the climate is rather mild. There are two long rivers in India - the Ganges and the Ind. The Ind is not so long as the Ganges. India is a very nice country. There are many places of interest in India so there are always many tourists from different countries of the world there. Vocabulary: Area – площадь, square – квадратный, population – население, tropical – тропический, north – север,west – запад, mountain – гора, river – река, tourist – турист, different – разный, severe – суровый. Phonetic and grammar tasks on the text 1) Reading Translating Retelling the text 2) Form the comparison of adjectives: different, good, severe, many 3) Conjugate the verb “to be” in Past Simple 4) Work on classter 3. Аттестационные задания (tests) Unit 3 1. Обучающие задания а) Present Simple (Настоящее простое время) Действие происходит все время (all the time), или в любое время (at any time) + I work You work She/He/It works ? Do you work? Do you work? Does She/He/It work? I don’t work You don’t work She/He/It doesn’t work We work You work They work Do we work? Do you work? Do they work? We don’t work You don’t work They don’t work b) Past Simple (Прошедшее простое время) Употребляется для выражения обычного повторяющегося прошедшего действия. + ? - I worked You worked She/He/It worked Did I work? Did You work? Did She/He/It work? I didn’t work You didn’t work She/He/It didn’t work We worked You worked They worked Did we work? Did You work? Did they work? We didn’t work You didn’t work They didn’t work d) Future Simple (Будущее простое время) Употребляется для выражения отдельного события или нескольких действий в будущем времени. + I will (shall) work You will work She/He/In will work ? Will (shall) I work? Will You work? Will She/He/It work? I will (shall) not work You will not work She/He/It will not work We will (shall) work You will work They will work Will (shall) we work? Will You work? Will they work? We will (shall) not work You will not work They will not work c) Formula of Thinkway Noun (1) Adjective (2) Verb (3) Sentence (1) Antonym mother polite kind takes care off, cooks, works my mother is polite woman 2. Контрольно-самообучающие задания а) Write interrogative and negative sentences + ? I usually read newspapers My daughter speaks English well Our friends live in London - + I translated this article My sister went to work by car They played the piano well ? - + We will send the cable to the firm Our manager will discuss the price My friends will spend their holydays at the seaside ? - Text Travelling on business. Boris Petrov is an engineer of a Russian-foreign trade organization. He often goes on business to different European, Asian and African countries. His organization does business with lots of foreign firms. Last month he was in Great Britain. He went there to sign a contract for the purchase of some equipment. The talks were very difficult. Petrov and the British businessmen discussed prices, terms of delivery, terms of shipment and other business matters. The supplier agreed to reduce the price. During his trip Petrov visited different plants where he saw the equipment in operation. He also attended a 3-day conference on industrial investment policy and financial management and met with consultants from law firms. Boris was lucky with the weather. It was warm and it didn’t rain. He was pleased with the trip. Vocabulary purchase – покупка to agree – соглашаться to attend a conference – участовать в концеренции financial management – финансовый менеджмент law firm – юридиская фирма to be pleased with – быть довольным чем-либо to reduce – снижать Phonetic and grammar tasks on the text 1) 2) 3) 4) Reading Translating Retelling the text Put general, alternative special questions Conjugate the following verbs in Past Simple: to go, to be, to visit Work on Thinkway Learning foreign languages. Russia has political, business, trade, economic and cultural relations with many countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. A lot of tourists and businessmen come to our country and a lot of Russian people go abroad. We have good relations with developing countries. We help them to build plants, factories, schools, stadiums, hospitals, radio- and TV-stations, etc. Many young people come to Russia to study at our institutes and universities. Russian scientists cooperate with foreign scientists. Russian participates in international exhibition abroad and arranges similar exhibition in our country. Exhibition help to improve our relations with different countries. More and more people in our country learn foreign languages. Many people learn to read books, newspapers and magazines in foreign languages in order to know more about the life and people of other countries. Vocabulary learning – изучение to build – строить young people – молодежь international – международный in order to – для того чтобы developing – развивающийся scientist – ученый to participate – участвовать to improve – улучшать Phonetic and grammar tasks on the text 1) Reading Translating Retelling the text 2) Conjugate the following verbs in Present Simple: to cooperate, to participate, to help 3) Form the Pluralform of following nouns: newspaper, exhibition, child, man 4) Work on Thinkway 3. Аттестационные задания (tests) Unit 4 1. Обучающие задания а) Reflexive pronounce Местоимения, оканчивающиеся на –self (-selves – во мн.ч.) называются возвратными. Возвратное местоимение должно быть по форме соотнесено с подлежащим, т.е. действие направлено на лицо которое его выполняет. I – myself You – yourself He – himself She – herself We – ourselves You – yourselves They - themselves На русский язык они переводятся возратно-глагольным суффиксом –ся-, -сьили местоимением себя (себе/собой/сам) Example: My brother washed himself (Мой брат умылся) b) Plural form of nouns Множественное число исчисляемых существительных образуется при помощи суффикса –s a bridge – bridges a girl – girls a window – windows Следующие существительные образуют форму множественного числа не по общему правилу. Исключения Единственное число Множественное число child children man men woman women wife wives potato potatoes mouse mice tooth teeth foot feet leaf leaves Неисчесляемые существительные имеют только форму ед.ч. и согласуются только с глаголами в ед.ч. Example: Our progress is great My mother’s hair is blond. Существительные, состоящие из двух частей, употребляются тольво в форме мн. ч. Example: trousers – брюки braces – подтяжки scissors – ножницы c) Modal verbs (can, must, may) Глаголы, выращающие возможность, вероятность и необходимость совершения действия, называются модальными. Они не изменяются по лицам и числам. Инфинитив смыслового глагола следует за модальным глаголом без частицы «to». Can – могу, умею, можно Must – должен, нужно, надо May – могу, мне разрешено can I can do this work. Can I do this work? I can’t do this work. Must All of us must read this book. Must all of us read this book? All of us mustn’t read this work. may I may go out. May I go out? I may not go out. e) Formula of classter after (заботиться) for (искать) look black (хмуриться) on (наблюдать) at (смотреть) 2. Контрольно-самообучающие задания а) Translate from Russian into English Мои друзья рассказывали о себе. Эта женщина может позаботиться о себе сама. Translate from English into Russian His grandmother lives himself. Don’t go out by yourself. b) Translate На улице было много народу. Деньги лежат на столе. Эти брюки в моде. Бизнесмены обсуждают сроки отгрузки. с) Complete these sentences. Use can, must, may. My daughter got the job because she … speak too languages. I think you … take care of this dog. I have some time so I … visit the Pushkin Art Museum today. 3. Аттестационные задания а) Plural form of nouns b) Modal verbs: can, must, may. Text Spending a weekend I usually work hard all the week. When my office hours are over I'm very tired and I hurry home. As a rule I have a lot of work to do about the house too. But when the weekend come I try to enjoy it as much as I can. I'm fond of music, I like ballets and operas. So when I have an opportunity I go to the Bolshoy Opera House. I lucky because I've got a ticket for the Saturday performance at the Bolshoy. Verdi's "Aida" will be on. I'm sure I'll enjoy the music and the singing. I am looking forward to the performance on Saturday. On Sunday I am going to the Pushkin Art Museum. There is an exhibition of famous French paintings there. Vocabulary to have an opportunity – иметь возможность singing – пение to look forward – ждать с нетерпением famous – знаменитый painting – картина usually – обычно hard – усердно to enjoy – наслаждаться performance – спектакль Phonetic and grammar tasks on the text 1) Reading Translating Retelling the text 2) Make up sentences with this words: to be lucky, to be fond of, to be tired, to be sure. 3) Write interrogative and negative sentences a. My son enjoys the music b. c. a. We look forward this performance b. c. 4) Work on classter Text London London is situated on the Thames River. The Thames is very beautiful. It plays an important role in the country's life. When a person comes to London for the first time in his life he will get different impressions of the city. He will believe that the city is too large and overcrowded. But of course he will like it. Everybody enjoys London's places of interest: museums, world famous galleries, theatres, Hyde Park, the City, Big Ben, the Tower of London and other. The Tower of London is a very old building. It is more than 900 years old. English kings lived in it many years ago, but now it is a museum. People who come to London like to go to the Tower. Most Londoners do not work on Sundays, they are fond of going to different parks in London is Hyde Park. People have their meetings is Hyde Park and Trafalgar Square. Trafalgar Square is the geographical Centre of London. In the north of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery, an art gallery in which there are many wonderful pictures of English artists. There are many old buildings in London. The City is the business Centre of London. There are a lot of offices and banks in the City. It is a very busy place in daytime but when the office - hours are over, almost all the people, about a million, who come to work in the City, leave for home. Vocabulary to get on impression – получить впечатление noisy – шумный places of interest – достопримечательности artist – художник the Thames – Темза to be over – заканчиваться to have the meeting – встречаться seaside – побережье gallery – галерея Phonetic and grammar tasks on the text 1) Reading Translating Retelling the text 2) Form the Comparison of following adjectives: fine, beautiful, bad, little, much, wonderful. 3) Conjugate the verbs in Future Simple: to live, to work, to enjoy. 4) Work on Classter 4. Аттестационные задания
