Municipalities - homeowners in Russia for toulousa

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Municipalities – Homeowners
in Russia
Prof. Yelena Shomina
State University –Higher School of
Economics
[email protected]
Key figures
Total volume of the housing stock in the R F
– 3117 mln. m2
About 73 % is in urban areas
About 27 % is in rural areas
• Average dwelling space per inhabitant 22,4
m²
• About 100 mln. m² - dilapidated housing
stock –(3% of total )
3
• Number of families, registered for
municipal flat is 2 864 400 families
• Families, improved their housing
conditions in 2009, of all registered
–5%
• Municipal housing stock and
municipalities as homeowners or landlords
are comparatively new phenomena in
Russia.
The modern tendencies in housing field
• municipalisation of state housing stock
• privatization of the state and municipal
housing stock
• deterioration of housing stock and other
municipal buildings as a result of
inadequate finance of its maintenance
The last 20 years main
tendencies
• shift from paternalistic to market
housing policy
• Municipalisation – transfer of
company-housing stock (both
industrial and agricultural ) to
municipalities (usually old and in
bad conditions)
Privatization
• of housing stock –transfer of
municipal housing stock to the
sitting tenants free of charge started in Russia in 1991 and
will be finished by March 1,
2013
Grouth of municipal housing stock,
mln. m2
1990 91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
611 629 630 664 732 738 827 854 861
Results of privatisation,
municipal housing stock, S, mln m2
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
807 739 680 643 626 586 487 437 412 388
Privatisation of municipal
housing stock
1990
1995
2000
2005
S. Ths. of
sq.m
53
12479
17351
23668
%
02
36
47
61
2009
85
Municipal housing stock, mln. m²
Housing stock, mln.m²,
municipal, state, private
Municipal main spheres of
responsibilities in housing field
• Housing construction and
housing supply for special
groups
• Maintenance and management
of existing municipal housing
stock
15
Key figures -2
• The waiting list for improving living
conditions comprises 4427.7 households or
8.7% of the total number .
• Over the last year 230 th. or 5.2% of the
waitlisted households improved their living
conditions.
• Evident, that if the current tendency is
maintained to satisfy the waiting list families
will require about 20 years.
16
Key figures -2
• The waiting list for improving living
conditions comprises 4427.7 households or
8.7% of the total number .
• Over the last year 230 th. or 5.2% of the
waitlisted households improved their living
conditions.
• if the current tendency is maintained to
satisfy the waiting list families will require
about 20 years.
17
• We do not have adequate and
affordable municipal housing stock
• Social rental housing – new idea
• Existing municipal housing stock is in
bad condition
• “Normal” municipal housing stock is
disappearing as a result of
privatization
18
• У муниципалитетов большое поле
ответственности в жилищной сфере
• В России практически не было
муниципальной жилищной политики
At the beginning of 90-s
• Deteriorating economic conditions in
Russia caused a massive, "one-time"
transfer of company housing to
municipalities,
• municipalities became the key
homeowners in Russia,
• but usually without adequate financing for
maintenance of their housing stock.
Municipalities were not ready to maintain
these old houses and did not hurry to take
Изменение задач муниципалитетов
• Обеспечение муниципальным жильем
всех
• Забота о повышении качества
муниципального жилья
• Забота только об «особых группах
• жителей»
• Тесное взаимодействие с социальной
сферой
Municipal houses, Moscow
Demolition of municipal housing
stock in Moscow, 2000-2010
New municipal houses for multichildren families
Typical new house
Municipal housing Stock, regional
dimensions, % of all housing Stock
• Federal Okrug
• Central
• North-west
South
• Privolzhsky
• Urals
• Siberian
• Far East
S th. m2,2009
123268
64653
29519
114252
46052
130209
37183
% -07
12,5
15,4
6,0
15,4
15,4
14,7
22,6
Municipal housing S in mln.м² and %
In Russian federation 541872- 100%
• In urban municipalities 481978 89 %
• In rural municipalities
59894 – 11%
Источник: Федеральная служба государственной статистики за2009
г, см.www.gks.ru
Municipal Housing Stock in different regions
mln m²
•
•
•
•
•
•
Novosibirsk region –67,727
Moscow region
–39,
Tatarstan
– 25,
Sverdlovskaya
– 19,
Leningradskaya
18
Bashkiria,Tulskaya,
Arkhangelskaya,Nizegorodskaya, Samarskaya,
Irkutskaya, Krasnoyarskiy, Khabarovskiy –
10 -12 .
N of families, waiting for
municipal flat
• Russia – total -2 864 400 families
Municipsl housing Sock in Rural
municipalities
• S total about 60 mln m².
• Novosibirsk region –about 4mln. m²
• Krasnoyarsk region – about 2 mln. m²
Municipal housing stock in different cities –
expert evaluation
•
•
•
•
•
Lipetsk 43000 m², about 25%
Smolents - about 40%
Ribinsk - 39 %
Novosibirsk 6567700 m² - 26.6 %.
Pokachi (UGRA)
90 %
City with all housing stock is
municipal
Покачи, ХМАО, 17 тыс.жителей
Housing problems of municipalities
•
•
•
•
Municipalities do not have enough flats
The quality of municipal housing stock is rather
low
Up to 80% of all municipal flats could be
considered as the dilapidated housing stock
Municipalities have no own money for major
repairing works
State Repairing Fund provided some money for
repairing works under very serious conditions
Municipal problems in the housing field
• Municipalities have no money for new housing
construction
• Not enough capacities for provision of electricity
or water
• Anti-social behavior and vandalism of residents
Зачем муниципалитету свое жилье?
• Это его собственность, его имущество
• Возможность предоставления жилья
социально-незащищенным семьям и
ключевым работникам
• Чем выше доля муниципального жилья
в многоквартирном доме – тем легче
создавать «ручные ТСЖ»
Block 4. Housing Reforms - Shift from
paternalistic to market housing policy
• Transfer of responsibilities for personal
housing conditions from the state to
citizens
• Support only “vulnerable” groups of
population
• Privatization of the housing stock and
creation of housing market
37
Социальные квартиросъемщики в
России
• Ими могут быть только малоимущие
граждане
• Они признаются таковыми органом местного
самоуправления
• «с учетом дохода, приходящегося на каждого
члена семьи, и
стоимости имущества,
находящегося в собственности членов семьи и
подлежащего налогообложению»
• В некоторых городах для этих категорий
малоимущих жителей стали переделывать
общежития
Почему люди не
приватизируют жилье?
•
•
•
•
Нежелание «возиться с приватизацией»
Нет особой нужды
Нет времени
плохое качество муниципального жилья
– «нечего приватизировать»
Почему люди не
приватизируют квартиры
• Семейные
конфликты
и
отсутствие
договоренности относительно будущих прав
собственности
• Пожилые
люди
боятся,
что
приватизированная квартира станет для когото привлекательной, и они просто окажутся
на улице
• Пожилые и иные социально-незащищенные
люди полагают, что если они останутся в
статусе
нанимателей,
то
государство
поможет им с содержанием жилищ и
расходами на коммунальные платежи
Наниматели в ТСЖ
• От них пора избавиться!
• Надо заставить приватизировать
квартиры!
• Опыт Томска!
РАНЖ
• Создана Российская Ассоциация
нанимателей жилья
• www.ranj.ru
• [email protected]
• Тел./факс: +7 (4852) 726533, 731108
Housing protests, Russia, Yaroslavl, 2006
Our housing situation is like ”a rope around our necks”
44
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