Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ, ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ

ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ, ɬɨɦ 7, ʋ3, 2004 ɝ.
ɫɬɪ.503-508
Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ
ɢ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ, ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɋ.ɂ. Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. Ɇɢɯɧɸɤ, Ʌ.ɂ. Ɍɢɦɚɤɨɜɚ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɆȽɌɍ, ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ.
Abstract. The paper contains the analysis of the influence of such important factor as the sea water salinity on
the morphology of trout rearing in the conditions of artificial reproduction. The authors have compared the
properties of sea and freshwater trout of the same age. The positive influence of the sea water salinity on the
morphology of trout has been shown.
1. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɥɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ (ȼɨɪɨɛɶɟɜɚ, 1999).
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɷɜɪɢɝɚɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɛɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɟɥɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɚɬɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ. ɇɟ ɨɛɨɲɥɨ
ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
100 ɬɵɫ. ɦ2 ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɨɫɨɫɟɜɵɯ ɦɚɪɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ.
Ɉɩɵɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɟɥɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɶɟ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 20 ɥɟɬ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ 200-250 ɬ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ,
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ,
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɥɚ ɛɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ
ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ (Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ, 2002).
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:
– ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɚ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ;
– ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɵ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ;
– ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ.
2. Ɋɚɞɭɠɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
2.1. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɵɛɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ
ɂɡ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ
ɞɥɹ ɚɤɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɟɚɥɚ, ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɚɤɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɵ, ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚ ɪɵɛɨɪɚɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɤɚɤ
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ (ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɥɨɫɨɫɟɜɵɯ
ɪɵɛ), ɤ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ (ɪɵɛɨɩɢɬɨɦɧɢɤɢ) ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɬɟɦɩ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. ȼ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɟɥɢ (ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɧɟɪɟɫɬ, ɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɥɢ ɤ
ɧɟɣ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɪɵɛɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɦɢɪɚ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 130 ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɵ.
503
Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɋ.ɂ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ…
ȼ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɢɥɚ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɮɨɪɟɥɟɣ
(ɪɭɱɶɟɜɭɸ, ɨɡɟɪɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɢ ɞɪ.) (ɇɨɜɨɠɟɧɢɧ, 2002).
2.2. Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɨɫɬ ɪɵɛ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ɍɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɝɭɛɚɯ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ 120140 ɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ. Ɂɚ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1600 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɞɧɟɣ.
ɇɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ
ɝɭɛ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 100 % ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ
ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫ
ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟɣ ɟɣ ɞɥɹ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɞɚ ɢ
ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɬɟɦɩɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɵɛɵ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ (Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ, 2002).
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ
ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ 12 ɞɨ 23 ɩɪɨɦɢɥɥɟ (ɐɭɥɚɞɡɟ, 1990). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɨɥɟɧɚɹ ɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɡɚɠɢɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɜɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɝɧɢɥɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɪɵɛ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɫɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ.
ȼ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ "Ȼɢɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɢ
Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɣ", ɢɡɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɵɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɨɤɟɚɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ɇ. Ʉɧɢɩɨɜɢɱɚ ɜ 2002 ɝ., ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ
ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɟɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ (Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ, 2002).
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɚɯ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɭɛɚɯ ɉɚɥɤɢɧɚ (1990-1991 ɝɝ.)
ɢ ɑɭɩɚ (1999 ɝ.) Ʉɚɧɞɚɥɚɤɲɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ
ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɜɨɞ Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɗɋ ɧɚ ɪɵɛɨɡɚɜɨɞɟ "ɂɦɚɧɞɪɚ".
ɂɯ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ 98 ɞɨ 350 ɝ ɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ 240 ɝ. Ɋɵɛɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ
ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ 120 ɦ3 ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ 5 ɦ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɨɬ 47 ɞɨ 105 ɫɭɬ., ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ
ɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ (ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɜ 5-15 ɫɭɬ.) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɵɛ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ 50-60 ɪɵɛ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɠɢɜɵɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɬɚɪɟ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɚɞɤɟ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ 5-7 ɩɚɪɬɢɣ ɪɵɛ, ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ
ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɨɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ (ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ, ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ
ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ), ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɵɛɨɡɚɜɨɞɨɦ "ɂɦɚɧɞɪɚ":
W2 = [0,00844 t e0,08(T-17) + W10,19]1/0,19,
(1)
ɝɞɟ W1 – ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɵɛɵ, ɝ; W2 – ɤɨɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɵɛɵ, ɝ; Ɍ – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ, °ɋ; t –
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɭɬ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɉɢɪɫɨɧɚ (F2).
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɡɚɤɭɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ "ɂɦɚɧɞɪɚ", ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ (1), ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1 ɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ
ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɉɂɇɊɈ ɛɵɥɨ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ 14,2 % ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ, 1992).
504
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ, ɬɨɦ 7, ʋ3, 2004 ɝ.
ɫɬɪ.503-508
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ (1) ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɜ ɝɭɛɟ
ɉɚɥɤɢɧɚ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ 1990 ɝ. (Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ, 2002)
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (1) ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (2) ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ
ɜ ɝɭɛɟ ɉɚɥɤɢɧɚ ɜ 1990 ɝ. (Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ, 2002)
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɁȺɈ "Ⱥɪɤɬɢɤ-ɋɚɥɦɨɧ" ɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɢ
ɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɟɥɶ. Ɏɨɪɟɥɶ ɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɧɚ ɪ. Ɍɭɥɨɦɚ, ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ – ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ
ɮɨɪɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɟɪɦ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɭɛɟ ɉɚɥɤɢɧɚ Ʉɚɧɞɚɥɚɤɲɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚ ɪɵɛɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɢɤɪɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɬɨɪ, ɢɡ ɢɤɪɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɥɢɱɢɧɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɚɥɶɤɨɜ (10-15 ɝ). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɦɚɥɶɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɟɪɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ 1,5 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɋɜɟɠɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ (7 ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ) ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ (5
ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ) ɜ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ 2003 ɝ. ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɭ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɆȽɌɍ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
3.
505
Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɋ.ɂ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ…
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɂ.Ɏ. ɉɪɚɜɞɢɧɵɦ (Ɍɢɬɚɪɟɜ, 1980).
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ȼɇɂɊɈ
"Ɍɟɯɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɛɵ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ" (1981).
3.1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɪɵɛɵ
ɋɜɟɠɚɹ ɪɵɛɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ ɫɥɢɡɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ
0,1 ɦɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2):
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ
(Ɍɢɬɚɪɟɜ, 1980).
ab – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɪɵɛɵ; ac – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɨ ɋɦɢɬɬɭ;
ad – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɟɥɚ; af – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɚ;
fd – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɯɜɨɫɬɚ; an – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɪɵɥɚ;
np – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɥɚɡɚ (ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ);
ao – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ; gh – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ;
ik – ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɪɵɛɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
1. ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɲɭɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɵɛɵ;
2. ɫɪɟɡɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɧɧɵɟ, ɝɪɭɞɧɵɟ, ɛɪɸɲɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ;
3. ɨɬɪɟɡɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɜɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɚɜɧɢɤ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɫɪɟɡɨɦ ɧɚ 1 ɫɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ;
4. ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɪɸɲɤɨ ɨɬ ɤɚɥɬɵɱɤɚ ɞɨ ɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɢ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɢɤɪɚ, ɦɨɥɨɤɢ;
5. ɨɬɪɟɡɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɚ ɫɪɟɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɡɚ ɠɚɛɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ;
6. ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɠɚ ɫ ɬɭɲɤɢ ɪɵɛɵ;
7. ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɹɫɨ ɨɬ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɤɢ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɪɵɛɵ,
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ, ɫɭɯɢɟ, ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɬɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ (ɱɚɲɤɢ, ɤɸɜɟɬɵ). ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ, ɬɭɲɤɢ, ɦɹɫɚ, ɤɨɠɢ, ɤɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɥɚɜɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜɫɟɯ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɢ ɝɨɧɚɞ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɵɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɵɛɵ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɪɵɛɵ.
4. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɪɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1 ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɧɚ 1,6 ɫɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ.
Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɩɨ ɋɦɢɬɬɭ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,6 ɫɦ.
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 1,8 ɫɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ.
Ɍɭɥɨɜɢɳɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɧɚ 2,4 ɫɦ.
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɯɜɨɫɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ ɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, 7,0 ɫɦ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɪɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ 0,2 ɫɦ.
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɢ ɭ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ, ɢ ɭ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ.
Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɧɚ 0.8 ɫɦ ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 2,5 ɫɦ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ
ɬɟɥɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɧɚ 0,9 ɫɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ.
506
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ, ɬɨɦ 7, ʋ3, 2004 ɝ.
ɫɬɪ.503-508
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2 ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɧɚ 162 ɝ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ
ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɧɚ 11 ɝ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɭɲɤɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ 120 ɝ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɦɹɫɚ, ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ 90 ɝ, 11 ɝ, 10,7 ɝ.
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɩɥɚɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 3,75 ɝ.
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ 32 ɝ ɬɹɠɟɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɪɵɛɵ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3 ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɥɟ ɬɭɲɤɢ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɭ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ (17 %), ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɥɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɫɟɯ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɭ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ (16 %).
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ.
ɇɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:
– ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ.
– ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɩɨ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ
ɹɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ,
ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɟɥɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɬɟɦɩɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɶɸ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ.
– ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɛɵɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ
ɪɨɫɬ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɥɟɧɚɹ
ɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ
ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ.
5.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ (Parasalmo mykiss) ɩɪɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɚɞɤɚɯ
ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ. ɋɛ. ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ "Ȼɢɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ
Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɢ Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɣ". Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤ, ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɂɇɊɈ, ɫ.172-185, 2002.
Ⱥɥɶɬɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜɚ Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɇɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ. Ɍɟɡ. ɞɨɤɥ. V ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, ɫ.213-214, 1992.
ȼɨɪɨɛɶɟɜɚ ɂ.Ʉ. Ɍɨɜɚɪɧɨɟ ɮɨɪɟɥɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ Ɂɚɩɨɥɹɪɶɟ. ȼ ɫɛ.: Ɂɚɩɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɪɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ: ɋɛ. ɧɚɭɱ.
ɬɪɭɞɨɜ ɉɂɇɊɈ. Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤ, ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɂɇɊɈ, ɫ.57, 1999.
ɇɨɜɨɠɟɧɢɧ ɇ.ɉ. Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ ɫ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ.
Ɋɵɛɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ. ɋɟɪɢɹ: ɉɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɤɜɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ (ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ). ȼɵɩ. 2. Ɇ., ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɵɛɧɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫ.2-13, 2002.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɛɵ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ. ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞ. Ɇ., ȼɇɂɊɈ, 1981.
Ɍɢɬɚɪɟɜ ȿ.Ɏ. Ɏɨɪɟɥɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. Ɇ., ɉɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ-ɫɬɶ, 165 ɫ., 1980.
ɐɭɥɚɞɡɟ ȼ.Ʌ. Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɫɨɫɟɜɵɯ ɪɵɛ. Ɇ., Ⱥɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɢɡɞɚɬ, 156 ɫ., 1990.
507
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ (1) ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ (2) ɜɨɞɟ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ
1
2
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ
ɞɥɢɧɚ
ɬɟɥɚ
ab, ɫɦ
27,1 r 0,5
28,7 r 0,2
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɩɨ
ɋɦɢɬɬɭ
ac, ɫɦ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɬɟɥɚ
ad, ɫɦ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ
ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɚ
af, ɫɦ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ
ɯɜɨɫɬɚ
fd, ɫɦ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɵɥɚ
an, ɫɦ
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɝɥɚɡɚ
np, ɫɦ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ
ɝɨɥɨɜɵ
ao, ɫɦ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ
qh, ɫɦ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ
ik, ɫɦ
26,6 r 0,5
28,2 r 0,2
23,7 r 0,7
25,5 r 0,7
16,6 r 0,4
19,0 r 0,6
7,0 r 0,5
7,0 r 1,3
1,5 r 0,1
1,7 r 0,2
0,89 r 0,02
0,90
4,7 r 0,3
5,5 r 0,4
5,8 r 0,4
8,3 r 0,15
2,6 r 0,2
3,56 r 0,04
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ (1) ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ (2) ɜɨɞɟ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ
1
2
Ɇɚɫɫɚ,
ɝ
Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ
Ɍɭɲɤɚ
Ɇɹɫɨ
Ʉɨɠɚ
192 r 7
354 r 9
32 r 5
43,3 r 1,1
136 r 7
255 r 3
111 r 8
200 r 7
16 r 3
27 r 1,3
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɚ, ɝ
Ʉɨɫɬɢ
ɉɥɚɜɧɢɤɢ
9,8 r 0,4
20,5 r 0,5
3,8 r 0,4
3,7 r 0,15
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɫɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɟɱɟɧɶ
20 r 2
2,4 r 0,3
52 r 5
7,6 r 0,5
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɨɪɟɥɢ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɨɣ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ (1) ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ (2) ɜɨɞɟ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ
1
2
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ,
ɫɦ
Ɇɚɫɫɚ,
ɝ
Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ
Ɍɭɲɤɚ
Ɇɹɫɨ
27,1 r 0,5
28,7 r 0,2
192 r 7
354 r 9
17 r 3
12 r 4
71 r 3
71 r 0,9
58 r 4
57 r 3
ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɥɚ, %
Ʉɨɠɚ
Ʉɨɫɬɢ
ɉɥɚɜɧɢɤɢ
8 r 1,4
7,7 r 0,5
5,1 r 0,3
5,8 r 0,2
1,9 r 0,2
1,06 r 0,06
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɫɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɟɱɟɧɶ
10,6 r 0,7
1,26 r 0,14
15,6 r 1,0
2,2 r 0,4