Карлос Кастанеда Отделенная реальность

DZjehk DZklZg_^ZHl^_e_ggZy j_Zevghklv Dgb]Z \lhjZy Ijh^he`_gb_ [_k_^ k^hghf OmZghf <\_^_gb_ >_kylv e_l gZaZ^ fg_ihkqZkleb\behkv \klj_lblvky \ aZiZ^ghc F_dkbd_ kh^gbf bg^_cp_f baie_f_gb ydbY gZa\Ze _]h ^hg OmZg< bkiZgkdhfyaud_ ^h g wlh h[jZs_gb_ \ujZ`Zxs__ m\Z`_gb_ Fh_ agZdhfkl\hk ^hghfOmZghf khklhyehkvijb ke_^mxsbo h[klhyl_evkl\ZoY kb^_e k ;beehfk\hbf ^jm]hf\ Z\lh[mkghf ^_ih ih]jZgbqgh]h ]hjh^dZ\ Zjbahg_Fu [ueb hq_gv kihdhcgu<h \lhjhciheh\bg_ ^gye_lgyy `ZjZdZaZeZkv aZ ie_qh <hg q_eh\_dh dhlhjhfy l_[_jZkkdZau\ZekdZaZe hg lbobf]hehkhf Hg agZqbl_evgh db\gme\ klhjhgm\oh^ZKlZjbd lhevdh qlh \hr_e \ihf_s_gb_ Qlh lufg_ jZkkdZau\Zeh g_f"kijhkbe y Wlh lhl kZfuc bg^__pdhlhjuc agZ_l h i_chl_ ihfgbrv"y \kihfgbedZd fuk ;beehfdZdlh ijh_a^beb\_kv ^_gv gZ fZrbg_jZaukdb\Zy ^hf wdkp_gljbqgh]h bg^_cpZ dhlhjuc `be \ lhfjZchg_Fu g_gZreb _]h^hfb m f_gy \hagbdeh hsms_gb_qlh bg^_cpudhlhjuo fukijZrb\Zeb hg_f gZf_j_ggh ^Z\ZebgZf g_\_jgh_gZijZ\e_gb_;bee kdZaZeqlh q_eh\_d wlhl[ue ljZ\gbdq_eh\_dkh[bjZxsbc bijh^Zxsbc e_dZjkl\_ggu_ jZkl_gbyb qlh hg hq_gv fgh]h agZ_l h ]Zeexpbgh]_gghf dZdlmk_i_chl_Hg kdZaZelZd`_qlh fg_ klhbeh [u \klj_lblvkyk gbf;bee [uefhbf ]b^hf ih wlbf f_klZf \ lh \j_fydh]^Z ykh[bjZe jZaebqgu_ k\_^_gby h e_dZjkl\_gguo ljZ\Zobkihevam_fuo bg^_cpZfb ;bee ih^gyeky b ih^hr_e d q_eh\_dm iha^hjh\Zlvky Bg^__p [ue kj_^g_]h jhklZ?]h \hehku [ueb k_ûfb b dhjhldbfb b g_fgh]h gZ\bkZeb gZ^ mrZfbih^q_jdb\Zy hdjm]ehklv ]heh\uHg [uehq_gv l_fguf=em[hdb_ fhjsbgugZ ebp_ ijb^Z\Zeb _fm\b^ ]em[hdh]hklZjpZh^gZdh _]h l_eh dZaZehkv[ueh kbevgufb kh[jZggufY kfbgmlm gZ[ex^Ze aZ gbfHg i_j_^\b]Zeky k e_]dhklvxdhlhjmx y kqblZe [u g_\hafh`ghc êyklZjbdZ;bee k^_eZefg_ agZdih^hclb dgbf Hg ohjhrbciZj_gvkdZaZe fg_;beegh yg_ fh]m ihgbfZlv _]h?]h bkiZgkdbcihfh_fmbkdh\_jdZg b ihehg k_evkdbo jZa]h\hjguo\ujZ`_gbc KlZjbd ]eygme gZ;beeZ bmeu[gmeky: ;beedhlhjuc agZe ihbkiZkdb ebrvg_kdhevdh keh\ijhbag_k gZwlhf yaud_ dZdmxlh Z[kmj^gmx njZamHg ihkfhlj_egZ f_gydZd [u kijZrb\Zybf__l ebwlZ njZaZdZdhcgb[m^v kfukegh y g_ agZeqlh hgohl_e kdZaZlvlh]^Z hgkfms_ggh meu[gmeky b hlhr_eKlZjbd \a]eygmegZ f_gyb gZqZekf_ylvkyY h[tykgbe _fmqlh fhc ^jm] bgh]^ZaZ[u\Z_lqlh hg g_ ]h\hjbl ihbkiZgkdb Y ^mfZx lZd`_qlh hgaZ[ue ij_^klZ\blv gZk ^jm] ^jm]mkdZaZe yb gZa\Zek\h_ bfy : yOmZg fZlmkd \Zrbfmkem]ZfkdZaZe hg Fu ih`Zeb^jm] ^jm]mjmdb bg_dhlhjh_ \j_fyfheqZebY gZjmrbe fheqZgb_b jZkkdZaZeh klhys_ci_j_^h fghcaZ^Zq_Y kdZaZe _fmqlh bsmex[h]h jh^ZbgnhjfZpbx h jZkl_gbyo hkh[_ggh h i_chl_Y g_dhlhjh_\j_fy ijh^he`Ze gZihjbklh ]h\hjblv bohly y[ue ihqlbiheguf g_\_`^hc\ wlhf\hijhk_ l_f g_ f_g__ ykdZaZe _fmqlh m`_hq_gv fgh]h_ agZx h i_chl_Y kqblZeqlh _keby iho\ZklZxkvk\hbf agZgb_flh _fm [m^_lbgl_j_kgh jZa]h\Zjb\Zlvkh fghcGh hgg_ kdZaZe gbq_]hHg l_ji_eb\h kemrZeAZl_f hgf_ê_ggh db\gme b mklZ\beky gZ f_gy_]h ]eZaZdZaZehkvk\_lbebkv k\hbf kh[kl\_gguf k\_lhfY ba[_]Ze_]h \a]ey^ZY qm\kl\h\Ze g_m^h[kl\hM f_gy[ueZ m\_j_gghklv\ lhlfhf_glqlh hg agZ_lqlh y]h\hjx q_imom AZoh^b dZdgb[m^v dhfg_ ^hfhckdZaZe hggZdhg_p hl\_^y k\hb ]eZaZ hl f_gyfh`_l [ulv fu kfh`_f lZf ih]h\hjblv [he__e_]dh Y g_ agZeqlh _s_kdZaZlvY qm\kl\h\Ze g_m^h[kl\h Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_\j_fy ;bee\ha\jZlbeky \aZeHg ihgye fh_ g_m^h[kl\h bgb keh\Zg_ kdZaZeG_dhlhjh_ \j_fyfu kb^_eb\ gZijy`_gghf fheqZgbbAZl_f klZjbdih^gyeky?]h Z\lh[mk ijb[ueHg ihijhsZeky G_ hq_gv ohjhrh ihreh"kijhkbe ;bee>Z G_\ughkbfuc<g_aZigh ;beegZdehgbeky dhfg_ bljhgme f_gy lu kijZrb\Ze_]h hjZkl_gbyo" >ZkijZrb\Zegh y^mfZxqlh kijhkbeg_ lZd Y `_]h\hjbe l_[_qlh hghq_gv wdkp_gljbq_gBg^_cpu \ hdj_klghklyoagZxl _]hgh hgbgbdh]^Z hg_f g_]h\hjyl: wlh m`_dh_qlh <k_ `_hg kdZaZeqlh yfh]m aZclbd g_fm^hfhc Hg gZ^mel_[yDhg_qghlu fh`_rvaZclb dg_fm ^hfhc gh qlhwlh agZqbl"Hg gbdh]^Zgbq_]h l_[_g_ kdZ`_l>Z`_ _keb luihijhkbrv _]hh q_flhhg aZfg_lkydZd _keb[ lu [ue b^bhlhfg_kmsbf hdhe_kbpm ;bee m[_`^_ggh ]h\hjbeqlh hg\klj_qZe jZg__ ex^_c lZdh]h jh^Zdhlhju_ ijhba\h^yl\i_qZle_gb_ hq_gv agZxsbo GZ _]h\a]ey^kdZaZe hglZdb_ ex^bg_ klhylaZ[hllZd dZd jZgh beb iha^gh fh`gh ihemqblv lm `_ bgnhjfZpbx hl dh]hgb[m^v _s_dlh g_kljhbl bak_[y ljm^gh^hklmigh]hHg kdZaZeqlh m g_]h g_lgb \j_f_gbgb l_ji_gbyqlh[u jZkimlu\Zlv lmfZgklZjbdh\b qlh\hafh`ghklZjbd lhevdh ^_eZ_l \b^qlh agZ_l qlhlh h ljZ\Zolh]^Z dZd \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb hgagZ_l g_[hevr_ ex[h]h^jm]h]h ;bee ijh^he`Ze]h\hjblvgh yg_ kemrZeFhb fukeb\k_ _s_ [ueb aZgylu klZjufbg^_cp_fHg agZeqlh y e]mY \kihfgbe _]h]eZaZHgb ^_ckl\bl_evghkbyeb Q_j_a iZjmf_kyp_\ y\_jgmekyqlh[u gZ\_klblv_]hg_ klhevdh dZd klm^_gl Zgljhiheh]bbbgl_j_kmxsbcky e_dZjkl\_ggufb jZkl_gbyfbkdhevdh dZd q_eh\_d k g_h[tykgbfuf ex[hiulkl\hfLhdZd hglh]^Z \a]eygme gZ f_gy[ueh [_kij_p_^_glgufy\e_gb_f \fh_c `bagbY ohl_e agZlvqlh kdju\Zehkvih^ wlbf\a]ey^hfWlh klZehêy f_gy ihqlb lhqdhc ij_ldgh\_gbyY jZafureyeh[ wlhfbq_f ^hevr_ y^mfZel_f [he__g_h[uqguf fg_wlh dZaZehkv Fu klZeb k^hghf OmZghf^jmavyfbb \l_q_gb_ ]h^Z y gZ\_klbe _]h[_kqbke_ggh_ dhebq_kl\hjZaY gZr_e_]h fZg_ju hq_gv m\_j_ggufbZ _]hqm\kl\h xfhjZ ij_\hkoh^gufgh ij_`^_ \k_]hy qm\kl\h\Zeqlh [uehkdjulh_ kh^_j`Zgb_\ _]h ihklmidZokh^_j`Zgb_dhlhjh_ y\eyehkvêy f_gykh\_jr_ggh g_\b^bfufY qm\kl\h\Ze kljZggh_ m^h\hevkl\b_ \ _]h ijbkmlkl\bbb\ lh`_ kZfh_\j_fyy bkiulu\Ze kljZggh_ g_m^h[kl\hH^gh lhevdh_]h h[s_kl\haZklZ\eyeh f_gy^_eZlv h]jhfgmx i_j_hp_gdmfhbo fh^_e_cih\_^_gbyY [ue\hkiblZg ih`ZemcdZd b ex[hc^jm]hcijbgbfZlv q_eh\_dZdZd\ kmsghklb k\h_ckeZ[h_ bih^\_j`_ggh_ hrb[dZfkms_kl\h< ^hg_ OmZg_ f_gy ihjZ`Zeh lhqlh hg g_ ijhba\h^be \i_qZle_gby keZ[h]h b[_aaZsblgh]hb ijhklh_ gZoh`^_gb_ jy^hf k gbf jh`^Zehg_[eZ]hijbylgh_ kjZ\g_gb_ f_`^m _]h h[jZahf `bagbb fhbfIh`Zemch^gbf bakZfuo ihjZabl_evguo ml\_j`^_gbcdhlhju_ hg k^_eZe\ wlhl i_jbh^dZkZehkv gZr_]h \jh`^_ggh]hjZaebqbyI_j_^ h^gbfba fhbo\bablh\ y qm\kl\h\Ze k_[yhq_gv g_kqZklghbaaZ h[s_]hl_q_gby k\h_c `bagb b baaZ jy^Z^Z\ysbo ebqguodhgnebdlh\dhlhju_ y bf_eDh]^Z yijb[ue \_]h ^hfy qm\kl\h\Zek_[y \ iehohf gZkljh_gbb bhq_gv g_j\gh Fu ]h\hjbebh fh_fbgl_j_k_ dagZgbxghdZd h[uqgh fu rebih ^\mfjZaguf ^hjh]ZfY bf_e\ \b^m ZdZ^_fbq_kdh_ agZgb_dhlhjh_ i_j_^Z_lhiul\ lh\j_fy dZdhg ]h\hjbe h ijyfhf agZgbbfbjZ AgZ_rv eblu qlhgb[m^v h[hdjm`Zxs_f l_[yfbj_" kijhkbe hg Y agZx\kydh]h jh^Z\_sbkdZaZe y Y bf_x\ \b^mlu dh]^Zgb[m^v hsmsZ_rvfbj \hdjm] l_[y" Y hsmsZx\ fbj_klhevdhkdhevdh fh]m Wlh]h g_^hklZlhqghLu ^he`_gqm\kl\h\Zlv \k_bgZq_ fbj l_jy_lk\hc kfuke Y \ukdZaZe deZkkbq_kdbc ^h\h^qlh fg_ g_ gm`gh ijh[h\Zlv kmiêy lh]hqlh[u magZlv_]h j_p_ilb g_gm`gh ih^\_j]Zlv k_[ym^Zjm we_dljhlhdZêy lh]hqlh[u magZlvh[ we_dljbq_kl\_ Lu aZklZ\ey_rv wlha\mqZlv ]emihkdZaZe hg gZkdhevdh y \b`mlu ohq_rvp_ieylvky aZ k\hb ^h\hû g_kfhljy gZlhl nZdlqlh hgbgbq_]h l_[_g_ ^ZxlLu ohq_rv hklZlvky l_f`_ kZfuf^Z`_ p_ghck\h_]h [eZ]hihemqby Y g_agZxh q_flu ]h\hjbrv Y ]h\hjxh lhfnZdl_qlh lug_ p_evgucM l_[y g_l fbjZwlh ml\_j`^_gb_jZa^jZ`beh f_gyY ihqm\kl\h\Zek_[y aZ^_lufY ih^mfZeqlh hg g_^hklZlhqgh d\Zebnbpbjh\Zg qlh[u km^blvh fhboihklmidZo bebh fh_cebqghklb Lu aZjZ`_gijh[e_fZfbkdZaZe hgihq_fm" Y \k_]hebrv q_eh\_d^hg OmZgkdZaZe ydZd kZfh kh[hc jZamf_xs__kyY k^_eZewlh ml\_j`^_gb_ k l_fb `_ bglhgZpbyfbdhlhju_ ^_eZefhc hl_pdh]^Z ijhbaghkbe _]h Dh]^Z hg ]h\hjbeqlh hg\k_]h ebrvq_eh\_dlh hg \k_]^Z ih^jZamf_\Zeqlh hgkeZ[ b[_aaZsbl_gb _]h ml\_j`^_gb_ lZd`_dZd b\k_[ueh ihegh[_af_jgh]h qm\kl\ZhlqZygby >hg OmZgmklZ\beky gZf_gy lZd`_dZd blh]^Zdh]^Z fu \i_j\u_\klj_lbebkv Lu ^mfZ_rv h k_[_kebrdhf fgh]hkdZaZe hg b meu[gmekyZ wlh^Z_l l_[_kljZggmx mklZehklvdhlhjZy aZklZ\ey_l l_[yaZdju\Zlvky hlhdjm`Zxs_]h fbjZb p_ieylvky aZ k\hb Zj]mf_gluIhwlhfm ijh[e_fuwlh \k_qlh m l_[y _klvY \k_]hebrv q_eh\_dlh`_gh g_bf_x a^_kv \ \b^m lh]hqlh bf__rvlu Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m" Y ba[Z\bekyhl k\hboijh[e_fHq_gv iehohqlh `bagv lZd dhjhldZqlh y g_fh]m mo\ZlblvkyaZ \k_ \_sbaZ dhlhju_ fg_ihgjZ\behkv [uko\ZlblvkyGh wlhg_ ijh[e_fZ Wlh ijhklhkh`Ze_gb_ Fg_ ihgjZ\beky lhg _]h\ukdZau\Zgby< g_f g_ [ueh hlqZygby beb`Zehklb dkZfhfm k_[_ < ]h^mq_j_a ]hîhke_ gZr_ci_j\hc \klj_qb^hg OmZg hldjue fg_qlh hgh[eZ^Z_l k_dj_lguf agZgb_f ih e_dZjkl\_gguf ljZ\ZfHg kdZaZefg_qlh y\ey_lky [jmoh BkiZgkdh_ keh\h [j mo h fh`ghi_j_\_klbdZd fZ ] a gZ oZ jv d he ^m gK wlh]hfhf_glZ hlghr_gby f_`^m gZfb baf_gbebkvY klZe_]h mq_gbdhfb \ l_q_gb_ ke_^mxsbo q_luj_oe_l hgiulZeky mqblvf_gy lZcgZffZ]bbH[ wlhf mq_gbq_kl\_y gZibkZedgb]mmq_gb_ ^hgZOmZgZimlv agZgby bg^_cp_\ie_f_gb ydb GZrb jZa]h\hju ijhoh^beb gZ bkiZgkdhf yaud_b [eZ]h^Zjy lhfmqlh ^hgOmZg [e_klys_\eZ^_e wlbfyaudhfy ihemqbe ^_lZevgu_ h[tykg_gbykeh`guo agZq_gbc_]h kbkl_fu ih\_jbcY gZau\Zewlm keh`gmxb ohjhrhkbkl_fZlbabjh\Zggmx \_l\v agZgbyfZ]b_cZ _]hkZfh]h fZ]hfihlhfm qlhbf_ggh lZdb_ dZl_]hjbb hg kZf bkihevah\Ze \ g_hnbpbZevghf jZa]h\hj_H^gZdh\ dhgl_dkl_[he__ k_jv_agh]hhk\_s_gby hg bkihevah\Ze l_jfbgu agZgb_qlh[ h[hagZqblv fZ]bxb q_eh\_d agZgbybeb lhldlh agZ_lqlh[ h[hagZqblv fZ]Z >ey lh]hqlh[ mqblvb i_j_^Z\Zlvk\h_ agZgb_^hg OmZg bkihevah\Ze ljb ohjhrh ba\_klguo ikbohljhiguo jZkl_gby i_chl O_jghjghUXZLOOLZfb_LO^mjfZg GZlbUZ LihoLZ b \b^ ]jb[h\hlghkysbcky djh^m jV\OhV_\_ Iml_f jZa^_evgh]h ijbgylby \gmljv dZ`^h]h ba wlbo ]Zeexpbgh]_gh\hg ijh^mpbjh\Ze\h fg_dZd k\h_f mq_gbd_ g_dhlhju_ ex[hiulgu_ khklhygbygZjmr_ggh]h \hkijbylby beb baf_g_ggh]h khagZgbydhlhju_ y gZau\Ze khklhygb_ g_h[uqZcghc j_ZevghklbY bkihevah\Ze keh\h j_ Z e vg hk lv ihlhfm qlh\ kbkl_f_\_jh\Zgbc ^hgZOmZgZ hkgh\guf imgdlhf [ueh lhqlh khklhygby khagZgby ijh^mpbjm_fu_ ijbgylb_fex[h]h bawlbo lj_ojZkl_gbc[ueb g_ ]ZeexpbgZpbyfbZ p_evgufbohly bg_h[uqgufbZki_dlZfb j_Zevghklb ih\k_^g_\ghc `bagb>hg OmZg \_e k_[y ih hlghr_gbx dwlbf khklhygbyfg_h[uqghc j_Zevghklbg_ lZddZd _keb [uhgb g_[ueb jZ_evgugh dZdd j_Zevguf DeZkkbnbpbjh\Zlv wlb jZkl_gbydZd ]Zeexpbgh]_guZ khklhygbydhlhju_ hgb ijh^mpbjmxldZd g_h[uqgmx j_Zevghklv[uehdhg_qghfhbf kh[kl\_gguf bah[j_l_gb_f >hg OmZgihgbfZe bh[tykgye wlbjZkl_gbydZd ljZgkihjlgu_ kj_^kl\Zdhlhju_ ^he`guijb\h^blv b^hklZ\eylv q_eh\_dZ d g_dbf [_aebqgufkbeZfZ khklhygb_dhlhjh_ hgbijh^mpbjmxl dZd \klj_qbdhlhju_ fZ]^he`_g bf_lvk wlbfbkbeZfb êy lh]hqlh[ ihemqblvgZ^ gbfbdhgljhev Hg gZau\Ze i_chl f_kdZeblhb h[tykgbeqlh hg y\ey_lky ^h[jh\hevgufmqbl_e_f baZsblgbdhf ex^_cF_kdZeblh mqbl lhfmdZd ijZ\bevgh`blvI_chl h[uqghijbgbfZ_lky gZ kh[jZgbb fZ]h\gZau\Z_fuo fblhlu]^_ mqZklgbdb kh[bjZxlky k hij_^_e_gghcp_evx ihemqblvmjhd \ lhfdZd ijZ\bevgh `blv >hg OmZgkqblZe ^mjfZgb ]jb[ukbeZfb ^jm]h]hjh^ZHg gZau\Ze bo heebb kdZaZeqlh bfb fh`gh mijZ\eylv nZdlbq_kdbfZ] ihemqZek\hx kbemfZgbimebjmy heebBa wlbo ^\mo kbe^hg OmZgij_îhqblZe ]jb[uHg ml\_j`^Zeqlh kbeZ kh^_j`ZsZyky \]jb[Zo[ueZ _]hebqguf heebb hggZau\Ze __ ûfbeb ûfhd Ijhp_^mjZ bkihevah\Zgby]jb[h\ m^hgZ OmZgZkhklhyeZ \ lhfqlh[u ^Zlvbf \ukhogmlv\ f_evqZcrbcihjhrhdihdZ hgb gZoh^ylky \gmljb g_[hevrh]h dm\rbgZHg ^_j`Ze dm\rbg aZi_qZlZgguf \ l_q_gb_]h^ZaZl_f kf_rb\Ze ihemqb\rbcky ihjhrhd k iylvx^jm]bfb kmobfbjZkl_gbyfb bihemqZe kf_kv êy dmj_gby\ ljm[d_ >ey lh]hqlh[u klZlv q_eh\_dhf agZgby gm`gh \klj_lblvkyk heebdZd fh`gh[hevr__ dhebq_kl\hjZaGm`gh klZlv agZdhfufk heebWlZ aZ^ZqZkhklhyeZdhg_qgh\ lhfqlh[u dmjblv]Zeexpbgh]_ggmx kf_kvhq_gv qZklhIjhp_kk dmj_gbyaZdexqZeky \ ijh]eZlu\Zgbb f_edh]h ihjhrdZ dhlhjuc g_ k]hjZeb \ûoZgbyûfZ ^jm]bo iylb jZkl_gbc dhlhju_ khklZ\eyebdmjbl_evgmx kf_kv >hg OmZg h[tykgye]em[hdbc wnn_dldhlhjuc \uau\Zeb ]jb[u \kihkh[ghklyo \hkijbylbydZd lhqlh heeb m[bjZ_l l_eh F_lh^ mq_gby^hgZ OmZgZlj_[h\Ze g_h[uqZcguomkbebc kh klhjhgu mq_gbdZNZdlbq_kdbg_h[oh^bfZy kl_i_gvmqZklby b \h\e_q_gghklb [ueZ klhev\_ebdZ bgZijy`_ggZqlh d dhgpm ]h^Z y\ugm`^_g [ue[jhkblv mq_gbq_kl\hL_i_jvdh]^Z ijhreh m`_e_l kl_o ihjy fh]mkdZaZlvqlh \lh \j_fy mq_gb_ ^hgZOmZgZ gZqZehij_^klZ\eylv kh[hck_jv_agmx m]jham fh_c b^__ fbjZY klZel_jylv m\_j_gghklvdhlhjmx \k_fu bf__f\ lhfqlh j_Zevghklvih\k_^g_\ghc `bagb y\ey_lky q_flh lZdbfqlh fufh`_f kqblZlv]ZjZglbjh\Zgguf b kZfh kh[hc jZamf_xsbfky <h \j_fy moh^Zy [uem[_`^_g \lhfqlh fh_ j_r_gb_ hdhgqZl_evgh_y g_ohl_e [he__\b^_lv ^hgZOmZgZH^gZdh \ Zij_e_ ]h^Z y ihemqbei_j\mx dhibx k\h_c dgb]b b ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[yh[yaZgguf ihdZaZlv__ _fmY gZ\_klbe_]h GZrZ k\yav mqbl_evmq_gbd aZ]Z^hqgh\hkklZgh\beZkvb y fh]m kdZaZlvqlh klh]h \j_f_gby gZqZe\lhjhc pbdek\h_]h mq_gbq_kl\Zhq_gv hlebqZxsbckyhl i_j\h]h Fhc kljZog_ [ueklhev hkljufdZdbf hg[ue \ijhrehf H[s__ gZkljh_gb_ mq_gby^hgZ OmZgZ[ueh jZkkeZ[e_ggufHg hq_gv fgh]hkf_yeky bkf_rbe f_gyDZaZehkvk _]h klhjhgu [ueh khagZl_evgh_ gZf_j_gb_ k\_klb d fbgbfmfm h[smx k_jv_aghklvHg rmlbe\ ^_ckl\bl_evghdjblbq_kdb_ fhf_glu wlh]h \lhjh]hpbdeZ blZdbf h[jZahfihfh] fg_ijhclb lZdb_ hiuludhlhju_ e_]dhfh]eb klZlvij_iylkl\b_f ?]h hlijZ\ghclhqdhc [uehlhqlh g_h[oh^bfhe_]dh_ b kihdhcgh_ jZkiheh`_gb_^moZ êylh]hqlh[u mk\hblvgZihj b qm`_jh^ghklv lh]hagZgbydhlhjhfm hgf_gy mqbe IjbqbgZ lh]hqlh lubkim]Zeky bm^jZekhklhbl \ lhfqlh luqm\kl\h\Ze k_[yq_jlh\kdb \Z`gufkdZaZe hg h[tykgyy fhcij_û^msbc moh^qm\kl\h kh[kl\_gghc\Z`ghklb ^_eZ_l q_eh\_dZly`_eufg_mdex`bf bimkluf gZijZkguf>ey lh]hqlh[u klZlv q_eh\_dhfagZgbygZ^h [ulv e_]dbf b l_dmqbf Hkh[uc bgl_j_k ^hgZ OmZgZ \h \lhjhf pbde_ fh_]h mq_gbq_kl\Z khklhye \ lhfqlh[u gZmqblv f_gy \b^_lv Hq_\b^gh\ _]hkbkl_f_ agZgby[ueZ \hafh`ghklv ijh\_klb k_fZglbq_kdh_ jZaebqb_ f_`^m \b^_lvb kfhlj_lvdZd f_`^m ^\mfy jZaebqgufb kihkh[Zfb \hkijbylbyKfhlj_lv hagZqZeh lhl h[uqguckihkh[dhlhjuf fu ijb\udeb hsmsZlv fbj\ lh \j_fy dZd\b^_lvaZdexqZeh \ k_[_ keh`guc ijhp_kkiml_f dhlhjh]hq_eh\_d agZgbyfh] g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh \hkijbgbfZlv kmsghklv\_s_c fbjZ >ey lh]hqlh[u ij_^klZ\blvaZimlZgghklv wlh]hmq_[gh]h ijhp_kkZ \ m^h[h\Zjbfhc nhjf_y k`Ze êbggu_ p_ihqdb \hijhkh\ bhl\_lh\ blZdbf h[jZahfba^Ze fhbhjb]bgZevgu_ ihe_\u_ aZibkbH^gZdh y\_jxqlh gZwlhl jZafh_ baeh`_gb_ g_ jZkoh^blky kh agZq_gb_f ^hgZ OmZgZJ_^Zdpby [ueZ gZijZ\e_gZ gZlhqlh[ fhbaZibkb l_debdZd l_q_ljZa]h\hj qlh[ hgbbf_eb lhkh^_j`Zgb_dhlhjh_ y`_eZebgZq_ ]h\hjy y ohl_ekj_^kl\Zfb j_ihjlZ`Zi_j_^Zlv qblZl_ex^jZfZlbaf b gZijZ\e_gghklv ihe_\hckblmZpbbDZ`ûc bajZa^_eh\dhlhjuc y h[hagZqZe ]eZ\hcy\ey_lky k_kkb_ck ^hghf OmZghfDZd ijZ\behhg \k_]^ZaZdZgqb\Ze gZrjZa]h\hj gZ h[hj\Zgghc ghl_lZdbf h[jZahf^jZfZlbq_kdbc lhghdhgqZgby dZ`^hc]eZ\u g_ fh_ kh[kl\_ggh_ ebl_jZlmjgh_ bah[j_l_gb_wlh [ueh k\hckl\_ggh jZa]h\hjghcfZg_j_ ^hgZOmZgZIh\b^bfhfmwlh [ueh ZiiZjZlhf êy aZihfbgZgbydhlhjuc ihfh]Ze fg_ m^_j`b\Zlv ^jZfZlbq_kdbcoZjZdl_j b\Z`ghklv mjhdh\ H^gZdhêy lh]hqlh[u k^_eZlvfhc j_ihjlZìhgylguf g_h[oh^bfu g_dhlhju_ h[tykg_gbyihkdhevdm ykghklv baeZ]Z_fh]h fZl_jbZeZ aZ\bkbl hl hk\_s_gby dexq_\uo dhgp_ipbc beb dexq_\uo _^bgbpdhlhju_ fg_ ohl_ehkv [u ih^q_jdgmlvWlhl \u[hjm^Zj_gby hkgh\ZggZ fh_fbgl_j_k_ d h[s_kl\_gguf gZmdZf<_kvfZ \hafh`ghqlh ^jm]hcq_eh\_dk ^jm]bf gZ[hjhf p_e_c b h`b^Zgbc \u^_eye [u dhgp_ipbb iheghklvx hlebqgu_hl l_odhlhju_ \u[jZey kZf < i_jbh^\lhjh]h pbdeZmq_gbq_kl\Z ^hgOmZg k^_eZemihj gZ lhfqlh[u m[_^blvf_gyqlh bkihevah\Zgb_ dmjbl_evghc kf_kb y\eyehkvg_h[oh^bfuf mkeh\b_fêy \b^_gvyIhwlhfm y ^he`_g dmjblv__ dZdfh`gh qZs_ Lhevdh ûffh`_l ^Zlvl_[_ g_h[oh^bfmxkdhjhklv êy lh]hqlh[u meh\blvhl[e_kd lh]hl_dms_]h fbjZkdZaZe hg K ihfhsvx ikbohljhighckf_kb hgijh^mpbjh\Ze \h fg_ k_jbb khklhygbc g_h[uqZcghc j_ZevghklbHkgh\ghc q_jlhc lZdbo khklhygbc\ hlghr_gbbd lhfmq_fdZaZehkvaZgbfZeky ^hg OmZg[ueh khklhygb_g_ijbeh`bfhklbLhqlh yhsmlbe \ wlbokhklhygbyo baf_g_ggh]hkhagZgby[ueh g_\hkijb_febfuf b g_\hafh`guf êy bklhedh\Zgby kj_^kl\Zfb gZr_]h ih\k_^g_\gh]h f_lh^Z ihgbfZgby fbjZ>jm]bfb keh\Zfb khklhygb_ g_ijbeh`bfhklb \e_deh aZ kh[hc bkq_agh\_gb_ k\yaghklb \fh_f fbjh\haaj_gbb >hg OmZgbkihevah\Ze wlhkhklhygb_ g_ijbeh`bfhklbbeb khklhygb_ g_h[uqghcj_Zevghklbêy lh]hqlh[u \\_klbk_jbx ij_^\Zjbl_evgh mk\h_gguogh\uo _^bgbp agZq_gby?^bgbpZfb agZq_gby [ueb\k_ hl^_evgu_we_f_gluoZjZdl_jgu_ êy lh]h agZgbydhlhjhfm ^hgOmZg klZjZekyf_gy h[mqblvY gZa\Zebo _^bgbpZfb agZq_gby ihlhfmqlh hgb [ueb hkgh\guf dhg]ehf_jZlhf k_gkhjguo^Zgguo bbo h[tykg_gbcba dhlhjuo dhgkljmbjh\Zebkv [he__keh`gu_ agZq_gbyH^gbf ba ijbf_jh\ lZdbo _^bgbp agZq_gby y\ey_lky kihkh[ih dhlhjhfm ihgbfZ_lky nbabheh]bq_kdbc wnn_dlikbohljhighc kf_kbHgZ ijh^mpbjm_l hg_f_gb_ bihl_jx ^\b]Zl_evgh]hdhgljheyqlh i_j_\h^behkv \kbkl_f_ ^hgZOmZgZdZd ^_ckl\b_\uihegy_fh_ ûfdhfdhlhjuc \wlhf kemqZ_gZau\Zeky heebêy lh]hqlh[ m[jZlv l_ehmqZklgbdZ ?^bgbpu agZq_gby[ueb hkh[ufh[jZahf h[t_^bg_gu\f_kl_ b dZ`^Zykha^ZggZy lZdbfh[jZahf ]jmiiZy\eyeZkv l_fqlh y gZa\Ze qm\kl\_ggZy bgl_jij_lZpbyHq_\b^ghqlh fh]eh kms_kl\h\Zlv [_kdhg_qgh_ dhebq_kl\h lZdbo \hafh`guo qm\kl\_gguo bgl_jij_lZpbckms_kl\_gguo \fZ]bbdhlhju_ fZ] ^he`_g gZmqblvky kha^Z\Zlv< gZr_cih\k_^g_\ghc `bagb fu klZedb\Z_fky k [_kqbke_gguf dhebq_kl\hf qm\kl\_gguo bgl_jij_lZpbck\yaZgguo kwlbfIjhklhc ijbf_jdhlhjuc fu [he__ g_bkihevam_fdZd khagZl_evgmxbgl_jij_lZpbxwlh kljmdlmjZdhlhjmx fugZau\Z_f dhfgZlZHq_\b^ghqlh fu gZmqbebkv bklhedh\u\Zlv kljmdlmjm dhfgZlZ\ l_jfbgZo dhfgZlulZdbf h[jZahfdhfgZlZ y\ey_lky qm\kl\_gghc bgl_jij_lZpb_cihlhfm qlhhgZ lj_[m_lqlh[u \lhl fhf_gl dh]^Z fu__ gZau\Z_ffu l_fbeb bgufh[jZahf hkhagZ\Zeb[u \k_ l_ we_f_gludhlhju_ \oh^yl\ wlhihkljh_gb_Kbkl_fZ qm\kl\_gguo bgl_jij_lZpbc y\ey_lkybgufb keh\Zfb ijhp_kkhfijb ihfhsbdhlhjh]h ijZdlbdmxsbc hkhagZ_l \k_ _^bgbpu agZq_gbyg_h[oh^bfu_ êy lh]hqlh[u k^_eZlv aZdexq_gby\u\hûij_^kdZaZgby bliH[h \k_okblmZpbyo k\yaZgguo k_]h Zdlb\ghklvx Ih^ ijZdlbdmxsbfy ih^jZamf_\ZxmqZklgbdZbf_xs_]h Z^_d\Zlgh_ agZgb_ h[h \k_obeb ihqlb h[h \k_o _^bgbpZo agZq_gby\oh^ysbo \ _]hdhgdj_lgmx kbkl_fm qm\kl\_gguo bgl_jij_lZpbc>hg OmZg[ue ijZdlbdmxsbfLh _klv hg [ue fZ]hfdhlhjuc agZe\k_ rZ]bk\h_c fZ]bb DZd ijZdlbdmxsbchg ihiulZekyk^_eZlv k\hx kbkl_fm qm\kl\_gguo bgl_jij_lZpbc ^hklmighc êy f_gyLZdZy ^hklmighklv \ wlhf kemqZ_ [ueZ jZ\ghkbevgZ ijhp_kkm ^_khpbZebaZpbb\ dhlhjhf ijb\b\Zebkv gh\u_ imlb bgl_jij_lbjh\Zgby bgnhjfZpbbihemqZ_fhc q_j_a hj]Zgu qm\kl\ Y [ue qm`bflh _klvl_fdlh g_ bf_e kihkh[ghklb ^_eZlv jZamfgu_b k\yaZggu_bgl_jij_lZpbb _^bgbp agZq_gby hlghkysboky dfZ]bb AZ^ZqZ ^hgZ OmZgZdZd ijZdlbdmxs_]h^_eZxs_]h k\hx kbkl_fm ^hklmighc êy f_gy[ueh jZajmrblv hij_^_e_ggmx m\_j_gghklvdhlhjmx yjZa^_eyx kex[uf ^jm]bfm\_j_gghklv \ lhfqlh gZrbhkgh\Zggu_ gZa^jZ\hf kfuke_\a]eyû gZ fbj hdhgqZl_evguBkihevamy ikbohljhigu_jZkl_gby b lhqgh gZijZ\e_ggu_ klhedgh\_gbyf_`^m fghxb qm`ûfbkbkl_fZfbhg ^h[beky mki_oZ \lhfqlh ihdZaZefg_qlh fhb\a]eyû gZ fbj g_fh]ml [ulvdhg_qgufblZd dZdwlh lhevdhbgl_jij_lZ pby >ey Zf_jbdZgkdbo bg^_cp_\\hafh`gh\ l_q_gb_ lukyq_e_lbc lhlimklhc n_ghf_gdhlhjuc fugZau\Z_f fZ]b_c y\ey_lky k_jv_aghc^hklh\_jghc ijZdlbdhcaZgbfZ\r_c ijbf_jgh lh`_ iheh`_gb_dhlhjh_ aZgbfZ_lgZrZ gZmdZGZrb ljm^ghklb \ihgbfZgbb __[_a khfg_gbyijhbkl_dZxl baqm`ûo gZf _^bgbpagZq_gbyk dhlhjufbhgZ bf__l^_eh H^gZ`û ^hg OmZg kdZaZe fg_qlh q_eh\_d bf__l ij_^jZkiheh`_gbyY ihijhkbe _]h h[tykgblv fg_ wlh ml\_j`^_gb_ Fh_ ij_^jZkiheh`_gb_ \b ^_ lv kdZaZe hg Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m" Fg_ gjZ\blky \b ^_ lv kdZaZe hgihlhfm qlh lhevdhijb ihfhsb \b ^_ gb y q_eh\_dagZgby fh`_l agZlv DZdh]h jh^Z\_sb lu \b ^b rv " <k_ Gh ylh`_ \b`m\k_Z yg_ q_eh\_dagZgby G_llu g_ \b ^b rv Y kqblZxqlh \b`m =h\hjx l_[_qlh lu g_ \b ^b rv Qlh l_[yaZklZ\ey_l lZd]h\hjblv^hg OmZg" Lu lhevdhkfhljbrv gZih\_joghklv \_s_c Lu ohq_rv kdZaZlvqlh dZ`ûc q_eh\_d agZgby ^_ckl\bl_evgh \b^blgZkd\hav \k_gZ qlhkfhljbl" G_lwlh g_lhqlh ybf_e \\b^mY kdZaZeqlh m q_eh\_dZ agZgby_klv k\hbkh[kl\_ggu_ ij_^jZkiheh`_gbyFh_ khklhbl \lhfqlh[u ijhklh \b ^_ lv bagZlv^jm]b_ ^_eZxl ^jm]b_\_sb GmgZijbf_jdZdb_ ^jm]b_\_sb" <havf_f kZdZl_dmhg q_eh\_d agZgbyb _]h ij_^jZkiheh`_gb_ lZgp_\ZlvIhwlhfm hglZgpm_l bagZ_l AgZqblij_^jZkiheh`_gb_ q_eh\_dZagZgby wlh g_qlh lZdh_qlh hg^_eZ_l êylh]hqlh[u agZlv" >Zwlh ijZ\bevgh Gh dZdfh`_l lZg_pihfhqv kZdZl_d_agZlv" Fh`gh kdZaZlvqlh kZdZl_dZlZgpm_l \k_fqlh mg_]h _klv Hg lZgpm_llZd `_dZd y"Y ohqmkdZaZlvlZddZd lZgpmxl" KdZ`_fqlh hglZgpm_l lZd`_dZd y \b `m Z g_ lZddZd lufh`_rv lZgp_\Zlv < b^ bl ebhg lh`_lZd`_dZd lu" >Zgh hglZd`_ blZgpm_l DZd lZgpm_lkZdZl_dZ" Wlh ljm^ghh[tykgblvWlh hkh[h]hjh^Z lZg_pdhlhjuc hg bkihegy_ldh]^Z hgohq_l agZlvGh \k_qlh yfh]m h[ wlhf kdZaZlvl_[_ wlh lhqlh_keb lug_ ihgbfZ_rviml_c q_eh\_dZdhlhjuc agZ_llh g_\hafh`gh b ]h\hjblv h \ b^ _g vb beblZgp_ : lu \b ^_ edZd hglZgpm_l k\hclZg_p" >ZH^gZdhwlh g_\hafh`ghêy ex[h]hdlh kfhljblgZ _]h lZg_p\ b^ _l vqlh wlh _]h hkh[uc kihkh[ ihagZgby Y agZe kZdZl_dmbebih djZcg_cf_j_y agZedlh hg lZdhcFu \klj_qZebkvb h^gZ`ûy ihdmiZe_fm ib\hHg [ue hq_gv \_èb\b kdZaZeqlh yfh]m k\h[h^ghhklZgZ\eb\Zlvky \ _]h ^hf_dh]^Z fg_wlh ihgZ^h[blkyY ^he]haZ[Z\eye k_[y fukevx h lhfqlh[u ihk_lblv_]hgh ^hgmOmZgm gbq_]h h[ wlhf g_]h\hjbe < ihe^_gv fZy ]h^Z yih^t_oZe d^hfm kZdZl_db Hg jZkkdZaZe fg_dZd ^hg_]h ^h[jZlvkyb y e_]dh gZr_e wlhl ^hfHg klhyegZ m]emb [uekh \k_o klhjhg hdjm`_g ba]hjh^vx<hjhlZ [ueb aZdjuluY h[hr_e ^hf djm]hf \ubkdb\Zyg_evay eb]^_gb[m^v aZ]eygmlv\gmljvDZaZehkv qlh ^hfimkl >hg Wevykdjbdgme y]jhfdh Dmju i_j_im]Zebkv b jZkkuiZebkv ih ^\hjmm`Zkgh dm^ZoqZG_[hevrZy kh[ZqdZih^hreZ daZ[hjmY h`b^Zeqlh hgZ aZeZ_l gZ f_gy\f_klh wlh]h hgZ ijhklh mk_eZkv gZ[ex^Zy aZfghcY iha\Ze_s_ jZab dmjujZajZabebkv gh\uf dm^ZolZgv_fKlZjZy `_gsbgZ\ureZ ba^hfmY ihijhkbe __ iha\Zlv ^hgZWevykZ ?]h a^_kvg_lkdZaZeZ hgZ =^_ yfh]m _]hgZclb" Hg \iheyo =^_ \iheyo" Y g_agZxIjboh^bl_ d\_q_jmHg [m^_l^hfZ hdheh iylb <u `_gZ^hgZ WevykZ" >Zy _]h`_gZkdZaZeZ hgZb meu[gmeZkv Y ihiulZeky jZkkijhkblv __ h kZdZl_d_gh hgZ ba\bgbeZkv bkdZaZeZqlh iehohagZ_l bkiZgkdbcyaudY k_e \ fZrbgmb m_oZe <_jgmeky y hdheh r_klbqZkh\Y ih^t_oZed ^\_jb b \udjbdgme bfy kZdZl_dbGZ wlhljZa hg\ur_e ba ^hfZY \dexqbe k\hcfZ]gblhnhgdhlhjuc \dhjbqg_\hc dh`Zghckmfd_ k\bkZe k fh_]hie_qZdZd nhlhZiiZjZlDZaZehkvhg magZe f_gy Hwlh lukdZaZe hgmeu[ZykvdZd OmZg" Hg a^hjh\: dZd\Zr_ a^hjh\v_^hg Wevyk" Hg g_hl\_qZeDZaZehkvqlh hgg_j\gbqZ_l<g_rg_ hg [ue hq_gvkh[jZggh yqm\kl\h\Zeqlh _fm[ueh g_ih k_[_ OmZg ijbkeZel_[y kx^Zk dZdbfgb[m^v ^_ehf" G_ly kZfijb_oZe Gh q_]h`_ jZ^b" ?]h \hijhkdZaZehkv\u^Z\Ze hq_gv bkdj_gg__ m^b\e_gb_ Y ijhklh ohl_e ih]h\hjblvk \ZfbkdZaZe y klZjZykvqlh[u \hijhka\mqZe lZd_kl_kl\_gghdZd lhevdh fh`gh^hg OmZgjZkkdZau\Ze fg_h \Zkqm^_kgu_ \_sby aZbgl_j_kh\Zeky baZohl_e aZ^Zlv\Zf g_kdhevdh\hijhkh\ KZdZl_dZ klhye i_j_^h fghc?]h l_eh [ueh lhsbf b `bebklufHg ghkbejm[Zrdm b[jxdb p\_lZoZdb?]h ]eZaZ [ueb ihemaZdjuluHg dZaZekykhgguf bebfh`_l [ulvivyguf ?]h jhl [ue ke_]dZijbhldjulb gb`gyy]m[Z hl\bkZeZY aZf_lbeqlh hg ]em[hdh ûrbl bdZaZehkvihqlb ihojZiu\Z_lFg_ ijbreZfukevqlh kZdZl_dZg_khfg_ggh \u`be ba mfZGh wlZfukev dZaZeZkvhq_gv g_mf_klghcihlhfm qlh ebrv g_kdhevdhfbgml gZaZ^dh]^Z hg\ur_e ba^hfZhg [ue hq_gv Ze_jl_gb \iheg_hkhagZ\Ze fh_ijbkmlkl\b_ H q_flu ohq_rv]h\hjblv"kdZaZe hggZdhg_p M g_]h [ue hq_gv mklZeuc]hehkDZaZehkvqlh hg \u^Z\eb\Z_l ba k_[ykeh\Z h^ghaZ ^jm]bfY ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y hq_gv g_eh\dhDZaZehkvqlh _]h mklZehklv [ueZ aZjZaghc bho\Zlu\ZeZ f_gy Gbq_]h hkh[_ggh]hhlq_lbe yy ijhklh ijb_oZe ih[helZlv k\Zfb ih^jm`_kdb<u h^gZ`ûijb]eZrZeb f_gy d k_[_ ^hfhc >Zijb]eZrZegh k_cqZkwlh g_lh Gh ihq_fm`_ g_lh" JZa\_ lug_ ]h\hjbek OmZghf" >Z]h\hjbe Gh lh]^Zq_]h `_lu ohq_rvhl f_gy" Y ^mfZeqlhfh`_ly kfh]maZ^Zlv \Zf g_kdhevdh \hijhkh\ AZ^Zc boOmZgmJZa\_ hgg_ mqbll_[y" Hg mqblgh \k_jZ\gh fg_ohl_ehkv [ukijhkblv \Zkh lhfq_fm hgf_gy mqblb magZlv\Zr_ fg_gb_LZdbf h[jZahfy [u agZeqlh fg_^_eZlv Ihq_fm luohq_rv k^_eZlvwlh"Lu g_\_jbrv OmZgm" Y \_jx Lh]^Z ihq_fmlu g_ihijhkbrv _]hjZkkdZaZlv l_[_ h lhfqlh luohq_rv magZlv" Y lZdb ^_eZxB hgfg_ jZkkdZau\Z_lGh _keb\u lh`_ jZkkdZ`_l_ fg_h lhfq_fm hgf_gy mqbllhfh`_l [ulvy emqr_ wlhihcfm OmZg fh`_ljZkkdZaZlv l_[_h[h \k_fLhevdh hgfh`_l k^_eZlv wlhJZa\_ luwlh]h g_ihgbfZ_rv" IhgbfZxGh y lZd`_ ohqm ih]h\hjblv k ex^vfb ih^h[gufb \Zf^hg WevykG_ dZ`ûc^_gv \klj_qZ_rvky k q_eh\_dhf agZgby OmZg q_eh\_d agZgby Y agZxwlh Lh]^Z ihq_fmlu ]h\hjbrvkh fghc" Y kdZaZeqlh yijb_oZeqlh[ fu[ueb ^jmavyfb G_llu g_êy wlh]hijb_oZeGZ wlhljZa \l_[_ _klv qlhlh ^jm]h_ Y ohl_eh[tykgblvgh \k_qlh ykfh] k^_eZlvlZd wlh g_jZa[hjqb\h [hjfhlZlvKZdZl_dZ fheqZeDZaZehkvhg \gbfZl_evgh kemrZe?]h ]eZaZ[ueb \gh\vihemaZdjuluGh y qm\kl\h\Zeqlh hgkfhljbl gZf_gyHg _^\Zmeh\bfh db\gme AZl_f _]h \_db jZkdjuebkv b y m\b^_e _]h ]eZaZHg dZaZehkvkfhlj_e fbfhf_gyHg [_kkhagZl_evghihlhilu\Ze ih ihem ghkdhfijZ\hc gh]bdZd jZaihaZ^b e_\hciyldb?]h gh]b [ueb ke_]dZ kh]gmlujmdb [_a`bag_ggh\bk_eb \^hev l_eZ AZl_f hg ih^gye ijZ\mxjmdm_]h eZ^hgv [ueZ hldjulZ b i_ji_g^bdmeyjgZ a_fe_iZevpu [uebjZkklZ\e_gu b mdZau\Zeb gZ f_gyHg iha\hebek\h_c jmd_iZjm jZadheuogmlvky ij_`^_ q_f \u\_e __gZ mjh\_gvfh_]h ebpZ< lZdhf iheh`_gbb hg ^_j`Ze __k k_dmg^mZ aZl_fkdZaZe fg_g_kdhevdh keh\?]h ]hehk [uehq_gv ykgufb \k_`_ ykeh\ g_jZah[jZe Q_j_a k_dmg^m hg mjhgbejmdm \^hev l_eZ b hklZeky g_ih^\b`_gijbgy\ kljZggmx ihamHg klhyehibjZykv gZ sbdhehldm e_\hc gh]b?]h ijZ\Zygh]Z h]b[ZeZiyldm e_\hc gh]bb __ghkhd fy]dhb jblfbqghihlhiu\Ze ihihem F_gy ho\Zlbeh g_h`b^Zggh_ hsms_gb_ k\h_]h jh^Z [_kihdhckl\hFhb fukebdZaZehkv[ueb g_k\yagufbY ^mfZe h g_hlghkysboky d ^_em[_kkfuke_gguo \_sZog_ bf_xsbo gbdZdh]h hlghr_gby d ijhbkoh^ys_fmY aZf_lbe k\h_ g_m^h[kl\h b ihiulZeky \uijZ\blv fukeb\_jgm\ bo d j_Zevghklbgh g_fh] wlh]hk^_eZlvg_kfhljy gZ h]jhfgu_ mkbebyDZaZehkvqlh dZdZylh kbeZf_rZeZ fg_dhgp_gljbjh \Zlv fukebb ^mfZlvk\yagh KZdZl_dZ g_ kdZaZe gbkeh\Zb yg_ agZeqlh _s_ kdZaZlv bebk^_eZlvKh\_jr_ggh Z\lhfZlbq_kdbih\_jgmeky b mr_e Iha^g__ yihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[yh[yaZgguf jZkkdZaZlv ^hgm OmZgm hfh_c \klj_q_k kZdZl_dhc>hg OmZgjZkohohlZeky Qlh `_\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklblh]^Z ijhbahreh"kijhkbe y KZdZl_dZ lZgp_\ZekdZaZe hghg m\ b^ _e l_[yZ aZl_fhg lZgp_\Ze Qlh hgk^_eZe khfghc"Y qm\kl\h\Zeoheh^ b^jh`v Hq_\b^ghlu _fmg_ ihgjZ\bekyb hghklZgh\be l_[y [jhkb\ gZl_[y keh\h DZdbf h[jZahfhg kfh]wlh k^_eZlv"\hkdebdgme y g_^h\_jqb\h Hq_gv ijhklhHg hklZgh\bel_[y k\h_c\he_c Qlh lukdZaZe" Hg hklZgh\bel_[y k\h_c\he_c H[tykg_gb_ [ueh g_m^h\e_l\hjbl_evguf?]h aZdexq_gb_ a\mqZeh êyf_gy [_eb[_j^hcY ihiulZeky_s_ ihjZkkijZrb\Zlv _]hgh hgg_ kfh]h[tykgblv wlhlkemqZc lZdqlh[u y [ue m^h\e_l\hj_g Hq_\b^ghqlh wlhlkemqZcdZd bex[hc kemqZc\ wlhc qm`^hc kbkl_f_qm\kl\_gguo bgl_jij_lZpbcfh`_l [ulvh[tykg_g beb ihgyllhevdh \l_jfbgZo _^bgbpagZq_gbyhlghkysboky d wlhc kbkl_f_LZdbf h[jZahfwlZ dgb]Zy\ey_lky j_ihjlZ`_f b __ ke_^m_l qblZlvdZd j_ihjlZ`Kbkl_fZdhlhjmx y aZibku\Ze[ueZ êy f_gy g_\hkijb_fe_fZlZdbf h[jZahf ij_l_gaby gZ qlheb[h bgh_djhf_ j_ihjlZ`Z[ueZ [u h[fZgqb\Z bg_khklhyl_evgZ< wlhfhlghr_gbb yijb^_j`b\Zeky n_ghf_gheh]bq_kdh]h f_lh^Z bklZjZeky h[jZsZlvky \ k\hbo aZibkyo k fZ]b_c lhevdh dZdk y\e_gbyfbk dhlhjufb y klhedgmekyYdZd \hkijbgbfZxsbcaZibkZe lhqlh y \hkijbgbfZeb \fhf_gl aZibku\Zgbyy klZjZekym^_j`b\Zlvky hl km`^_gbc Q:KLV I?J<:YIj_^^\_jb_ d\b^_gvx =eZ\Z i_ j\ Zy Zij_ey ] >hg OmZggZ k_dmg^m\a]eygme bdZaZehkvkh\k_f g_[ue m^b\e_g l_fqlh m\b^_ef_gyg_kfhljy gZlhqlh ijhrehm`_ [he__ ^\mo e_lk l_oihjdZd yihke_^gbc jZa ijb_a`Ze d g_fmHg iheh`bejmdm fg_gZ ie_qhmeu[gmeky bkdZaZeqlh y baf_gbekyb \u]ey`mlhekluf bfy]dbf Y ijb\_awda_fieyj k\h_cdgb]b;_ah \kydbo\klmie_gbc y \ugme__ baihjln_ey b\jmqbe _fm Wlh dgb]Zh l_[_^hg OmZgkdZaZe y Hg \aye__ bijh\_e jmdhcih kljZgbpZfdZd _keb[u wlh [ueZ dheh^ZdZjl?fm ihgjZ\bekya_e_guc hll_ghdi_j_ie_lZ b \ukhlZ dgb]bHg hsmiZei_j_ie_l eZ^hgyfbiZjm jZaih\_jgme _]h baZl_f \jmqbefg_ dgb]mh[jZlghY qm\kl\h\Ze [hevrhc ijbeb\ ]hj^hklb Y ohqmqlh[u luhklZ\be __k_[_kdZaZe y Hg ihljyk]heh\hc \[_aa\mqghf kf_o_ Y emqr_ g_ [m^mkdZaZe hgb aZl_f ^h[Z\be k rbjhdhc meu[dhclu agZ_rvqlh fu^_eZ_f k [mfZ]hc \ F_dkbd_ Y jZkkf_yekyFg_ ihdZaZeZkvij_djZkghc _]h e_]dZy bjhgby Fu kb^_eb gZ kdZf_cd_iZjdZ \ g_[hevrhf ]hjh^d_ \ ]hjghf jZchg_p_gljZevghc F_dkbdbM f_gyg_ [uehZ[khexlgh gbdZdhc \hafh`ghklb^Zlv _fmagZlv hfh_f gZf_j_gvbihk_lblv _]hgh y [uem\_j_gqlh gZc^m_]hb ygZr_eY hq_gv g_^he]h ijh`^Ze\ wlhf]hjh^_ ij_`^_q_f ^hgOmZg ijb[uek ]hjb y gZr_e _]hgZ [ZaZj_m ijbeZ\dZ h^gh]h ba _]h ^jma_c >hg OmZgkdZaZe fg_dZd kZfhkh[hc jZamf_xs__kyqlh y lml dZdjZa \h\j_fyqlh[u ^hklZ\blv_]h h[jZlgh\ khghjm b fu mk_ebkv \ iZjd_qlh[u ih^h`^Zlv _]h ^jm]Z fZkZl_dkdh]h bg^_cpZm dhlhjh]hhg `be Fu `^Zeb hdheh lj_o qZkh\Fu ]h\hjbeb h jZaguo g_\Z`guo \_sZob ddhgpm ^gydZd jZai_j_^ l_fdZd ijbr_e _]h ^jm]y jZkkdZaZe_fm hg_kdhevdbo kemqZyok\b^_l_e_f dhlhjuo y[ue g_kdhevdh^g_c gZaZ^ <h \j_fy fh_c ih_a^db mf_gy kehfZeZkv fZrbgZ gZ hdjZbg_ ]hjh^Zb \l_q_gb_ lj_o^g_c fg_ijbrehkv hklZ\Zlvky \ g_fihdZ êbekyj_fhglGZijhlb\ Z\lhfZkl_jkdhc [ue fhl_evgh ijb]hjh^\k_]^Z ^_ckl\h\ZegZ f_gy m^jmqZxs_ ihwlhfm y hklZgh\beky\ \hkvfbwlZ`ghc]hklbgbp_ \ p_glj_ ]hjh^Z FZevqbddmjv_j kdZaZefg_qlh \hl_e_ _klv j_klhjZg bdh]^Z y kimklbekylm^Z ih_klvy h[gZjm`beqlh lZf bf_xlky klhebdb kgZjm`b gZmebp_Hgb ^h\hevgh djZkb\h jZkiheZ]Zebkv gZ m]em mebpuih^ gbadhc dbjibqghc Zjdhc kh\j_f_gguo ebgbcKgZjm`b [ueh ijhoeZ^gh b lZf [ueb k\h[h^gu_ klhebdbh^gZdh y ij_îhq_e kb^_lv \ ^mrghf ihf_s_gbb<oh^y yaZf_lbeqlh gZ[j_\g_ i_j_^ j_klhjZghf kb^bl ]jmiiZfZevqbr_d qbklbevsbdh\ h[m\bb y[ue m\_j_g qlh hgb klZgmlij_ke_^h\Zlv f_gy_keb yky^m aZ h^bg ba gZjm`guo klhebdh\ K lh]hf_klZ]^_ ykb^_efg_ [ueZ\b^gZ q_j_akl_deh wlZ ]jmiiZ fZevqbr_dIZjZ fhehûoex^_c aZgyeZ klhebd b fZevqbrdb hdjm`beb boijhky ihqbklblvbo h[m\vFhehû_ ex^b hldZaZebkvb y[ue m^b\e_gm\b^_\qlh fZevqbrdb g_ klZeb gZklZb\ZlvZ \_jgmebkvb k_ebgZ k\h_f_klhQ_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fyljh_ fm`qbg\ ^_eh\uodhklxfZo ih^gyebkv b \urebb fZevqbrdbih^[_`Z\ dbo klhebdmgZqZeb _klv hklZldb ibsbQ_j_a g_kdhevdhk_dmg^ lZj_edb[ueb qbklufb Lh `_ kZfh_ ih\lhjbehkv kh[t_^dZfb gZ \k_o hklZevguo klheZo Y aZf_lbeqlh ^_lb[ueb \_kvfZZddmjZlgu_keb hgb ijheb\Zeb \h^mlh hgbijhfhdZeb __ k\hbfb kh[kl\_ggufb neZg_evdZfb êyqbkldb h[m\bY lZd`_hlf_lbe lhlZevghklv bo m[hjdb kt_klgh]hHgb kt_^Zeb ^Z`_ dm[bdb ev^Z hklZ\rb_ky \klZdZgZoebfhggu_ ^hevdbba qZydh`mjm bli G_ [uehkh\_jr_ggh gbq_]hqlh [uhgb hklZ\eyeb AZ lh\j_fyqlh y[ue \hl_e_y h[gZjm`beqlh f_`^m ^_lvfb b ohaybghfj_klhjZgZ kms_kl\m_l kh]eZr_gb_^_lyf [ueh iha\he_gh hdheZqb\Zlvky m aZ\_^_gby k l_fqlh[u aZjZ[hlZlv g_fgh]h ^_g_] mihk_lbl_e_cZ lZd`_ ^h_^Zlv hklZldb ibsbgZ klhebdZok l_fmkeh\b_fqlh hgbgbdh]h g_ jZkk_j^yl bgbq_]h g_jZah[vxlBo [uehh^bggZ^pZlv q_eh\_d \ \hajZkl_hl iylb^h ^\_gZ^pZlbe_lh^gZdh kZfuc klZjrbc ^_j`Zeky hkh[gydhf hl hklZevghc ]jmiiuHgb gZf_j_ggh hllZedb\Zeb _]h^jZagy _]hqZklmrdhcqlh m g_]h _klv eh[dh\u_ \hehku bhg kebrdhfklZjqlh[u gZoh^blvky kj_^b gbo Ihke_ lj_o ^g_c gZ[ex^_gbyaZ l_fdZd hgb ih^h[gh kl_j\ylgbdZf [jhkZebkvgZ kZfu_g_ijb\e_dZl_evgu_ h[t_^dby bkdj_gg_ jZkkljhbeky bihdbgme ]hjh^k qm\kl\hfqlh g_l gbdZdhc gZ^_`ûêy wlbo^_l_cq_c fbj[ue m`_jZa^Z\e_g bo dZ`^h^g_\ghc [hjv[hcbaaZ dmkdZibsb Lu bo `Ze__rv"\hkdebdgme ^hg OmZg \hijhrZxsbf lhghf Dhg_qgh`Ze_xkdZaZe y Ihq_fm" Ihlhfm qlhy haZ[hq_g[eZ]hkhklhygb_f hdjm`Zxsbof_gy ex^_cWlb fZevqbdb^_lbZ bofbj lZdg_djZkb\ bf_ehd Ih^h`^bIh^h`^bDZd lufh`_rv ]h\hjblvqlh bofbj g _d jZ kb \ b f_ eh d"kdZaZe ^hg OmZg i_j_^jZagb\Zy fh_ \ujZ`_gb_Lu ^mfZ_rvqlh l\hc fbj emqr_g_ lZdeb" Y kdZaZeqlh lZdb ^mfZxb hgkijhkbe f_gyihq_fmB y kdZaZe _fmqlh ihkjZ\g_gbx kfbjhf wlbo^_l_c fhc fbj [_kdhg_qgh [he__ jZaghh[jZa_g b [h]Zl jZa\e_q_gbyfb b \hafh`ghklyfb êy ebqgh]hm^h\e_l\hj_gby bjZa\blbyKf_o ^hgZ OmZgZ [ue bkdj_ggbfb ^jm`_kdbfHg kdZaZeqlh y g_hklhjh`_g kl_fqlh y]h\hjxqlh mf_gy g_l\hafh`ghklb baf_jblv [h]Zlkl\hb \hafh`ghklbfbjZ wlbo^_l_c Y ih^mfZeqlh OmZgijhklh mijyfblkyY ^_ckl\bl_evgh ^mfZeqlh hgklZgh\blky gZijhlb\hiheh`gmx lhqdm aj_gby ijhklh êy lh]hqlh[u jZa^jZ`Zlvf_gyY bkdj_gg_ \_jbe qlh m wlbo^_l_c g_lgb fZe_cr_]hrZgkZ êy bgl_ee_dlmZ evgh]h jhklZ Y _s_ g_dhlhjh_\j_fy hlklZb\Zek\hx lhqdmaj_gbyZ aZl_f ^hgOmZg kihdhcghkijhkbe f_gy JZa\_ lug_ ]h\hjbefg_ h^gZ`ûqlh ihl\h_fm fg_gbx \_ebqZcrbf ^hklb`_gb_f êyq_eh\_dZ [m^_lklZlv q_eh\_dhf agZgby" Y ]h\hjbe lZdb ih\lhjbe\gh\vqlhihfh_fmklZlv q_eh\_dhf agZgbywlh h^ghba \_ebqZcrbo bgl_ee_dlmZevguo ^hklb`_gbc LZd lu ^mfZ_rvqlh l\hc hq_gv [h]Zluc fbj dh]^Zgb[m^v ihfh`_ll_[_ klZlvq_eh\_dhf agZgby"kijhkbe ^hg OmZgk e_]dbfkZjdZafhf Y g_ hl\_lbeb lh]^Zhg aZ^Zelhl `_\hijhk ^jm]bfb keh\Zfb h[hjhldhlhjuc y\k_]^Z ijbf_gyed g_fmdh]^Z kqblZeqlh hgg_ ihgbfZ_l >jm]bfb keh\ZfbkdZaZe hgrbjhdh meu[Zykv b hq_\b^gh \b^yqlh yhkhagZx _]hb]jmfh]ml eb l\hy k\h[h^Z b l\hb \hafh`ghklbihfhqv l_[_ klZlv q_eh\_dhf agZgby" G_lkdZaZe yk m^Zj_gb_f Lh]^Z dZd`_ lufh`_rv qm\kl\h\Zlv`Zehklv d wlbf ^_lyf"kijhkbe hgk_jv_aghex[hc bagbo fh`_l klZlv q_eh\_dhf agZgby<k_ ex^bagZgbydhlhjuo y agZx[ueb ^_lvfbih^h[gufb l_fdhlhjuo lu \b^_eih^t_^Zxsbfb h[t_^db b\uebau\Zxsbfb klhebdb :j]mf_gl ^hgZOmZgZ ^Zefg_ g_ijbylgh_hsms_gb_Y g_ qm\kl\h\Ze `Zehklb d wlbfh[^_e_gguf ijb\_e_]byfb ^_lyf hllh]hqlh bfg_ o\ZlZ_libsbgh `Ze_ebo aZlhqlh ih fhbf jZkq_lZf fbj m`_ijb]h\hjbe bo d bgl_ee_dlmZevghc g_Z^_d\ZlghklbBh^gZdh `_ih jZkq_lZf^hgZ OmZgZdZ`ûc ba gbofh] ^hklbqvlh]hqlh ykqblZe \_jrbghcq_eh\_q_kdbo bgl_ee_dlmZevguo ^hklb`_gbc klZlv q_eh\_dhfagZgbyFhb ijbqbgu dlhfmqlh[u `Ze_lvbo[ueb g_h[hkgh\Zgu>hg OmZg lhqgh ih^^_ef_gy Fh`_l [ulvlu bijZ\kdZaZe ygh dZd fh`gh ba[_`Zlv `_eZgbybkdj_gg_]h `_eZgbyihfhqv hdjm`Zxsbfl_[y ex^yf" DZd `_lu ^mfZ_rvbf fh`ghihfhqv" H[e_]qZy boghrmKZfh_ fZe_gvdh_qlh fh`ghk^_eZlv êy hdjm`ZxsbogZk ex^_clZd wlhihiulZlvky baf_gblvboLu \_^v bkZf aZgbfZ_rvkywlbfJZa\_ g_lZd" G_lWlh]h yg_ ^_eZxY g_agZxqlh f_gylvb aZq_f f_gylv qlheb[h \hdjm`Zxsbo f_gyex^yo : dZdgZkq_l f_gy^hg OmZg"JZa\_ lug_ mqbe f_gy êy lh]hqlh[u ybaf_gbeky" G_lY g_iulZxkv baf_gblvl_[yFh`_l kemqblvkyqlh h^gZ`û lu klZg_rvq_eh\_dhf agZgbywlh]h gbdZd g_evay magZlv gh wlhg_ baf_gbll_[yDh]^Zgb[m^v lu\hafh`gh kfh`_rv m\ b^ _l v ex^_c\ ^jm]hfieZg_b lh]^Z lu ihcf_rvqlh g_lkihkh[Z baf_gblvqlheb[h \gbo Qlh wlhaZ ^jm]hcieZg \b^_gvyex^_c^hg OmZg" Ex^b \u]ey^ylih^jm]hfm_keb bo \b ^b rv FZe_gvdbc ûfhd ihfh`_ll_[_ m\ b^ _l v ex^_cdZd gblb k\_lZ Gblb k\_lZ" >ZgblbdZd lhgdZyiZmlbgZHq_gv lhgdb_ \hehdgZ dhlhju_ pbjdmebjmxl hl ]heh\u d imidmLZdbf h[jZahf q_eh\_d \u]ey^bldZd ycphba pbjdmebjmxsbo\hehdhg: _]h jmdb bgh]b ih^h[guk\_lysbfky ijhlm[_jZgpZf\uju\Zxsbfky \ jZagu_ klhjhgu B lZd\u]ey^bl dZ`ûc" DZ`ûcDjhf_ lh]hq_eh\_d gZoh^blky\ dhglZdl_ kh \k_f hklZevgufg_ q_j_ajmdbijZ\^ZZ q_j_aimqhd êbgguo \hehdhg\uju\Zxsboky ba p_gljZ_]h `b\hlZWlb \hehdgZ ijbkh_^bgyxl q_eh\_dZ dh\k_fm hdjm`Zxs_fmhgb khojZgyxl _]h jZ\gh\_kb_hgb ijb^Zxl_fm mklhcqb\hklvIhwlhfmdZd lu kfh`_rv m\ b^ _l v dh]^Zgb[m^vq_eh\_d wlh k\_lys__ky ycph[m^v hggbsbf bebdhjhe_fb g_l kihkh[Z baf_gblv qlheb[hbeb\_jg__qlh fh`gh baf_gblv \ k\_lys_fky ycp_Z" =eZ\Z Fg_ \l hj Zy Fh_ ihk_s_gb_^hgZ OmZgZiheh`beh gZqZehgh\hfm pbdem g_ ihlj_[h\ZehkvgbdZdbo mkbebcêy lh]hqlh[u \gh\v ihiZklv \ klZjh_ jmkeh m^h\hevkl\by hl _]h qm\kl\Z ^jZfZlbafZ_]h xfhjZ bl_ji_gby khfghcY hij_^_e_ggh qm\kl\h\Zeqlh fg_ gm`ghihk_sZlv _]h [he__ qZklhG_ \b^_lv ^hgZ OmZgZ[ueh ^_ckl\bl_evgh[hevrhc `_jl\hc êy f_gydjhf_ lh]hm f_gy[ueh dh_qlhij_^klZ\eyxs__ êy f_gy hij_^_e_ggucbgl_j_kqlh yohl_e kgbf h[km^blv Ihke_ lh]hdZd yaZdhgqbe dgb]mh _]hmq_gbby gZqZe i_j_[bjZlv l_k\hb ihe_\u_aZibkbdhlhju_ yg_ bkihevah\Ze \ dgb]_Y \uimklbeba dgb]bhq_gv fgh]h^Zgguoihlhfm qlh fh_ \gbfZgb_ [ueh gZijZ\e_gh gZ khklhygby g_h[uqghc j_ZevghklbIjhkfZljb\Zy k\hbklZju_ aZibkdby ijbr_e d aZdexq_gbxqlh mf_eucfZ] fh`_lkha^Zlv kZfuc ki_pbZebab jh\Zgguc Zj_Ze \hkijbylby \ k\h_f mq_gbd_ijhklh fZgbimebjmy h[s_kl\_ggufb dexqZfb<k_ fh_ ihkljh_gb_ dZkZxs__ky ijbjhû wlbo fZgbimeypbhgguo ijhp_^mj hkgh\u\Zehkv gZij_îheh`_gbbqlh êylh]hqlh[u kha^Zlv g_h[oh^bfuc Zj_Ze \hkijbylbyg_h[oh^bf \_^msbcDZd dhgdj_lguc l_kl y\aye kemqZci_chlguo kh[jZgbc fZ]h\Y kh]eZrZeky k l_fqlh gZwlbo kh[jZgbyofZ]b ijboh^beb d kh]eZr_gbx hlghkbl_evghijbjhû j_Zevghklb[_a dZdh]heb[h h[f_gZ keh\Zfbbeb agZdZbb ihwlhfmy ijbr_ed aZdexq_gbx qlh lml bkihevah\Zekyhq_gv fm^j_gucdh^ êy lh]hqlh[u mqZklgbdb ijbrebd lZdhfmkh]eZr_gbxY jZajZ[hlZe keh`gmx kbkl_fm êy lh]hqlh[u h[tykgblvwlb dhûb ijhp_^mjub ihwlhfm y \_jgmekyqlh[u gZ\_klblv^hgZ OmZgZb kijhkblv _]h ebqgh_fg_gb_ bkh\_l hlghkbl_evghfh_c jZ[hlu fZy ] Gbq_]h g_h[uqgh]h g_ ijhbahreh \h \j_fy fh_]h iml_r_kl\by d ^hgmOmZgmL_fi_jZlmjZ \imklug_ ij_\urZeZ b [ueZ hq_gv mlhfbl_evgZIhke_ h[_^Z `ZjZ klZeZ kiZ^Zlvbdh]^Z y\ gZqZe_\_q_jZ ih^t_oZed ^hfm ^hgZ OmZgZih^me ijhoeZ^guc\_l_jhdY g_hq_gv mklZeihwlhfm fu kb^_eb \ _]hdhfgZl_ bjZa]h\Zjb\ZebWlh [ue g_ lhl jZa]h\hjdhlhjuc fg_ohl_ehkv [uaZibku\ZlvnZdlbq_kdby g_ iulZeky \deZû\Zlv \ k\hb keh\Z [hevrhc kfuke beb agZq_gb_Fu ]h\hjbebh ih]h^_mjh`Z__]h \gmd_bg^_cpZo ydbf_dkbdZgkdhf ijZ\bl_evkl\_Y kdZaZe^hgm OmZgmdZd kbevgh fg_gjZ\blky lhhkh[h_ hsms_gb_dhlhjh_ ihemqZ_rv dh]^Z jZa]h\Zjb\Z_rv\ l_fghl_ Hg kdZaZeqlh wlhfh_ m^h\hevkl\b_hkgh\Zgh gZ fh_c [heleb\hc gZlmj_qlh fg_e_]dh ex[blv[helh\gx \ l_fghl_ ihlhfm qlh[helh\gy wlh _^bgkl\_ggh_qlh yfh]m ^_eZlv\ lZdh_ \j_fykb^y jy^hfk gbfY \hajZabeqlh wlh [hevr_ q_f ijhklhcZdl jZa]h\hjZlhqlh fg_gjZ\blkyY kdZaZe qlh f_gygZkeZ`^Z_l m[Zxdb\Zxs__l_ieh l_fghlu\hdjm] gZk Hg kijhkbef_gyqlh y^_eZx ^hfZdh]^Z klZgh\blkyl_fghY hl\_lbeqlh \k_]^Z\dexqZx k\_lbeb \uoh`mgZ hk\_s_ggu_ mebpu ^hl_o ihjihdZ g_ijb^_l \j_fykiZlv HkdZaZe hgk g_^h\_jb_fy ^mfZeqlh lu gZmqbeky bkihevah\Zlvl_fghlm >ey q_]h__ fh`ghbkihevah\Zlv"kijhkbe y Hg kdZaZeqlh l_fghlZhg gZa\Ze__ l_fghlZ ^gy wlh emqr__ \j_fy êy lh]hqlh[u \b ^_ lv Hg ih^q_jdgme keh\h \ b^ _l vhkh[hc bglhgZpb_cY aZohl_e magZlvqlh hgohq_l wlbfkdZaZlvGh hg hl\_lbe qlh m`_kebrdhf iha^ghqlh[u \^Z\Zlvky\ wlhl\hijhk fZy ] DZd lhevdhy mljhfijhkgmekyy [_ah\kydbo \klmie_gbc jZkkdZaZe ^hgm OmZgmqlh kdhgkljmbjh\Ze kbkl_fm h[tykgyxsmx lhqlh bf__lf_klh gZ i_chlghf kh[jZgbb fblhl_Y \ayek\hb aZibkbb ijhq_e_fm lhqlh jZajZ[hlZe Hg l_ji_eb\hkemrZeihdZ yklZjZeky jZatykgblvk\hx ko_fm Y kqblZeqlh g_h[oh^bflZcguc ^bjb`_jêy lh]hqlh[u lZdbf h[jZahf gZkljhblv\k_o mqZklgbdh\qlh hgbijb^ml d ex[hfm aZ^Zgghfmkh]eZr_gbxY mdZaZeqlh ex^bijbkmlkl\mxl gZ fblhl_ êy lh]hqlh[u gZclbf_kdZeblh b _]h mjhdb hlghkbl_evgh ijZ\bevgh]hh[jZaZ `bagbIjb wlhf\k_ wlbex^b g_ h[f_gb\Zxlkyf_`^m kh[hcgb _^bgufkeh\hf beb`_klhfb \k_ `_ hgbgZoh^ylky \kh]eZkbb hlghkbl_evgh ijbkmlkl\by f_kdZeblh b_]h ki_pbnbq_kdh]hmjhdZIh djZcg_cf_j_ bf_ggh lZd [ueh gZ lhffblhl_gZ dhlhjhfy ijbkmlkl\h\Ze\k_ kh]eZkbebkvqlh f_kdZeblh ihy\bekyi_j_^ gbfbb ^Ze bf mjhd< k\h_febqghf hiul_y gZr_eqlh lZnhjfZdhlhjmx ijbgbfZ_l bg^b\b^mZevgh_ ihy\e_gb_ f_kdZeblhb _]h ihke_^mxsbc mjhd [ueb ihjZabl_evgh h^ghh[jZaguohly \Zjvbjh\Zeb ihkh^_j`Zgbx hlq_eh\_dZ dq_eh\_dmY g_ fh] bgZq_ h[tykgblv lZdhc ]hfh]_gghklbdZd ijbgy\ __ j_amevlZlhf kdjulhcb keh`ghcgZkljhcdb M f_gy mreh ihqlb^\Z qZkZgZ lhqlh[u ijhq_klv b h[tykgblv ^hgmOmZgm lmko_fmqlh ydhgkljmbjh\ZeDhgqbe y l_fqlh ihijhkbe _]h kdZaZlv k\hbfb keh\ZfbdZdh\Z ^_ckl\bl_evgh ijhp_^mjZêy ijb\_^_gbymqZklgbdh\ fblhlZ d kh]eZr_gbx Dh]^Z y aZdhgqbehg kdjb\bekyY ih^mfZeqlh hg ^he`gh [ulvkqblZ_l fhb h[tykg_gby \uau\Zxsbfbhg dZaZehkv[ue ]em[hdh ih]ehs_g jZafure_gbyfbIhke_ [eZ]hijbklhcgh]h fheqZgby ykijhkbe _]hqlh hg ^mfZ_l h fh_c b^__ Fhc \hijhk \g_aZighbaf_gbe _]h]jbfZkm gZmeu[dmZ aZl_f gZ jZkdZlbklucohohlY lh`_ihiulZeky aZkf_ylvky b g_j\gh kijhkbeqlh lmllZdh]h kf_rgh]h Lu mr_e\ klhjhgm\hkdebdgme hgaZq_f dlhlh [m^_l klZjZlvky dh]hlh gZkljZb\Zlv\ lZdh_\Z`gh_ \j_fy dZd fblhl"Lu ^mfZ_rvqlh \k_]^Z^mjZqZl kf_kdZeblh" GZ k_dmg^my ih^mfZeqlh hgmdehgqb\hgnZdlbq_kdb g_ hl\_qZegZ fhc\hijhk AZq_f dhfmeb[h gZkljZb\Zlv"kijhkbe mijyfh ^hg OmZgLu [uegZ fblhlZoLu ^he`_gagZlvqlh gbdlh g_ h[tykgye l_[_dZd qm\kl\h\Zlvbeb qlh^_eZlvgbdlhdjhf_ kZfh]h f_kdZeblh Y gZklZb\ZegZ lhfqlh lZdh_h[tykg_gb_ g_\hafh`ghb \gh\v ihijhkbe_]h jZkkdZaZlvfg_dZdbf h[jZahf^hklb]Z_lky kh]eZr_gb_ Y agZxaZq_f lu ijb_oZekdZaZe ^hg OmZg aZ]Z^hqguf lhghfy g_ fh]m ihfhqv l_[_ \ l\h_f aZljm^g_gbbihlhfm qlh g_ kms_kl\m_l gbdZdhc kbkl_fu gZkljhcdb Gh dZd `_ \k_wlb ex^b kh]eZrZxlky k l_fqlh f_kdZeblh ijbkmlkl\m_l" Hgb kh]eZrZxlkyihlhfmqlh \b ^y lkdZaZe ^hg OmZg^jZfZlbq_kdbIhq_fm [ul_[_ g_ihijbkmlkl\h\Zlv _s_ gZh^ghf fblhl_b g_ m\ b^ _l v kZfhfm" Y ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh wlh[ueZ eh\mrdZY g_ kdZaZe gbq_]h bhleh`be k\hbaZibkbHg g_gZklZb\Ze G_dhlhjh_ \j_fykimkly hgihijhkbe f_gyhl\_alb _]h d ^hfm h^gh]hba _]h^jma_c;hevrmx qZklv^gy fuijh\_eb lZf < oh^_ jZa]h\hjZ_]h ^jm]>`hg kijhkbef_gyqlh klZeh k fhbf bgl_j_khfd i_chlmIhqlb \hk_fve_l gZaZ^>`hg ^Z\Ze fg_ [Zlhgqbdbi_chlZ ijbfh_f i_j\hfhiul_>hg OmZgijbr_e fg_ gZihfhsv bkdZaZeqlh y^_eZx mki_ob Ih imlb gZaZ^ d^hfm ^hgOmZgZ y ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y h[yaZgguf k^_eZlvaZf_qZgb_ hlghkbl_evgh\hijhkZaZ^Zggh]h >`hghfb ykdZaZe kj_^bijhq_]hqlh mf_gy g_l gZf_j_gvy mqblvky q_fmeb[h ^Ze__h i_chl_ihlhfm qlh wlh lj_[m_l fm`_kl\Z lZdh]hkhjlZdhlhjh]h mf_gy g_lb qlhykdZaZ\ h k\h_f j_r_gbbdhgqblv mq_gb_^_ckl\bl_evgh wlh bf_e \ \b^m>hg OmZgmeu[gmeky bgbq_]h g_kdZaZeY ijh^he`Ze ]h\hjblvihdZ fug_ ih^t_oZebd ^hfm Fu k_ebgZ qbklh_f_klh i_j_^^\_jvx;ue l_ieucykguc ^_gvgh \_q_jhf [ue^hklZlhqgh hsmlbfuc \_l_jhdqlh[u qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[yijbylgh Ihq_fm l_[_gZ^h lZdmk_j^gh gZklZb\ZlvgZ wlhf" \g_aZigh kdZaZe^hg OmZgkdhevdh e_llu m`_]h\hjbrvqlh g_ ohq_rv[hevr_ mqblvky" Ljb Ihq_fm lulZd [_kihdhbrvkygZkq_l wlh]h" Y qm\kl\mxqlh ij_^Zxl_[y^hg OmZgGZ\_jgh ihwlhfm y\k_ \j_fyh[ wlhf]h\hjx Lu f_gyg_ ij_^Z_rv Lu h[fZgmeky \hfg_Y m[_`ZeY qm\kl\mxqlh y ih[_`^_g Lu ^_eZ_rvlhqlh fh`_rvDjhf_ lh]hlu _s_g_ [ue ih[_`^_gLhq_fm fg_gZ^h l_[ymqblvhq_gv ljm^ghIh djZcg_c f_j_y gZr_ewlhih`Zemc_s_ [he__ljm^gufq_f lu Gh lu^_j`Zeky aZwlh^hg OmZgFhc `_kemqZc bghc Y k^Zekyb ijbr_el_[y gZ\_klblvg_ ihlhfmqlh y ohqm mqblvkygh ebrv ihlhfmqlh y ohl_e ihijhkblv l_[y ijhykgblv g_dhlhju_fhf_glu \fh_c jZ[hl_ >hg OmZgk_dmg^m kfhlj_egZ f_gyZ aZl_fhl\_e \a]ey^ Lu ^he`_giha\heblv ûfdmm\_klb l_[ykdZaZe hgk gZ`bfhf G_l^hg OmZgy g_fh]m [hevr_ bkihevah\Zlv l\hc ûfhdY ^mfZxqlh y\u^hoky m`_ Lu _s_^Z`_ g_gZqZe Y kebrdhf[hxkv AgZqbllu [hbrvkyG_l gbq_]hgh\h]h \kljZo_G_ ^mfZc h lhfqlh lu[hbrvky>mfZc h qm^_kZo \b ^_ g vy Y bkdj_gg_ohl_e [u^mfZlv h[wlbo qm^_kZogh y g_ fh]mDh]^Z y^mfZx hl\h_f ûfd_lh yqm\kl\mx k\h_]hjh^Z lvfmgZieu\Zxsmx gZf_gyWlh dZd_keb [ugZ a_fe_g_ [ueh [hevr_ ex^_cgbdh]hd dhfm[u ih\_jgmlvkyL\hc ûfhd ihdZaZe fg_[_a^hgghklv h^bghq_kl\Z^hg OmZg Wlh g_\_jgh<havfbgZijbf_jf_gy>ufhd fhc heebZ yg_ hsmsZxlZdh]h h^bghq_kl\Z Gh lu^jm]hcLu ih[_^bek\hc kljZo >hg OmZgg_`gh ihoehiZef_gy ihie_qm Lu g_[hbrvkykdZaZe hgfy]dh?]h ]hehk g_k \ k_[_ kljZggh_h[\bg_gb_ JZa\_ ye]m hk\h_f kljZo_^hg OmZg" Fg_ g_l^_eZ ^he`bkdZaZeZ hgj_adhfg_ _klv ^_eh ^h dh_q_]h bgh]hIjbqbgZ lh]hqlh lu g_ ohq_rv mqblvkye_`bl g_\ lhfqlh lu[hbrvkyWlh qlhlh ^jm]h_ Y gZklhcqb\h ih^lZedb\Ze_]h kdZaZlvfg_qlh `_ wlh lZdh_Y kihjbek gbfgh hggbq_]h g_kdZaZehg ijhklh ljyk ]heh\hcdZd [ug_ \kbeZo ih\_jblvqlh yg_ agZxwlh kZf Y kdZaZe_fmqlhfh`_lwlh bg_jpbym^_j`b\Z_l f_gy hl mq_gbyHg aZohl_emagZlv agZq_gb_ keh\Z bg_jpbyY ijhq_e _fm \keh\Zj_l_g^_gpby fZl_jbbkhojZgylv ihdhc _keb hgZ\ ihdh_beb_keb hgZ^\b`_lkykhojZgylv ^\b`_gb_ \ lhf`_ gZijZ\e_gbb_keb gZg__ g_^_ckl\m_l dZdZygb[m^v ihklhjhggyy kbeZ ?keb gZg__ g_^_ckl\m_l dZdZygb[m^v ihklhjhggyy kbeZih\lhjbe hgWlhih`Zemcemqrb_ keh\Zdhlhju_ lu gZr_eY m`_]h\hjbe l_[_qlh lhevdh ûjy\uc ]hjrhd fh`_l \aylv gZk_[y aZ^ZqmklZlv q_eh\_dhf agZgby k\hbfb kh[kl\_ggufb kbeZfbQ_eh\_dZ klj_a\hc ]heh\hcgZ^h aZ\_klb \ mq_gb_obljhklyfb ljxdZfb Gh y m\_j_ggZreZkv [ufZkkZ ex^_cdhlhju_ k jZ^hklvx \ayeZ[u gZk_[y lZdmxaZ^ZqmkdZaZe y >Zgh \k_hgb g_\ kq_lHgb h[uqghm`_ klj_sbghc Hgb ih^h[gu ]ebgyguf omfZf[hevrb_ dm\rbgu êy \hû dhlhju_ kgZjm`b\u]ey^yl p_eufbgh ihl_dml\ lm`_ fbgmlm dZd lhevdhijbeh`blv dgbf ^Z\e_gb_dZd lhevdhgZihegblv bo \h^hcFg_ h^gZ`ûijbrehkv \\_klbl_[y \mq_gb_ obljhklvx l_f `_ kZfufkihkh[hfdZdbf fhc[_g_nZdlhj \\_e f_gy< ijhlb\ghf kemqZ_ lu g_ gZmqbeky[u b lhfmqlh agZ_rv k_cqZkFh`_l [ulvijbreh \j_fy\gh\v ijbf_gblv d l_[_ obljhklv Obljhklvh dhlhjhchg gZihfgbe[ueZ h^gbfba kZfuo gZijy`_gguo wlZih\ fh_]h mq_gbq_kl\ZWlh ijhbahreh m`_ g_kdhevdh e_lgZaZ^gh \fh_f fha]m\k_ wlh_s_ klhev`b\h dZd _keb [u kemqbehkvlhevdh qlhIml_f hq_gv bkdmkguo fZgbimeypbc ^hgOmZg aZklZ\bef_gy h^gZ`û\hclb \ijyfh_ b m`Zkgh_ klhedgh\_gb_k `_gsbghcbf_\r_c j_imlZpbxdhe^mgvb Klhedgh\_gb_ ijb\_ehd ]em[hdhc\jZ`^_[ghklb k__ klhjhgu >hg OmZg ihevah\Zeky fhbf kljZohf wlhc `_gsbgudZd fhlb\bjh\dhc êylh]hqlh[u ijh^he`Zlvmq_gb_ml\_j`^Zy qlh y^he`_g mqblvky^Zevr_ fZ]bbêy lh]hqlh[u aZsbsZlv k_[y hl __ fZ]bq_kdbogZiZ^_gbcDhg_qguc j_amevlZl _]h obljhklb[ue klhev m[_^bl_evgufqlh y bkdj_gg_ ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh g_ bf_xgbdZdh]h ^jm]h]h \uoh^ZdZd lhevdh mqblvky \k_ [hevr_ b [hevr__keb lhevdh ohqm hklZlvky \`b\uo ?keb luohq_rv im]Zlvf_gy hiylvwlhc `_gsbghclh y ijhklh g_ijb_^m [hevr_kdZaZe y Kf_o ^hgOmZgZ [uehq_gv \_k_euf G_ ]hjxckdZaZe hgh[h^jyxs_Ljxdb kh kljZohf [hevr_ g_ ijhc^mlk lh[hcLu [hevr_g_ [hbrvkyGh _keb ihgZ^h[blkylh dl_[_ fh`ghijbf_gblv obljhklv]^_ m]h^gh L_[_ ^Z`_g_ gZ^hijbkmlkl\h\Zlv ijbwlhf Hg aZeh`be jmdbaZ ]heh\mb e_]kiZlvY jZ[hlZe gZ^ k\hbfb aZibkyfbihdZ hgg_ ijhkgmekyq_j_a iZjmqZkh\D wlhfm \j_f_gb klZehihqlb l_fghAZf_lb\qlh yibkZehg k_e ijyfhbmeu[Zykvkijhkbe f_gy\uibkZeky eby bak\h_c ijh[e_fu fZy ] Fu jZa]h\Zjb\Zeb h[HZdkZd_Y jZkkdZaZe^hgm OmZgm qlh h^gZ`û yijb[ue \wlhl ]hjh^\ [ZaZjguc ^_gv^_gv dh]^Z lheiubg^_cp_\ kh\k_c hdjm]bkl_dZxlky \]hjh^qlh[u ijh^Z\Zlv ibsmb jZagh]hjh^Z f_ehqb Y mihfygmeqlh hkh[h aZbgl_j_kh\Zeky q_eh\_dhf ijh^Zxsbf e_dZjkl\_ggu_jZkl_gbyHg ghkbe^_j_\ygguc ehlhd \ dhlhjhf [ue p_euc jy^ [Zghq_dfZe_gvdbok kmobfb lheq_gufb jZkl_gbyfbhg klhyeihkj_^b mebpu^_j`Z h^gm [Zghqdm b\udjbdb\Zy hq_gvaZ[Z\gmx i_k_gdm KhklZ\ ijhlb\fmodhfZjh\ bde_s_c KhklZ\u êydhadhjh\ehrZ^_c bk\bg_c E_dZjkl\Z hl\k_o [he_ag_cex^_c Bkp_eyxl dZr_evijhklj_ej_\fZlbaf bm]jb ?klv e_dZjkl\Zêy i_q_gbk_j^pZ`_em^dZ]jm^b Ihôh^bl_ [eb`_e_^b b^`_gl_evf_gu KhklZ\ ijhlb\fmo[ehodhfZjh\ bde_s_c Y ^he]h_ \j_fy kemrZe_]h?]h j_deZfZ khklhyeZ ba êbggh]h i_j_qgyq_eh\_q_kdbo [he_ag_cijhlb\ dhlhjuodZd hg ml\_j`^Zem g_]h_klv p_e_[gu_kj_^kl\Zêy lh]hqlh[u ijb^Zlv jblf k\h_c i_k_gd_hg ^_eZe iZmam ihke_ i_j_qbke_gby dZ`ûoq_luj_o [he_ag_c >hg OmZg lh`_ ijh^Z\Ze e_dZjkl\_ggu_ jZkl_gby \ HZdkZd_dh]^Z [uefhehûfHg kdZaZeqlh _s_ihfgbl k\hx j_deZfgmx i_k_gdmb ijhdjbqZe__ fg_Hg kdZaZeqlh kh k\hbf ^jm]hf<bk_glhf hgbh[uqgh khklZ\eyeb^mwlu Y jZkkdZaZe ^hgmOmZgmqlh \h\j_fy h^ghc ba k\hbo ih_a^hd ihF_dkbd_y \klj_lbe_]h ^jm]Z<bk_glZ>hg OmZg dZaZehkv[ue m^b\e_gb aZohl_emagZlv h[wlhf ih[hevr_ Y _oZeq_j_a ^mjZg]h\ lhljZa b\kihfgbeqlh ^hgOmZg jZkkdZau\Ze fg_ h^gZ`ûqlh dh]^Zgb[m^v fg_ gZ^h [m^_l ih\b^Zlv _]h ^jm]Zdhlhjuc `be\ wlhf]hjh^d_Y ihbkdZe _]h bgZr_e bg_dhlhjh_ \j_fyk gbfjZa]h\Zjb\ZeI_j_^ fhbf hlt_a^hf hg^Ze fg_k_ldm kg_kdhevdbfb jZkl_gbyfbb k_jbx gZklZ\e_gbc hlghkbl_evghlh]hdZd ihkZ^blvbo Ih imlb\ ]hjh^Z]mZk dZev_gl_ky hklZgh\befZrbgmY m[_^bekyqlh \hdjm]gbdh]h g_lIh djZcg_cf_j_ \ l_q_gb_ fbgml yke_^be aZ^hjh]hc bhdjm`ghklvx< \b^mg_ [ueh gb h^gh]h^hfZ bgbdZdh]h kdhlZiZkms_]hky \[ebab^hjh]bY hklZgh\beky gZ \_jrbg_ g_[hevrh]h ohefZhlkx^Z y fh] gZ[ex^Zlv \kx ^hjh]m \i_j_^b b ihaZ^b f_gyHgZ [ueZ imkluggZ \h[hbo gZijZ\e_gbyogZklhevdhgZkdhevdh yfh] __ \b^_lv Y ih^h`^Ze g_kdhevdhfbgmlqlh[u khjb_glbjh\Zlvky b \kihfgblv bgkljmdpbb^hgZ <bk_glZ Y \ayeh^gh bajZkl_gbcijhr_e gZdZdlmkh\h_ ihe_ gZ djZx ^hjh]bb ihkZ^be_]h lZfdZd kdZaZefg_ ^hg<bk_glM f_gy [ueZ k kh[hc [mluedZfbg_jZevghc \hûdhlhjhc y gZf_j_\Zeky iheblvjZkl_gb_Y ihiulZekyhldjulv __hl[b\ ]hjeurdh `_e_adhcdhlhjhc ydhiZe yfmb hkdhehd kl_deZ aZ^_e fhx\_jogxx ]m[maZklZ\b\ __djh\hlhqblv Y ihr_egZaZ^ dfZrbg_ aZ^jm]hc [mluedhc fbg_jZevghc \hûDh]^Z y \ugbfZe __ ba [Z]Z`gbdZhdheh f_gy hklZgh\beky Z\lhfh[bevnhevdk\Z]_gb \h^bl_evkijhkbeg_ gm`gZ eb fg_ ihfhsvY kdZaZeqlh \k_\ ihjy^d_b hg m_oZeY \_jgmekyiheblv jZkl_gb_Z aZl_fkjZam ihr_egZaZ^ d k\h_cfZrbg_ Dh]^Z y [uehl g__f_ljZo \lh \g_aZigh mkeurZe ]hehkZY ihki_rbeih kdehgmgZ rhkk_b m\b^_ehdheh fZrbgu ljhbo f_dkbdZgp_\ ^\mo fm`qbgb h^gm`_gsbgmH^bg ba fm`qbg kb^_egZ i_j_^g_f[Zfi_j_?fmih`Zemc[ueh hdheh e_lhg [uekj_^g_]h jhklZk q_jgufb\vxsbfbky \hehkZfb GZ kibg_ hg g_k k\_jlhdgZ g_f [ueb klZju_ [jxdb b baghr_ggZy jhah\ZlZyjm[ZrdZ?]h [hlbgdb[ueb g_ aZ\yaZgu bih`Zemckebrdhf \_ebdbêy g_]hHgb dZaZebkvoey[Zxsbfb b g_m^h[gufbHg h[eb\Zekyihlhf>jm]hc fm`qbgZ klhye f_ljZo \ r_klbhl fZrbguHg [ue[he__ lhgdhdhklgucq_f i_j\ucb gb`__]h?]h \hehku[ueb ijyfu_b aZq_kZgugZaZ^ Hg g_kaZ kibghck\_jlhd ihf_gvr_b [ueklZjr_ih`Zemce_l ih^ iylv^_kylHg kh\k_fg_ \kihl_eb dZaZekyhlj_r_gguf b g_aZbgl_j_kh\Zgguf @_gsbg_dZaZehkvlh`_ [uehaZ khjhdHgZ [ueZlheklZy b l_fgZyH^_lZ hgZ[ueZ \q_jgmx x[dm[_euc k\bl_j b hkljhdhg_qgu_ lmnebM g_c g_ [ueh k\_jldZgh [ue ljZgabklhjguc ijb_fgbdHgZ dZaZeZkvhq_gv mklZehcb ebph__ [ueh ihdjulhdZieyfb ihlZ Dh]^Z y ih^hr_elh `_gsbgZ b fm`qbgZ ihfheh`_ h[jZlbebkv dh fg_Hgb ohl_ebqlh[ boih^\_aebY kdZaZe bfqlh mf_gy \fZrbg_ g_lf_klZY ihdZaZebfqlh aZ^g__ kb^_gv_ m f_gyiheghklvx aZ]jm`_ghb f_klZ ^_ckl\bl_evgh kh\k_f g_ hklZ\ZehkvFm`qbgZ ij_êh`beqlh _keby ih_^m f_ê_gghlh hgbfh]ml ijbfhklblvkygZ aZ^g_f[Zfi_j_ beb _oZlve_`Z gZ i_j_^g_f dZihl_Y ihkqblZe wlm b^_x g_\uihegbfhcH^gZdh\ boijhkv[_ [ueZlZdZy kjhqghklvqlh y ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y hq_gv g_m^h[ghY ^Ze bf ^_g_] gZ Z\lh[mkgu_ [be_lu Fm`qbgZ ihfheh`_ \aye^_gv]bih[eZ]h^Zjb\ f_gygh klZjrbc kg_ijbyagvx ih\_jgmekydh fg_kibghc Y ohqmqlh[ f_gyih^\_aebkdZaZe hgy g_ aZbgl_j_kh\Zg \^_gv]Zo AZl_f hgih\_jgmeky dhfg_ Fh`_l_ \u^Zlv gZfg_fgh]h ibsbb \hû"kijhkbe hg M f_gy^_ckl\bl_evgh g_q_]h[ueh bf^ZlvHgb ihklhyeb g_fgh]h]ey^y gZf_gyZ aZl_fihreb ijhqv Y aZe_a\ fZrbgmb ihiulZekyaZ\_klb fhlhj@ZjZ [ueZ hq_gv kbevghcb y\b^bfhi_j_dZqZe [_gabgFm`qbgZ ihfheh`_ hklZgh\bekymkeurZ\ kdj_`_l klZjl_jZ\_jgmeky gZaZ^ b \klZe ihaZ^bfZrbgu]hlh\uc ih^lhedgmlv __Y qm\kl\h\Ze h]jhfgh_ g_m^h[kl\hY gZqZe aZ]gZggh ûrZlv GZdhg_pfhlhj aZjZ[hlZeb ymdZlbe Ihke_ lh]hdZd yhdhgqbe k\hcjZkkdZa^hg OmZg^he]h fheqZe Ihq_fm lug_ jZkkdZaZefg_ h[wlhf jZgvr_"kijhkbe hgg_ ]ey^ygZ f_gy Y g_agZeqlh kdZaZlvY ih`Zeie_qZfb bkdZaZe _fm qlh gbdh]^Zg_ kqblZeqlh lml_klv qlheb[h \Z`gh_wlh q_jlh\kdb \Z`ghkdZaZe hg<bk_gl i_j\hdeZkkguc fZ] Hg ^Zel_[_ qlhlh ihkZ^blvihlhfm qlhm g_]h[ueb gZ wlh k\hb ijbqbguB _keblu \klj_lbelj_o q_eh\_ddhlhju_ dZaZehkv\ukdhqbeb bagbhldm^ZkjZam ihke_lh]hdZd lu ihkZ^be wlhlh wlhfmlZd`_ [ueZk\hy ijbqbgZGh lhevdh lZdhc ^mjZddZd lug_ h[jZlblgZ bgpb^_gl\gbfZgby b[m^_l kqblZlvqlh gbq_]h\Z`gh]h g_[ueh Hg aZohl_emagZlv lhqghqlh bf_gghbf_eh f_klhdh]^Z y gZ\_klbe<bk_glZ Y jZkkdZaZe _fmqlh y_oZe q_j_a]hjh^ b ijh_a`Ze [ZaZjFg_ ijbreZ\ ]heh\mfukev \a]eygmlvgZ ^hgZ<bk_glZ Y ijhr_e gZ [ZaZj b ih^hr_e d jy^m]^_ lhj]h\Zeb e_dZjkl\_ggufb jZkl_gbyfbLZf [uehljb klheZ\ jy^gh lhj]h\Zeb lZfljb lheklu_`_gsbguY ijhr_e^h dhgpZijhoh^Z b h[gZjm`be _s_h^gm klhcdmaZ m]ehfLZf ym\b^_e lhs_]h lhgdhdhklgh]h k_^h]h fm`qbgm< wlhlfhf_gl hg ijh^Z\Ze `_gsbg_ ilbqvxde_ldm Y ih^h`^ZeihdZ hgg_ hk\h[h^bekyb aZl_fkijhkbeg_ agZ_l eb hg^hgZ <bk_glZF_^jZghHg kfhlj_egZ f_gyg_ hl\_qZy Qlh \uohlbl_ hlwlh]h <bk_glZF_^jZgh"kijhkbe hg gZdhg_p Y kdZaZeqlh yijbr_e gZ\_klblv_]h hl_]h ^jm]Z b gZa\Ze _fmbfy ^hgZOmZgZKlZjbd k_dmg^mkfhlj_e gZf_gyZ aZl_f hg kdZaZeqlh hgb _klv<bk_gl F_^jZghb qlh hg d fhbf mkem]ZfHg ihijhkbef_gy k_klvHgdZaZehkv[ue ^h\he_ghq_gv jZkkeZ[e_gb bkdj_gg_^jm`_kl\_g_gY kdZaZe _fm hfh_c ^jm`[_k ^hghfOmZghfY ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh f_`^m gZfb lml`_ \hagbdebmau kbfiZlbbHg kdZaZeqlh agZ_l^hgZ OmZgZ kl_o ihjdZd bfh[hbf [uehih e_lM ^hgZ<bk_glZ [ueb lhevdh keh\Z iho\Zeuh ^hg_OmZg_D dhgpm gZr_]h jZa]h\hjZ hgkdZaZe k^jh`vx \]hehk_ >hg OmZg bklbgguc q_eh\_dagZgbyKZf y ebrv g_fgh]h aZgbfZekykbeZfb jZkl_gbcY \k_]^Zbgl_j_kh\Zeky bo e_q_[gufb k\hckl\ZfbY ^Z`_kh[bjZe [hlZgbq_kdb_ dgb]b dhlhju_ ijh^Zeebrv g_^Z\gh Fbgmlm hg fheqZeHg iZjmjZa ihl_jk\hc ih^[hjh^hd DZaZehkvhg ihûkdb\Z_lgm`gh_ keh\h Fh`gh kdZaZlvqlh y\k_]h ebrvq_eh\_d ebjbq_kdh]h agZgbykdZaZe hgY g_dZd ^hgOmZgfhc bg^_ckdbc [jZl >hg <bk_gl fheqZe _s_fbgmlm?]h ]eZaZ [e_kl_eb b kfhlj_eb gZa_fex ke_\Zhl f_gyAZl_f hgih\_jgmeky dhfg_ b kdZaZeihqlb r_ihlhf HdZd \ukhdhiZjbl fhcbg^_ckdbc kh[jZl >hg <bk_glih^gyekyDZaZehkvgZr jZa]h\hj aZdhgq_g ?keb [u dlhgb[m^v ^jm]hc ^_eZe ml\_j`^_gby gZkq_l bg^_ckdh]h [jZlZlh yijbgye [uwlh ijhklh aZ ^_r_\h_ debr_H^gZdhlhg ^hgZ<bk_glZ [ueklhev bkdj_g_gb ]eZaZ _]h [ueb klhev ykguqlh hgaZo\Zlbe f_gy dZjlbghc _]h bg^_ckdh]h [jZlZiZjys_]h klhev\ukhdhB yih\_jbeqlh hg kdZaZe bf_gghlhqlh bf_e\ \b^m Ebjbq_kdh_ agZgb_\hkdebdgme ^hgOmZgdh]^Z y jZkkdZaZe _fm\k_<bk_gl [jmohAZq_f luihr_e gZ\_sZlv _]h" Y gZihfgbe_fm _]hkeh\Zqlh fg_gZ^h gZ\_klblv ^hgZ <bk_glZ Wlh Z[kmj^\hkdebdgme hg^jZfZlbq_kdby kdZaZe l_[_ dh]^Zgb[m^vdh]^Z lu[m^_rv agZlvdZd \b ^ _l vlu gZ\_klbrvfh_]h ^jm]Z<bk_glZ<hlqlh y kdZaZeHq_\b^ghqlh lug_ kemrZe Y \hajZabeqlh g_\b`m \j_^Z\ lhfqlh gZ\_klbe^hgZ <bk_glZqlh y[ue hqZjh\Zg_]h fZg_jZfbb _]h^h[jhlhc>hg OmZg ihljyk]heh\hc baklhjhgu \klhjhgmb ihemj_[yq_kdbf lhghf \ujZabe k\h_ m^b\e_gb_ lhfmqlh hg gZa\Ze fh_c ke_ihc m^Zq_cHg kdZaZeqlh fhc\babl d ^hgm <bk_glm kjZ\gbf k \oh`^_gb_f \ ev\bgmx de_ldm\hhjm`_gghfm ijmlbdhf>hg OmZg dZaZeky\ha[m`^_gguf bh^gZdh `_y gbdZd g_ \b^_e lhfm ijbqbg>hg <bk_gl [ue ij_djZkguc q_eh\_dHg dZaZekylZdbf ojmidbf?]h kljZggh hohlysb_ky ]eZaZdZaZehkv^_eZeb _]hihqlb wn_f_jgufY kijhkbe^hgZ OmZgZdZdbf h[jZahflZdhc ij_djZkgucq_eh\_d fh`_l [ulv hiZkguf Lu g_bae_qbfuc^mjZdkdZaZe hgb \a]eygme `_kldh gZ k_dmg^mKZf ihk_[_ hgg_ klZg_l ijbqbgylv l_[_ gbdZdh]h \j_^ZGh agZgb_wlh kbeZB _kebq_eh\_d \klZe gZ ^hjh]m agZgbylh hg[hevr_ g_hl\_lkl\_g_g aZlhqlh fh`_l kemqblvky k l_fbdlh \oh^blk gbf \ dhglZdlLu ^he`_g [ue gZ\_klblv_]h lh]^Zdh]^Z magZ_rv ^hklZlhqgh qlh[u aZsblblvk_[yg_ hlg_]hgh hllhc kbeudhlhjmx hg kdhgp_gljbjh\Ze bdhlhjZydklZlbg_ ijbgZê_`blgb _fm b gbdhfm ^jm]hfmMkeurZ\qlh lufhc ^jm]<bk_gl aZdexqbe qlh lufh`_rv aZsblblvk_[y bk^_eZe l_[_ih^Zjhd<_jhylgh lu _fmihgjZ\bekyb hgk^_eZe l_[_\_ebdbc ih^ZjhdZ lug_ \hkihevah\Zeky bfDZdZy `Zehklv fZy ] Y gZ^h_^Ze^hgm OmZgmihqlb \_kv^_gvijhkyqlh[u hg jZkkdZaZe fg_ hih^Zjd_ ^hgZ<bk_glZY kZfufb jZaebqgufb kihkh[Zfb ihdZau\Ze_fmqlh hg^he`_g mq_klvjZaebqby f_`^m gZfblhqlh kZfh kh[hcihgylgh êy g_]hfh`_l [ulv kh\_jr_ggh g_\hkijbgbfZ_fufêy f_gy Kdhevdh jZkl_gbc hgl_[_ ^Ze"kijhkbe hg f_gy gZdhg_pY kdZaZe q_luj_gh \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb y g_ aZihfgbeLh]^Z ^hgOmZg aZohl_emagZlv lhqghqlh ijhbahreh ihke_ lh]hdZd yihdbgme ^hgZ<bk_glZ b^h lh]hdZd y hklZgh\beky m^hjh]b <Z`gh dhebq_kl\hjZkl_gbcZ lZd`_ihjy^hd kh[ulbc kdZaZe hgdZd yfh]m l_[_kdZaZlvqlh wlh [ue aZ ih^Zjhd_keb lug_ ihfgbrvlh]hqlh kemqbehkv Y [_amki_rghiulZeky \bamZebabjh\Zlvihke_^h\Zl_evghklv kh[ulbc ?keb [ulu ihfgbe\k_qlh kemqbehkvkdZaZe hg lh yih djZcg_cf_j_fh] [ul_[_ kdZaZlvdZd luhl[jhkbe k\hc ih^Zjhd >hg OmZgdZaZehkv[ue hq_gvjZkkljh_gHg g_l_ji_eb\h lhjhibe f_gy\kihfgblvgh iZfylvfhy [ueZkh\_jr_ggh imklZ DZd lu^mfZ_rvqlh yk^_eZe g_ijZ\bevgh^hg OmZg" kdZaZe yijhklh êylh]hqlh[u ijh^he`blvjZa]h\hj <k_ Gh yke_^h\Ze bgkljmdpbyf^hgZ <bk_glZ[md\Zevgh Qlh `ba wlh]h"JZa\_ lug_ ihgbfZ_rvqlh ke_^h\Zlv _]h bgkljmdpbyf[ueh [_kkfuke_ggh" Ihq_fm" Ihlhfm qlhwlb bgkljmdpbb[ueb êylh]hdlh mf__l \ b^ _l vZ g_ êy b^bhlZdhlhjuc \uj\Zeky ba kblmZpbbg_ ihl_jy\k\hx `bagvlhevdh [eZ]h^Zjy\_a_gbxLu ijb_oZe ih\b^Zlv<bk_glZ [_aih^]hlh\dbLu _fmihgjZ\beky b hg k^_eZel_[_ ih^ZjhdB wlhlih^Zjhd e_]dhfh] klhblv l_[_ `bagb Gh aZq_f`_ hg^Ze fg_qlhlh klhevk_jv_agh_"?keb hg fZ]lh hg^he`_g [ue[u agZlvqlh ygbq_]h g_agZx G_lhg g_fh] wlh]hm\b^_lvLu \u]ey^brvlZddZd [m^lh luagZ_rvgh \^_ckl\bl_evghklb luagZ_rv g_fgh]h Y kdZaZeqlh bkdj_gg_m[_`^_gqlh gb]^_ gbq_]h g_ kljhbe bak_[yih djZcg_cf_j_khagZl_evgh Y g_ wlhbf_x \\b^mkdZaZe hg_keb [u lu qlhlh ba k_[y kljhbelh <bk_glm\b^_e [uwlhDh]^Z y \ b` m l_[ylh lu\u]ey^brv êyf_gy lZddZd _keb[u lu agZe hq_gvfgh]h_bh^gZdhy kZfagZxqlh wlhg_ lZd Qlh ydZaZehkv [uagZx^hg OmZg" K_dj_lu kbeudhg_qghagZgb_ [jmohIhwlhfmdh]^Z <bk_gl m\ b^ _e l_[ylh hgk^_eZe l_[_ih^ZjhdZ lu ^_ckl\h\Ze k wlbfih^ZjdhfdZd kh[ZdZ^_ckl\m_l k ibs_c dh]^Z [jxoh __ iheghKh[ZdZ kkulgZ ibsmdh]^Z hgZ g_ ohq_l [hevr_ _klvêy lh]hqlh[u ^jm]b_kh[Zdb g_ kt_eb __LZd blu ihkkZegZ ih^ZjhdL_i_jv fugbdh]^Z g_magZ_f qlh bf_ehf_klh \^_ckl\bl_evghklbLu fgh]h_ihl_jyeDZdZy `Zehklv G_dhlhjh_ \j_fy hg [ue kihdh_gAZl_f i_j_^_jgme ie_qZfb bmeu[gmeky G_l ihevauhl `ZehklbkdZaZe hgIh^Zjdb kbeu \klj_qZxlky \`bagb lZdj_^dhhgb mgbdZevgub ^jZ]hp_ggu <havfbgZijbf_j f_gygbdlh gbdh]^Zg_ ^Z\Ze fg_ lZdbo ih^Zjdh\B yagZx hq_gvg_fgh]h ex^_cdhlhju_ dh]^Zeb[h ihemqZeb lZdhcih^Zjhd;jhkZlvky q_flh klhevmgbdZevguf klu^gh Y \b`mqlh luohq_rv kdZaZlv^hg OmZgkdZaZe y ?klv eb qlheb[hqlh yfh]m k^_eZlvqlh[u \ujmqblv ih^Zjhd" Hg aZkf_yeky b g_kdhevdh jZa ih\lhjye\_jgmlv ih^Zjhd Wlh a\mqbla^hjh\hkdZaZe hgfg_ wlhgjZ\blky H^gZdhg_l gbq_]hqlh [ufh`gh [uehk^_eZlvqlh[u \_jgmlv l\hc ih^Zjhd fZy ] K_]h^gy ^hgOmZg ihljZlbeihqlb \k_\j_fy gZlhqlh[u ihdZaZlv fg_dZd kh[bjZlvijhklu_ eh\mrdb êy fZe_gvdbo `b\hlguoIhqlb \k_mljh fukj_aZeb bhqbsZeb \_ldbM f_gy \ ]heh\_\_jl_ehkv fgh`_kl\h\hijhkh\Y iulZeky]h\hjblv k gbfihdZ fujZ[hlZebgh hgihrmlbekdZaZ\qlh ba gZk ^\hbo lhevdhy fh]mh^gh\j_f_ggh ^\b]Zlvb jmdZfbb jlhf GZdhg_pfu k_ebhl^hogmlvb y\ahj\Zeky \hijhkZfb Qlh wlhlZdh_ agZqbl \b ^_ lv ^hg OmZg" Hg klZe]h\hjblv h \b ^_ gv bdZd h ijhp_kk_ g_aZ\bkbfhf hl heeb bhl l_ogbdbfZ]bbFZ] [ueh ebph dhlhjh_ fh]eh dhfZg^h\Zlv heeb blZdbf h[jZahf fZgbimebjh\Zlv heeb k_[_gZ ihevamGh lhlnZdlqlh fZ] dhfZg^m_l heebg_ hagZqZeqlh hgfh`_l \b ^_ lv Y gZihfgbe _fmqlh hg ]h\hjbe jZgvr_qlh g_\hafh`gh \ b^ _l v_keb g_ bf__rvheeb>hg OmZg kihdhcgh aZf_lbeqlh hgijbr_e d\u\h^mqlh \hafh`gh \b ^_ lv b g_ dhfZg^h\Zlv heebHg qm\kl\h\Zeqlh g_l gbdZdhc ijbqbguihq_fm [ug_ lZdihlhfm qlh \b ^_ gv _ g_ bf__l gbq_]h h[s_]h k fZgbimeypbhgghc l_ogbdhc fZ]bb dhlhjZy kem`bl ebrv êy lh]hqlh[u \ha^_ckl\h\Zlv gZ hdjm`Zxsbo ex^_c DZd wlhlZdqlh l_ogbdZ\b^_gvy g_\ha^_ckl\m_l gZ hdjm`Zxsbo ex^_c^hg OmZg" Y m`_]h\hjbe l_[_qlh \b ^_ gv _ wlh g_ fZ]byB h^gZdh`_bo e_]dhkimlZlvihlhfm qlh q_eh\_d dhlhjuc \b ^b lfh`_l gZmqblvkymijZ\eylv heeb b klZlv fZ]hf ijZdlbq_kdb kjZamg_ aZljZlb\ gbkdhevdh \j_f_gbK ^jm]hc klhjhguq_eh\_d fh`_l gZmqblvky hij_^_e_gghc l_ogbd_ êy lh]hqlh[u dhfZg^h\Zlv heeb b lZdbf h[jZahf klZlv fZ]hfb \k_`_ hgfh`_l gbdh]^Z g_ gZmqblvky \b ^_ lv D lhfm `_ \b ^_ gv _ ijhlb\hiheh`gh fZ]bb< b^ _g v_ ^Z_l ihgylv g_\Z`ghklv \k_]hwlh]h G_\Z`ghklv q_]h^hg OmZg" G_\Z`ghklv \k_]h >hg OmZg [jhkbe \_kv wlhl jZa]h\hjkdZaZ\qlh \ b^ _g v_ h dhlhjhfhg ]h\hjblwlh g_ ijhklh_ kfhlj_gb_ gZ\_sb bqlh fh_g_ihgbfZgb_ ijhbajZklZ_lba fh_c gZklhcqb\hklb ]h\hjblv G_kdhevdh qZkh\kimkly ^hgOmZg hiylv\_jgmeky d l_f_ heebY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh _]hdZdbflh h[jZahfjZa^jZ`Zxl fhb \hijhkuihwlhfm y [hevr_g_ gZ`bfZegZ g_]hHg lh]^Z ihdZau\Ze fg_dZd ^_eZlveh\mrdm êydjhebdh\fg_ gZ^h [ueh ^_j`Zlv êbggmx iZedmb k]b[Zlv__ gZkdhevdh fh`gh kbevg__lZdqlh[u hgfh] ijb\yaZlvd dhgpZfiZedb rgmj IZedZ [ueZ ^h\hevgh lhgdhcgh \k_ `_ lj_[h\ZeZkv agZqbl_evgZy kbeZqlh[u kh]gmlv__Fhb jmdb b ]heh\Z ^jh`Zeb hlgZijy`_gbyb yihqlb \u^hokyd lhfm\j_f_gbdZd hg ijb\yaZegZdhg_prgmj Fu mk_ebkvb hggZqZe ]h\hjblvHg kdZaZeqlh _fm ykghqlh ygbq_]h g_fh]m mjZamf_lv^h l_oihjihdZ g_ h[]h\hjx wlhb ihwlhfmhg g_\hajZ`Z_l ijhlb\fhbo \hijhkh\ b kh[bjZ_lkyjZkkdZaZlv fg_h[ heeb Heeb g_ \ûfd_kdZaZe hgûfhd [_j_l l_[y lm^Z]^_ gZoh^blkyheebZ dh]^Zlu klZg_rvk heeb h^gbf p_euflh l_[_[hevr_ g_ihgZ^h[blky dmjblvK wlboihj lu kfh`_rv ijbau\Zlv k\h_]hheeb ih`_eZgbx baZklZ\eylv _]h ^_eZlv \k_qlh ih`_eZ_rvHeeb g_iehob_ bg_ ohjhrb_gh bkihevamxlky fZ]Zfb êylhc p_ebêy dZdhchgb gZc^ml bo ijb]h^gufbFg_ gjZ\blkyûfhddZd heebihlhfm qlhhg g_ lj_[m_l hlf_gy fgh]h]hHg ihklhyg_gb q_kl_g DZdbf lu \b^brv heeb^hg OmZg"L_ ljh_ ex^_c dhlhjuo ygZijbf_j\b^_e\u]ey^_eb êy f_gy h[uqgufb ex^vfbdZd [uhgb \u]ey^_ebêy l_[y" Hgb \u]ey^_eb[u h[uqgufbex^vfb Gh lh]^Z dZd`_ lufh`_rv hlebqblvbo hl h[uqguo ex^_c" H[uqgu_ ex^b\u]ey^yl k\_lysbfbkyycpZfbdh]^Z lu \ b^ br v boG_ ex^b\k_]^Z \u]ey^yldZd ex^b<hl qlh y bf_e \ \b^mdh]^Z kdZaZeqlh lu g_ fh`_rv m\ b ^ _l v heebHeeb ijbgbfZxljZagmx nhjfmHgb \u]ey^yl dZd kh[Zdbdhchluilbpu^Z`_ dZdj_i_cgbdb bebqlh m]h^gh ^jm]h_?^bgkl\_ggh_ jZaebqb_ \ lhfqlh dh]^Z lu \ b^ br v bolh hgb\u]ey^yl kh\_jr_gghlZddZd lh nhjfm q_]hhgb ijbgbfZxl<k_ bf__lk\hx kh[kl\_ggmx nhjfm [ulbydh]^Z lu \b ^b rv Lhqgh lZd`_dZd ex^b \u]ey^yl ycpZfb^jm]b_ \_sb\u]ey^yldZd qlheb[h _s_gh heeb fh`gh \b^_lv lhevdh \ lhc nhjf_dhlhjmx hgb bah[jZ`ZxlWlZ nhjfZ ^hklZlhqghohjhrZqlh[u h[fZgmlv ]eZaZgZrb ]eZaZlh _klvKh[ZdZ gbdh]^Zg_ h[fZg_lky b lhqgh lZd`_\hjhgZ Gh aZq_fhgb ohlylgZk h[fZgu\Zlv" Y kqblZxgZk rmlZfbFu h[fZgu\Z_fkZfb k_[yHeeb ijhklh ijbgbfZxl \g_rgxx nhjfmlh]hqlh _klv \hdjm]Z aZl_f fu ijbgbfZ_f boaZ lhq_f hgbg_ y\eyxlkyG_ bo \bgZqlh fuijbmqbeb gZrb]eZaZ lhevdhkfhlj_lv gZ\_sb Fg_ g_ykgZ bonmgdpby^hg OmZgQlh ^_eZxlheeb \ fbj_" Wlh \k_ jZ\ghqlh kijhkblvf_gyqlh fuex^b ^_eZ_f \fbj_Y ^_ckl\bl_evghg_ agZxFu a^_kvb wlh\k_ B heeba^_kv lZd`_dZd fubfh`_l [ulv[ueb a^_kvb ^h gZk Qlh luohq_rv wlbfkdZaZlv^hg OmZg^h gZk" Fuex^bg_ \k_]^Z[ueb a^_kv Lu bf__rv\ \b^ma^_kv \kljZg_ beba^_kv \fbj_" Fu \hreb \êbl_evguc kihj>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh êy g_]h kms_kl\m_llhevdh h^bgfbj lh f_klhdm^Z hg klZ\bl k\hb gh]bY kijhkbe_]hhldm^Z hgagZ_lqlh fug_ \k_]^Z [ueb \fbj_ Hq_gv ijhklhkdZaZe hgfuex^bhq_gv fZeh agZ_f hfbj_Dhchl agZ_lgZfgh]h [hevr_gZkDhchl _^\Zeb dh]^Zgb[m^v h[fZgu\Z_lky\g_rgbf \b^hffbjZ DZd `_fu lh]^Zmobljy_fky boeh\blv b m[b\Zlv" kijhkbe y?keb hgbg_ h[fZgu\Zxlky\g_rgbf \b^hflh dZd `_ hgblZd e_]dhmfbjZxl" >hg OmZg kfhlj_e gZ f_gy ^hl_o ihjihdZ y g_ ihqm\kl\h\Ze aZf_rZl_evkl\Z Fu fh`_fihcfZlv bebhljZ\blvbeb aZklj_eblvdhchlZ KdZaZe hghg êygZk e_]dZy`_jl\Zihlhfm qlhhg g_ agZdhf kfZgbimeypbyfb q_eh\_dZH^gZdh_keb dhchl\u`b\_l lh fh`_rv[ulv m\_j_gqlh fu_]h g_ihcfZ_f \h\lhjhc jZa Ohjhrbc hohlgbdagZ_l wlhb gbdh]^Zg_ klZ\blk\hb eh\mrdb ^\Z`û gZh^gh blh `_f_klhIhlhfm qlh_keb dhchlmf_j \ eh\mrd_lh dZ`ûcdhchl fh`_l \b ^_ lv _]h kf_jlv dhlhjZy hklZ_lky lZfb ^Ze__blZdbf h[jZahfhgb [m^ml ba[_]Zlv eh\mrdb beb^Z`_ \k_]hlh]h f_klZ]^_ hgZ [ueZ ihklZ\e_gZFuk ^jm]hcklhjhgugbdh]^Z g_ \b ^b f kf_jlbdhlhjZy hklZ_lky gZlhf f_kl_]^_ mf_j h^bg ba hdjm`Zxsbo gZk ex^_cfu fh`_f^h]Zû\Zlvky hg_cgh fu gbdh]^Z __g_ \b^bf Fh`_l ebdhchl \b^_lvheeb" Dhg_qgh DZd \u]ey^blheeb êydhchlZ" Fg_ gm`gh[ueh [u[ulv dhchlhfqlh[u agZlvwlhY fh]m kdZaZlv l_[_h^gZdhqlh \hjhg_wlh \b^blky ih^h[gh hkljhdhg_qghc rZid_Djm]eZy brbjhdZy \gbamhdZgqb\ZxsZyky hkljuf dhgphfG_dhlhju_ bagbo k\_lylkygh [hevrbgkl\h lmkdeu_ b dZ`mlky fjZqgufbHgb ihoh^ylgZ fhdjuc dmkhd ldZgbHgb y\eyxlkyij_^\_sZxsbfb ijbajZdZfb DZd hgb\u]ey^yldh]^Z \u \b ^b l_ bo^hg OmZg" Y kdZaZe l_[_ m`_hgb \u]ey^yldZd [m^lh ijbl\hjyxlkyHgb ijbgbfZxlex[hc jZaf_jbeb nhjfmdhlhju_ ihôh^yl bfHgb fh]mlijbgylv nhjfmdZfgy beb]hju JZa]h\Zjb\Zxl ebhgbkeurZl ebbeb ijhba\h^yl eb hgb dZdhcgb[m^v rmf" < h[s_kl\_ex^_c hgb\_^ml k_[ydZd ex^b< h[s_kl\_ `b\hlguo hgb \_^mlk_[y ih^h[gh`b\hlguf@b\hlgu_ h[uqgh [hylky boh^gZdh_keb hgbijb\udZxl d \b^m heebhgb hklZ\eyxl boh^gboFu kZfb^_eZ_f g_qlhih^h[gh_Fu bf__f fgh`_kl\h heeb kj_^bgZkgh fug_ [_kihdhbfboLZd dZd gZrb ]eZaZfh]ml lhevdh\b^_lv \_sbfu g_aZf_qZ_f bo Wlh agZqblqlh g_dhlhju_ba ex^_cdhlhjuo y\b`m gZ mebp_gZ kZfhf ^_e_ g_y\eyxlky ex^vfb"kijhkbe y ihbklbg_ k[bluck lhedm_]h ml\_j`^_gb_f >Zg_dhlhju_ g_y\eyxlkykdZaZe hg\ujZabl_evgh ?]h ml\_j`^_gb_ ihdZaZehkvfg_ g_khh[jZagufb y \k_ _s_ g_ fh]ijbgylv \k_jv_akeh\Z ^hgZOmZgZiheZ]Zyqlh hgb jZkkqblZgugZ wnn_dlY kdZaZe_fmqlh wlha\mqbldZd gZmqghnZglZklbq_kdbc jZkkdZah kms_kl\Zok ^jm]bo ieZg_l Hg hl\_lbefg_qlh hgg_ [_kihdhblkyh lhfdZd wlha\mqbl gh g_dhlhju_ex^b gZmebp_ g_y\eyxlky ex^vfb Ihq_fm lu^he`_g ^mfZlvqlh dZ`^h_ebph \^\b`ms_cky lhei_ y\ey_lkyq_eh\_q_kdbf kms_kl\hf"kijhkbe hgk kZfuf k_jv_aguf \b^hf Y \kZfhf ^_e_g_ fh]h[tykgblv ihq_fmaZ bkdexq_gb_f lh]hqlh ijb\ud\_jblv \wlhdZd \Zdl g_ij_eh`ghc\_ju k fh_c klhjhgu Hg ijh^he`Ze ^Zevr_qlh qZklhhg hohlgh gZ[ex^Ze \ h`b\e_gguo f_klZo kdhie_gby ex^_cb fh] \b ^_ lv bgh]^Z lheimex^_cdhlhju_ \u]ey^_ebgZih^h[b_ ybpb kj_^b fZkku ycp_ih^h[guo kms_kl\hg fh]aZf_lblv lhevdh h^gh]h dhlhjuc \u]ey^_edZd q_eh\_d Hq_gv ijbylghaZgbfZlvky wlbfkdZaZe hgkf_ykv bebih djZcg_cf_j_ijbylgh êyf_gyY ex[ex kb^_lv \ iZjdZo bgZ Z\lhklZgpbyob gZ[ex^ZlvBgh]^Z yfh]m kjZam`_ aZf_lblv heeb\ ^jm]h_\j_fy y \b `m lhevdhgZklhysbo ex^_cH^gZ`û ym\b^_e ^\moheebkb^ysbo \Z\lh[mk_ [hdh [hdLhevdh h^bgjZa \`bagb y\b^_e ^\moheeb \f_kl_ Wlh bf_ehêy l_[yhkh[h_ agZq_gb_m\b^_lv ^\mo" Dhg_qgh<k_qlh hgb^_eZxlbf__l agZq_gb_Ba bo ^_ckl\bc [jmoh fh`_lbgh]^Z ba\e_qvk\hx kbem>Z`_ _keb [jmoh g_ bf__l k\h_]hkh[kl\_ggh]h heebdhev kdhjh hg agZ_ldZd \b ^_ lv hg fh`_lihemqblv kbemgZ[ex^Zy ^_ckl\by heebFhc [_g_nZdlhj gZmqbef_gy wlhfmb aZ g_kdhevdh e_l^h lh]hdZd yklZe bf_lvk\h_]h kh[kl\_ggh]h heeby hlukdb\Ze heeb \ lheiZo ex^_c b dZ`ûc jZa \ b^ _e h^gh]hdhlhjuc mqbef_gy q_fmgb[m^vLu gZr_e lj_o \f_kl_DZdhc \_ebdhe_igucmjhd luijha_\Ze ;hevr_ hg gbq_]h g_ ]h\hjbeihdZ fu g_ dhgqbeb kh[bjZlv djhebqvb eh\mrdbIhlhf hgih\_jgmeky dh fg_ b kdZaZe \^jm]dZd [m^lh[u hglhevdh qlh \kihfgbeqlh ^jm]Zy \Z`gZy\_svhlghkysZyky dheebwlh lhqlh _kebhg \b^_e ^\moheebwlh \k_]^Z[ueb ^\Zh^gh]h blh]h `_\b^Z >\Z heebdhlhjuo \b^_ehg[ueb fm`qbgZfbkdZaZe hgb ba lh]hqlh y\b^_e ^\mofm`qbg bh^gm `_gsbgmhg aZdexqbe qlh fhchiul [uehkh[_ggh g_h[uqguf Y kijhkbe_]hfh]ml ebheeb ijbgbfZlv\b^ ^_l_cfh]ml eb ^_lb [ulv h^gh]h beb jZaguo iheh\fh]ml eb heeb bah[jZ`Zlv ex^_c jZaebqguo jZkfh]ml eb hgb bf_lv \b^ k_fvbkhklhys_c bafm`qbgu`_gsbgu bj_[_gdZbgZdhg_p y kijhkbe _]hfh`_l eb heeb bf_lv \b^ q_eh\_dZ mijZ\eyxs_]h Z\lhfh[be_fbeb Z\lh[mkhf >hg OmZggbq_]h g_hl\_qZe gZwlhHg meu[ZekyihdZ y ]h\hjbe \k_wlhDh]^Z hgmkeurZe fhcihke_^gbc \hijhklh hg jZkohohlZeky b kdZaZeqlh y g_hklhjh`_g kh k\hbfb \hijhkZfbqlh [he__mf_klguf [ueh[u kijhkblv\ b^ _e eb hgdh]^Zgb[m^v heebmijZ\eyxs_]h Z\lhfh[be_f Lu g_ aZ[ue ijhfhlhpbdeu^Z"kijhkbe hg k ij_^Zl_evkdbf [e_kdhf \]eZaZoY gZr_e_]h gZkf_rdb gZ^ fhbfb \hijhkZfbaZ[Z\gufb bg_ h[b^gufbb aZkf_yeky\f_kl_ k gbf AZl_f hg h[tykgbeqlh heeb g_ fh]ml ijbgbfZlv jmdh\h^kl\h ^_ckl\byfbbeb \ha^_ckl\h\ZlvgZ qlheb[h ijyfh h^gZdh hgb fh]ml\ha^_ckl\h\Zlv gZq_eh\_dZ dhk\_ggh>hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh ijboh^blv\ dhglZdlk heebhiZkghlZd dZd heeb fh]ml\u\_klb gZjm`mkZfh_ om^r__qlh _klv\ q_eh\_d_ Mq_gbq_kl\h a^_kv[u\Z_l ^he]bfb ljm^gufkdZaZe hgihlhfm qlh g_h[oh^bfh k\_klb d fbgbfmfm\k_qlh g_ y\ey_lky g_h[oh^bfuf \`bagb êylh]hqlh[u \u^_j`ZlvgZ]jmadm lZdhc \klj_qb>hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh _]h [_g_nZdlhjdh]^Z hg \i_j\u_ ijbr_e \dhglZdl kheeb[ue \ugm`^_g h[`_qvky b ihemqbe lZdb_rjZfudZd [m^lh]hjguc e_\gZiZ^Ze gZ g_]h Qlh dZkZ_lky_]h kZfh]hkdZaZe ^hgOmZglZd heeb lhedgme _]h \ dmqm ]hjysbo m]e_cb hgg_fgh]h h[`_] dhe_gh b ehiZldmgh rjZfubkq_aeb kh\j_f_g_fdh]^Z hgklZe kheeb h^gbf p_euf bxgy ]Y hlijZ\bekyk ^hghfOmZghf \ ^Zevg__ iml_r_kl\b_qlh[u mqZkl\h\Zlv\ fblhl_Y g_kdhevdhf_kyp_\ m`_ `^Ze lZdhc\hafh`ghklbh^gZdh yg_ [ue hdhgqZl_evgh m\_j_gqlh yohqm _oZlvY ^mfZeqlh fhbdhe_[Zgby [ueb \ua\Zgu kljZohfqlh gZfblhl_ y [m^m \ugm`^_g ]ehlZlv i_chlZ m f_gy kh\k_f g_ [ueh lZdh]h gZf_j_gbyY g_h^ghdjZlgh jZatykgyek\hb qm\kl\Z^hgm OmZgmKgZqZeZ hg l_ji_eb\h kf_yekyghgZdhg_phg l\_j^haZy\beqlh g_ `_eZ_l kemrZlv[hevr_ gbh^gh]h keh\Zh fhbokljZoZo GZklhevdhgZkdhevdh y agZefblhl [ue b^_Zevguf iheb]hghf êy lh]hqlh[u yfh] ijh\_jblvlm k\hx ko_fm dhlhjmx y khklZ\beY \k_lZdb lZdb g_ [jhkbe iheghklvx k\hx b^_x h kdjulhfeb^_j_ gZ lZdbo k[hjbsZoDZdbflh h[jZahf mf_gy [ueZfukevqlh ^hgOmZg hl[jhkbefhx b^_xba dZdbolh k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo khh[jZ`_gbcihkdhevdm hg klj_fbeky h[tykgblv \k_qlh bf__lf_klh gZ fblhlZo\ l_jfbgZo \b ^_ gv yY ^mfZeqlh fhcbgl_j_k \lhf qlh[u gZclb ihôh^ys__ h[tykg_gb_ \ k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo l_jfbgZog_ khhl\_lkl\h\Ze lhfmqlh hgohl_e hl f_gy ihwlhfm _fmb ijbrehkvhl[jhkblv fhb\u\hûdZd hg ijb\ud ^_eZlv kh\k_f l_fqlh g_ih^l\_j`^Zeh _]hkbkl_fm DZd jZa i_j_^l_fdZd fuhlijZ\bebkv \ iml_r_kl\b_ ^hg OmZgh[e_]qbe fhbkhfg_gby hlghkbl_evghih_^Zgby i_chlZ kdZaZ\qlh y [m^mijbkmlkl\h\Zlv gZ\klj_q_ lhevdh êy lh]hqlh[u gZ[ex^ZlvY ihqm\kl\h\Zeih^t_f< lh\j_fy y [ue ihqlbm\_j_gqlh jZkdjhxkdjulmx ijhp_^mjmijb ihfhsb dhlhjhc mqZklgbdbijboh^yl dkh]eZkbx <j_fy reh m`_d \_q_jmdh]^Z fuhlijZ\bebkvKhegp_ ihqlb dhkgmehkv]hjbahglZy qm\kl\h\Ze_]h gZk\h_c r__ b `Ze_eqlh mf_gy g_l\_g_pbZgkdhc rlhjdbgZ aZ^g_f kl_de_ fZrbguK \_jrbgu ohefZy fh]kfhlj_lv \gba gZ h]jhfgmx jZ\gbgm^hjh]Z [ueZihoh`Z gZq_jgmx e_glmjZkkl_e_ggmx gZ a_fe_\\_jo b\gba ih[_kqbke_gguf ohefZfY aZ k_dmg^m ijhke_^be __]eZaZfb ij_`^_q_f fugZqZeb kimkdZlvkyhgZ [_`ZeZ ijyfh gZ x] bbkq_aZeZ aZ jy^hf gbadbo ]hj gZ ]hjbahgl_ >hg OmZg kb^_ekihdhcgh]ey^y ijyfh \i_j_^>he]h_ \j_fy fug_ ijhjhgbebgb keh\ZFg_ [uehg_m^h[gh hl`Zju \ Z\lhfh[be_Y hldjue\k_ hdgZgh wlhg_ ihfh]ehihlhfm qlh ^_gv [ue bkdexqbl_evgh `ZjdbfY qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y bkdexqbl_evgh jZa^jZ`_ggufb [_kihdhcgufY klZe`Zeh\Zlvky gZ `Zjm >hg OmZgk^_eZe ]jbfZkmb \a]eygmegZ f_gybkiulmxs_ < wlh\j_fy ]h^Zih\kx^m \F_dkbd_ `ZjdhkdZaZe hgk wlbfgbq_]h g_evayih^_eZlv Y g_kfhlj_e gZg_]hgh agZeqlh hgke_^bl aZ fghc FZrbgZ gZ[jZeZ kdhjhklvkdhevay \gbaih kdehgmY kfmlgh m\b^_e ^hjh`gucagZd YZGh\u[hbgZDh]^Z y^_ckl\bl_evgh m\b^_e moZ[y _oZe kebrdhf[ukljh bohly y k[jhkbe kdhjhklvfu \k_`_ hsmlbeb_]h bih^kdhqbeb gZkb^_gvyoY agZqbl_evgh mf_gvrbekdhjhklvfu _oZebq_j_a f_klghklv]^_ kdhl k\h[h^gh iZk_lkyih klhjhgZf^hjh]bf_klghklv]^_ ljmi ehrZ^b beb dhjh\uk[blhc Z\lhfh[be_f[ue h[uqguf y\e_gb_f< h^ghff_kl_ fg_ijbrehkv hklZgh\blvky kh\k_f qlh[u iha\heblvehrZ^b i_j_clb^hjh]m Y klZe _s_[he__ [_kihdh_gb jZa^jZ`bl_e_gY kdZaZe ^hgm OmZgmqlh wlh`ZjZy kdZaZe_fmqlh fg_\k_]^Z g_ gjZ\beZkv `ZjZk kZfh]h^_lkl\Zihlhfm qlhdZ`^h_ e_lh y qm\kl\h\Ze ^mohlmb _^\Zfh] ûrZlv Gh l_i_jvlu g_j_[_ghdkdZaZe hg @ZjZ \k__s_ m^mrZ_lf_gy Qlh `]heh^ h[uqgh^mrbe f_gydh]^Z y[ue j_[_gdhf kdZaZe hgfy]dh;ulv hq_gv]heh^guf wlh _^bgkl\_ggh_ qlh yagZe[m^mqb j_[_gdhfbeb `_fg_ kemqZehkvgZ_^Zlvky lZdqlh yjZa^m\Zeky bg_ fh]ûrZlvGh wlh[uehdh]^Z y [ue j_[_gdhfL_i_jv y g_ fh]m aZûoZlvky b g_ fh]m jZa^m\ZlvkydZd ]heh\Zklbddh]^Z y]heh^_g Y g_agZeqlh kdZaZlvY aZ[bjZeky\ g_\_jgmxihabpbx BlZd\kdhj_ fg_ijb^_lky hlklZb\ZlvlZdb_ lhqdbaj_gby^h dhlhjuo fg_\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbg_l gbdZdh]h^_eZ@ZjZ [ueZ g_ gZklhevdhm` g_kl_jibfZQlh f_gym^jmqZeh gZkZfhf ^_e_ lZd wlh i_jki_dlb\Z\_klb fZrbgmg_kdhevdh lukyq fbev ^h p_eb gZr_]himl_r_kl\byY qm\kl\h\ZejZa^jZ`_gb_ ijbfukeb qlh ijb^_lkymlhfeylvky >Z\Zc hklZgh\bfkyb dmibfqlhgb[m^v ih_klvkdZaZe yFh`_l [ulvdh]^Z khegp_ky^_llZdhc `Zjug_ [m^_l >hg OmZg \a]eygmegZ f_gymeu[Zykvb kdZaZeqlh \ l_q_gb_ êbl_evgh]h hlj_adZ \j_f_gbg_ [m^_l gb h^gh]h ]hjh^dZ b qlhhg ihgbfZ_lfhx iheblbdmdhlhjZy khklhbl \ lhfqlh[u g__klv gbq_]h\ ijb^hjh`guo[mn_lZo JZa\_ lu[hevr_ g_[hbrvky ^ba_gl_jbb"kijhkbe hg Y agZeqlh wlh _]hkZjdZafh^gZdhhg khojZgye \hijhkbl_evguc b\ lh`_ \j_fyk_jv_aguc \a]ey^ LhdZd luihklmiZ_rvkdZaZe hggZ\h^bl gZfukev qlh ^ba_gl_jby lZd b jukdZ_l\hdjm]h`b^Zydh]^Z lu \uc^_rv bafZrbguqlh[u gZ[jhkblvkygZ l_[yLu \ m`Zkghf iheh`_gbb_keb l_[_ m^Zklky m[_`Zlvhl `Zjulh l_[y gZ\_jgydZ ihcfZ_l^ba_gl_jby Lhg ^hgZ OmZgZ [uegZklhevdh k_jv_a_gqlh y gZqZe kf_ylvkyAZl_f fu ^he]h_ \j_fy_oZeb fheqZDh]^Z fu ijb[ueb gZ klhygdmZ\lhfZrbg ih^gZa\Zgb_f Ehk <b^jbhk kl_deh[ueh m`_l_fgh >hg OmZgaZdjbqZe bafZrbgu Qlh m\Zk _klvk_]h^gy gZm`bg" K\bgbgZdjbdgmeZ `_gsbgZbagmljb JZ^b l_[yy gZ^_xkvqlh k\bgvyihiZeZ ih^ fZrbgm k_]h^gykf_ykv kdZaZefg_ ^hgOmZg Fu \ureb ba fZrbgu>hjh]Z k h[_bo klhjhg [ueZ h]jZ`^_gZ p_iyfb gbadbo ]hjdhlhju_ dZaZebkv aZklu\r_c eZ\hc dZdh]hlh ]b]Zglkdh]h\medZgbq_kdh]h ba\_j`_gby< l_fghl_ q_jgu_am[qZlu_ kbemwluibdh\ gZnhg_ g_[ZdZaZebkv h]jhfgufb m]jh`ZxsbfbhkdhedZfb kl_deZ IhdZ fu _eby kdZaZe^hgm OmZgmqlh m\b^_e ijbqbgm lh]hqlh wlhf_klh gZau\Z_lkykl_dehY kdZaZeqlh fg_ ykghqlh wlh gZa\Zgb_ h[yaZgh nhjf_ ]hjihoh`bo gZ h]jhfgh_ kl_deh >hg OmZg kdZaZem[_`^_gghqlh f_klh gZau\Z_lky Ehk <b^jbhkihlhfm qlh]jmah\bd khkl_dehf i_j_\_jgmekygZ wlhf f_kl_b [blh_kl_deh ^he]b_]hû hklZ\Zehkva^_kv \Zeylvky Y qm\kl\h\Zeqlh hgrmlblb ihijhkbe_]h kdZaZlvfg_ ^_ckl\bl_evgh ebijbqbgZ gZa\Zgby[ueZ \wlhf Ihq_fm lu g_kijhkbrv dh]hgb[m^v ba f_klguo" kijhkbe hg Y kijhkbeq_eh\_dZdhlhjuc kb^_eaZ khk_^gbfklhebdhf Hg ba\bgyxsbfkylhghf kdZaZeqlh g_agZ_lY ihr_egZ dmogx bkijhkbe `_gsbg[u\rbo lZfagZxl ebhgbgh \k_hgb g_ agZebijhklh wlhf_klhfhegZau\Z_lky kl_deh Y iheZ]Zxqlh y ijZ\kdZaZe ^hg OmZg f_dkbdZgpu g_ h^Zj_gu kihkh[ghklvxaZf_qZlv \_sb \hdjm] k_[yY m\_j_gqlh hgbg_ fh]ebaZf_lblv kl_deygguo]hjgh hgb gZ\_jgydZ fh]ebhklZ\blv ]hjm[blh]h kl_deZ \Zeylvky g_kdhevdh e_l H[Z fugZreb dZjlbgmaZ[Z\ghc bjZkkf_yebkvDh]^Z fu dhgqbeb _klv^hg OmZgkijhkbe f_gydZd yk_[y qm\kl\mxY kdZaZeohjhrhgh gZkZfhf ^_e_ y qm\kl\h\Ze dZdmxlh g_eh\dhklv>hg OmZg ijbklZevgh ihkfhlj_e gZ f_gy b dZaZehkvaZf_lbe fh_qm\kl\h g_m^h[kl\Z JZa luijb_oZe \F_dkbdmlu ^he`_ghleh`blv \k_k\hb ex[bfu_ kljZob ijhqvkdZaZe hghq_gv `_kldhl\h_ j_r_gb_ ijb_oZlv^he`gh [uehjZa\_ylv boLu ijb_oZeihlhfm qlh luohl_e ijb_oZlvWlh imlv\hbgZY ]h\hjxl_[_ \gh\vb \gh\vkZfuc wnn_dlb\guckihkh[ `blvwlh `blvdZd \hbg =hjxc b^mfZc ij_`^_q_f luk^_eZ_rv dZdh_eb[h j_r_gb_gh _keb lu_]h k^_eZelh [m^vgZ k\h_fimlb k\h[h^gufhl aZ[hl b fuke_c;m^_l fbeebhg^jm]bo j_r_gbc_s_ h`b^Zlvl_[y< wlhf imlv\hbgZ Y ^mfZxqlh lZd b ^_eZx^hg OmZgohly [u \j_f_gZfbWlh hq_gvljm^gh \k_lZdb ijh^he`Zlv ihfgblv k_[y Dh]^Z \_sbklZgh\ylky g_ykgufb\hbg ^mfZ_lh k\h_c kf_jlb Wlh _s_ ljm^g__^hg OmZg>ey [hevrbgkl\Z ex^_c kf_jlv wlh qlhlh hq_gvg_ykgh_ b^Ze_dh_Fu gbdh]^Z h g_c g_^mfZ_f Ihq_fm `_g_ ^mfZ_l_" Gh aZq_fwlh gm`gh" Hq_gv ijhklhkdZaZe hgihlhfm qlhb^_y kf_jlb wlh _^bgkl\_ggZy\_svdhlhjZy mdjhsZ_lgZr ^mo D lhfm\j_f_gbdZd fuihdbgmeb Ehk<b^jbhk[ueh lZd l_fghqlh am[qZlu_kbemwlu ]hjjZkl\hjbebkv \g_[_;hevr_ qZkZ fu _oZeb \ fheqZgbbY ihqm\kl\h\Ze mklZehklv DZaZehkvqlh y g_ ohqm]h\hjblvihlhfm qlh g_ h q_f jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv>\b`_gb_ [uehfbgbfZevgufG_kdhevdh fZrbg ijhreh gZf gZ\klj_qmDZaZehkvqlh fu[ueb _^bgkl\_ggufb ex^vfb_^msbfb ih rhkk_gZ x]Fg_ ih^mfZehkvqlh wlh kljZgghb yijh^he`Ze ih]eyû\Zlv\ a_jdZehaZ^g_]h h[ahjZ qlh[u m\b^_lvg_l eb^jm]bo fZrbgb^msbo kaZ^bgh bo g_ [ueh Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fyy i_j_klZe\ubkdb\Zlv fZrbgu b \gh\v klZe ^mfZlv hi_jki_dlb\Zo gZr_cih_a^dbAZl_f y aZf_lbeqlh k\_l fhbonZj kebrdhfyjdbc ih kjZ\g_gbx k l_fghlhc \hdjm]b yhiylv \a]eygme\ a_jdZehKgZqZeZ y m\b^_e yjdh_kbygb_Z aZl_f^\_ b]euk\_lZ \uj\ZebkvdZd [u baih^ a_febWlh [uebnZju fZrbgugZ \_jrbg_ohefZ ihaZ^b gZkG_dhlhjh_ \j_fy hgb [ueb \b^guaZl_f bkq_aeb \ l_fghl_dZd _keb[u hgb[ueb \udexq_guq_j_a k_dmg^m hgb ihy\bebkv gZ^jm]hf [m]j_Z aZl_fbkq_aeb \gh\vY ^he]h_ \j_fy ke_^be aZbo ihy\e_gbyfbb bkq_agh\_gbyfbJZa fg_ klZeh \b^ghqlh fZrbgZ gZ]hgy_l gZkHgZ hij_^_e_ggh ijb[eb`ZeZkvH]gb [ueb [hevr_b yjq_Y klZe gZ`bfZlv kbevg__ gZi_^Zev ]ZaZM f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hg_eh\dhklb>hg OmZgdZaZehkvaZf_lbegZ qlhy h[jZsZx \gbfZgb_Z fh`_lhg aZf_lbe lhevdhlhqlh y m\_ebqb\Zx kdhjhklv KgZqZeZ hg\a]eygme gZf_gyaZl_f hgih\_jgmeky bihkfhlj_e gZ h]gbnZj \hl^Ze_gbb Hg kijhkbe\k_ ebkh fghc\ ihjy^d_Y kdZaZe_fmqlh y ^he]h_ \j_fy g_ aZf_qZeihaZ^b gZk gbdZdbo fZrbgb \g_aZigh aZf_lbe nZju fZrbgudhlhjZy gZ]hgy_l gZkHg ofudgme b kijhkbef_gy^_ckl\bl_evgh eby ^mfZxqlh wlh fZrbgZY hl\_lbeqlh wlh^he`gZ [ulvfZrbgZb hgkdZaZe qlh fh_ hlghr_gb_ dwlhfm k\_lmihdZau\Z_l _fmqlh y ^he`gh [ulvdZdlh ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh qlh[u lZf gb [ueh ihaZ^b gZkgh wlh[hevr_q_f ijhklhfZrbgZY gZklZb\Ze qlhfg_ dZ`_lkywlh ijhklh^jm]Zy fZrbgZgZ rhkk_ beb fh`_l]jmah\bd Qlh `__s_ wlhfh`_l [ulv"]jhfdh kdZaZey GZf_db ^hgZOmZgZ ijb\_ebf_gy gZ]jZgv kju\Z Hg ih\_jgmeky b ihkfhlj_eijyfh gZ f_gyaZl_f hg f_ê_ggh db\gmedZd _keb[u baf_jyelhqlh kh[bjZ_lky kdZaZlv Wlh h]gb gZ]heh\_ kf_jlbkdZaZe hg fy]dh kf_jlv gZ^_\Z_l bodZd reyimZ aZl_f[jhkZ_lky \ ]Zehi Wlh h]gb kf_jlbg_kms_cky ]ZehihfgZklb]Zxs_c gZk b klZgh\ys_cky \k_[eb`_ b[eb`_ M f_gyih kibg_ih[_`Zeb fmjZrdbQ_j_a g_dhlhjh_\j_fy y \gh\v\a]eygme \a_jdZeh aZ^g_]hh[ahjZgh h]g_c [hevr_ g_ [uehY kdZaZe^hgm OmZgmqlh fZrbgZ^he`gh [ulv hklZgh\beZkv beb k\_jgmeZ k^hjh]bHg g_ klZe kfhlj_lv gZaZ^hg ijhklh\ulygme jmdbb a_\gme G_lkdZsZe hgkf_jlv gbdh]^Zg_ hklZgZ\eb\Z_ lkyBgh]^Z hgZ\udexqZ_l k\hbh]gblhevdh b\k_]h Fu ijb_oZeb \k_\_jh\hklhqgmx F_dkbdmbxgy>\_ ihoh`b_ ^jm]gZ ^jm]Z`_gsbgudZaZ\rb_ky k_kljZfbb q_luj_ ^_\hqdb kh[jZebkvm ^\_j_cg_[hevrh]h kZfZggh]h^hfZIhaZ^b ^hfZ [ueb ijbkljhcdZ b kZjZc k ^\mkdZlghc djur_chl dhlhjh]h hklZebkv ebrvqZklv djurbb h^gZkl_gZ@_gsbgu hq_\b^gh`^Zeb gZkhgb\b^bfhaZf_lbeb fZrbgmih klhe[m iuebdhlhjuc hgZih^gbfZeZ gZ]jmglh\hc ^hjh]_ihke_ lh]h dZd g_kdhevdhfbev jZg__y k\_jgmek rhkk_>hf gZoh^beky\ ]em[hdhc ^hebg_b_keb kfhlj_lvhl g_]h^hjh]Z dZaZeZkv êbgguf rjZfhfih^gbfZ\rbfky \ukhdh\\_jo ihkdehgm a_e_guo ohefh\ >hg OmZg \ur_eba fZrbgub kfbgmlm jZa]h\Zjb\Ze kh klZjufb `_gsbgZfbHgb ihdZaZebgZ ^_j_\yggu_klmevy i_j_^ ^\_jvx>hg OmZgk^_eZe fg_agZd ih^hclbb k_klvH^gZ ba klZjuo `_gsbg k_eZ k gZfbhklZevgu_ \hreb \ ^hf>\_ ^_\mrdb hklZgh\bebkvhdheh ^\_jbk ex[hiulkl\hfjZa]eyû\Zy f_gyY ihfZoZebfHgb obobdgmebb m[_`Zeb\gmljvQ_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy\ureb ^\h_fhehûo ex^_cb iha^hjh\Zebkv k ^hghf OmZghfHgb g_]h\hjbeb khfghc b^Z`_ g_kfhlj_eb gZ f_gyHgb dhjhldhqlhlh jZkkdZaZeb^hgm OmZgmaZl_f hg ih^gyekyb \k_fu\dexqZy `_gsbgihreb d^jm]hfm ^hfm \_jhylgh \ihemfbe_ hlwlh]h LZf fu \klj_lbebkvk ^jm]hc]jmiihc ex^_c>hg OmZg \hr_e \gmljvgh fg_\_e_e hklZlvkym ^\_jbY aZ]eygme \gmljv b m\b^_eklZjh]h bg^_cpZijbf_jgh \ \hajZkl_ ^hgZ OmZgZdhlhjuc kb^_egZ ^_j_\ygghfklme_ ;ueh _s_ g_kh\k_f l_fgh=jmiiZ fhehûo bg^_cp_\ b bg^_Zghd kihdhcgh klhyeZ \hdjm]klZjh]h ]jmah\bdZ hdheh ^hfZY aZ]h\hjbe kgbfb ihbkiZgkdbgh hgb gZf_j_ggh ba[_]Zeb hl\_qZlvfg_`_gsbgu obobdZebdZ`ûc jZadh]^Z y qlheb[h ]h\hjbeZ fm`qbgu\_èb\h meu[Zebkv b hl\h^beb ]eZaZDZaZehkvhgb f_gy g_ihgbfZebb \k_ `_ y [ue m\_j_gqlh g_dhlhju_ba gbo]h\hjyl ihbkiZgkdblZd dZdy keurZe bojZa]h\hj f_`^mkh[hc Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy^hg OmZgb ^jm]hcklZjbd \ureb gZjm`maZ[jZebkv \]jmah\bd bk_eb jy^hfk rhn_jhfWlh hdZaZehkv agZdhfêy \k_ohklZevguo aZ[jZlvky\ dmah\LZf g_ [ueh[hdh\h]h h]jZ`^_gbyb dh]^Z]jmah\bd ljhgmekyfu \k_ mp_ibebkv aZ êbggmx\_j_\dmijb\yaZggmx d djxqdZf \hdjm] ieZlnhjfu =jmah\bd f_ê_ggh^\b]Zeky ih]jmglh\hc ^hjh]_< h^ghf f_kl_ gZhq_gv djmlhfkdehg_ hghklZgh\bekyb \k_khkdhqbeb b ihreb aZ gbfaZl_f ^\h_ fhehûo ex^_c \kdhqbeb gZ ieZlnhjfm b k_eb gZ djZx^_j`Zkv aZ \_j_\dm@_gsbgu kf_yebkv b ih^[Z^jb\Zeb boqlh[ l_ m^_j`b\Zeb k\h_ g_mklhcqb\h_ jZ\gh\_kb_ >hg OmZg bklZjbdd dhlhjhfmh[jZsZebkvdZd d ^hgm Kbev\bhreb lh`_ihaZ^bb bfdZaZehkvg_ [ueh^_eZ ^h \udjmlZkh\ fhehûoDh]^Z ^hjh]Z\ujh\gyeZkv\k_ kgh\Z aZ[jZebkv gZ]jmah\bd Fu _oZeb hdhehqZkZIhe [uebkdexqbl_evgh l\_jûf b g_m^h[gufihwlhfm yklhye b^_j`Zeky aZdjurm dZ[bgdb b _oZe lZdbfh[jZahf ^hl_o ihjihdZ fug_ hklZgh\bebkvi_j_^ ]jmiihc ob`bgLZf [ueb_s_ ex^bD wlhfm \j_f_gb klZeh ^h\hevgh l_fghb yfh] jZa]ey^_lvlhevdh g_kdhevdboba gbo \ lmkdehf`_elh\Zlhf k\_l_d_jhkbgh\hc eZfiudhlhjZy \bk_eZ m hldjulhc^\_jb <k_ khreb kfZrbgu bkf_rZebkv kex^vfb \^hfZo>hg OmZg hiylv \_e_efg_ hklZ\ZlvkykgZjm`bY h[ehdhlbeky h i_j_^g__ djueh ]jmah\bdZb q_j_ah^gm^\_ fbgmlu dh fg_ ijbkh_^bgbebkv _s_ ljh_ fhehûoex^_cH^gh]h ba gbo y \klj_qZe q_luj_ ]h^ZgZaZ^ gZij_û^ms_f fblhl_Hg h[gye f_gy\ay\ aZie_qb Lu fheh^_pijhr_ilZe hgfg_ ihbkiZgkdb Fu hq_gv lbohklhyeb hdheh]jmah\bdZY fh] keurZlv fy]dh_ [mevdZgv_jmqvy ih[ebahklbFhc ijbyl_evkijhkbe f_gy r_ihlhfg_l eb mf_gy kb]Zj_lY ij_êh`be hdjm`Zxsbf iZqdmIjb k\_l_ kb]Zj_luy \a]eygmegZ k\hb qZku;ueh qZkh\ =jmiiZ ex^_c\ureZ ba^hfZ \kdhj_ihke_ wlh]hb ljh_ fhehûo ex^_cmreb>hg OmZgih^hr_e dhfg_ bkdZaZeqlh hg h[tykgbe fh_ ijbkmlkl\b_a^_kv dh[s_fm m^b\e_gbxb qlh f_gy ijb]eZrZxl h[kem`b\Zlv \h^hcmqZklgbdh\ fblhlZHg kdZaZeqlh fuk_cqZk \uoh^bf =jmiiZ ba `_gsbg bfm`qbg \ureZ ba ^hfZBo ij_^\h^bl_ev [ue ^h\hevghdjy`bkluce_l fm`qbgZHgb gZau\Zeb _]h fhqhijha\bs_dhlhjh_ hagZqZ_l mk_q_ggucHg ^\b]Zekyklj_fbl_evgufb l\_jûfbrZ]ZfbHg g_k d_jhkbgh\ucnhgZjv bihfZob\Ze bfba klhjhgu\ klhjhgm gZ oh^mKgZqZeZ y^mfZeqlh hgfZr_l nhgZj_fijhklh lZd aZl_f aZf_lbeqlh \afZohf nhgZjy hg mdZau\Z_l gZ dZdh_gb[m^v ij_iylkl\b_beb ljm^gh_f_klh gZ^hjh]_Fu reb [hevr_ qZkZ@_gsbgu [helZebb \j_fyhl \j_f_gb kf_yebkv >hg OmZgb \lhjhcklZjbd [ueb\h ]eZ\_ijhp_kkbby `_[ue \ kZfhf dhgp___Y g_kimkdZe ]eZak ^hjh]biulZykv m\b^_lv dm^Z klmiZxIjhreh m`_]h^Z kl_o ihjdZd ^hgOmZg b y [ueb \ ]hjZo ghqvxb yihl_jye hq_gv fgh]h nbabq_kdhc \ughkeb\hklbY g_ij_ju\ghkihludZekyb baih^ gh]m f_gy e_l_eb dZfgbFhb dhe_gbkh\k_f ihl_jyeb]b[dhklv^hjh]Z dZaZehkv [jhkZeZkvgZ f_gydh]^Z ymibjZeky \[m]hjhdbeb ijh\Zeb\ZeZkv ih^hfghcdh]^Z ygZklmiZe \\u[hbgmY [ue kZfuf rmfguf i_r_oh^hfb wlhg_\hevgh ^_eZeh ba f_gy dehmgZDlhgb[m^v \]jmii_ h[yaZl_evgh]h\hjbe modh]^Z y kihludZekyb \k_kf_yebkvH^bg jZadZf_gvdhlhjuc y g_qZyggh igme gh]hcihiZe \iyldm `_gsbg_b hgZ ]jhfdh kdZaZeZ dh \k_h[s_fmm^h\hevkl\bx^Zcl_ k\_qdm [_^ghfm fZevqbdmGh ihke_^gbfbkiulZgb_f êyf_gy [uehdh]^Z y hklmibeky b\ugm`^_g [ueko\Zlblvky aZb^ms_]h \i_j_^bhg qmlv g_ ihl_jye jZ\gh\_kb_ ih^ fh_c ly`_klvx b ba^Ze kh\_jr_ggh g_Z^_d\Zlguc gZjhqbluc\ba]<k_ lZd kf_yebkv qlh ]jmiiZ^he`gZ [ueZgZ \j_fyhklZgh\blvky GZdhg_p q_eh\_ddhlhjuc [ue\_^msbffZogme k\h_c eZfihc \\_job \gbaWlhdZaZehkv[ue agZdqlh fuijb[ueb d f_klm gZagZq_gbyKijZ\Z hlf_gyg_ih^Ze_dm [ue l_fguc kbemwl gbadh]h ^hfZ<k_ ijbr_^rb_ jZahrebkv \ jZaguo gZijZ\e_gbyoY ihbkdZe^hgZ OmZgZ?]h [uehljm^gh gZclb\ l_fghl_Y g_dhlhjh_\j_fy [jh^bermfgh gZludZykvgZ \k_ ihdZ g_aZf_lbeqlh hgkb^bl gZdZfg_Hg hiylvkdZaZe fg_ qlh fhc ^he] [m^_l\ lhfqlh[u ih^ghkblv\h^m l_fdlh mqZkl\m_l \ fblhl_Wlhc ijhp_^mj_hg h[mqbe f_gy m`_ g_kdhevdh e_lgZaZ^Y ihfgbedZ`^mx ^_lZevgh hggZklZb\Ze gZ lhfqlh[ hk\_`blviZfylv b\gh\v ihdZaZefg_dZd wlh ^_eZ_lky AZl_f fuijhreb \aZ^gxx qZklv^hfZ]^_ kh[jZebkv\k_ Hgb jZa\_ebdhkl_jIjbf_jgh \f_ljZo hldhkljZ [ueqbkluc mqZklhdihdjuluc khehf_ggufbpbgh\dZfbFhqh q_eh\_d dhlhjuc gZk \_ek_e gZpbgh\dm i_j\ufy aZf_lbeqlh m g_]h hlkmlkl\m_l\_jogyy iheh\bgZe_\h]h moZqlh h[tykgyeh ijbqbgm ihy\e_gby _]hijha\bsZ>hg Kbev\bhk_e kijZ\Z hl g_]hZ ^hgOmZg ke_\Z Fhqh kb^_eebphf dh]gxFheh^hc q_eh\_dijb[ebabeky d g_fm b iheh`be i_j_^gbf iehkdmx dhjabgm k [ZlhgqbdZfb i_chlZaZl_f wlhlfheh^hc q_eh\_dk_e f_`^mfhqh b ^hghf Kbev\bh>jm]hc fheh^hcq_eh\_d ijbg_k^\_ [hevrb_dhjabgdb ihklZ\be bojy^hf ki_chlgufb [ZlhgqbdZfbb k_ef_`^m fhqhb ^hghf OmZghfAZl_f _s_^\h_ fhehûoex^_c k_eb ih [hdZf ^hgZ Kbev\bhb ^hgZOmZgZh[jZah\Z\ djm`hdba k_fbq_eh\_d @_gsbgu hklZebkv \gmljb^hfZH[yaZgghklvx ^\hbo fhehûo ex^_c [ueh ih^^_j`b\Zlv h]hgv dhkljZ\kx ghqvZ h^bg ih^jhklhd by ^he`gu[ueb ojZgblv\h^mdhlhjZy ^he`gZ[ulv ^ZgZ k_fb mqZklgbdZf ihke_ bo ghqgh]h jblmZeZFu k fZevqbdhf k_ebm dZfgyH]hgv bkhkm^ k\h^hc gZoh^bebkvgZ jZ\ghf jZkklhygbbhl djm]ZmqZklgbdh\ Fhqh \_^msbc aZi_e k\hxi_chlgmx i_kgx_]h ]eZaZ [ueb aZdjulu_]h l_ehihdZqb\Zehkv \\_job \gbaWlh [ueZ hq_gv êbggZyi_kgyYaudZ yg_ ihgbfZeAZl_f \k_hklZevgu_ ijhi_eb k\hb i_chlgu_i_kgbHgbhq_\b^ghg_ ke_^h\Zeb gbdZdhfm ij_^mklZgh\e_gghfmihjy^dmHgb y\ghi_ebdZ`ûc lh]^Zdh]^Z hgqm\kl\h\Ze dwlhfm ihlj_[ghklv AZl_f fhqh\aye dhjabgmk i_chlgufb[ZlhgqbdZfb\aye ^\Z bagbo biheh`be __hiylv \p_glj_ djm]ZKe_^mxsbf [ue ^hg Kbev\bhZ aZl_f ^hgOmZgQ_l\_jh fhehûo ex^_c dhlhju_dZaZehkv[ueb hl^_evghc]jmiihc\ayeb dZ`ûc ih ^\Z [ZlhgqbdZih hq_j_^bijhlb\ qZkh\hcklj_edb DZ`ûc ba k_fbmqZklgbdh\ ki_eb kt_eih [ZlhgqbdZ i_chlZ ihke_^h\Zl_evgh jZaZAZl_f hgbimklbeb ih djm]m ^jm]b_ ^\_ fZe_gvdb_dhjabgdb kkmobfb njmdlZfbb kmr_guf fykhf Wlhl pbdehgb ih\lhjyeb\ jZaebqgh_\j_fy ghqbh^gZdh y g_ kfh] mkfhlj_lvdZdh]hgb[m^v kdjulh]hihjy^dZ \ bo bg^b\b^mZevguo ^\b`_gbyoHgb g_ jZa]h\Zjb\Zeb ^jm] k ^jm]hfhgb kdhj__[ueb kZfbih k_[_b kZfbêy k_[yY gb jZam g_ \b^_eqlh[u dlhgb[m^v bagbo ohly[u h^bg jZa h[jZlbe \gbfZgb_gZ lhqlh ^_eZxlhklZevgu_ I_j_^ jZkk\_lhf hgbih^gyebkvb fuk fhehûf iZjg_f ^Zeb bf \h^mIhke_ wlh]hy \ur_eijhclbkv \hdjm]qlh[u khjb_glbjh\Zlvky>hf [ue h^ghdhfgZlghc ob`bghcgbadbf kZfZgguf khhjm`_gb_fk djur_cba o\hjhklZHdjm`Zxsbc i_caZ` [ue hq_gvih^Z\eyxsbfOb`bgZ [ueZjZkiheh`_gZ \ ohefbklhc jZ\gbg_ khkf_rZgghc jZklbl_evghklvxDmklZjgbdb b dZdlmku jhkeb \i_j_f_`dmgh ^_j_\v_\g_ [ueh kh\_jr_gghY g_ bkiulu\Ze `_eZgbym^Zeylvky hl^hfZ Mljhf `_gsbgu mrebFm`qbgu \fheqZgbb i_j_^\b]Zebkv \[ebab ^hfZHdheh ihem^gy \k_fu hiylvk_eb \ lhf `_ ihjy^d_dZd bij_û^ms_c ghqvx DhjabgZ kkmr_guf fykhfgZj_aZgguf gZdmkdb lZdhc `_ \_ebqbguqlh b[Zlhgqbdb i_chlZihreZ ihdjm]mG_dhlhju_ ba fm`qbgi_eb k\hbi_chlgu_ i_kgbQ_j_a qZkbeb hdhehlh]h \k_ hgbih^gyebkv bjZahrebkv \jZagu_ klhjhgu @_gsbgu hklZ\beb ]hjrhddZrb êyl_odlh ke_^bl aZ h]g_f b\h^hcY g_fgh]hih_eZ aZl_fijhkiZe [hevrmxqZklv \lhjhc iheh\bgu^gy Ihke_ lh]hdZd kl_fg_ehfhehû_ ex^bhl\_lkl\_ggu_ aZ h]hgvjZa\_eb hiylvdhkl_jb pbde ih_^Zgby i_chlZ gZqZeky \gh\vHg ijbf_jghr_e ihlhfm `_ihjy^dmqlh b ij_û^ms_c ghqvxb dhgqbekygZ jZkk\_l_ < l_q_gb_\k_c ghqby klZjZekygZ[ex^Zlv b aZibku\Zlv dZ`^h_ hl^_evgh_ ^\b`_gb_ dZ`^h]hba k_fb mqZlkgbdh\ \ gZ^_`^_ jZkdjulv fZe_crmxnhjfm \b^bfhckbkl_fu keh\_kghc beb [_kkeh\_kghck\yab f_`^mgbfbH^gZdh\ bo^_ckl\byo g_ [ueh gbq_]hqlh mdZau\Zeh[u gZkdjulmx kbkl_fm < gZqZe_ \_q_jZ pbde ih_^Zgby i_chlZ \hah[gh\beky hiylvD mljmy agZeqlh ihl_ji_eihegmx g_m^Zqm\ ihiuldZo gZclb dexqbmdZau\Zxsb_ gZkdjulh]h eb^_jZbeb jZkdjulv ohlv dZdmxgb[m^v nhjfmkdjulhc dhffmgbdZpbbf_`^m gbfbbeb dZdb_eb[h ke_ûbo kbkl_fukh]eZr_gby<_kv hklZlhd^gy y kb^_eijb\h^y \ihjy^hd k\hbaZibkb Dh]^Z fm`qbgukh[jZebkv hiylvêy q_l\_jlhcghqblh y dZdbflh h[jZahf agZeqlh wlZ\klj_qZ [m^_l ihke_^g_c Gbdlh gbq_]hh[ wlhfg_ ]h\hjbefg_h^gZdh yagZeqlh gZ ke_^mxsbc ^_gv hgb\k_ jZat_^mlkyY \gh\vk_e m \hûb dZ`ûc aZgyek\h_ f_klh\ lhfihjy^d_dZdhc [uemklZgh\e_g jZg__ Ih\_^_gb_ k_fbq_eh\_d \djm]m [uehih\lhj_gb_f lh]h qlh y\b^_e ljbij_û^msb_ ghqbY mr_e\ gZ[ex^_gb_aZ bo ^\b`_gbyfblZd`_dZd y^_eZe jZg__Y ohl_eaZibkZlv \k_ qlh hgb^_eZebdZ`^h_ ^\b`_gb_dZ`ûc `_kldZ`ûc a\md < dZdhclh fhf_gly mkeurZek\h_]h jh^Z]m^_gb_ \mrZo Wlh [uehh[uqguf a\hghf\ mrZob yg_ ijb^Ze_fm agZq_gby =m^_gb_ klZeh ]jhfq_h^gZdh hgh\k_ _s_[ueh \ ]jZgbpZo fhbo l_e_kguo hsms_gbcY ihfgxqlh klZe ^_eblv k\h_ \gbfZgb_ f_`^m ex^vfbaZ dhlhjufby gZ[ex^Zeb a\mdhf dhlhjuc y keurZeAZl_f \hij_^_e_gguc fhf_gl ebpZ ex^_c klZebdZaZehkvyjq_dZd [m^lh[u \dexqbebk\_lGh wlh [ueh g_kh\k_f lZddZd _keb[u \dexqbebwe_dljbq_kdbc k\_l beb aZ`]eb eZfimbeb dZd_keb [ubo ebpZ hk\_sZe k\_l dhkljZWlh kdhj__[ueh ihoh`_gZ exfbgbkp_gpbxjhah\h_ k\_q_gb_hq_gv jZafulh_gh aZf_lgh_k lh]hf_klZ]^_ y kb^_e=medZaZehkvm\_ebqbekyY \a]eygmegZ ih^jhkldZ dhlhjuc [uekh fghcgh lhlkiZe D lhfm \j_f_gb jhah\h_ k\_q_gb_ klZeh _s_ [he__ aZf_lgufY \a]eygmegZ ^hgZOmZgZ?]h ]eZaZ[ueb aZdjulu lZd `_[ueb aZdjulu]eZaZ m^hgZ Kbev\bhb mfhqhY g_fh] \b^_lv ]eZaZq_luj_o fhehûoex^_cihlhfm qlh^\h_ ba gbo kdehgbebkv \i_j_^Z ^\h_kb^_eb kibghcdh fg_ Y _s_[hevr_ mr_e\ gZ[ex^_gb_H^gZdhy _s_iheghklvx g_ ihgyeqlh y^_ckl\bl_evgh keurm]m^_gb_ b^_ckl\bl_evgh \b`m jhah\h_ k\_q_gb_ho\Zlu\Zxs__ ex^_cQ_j_a fbgmlm y khh[jZabeqlh jZafulucjhah\uc k\_lb ]m^_gb_[ueb hq_gv ihklhygguY i_j_`befhf_gl kbevg_cr_]haZf_rZl_evkl\ZZ aZl_f fg_ijbreZ \]heh\m fukevgbq_]h h[s_]hg_ bf_xsZyk hdjm`Zxsbf b ijhbkoh^ysbfdZd bk lhcp_evxdhlhjmx y ihklZ\be k_[_gZoh^ykv lmlY \kihfgbeh^gm \_svdhlhjmx fhy fZlvkdZaZeZ fg_dh]^Z y[ue j_[_gdhf Fukev [ueZhl\e_dZxs_c bhq_gv g_mf_klghcy ihiulZeky hlh]gZlv __ b\gh\v aZgylvkygZ[ex^_gb_fgh g_fh] wlh]h k^_eZlvFukev \ha\jZsZeZkvHgZ klZgh\beZkvkbevg__ b[he__ lj_[h\Zl_evghcb aZl_fy y\ghmkeurZe ]hehkfh_c fZl_jb dhlhjZy iha\ZeZf_gyY mkeurZere_iZgv_ __lZihq_d baZl_f __ kf_oY h]eygmekybsZ __Fg_ ij_^klZ\behkvqlh [eZ]h^Zjy dZdhfmlh fbjZ`m beb ]ZeexpbgZpbb y ihg_kmkv k_cqZk \h \j_f_gbb ijhkljZgkl\_b m\b`m__gh y m\b^_e lhevdh kb^ys_]h ih^jhkldZLhqlh ym\b^_e _]h jy^hf k kh[hc\kljyogmeh f_gyb ybkiulZe dhjhldbcfhf_gl e_]dhklb b lj_a\hklb Y hiylv ihkfhlj_e gZ]jmiim fm`qbgHgb kh\k_f g_ baf_gbeb k\h_]h iheh`_gbyH^gZdh k\_l ijhiZe b lZd`_ ijhiZeh ]m^_gb_m f_gy\ mrZoY ihqm\kl\h\Zeh[e_]q_gb_Y ih^mfZeqlh ]ZeexpbgZpby\ dhlhjhcy keurZe]hehk k\h_c fZl_jbijhreZ?_ ]hehk[ue lZdbfykguf b`b\ufY \gh\vb \gh\v ^mfZeqlh gZf]gh\_gb_ wlhl]hehk qmlv g_ ihcfZe f_gyY f_evdhfaZf_lbeqlh ^hgOmZg kfhljblgZ f_gygh wlh g_bf_eh agZq_gby F_gy ]bighlbabjh\Zeh\hkihfbgZgb_ h]hehk_ fh_cfZl_jb iha\Z\r_f f_gyY hlqZyggh klZjZeky ^mfZlv h q_feb[h ^jm]hfB ihlhfy \gh\vmkeurZe __]hehk lZdykghdZd _keb [u hgZklhyeZ mf_gy aZkibghcHgZ iha\ZeZf_gy ihbf_gbY [ukljh ih\_jgmekygh \k_qlh ym\b^_elZd wlh kbemwl ob`bgu bdmklh\ aZg_c Lhqlh ymkeurZe k\h_bfyijb\_eh f_gy \ ]em[hdh_ aZf_rZl_evkl\hY g_\hevghaZklhgZeY ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y oheh^gh b hq_gvh^bghdh bgZqZe ieZdZlv< wlhl fhf_gl m f_gy ihy\behkvhsms_gb_qlh ygm`^Zxkv \dhflhdlh [uh[h fg_ aZ[hlbekyY ih\_jgme]heh\mqlh[u ihkfhlj_lvgZ ^hgZ OmZgZhg kfhlj_egZ f_gyY g_ohl_e _]h\b^_lv b ihwlhfm aZdjue ]eZaZB lh]^Z ym\b^_e k\hx fZlvWlh g_ [ue fuke_gguc h[jZafh_c fZl_jblZddZd yh[uqgh hg_c ^mfZe Wlh [ueh ykgh_\b^_gb_ __klhys_c jy^hfY ihqm\kl\h\Ze hlqZygv_Y ^jh`Zeb ohl_em[_`Zlv<b^_gv_ fh_cfZl_jb [ueh kebrdhf [_kihdhysbfkebrdhf qm`ûflhfmqlh y bkdZe gZ wlhf i_chlghf kh[jZgbbH^gZdh g_[uehih`Zemckihkh[Z ba[_`Zlv wlh]h <_jhylghy fh][u hldjulv]eZaZ_keb [^_ckl\bl_evgh ohl_eqlh[ \b^_gb_ bkq_aehgh \f_klhwlh]h y klZe _]h ^_lZevgh jZkkfZljb\ZlvFh_ jZkkfZljb\Zgb_[ueh [hevr_q_f ijhklh_ kfhlj_gb_ gZ g__wlh [ueZ ih^khagZl_evgZy kdmjime_aghklv b lsZl_evghklvHq_gv ex[hiulgh_ qm\kl\h ho\Zlbeh f_gydZd _keb [wlh [ueh\g_rg_c kbehcb y \g_aZigh ihqm\kl\h\Zem`ZkZxsmx ly`_klvex[\b fh_c fZl_jb Dh]^Z ymkeurZe k\h_bfyy dZd[u jZahj\ZekyiZfylv hfh_c fZl_jb gZihegbeZf_gy g_j\haghklvxb f_eZgoheb_cgh dh]^Zy jZkkfhlj_e __lh yihgyeqlh gbdh]^Zg_ ex[be__Wlh [ueh rhdbjmxs__ hldjulb_Fukeb b\b^_gby oeugmebgZ f_gydZd h[\Ze<b^_gb_ fh_cfZl_jb ^he`gh[ulv l_f\j_f_g_f bkq_aeh Hgh [he__ g_[ueh \Z`gufY g_[ue [he__ aZbgl_j_kh\Zg \ lhfqlh lZf^_eZeb bg^_cpuNZdlbq_kdby aZ[ueh fblhl_Y [ue ih]jm`_g\ k_jbxg_h[uqguo fuke_cg_h[uqguoihlhfm qlh wlh [ueh [hevr_q_f ijhklhfukebwlh [ueb aZdhgq_ggu_ _^bgbpu hsms_gbcy\ey\rboky wfhpbhgZevgufbhij_^_e_ggufb b [_kkihjgufb ^hdZaZl_evkl\Zfb bklbgghc ijbjhû fhbo \aZbfhhlghr_gbc kfh_c fZl_jvx < hij_^_e_gguc fhf_gl ijblhdwlbo g_h[uqguo fuke_c ij_djZlbekyY aZf_lbeqlh hgbihl_jyeb k\hxl_dmq_klv b k\h_ dZq_kl\h p_ehklguo_^bgbp hsms_gbyY gZqZe^mfZlv h ^jm]bo \_sZoFhc fha]aZibgZekyY ih^mfZeh ^jm]boqe_gZo fh_c k_fvbgh wlbfukeb g_khijh\h`^Zebkv m`_ \b^_gbyfb Lh]^Z y\a]eygme gZ^hgZ OmZgZHg klhyeHklZevgu_ fm`qbgu lh`_ klhyebb aZl_fhgb \k_ihreb d\h^_Y ih^\bgmeky b lhedgme iZj_gvdZdhlhjuc \k__s_ kiZe Y jZkkdZaZe ^hgm OmZgm\kx ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv fhbo ihjZabl_evguo \b^_gbcihqlb kjZam`_dZd lhevdhfu k_eb \ fhx fZrbgmHg aZkf_yekyk [hevrbfm^h\hevkl\b_f b kdZaZe qlh fh_\b^_gb_ [uehagZdhfmdZaZgb_f lZdbf`_ \Z`gufdZd b fhc i_j\uc hiulk f_kdZeblhY \kihfgbeqlh ^hg OmZg bklhedh\Ze l_ j_Zdpbbdhlhju_ y bf_edh]^Z \i_j\u_ ihijh[Ze i_chldZd i_j\hkl_i_gghc \Z`ghklb mdZaZgby nZdlbq_kdb[eZ]h^Zjy wlhfmhg bj_rbe mqblvf_gy >hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh \l_q_gb_ ihke_^g_cghqb fblhlZ f_kdZeblh lZd y\ghmdZaZe gZf_gyqlh \k_[ueb \ugm`^_gu ih\_jgmlvky dhfg_ bihwlhfmlh hgb kfhlj_egZ f_gydh]^Z y \a]eygme\ _]hklhjhgm Y aZohl_emagZlv _]hbklhedh\Zgb_ fhbo\b^_gbcgh hg h[ wlhf g_ohl_e ]h\hjblvHg kdZaZeqlh qlh[u lZfy gb m\b^_e wlh q_imoZih kjZ\g_gbxk mdZaZgb_f >hg OmZgijh^he`Ze ]h\hjblvh lhfdZd k\_l f_kdZeblh ihdjue f_gyb dZd\k_ wlhm\b^_eb Wlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh[ueh dh_qlhkdZaZe hgy ih`Zemcg_ fh][u ihlj_[h\Zlvemqr_]h agZdZ Fu k ^hghfOmZghf y\ghreb ih^\mf jZaguf ijhki_dlZf fukebHg [ue aZgyl \Z`ghklvxl_o kh[ulbcdhlhju_ hg bklhedh\u\ZedZd mdZaZgb_Z f_gyaZgbfZeb ^_lZeblh]hqlh y m\b^_e Fg_ g_l^_eZ ^hmdZaZgbckdZaZe yy ohqmagZlv qlh lZdh_kemqbehkv khfghc Hg k^_eZe]jbfZkmdZd _keb[u [ueh]hjq_gb hklZ\Zeky fbgmlm hq_gvg_ih^\b`guf bhdZf_g_\rbfAZl_f hg\a]eygme gZ f_gy?]h lhg [ue hq_gv ihehg kbeuHg kdZaZeqlh _^bgkl\_ggh \Z`guffhf_glhf [uehlhqlh f_kdZeblh[ue lZd [eZ]hkdehg_g dh fg_b ihdjuef_gy k\hbfk\_lhfb ^Ze fg_ mjhdohly yg_ k^_eZekh k\h_cklhjhgu êywlh]h gbdZdbo mkbebcZ ijhklhgZoh^beky ih[ebahklb =eZ\Z q_ l\ _j lZ y k_gly[jy ]h^Z yih_oZe \Khghjm gZ\_klblv ^hgZ OmZgZ<uihegyy _]h ijhkv[mdhlhjmx hg k^_eZe \ fhc ij_û^msbc \babld g_fmy ihimlb hklZgh\beky\ ?jfhkbevh qlh[u dmiblv _fmkZfh]hgdm baebklv_\ Z]Z\uih^ gZa\Zgb_f [ZdZghjZ< wlhl jZa _]hijhkv[Z ihdZaZeZkv fg_ hq_gv kljZgghcihkdhevdm yagZeqlh hgg_ ex[bliblvh^gZdh y dmibe q_luj_ [mluedb bkmgme bo\ ysbd\f_kl_ k ^jm]bfb \_sZfbdhlhju_ y\_a _fm AZq_f ludmibe q_luj_[mluedb"kdZaZe hgkf_ykv dh]^Z y hldjue ysbdy ijhkbel_[y dmiblv fg_ h^gm GZ\_jghlu ih^mfZeqlh [ZdZghjZêy f_gygh wlhêy fh_]h \gmdZ Exkbhb l_[_gm`gh [m^_l^Zlv wlh_fmdZd _keb[ wlh [ue l\hckh[kl\_gguc ih^Zjhd Y \klj_qZekyk \gmdhf^hgZ OmZgZ^\mfy ]h^Zfb jZgvr_ _fm [uehlh]^Z e_lHg [uehq_gv \ukhdbc\ur_ kfb \k_]^Z [uewdkljZ\Z]Zglgh ohjhrhh^_l êyk\hbo kj_^kl\b ih kjZ\g_gbx k hdjm`Zxsbfb_]h< lh\j_fydZd [hevrbgkl\h bg^_cp_\ ydb ghkbeb^`bgkukhehf_ggu_ reyiu b ^hfZrg_]h ba]hlh\e_gby kZg^Zebb]ZjZq_kh^_`^m Exkbh khklZ\eyeb ^hjh]hc q_jghcdh`b `be_lkh fgh`_kl\hfq_j_iZoh\uo im]h\bp l_oZkkdZy dh\[hckdZy reyiZb iZjZkZih] k fhgh]jZffZfb b jmqghc hl^_edhc Exkbh [ueh[jZ^h\Zg ihemq_gb_fkZfh]hgdb b g_f_ê_ggh mlZsbe [mluedb \^hfhq_\b^ghqlh[u bom[jZlv>hg OmZg agZqbl_evgh aZf_lbeqlh gbdh]^Zg_ ke_^m_lijylZlv gZibldb b iblvbo h^ghfmExkbh hl\_lbeqlh g_ijyq_l boZ m[bjZ_l ^h lh]h\_q_jZdh]^Z hgijb]eZkbl k\hbo^jma_c b\uiv_l k gbfb L_f `_ \_q_jhfhdheh k_fbqZkh\y \_jgmeky d ^hfm Exkbh;ueh l_fghY kfmlghjZa]ey^_e kbemwlu^\mo ex^_c klhysbo ih^ ^_j_\hfWlh [ueExkbh bh^bg ba _]h ^jma_c dhlhju_ `^Zeb f_gy bijh\_eb \^hf ijb k\_l_ dZjfZggh]h nhgZjbdZ >hf Exkbh ij_^klZ\eye kh[hc kZfZggh_ g_mdex`__ khhjm`_gb_ ka_feyguf ihehfb ^\mfydhfgZlZfb>ebghc hg[ue hdheh f_ljh\ bih^^_j`b\Zeky ^h\hevghlhgdbfb ^_j_\yggufb klhcdZfb ba f_kdZclh\h]h^_j_\ZHg bf_edZd b^hfZ \k_o bg^_cp_\ ydbiehkdmx ihdZlmx djurm b jZfZ^mdhlhjZy ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc k\h_]h jh^Z \_jZg^m \^hev \k_c njhglZevghc qZklb ^hfZDjurZ jZfZû gbdh]^Z g_ [u\Z_l ihdZlhchgZ ^_eZ_lkyba ijmlv_\meh`_gguo k ijhf_`mldZfb lZdqlh djurZ ^Z_l ^hklZlhqgh l_gbb \ lh `_ \j_fy iha\hey_l \ha^momk\h[h^gh pbjdmebjh\Zlv Dh]^Z y \hr_e \^hflh y\dexqbe k\hc fZ]gblhnhg dhlhjuc [uem f_gy\ ihjln_e_Exkbh ij_^klZ\bef_gy k\hbf ^jmavyf<dexqZy ^hgZOmZgZ\ ^hf_[ueh \hk_fvfm`qbgHgb kb^_eb dlh]^_ \p_glj_ dhfgZluih^ yjdbfk\_lhf [_gabgh\hc eZfiuk\bkZ\r_c ki_j_deZ^bgu ihlhedZ>hg OmZgkb^_e gZ ysbd_Y k_e ebphfd g_fmgZ djZx lj_of_ljh\hc kdZfvb k^_eZgghc ba lheklhc ^hkdbijb[blhc d ^\mf qmj[ZdZf \dhiZgguf \a_fex >hg OmZg iheh`bek\hx reyimgZ a_fexjy^hf k kh[hc K\_l [_gabgh\hc eZfiu ^_eZe _]h dhjhldb_ k_û_ \hehku k\_jdZxs_ [_eufbY \a]eygme _fm \ ebphK\_l lZd`_ ih^q_jdgme ]em[hdb_fhjsbgu gZ_]h r__b e[mb aZklZ\be_]h \u]ey^_lv l_fg__b klZjr_ Y \a]eygme gZhklZevguo fm`qbgIjb a_e_gh\Zlh[_ehf k\_l_ [_gabgh\hceZfiu \k_hgb \u]ey^_ebmklZeufb bklZjufb Exkbh h[jZlbeky dh\k_f ihbkiZgkdb bkdZaZe ]jhfdbf ]hehkhfqlh fuk_cqZk jZahiv_f[mluedm [ZdZghjudhlhjmx y ijb\_a _fmba ?jfhkbevhHg ihr_e\ ^jm]mxdhfgZlmijbg_k [mluedmhldjue __ bi_j_^Ze __fg_ \f_kl_ k fZe_gvdhc `_klyghc qZrdhcY gZebehq_gv g_fgh]h\ qZrdm b \uibe ;ZdZghjZ hdZaZeZkvfgh]h [he__]mklhcq_f h[uqguckZfh]hg ^Z bdj_iq_ lh`_Y aZdZreyekyY i_j_^Ze[mluedm b dZ`ûc gZebe k_[_ g_[hevrmx ^hamdZ`ûcaZ bkdexq_gb_f ^hgZ OmZgZHg ijhklh\aye [mluedmb ihklZ\be__ i_j_^ Exkbh dhlhjuc [ueihke_^gbf ihdjm]m <k_ h[f_gyebkv aZf_qZgbyfbh [h]Zlhf[md_l_ b \dmk_ kh^_j`bfh]h wlhc [mluedbb \k_kh]eZkbebkvqlh gZiblhd ^he`gh [ulvijb]hlh\eyeky \ukhdh\ ]hjZoQbomZomZ ;mluedZ ijhreZih djm]m_s_ jZaFm`qbgu h[ebaZeb]m[u ih\lhjbeb k\hb iho\Zeub gZqZeb`b\hc jZa]h\hjh aZf_lghc jZagbp_ f_`^mkZfh]hghfba]hlh\ey_fuf hdheh=mZ^ZeZoZjZ b l_fqlh ijboh^blk \ukhlQbomZomZ <h \j_fy\lhjh]h djm]Z^hg OmZghiylv g_ibeb ygZebe k_[_ ebrv gZ]ehlhdgh \k_hklZevgu_ gZihegbeb qZrdm ^h djZ_\;mluedZ ijhreZlj_lbc djm]b himkl_eZ Ijbg_kb hklZevgu_[mluedbExkbhkdZaZe ^hgOmZg ExkbhdZaZehkvdhe_[Zekyb ^hg OmZgdZd [u g_\agZqZch[tykgbe hklZevgufqlh yijb\_a q_luj_ [mluedb êy Exkbh ;_gbgvhfheh^hc q_eh\_d\ \hajZkl_Exkbhihkfhlj_e gZ ihjln_evdhlhjuc y[_kkhagZl_evgh ihklZ\beihaZ^b k_[yb kijhkbeg_ y\eyxkv eb yijh^Z\phf kZfh]hgZ>hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh wlhg_ lZdb qlhy ijb_oZegZ\_klblv _]h DZjehk bamqZ_lf_kdZeblhb y_]h mqmkdZaZe ^hg OmZg<k_ \a]eygmebgZ f_gyb \_èb\hmeu[gmebkv ;Zo_Z^jh\hk_dg_[hevrh]h jhklZ lhsbc q_eh\_d k hkljufb q_jlZfbebpZijbklZevgh kfhlj_egZ f_gyk_dmg^mZ aZl_f kdZaZeqlh deZ^h\sbdh[\bgye f_gy\ lhfqlh yribhg Zf_jbdZgkdhc dhfiZgbbdhlhjZy kh[bjZ_lkyhldjulv jm^gbdbgZ a_fe_ ydb<k_ j_Z]bjh\ZebdZd [m^lh g_ ijbqZklgu d ih^h[ghfm h[\bg_gbxDjhf_ lh]hhgb \k_ g_^hex[eb\Zeb deZ^h\sbdZdhlhjuc [uef_dkbdZgp_f bebdZd ]h\hjyl ydb chjb Exkbh ijhr_e \ ^jm]mxdhfgZlm b \_jgmeky k ^jm]hc [mluedhc [ZdZghjuHg hldjue__gZebe k_[_ ih[hevr_Z aZl_f i_j_^Ze__ ihdjm]mJZa]h\hj i_j_r_egZ \_jhylghklv lh]hqlh Zf_jbdZgkdZydhfiZgby h[hkgm_lky\ Khghj_b h \hafh`guo ihke_^kl\byowlh]h êyydb ;mluedZ \_jgmeZkvd ExkbhHg ih^gye__ bihkfhlj_e gZ kh^_j`bfh_kdhevdh lZf_s_ hklZehkv KdZ`b _fmimklv g_]hjx_lijhr_ilZe fg_^hg OmZg kdZ`b _fmqlh luijb\_a_rv \ke_^mxsbc jZa_s_ Y gZdehgbekyd Exkbhb aZ\_jbe_]hqlh \ke_^mxsbc jZa y kh[bjZxkvijb\_alb _fmg_ f_g__ihem^x`bgu [mluehd GZdhg_pjZa]h\hjdZaZehkv [u\u^hoky Ihq_fm [ul_[_ g_jZkkdZaZlv j_[ylZfh k\h_c\klj_q_ k f_kdZeblh"Y ^mfZxqlh wlh[m^_l gZfgh]hbgl_j_kg_cq_f wlhl gbdq_fgucjZa]h\hj hlhfqlh kemqblky_keb Zf_jbdZgpu ijb^ml \Khghjm F_kdZeblh wlh i_chl^_^"kijhkbe Exkbh k ex[hiulkl\hf G_dhlhju_ ah\ml_]h lZdkmoh kdZaZe^hg OmZgy ij_îhqblZx gZau\Zlv_]h f_kdZeblh WlZ ijhdeylZyrlmdZ \uau\Z_lkmfZkr_kl\b_kdZaZe O_gZjh\ukhdbc m]eh\Zlucfm`qbgZ kj_^g_]h\hajZklZ Y iheZ]Zx]emih ]h\hjblvqlh f_kdZeblh \uau\Z_l kmfZkr_kl\b_fy]dh kdZaZe^hg OmZgihlhfm qlh_keb [u wlh [uehlZdlh DZjehkg_ ]h\hjbe[u k_cqZkk \ZfblmlZ [ue [u m`_ \ kfbjbl_evghcjm[Zrd_Hg ijbgbfZe _]hb \a]eygbl_dZ hg a^hjh\[Zo_Z meu[gmeky b kfms_ggh kdZaZedlh fh`_lagZlv"b \k_jZkkf_yebkv Lh]^Z \a]eygbl_gZ f_gykdZaZe ^hgOmZgy agZe f_kdZeblh ihqlb\kx `bagvb hggbdh]^Z g_ih\j_^be fg_gb \ q_fFm`qbgu g_kf_yebkvgh [uehhq_\b^ghqlh hgb g_ ijbgbfZxl _]h\k_jv_a K ^jm]hcklhjhguijh^he`Ze ^hgOmZgkijZ\_êb\h lhqlh f_kdZeblhk\h^bl ex^_ck mfZdZd lukdZaZegh ebrv lh]^Zdh]^Z hgbijboh^yl dg_fmg_ agZyqlh hgb^_eZxl Wkdm_j_klZjbdijb[ebabl_evgh \\hajZkl_ ^hgZOmZgZ ke_]dZ ofudgmeihdZqZ\ ]heh\hc Qlh luohq_rvOmZgkdZaZlv wlbfagZy"kijhkbe hgIjhreuc jZadh]^Z yl_[y \b^_elu ]h\hjbe lh `_ kZfh_ Ex^b koh^ylk mfZdh]^Z gZ]ehlZxlkywlh]h i_chlgh]h kgZ^h[vyijh^he`Ze O_gZjhY \b^_edZd bg^_cpu Mbqhe _eb _]hHgb ^_ckl\h\Zeb lZddZd [m^lh[u m gbo [ueZ ]hjyqdZHgb ^_j]Zebkvb i_j^_ebb kkZeb ih\kx^m Mihlj_[eyy wlhijhdeylh_ kgZ^h[v_fh`gh ihemqblvwibe_ikbx Bf_ggh lZdkdZaZe fg_h^gZ`û fbkl_jkZeZkijZ\bl_evkl\_g guc bg`_g_j: \_^vwibe_ikby wlh gZ\kx `bagvaZf_lvl_ Wlh agZqbl [ulvom`_ `b\hlguofjZqgh ^h[Z\be ;Zo_Z Lu \b^_e lhevdh lhm bg^_cp_\ Mbqheqlh ohl_e \b^_lvO_gZjhkdZaZe ^hgOmZggZijbf_jlu kh\k_fg_ ^Ze k_[_ljm^Z \uykgblvm gboqlh wlhagZqbl [ulvagZdhfuf k f_kdZeblhGZkdhevdh yagZxf_kdZeblh gbdh]^Zgbdh]h g_ k^_eZe wibe_ilbdhfIjZ\bl_evkl\_gguc bg`_g_jchjbb y khfg_\Zxkvqlh[u chjbagZe qlheb[h h[wlhfLu\_jghg_ ^mfZ_rvqlh \k_l_ lukyqbex^_cdhlhju_ agZxlf_kdZeblh kmfZkr_^rb_beb g_lZd" Hgb ^he`gu[ulv kmfZkr_^rbfbbeb hq_gv[ebadh dlhfm qlh[ ^_eZlvih^h[gu_ \_sbhl\_lbe O_gZjh Gh _keb\k_ wlblukyqb ex^_ckmfZkr_^rb_ \h^gh blh `_ \j_fylh dlh[m^_l ^_eZlvbo jZ[hlm"DZd hgbmobljyxlky \u`blv"kijhkbe ^hgOmZg FZdZjbhdhlhjuc ijb_oZek lhcklhjhgu ba KR: jZkkdZau\Ze fg_qlh \kydbcdlh ijbgbfZ_li_chlevhlf_q_g gZ \kx`bagvkdZaZe Wkdm_j_ FZdZjbh e`_l_keb hglZd ]h\hjblkdZaZe ^hgOmZg y m\_j_gqlh hgg_ agZ_llh]hh q_f]h\hjbl Hg ^_ckl\bl_evgh]h\hjbl hq_gvfgh]h e`bkdZaZe ;_gbgvh Dlh lZdhcFZdZjbh"kijhkbe y Hg bg^__pydbdhlhjuc `b\_la^_kvkdZaZe Exkbh hg ]h\hjblqlh hgba :jbahgub qlh\h \j_fy\hcgu hg[ue \ ?\jhi_Hg jZkkdZau\Z_l\kydh_ Hg ]h\hjblqlh [ueihedh\gbdhfkdZaZe ;_gbgvh <k_ jZkkf_yebkvb jZa]h\hj g_gZ^he]h i_j_r_e gZ g_\_jhylgu_ jZkkZauFZdZjbhgh ^hgOmZg \gh\v\_jgme _]hd l_f_ f_kdZeblh ?keb \k_\u agZ_l_qlh FZdZjbhe`_plh dZd`_ \u fh`_l_ \_jblv_fmdh]^Z hg]h\hjbl hf_kdZeblh" Lu bf__rv\ \b^mi_chl^_^"kijhkbe ExkbhdZd _keb [uhg ^_ckl\bl_evghiulZeky hij_^_eblvkfuke l_jfbgZ >ZQ_jl \havfb Lhg ^hgZ OmZgZ [uehkljuf bj_adbfExkbh g_\hevgh jZkijyfbekyb gZ k_dmg^m yihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh \k_ hgb bkim]Zebkv AZl_f ^hgOmZg meu[gmekyb ijh^he`Zekihdhcguf ]hehkhf JZa\_ \u^jmavyg_ \b^bl_qlh FZdZjbhg_ agZ_l lh]hh q_f]h\hjbl"JZa\_ \ug_ \b^bl_qlh êylh]hqlh[ ]h\hjblv hf_kdZeblhgm`gh agZlv" Hiylv luijbr_e lm^Z`_kdZaZe Wkdm_j_qlh q_jl \havfbagZqbl wlhagZgb_Lu om`_q_f FZdZjbhLhl ih djZcg_cf_j_]h\hjbl lhqlh mg_]h gZmf_agZ_l hgwlh beb g_ agZ_lM`_ fgh]he_l ykeurZedZd lu]h\hjbeqlh gZf gm`ghagZlvQlh gZfgm`gh agZlv" >hg OmZg]h\hjbeqlh \i_chl_ _klv^mokdZaZe ;_gbgvh Y \b^_ei_chl \ihe_gh ygbdh]^Z g_\b^_e gb^moh\ gb qlheb[h \jh^_lh]h^h[Z\be ;Zo_Z F_kdZeblh ihoh`gZ ^moih`Zemch[tykgbe ^hgOmZg Gh q_f[u hggb [uewlh g_klZgh\blky ykgh^h l_o ihj ihdZ g_ magZ_rvh g_fWkdm_j_ `Zem_lkyqlh y]h\hjx wlh m`_ fgh]he_lQlh `^_ckl\bl_evgh wlhlZdGh g_fhy \bgZ \ lhfqlh \ug_ ihgbfZ_l_;Zo_Z ]h\hjbeqlh lhldlh ijbf_l _]hklZgh\blky ihoh`gZ `b\hlgh_Qlh `y lZd g_ ^mfZx>ey f_gyl_dlh ^mfZxlqlh hgb\ur_ `b\hlguo`b\ml om`_q_f `b\hlgu_<a]eygb gZ fh_]h \gmdZ a^_kvHg jZ[hlZ_l [_a hlûoZY [ukdZaZeqlh hg`b\_l êy lh]h qlh[u jZ[hlZlvdZd fmeB \k_qlh hg^_eZ_l g_`b\hlgh]h lZd wlhgZib\Z_lky <k_ jZkkf_yebkv<bdlhjhq_gv fheh^hc q_eh\_d dhlhjucdZaZehkv_s_ g_\ur_e baih^jhkldh\h]h \hajZklZ kf_yeky a\hgq_\k_oWebobhfheh^hc n_jf_j^h kboihj g_ ijhbag_k gbkeh\ZHg kb^_egZ ihemkijZ\Z hlf_gyhi_jrbkv kibghc gZf_rdb kobfbq_kdbfb m^h[j_gbyfbkeh`_ggufb \gmljb ^hfZ hl ^h`^yHg [ueh^gbf ba ^jma_c ^_lkl\Z Exkbh \u]ey^_e kbevguf bohly [uegb`_ Exkbhjhklhf[ue [he__ ih^lygml bemqr_ keh`_g WebobhdZaZehkvbgl_j_kh\Zeb keh\Z^hgZ OmZgZ;Zo_Z iulZeky hiylv[jhkblv aZf_qZgb_gh Webobh_]h i_j_[be DZdbf h[jZahfi_chl baf_gbe[u \k_wlh"kijhkbe hg Fg_ dZ`_lkyqlh q_eh\_djh`^_g jZ[hlZlv\kx k\hx `bagv dZd jZ[hlZxlfmeu F_kdZeblh f_gy_l\k_kdZaZe ^hgOmZgbh^gZdh `_gZf \k_jZ\gh ijb^_lkyjZ[hlZlv dZdb \k_f hklZevguf dZd fmeZfY kdZaZeqlh \gmljbf_kdZeblh _klv^moihlhfm qlh wlh qlhlh \jh^_^moZqlh \ghkblbaf_g_gby \ ex^_c >modhlhjuc fu fh`_fm\b^_lv bihljh]Zlv^modhlhjuc f_gy_l gZkbgh]^Z ^Z`_ijhlb\ gZr_c\heb I_chl k\h^bll_[y kmfZkdZaZe O_gZjhZ aZl_f ludhg_qgh\_jbrvqlh baf_gbeky<_jgh" DZd hgfh`_l baf_gblvgZk"gZklZb\Ze Webobh Hg h[mqZ_lgZk ijZ\bevghfmh[jZam `bagbkdZaZe ^hg OmZghg ihfh]Z_lb aZsbsZ_ll_odlh _]hagZ_lLZ `bagv dhlhjmx \uj_[ylZ\_^_l_ g_ `bagvkh\k_f\u g_ agZ_l_ lh]h kqZklvydhlhjh_ ijhbkl_dZ_l ba ^_eZgvy \_s_c hkhagZgghM \Zkg_l aZsblgbdZ Qlh luih^jZamf_\Z_rv"kijhkbe O_gZjhh[b`_gghm gZk _klv gZr ]hkih^vBbkmk Ojbklhkb gZrZ fZlv >_\Zb fZe_gvdZy ^_\Z=\Z^_emikdZyJZa\_ hgbg_ gZrbaZsblgbdb" OhjhrZy dmqZ aZsblgbdh\kdZaZe ^hg OmZg gZkf_reb\hjZa\_ hgbgZmqbeb l_[yemqr_fm h[jZam`bagb" Wlh ihlhfmqlh ex^bbo g_kemrZxlaZijhl_klh\Ze O_gZjhhgb h[jZsZxlk\h_ \gbfZgb_lhevdh d^vy\hem ?keb [u hgb[ueb gZklhysbfb aZsblgbdZfbhgb [u aZklZ\beb l_[ykemrZlvkdZaZe ^hgOmZg_keb f_kdZeblh klZg_l l\hbf aZsblgbdhflh l_[_ ijb^_lky kemrZlv _]h ihgjZ\blky l_[_ wlh beb g_lihlhfm qlh lu fh`_rv _]h \b^_lvb lu ^he`_g ke_^h\Zlvlhfmqlh hg kdZ`_lHg aZklZ\bl l_[y ihôh^blvd g_fmk m\Z`_gb_f: g_lZddZd \uj_[ylZijb\udeb ijb[eb`Zlvkyd k\hbfaZsblgbdZf Qlh lubf__rv \\b^mOmZg"kijhkbe wkdm_j_ Y bf_x\ \b^mqlh êy\Zk ijbclbd \ZrbfaZsblgbdZf hagZqZ_lqlh h^ghfmba \Zkgm`gh b]jZlvgZ kdjbid_ \ lh \j_fydZd lZgphj^he`_g gZ^_lvk\hx fZkdmb gZdhe_ggbdb b ]j_f_lv b lZgp_\Zlv \ lh\j_fydZd hklZevgu_ ba \Zk ivygkl\mxl kj_^b bg^_cp_\ P_gljZevghc b X`ghc :f_jbdb dZlhebq_kdb_ ijZa^gbdb ijhl_dZxldZd dZjgZ\Zeu k h[yaZl_evgufb dhklxfbjh\Zggufb lZgpZfbêysbfbky bgh]^Z g_kdhevdh ^g_cLZgphju ij_^\Zjbl_evghdZd ijZ\beh ijhoh^yl dmjkh[mq_gby \fhgZklujyo wlb ^Zggu_y ijb\h`m ba ebl_jZlmju bnbevfh\ <F<hl lu;_gbgvhlu [ue lZgphjhf dh]^ZlhjZkkdZ`b gZfh[ wlhf Y [jhkbewlh q_j_aljb ]h^ZkdZaZe ;_gbgvhwlh ly`_eZy jZ[hlZ Kijhkb ExkbhkdZaZe Wkdm_j_k kZjdZafhfhg [jhkbe wlh^_eh q_j_ag_^_ex <k_ jZkkf_yebkv<k_djhf_ ^hgZOmZgZExkbh aZkf_yeky y\gh jZa^jZ`_gghb \uibe^\Z h]jhfguo]ehldZ [ZdZghju Wlh g_ljm^ghwlh ]emihkdZaZe ^hgOmZgkijhkb <Ze_gkbhlZgphjZgjZ\blky eb _fm lZgp_\Zlv?fm g_ gjZ\blkyHg ijb\udd wlhfmb \k_Y fgh]he_l \b^_edZd hg lZgpm_lb dZ`ûc jZa y\b^_e h^gb b l_ `_ iehoh \uihegy_fu_ ^\b`_gbyHg g_]hj^blky k\hbf bkdmkkl\hf aZ bkdexq_gb_f l_okemqZ_\dh]^Z hg]h\hjbl hg_fHg g_ex[bl _]hihwlhfm ]h^ aZ ]h^hf hgih\lhjy_l h^gb b l_ `_ ^\b`_gbyLhqlh [uehiehoh]h \_]h lZgpZo\ kZfhfgZqZe_ klZeh nbdkbjh\ZggufHg g_fh`_l [hevr_\b^_lv wlh]h ?]h gZmqbeblZd lZgp_\ZlvkdZaZe Webobhy lh`_ [ue lZgphjhf\ ]hjh^_LhjbfY agZxqlh lZgp_\ZlvgZ^h lZd dZd l_[ymqZl <h \kydhfkemqZ_ <Ze_gkbhwlh g_emqrbc lZgphj kdZaZe Wkdm_j__klv b^jm]b_DZd gZkq_lKZdZl_db" KZdZl_dZ q_eh\_d agZgbyHg g_hlghkblky dlhfm `_ deZkkmqlh b \uj_[ylZkdZaZe ^hgOmZg j_adhhg lZgpm_lihlhfm qlhlZdh\Z kdehgghklv_]h gZlmju<k_qlh y ohl_e kdZaZlvlZd wlhlhqlh \udhlhju_ g_ y\ey_l_kv lZgphjZfbg_ gZkeZ`^Z_l_kvlZgp_fFh`_l [ulv_keb lZg_p ohjhrh \uiheg_glh g_dhlhju_ba \ZkihemqZl m^h\hevkl\b_ H^gZdh fZeh dlhba \ZkgZklhevdh agZ_llZg_pIhwlhfm \Zf hklZ_lky \_kvfZ beexahjgZy djhrdZ jZ^hklb<hl ihq_fm ^jmavy\k_ \uivygbpu<a]eygbl_ kx^ZgZ fh_]h\gmdZ ;jhkv wlh^_âZijhl_klh\Ze Exkbh Hg g_e_gb\ bg_ ]emiijh^he`Ze ^hgOmZggh qlh _s_ hg^_eZ_ldjhf_ dZdiv_l" Hg ihdmiZ_ldh`Zgu_ `be_luaZf_lbe O_gZjhb \k_ kemrZl_eb aZohohlZeb Exkbh \uibe_s_ [ZdZgZju B dZd `_fh`_l i_chlbaf_gblv \k_wlh"kijhkbe Webobh ?keb [ ExkbhklZe bkdZlvaZsblgbdZkdZaZe ^hg OmZglh _]h`bagv baf_gbeZkv[uY g_agZx \ lhqghklb dZd bf_gghgh ym\_j_gqlh hgZklZeZ [ubghc Hg [jhkbliblvwlh luohq_rv kdZaZlv"gZklZb\Ze Webobh Fh`_l [ulvhg [jhkbe[u?fm gm`ghqlhlh _s_ihfbfh kZfh]hgZqlh[u _]h`bagv klZeZm^h\e_l\hjbl_evghcB wlh qlhlhq_f [u hgh gb [uehfh`_l [ulv ij_^hklZ\e_gh aZsblgbdhf Lh]^Z i_chl ^he`_g[ulv hq_gv \dmkgufkdZaZe Webobh Y [uwlh]h g_kdZaZekdZaZe ^hgOmZg Gh dZd`_q_jl \havfbfh`gh gZkeZ`^Zlvkyl_fqlh g_\dmkgh"kijhkbe Webobh Hg ^Z_l \hafh`ghklvemqr_ gZkeZ`^Zlvky `bagvx kdZaZe ^hgOmZg Gh _kebhg g_\dmkguclh dZd`_ hgfh`_l aZklZ\blv gZk emqr_gZkeZ`^Zlvky `bagvx"gZklZb\Ze Webobhwlh g_ bf__l kfukeZ Kfukedhg_qgh_klvkdZaZe O_gZjhk m[_`^_gb_f i_chl ^_eZ_l l_[y kmfZkr_^rbfb_kl_kl\_gghqlh lu ^mfZ_rvqlh bf__rvemqr__ \j_fyk\h_c `bagbqlh [ulu gb ^_eZe Hiylv \k_aZkf_yebkv Kfuke _klvijh^he`Ze ^hgOmZgdZd gb\ q_f g_ [u\Zeh_keb \uih^mfZ_l_ hlhfdZd fZehfu agZ_fb dZd fgh]h _klv q_]h\b^_lvWlh [jZ]Z^_eZ_l ex^_c [_amfgufb HgZ ih^h]j_\Z_l\hh[jZ`_gb_F_kdZeblhgZijhlb\h[hkljy_l \k_Hg ^Z_l \Zf\hafh`ghklv \b^_lv\k_ lZd ohjhrhLZd ohjhrh Exkbh b;_gbgvh \a]eygmeb^jm] gZ^jm]Z b meu[gmebkv dZd _keb[ hgb\k_ wlhm`_ keurZebjZgvr_O_gZjh bWkdm_j_ klZeb [he__ [_kihdhcgufb bklZeb ]h\hjblv h^gh\j_f_ggh <bdlhj kf_yekyihdju\Zy \k_hklZevgu_ ]hehkZDZaZehkv _^bgkl\_gguf aZbgl_j_kh\Zgguf[ue Webobh DZd fh`_li_chl \k_wlh k^_eZlv"kijhkbe hg < i_j\mxhq_j_^vh[tykgbe ^hgOmZglu ^he`_g aZohl_lv ihagZdhfblvky k gbfB y^mfZxqlh wlh kZfuc \Z`guc fhf_glAZl_f lu^he`_g [ulvij_^klZ\e_g _fmb lu ^he`_g \klj_qZlv _]h fgh]h jZaij_`^_q_f lu kfh`_rv kdZaZlvqlh agZ_rv_]h B qlhkemqblvky lh]^Z"kijhkbe Webobh O_gZjh \f_rZeky Lu [m^_rveZaZlv ihdjur_Z `hiZhklZg_lky gZa_fe_ Ijbkmlkl\mxsb_ ihdZlbebkvhl kf_oZ Qlh kemqblkyihlhfiheghklvx aZ\bkblhl l_[ykZfh]h Ijh^he`Ze ^hg OmZgg_ l_jyydhgljhey gZ^kh[hcLu ^he`_g ijboh^blvd g_fm[_a kljZoZb fZehihfZem hggZmqbl l_[ydZd `blvemqr_c `bagvx GZklmibeZ êbggZy iZmaZFm`qbgudZaZehkvmklZeb ;mluedZ [ueZ imklZExkbh ky\guf \gmlj_ggbf kh`Ze_gb_f ijbg_k bhldjue ^jm]mx M DZjehkZi_chl lh`_y\ey_lky aZsblgbdhf"kijhkbe Webobh rmleb\uflhghfy g_magZe [uwlh]hkdZaZe ^hg OmZgHg ijbgbfZe_]h ljbjZaZihijhkb _]h jZkkdZaZlv l_[_ h[wlhf <k_ k ex[hiulkl\hf ih\_jgmebkv dh fg_b Webobh kijhkbe Lu ^_ckl\bl_evghijbgbfZe _]h" >ZIjbgbfZe DZaZehkv^hg OmZg\ub]jZe jZmg^m k\hbo kemrZl_e_c hgb [ueb beb aZbgl_j_kh\Zgu\ fh_fjZkkdZa_ beb kebrdhf \_èb\uqlh[u jZkkf_ylvkyfg_ \ebph Hg kdjb\bel_[_ jhl"kijhkbe Exkbh >ZM g_]hm`Zkguc \dmk AZq_f `_lu lh]^Z_]h ijbgbfZe"kijhkbe ;_gbgvh Y gZqZe jZkkdZau\Zlv bfih^[bjZy keh\Zqlh êy aZiZ^gh]h q_eh\_dZagZgb_ ^hgZOmZgZ hi_chl_ y\ey_lkyh^ghc ba kZfuo aZo\Zlu\Zxsbo\_s_cdZdb_ lhevdhfh`gh gZclbY kdZaZeqlh \k_jZkkdZaZggh_ bfh[ wlhf\_jgh bqlh dZ`ûc ba gZkfh`_l ijh\_jblvbklbgm kdZaZggh]hgZ kZfhfk_[_ Y aZf_lbeqlh \k_hgb meu[ZxlkydZd [ukdju\Zy k\h_ hlghr_gb_Y ijbr_e\ kbevgh_jZa^jZ`_gb_Y khagZ\Ze k\hx g_mdex`_klv \i_j_^Zq_ lh]hqlh y\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb bf_e gZ mf_Y ih]h\hjbe_s_gh ihl_jyegblv bih\lhjye lhqlh m`_ kdZaZe^hg OmZg>hg OmZgijbr_e fg_gZ ihfhsvb kijhkbe h[h^jyxs_ Lu \_^vg_ bkdZeaZsblgbdZdh]^Z \i_j\u_ijbr_e d f_kdZeblhg_ lZdeb" Y kdZaZebfqlh yg_ agZeqlh f_kdZeblhfh`_l [ulv aZsblgbdhf bqlh fghx^\b]Zeh lhevdhex[hiulkl\h b [hevrh_ `_eZgb_ agZlv _]h>hg OmZgih^l\_j^beqlh fhb gZf_j_gvy [ueb [_amdhjbag_ggu b kdZaZeqlh baaZ wlh]h f_kdZeblh hdZaZe [eZ]hijbylgucwnn_dl gZf_gy Gh hg aZklZ\eye l_[yimdZlv b ibkZlv ih \k_fm ihf_s_gbxg_ lZdeb"gZklZb\Ze O_gZjh Y kdZaZeqlh hg^_ckl\bl_evgh \ha^_ckl\h\ZegZ f_gy lZdbf h[jZahf<k_ jZkkf_yebkvk h[e_]q_gb_fY ihqm\kl\h \Zeqlh hgbklZeb _s_[he__ ij_^m[_`^_gudh fg_Hgb g_ dZaZebkv aZbgl_j_kh\Zggufbdjhf_ Webobhdhlhjuc kfhlj_egZ f_gy Qlh lu\b^_e"kijhkbe hg >hg OmZg\_e_e i_j_kdZaZlvbf \k_beb ihqlb\k_ ^_lZeb fh_]h hiulZihwlhfm yjZkkdZaZe ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvb nhjfm lh]hqlh hsmlbeDh]^Z ydhgqbe ]h\hjblvExkbh k^_eZe aZf_qZgb_ ?keb i_chllZdhc ^vy\helh yjZ^qlh gbdh]^Zg_ _e _]h <k_ lZddZd ykdZaZekdZaZe O_gZjh[Zo_ZwlZ rlmdZ ^_eZ_ll_[y g_ghjfZevguf Gh DZjehkk_cqZk ghjfZevgucdZd luh[tykgbrv wlh" kijhkbe ^hgOmZg mO_gZjh Hldm^Z fuagZ_fqlh hgghjfZevguc"hl\_lbe O_gZjh <k_ jZkkf_yebkv\dexqZy ^hgZOmZgZ Lu [hyeky"kijhkbe ;_gbgvh Yhij_^_e_ggh[hyeky Lh]^Z aZq_flu ^_eZewlh"kijhkbe Webobh Hg kdZaZeqlh ohl_eagZlvhl\_lbe aZf_gy Exkbh Y ^mfZxqlh DZjehkkh[bjZ_lky klZlvlZdbf `_dZd fhc ^_^H[Z ]h\hjbebqlh hgbohlyl agZlvgh gbdlhg_ agZ_l qlhq_jl \havfbhgb ohlylagZlv G_\hafh`gh h[tykgblvwlh agZgb_kdZaZe ^hg OmZg Webobhihlhfmqlh hgh jZagh_ êy jZaguo ex^_c ?^bgkl\_ggh h[sbf êy \k_o y\ey_lky lhqlh f_kdZeblh jZkdju\Z_l k\hbk_dj_lu qZklgufh[jZahf dZ`^hfm hl^_evghfm q_eh\_dmAgZydZd qm\kl\m_lO_gZjhy g_j_dhf_g^h\Ze [u _fm \klj_qZlvkyk f_kdZeblhB \k_`_g_kfhljy gZfhb keh\Z beb _]h qm\kl\Zf_kdZeblh fh`_l hdZaZlv iheghklvx [eZ]hijbylguc wnn_dl gZg_]hGh lhevdh hg fh`_l wlh magZlvb wl h b_klv lhagZgb_h dhlhjhfy ]h\hjx >hg OmZgih^gyeky <j_fy b^lb^hfhckdZaZe hgExkbh ivygZ <bdlhj kibl >\mfy ^gyfbiha`_k_gly[jyExkbh;_gbgvh bWebobh ijbreb d ^hfm]^_ yhklZgh\bekyqlh[u ihclbkh fghc gZ hohlmG_dhlhjh_ \j_fyihdZ yijh^he`Ze ^_eZlvk\hb aZibkb hgb ojZgbebfheqZgb_AZl_f ;_gbgvh\_èb\h aZkf_yekydZd [u ij_^mij_`^Zyqlh hgkh[bjZ_lky kdZaZlvg_qlh \Z`gh_ Ihke_ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh gZjmr_gghclbrbgu hg aZkf_yeky hiylv bkdZaZe <hl Exkbh]h\hjblqlh klZe[u ]ehlZlvi_chl Wlh ijZ\^Z"kijhkbe y >Zy g_\hajZ`Zx Kf_o ;_gbgvhhiylv klZekiZafZlbq_kdbf Exkbh ]h\hjblqlh hg[m^_l _klv i_chl_keb lu dmibrv _fmfhlhpbde Exkbh b ;_gbgvh \a]eygmeb^jm] gZ ^jm]Z b aZrebkv kf_ohf Kdhevdh klhbl fhlhpbde \ Kh_^bg_gguo RlZlZo" kijhkbe Exkbh <_jhylghfh`gh aZklh ^heeZjh\gZclbkdZaZe y Wlh \_^vlZf g_hq_gv fgh]h\_jgh"Lu e_]dh fh`_rv ^hklZlv h^bgêy g_]hjZa\_ g_lZd"kijhkbe ;_gbgvh Ohjhrhgh kgZqZeZy kijhrmm l\h_]h^_^ZkdZaZe y Exkbh G_lG_laZijhl_klh\Ze hg_fm lugbq_]h h[wlhf g_ ]h\hjbHg \k_ bkihjlblHg qm^ZdBdjhf_ lh]h keZ[hmfguc bg_ agZ_lqlh ^_eZ_l Hg dh]^Zlh [uegZklhysbf fZ]hf^h[Z\be ;_gbgvh Y ohqmkdZaZlv^_ckl\bl_evgh fZ]hfGZjh^ ]h\hjblqlh hg [ue emqrbfGh hgijbkljZklbeky di_chlm b klZe gbdlh L_i_jv hgkebrdhf klZj B hg\gh\v b\gh\v ih\lhjy_ll_ `_djZie_gu_ bklhjbb h i_chl_kdZaZe Exkbh Wlhl i_chlqbklh_ `mevgbq_kl\hkdZaZe ;_gbgvh agZ_rvfu h^gZ`û_]h ihijh[h\ZebExkbh mlZsbep_euc f_rhd _]h m k\h_]h ^_^ZH^gZ`û ghqvxih imlb \ ]hjh^ fu ihijh[h\Zeb _]h `_\ZlvKmdbg kughg jZahj\Zefg_ jhl gZ qZklbIh \dmkmwlh ijyfhZ^ <u ijh]ehlbeb_]h"kijhkbe y Fu \uiexgmeb_]hkdZaZe Exkbhb \u[jhkbeb\_kv ijhdeyluc f_rhd Bf h[hbf kemqZcihdZaZeky hq_gvaZ[Z\gufWebobh l_f \j_f_g_f g_kdZaZe gbkeh\ZM g_]h[ue hlkmlkl\mxsbcdZd h[uqgh\b^Hg ^Z`_g_ kf_yeky Ohl_e [ulu ihijh[h\Zlv_]hWebobh"kijhkbe y G_lLhevdh g_y>Z`_ aZfhlhpbde Exkbh b;_gbgvh gZrebml\_j`^_gb_ qj_a\uqZcghaZ[Z\guf b \gh\vaZohohlZeb L_f g_f_g__ijh^he`Ze Webobhy ^he`_gkdZaZlv qlh ^hgOmZg haZ^Zqbef_gy Fhc ^_^kebrdhf klZjqlh[u qlheb[h agZlvkdZaZe Exkbh k[hevrbf m[_`^_gb_f >Zhg hq_gvklZjwohf hlha\Zeky;_gbgvh Y ih^mfZeqlh fg_gb_\ukdZaZggh_ h ^hg_ OmZg_ fhehûfb ex^vfb [ueh j_[yq_kdbf b g_h[hkgh\ZggufY qm\kl\h\Ze k\hbf^he]hf aZsblblv_]hb kdZaZebfqlhgZ fhc \a]ey^^hg OmZg y\ey_lkylZd`_dZd b \ ijhrehf \_ebdbf fZ]hffh`_l [ulv^Z`_ \_ebqZcrbf ba \k_oY kdZaZeqlh qm\kl\mx_klv \g_f qlhlh lZdh_^_ckl\bl_evgh g_h[uqgh_Y gZihfgbe bfqlh _fmm`_ aZ bl_f g_ f_g__hg [he__wg_j]bq_g b[he__ kbe_gq_f \k_fu \f_kl_ \aylu_Y \uau\Ze fhehûo ex^_cijh\_jblv wlh kZfbf b ihijh[h\Zlv ke_^blvaZ ^hghfOmZghf Lu ijhklhg_ kfh`_rvke_^blv aZfhbf ^_^hfkdZaZe Exkbh k]hj^hklvxHg [jmoh Y gZihfgbebfqlh ihbo `_keh\Zfhg kebrdhfklZj b keZ[hmf_g bqlh keZ[hmfgucq_eh\_d g_agZ_lqlh ijhbkoh^bl \hdjm] g_]hY kdZaZebfqlh _s_k ^Z\gboihj yg_ i_j_klZx ihjZ`Zlvky Ze_jlghklvx^hgZ OmZgZ Gbdlh g_fh`_l ke_^blvaZ [jmoh^Z`_ _kebhg klZj Z\lhjbl_lgh kdZaZe ;_gbgvhGZ g_]h \k_ `_ fh`gh gZ[jhkblvky lheihcdh]^Z hgkiblBf_ggh wlhijhbahreh k q_eh\_dhf ihbf_gb K_\bdZkex^b mklZebhl _]haehc fZ]bbb m[beb _]h Y ihijhkbebo jZkkdZaZlv\k_ ih^jh[ghklbwlh]h kemqZy gh hgbkdZaZebqlh wlhijhbahreh _s_^h gbobeb `_ lh]^Z dh]^Z hgb [ueb_s_ kh\k_ffZe_gvdbfbWebobh ^h[Z\beqlh lZcgh ex^b \_jylqlh K_\bdZk[ue ijhklh ^mjZd b qlh gZklhys_fm fZ]mgbdlh g_fh`_l ijbqbgblv\j_^Y ihijh[h\Ze jZkkijZrb\Zlv ^Zevr_h[ bofg_gbyo ihih\h^m fZ]h\h^gZdh dZaZehkvhgb g_hq_gvlh bgl_j_kh\Zebkvwlbf ij_^f_lhfd lhfm `_ bfg_ l_ji_ehkvhlijZ\blvky ihklj_eylv ba jm`vy dhlhjh_ ydmibe G_dhlhjh_ \j_fy ih imlb d aZjhkeyf qZiiZjZey fu fheqZebAZl_f Webobhdhlhjuc r_ei_j\ufih\_jgmeky b kdZaZe fg_ Fh`_l [ulvwlh fukmfZkr_^rb_Fh`_l [ulv^hg OmZg ijZ\"IhkfhljbdZd fu`b\_f Exkbh b;_gbgvh aZijhl_klh\ZebY iulZeky\f_rZlvkyY kh]eZrZeky kWebobh bkdZaZe bfqlh ykZf qm\kl\h\Zeqlh h[jZa `bagbdhlhjuc y\_^m\ q_flh g_ijZ\be_g;_gbgvh kdZaZeqlh fg_g_q_]h `Zeh\ZlvkygZ k\hx`bagvlZd dZd m f_gy _klv ^_gv]bb _klvfZrbgZY hl\_lbeqlh e_]dh fh]m kdZaZlvqlh wlh hgbemqr_ `b\mllZd dZdm gbo _klv ih mqZkldm a_febHgb ohjhf\hajZabebqlh ohaybghf a_feb y\ey_lky n_^_jZevguc [ZgdY hl\_lbebfqlh y lh`_ g_ \eZ^_x fZrbghcqlh _x\eZ^__l [Zgd\ DZebnhjgbbqlh fhy `bagv ^jm]Zygh g_emqr_q_f boD lhfm\j_f_gb fu m`_ [ueb \]mkluo aZjhkeyo Fu g_ gZrebgb he_gygb ^bdbok\bg_cgh m[beb lj_o djhebdh\ GZ h[jZlghf imlbfu hklZgh\bebkvm ^hfZExkbhb hg ijh\ha]eZkbeqlh _]h`_gZ kh[bjZ_lkyijb]hlh\blv `Zjdh_ba djhebdh\;_gbgvh hlijZ\beky\ fZ]Zabgqlh[u dmiblv[mluedm l_dbeu bkh^h\hc \hûDh]^Z hg\_jgmekylh kgbf [ue ^hg OmZg M` g_gZr_e eblu fh_]h^_^Z \fZ]Zabg_ihdmiZxsbf ib\hkf_ykvkijhkbe Exkbh Y g_[ue ijb]eZr_ggZ wlm\klj_qmkdZaZe ^hgOmZg Y ijhklh aZr_e kijhkblv DZjehkZg_ _^_l eb hg \ ?jfhkbevh" Y kdZaZe_fmqlh kh[bjZekym_oZlv gZke_^mxsbc ^_gvb ihdZ fu jZa]h\Zjb\Zeb;_gbgvh jha^Ze[mluedbWebobh ^Ze k\hx ^hgm OmZgmbihkdhevdm kj_^bydb hldZaZlvky^Z`_ ba \_èb\hklb agZqbl gZg_klbkf_jl_evgmx h[b^mlh ^hg OmZg kihdhcgh \aye__Y hl^Zek\hx [mluedmWebobhb hg\ugm`^_g [ue __\aylvIhwlhfm ;_gbgvh\ k\hxhq_j_^v^Ze f_gk\hx [mluedmGh Exkbhdhlhjuchq_\b^ghaZjZg__ \bamZebabjh\Ze \kx ko_fm ohjhrbo fZg_j ydbm`_ aZdhgqblv iblv k\hx kh^h\mxHg ih\_jgmekyd ;_gbgvhm dhlhjh]hgZ ebp_aZklueh iZl_lbq_kdh_ \ujZ`_gb_b kdZaZekf_ykv Hgb gZ^mebl_[y gZ[mluedm >hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh gbdh]^Zg_ ibekh^h\mx bi_j_^Ze k\hx [mluedm \ jmdb ;_gbgvhFu kb^_eb ih^ jZfZ^hc \ fheqZgbb Webobh dZaZekyg_j\gufHg l_j_[bedjZy k\h_creyiu Y ^mfZeh lhfqlh lukdZaZe ijhrehcghqvxkdZaZe hg ^hgmOmZgmdZd fh`_li_chl baf_gblvgZrm `bagv"DZd" >hg OmZg g_ hl\_qZeHg g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e gZWebobhZ aZl_fgZqZe i_lvgZ yaud_ydbKdhj__ wlh [ueZg_ i_kgy^Z`_Z dhjhldh_^_deZfbjh\Zgb_Fu ^he]h_ \j_fy fheqZAZl_f yihijhkbe ^hgZOmZgZ i_j_\_klbêy f_gy keh\Z kyaudZ ydb Wlh [uehlhevdh êyydbkdZaZe hgdZd kZfhkh[hc jZamf_xs__ky Y ihqm\kl\h\Zek_[y hl\_j]gmlufY [uem\_j_gqlh hg kdZaZe qlhlh hq_gv\Z`gh_ Webobh bg^__pgZdhg_pkdZaZe fg_^hg OmZgb dZd bg^__pWebobh g_bf__l gbq_]hFubg^_cpugbq_]h g_ bf__f<k_qlh lu\b^brv \hdjm]ijbgZê_`bl chjbYdb bf_xl lhevdhk\hx yjhklvb lhqlh a_fey^Z_l bf[_kieZlgh >he]h_ \j_fygbdh g_ijhbag_k gbkeh\ZaZl_f ^hgOmZg ih^gyekyihijhsZeky b\ur_eFu kfhlj_ebgZ g_]hihdZ hg g_ kdjueky aZ ih\hjhlhf ^hjh]b<k_ fudZaZehkv g_j\gbqZebExkbh g_m\_j_gguf lhghfkdZaZeqlh _]h ^_^ mr_elZd dZd _fmg_ gjZ\blky`Zjdh_ ba djhebdZWebobh dZaZeky ih]jm`_gguf\ k\hbfukeb;_gbgvh ih\_jgmekydh fg_ b ]jhfdhkdZaZe Y ^mfZxqlh ]hkih^vgZdZ`_l l_[yb ^hgZOmZgZ aZlh qlh \u^_eZ_l_ Exkbh gZqZeohohlZlvb ;_gbgvhd g_fmijbkh_^bgbeky Lu iZykgbqZ_rv;_gbgvhkihdhcgh kdZaZeWebobh lhqlh lulhevdh qlhkdZaZeg_ klhblb ]jhrZ k_gly[jy ] ;ueh qZkh\ \_q_jZ km[[hlu>hg OmZg kb^_e i_j_^ Webobh gZjZfZ^_ Exkbh>hg OmZgihklZ\be f_`^mkh[hc b bf dhjabgm ki_chlgufb [ZlhgqbdZfbb i_eke_]dZ jZkdZqb\Zykv \i_j_^ bgZaZ^ Exkbh;_gbgvh b ykb^_eb \ihemlhjZ ^\mo f_ljZo ihaZ^b Webobhhi_jrbkv ]heh\hch kl_gm KgZqZeZ [ueh kh\k_fl_fghFu kb^_eb\gmljb ^hfZ ih^ eZfihch`b^Zy ^hgZOmZgZHg \ua\ZegZk gZjZfZ^mdh]^Z ijbr_eb ihdZaZe]^_ dhfmk_klvQ_j_a g_dhlhjh_\j_fy fhb ]eZaZ ijb\udeb d l_fghl_Y fh]ykgh \b^_lv dZ`^h]hY m\b^_eqlh WebobhdZaZeky kdh\Zggufm`Zkhf<k_ _]h l_eh ljykehkv_]h am[u g_ijhba\hevgh klmqZeb?]h l_eh khljykZehkv kiZafZlbq_kdbfbih^_j]b\Zgbyfb ]heh\ub kibgu >hg OmZgh[jZlbeky dg_fmm]h\Zjb\Zy _]hg_ [hylvkyb ^h\_jblvky aZsblgbdmb g_^mfZlv gbh q_f^jm]hfHg \aye i_chlguc [Zlhgqbdij_ih^g_k _]hWebobh b\_e_e _fm `_\Zlv hq_gv f_ê_gghWebobh \a\ba]gmedZd s_ghdb jZkijyfbeky ûoZgb_ _]h [ueh hq_gv[ukljufhgh a\mqZehdZd \a^hob dmag_qguo f_oh\Hg kgyereyim b\ul_j _xeh[Hg aZdjue ebph jmdZfbY ^mfZeqlh hgieZq_lWlh [uehq_gv ^he]bc gZijy`_gguc fhf_gl ij_`^_q_f hg \hkklZgh\be dZdhclh dhgljhev gZ^kh[hc Hg k_eijyfh\k_ _s_ihdju\Zy ebphh^ghc jmdhc\aye i_chlguc [Zlhgqbd b gZqZe _]h `_\ZlvY ihqm\kl\h\Ze h]jhfgh_ h[e_]q_gb_>h wlh]hy g_hl^Z\Ze k_[_ hlq_lZ \ lhfqlh y[hyekyih`ZemclZd`_dZd WebobhM f_gy\h jlm ihy\beZkv kmohklv \jh^_lhcqlh ^Z_li_chlWebobh `_\Ze [Zlhgqbd ^he]hFh_ gZijy`_gb_\hajZklZehY gZqZeg_\hevgh ihdZqb\Zlvkydh]^Z fh_ûoZgb_ m[ukljbehkv >hg OmZg gZqZe i_lv]jhfq_aZl_f hg ih^g_k Webobh ^jm]hc [Zlhgqbdb ihke_lh]hdZd Webobhhdhgqbe _]h`_\Zlv ^Ze _fmkmobo njmdlh\b \_e_e`_\Zlv hq_gvf_ê_ggh G_kdhevdh jZaWebobh ih^gbfZekyb moh^be\ dmkluH^bg jZa hgihijhkbe \hû>hg OmZg\_e_e _fmg_ ]ehlZlv\h^mgh lhevdh ijhihehkdZlv _x jhlWebobh jZa`_\Ze _s_ ^\Z [ZlhgqbdZZ ^hgOmZg ^Ze_fm kmr_gh]hfykZ D lhfm\j_f_gbdZd hgjZa`_\Ze ^_kyluc[Zlhgqbdy m`_ [ue ihqlb[he_g hlg_l_ji_gby<g_aZigh WebobhmiZe \i_j_^ b _]h eh[ dhkgmekya_febhg i_j_dZlbekygZ e_\uc [hd b dhg\mevkb\gh ^_jgmekyY \a]eygmegZ qZku;ueh qZkZ fbgmlWebobh dZlZekydZqZeky bihklZgu\Ze gZihem [he__ qZkZ >hg OmZg \k_\ lhf`_ iheh`_gbbkb^_e i_j_^gbf?]h i_chlgu_ i_kgbi_ebkv ihqlbr_ihlhf;_gbgvhkb^_\rbc ke_\Z hl f_gykfhlj_e [_a\gbfZgbyExkbh jy^hfkh fghckdehgbeky gZ [hdb ojZi_e L_eh Webobh k\_jgmehkv\ dZeZqbdHg e_`ZegZ ijZ\hf [hdm ebphfdh fg_aZ`Z\ jmdbf_`^m dhe_g_c?]h l_ehkbevgh ihîju]b\Zehb hg i_j_\_jgmekygZ kibgmke_]dZ kh]gm\ gh]b?]h e_\ZyjmdZ ihfZob\ZeZhl k_[yb \\_jo bkdexqb l_evgh k\h[h^gufbb we_]Zglgufb^\b`_gbyfb?]h ijZ\ZyjmdZ klZeZ ih\lhjylv l_ `_^\b`_gbyb aZl_f h[_ jmdb klZeb q_j_^h\Zlv h^bgZdh\u_f_ê_ggu_ ihfZob\Zxsb_^\b`_gby \jh^_ l_oqlh \uihegy_lb]jhd gZZjn_Ihkl_i_ggh ^\b`_gbyklZeb [he__ [ukljufb?]h dbklbhsmlbfh \b[jbjh\Zebb ^\b]Zebkv \\_jo b\gbadZd ihjrgb< lh`_ kZfh_\j_fy _]hij_îe_qvy kh\_jrZeb djm]h\u_^\b`_gby gZk_[yb _]hiZevpu ihhq_j_^gh k]b[Zebkv b jZa]b[ZebkvWlh [ueh ij_djZkgh_ ]Zjfhgbqgh_ ]bighlbabjmxs__ aj_ebs_Y ^mfZxqlh _]hjblf bfmkdmevguc dhgljhev [uebg_kjZ\g_ggufb AZl_f Webobhf_ê_ggh ih^gyekydZd _keb[u hibjZykvgZ h[\heZdb\Zxsmx kbem?]h l_eh^jh`ZehHg dZqgmekyZ aZl_f lheqdhf \uijyfbeky?]h jmdblmeh\bs_ b]heh\Z ljykebkv dZd _keb[u q_j_agbo ijhimkdZebij_ju\bkluc we_dljbq_kdbc lhdDZaZehkvkbeZ\g_ _]hdhgljheyk`ZeZ _]hb ihûfZeZ I_gb_ ^hgZOmZgZ klZehhq_gv ]jhfdbfExkbh b ;_gbgvh ijhkgmebkvg_dhlhjh_ \j_fy [_a bgl_j_kZ kfhlj_eb gZ ijhbkoh^ys__ b aZkgmebkgh\ZWebobhdZaZehkv^\b]Zeky dm^Zlh \\_job \\_joHg y\ghdZjZ[dZekyHg \uly]b\Zejmdb b o\ZlZeky aZ qlhlhfg_ g_\b^bfh_Hg ih^ly]b\Zeky b aZfbjZeqlh[u i_j_\_klbûoZgb_ Y ohl_em\b^_lv _]h]eZaZ b^\bgmeky [eb`_d g_fmgh ^hg OmZg k\bj_ihihkfhlj_e gZf_gyb y\_jgmeky gZ k\h_ f_klh AZl_f Webobhiju]gmeWlh [ueihke_^gbc m`Zkguciju`hd Hghq_\b^gh^hklb] k\h_cp_ebHg hl^m\Zekyb \koebiu\Ze hl i_j_gZijy`_gbyHgdZaZehkv^_j`Zeky aZ dZdhclh \uklmiGh qlhlh _]hi_j_kbeb\ZehHg \kdjbdgme\ hlqZygbb ?]h o\ZldZ khkdhevagmeZb hg gZqZe iZ^Zlv?]h l_eh \u]gmehkv gZaZ^ b khljykZehkv k]heh\u ^h iZevp_\ gh] bkdexqbl_evgh djZkb\hcdhhj^bgbjh\Zgghc ^jh`vx<hegZ ^jh`b ijhreZ q_j_ag_]h g_f_g__ klZjZa ij_`^_q_f l_ehjmogmeh gZ a_fexdZd [_a`bag_ggucf_rhd Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_\j_fy hg\ulygme jmdbi_j_^ kh[hcdZd _keb [uhg aZsbsZek\h_ ebph?]h gh]b[ueb \ulygmlugZaZ^ \ lh\j_fydZd hge_`Ze gZ]jm^bHgb [uebke_]dZ ih^gylu gZ^ a_fe_cijb^Z\Zy l_emlZdhc \b^dZd [m^lhhgh kdhevabeh beb e_l_eh k g_\_jhylghckdhjhklvx?]h ]heh\Z [ueZ ^h ij_^_eZ hldbgmlZ gZaZ^?]h jmdb [ueb kp_ie_gu i_j_^ ]eZaZfbaZsbsZy boY fh]qm\kl\h\ZlvdZd \_l_j k\bklbl \hdjm] g_]hY Zogmeb ba^Zeg_\hevguc \kdjbdExkbh b ;_gbgvh ijhkgmebkvb kex[hiulkl\hf \a]eygmebgZ Webobh ?keb luh[_sZ_rv dmiblvfg_ fhlhpbdey [m^m k_cqZk `_\Zlv wlh]jhfdh kdZaZeExkbh Y \a]eygme gZ ^hgZ OmZgZHg k^_eZe ]heh\hc ih\_ebl_evguc agZd Kmdbg kugijh[hjfhlZe Exkbhb hiylvaZkgme Webobh \klZe bgZqZe oh^blvHg k^_eZeiZjm rZ]h\ b hklZgh\bekyY fh]\b^_lvqlh hgmeu[Z_lky kh kqZkleb\uf \ujZ`_gb_fHg ihiulZeky k\bkl_lvQbklh]h a\mdZ g_ ihemqbehkvgh ]Zjfhgby[ueZWlh [ueZdZdZylh f_eh^byHgZ bf_eZ ebrv iZjm i_j_oh^h\dhlhju_ hg ih\lhjye \gh\v b \gh\vQ_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy hlq_leb\h klZeh keurgh gZk\bklu\Zgb_b aZl_f hghklZeh ykghc f_eh^b_cWebobh [hjfhlZe g_\gylgu_keh\ZWlb keh\Z[ueb keh\Zfbi_kgbHg ih\lhjye bo qZkZfbHq_gv ijhklZy i_kgy k ih\lhjZfb fhghlhggZyb \k_`_ kljZgghdjZkb\Zy WebobhdZaZehkvkfhlj_e gZqlhlh ihdZi_eH^bg jZa hg ih^hr_e hq_gv [ebadhdh fg_Y \b^_e \ ihemlvf_ _]h ]eZaZHgb [uebkl_deyggufb hklZgh\b\rbfbkyHg meu[Zeky b ihkf_b\ZekyHg ihoh^be bk_eb ihoh^be_s_b i_eb klhgZe <g_aZigh qlhlhdZaZehkvlhedgmeh _]hkaZ^b?]h l_eh \u]gmehkv ihkj_^bg_dZd _keb[u _]h^\b]ZeZ ijyfZy kbeZ DZdh_lh \j_fy Webobhm^_j`b\Ze jZ\gh\_kb_gZ ghkdZo gh] h[jZah\Z\ ba k\h_]h l_eZ ihqlb iheguc djm]?]h jmdb dZkZebkv a_febAZl_f hg\gh\v miZegZ ihefy]dhgZ kibgm \ulygmeky \h\kx êbgmb aZklue\ kljZgghfhp_i_g_gbb G_dhlhjh_ \j_fy hg [hjfhlZeb klhgZeaZl_f gZqZe ojZi_lv>hg OmZgihdjue _]himklufb f_rdZfb;ueh qZkh\ fbgml mljZ Exkbh b ;_gbgvhkiZeb ie_qhd ie_qmijbkehgb\rbkv d kl_g_Fu k ^hghfOmZghf hq_gv^he]h kb^_eb fheqZHg dZaZehkvmklZe Y gZjmrbe lbrbgmb kijhkbe_]h h[WebobhHg kdZaZe fg_qlh \klj_qZ Webobhk f_kdZeblh [ueZ bkdexqbl_evgh mki_rghcF_kdZeblh gZmqbe_]h i_kg_m`_ ijbi_j\hc \klj_q_ Z wlh^_ckl\bl_evgh g_h[uqgh Y kijhkbe _]hihq_fm hgg_ jZaj_rbe Exkbh ijbgylv i_chl aZfhlhpbdeHg kdZaZeqlh f_kdZeblhm[be [u Exkbh _keb [ lhlijb[ebabeky dg_fm gZlZdbo mkeh\byo>hg OmZg ijbagZeqlh hgijb]hlh\be \k_hq_gv lsZl_evgh êy lh]h qlh[u ijb\e_qvk\h_]h \gmdZHg kdZaZefg_qlh jZkkqblu\Ze gZ fhx^jm`[m kExkbhdZd gZp_gljZevguc fhf_glkljZl_]bb Hg kdZaZeqlh Exkbh\k_]^Z [ue_]h [hevrhcaZ[hlhc b qlh dh]^Zlh hgb `beb\f_kl_ b[ueb hq_gv[ebadbgh Exkbh \ \hajZkl_ k_fbe_l hq_gvk_jv_agh aZ[he_eb kug^hgZ OmZgZ gZ[h`guc dZlhebd^Ze h[_l]\Z^_emikdhc [h]hfZl_jbqlh Exkbh ihklmibl \ rdhemk\ys_gguo lZgp_\_keb _]h `bagv [m^_l kiZk_gZExkbh ihijZ\bekyb \ugm`^_g [ue bkihegblv h[_sZgb_Hg h^gm g_^_exijh[ue mq_gbdhf b aZl_f j_rbe gZjmrblv deyl\mHg ^mfZeqlh \ j_amevlZl_ wlh]h _fm ijb^_lky mf_j_lv b p_euc^_gv `^Ze ijboh^Z kf_jlb<k_ kf_yebkv gZ^fZevqbdhfb kemqZcwlhl g_aZ[ueky >hg OmZg ^he]h_\j_fy g_]h\hjbeHgdZaZehkv[ue ih]jm`_g \k\hb fukeb Fhy klZ\dZ[ueZ gZExkbhkdZaZe hgb \f_klh g_]h y gZr_eWebobhY agZeqlh wlh[_kihe_aghgh dh]^Z gZf dlhlh gjZ\blkyfu ^he`gu^he`guf h[jZahf gZklZb\Zlv dZd _keb[ [ueh\hafh`guf i_j_^_eu\Zlvex^_cM Exkbh [ueh fm`_kl\hdh]^Z hg [uefZe_gvdbf fZevqbdhfZ aZl_f hg ihjZkl_jye _]hih ^hjh]_ Fh`_rv eblu hdhe^h\Zlv_]h^hg OmZg" Hdhe^h\Zlv _]h"AZq_f" Qlh[u hg\gh\v baf_gbekyb h[j_ek\h_ fm`_kl\h G_evay hdhe^h\Zlvq_eh\_dZqlh[ hggZr_e fm`_kl\h Hdhe^h\u\Zxl êylh]hqlh[u k^_eZlvex^_c [_a\j_^gufb beb [hevgufbbeb g_fufbG_evay hdhe^h\ZlvlZdqlh[u ihemqblv \hbgZ>ey lh]hqlh[u [ulv\hbghfgZ^h [ulv ojmklZevgh qbklufdZd Webobh<hl l_[_q_eh\_d fm`_kl\Z Webobh fbjgh ojZi_e ihîmklufb f_rdZfb;ueh m`_ k\_lehG_[h [uehg_aZiylgZgghc kbg_\uG_ [ueh \b^gh gb h^gh]h h[eZqdZ Y hl^Ze[u qlhm]h^gh \wlhf fbj_qlh[u magZlvh lhf iml_r_kl\bbdhlhjh_ ijh^_eZeWebobhLu g_\hajZ`Z_rv_keb y ihijhrm_]h jZkkdZaZlvfg_ h[wlhf" Gb ijbdZdbo h[klhyl_evkl\Zolu g_^he`_g ijhkblv_]h h[ wlhf Gh ihq_fm`_"Y \_^vjZkkdZau\Zx l_[_\k_ h k\h_f hiul_ Wlh kh\k_f^jm]h_G_l \l_[_ gZdehgghklb^_j`Zlv \k_ ijb k_[_Webobh bg^__p?]h iml_r_kl\b_wlh \k_qlh hg bf__lOhl_e [uyqlh[u wlh[ue Exkbh JZa\_ g_lgbq_]hqlh lufh`_rv k^_eZlvêy Exkbh ^hg OmZg" G_lD g_kqZklvxg_l lZdh]hkihkh[Zqlh[u k^_eZlv dhklb êyf_^mauWlh [ueZlhevdh fhy]emihklv Lu fgh]hjZa ]h\hjbefg_^hg OmZgqlh fZ]g_ fh`_l bf_lv ]emihklvY gbdh]^Zg_ ^mfZeqlh lufh`_rv __bf_lv <hafh`gh gZklZb\Zlv^he`guf h[jZahfgZklZb\Zlv ^Z`_ g_kfhljygZ lhqlh fuagZ_fqlh lhqlh fu^_eZ_f [_kihe_aghGh ij_`^_fu ^he`guagZlvqlh gZrb [_ckl\by [_kihe_agub \k_`_ fu^he`gu boijh^he`ZlvdZd _keb [u wlh]h g_ agZebWlh dh gl jh eb jm _f Zy ] em ih kl v fZ ]Z =eZ\Z iy lZ y Y \_jgmeky \ ^hf ^hgZOmZgZ hdly[jy ]K _^bgkl\_gghc p_evx jZkkijhkblv_]h h jZaebqguo fhf_glZo khimlkl\h\Z\rbo ihk\ys_gbxWebobhIhqlb [_kdhg_qguc ihlhd \hijhkh\ \hagbdm f_gydh]^Z yi_j_qblu\Ze hibkZgb_ lh]h qlh lh]^Z ijhbahrehY ohl_e ihemqblv hq_gv lhqgu_ h[tykg_gbyihwlhfm y aZjZg__khklZ\be kibkhd \hijhkh\ lsZl_evgh ih^[bjZygZb[he__ ihôh^ysb_keh\Z Y gZqZek lh]hqlh kijhkbe_]h >hg OmZgy \b ^_ e lhcghqvx" Lu ihqlb \b ^_ e : lu \b ^_ eqlh y \b `m ^\b`_gbyWebobh" >Zy \b ^_ eqlh f_kdZeblh iha\hebe l_[_ \ b^ _l v qZklv mjhdZWebobhbgZq_ lukfhlj_e [u gZ q_eh\_dZdhlhjuc kb^bl bebe_`bl<h \j_fy ihke_^g_]h fblhlZ lug_ aZf_lbeqlh[u ex^blZf qlheb[h ^_eZebg_ lZd eb" GZ ihke_^g_f fblhl_y g_aZf_lbeqlh[ dlhgb[m^v ba fm`qbg \uihegyeqlheb[h g_h[uqgh_Y kdZaZe_fmqlh fh]m ijyfh ijbagZlvky\k_qlh yaZibkZe \k\hbo aZf_ldZolZd wlh lhqlh g_dhlhju_ba gbooh^beb \dmklu qZs_^jm]bo Gh lu ihqlb m\ b^ _e \_kv mjhd Webobh ijh^he`Ze ^hgOmZgih^mfZc h[wlhfIhgbfZ_rv l_i_jvdZd bkdj_g_g f_kdZeblh klh[hc"F_kdZeblh gbdh]^Zg_ [ue lZd fy]hd gbk d_fgZkdhevdh yagZxGb kh^gbfB \k_`_ lug_ [eZ]h^Zj_g _fm aZ_]h bkdj_gghklvDZd fh`_rvlu lZd lmih ih\hjZqb\Zlvky d g_fm kibghc"Bebfh`_lfg_ ke_^m_l kdZaZlv\ hlf_kldm aZqlh lu ih\hjZqb\Z_rvky kibghc d f_kdZeblh" Y ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh ^hgOmZg hiylvaZ]hgy_l f_gy \ m]heY g_fh] hl\_lblvgZ _]h\hijhkY \k_]^ZkqblZeqlh y ihdhgqbe k mq_gbq_kl\hfêy lh]hqlh[u kiZklb k_[y h^gZdh y g_bf_x ij_^klZ\e_gbyhl q_]hy kiZkZxk_[y beb aZq_fY aZohl_e ih[uklj__ baf_gblv gZijZ\e_gb_ gZr_]h jZa]h\hjZb ihwlhfm yhklZ\be k\h_gZf_j_gv_ ih ihjy^dm aZ^Z\Zlv khklZ\e_ggu_fghx aZjZg__\hijhku b\u^\bgme kZfuc \Z`guc \hijhk G_ fh`_rveb lujZkkdZaZlv fg_h k\h_cdhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklb"kdZaZe y Qlh luohq_rv agZlvh g_c" Ih`ZemcklZkdZ`b fg_^hg OmZgqlh `_\ lhqghklb ij_^klZ\ey_l bak_[y dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklv >hg OmZg]jhfdh jZkohohlZekyb ]jhfdhoehigme k_[y ih ey`d_ eZ^hgvx Wlh dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklvb aZkf_yekyb oehigme k_[y ihey`d_ hiylv Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m" Y jZ^qlh lugZdhg_pkijhkbe f_gy h fh_c dhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklbihke_ klhevdboe_lb \k_`_ fg_g_ [ueh [ujh\guf kq_lhfgbdZdh]h ^_eZ^h wlh]h_keb [lu g_ kijhkbe gbdh]^Z<k_ `_y ba[jZe[ulv kqZkleb\ufhl wlh]h dZd _keb [fg_ ^hwlh]h [ueh^_ehqlh[u lu kijhkbedZd _keb [bf_eh agZq_gb_lhqlh fg_[ueh ^hwlh]h ^_ehWlh b _klv dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklv Fu h[Z ]jhfdh aZkf_yebkvY h[gye_]hY gZr_e _]h h[tykg_gb_ ij_\hkoh^gufohly yb g_ihgye _]hiheghklvx Fu kb^_ebdZd h[uqghi_j_^ ^\_jvfb_]h ^hfZ;ueh iha^g__ mljhI_j_^ ^hghfOmZghf [ueZdmqZ k_fygb hg \u[bjZe ba gbofmkhjY ij_êh`be_fm k\hxihfhsvgh hg hlkljZgbe f_gyhg kdZaZeqlh k_f_gZwlh ih^Zjhd h^ghfm ba _]h ^jma_c \ p_gljZevghc F_dkbd_b m f_gy g_l ^hklZlhqghc kbeuqlh[u ijbdZkZlvkyd gbf K d_f luijbf_gy_rv dhgljhebjm_fmx ]emihklv^hg OmZg"kijhkbe yihke_ ^he]h]hfheqZgby Kh \k_fb\hkdebdgme hgmeu[Zykv Y qm\kl\h\Zeqlh ^he`_ghklZgh\blvky gZwlhf fhf_gl_ b kijhkbe_]hhagZqZ_l eb_]h dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklvqlh _]h ihklmidbgbdh]^Z g_[u\Zxl bkdj_ggbfbZ ebrv ^_ckl\by Zdl_jZ" Fhb ihklmidbbkdj_ggbgh hgbebrv ^_ckl\byZdl_jZ Gh lh]^Z \k_qlh lu ^_eZ_rv^he`gh [ulv dhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklvxkdZaZe yihbklbg_ m^b\e_gguc >Z\k_ Gh wlhg_ fh`_l[ulv ijZ\^hcqlh dZ`ûchl^_evguc ba l\hbo ihklmidh\_klv lhevdhdhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklv Gh ihq_fmg_l" Wlh hagZqZeh[uqlh êyl_[y\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb gbdlh bgbqlh gbq_]hg_ agZqZl<havfbgZijbf_jf_gyLu bf__rv \ \b^mqlh êyl_[y g_bf__l agZq_gby[m^m y q_eh\_dhf agZgby beb g_l`b\m y beb mfjmbeb ^_eZx qlheb[h" <_jghfg_ g_l^h wlh]h^_eZLudZd Exkbh beb dlheb[h _s_\ fh_c`bagb fhy dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklv Y bkiulZe j_^dh_qm\kl\h imklhluHq_\b^ghg_ [ueh lZdhc ijbqbgu \ fbj_ihq_fm [u ^hg OmZg ^he`_g [ue aZ[hlblvky h[h fg_ghk ^jm]hcklhjhguy [ue ihqlb m\_j_gqlh _fm_klv ^_eh^h f_gyebqghy ^mfZeqlh bgZq_b [ulv g_ fh`_lihkdhevdm hg \k_]^Z m^_eye fg_ k\h_ g_jZa^_e_ggh_ \gbfZgb_\ ex[hcfhf_gldhlhjuc yijh\h^be k gbfFg_ ih^mfZehkvqlhfh`_l [ulv^hg OmZglZd ]h\hjbl ijhklh ihlhfmqlh y_fm gZ^h_e< dhgp_dhgph\\_^v y hldZaZeky hl_]h mq_gby Y qm\kl\mxqlh fu]h\hjbf hjZaguo \_sZokdZaZe yFg_ g_ke_^h\Zeh ijb\h^blv\ ijbf_jkZfh]h k_[yY bf_e \ \b^mqlh ^he`gh[ulv \fbj_ qlhgb[m^v^h q_]hl_[_ _klv ^_eh\ lhfkfuke_qlh wlhg_ dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklvY g_ ^mfZxqlh[ fh`gh [ueh ijh^he`Zlv `blv_keb gZf ^_ckl\bl_evghgb ^hq_]h g_[m^_l ^_eZ Wlh hlghkblky d l_ [_ <_sb bf_xl agZq_gby ^ ey l_ [y Lu kijhkbef_gy hfh_c dhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklbb ykdZaZe l_[_qlh \k_qlh y^_eZx ihhlghr_gbx d k_[_b d^jm]bf ex^yf_klv ]emihklvihlhfm qlhgbq_]h g_ bf__lagZq_gby Y ohqmkdZaZlv^hg OmZgqlh _kebêy l_[ygbq_]h g_ bf__l agZq_gbylh dZdlu fh`_rv ijh^he`Zlv `blvY ^_ckl\bl_evghohqm agZlvlZ ^he`_gh[tykgblv fg_qlh lu bf__rv \\b^m Fh`_l [ulvwlh bg_\hafh`gh h[tykgblvG_dhlhju_ \_sb \l\h_c `bagbbf_xl êyl_[y agZq_gb_ihlhfm qlh hgb \Z`guL\hb ihklmidbhij_^_e_ggh\Z`gu êyl_[ygh êy f_gy gb _^bgZy\_sv g_y\ey_lky [he__\Z`ghc bgb h^bg ba fhbo ihklmidh\b gbh^bg baihklmidh\ ex^_cL_f g_f_g__ y ijh^he`Zx `blvlZd dZdy bf_xk\hx \hexihlhfm qlh y gZkljhbe k\hx\hexijhoh^y q_j_a`bagv^h lZdboihjqlh hgZ klZeZhllhq_gghc bp_evghcb l_i_jvêy f_gygbq_]h g_ agZqbl lhqlh gbq_]h g_ bf__l agZq_gbyFhy \hey dhgljhebjm_l ]emihklvfh_c `bagb Y kdZaZe_fmqlhihfh_fmg_dhlhju_ ihklmidb ex^_c [ueb hq_gv\Z`guy kdZaZeqlh y^_jgZy\hcgZhij_^_e_ggh [ueZ kZfuf^jZfZlbq_kdbf ijbf_jhflZdbo ihklmidh\Y kdZaZe qlh êy f_gymgbqlh`_gb_ `bagbgZ a_fe_[ueh [u ihklmidhf qj_a\uqZcgh g_ghjfZevguf Lu \_jbrvwlhfmihlhfm qlh^mfZ_rvLu ^mfZ_rv h `bagbL u g_ \b ^b rv JZa\_ y qm\kl\h\Ze [u bgZq__keb [u y fh] \ b^ _l v" DZd lhevdh q_eh\_d gZmqblky \b ^_ lv hg hdZ`_lky h^bg \ fbj_]^_ _klv lhevdh ]emihklvL\hb ihklmidblhqgh lZd`_dZd ihklmidb^jm]bo ex^_c\ h[s_f dZ`_lky \Z`gufbêy l_[yihlhfm qlhlu gZmqbeky^mfZlvqlh hgb \Z`guFu \umqb\Z_fky^mfZlv h[h\k_fb aZl_fijbmqZ_f gZrb ]eZaZ \b^_lvlZddZd fu^mfZ_f h\_sZogZ dhlhju_ kfhljbfFu kfhljbfgZ k_[ym`_ ^mfZyqlh fu\Z`guB lZd hdZau\Z_lkyqlh fuqm\kl\m_f k_[y\Z`gufbGh lh]^Zdh]^Z q_eh\_d gZmqblky \b ^_ lv hg ihcf_lqlh hgg_ fh`_l [hevr_ ^mfZlv h \_sZogZ dhlhju_kfhljblZ _keb hg g_ fh`_l ^mfZlvh \_sZogZ dhlhju_kfhljbllh \k_klZgh\blky g_\Z`guf >hg OmZg^he`gh [ulvaZf_lbe fhcm^b\e_gguc \a]ey^b ih\lhjbe k\h_ ml\_j`^_gb_ ljb jZaZdZd [u klZjZykv aZklZ\blv f_gy ihgylvLhqlh hgkdZaZekgZqZeZ a\mqZeh êy f_gydZd _jmg^Zgh ihjZafukeb\h[ wlhfy m\b^_eqlh _]h keh\Zkdhj__ gZihfbgZxlfm^j_gh_ ml\_j`^_gb_h dZdhclh ba klhjhg\hkijbylby Y ihiulZekyijb^mfZlv ohjhrbc\hijhkdhlhjuc aZklZ\be [u _]hijhykgblv k\hxlhqdm aj_gbygh gbq_]hg_ ijb^mfZe <g_aZigh y ihqm\kl\h\Ze kbevgmxmklZehkv b g_ fh] ykgh nhjfmebjh\Zlv k\hb fukeb>hg OmZgdZaZehkvaZf_lbe fh_ mlhfe_gb_ bfy]dh ihoehiZef_gy ihkibg_ Ihqbklb \hl wlbjZkl_gbykdZaZe hgZ aZl_f ihdjhrb bo\ wlhl]hjrhdhg \jmqbefg_ [hevrhc]hjrhd b \ur_e Hg \_jgmeky ^hfhc q_j_ag_kdhevdh qZkh\dh]^Z m`_ [ebabeky \_q_jY hdhgqbe djhrblv_]h jZkl_gby b bf_e ^hklZlhqgh \j_f_gbqlh[u aZibkZlvk\hb aZf_ldbY ohl_e kjZam `_ aZ^Zlv _fm g_kdhevdh \hijhkh\gh [ue g_ \ gZkljh_gbb hl\_qZlv fg_Hg kdZaZeqlh ]heh^_g b ohq_l kgZqZeZ ijh]ehlblvibsm Hg jZa`_] h]hgv\ k\h_c]ebgyghc i_qmjd_ b ihklZ\be ]hjrhd k[mevhghfijb]hlh\e_gguf gZdhklyoHg aZ]eygme \ iZd_lu kijh\bab_cb \u[jZeg_dhlhju_ h\hsbgZj_aZe bogZ f_edb_ dmkhqdb b[jhkbe \dhl_eAZl_f hge_] gZ pbgh\dm k[jhkbe kZg^Zebbb \_e_efg_ k_klvih[eb`_ di_qd_qlh[u y fh] ih^^_j`b\Zlvh]hgv ;ueh hq_gv l_fghk lh]hf_klZ]^_ ykb^_ey fh] \b^_lv g_[hgZ aZiZ^_DjZy g_dhlhjuolhekluo h[eZdh\ [ueb baj_aZgu ]em[hdbfbfhjsbgZfb\ lh\j_fydZd p_gljh[eZdh\ [ue ihqlbq_jgufY kh[bjZekyk^_eZlv aZf_qZgb_h lhfdZdb_ djZkb\u_ h[eZdZgh hgaZ]h\hjbe i_j\uf Juoeu_ djZyb iehlgucp_gljkdZaZe hgmdZau\Zy gZ h[eZdZ ?]h aZf_qZgb_ [ueh klhevkh\iZ^Zxsbf k l_fqlh y kh[bjZeky kdZaZlvqlh yih^kdhqbe Y lhevdhqlh kh[bjZekykdZaZlv l_[_h[ h[eZdZo kdZaZe y AgZqbllml yih[be l_[ykdZaZe hgb aZkf_yeky k ^_lkdhc g_ihkj_^kl\_gghklvx Y kijhkbe _]hg_ \gZkljh_gbb ebhg hl\_lblvfg_ gZ g_kdhevdh \hijhkh\ Qlh luohq_rv agZlv"hl\_lbe hg Lhqlh lukdZaZe fg_k_]h^gy ^g_fh dhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklbhq_gv kbevgh\a\hegh\Zeh f_gyY^_ckl\bl_evgh g_ fh]mihgylvqlh lubf__rv \\b^m Dhg_qghlu g_fh`_rv ihgylvLu iulZ_rvky^mfZlv h[ wlhfZ lhqlh ykdZaZeg_ kh\iZ^Z_lk l\hbfbfukeyfb Y iulZxkv^mfZlv h[wlhfihlhfm qlhebqgh êy f_gy wlh _^bgkl\_gguckihkh[ qlheb[h ihgylvGZijbf_j^hg OmZg lu bf__rv \ \b^mqlh dZd lhevdh q_eh\_d gZmqblky \ b^ _l vlZd kjZam`_ \p_ehf fbj_\k_ ihl_jy_lk\hx p_gghklv" Y g_kdZaZeqlh ihl_jy_lp_gghklvY kdZaZeklZg_l g_\Z`guf<k_ jZ\gh b ihwlhfm g_\Z`ghLZdgZijbf_j gbdZdbf h[jZahf yg_ fh]mkdZaZlvqlh fhbihklmidb [he__ \Z`guq_f l\hbbeb qlhh^gZ \_sv[he__ kms_kl\_ggZq_f ^jm]Zyb ihwlhfm\k_ \_sbjZ\gub hllh]hqlh hgb jZ\gu gb h^gZba gbog_ \Z`gZ Y kijhkbe _]hg_ y\eyebkv eb _]h iheh`_gby ijh\ha]eZr_gb_f lh]hqlh lhqlh hg gZau\Z_l \b ^_ g v_ f[uehnZdlbq_kdb[he__ ohjhrbf kihkh[hfq_f ijhklh kfhlj_gb_ gZ\_sbHg kdZaZeqlh ]eZaZ q_eh\_dZ fh]ml \uihegylvh[_ nmgdpbbgh gbh^gZ bagbo g_ y\ey_lky emqr_ ^jm]hch^gZdhijbmqZlv k\hb]eZaZ lhevdh kfhlj_lv ih _]hfg_gbx[ueh ihl_j_cg_h[oh^bfhc GZijbf_jgZf gm`gh kf hl j_ lv ]eZaZfb êy lh]hqlh[u kf_ylvkyIhlhfm qlhlhevdh dh]^Zfu kfhljbfgZ \_sbfu fh`_f ko\Zlblv aZ[Z\gu_]jZgb fbjZK ^jm]hc klhjhgudh]^Z gZrb]eZaZ \b ^y llh]^Z \k_jZ\gh b gbq_]h g_aZ[Z\gh Lu bf__rv \\b^m^hg OmZgqlh q_eh\_ddhlhjuc \ b^ bl ^Z`_ g_fh`_l kf_ylvky" <hafh`gh_klv ex^b agZgbydhlhju_ gbdh]^Z g_ kf_xlkyohly yg_ agZxgb h^gh]hba gboL_dh]h y agZx \ b^ yl gh lZd`_ b kf hl jy lihwlhfm hgb kf_xlky Fh`_l ebq_eh\_d agZgbyieZdZlv" Y iheZ]ZxlZdGZrb ]eZaZkfhljylihwlhfm fu fh`_f kf_ylvky bebieZdZlv\_k_eblvky bebi_qZeblvkyEbqgh yg_ ex[ex [ulv i_qZevgufihwlhfmdh]^Z ygZ[ex^Zx qlheb[h qlh \ h[uqghf ihjy^d_aZklZ\beh [u f_gy hi_qZeblvkyy ijhklh kf_sZxk\hb ]eZaZb \b `m wlh\f_klh lh]hqlh[u k fh lj _l v gZwlhGh dh]^Zy \klj_qZxkvk q_feb[h aZ[Z\gufy kf hl jx gZwlhb ykf_xkvgh lh]^Z ^hg OmZgl\hc kf_o ^_ckl\bl_e_gZ g_ dhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklv >hg OmZgg_dhlhjh_ \j_fykfhlj_e gZf_gy Y ]h\hjx klh[hcihlhfm qlhlu f_gy kf_rbrv kdZaZe hglu gZihfbgZ_rvfg_ l_o imklugguo djuk k imrbklufb o\hklZfbdhlhju_ ihiZ^Zxlkydh]^Z aZkh\u\Zxl k\hb o\hklu\ ghju^jm]bo djukqlh[u bkim]Zlvbo bmdjZklv bo ibsmLu ihiZeky\ k\hbkh[kl\_ggu_ \hijhku;_j_]bkv Bgh]^Z wlb djukuh[ju\Zxl k_[_o\hkluqlh[u \uj\Zlvky gZ k\h[h^m Y gZr_e_]h kjZ\g_gb_aZ[Z\guf bjZkkf_yeky>hg OmZg h^gZ`û ihdZau\Ze fg_ g_[hevrbo ]jmamgh\ k imrbklufb o\hklZfbdhlhju_ [uebihoh`b gZlhekluo [_ehddZjlbgZ]^_ h^gZ ba wlbo `bjguodjuk hldjmqb\Z_l k\hc o\hklqlh[u \uj\Zlvky gZk\h[h^m[ueZ i_qZevghcb \lh `_\j_fy m`Zkgh kf_rghc Fhc kf_odZd b\k_ \hh[s_qlh y^_eZxj_Ze_g kdZaZe ^hg OmZgb \lh `_ \j_fy wlh dhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklvihlhfm qlhhg [_kihe_a_gHg gbq_]hg_ f_gy_lb \k_ `_y kf_xkv GhdZd yihgye^hg OmZgl\hc kf_og_ [_kihe_a_g lZd dZdhg ^_eZ_ll_[y kqZkleb\uf G_lY kqZkleb\ihlhfm qlhij_îhq_e kfhlj_lv gZ \_sbdhlhju_ ^_eZxl f_gykqZkleb\ufb lh]^Z fhb ]eZaZ ko\Zlu\Zxl boaZ[Z\gu_ ]jZgbb ykf_xkvY ]h\hjbel_[_ wlh m`_ [_kkq_lgh_ qbkehjZa<k_]^Z ke_^m_l\u[bjZlv ljhim k k_j^p_f êy lh]hqlh[u [ulv\ emqr_f êy kZfh]h k_[y iheh`_gbbfh`_l [ulvlh]^Z fh`gh[m^_l \k_]^Zkf_ylvky Y bklhedh\Ze kdZaZggh_dZd lhqlh ieZq gb`_q_f kf_obeb\hafh`gh^_ckl\b_dhlhjh_ gZk hkeZ[ey_lHg kdZaZeqlh lmlg_l \gmlj_gg_cjZagbpu bqlh dZdlhlZd b ^jm]h_ g_\Z`ghHg kdZaZeh^gZdhqlh _]h ij_îhql_gb_ kf_om \ua\Zghl_fqlh kf_oiha\hey_l _]hl_em qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y emqr_\ hlebqb_hl ieZqZGZ wlhy aZf_lbeqlh _keb _klv ij_îhql_gb_lh g_ljZ\_gkl\Z_keb ieZqmhg ij_îhq_e kf_oagZqbl ihke_^gbc^_ckl\bl_evgh [he__\Z`_gHg mijyfh ih^^_j`Ze k\h_ \ukdZau\Zgb_qlh _]h ij_îhql_gb_ g_ hagZqZ_l lh]hqlh ieZqb kf_og_ jZ\guZ ygZklZb\Zeqlh gZr kihjfh`_l [ulveh]bq_kdb ijhê_g^h lh]hqlh[ kdZaZlv qlh _keb\k_ \_sblZd jZ\gulh ihq_fm[u lh]^Zg_ \u[jZlv kf_jlv Fgh]b_ ex^b agZgby^_eZxl wlhH^gZ`û hgb fh]ml ijhklh bkq_agmlvEx^b fh]ml ^mfZlvqlh hgb [ueb ih^dZjZme_gu b m[blu aZbo ^_ygbyHgb ba[bjZxl kf_jlv ihlhfm qlhêy gbowlh g_bf__l gbdZdh]hagZq_gbyK ^jm]hc klhjhguy \u[jZe`blv bkf_ylvky g_ihlhfmqlh wlh bf__l dZdh_eb[h agZq_gb_Z ihlhfmqlh lZdh\Zkdehgghklv fh_c gZlmjuIjbqbgZih dhlhjhcy ]h\hjxqlh y\u[jZe wlh\ lhfqlh y \b `m gh wlhg_ agZqblqlh y \u[bjZx `blvg_kfhljy gb gZqlh balh]hqlh y \b `m Lu k_cqZk g_ ihgbfZ_rvf_gy baaZ k\h_cijb\uqdb ^mfZlv lZd dZd kfhljbrvb ^mfZlvlZddZd ^mfZ_sv ?]h aZy\e_gb_hq_gv f_gyaZbgl_j_kh\ZehY ihijhkbe_]h h[tykgblvqlh hg bf__l\ \b^mHg ih\lhjbelm `_ kZfmx dhgkljmdpbx g_kdhevdh jZadZd [u^Z\Zy k_[_\j_fyqlh[u ihkljhblv __ ^jm]bfbkeh\Zfbb aZl_f\ujZabe k\hx lhqdm aj_gbykdZaZ\qlh ih^ ^m fZ gv _f hgbf__l \ \b^m lm ihklhyggmx b^_xdhlhjmx fubf__f h[h\k_f \ fbj_Hg kdZaZeqlh \b ^_ gv _ jZa]hgy_lwlm ijb\uqdmb ^h l_o ihjihdZ yg_ gZmqmkv \b ^_ lv y g_kfh]m\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbihgylv lhqlh hgbf__l \\b^m Gh _kebgbq_]h g_bf__l agZq_gby^hg OmZglh ihq_fm [u bf_lvagZq_gb_ lhfmgZmqmkv y\b^_lv bebg_l" h^gZ`û ym`_ kdZaZel_[_qlh gZrZkm^v[ZdZd ex^_c khklhbl \ lhfqlh[u mqblvkyêy ^h[jZbeb êy aeZY gZmqbeky \b ^_ lv b ]h\hjx l_[_qlh gbq_]h \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb g_ bf__l agZq_gbyL_i_jv l\hc q_j_^ fh`_lh^gZ`û lu [m^_rv \b ^_ lv b lu magZ_rv lh]^Zbf_xl \_sbagZq_gb_ bebg_l>ey f_gygbq_]h g_bf__l agZq_gbyghfh`_l [ulvêy l_[y\k_ [m^_l_]h bf_lv D gZklhys_fm\j_f_gb lu^he`_g m`_agZlvqlh q_eh\_d agZgby `b\_l ^_ckl\byfbZ g_^mfZgv_f h^_ckl\byo b g_ ^mfZgv_f hlhfqlh hg[m^_l ^_eZlvihke_ lh]hdZd \uihegbl ^_ckl\b_Q_eh\_d agZgby\u[bjZ_l ljhimk k_j^p_fb ke_^m_l ih g_cB ihlhfhg kf hl jb l b \_k_eblkyb kf__lky b ihlhfhg \b ^b l b agZ_lHg agZ_lqlh _]h `bagv [m^_l aZdhgq_gZ\ dhg_qghfkq_l_hq_gv [ukljhHg agZ_l qlh hglZd`_dZd dlh[u lhgb [ueh_s_g_ b^_lgbdm^ZHg agZ_lihlhfm qlh \b ^b lqlh gbq_]h g_l [he__ \Z`gh]hq_f qlheb[h _s_ >jm]bfb keh\Zfbq_eh\_d agZgbyg_ bf__lgb q_klbgb \_ebqbygb k_fvbgb bf_gbgb kljZguZ lhevdh `bagv qlh[u __ijh`blvB ijblZdbo h[klhyl_evkl\Zo_^bgkl\_ggh_ qlh k\yau\Z_l _]h k ex^vfbwlh _]h dhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklvBlZdbf h[jZahfq_eh\_d agZgby ij_îjbgbfZ_l mkbeby bihl__lb hl^m\Z_lkyb _keb\a]eygmlv gZg_]hlh hg lhqgh lZdhc `_dZd b ex[hc h[uqguc q_eh\_daZ bkdexq_gb_f lh]hqlh ]emihklv_]h `bagb gZoh^blky ih^ dhgljhe_f Ijb lhfqlh gbq_]hg_ y\ey_lky [he__ \Z`gufq_f qlheb[h _s_q_eh\_d agZgby\u[bjZ_l ihklmihdb kh\_jrZ_l _]h lZddZd _keb[u ihke_^gbcbf_e êyg_]h agZq_gb_?]h dhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklvaZklZ\ey_l _]h]h\hjblv ^_eZ_l _]h kdZau\Zxsbf \Fqlh lhqlh hg^_eZ_lbf__l agZq_gb_ b ^_eZ_l _]h ^_ckl\mxsbflZddZd _keb[ lZdh_ agZq_gb_ ^_ckl\bl_evgh [uehb \lh `_\j_fy hgagZ_lqlh wlh g_ lZdihwlhfmdh]^Z hg\uihegbl k\hcihklmihdhg hloh^bl\ klhjhgm \ fbj_b lh[ueb eb_]h ihklmidb ohjhrbfb beb iehobfbijbg_keb hgbj_amevlZlu bebg_lgb \dh_c f_j_g_ y\ey_lky _]haZ[hlhcK ^jm]hcklhjhguq_eh\_d agZgbyfh`_l ba[jZlv lhqlh hg[m^_l kh\_jr_gghiZkkb\_g bgbdh]^Z g_ [m^_l ^_ckl\h\Zlvb [m^_l\_klb k_[ylZddZd [m^lh [ulv iZkkb\guf^_ckl\bl_evghbf__l êyg_]h agZq_gb_B hg [m^_l kh\_jr_ggh bkdj_g_g b\ wlhflZd`_ihkdhevdm wlh lZd`_ [m^_l_]h dhgljhebjm_fhc]emihklvx Y \h\e_d k_[y\ wlhff_kl_ \hq_gv imlZggu_ ihiuldb h[tykgblv ^hg OmZgmqlh ybgl_j_kmxkv l_fqlh `_ [m^_l fhlb\bjh\Zlv q_eh\_dZagZgby ihklmiZlvdZdbflh hij_^_e_gguf h[jZahfg_kfhljy gZlhqlh hgagZ_lqlh gbq_]hg_ bf__l agZq_gbyHg fy]dhaZkf_yeky ij_`^_q_f hl\_lblv Lu ^mfZ_rvh k\hboihklmidZoihwlhfm lu\_jbrv \lh qlh l\hbihklmidb gZklhevdh\Z`gugZkdhevdh lu^mfZ_rv hgb \Z`guLh]^Z dZd\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbgbq_]h balh]h g_\Z`gh qlh dlheb[h ^_eZ_lG bq _] hGh lh]^Z_keb \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb gbq_]h g_ bf__l agZq_gbylh dZdlu kijZrb\Z_rv f_gyy ijh^he`Zx`blv";ueh [Zijhs_ mf_j_lv bf_ggh lZd lu]h\hjbrv b\_jbrvihlhfm qlhlu ^mfZ_rv h `bagb lhqghlZd`_dZd lu^mfZ_rv h[h\k_f hklZevghfdZd lu l_i_jv ^mfZ_rvgZ qlh`_ ihoh`_ \b ^_ gv _Lu ohl_eqlh[u yl_[_ _]hhibkZe êylh]hqlh[ lufh] gZqZlv ^mfZlv h[ wlhf lhqgh lZd`_dZd lu ^mfZ_rv h[h \k_f hklZevghf< kemqZ_ \b ^_ gv yh^gZdh^mfZgv_ g_ y\ey_lky khklZ\ghc qZklvxihwlhfm yg_ fh]m jZkkdZaZlv l_[_qlh wlhlZdh_ \ b^ _l vL_i_jv lu ohq_rv qlh[ yhibkZe l_[_ijbqbgu fh_cdhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklbb y fh]m l_[_lhevdh kdZaZlvqlh dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklv hq_gv ihoh`Z gZ \b ^_ gv _Wlh g_qlhlZdh_h q_f g_evay ^mfZlvhg a_\gmeLu kebrdhf^he]h hlkmlkl\h\ZeLu ^mfZ_rv kebrdhffgh]h Hg ih^gyeky b ijhr_e\ aZjhkebqZiiZjZey m ^hfZY ih^^_j`b\Ze h]hgvqlh[u ]hjrhddbi_eY kh[jZeky [ueh aZ`_qv d_jhkbgh\mx eZfimgh ihemlvfZ[ueZ hq_gv mxlghc H]hgv ba i_qb ^Z\Ze^hklZlhqgh k\_lZqlh[u fh`gh [ueh ibkZlvb kha^Z\Zejhah\h_ kbygb_ih\kx^m \hdjm] f_gyY iheh`be k\hb aZibkb gZ a_fexb e_]Y qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y mklZeufBa \k_]h jZa]h\hjZk ^hghf OmZghf _^bgkl\_ggZy ykgZy fukev hklZeZkvm f_gy\ fha]mqlh _fm^h f_gy g_l gbdZdh]h ^_eZwlh [_kdhg_qgh[_kihdhbeh f_gyAZ ^he]b_ ]hû y ^h\_jbeky_fm?keb [uy g_bf_e ihegh]h^h\_jby d g_fmlh y[ue [uiZjZebah\Zg kljZohfm`_ ijbh^ghc lhevdh fukebqlh[u bamqZlv_]h mq_gb_gZ ijZdlbd_LhgZ q_f y hkgh\u\Ze k\h_^h\_jb_ dg_fm[ueZ b^_yqlh hg aZ[hlblky h[h fg_ebqghnZdlbq_kdby \k_]^Z[hyeky _]hgh y\k_]^Z m^_j`b\Ze k\hckljZo \ma^_ihlhfm qlhy \_jbe_fmDh]^Z hg m[jZewlm hkgh\mlh mf_gy g_hklZehkv gbq_]hgZ qlh[u fh`gh [ueh hibjZlvky ^Zevr_b y ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y [_kihfhsguf Hq_gv kljZggh_g_l_ji_gb_ ho\Zlbehf_gyY klZe hq_gv \ha[m`^_gguf b gZqZerZ]Zlv \aZ^\i_j_^ i_j_î_qdhc>hg OmZg aZ^_j`b\ZekyY kg_l_ji_gb_f `^Ze_]h Hg \_jgmekyg_fgh]h iha^g__k_e hiylvi_j_^ i_qdhcb y \ueh`be _fmk\hb kljZobY kdZaZe_fmqlh y haZ[hq_g ihlhfm qlh g_ fh]mf_gylv gZijZ\e_gb_ihkj_^b ihlhdZY h[tykgbe _fmqlh ihfbfh^h\_jbydhlhjh_ ybf_e dg_fmy gZmqbeky lZd`_ m\Z`Zlv _]hh[jZa `bagbdZd kms_kl\_ggh [he__ jZpbhgZevgucbebih djZcg_cf_j_[he__ ^_ckl\_gguc q_f fhcY kdZaZeqlh _]hkeh\Z \\_j]ebf_gy \ m`Zkguc dhgnebdlihlhfm qlhhgb lhedZxlgZ lhqlh[ ykf_gbe k\hb qm\kl\Z>ey lh]hqlh[u ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlvfhx lhqdmaj_gby y jZkkdZaZe^hg OmZgmbklhjbx h^gh]hklZjbdZ bafh_]h djm]Z hq_gv [h]Zlh]h dhgk_j\Zlb\gh]hxjbklZdhlhjuc ijh`be \kx k\hx `bagv[m^mqb m[_`^_gqlh ih^^_j`b\Z_lijZ\^m < gZqZe_o ]h^h\hg hdZaZekykljZklgh \h\e_q_gguf\ iheblbq_kdmx ^jZfm lh]h \j_f_gbHg [ue dZl_]hjbq_kdb m[_`^_gqlh iheblbq_kdh_ baf_g_gb_[m^_l ]b[_evguf êy kljZgub baij_^Zgghklb k\h_fmh[jZam `bagbhg ]hehkh\Zeb [hjheky ijhlb\lh]hqlh jZkkfZljb\ZedZd iheblbq_kdh_aeh Gh ijbeb\ \j_f_gb[ue kebrdhfkbe_ghg hkbebe_]hK\ur_ lb e_lhg [hjhekyijhlb\ wlh]hgZ Zj_g_b \k\h_c ebqghc `bagbaZl_f \lhjZyfbjh\Zy \hcgZh[jZlbeZ \k__]h mkbeby\ ihegh_ ihjZ`_gb_=em[hdZy ]hj_qvy\beZkv ke_^kl\b_f _]h iheblbq_kdh]h bb^_heh]bq_kdh]h iZ^_gbygZ e_l hg klZe kZfhba]gZggbdhfDh]^Z y\klj_lbe _]hlh _fm[ueh m`_ ]h^Zb hg\_jgmeky \k\hc jh^ghc]hjh^qlh[u ijh\_klbk\hb ihke_^gb_ ]hû \^hf_ êyij_klZj_euo>ey f_gy dZaZehkv g_ihgylgufqlh hglZd fgh]h`bemqblu\Zy lhdZd hglhibe k\hx `bagv \ ]hj_qb b`Zehklb d kZfhfm k_[_DZdbflh h[jZahf hggZr_e fh_h[s_kl\h ijbylgufb fuih^he]m k gbf jZa]h\Zjb\Zeb< ihke_^gbcjZadh]^Z y_]h \klj_lbehg aZdexqbe gZrjZa]h\hj ke_^mxsbfm f_gy[ueh \j_fyqlh[u h[_jgmlvky bijh\_jblv k\hx`bagv<hafh`ghqlh y\u[jhkbe ]hû `bagb gZ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ lh]hqlh gbdh]^Z g_ kms_kl\h\Zeh< ihke_^g__\j_fy mf_gy [uehqm\kl\hqlh y \_jbe \dZdhclh nZjkWlh g_klhbeh fhbomkbebcY kqblZx qlh y agZx wlhH^gZdhy g_fh]m \_jgmlv ihl_jygguo e_l Y kdZaZe ^hgmOmZgmqlh fhcdhgnebdl \hagbd ba l_o khfg_gbc\ dhlhju_f_gy [jhkbeb_]h keh\Zh dhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklb ?keb gbq_]h\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbg_ bf__lagZq_gby kdZaZe ylh klZ\q_eh\_dhf agZgbyg_\hevgh hdZ`_rvky lZdbf hg `_imklufdZd fhc^jm]b g_\ emqr_fiheh`_gbbq_f Wlh g_lZdkdZaZe ^hgOmZg hlju\bklhl\hc ^jm] h^bghdihlhfm qlhmfj_l [_a \b ^_ gv y< _]h`bagb hg ijhklhkhklZjbeky bl_i_jv mg_]h ^he`gh[ulv _s_[hevr_ `Zehklb dkZfhfm k_[_q_f dh]^Zeb[h jZg__Hg qm\kl\m_l qlh \u[jhkbe e_lihlhfm qlh]gZeky aZ ih[_^ZfbZ gZoh^be ihjZ`_gbyHg gbdh]^Z g_ magZ_lqlh [ulv ih[_^bl_e_f beb [ulvih[_`^_gguf h^gh blh `_AgZqbl l_i_jv lu [hbrvky f_gylZd dZdy kdZaZe l_[_qlh lu jZ\ghagZq_g \k_fm hklZevghfmLu \iZ^Z_rv\ ^_lkl\hGZrZ km^v[ZdZd ex^_cmqblvkyb b^lbd agZgbxke_^m_l lZd`_ dZd b^lbgZ \hcgmY ]h\hjbel_[_ wlh[_kkq_lgh_ qbkehjZa D agZgbx beb gZ \hcgmb^ml khkljZohfk m\Z`_gb_fk khagZgb_f lh]hqlh b^ml gZ \hcgmB k Z[khexlghc m\_j_gghklvx \k_[_<eh`b k\hx\_jm ^h\_jb_\ k_[yZ g_ \ f_gy B ihwlhfm lu l_i_jvbkim]Zg imklhlhc `bagb l\h_]h ^jm]ZGh g_limklhlu \`bagb q_eh\_dZagZgby y ]h\hjx l_[_<k_ gZiheg_gh^h djZ_\ <k_ gZiheg_gh^h djZ_\b \k_jZ\ghg_ dZdêy l\h_]h ^jm]Zdhlhjuc ijhklhkhklZjbekyDh]^Z y]h\hjx l_[_qlh gbq_]h g_bf__l agZq_gbyy bf_x\ \b^mg_ lhqlh bf__lhg >ey g_]h _]h[bl\Z `bagbg_ klhbeZmkbebcihlhfm qlh hg ih[_`^_g>ey f_gyg_ kms_kl\m_lgb ih[_ûgb ihjZ`_gbygb imklhlu<k_ gZiheg_gh^h djZ_\b \k_jZ\ghb fhy [bl\Z klhbeZ fhbomkbebc>ey lh]hqlh[u klZlvq_eh\_dhf agZgby gZ^h [ulv\hbghfZ g_ogudZxsbf j_[_gdhfGm`gh [blvkyb g_ k^Z\Zlvky ^h l_oihjihdZ g_klZg_rv \b ^_ lv ebrv êy lh]hqlh[u ihgylvlh]^Zqlh gbq_]hg_ bf__lagZq_gby >hg OmZgihf_rZe \]hjrd_ ^_j_\ygghceh`dhc?^Z [ueZ ]hlh\ZHg kgye]hjrhd kh]gy bihklZ\be _]hgZ q_luj_om ]hevgh_ dbjibqgh_khhjm`_gb_dhlhjh_ hg\ha\ukbe mkl_gu b dhlhjh_ kem`behdZd ihedZbeb dZdklheGh]hc hgih^lhedgme ^\Z g_[hevrboysbdZkem`b\rbo m^h[gufbklmevyfbhkh[_ggh _keb ijbkehgblvkyd kl_g_kibghcHg agZdhfijb]eZkbe f_gy kZ^blvky b aZl_fgZebe fbkdmkmimHg meu[Zeky?]h ]eZaZ kbyebdZd _keb [u _fm \ kZfhf ^_e_ gjZ\behkv fh_ ijbkmlkl\b_ Hg fy]dh ih^h^\bgme fbkdmdh fg_< _]h `_kl_ [ueh klhevdh l_ieZ b^h[jhluqlh wlhdZaZehkv[ueh ijhkv[hc \hkklZgh\blv dg_fm fh_^h\_jb_Y qm\kl\h\Zek_[y b^bhlkdb Y ihiulZekykf_gblv k\h_gZkljh_gb_jZaukdb\Zy k\hxeh`dm b g_fh] __gZclbKmi [uekebrdhf ]hjyqbfqlh[u iblv _]h ijyfh ba fbkdbb ihdZhg hklu\Zey kijhkbe ^hgZ OmZgZ hagZqZ_l eb_]h dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklvqlh q_eh\_dmagZgby gbdlh [hevr_ g_ fh`_l gjZ\blvkyHg i_j_klZe _klv b aZkf_yeky Lu kebrdhfaZ[hlbrvky hlhfqlh[u gjZ\blvky ex^yf beb qlh[u ex[blvbo kZfhfmkdZaZe hgq_eh\_d agZgby ex[bl b \k_Hg ex[blqlh ohq_lbeb dh]h ohq_lgh hg bkihevam_l k\hxdhgljhebjm_fmx ]emihklvêy lh]hqlh[u g_ aZ[hlblvky h[wlhfIjhlb\hiheh`ghklv lhfmqlh lu ^_eZ_rv l_i_jvEx[blv ex^_cbeb [ulvex[bfuf ex^vfbwlh ^Ze_dhg_ \k_qlh fh`gh^_eZlvdZd q_eh\_d Hg g_dhlhjh_\j_fy kfhlj_egZ f_gykdehgb\ ]heh\m gZ [hd >mfZc gZ^wlbfkdZaZe hg ?klv _s_h^gZ \_svh dhlhjhcy ohqmkijhkblv l_[y ^hg OmZgLu ]h\hjbeqlh[u kf_ylvkygZ^h kf hl j_ lv ]eZaZfbgh ykqblZxqlh fukf__fky ihlhfmqlh fu^mfZ_f <havfb ke_ih]hq_eh\_dZ hg lh`_kf__lky G_lke_iu_ g_kf_xlkybo l_eZkhljykZxlky g_fgh]hk lj_kdhf kf_oZHgb gbdh]^Zg_ kfhlj_ebgZ kf_rgu_]jZgb fbjZ b ^he`gu\hh[jZ`Zlv bok_[_Bo kf_owlh g_ohohl ;hevr_ fug_ ]h\hjbebM f_gy[ueh ohjhr__kZfhqm\kl\b_ b hsms_gb_kqZklvyFu _eb\ fheqZgbbaZl_f ^hgOmZg gZqZe kf_ylvkyY bkihevah\Zekmohc ijmlbdqlh[u ih^ghkblvh\hsb dh jlm hdly[jy ] K_]h^gy y \u[jZe \j_fy b kijhkbe ^hgZ OmZgZg_ \hajZ`Z_l eb hg ih]h\hjblv_s_ h \b ^_ gv bHg dZaZehkvk_dmg^m jZafureyeaZl_f meu[gmekyb kdZaZeqlh y hiylv \lygmeky \k\hx jmlbgm]h\hjblv \f_klhlh]hqlh[u ^_eZlv ?keb luohq_rv \b ^_ lv l_[_ ke_^m_l ^Zlv ûfdm mg_klb l_[ykdZaZe hgk m^Zj_gb_fy [hevr_ g_ ohqm ]h\hjblvh[ wlhf Y ihfh]Ze_fm qbklblvkmob_ jZkl_gby>he]h_ ij_fy fu jZ[hlZeb \iheghf fheqZgbbDh]^Z y\ugm`^_g ^he]hfheqZlv y \k_]^Z qm\kl\mx k_[yhq_gv \hkijbbfqb\ufhkh[_ggh \ ijbkmlkl\bb ^hgZOmZgZGZdhg_py g_\u^_j`Ze baZ^Ze _fm \hijhkdhlhjucdZaZehkvkZf \uj\Zekyba f_gy DZd q_eh\_dagZgby ijbf_gy_ldhgljhebjm_fmx ]emihklv _keb kemqblvkyqlh mfj_lq_eh\_ddhlhjh]h hg ex[bl" kijhkbe y >hg OmZg ihkfhlj_e gZ f_gy \hijhkbl_evgh hg dZaZehkvhi_rbe ijbfh_f \hijhk_ <havf_f l\h_]h\gmdZ ExkbhkdZaZe y;m^ml eb l\hb ^_ckl\bydhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklvx\h \j_fy_]h kf_jlb" <havf_f fh_]h kugZ wmeZebhwlh [he__ ohjhrbc ijbf_jkihdhcgh hl\_lbe^hg OmZghg [ue jZa^Z\e_g dZfgyfbdh]^Z jZ[hlZe gZ kljhbl_evkl\_ iZgZf_jbdZgkdhc ^hjh]bFhb ihklmidbih hlghr_gbxd g_fm\h \j_fy_]h kf_jlb [ueb dhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklvxDh]^Z y ijb[ue d f_klm \aju\Zhg [ue ihqlbf_jl\gh _]h l_eh [ueh gZklhevdh kbevgufqlh hgh ijh^he`Zeh ^\b]Zlvky b ^_j]ZlvkyY hklZgh\beky i_j_^gbf bkdZaZe iZjgyfba ^hjh`ghcdhfZgû g_ ljh]Zlv _]h[hevr_ hgb ihkemrZebkvb klhyebhdjm`b\ fh_]h kugZ]ey^y gZ_]h bamjh^h\Zggh_l_ehY lh`_klhye lZfgh y g_kfhlj_eY baf_gbek\hb ]eZaZlZdqlh[u y\b^_edZd jZkiZ^Z_lky _]hebqgZy `bagvg_dhgljhebjm_fh jZkrbjyykvaZ k\hb ij_^_euih^h[gh lmfZgmdjbklZeeh\ihlhfm qlh bf_ggh lZd `bagv b kf_jlvkf_rb\Zxlky bjZkrbjyxlky<hl qlh y ^_eZe \h \j_fykf_jlb fh_]hkugZWlh \k_qlh fh`gh [ueh ^_eZlvb wlhdhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklv?keb [uy kfhlj_egZ g_]hlh y gZ[ex^Ze [u aZ l_fdZd hg klZgh\blky g_ih^\b`gufb yihqm\kl\h\Ze [uieZq \gmljbk_[yihlhfm qlh gbdh]^Z[hevr_ fg_g_ ijb^_lkykfhlj_lv gZ_]h djZkb\mx nb]mjmb^msmx iha_fe_<f_klh wlh]hy \b ^_ e _]h kf_jlvb lZfg_ [uehi_qZeb bg_ [uehgbdZdh]h qm\kl\Z?]h kf_jlv [ueZjZ\ghagZqgZ \k_fmhklZevghfm >hg OmZgk_dmg^m fheqZeDZaZehkvhg [uei_qZe_ggh aZl_f hgmeu[gmeky bih]eZ^be f_gyih ]heh\_ LZd qlhfh`_rv kdZaZlvqlhdh]^Z ijhbkoh^blkf_jlv ex^_cdhlhjuo yex[exlh fhy g_dhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklv khklhbl \lhfqlh[u baf_gblvk\hb ]eZaZ Y ih^mfZe h ex^yodhlhjuo ykZf ex[exb m`ZkgZy ^Z\ysZy \hegZ`Zehklb dkZfhfm k_[_ho\ZlbeZ f_gy KqZkleb\uc lu^hg OmZgkdZaZe ylu fh`_rv baf_gblv k\hb]eZaZlh]^Z dZdy fh]mlhevdh kfhlj_lv Hg gZr_efh_ \ukdZau\Zgb_aZ[Z\guf baZkf_yeky KqZkleb\ucHk_ekdZaZe hgwlh ljm^gZyjZ[hlZ Fu hiylvjZkkf_yebkvIhke_ ^he]h]hfheqZgby yhiylv klZe iulZlv _]hfh`_l [ulvebrv êylh]hqlh[ jZa\_ylv k\hx kh[kl\_ggmx i_qZev ?keb y l_[yihgye lh]^ZijZ\bevgh^hg OmZglh _^bgkl\_ggu_ ihklmidb \`bagb q_eh\_dZagZgbydhlhju_ g_ y\eyxlky dhgljhebjm_fhc ]emihklvxwlh l_qlh hg \uihegy_l khk\hbf heebbeb f_kdZeblhG_ lZdeb" <_jghfhb heebb f_kdZeblhg_ gZh^ghc ^hkd_k gZfb ex^vfbFhy dhgljhebjm_fZy]emihklv ijbeh`bfZlhevdh dhfg_ kZfhfm b d ihklmidZfdhlhju_ y \uihegyxgZoh^ykv \ h[s_kl\_ ex^_c H^gZdheh]bq_kdb\hafh`gh ^mfZlvqlh q_eh\_d agZgby fh`_l lZd`_ jZkkfZljb\Zlvk\hb ihklmidb kh k\hbf heeb bebk f_kdZeblhdZd dhgljhebjm_fmx]emihklv\_jgh" Lu kgh\Z ^mfZ_rvQ_eh\_d agZgby g_ jZafurey_l ihwlhfm hg g_ fh`_l \klj_lblvky k lZdhc \hafh`ghklvx <havfbgZijbf_jf_gyY ]h\hjxqlh fhy dhgljhebjm_fZy ]emihklv ijbeh`bfZd ihklmidZfdhlhju_ ykh\_jrZxgZoh^ykv \ h[s_kl\_ex^_cY ]h\hjx wlhihlhfm qlh y fh]m \b ^ _l v ex^_cH^gZdhy g_ fh]m \b ^_ lv g Zk d\ ha v k\h_]hheebb wlh^_eZ_l _]hg_\hkijbgb fZ_fuf êyf_gyIhwlhfmdZd `_y fh]mdhgljhebjh\Zlv k\hx ]emihklv_keb y g_\b`m kd\havg__Kh k\hbf heeb beb f_kdZeblh y \k_]h ebrv q_eh\_ddhlhjuc agZ_ldZd \ b^ _l vb gZoh^blqlh hgh]emr_g l_fqlh hg \ b^ bl q_eh\_ddhlhjuc agZ_lqlh hg gbdh]^Z g_ ihcf_l \k_]hqlh _klv\hdjm] g_]h <havfbgZijbf_jl_[y>ey f_gyg_ bf__l agZq_gby klZg_rv lu q_eh\_dhf agZgbybeb g_lH^gZdhwlh bf__l dZdh_lh agZq_gb_ êyf_kdZeblhKh\_jr_ggh hq_\b^ghqlh êy g_]hwlh bf__lagZq_gb_bgZq_ [uhg g_k^_eZe lZdfgh]h rZ]h\qlh[u ihdZaZlvk\hx aZ[hlmh l_[_Y fh]m aZf_lblv _]h aZ[hlmb y^_ckl\mx khhl\_lkl\_gghwlhfmb l_f g_ f_g___]h aZ[hlZg_ihgylgZ êyf_gy =eZ\Z r_ kl Zy DZd jZa dh]^Zfu m`_kh[bjZebkv k_klv\ fhx fZrbgm qlh[ gZqZlv iml_r_kl\b_\ p_gljZevgmxF_dkbdmhdly[jy ]^hg OmZghklZgh\be f_gy Y ]h\hjbe l_[_ jZgvr_kdZaZe hg k k_jv_aguf \ujZ`_gb_fqlh gbdh]^Zg_evay jZkdju\Zlvgb bf_gbgb f_klhgZoh`^_gby fZ]ZY iheZ]Zxlu ihgbfZ_rvqlh lu g_ ^he`_g hldju\Zlvgb fh_]hbf_gbgb f_klZ]^_ gZoh^blkyfh_ l_ehK_cqZk ykh[bjZxkv ihijhkblvl_[y k^_eZlvlh `_kZfh_ ih hlghr_gbxd fh_fm^jm]mdhlhjh]h lu[m^_rv a\ZlvO_gZjh Fu _^_fd _]h^hfmLZf fuijh\_^_f g_dhlhjh_\j_fy Y aZ\_jbe ^hgZOmZgZqlh ygbdh]^Z g_h[fZgu\Ze _]h ^h\_jby Y agZxwlhkdZaZe hgg_ f_gyyk\h_]h \ujZ`_gby B \k_ `_ f_gy aZ[hlbl lhqlh lu klZgh\brvky lZdbf jZkk_ygguf Y aZijhl_klh\Zeb ^hgOmZg kdZaZeqlh _]hp_evx [ueh lhevdh gZihfgblv fg_qlh dZ`ûcjZadh]^Z klZgh\brvky jZkk_ygguf \ ^_eZo fZ]bblh b]jZ_rv k [_kqm\kl\_gghc kf_jlvxdhlhjmx fh`gh hl\jZlblv[m^mqb \gbfZl_evguf b hkhagZ\Zy k\hbihklmidb Fu [hevr_g_ [m^_fdZkZlvky wlh]h\hijhkZDZd lhevdh fu hlt_^_fhlkx^Zfu g_[m^_f mihfbgZlvh O_gZjhb g_[m^_f ^mfZlv hg_fY ohqmqlh[u k_cqZklu ijb\_e\ ihjy^hdk\hb fukebDh]^Z fu \klj_lbf_]hlu ^he`_g[ulv ykguf b g_ bf_lv khfg_gbc\ mf_ H dZdh]hjh^Z khfg_gbyolu ]h\hjbrv^hg OmZg" Ex[h]h jh^Zkhfg_gbyo \hh[s_Dh]^Z lu\klj_lbrv _]h lu ^he`_g [ulvojmklZevgh qbklufHg [m^_l \b ^_ lv l_[y ?]h kljZggu_ ij_^mij_`^_gby k^_eZeb f_gy hq_gv \ha[m^bfufY aZf_lbeqlh fh`_l[ulvfg_ emqr_\hh[s_ g_ \klj_qZlvky k _]h^jm]hfgh ebrvih^t_oZlv d_]h ^hfm b hklZ\blv ^hgZOmZgZ lZf Lhqlh ykdZaZe l_[_[ueh \k_]hebrv ij_^hkl_j_`_ gb_fkdZaZe hglu m`_\klj_lbe h^gh]hfZ]Z<bk_glZb hg qmlvg_ m[bel_[y;_j_]bkv gZwlhl jZa Ihke_ lh]hdZd fuijb_oZeb \p_gljZevgmx F_dkbdmm gZk mreh_s_ ^\Z^gyqlh[ ijhclbi_rdhf hllh]h f_klZ]^_ y hklZ\bek\hx fZrbgm^h ^hfZ_]h ^jm]ZfZe_gvdhc ob`bgu ijbe_ib\r_cky dkdehgm ]hju>jm] ^hgZOmZgZ klhyem ^\_j_c dZd [u h`b^Zy gZkY lml`_ magZe_]hY m`_ [ue k gbf agZdhfohly bhq_gv ih\_joghklghdh]^Z yijb\_a k\hxdgb]m ^hgm OmZgm< lhljZa ynZdlbq_kdbb g_kfhlj_e gZ g_]h djhf_ dZdf_evdhfihwlhfm mf_gy [uehhsms_gb_qlh hglh]h `_ \hajZklZqlh b^hg OmZgH^gZdhdh]^Z hgklhye m^\_j_c k\h_]h ^hfZy aZf_lbeqlh hg[ue agZqbl_evghfheh`_?fm \_jhylghlhevdh i_j_\ZebehaZ iylv^_kylHg [uegb`_ ^hgZ OmZgZ blhgvr_ _]hHg [uehq_gv l_f_gb `bebkl?]h \hehku [ueb ]mklufbb k_^h\Zlufbb g_kdhevdhêbggufbhgb gZ\bkZeb m g_]h gZ^mrZfb be[hf?]h ebph[ueh djm]eufb l\_jûf Hq_gv \uklmiZxsbc ghk ijb^Z\Ze _fm\b^ obsghc ilbpu k fZe_gvdbfb l_fgufb]eZaZfb Hg kgZqZeZ aZ]h\hjbe k ^hghf OmZghf>hg OmZg ih^l\_j`^Zxs_ db\gmeHgb djZldhih]h\hjbebHgb ]h\hjbebg_ ihbkiZgkdbihwlhfm yg_ ihgbfZeh q_fb^_l j_qvAZl_f ^hg O_gZjhih\_jgmeky dhfg_ >h[jh ih`Zeh\Zlv\ fhxfZe_gvdmx jZa\Zexomob`bgm ba\bgyxsbfky lhghfkdZaZe hgihbkiZgkdb ?]h keh\Z [ueb \_èb\hcnhjfmehcdhlhjmx y keurZe jZg__ \ jZaguok_evkdbo jZchgZoF_dkbdbH^gZdhdh]^Z hg kdZaZe wlbkeh\Zhg jZkkf_yekyjZ^hklgh[_a \kydbod lhfm ijbqbgb y agZeqlh hg ijbf_gy_l k\hx dhgljhebjm_fmx ]emihklv?fm ^_eZg_ [uehgb \fZe_cr_c kl_i_gbqlh _]h ^hf [uejZa\Zexohcob`bghcFg_ hq_gvihgjZ\beky ^hgO_gZjh < l_q_gb_^\mo ke_^mxsbo^g_c fuoh^beb \]hju kh[bjZlv jZkl_gby>hg OmZg^hg O_gZjhb yhlijZ\eyebkv dZ`ûc^_gv gZ jZkk\_l_KlZjbdb moh^beb\f_kl_ \dZdhclh ki_pbZevguc gh g_hij_^_e_gguc jZchg]hj bhklZ\eyeb f_gyh^gh]h \ahg_ e_kh\M f_gylZf [uehhkh[h_ khklhygb_ klZjZl_evghklb b \gbfZgbyY g_aZf_qZe oh^Z\j_f_gby g_hsmsZe gbdZdh]h g_m^h[kl\Z hl lh]hqlh y h^bgG_h[uqZcgh_ khklhygb_ dhlhjh_ êbehkv m f_gy h[Z ^gy[ueh kihkh[ghklvx dhgp_gljbjh\Zlvky gZlhgdhc aZ^Zq_gZoh`^_gby hij_^_e_gguo jZkl_gbcdhlhju_ ^hg OmZg ^h\_jbe fg_ kh[jZlvFu \ha\jZsZebkv ^hfhc d\_q_jmb h[Z^gy ylZd mklZ\Zeqlh g_f_ê_ggh aZkuiZe H^gZdhlj_lbc ^_gv[ue ^jm]bfFu \k_ljh_ jZ[hlZeb \f_kl_b ^hgOmZg ihijhkbe^hgZ O_gZjhgZmqblv f_gydZd kh[bjZlv hij_^_e_ggu_jZkl_gbyFu \_jgmebkvhdheh ihem^gyb h[Z klZjbdZ g_kdhevdh qZkh\kb^_eb hdheh ^hfZ \ iheghf fheqZgbbdZd _keb [hgb [ueb\ ljZgk_H^gZdhhgb g_ kiZebY iZjmjZa ijhr_ei_j_^ gbfb^hg OmZgijh\h^be f_gy ]eZaZfbb lZd`_ k^_eZe^hg O_gZjh L_[_ gm`gh]h\hjblv hjZkl_gbyo ij_`^_q_f lu bo khj\_rvkdZaZe ^hgOmZgHg jhgyek\hb keh\ZjZaf_j_ggh b ih\lhjbe k\h_ \ukdZau\Zgb_ljb jZaZdZd [uêy lh]hqlh[ ijb\e_qv fh_ \gbfZgb_Gbdlh gZkdZaZe gbkeh\ZihdZ hg ]h\hjbe >ey lh]hqlh[u \b ^_ lv jZkl_gbylu ^he`_g ]h\hjblv k gbfbi_jkhgZevghijh^he`Ze hglu ^he`_g agZlv bo bg^b\b^mZevghlh]^Z jZkl_gby kfh]ml jZkkdZaZlv l_[_ hgbo \k_qlh luaZohq_rv hgbo magZlv <j_fy dehgbehkv d\_q_jm>hg OmZgkb^_e gZ iehkdhf dZfg_ ebphfd aZiZ^guf]hjZf^hg O_gZjhkb^_e jy^hfk gbf gZ khehf_gghcpbgh\d_ebphf gZk_\_j>hg OmZgkdZaZe fg_\ i_j\uc ^_gvdh]^Z fuijb_oZeb lm^Zqlh wlhbo ihabpbb b qlhy ^he`_gkZ^blvky gZa_fex \ex[hf f_kl_gZijhlb\ gbo Hg kdZaZeqlh dh]^Zfu kb^bf\ lZdboihabpbyoy ^he`_g [ulv ih\_jgmlebphf dx]h\hklhdm bkfhlj_lv gZgbo lhevdh f_evdhf >ZlZd h[klhbl^_eh kjZkl_gbyfbg_ lZd eb" kdZaZe ^hg OmZgih\_jgm\rbkv d ^hgm O_gZjhdhlhjuc kh]eZkbeky ih^l\_j`^Zxsbf`_klhf Y kdZaZeqlh ijbqbghcfh_]h g_\uiheg_gby wlhc _]h bgkljmdpbb [uehlhqlh yqm\kl\h\Ze k_[yg_kdhevdh ]emih jZa]h\Zjb\Zy kjZkl_gbyfb L_[_ g_m^Zehkv ihgylvqlh fZ]g_ rmlblkdZaZe hg `_kldhlh]^Z fZ]^h[b\Z_lky lh]hqlh[u \b ^_ lv hg ^h[b\Z_lkylh]hqlh[u ihemqblvkbem >hg O_gZjhmklZ\beky gZf_gyY ^_eZeaZf_ldbb wlh dZaZehkvihjZ`Zeh _]hHg meu[gmekyfg_ihljyk ]heh\hc b qlhlh kdZaZe ^hgmOmZgm>hg OmZgih`Ze ie_qZfb<b^_lv f_gy ibrmsbf^hgm O_gZjhdZaZehkv \_kvfZkljZgguf>hg OmZg y iheZ]Zxm`_ ijb\udd lhfmqlh y\k_ aZibku\Zxb lhl nZdlqlh yibrmdh]^Z hg]h\hjbl[hevr_ g_m^b\eye _]h Hg fh] ijh^he`Zlv ]h\hjblvdZaZehkvg_ aZf_qZyq_f y aZgylH^gZdh^hg O_gZjhijh^he`Ze kf_ylvkyb fg_ijbrehkv ij_djZlblv aZibku\Zlvêy lh]hqlh[u g_ij_ju\Zlv gZkljhy jZa]h\hjZ >hg OmZg _s_ jZaih^l\_j^beqlh ihklmidb fZ]Z g_ ke_^m_l ijbgbfZlvaZ rmldbihlhfm qlhfZ] b]jZ_lkh kf_jlvx gZ dZ`^hf ih\hjhl_imlbAZl_f hggZqZe jZkkdZau\Zlv ^hgm O_gZjhdZd h^gZ`û ghqvx yihkfhlj_e gZ h]gb kf_jlb ke_^h\Z\r_c aZ gZfb\h \j_fyh^gh]h bagZrbo iml_r_kl\bc JZkkdZa hdZaZekyhq_gv kf_rguf>hg O_gZjhdZlZeky hlkf_oZ ih a_fe_ >hg OmZgba\bgbeky i_j_^hfghc bkdZaZeqlh _]h ^jm] ih^\_j`_g ijbklmiZf kf_oZY \a]eygme gZ ^hgZ O_gZjh dhlhjucdZd y^mfZe_s_ dZlZekyih a_fe_b m\b^_eqlh hg ^_eZ_l kh\_jr_ggh g_h[uqgmx\_svHg klhyegZ ]heh\_ [_a ihfhsb jmdZ _]hgh]b [uebkeh`_gu lZddZd _keb [u hg kb^_eAj_ebs_ ^h lh]hg_ rehgb \dZdb_ \hjhlZqlh y \kdhqbeDh]^Z y ihgyeqlh hg ^_eZ_l g_qlh kh\_jr_ggh g_\hafh`gh_ klhqdb aj_gbyf_oZgbdb l_eZhg \_jgmekyhiylv \ ghjfZevgh_iheh`_gb_H^gZdh ^hgOmZg [ue\b^bfhagZdhf k l_fqlh ijhbahrehb ijb\_lkl\h\Ze ij_^klZ\e_gb_ ^hgZ O_gZjh jZkdZlbklufkf_ohf >hg O_gZjhdZaZehkvaZf_lbe fh_aZf_rZl_evkl\hHg iZjm jZaoehigme \eZ^hrb bdjmlgmeky iha_fe_hq_\b^ghhg ohl_eqlh[ yke_^be aZgbfLhqlh kgZqZeZy ijbgye aZ dZlZgb_ ih a_fe_[uehnZdlbq_kdbjZkdZqb\Zgb_f l_eZ \ kb^yq_f iheh`_gbb lZdqlh ]heh\Z dZkZeZkv a_febHg \b^bfh^hklb]Ze k\h_cg_eh]bqghc ihaugZ[bjZy djmlysbc fhf_gljZkdZqb\Zykv g_kdhevdhjZaihdZ bg_jpbyg_ \u\_^_l _]h l_eh\ \_jlbdZevgh_iheh`_gb_lZd qlhgZ dZdh_lh \j_fy hg kZ^bekygZ k\hx]heh\m Dh]^Z bokf_o mlbo^hg OmZgijh^he`Ze k\hc jZa]h\hj _]h lhg [ue `_kldbfY i_j_f_gbe iheh`_gb_ l_eZqlh[ m^h[g__ [ueh kb^_lvb qlh[m^_eblv _fm\k_ \gbfZgb_Hg kh\k_f g_meu[ZekydZd ^_eZeh[uqgh lh]^Zdh]^Z yklZjZeky m^_eylv khagZl_evgh_ \gbfZgb_ lhfmqlh hg ]h\hjbl>hg O_gZjh ijh^he`Zekfhlj_lv gZf_gydZd _keb[u h`b^Zeqlh hiylv gZqgm aZibku\Zlvgh y[hevr_ g_ [jZeky aZ k\hb aZf_ldbKeh\Z ^hgZ OmZgZ[ueb jZaghkhfaZ lhqlh y g_ jZa]h\Zjb\Ze kjZkl_gbyfbkh[bjZy bodZd hg\k_]^Z \_e_e fg_ ^_eZlvHg kdZaZefg_qlh jZkl_gbydhlhju_ y m[be fh]ml lZd`_ m[blvb f_gyhg kdZaZeqlh m\_j_gjZgh beb iha^ghhgb ijbg_kmlfg_ [he_agvHg ^h[Z\beqlh _keb y aZ[he_x \ j_amevlZl_\j_^Zijbqbg_ggh]h jZkl_gbyflh y l_f g_ f_g__g_ ijbagZxwlh]h b ij_îhqlm kqblZlv wlh ]jbiihfH[Z hgbhiylv ijh\_ebfhf_gl \_k_evyaZl_f ^hg OmZg \gh\v klZek_jv_a_g bkdZaZeqlh _keby g_ ^mfZx h k\h_c kf_jlblh \kyfhy ebqgZy`bagv [m^_llhevdh ebqguf oZhkhfHg \a]eygmehq_gv j_adh Qlh _s_fh`_l [ulvm q_eh\_dZdjhf_ _]h`bagb b_]h kf_jlb"kdZaZe hgfg_ < wlhlfhf_gl yihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh kh\_jr_gghg_h[oh^bfh \k_ wlh aZibkZlv b\gh[v \ayekyaZ [ehdghl>hg O_gZjh mklZ\beky gZ f_gy bmeu[gmekyAZl_f hg kdehgbe ]heh\m g_fgh]h gZ[hd b jZkdjue gha^jbHghq_\b^ghbf_e aZf_qZl_evguc dhgljhevgZ^ furpZfbmijZ\eyxsbfb gha^jyfb ihlhfm qlhhgb jZkdjuebkv\ ^\ZjZaZ ijhlb\k\h_]h h[uqgh]h jZaf_jZ Qlh [uehgZb[he__ dhfbqguf\ _]hdehmgZ^_lZd wlh g_ klhevdh _]h`_kludZd _]hkh[kl\_ggZy j_ZdpbygZ gboIhke_ lh]hdZd hgjZkrbjbe k\hbgha^jbhg kdehgbeky \i_j_^ b \gh\v ijb\_e k\h_l_eh \lm `_kljZggmx i_j_\_jgmlmx iham kb^_gby gZ]heh\_ >hg OmZg kf_yekyihdZ ke_aug_ ihl_deb m g_]h ih s_dZfY qm\kl\h\Zek_[y g_kdhevdhjZa^jZ`_gguf b kf_yeky g_j\gh O_gZjh g_ex[bl ibkZlvkdZaZe hgdZd h[tykg_gb_ Y hleh`bek\hb aZf_ldbgh ^hgO_gZjh kdZaZeqlh \k_\ ihjy^d_ kibkZgb_fihlhfm qlhhg gZkZfhf ^_e_g_ \hajZ`Z_l ijhlb\ wlh]hHg ih\lhjbel_ `_kZfu_ j_[yqeb\u_^\b`_gbyb h[Z hgbhiylv j_Z]bjh\ZeblZd `_ >hg OmZg \a]eygmegZ f_gy\k_ _s_kf_ykvb kdZaZe qlh _]h ^jm] bah[jZ`Z_lf_gyQlh m f_gy _klv ijb\uqdZ jZa^m\Zlv gha^jbdZd lhevdhy gZqbgZxibkZlvb qlh ^hg O_gZjh ^mfZ_lqlh iulZlvkyklZlv fZ]hfaZibku\Zy ihmq_gby lZd`_ Z[kmj^ghdZd kb^_lvgZ ]heh\_ihwlhfm hgb ijbgbfZ_l lZdmx Z[kmj^gmxihami_j_ghky \_kk\h_]h kb^ys_]hl_eZ gZ h^gm ]heh\m Fh`_l [ulvlu g_gZoh^brv wlhaZ[Z\gufkdZaZe ^hg OmZggh lhevdhh^bg O_gZjhfh`_l kb^_lvgZ ]heh\_b lhevdh h^bg lu fh`_rv^mfZlv hlhfqlh[u klZlv fZ]hf aZibku\Zy ihmq_gby H[Z hgbhiylv bf_eb\aju\ kf_oZb ^hgO_gZjh ih\lhjbe k\h_ g_\_jhylgh_^\b`_gb_ Fg_ gjZ\bekyhg< _]hihklmidZo [uehlZd fgh]h]jZpbb b ijyfhlu Ijbghrm k\hb ba\bg_gby^hg O_gZjhkdZaZe y mdZau\Zy gZ[ehdghl <k_ \ihjy^d_kdZaZe hgb hiylvofudgme Y [hevr_ g_ fh]ibkZlvHgb hq_gv ^he]h ijh^he`Zeb ]h\hjblv hlhfdZd jZkl_gby^_ckl\bl_evgh fh]mlm[blv bdZd fZ]b bkihevamxl wlhdZq_kl\h jZkl_gbcH[Z hgb ijh^he`Zeb kfhlj_lv gZf_gydh]^Z ]h\hjbebdZd [uh`b^Zyqlh y[m^m ibkZlv DZjehkdZd ehrZ^vdhlhjZy g_ex[bl [ulvhk_êZgghc KdZaZe ^hgOmZgK gbfgZ^h [ulvhq_gv ^_ebdZlgufLu bkim]Ze _]hb l_i_jvhg g_ohq_l ibkZlv >hg O_gZjhjZkrbjbe k\hbgha^jb bkdZaZe kgZkf_reb\hc ijhkv[hc]jbfZkgbqZy b\uly]b\Zy ]m[udmjbghc ihidhc Ijh^he`ZyDZjemrZibrbIbrbihdZ m l_[y g_ hl\Zeblky [hevrhciZe_p >hg OmZg ih^gyeky\uly]b\Zy jmdbb \u]b[Zy kibgm G_kfhljy gZ ij_dehgguc \hajZkl_]h l_eh[ueh kbevguf b ]b[dbfHg ihr_e\ dmkluk djZx^hfZb yhklZeky gZ_^bg_k ^hghf O_gZjhHg ihkfhlj_egZ f_gyb yhl\_e ]eZaZihlhfm qlh hgaZklZ\eye f_gyqm\kl\h\Zlv k_[ykdh\Zgguf G_ ]h\hjbqlh lu^Z`_ g_ohq_rv kfhlj_lvgZ f_gy kdZaZe hgk djZcg_j_[yqeb\hc bglhgZpb_c Hg jZa^me gha^jb b aZklZ\bebo ^jh`ZlvAZl_f hg ih^gyeky b ih\lhjbe^\b`_gby ^hgZOmZgZ\u]b[Zy kibgm b \uly]b\Zy jmdbgh ijb wlhf _]h l_eh ijbgyeh djZcg_ g_\_jhylgh_ iheh`_gb_wlh [ueZ^_ckl\bl_evgh g_hibkm_fZy ihaZdhlhjZy kh\f_sZeZ \ k_[_ bkdexqbl_evgh_ qm\kl\h iZglhfbfu bqm\kl\h aZ]Z^hqghklbHgZ [jhkbeZf_gy \^jh`v Wlh [ueZfZkl_jkdZy dZjbdZlmjZgZ ^hgZOmZgZ < wlhl fhf_gl ^hgOmZg \_jgmekyb aZf_lbe `_klZ lZd`_\b^bfhb _]hagZq_gb_Hg k_eihkf_b\Zykv Dm^Z ^m_l\_l_j"agZqbl_evgh kijhkbe^hg O_gZjh >hg OmZgmdZaZe ^\b`_gb_f]heh\u gZaZiZ^ Y emqr_ihc^m lm^Zdm^Z \_l_j^m_lkdZaZe ^hg O_gZjh kk_jv_aguf \ujZ`_gb_fAZl_f hgih\_jgmeky dhfg_ b ihdZqZe fg_iZevp_f B g_h[jZsZc \gbfZgby_keb mkeurbrvkljZgguc a\md kdZaZe hgdh]^Z O_gZjhkj_l ]hju ljykmlky Hg iju]gme\ dmklub f]gh\_gb_kimkly ymkeurZe hq_gv kljZgguc a\md]em[hdbc g_a_fghc]jhohlY g_agZedZd _]h h[tykgblvY \a]eygmegZ ^hgZOmZgZbsZ h[tykg_gbygh hg kh]gmeky \^\h_hl ohohlZ hdly[jy ] Y g_ihfgxqlh ih[m^beh^hgZ O_gZjhjZkkdZaZlv fg_h[ mkljhckl\_ lh]h k\_lZdZd hg_]h gZau\ZeHg kdZaZeqlh fZkl_jfZ] [u\Z_l hjehf bebkdhj__qlh hg fh`_l ij_\jZsZlvky \ hjeZk ^jm]hcklhjhguaehc fZ] [u\Z_l kh\hc>hg O_gZjhkdZaZeqlh aehcfZ] wlh ^blyghqbb êy lZdh]h q_eh\_dZkZfu_ ihe_agu_`b\hlgu_ wlh imfZ b ^jm]b_ ^bdb_ dhrdbbeb ghqgu_ilbpuhkh[_ggh kh\uHg kdZaZeqlh [jmohk ebjbdhkebjbq_kdb_ fZ]bbf_y \ \b^m fZ]h\^be_lZglh\ij_îhqblZxl ^jm]bo `b\hlguo\hjhgm gZijbf_j>hg OmZgaZkf_yekyhg kemrZefheqZ>hg O_gZjh ih\_jgmeky dg_fm bkdZaZe Wlh ijZ\^Zlu `_agZ_rv wlhOmZgAZl_f hgkdZaZe qlh fZkl_jfZ] fh`_l \aylv k\h_]h mq_gbdZ k kh[hc \ iml_r_kl\b_ bnZdlbq_kdbijhclb q_j_akeh_\ lh]hk\_lZ FZkl_jbf_y \ \b^mqlh hghj_efh`_l gZqZlv k kZfh]h i_j\h]h gb`g_]h kehy b aZl_f ijhoh^blv q_j_a dZ`ûc ihke_^mxsbc fbjihdZ g_^hklb]g_l \_jrbguAeu_ fZ]b b ^be_lZglu fh]ml\ emqr_fkemqZ_kdZaZe hgijhoh^blv lhevdh q_j_aljb kehy >hg O_gZjh dhkgmekylh]hqlh ij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hc wlb klmi_gbkdZaZ\ GZqbgZ_rv kkZfh]h ^gZb aZl_fl\hc mqbl_ev [_j_l l_[y kkh[hc \ihe_lb \kdhj_[mfLu ijhoh^brvkd\hav i_j\uc kehcAZl_fg_fgh]h ih]h^y[mfLu ijhoh^brv kd\hav \lhjhcb [mfLu ijhoh^brvkd\hav lj_lbc >hg O_gZjh ijh\_ef_gy q_j_a[mfh\ ^h ihke_^g_]h kehy fbjZDh]^Z hghdhgqbe ]h\hjblv^hg OmZgihkfhlj_e gZ f_gy bihgbfZxs_ meu[gmeky JZa]h\hj g_ ij_^jZkiheh`_gghklvO_gZjhkdZaZe hggh _keblu ohq_rvihemqblv mjhdlh hgihmqbl l_[y h jZ\gh\_kbb \_s_c >hg O_gZjh ih^l\_j`^Zxs_ db\gmeHg keh`be ]m[u b ihemijbdjue ]eZaZFg_ _]h`_kl ihdZaZeky qm^_kguf>hg O_gZjh ih^gyekyb lZd`_k^_eZe ^hgOmZg EZ^ghkdZaZe ^hgO_gZjhFu fh`_f ih_oZlv b ih^h`^Zlv G_klhjZb IZ[eblhHgb m`_k\h[h^guIh q_l\_j]Zf hgb jZghhk\h[h`^Zxlky H[Z hgbk_eb dhfg_ \fZrbgm^hg OmZgk_e ki_j_^bY gb h q_fg_ kijZrb\ZeboZ ijhklhaZ\_e fhlhj>hg OmZg gZijZ\eye f_gyd f_klmdhlhjh_ih _]hkeh\Zf[ueh ^hfhf G_klhjZ>hg O_gZjh\hr_e \^hf bg_fgh]h ih]h^y \ur_e \ khijh\h`^_gbb G_klhjZb IZ[eblh^\mo fhehûoex^_cdhlhju_ [ueb _]hmq_gbdZfb <k_ hgbk_eb dhfg_ \fZrbgmb ^hgOmZg kdZaZeqlh[u y _oZeih ^hjh]_\_^ms_c daZiZ^guf ]hjZf Fu hklZ\bebfhx fZrbgmgZ djZx]jmglh\hc ^hjh]bb ihreb i_rdhf \^hev[_j_]Z j_dbrbjbgZ dhlhjhc[ueZ\_jhylgh f_ljh\^h \h^hiZ^Z\b^bfh]h m`_k lh]h f_klZ]^_ y hklZgh\be fZrbgm ;ueh hdhehq_luj_o qZkh\^gyHdjm`Zxsbc \b^[ue \_kvfZ \gmrbl_evgufIjyfh m gZkgZ^ ]heh\Zfb \bk_eZ h]jhfgZy q_jgZy kkbg_\hc lmqZdhlhjZy dZaZeZkviZjys_c djur_chgZ bf_eZ ohjhrh\ujZ`_gguc djZcb nhjfm]jhfZ^gh]h ihemdjm]ZD aZiZ^m gZkdehgZo \ukhdbop_gljZevguo dhj^bev_j\b^bfhr_e ^h`^vHg \u]ey^_e[_eh\Zlhc aZgZ\_kdhcih\_r_gghc i_j_^ kbgbfb ibdZfbGZ \hklhd_ gZoh^beZkv ]em[hdZy êbggZy ^hebgZgZ^ dhlhjhc\bk_eb lhevdhhl^_evgu_ h[eZqdZb kbyeh khegp_DhgljZkl f_`^m^\mfy wlbfbjZchgZfb [ue\_ebdhe_i_g Fu hklZgh\bebkv m ih^gh`by \h^hiZ^Z?]h \ukhlZ [ueZ ih`Zemchdheh f_ljh\j_\ klhyehq_gv ]jhfdbc >hg O_gZjhgZ^_e \hdjm]lZebb ihykk g_]hk\bkZeh k_fv ij_^f_lh\dhlhju_ \u]ey^_ebdZd fZe_gvdb_dm\rbgqbdbHg kgye reyimb ^Ze_c \bk_lvaZ kibghcgZ rgmjd_aZ\yaZgghf \hdjm] r_bHg ^hklZe]heh\gmx e_glmdhlhjZy [ueZm g_]h\ dhr_evd_k^_eZgghf balheklhc r_jklyghcfZl_jbb=heh\gZy e_glZ lZd`_ [ueZ ba]hlh\e_gZ ba jZaghp\_lguo r_jklyguo gblh\Yjdh`_eluc m\_lhkh[_ggh \u^_eyeky\ g_c< ]heh\gmx e_glm hg \hldgmeljb hjebguoi_jZY aZf_lbeqlh lhqdb dm^Z hg \hldgmei_jvy[ueb g_kbff_ljbqguH^gh i_jh [ueh gZ^ aZ^gbfba]b[hf _]hijZ\h]h moZ^jm]h_ [uehgZ g_kdhevdh ^xcfh\ \i_j_^bAZl_f hg kgye kZg^Zebbijbp_ibe beb ijb\yaZe bo dihykm rlZgh\b aZkl_]gmeihyk ih\_jo k\h_]h ihgqhIhykdZaZehkv[ue kie_l_gba ihehkhddh`bY g_ kfh] m\b^_lvaZ\yaZe hg_]h bebaZkl_]gme gZijy`dm>hg O_gZjh ihr_eih gZijZ\e_gbxd \h^hiZ^m >hg OmZg mklZgh\be djm]euc dZf_gv \ mklhcqb\h_ iheh`_gb_ bk_e gZg_]hH[Z fhehûoq_eh\_dZ k^_eZeblh `_ kZfh_ k ^jm]bfb dZfgyfbb k_ebke_\Z hl g_]h>hg OmZg mdZaZe fg_gZ f_klhjy^hf kkh[hc kijZ\hc klhjhgub kdZaZe qlh[u yijbg_k dZf_gvb k_e Fu ^he`gu a^_kv h[jZah\ZlvebgbxkdZaZe hg ihdZaZ\qlh hgbljh_ k_eb\ h^bgjy^ D wlhfm\j_f_gb ^hgO_gZjh ^hklb]kZfh]h ^gZ\h^hiZ^Z b gZqZe \a[bjZlvky ih kdZe_ke_\Z hlg_]hHllm^Z]^_ fu kb^_ebkdZeZ dZaZeZkv \_kvfZhl\_kghcLZf [ueh fgh]h dmklh\aZ dhlhju_hg o\ZlZekyijb^_j`b\ZykvH^bg jZahg \b^bfhihl_jye hihjmb qmlvg_ khkdhevagme\gbadZd _keb[ ihq\Z [ueZ kdhevadhcG_fgh]h ih]h^y ih\lhjbehkv lh `_ kZfh_b fg_ijbreZ \]heh\m fukevqlh ^hgO_gZjhih`Zemc kebrdhf klZjqlh[ eZablv ihkdZeZfY \b^_edZd hg g_kdhevdh jZaihkdZevau\Zeky bhklmiZeky ij_`^_q_f ^hklb] lhqdb]^_ jZks_ebgZih dhlhjhchg \a[bjZekydhgqbeZkv Y bkiulZe qm\kl\h jZkl_jygghklbdh]^Z hg gZqZe dZjZ[dZlvky \ur_ih kdZe_Y g_fh] k_[_h[tykgblvqlh hg kh[bjZ_lky ^_eZlv Qlh hg^_eZ_l"kijhkbe y^hgZ OmZgZr_ihlhf>hg OmZg g_\a]eygme gZf_gy Hq_\b^ghqlh hg\a[bjZ_lkykdZaZe hg >hg OmZgkfhlj_e ijyfhgZ ^hgZO_gZjh?]h \a]ey^ [ue hklZgh\b\rbfky?]h ]eZaZ[ueb ihemijbdjuluHg kb^_ehq_gv ijyfh kjmdZfbkeh`_ggufb f_`^mgh]Y g_fgh]hgZdehgbeky qlh[u ihkfhlj_lv gZ fhehûoex^_c^hg OmZg k^_eZe fg_ ih\_ebl_evguc agZd jmdhcqlh[u aZklZ\blv f_gy \_jgmlvky gZaZ^ \ ebgbxY lhlqZkhldZqgmekyY ebrv f_evdhf \b^_e fhehûo ex^_cHgb dZaZebkvlZdbfb `_\gbfZl_evgufbdZd b hg>hg OmZg k^_eZe _s_ h^bg`_kl jmdhc b ihdZaZe \ gZijZ\e_gbb \h^hiZ^ZY \a]eygme\gh\v>hg O_gZjh\ah[jZeky m`_ ^h\hevgh ^Ze_dh gZ kdZem< lhl fhf_gldh]^Z y \a]eygmehg ijbe_ibeky dg_[hevrhfm \uklmimihg_fgh]m ijhdeZû\Zy imlvqlh[u h[h]gmlvdZf_gguc dhauj_d?]h jmdb [ueb \ulygmlu \klhjhgudZd _keb[u hgh[gbfZe kdZemHg f_ê_ggh ijh^\b]Zeky \ijZ\hb \g_aZighihl_jye hihjm ih^ gh]ZfbY g_\hevghZogmeGZ f]gh\_gb_\k_ _]hl_eh ih\bkeh \ \ha^mo_Y [uem\_j_gqlh hgiZ^Z_lgh hgg_ miZe?]h ijZ\Zy jmdZko\ZlbeZkv aZqlhlh bhq_gv ihkl_i_ggh_]h gh]b \_jgmebkv gZ\uklmi \gh\vGh ij_`^_q_f ^\bgmlvky^Zevr_ hg ih\_jgmeky d gZf b\a]eygmeWlh [ue lhevdh \a]ey^ f_evdhfgh \ih\hjhl_ _]h]heh\u [ueZlZdZy klbebaZpbyqlh y gZqZeqm\kl\h\Zlv m^b\e_gb_Y \kihfgbelmlqlh hg^_eZe lh `_ kZfh_ih\hjZqb\Zeky bkfhlj_e gZgZkdZ`ûc jZa dh]^Z hgihkdZevau\ZekyM f_gy[ueZ fukevqlh ^hgZO_gZjh jZa^jZ`Z_l _]hkh[kl\_ggZy g_mdex`_klvb hg ih\hjZqb\Z_lky ihkfhlj_lv\b^bf ebfu __ Hg _s_ g_fgh]h ijh^\bgmekyd \_jrbg__s_ h^bg jZa ihl_jye hihjmih^ gh]Zfbb ko\ZlbekyaZ gZ\bkZ\rmxkdZemGZ wlhl jZa hg m^_j`Zekye_\hc jmdhcDh]^Z hg \hkklZgh\be jZ\gh\_kb_hg hiylvih\_jgmeky bihkfhlj_e gZgZkHg _s_ ^\Z`û ihkdZevau\Zekyij_`^_q_f hg^hklb] \_jrbgu Hllm^Z]^_ fukb^_eb\_jogbc djZc\h^hiZ^Z dZaZeky f_ljh\ rbjbghcK_dmg^m ^hgO_gZjh klhyeg_ih^\b`ghY kh[bjZeky kijhkblv^hgZ OmZgZqlh ^hgO_gZjh kh[bjZ_lkylZf ^_eZlvgh ^hgOmZgdZaZehkv[ue lZdih]ehs_g gZ[ex^_gb_f qlh yg_ hkf_ebeky[_kihdhblv _]h <g_aZigh^hg O_gZjh iju]gme\ \h^mWlh [ue lZdhc kh\_jr_ggh g_h`b^Zgguc ihklmihdqlh m f_gy aZo\Zlbeh ûoZgb_Wlh [ue\_ebdhe_iguc g_a_fghciju`hdGZ f]gh\_gb_ fg_ ihdZaZehkvqlh y\b^_e k_jbxgZeZ]Zxsboky ^jm]gZ ^jm]Z kgbfdh\ _]h l_eZkh\_jrZxsbo weebilbq_kdbc ihe_l gZ k_j_^bgm j_db Dh]^Z fh_ m^b\e_gb_ me_]ehkvy aZf_lbeqlh hg ijba_febeky gZ dZf_gv gZ kZfhf djZx \h^hiZ^ZdZf_gv dhlhjuc [ue_^\Z aZf_l_gk lh]hf_klZ]^_ fukb^_eb Hg hklZ\ZekylZf ^he]h_\j_fyhgdZaZehkv[hjheky k i_j_dZlu\Zxs_cky q_j_adZf_gv \h^hc>\Z`û hgih\bkZe gZ^ ijhiZklvxb yg_ fh]ihgylvqlh _]hm^_j`b\Z_l hliZ^_gby Hg \hkklZgh\bek\h_ jZ\gh\_kb_b i_j_klmibegZ dZfg_k gh]b gZ gh]mAZl_f hgiju]gme hiylvdZd lb]jY _^\Zfh] \b^_lv ke_^mxsbc dZf_gvgZ dhlhjuchg himklbekywlh [uedZd [u fZe_gvdbc hkljuc\uklmi gZ]j_[g_ \h^hiZ^Z LZf hghklZ\Zeky ihqlbfbgmlHg [ueg_ih^\b`_g?]h g_ih^\b`ghklv [ueZêy f_gyklhev \gmrbl_evghcqlh ygZqZe ^jh`ZlvY ohl_e\klZlv bijhclbkv>hg OmZg aZf_lbe fhx g_j\haghklv bih\_ebl_evgh \_e_efg_ mkihdhblvky G_ih^\b`ghklv ^hgZ O_gZjhijb\_eZ f_gy\ g_h[uqZcguc fbklbq_kdbc m`ZkY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh _kebhg _s_ hklZg_lky lZf klhylvlh yg_ kfh]mm^_j`b\Zlv dhgljhev gZ^ kh[hc <g_aZigh hg iju]gme \gh\vGZ wlhljZa ijyfh ^h ^jm]h]h [_j_]Z \h^hiZ^ZHg himklbekygZ gh]bb jmdbdZd dhrdZ hklZ\Zeky \ lZdhf iheh`_gbb k_dmg^maZl_f ih^gyeky b \a]eygme q_j_a \h^hiZ^gZ ^jm]mxklhjhgmZ aZl_f\gba gZ gZkHg klhye\ dZf_gghcg_ih^\b`ghklb]ey^y gZgZk?]h jmdb [ueb ijb`Zlud [hdZflZddZd _keb[u hg^_j`Zeky aZ g_\b^bfu_ ihjmqgb ;ueh qlhlh ihbklbg_g_ihgylgh_ \lhfdZd hg klhye _]h l_eh dZaZehkvlZdbf lhgdbflZdbf ojmidbfY ih^mfZe qlh ^hg O_gZjh kh k\h_c ]heh\ghc ih\yadhckh k\hbfb hjebgufb i_jvyfbk\hbf l_fgufihgqh bk\hbfb [hkufbgh]Zfb [ue kZfuf djZkb\uf q_eh\_q_kdbf kms_kl\hfdZdh_ y dh]^Zgb[m^v \b^_e <g_aZigh hg\u[jhkbe jmdb\\_joih^gye ]heh\mb [ukljh [jhkbe k\h_l_eh \klhjhgmgZih^h[b_ [hdh\h]hkZevlh \e_\h <ZemggZ dhlhjhfhg klhye[ue djm]eucb dh]^Zhg iju]gme hg bkq_aaZ gbf < wlhl fhf_glklZeb iZ^Zlvdjmigu_ dZieb ^h`^y>hg OmZg ih^gyekyb \f_kl_k gbfih^gyebkv ^\h_fhehûo ex^_c Bo ^\b`_gb_ [ueh klhev \g_aZigufqlh y aZf_rdZeky FZkl_jkdbc ljxd ^hgZO_gZjh \\_ef_gy \khklhygb_ ]em[hdh wfhpbhgZevgh]h \ha[m`^_gbyY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh hg y\ey_lky \k_ ho\Zlu\Zxsbf Zjlbklhfb yohl_e lml`_ m\b^_lv_]h b Zieh^bjh\Zlv _fmY klZjZeky\a]eygmlv gZ e_\mx klhjhgm \h^hiZ^Zqlh[u m\b^_lvg_ kimkdZ_lkyeb hg\gbagh _]hg_ [uehY gZklZb\ZegZ lhfqlh[u magZlvqlh kgbf klZehkv >hg OmZgg_ hl\_qZe GZf emqr_ ihki_rblv hlkx^ZkdZaZe hgwlh gZklhysbc eb\_gvGZf gZ^haZ\_alb IZ[eblhb G_klhjZd gbf ^hfhcZ ihlhffu gZqg_fk\h_ h[jZlgh_iml_r_kl\b_ Y ^Z`_g_ ihijhsZekyk ^hghfO_gZjh\hajZ`Ze y Hg m`_ihijhsZeky klh[hchl\_lbe ^hgO_gZjh j_adh Hg k_dmg^m kfhlj_e gZ f_gyaZl_f kfy]qbe k\h_ \ujZ`_gb_ ebpZb meu[gmeky Hg ih`_eZel_[_ lZd`_\k_]h ohjhr_]hHg qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y ij_djZkghk lh[hc Gh jZa\_fu g_kh[bjZ_fky ^h`^Zlvky_]h" G_lkdZaZe j_adh^hg OmZgimklv hg hklZ_lky ]^_ [u hggb [ueFh`_lhg hj_ee_lysbc d ^jm]bf fbjZf bebfh`_l [ulvhg mf_jlZfWlh g_bf__l k_cqZkagZq_gby hdly[jy ] >hg OmZg g_\agZqZc aZf_lbeqlh hg kh[bjZ_lky \ g_^Ze_dhf [m^ms_fkh\_jrblv _s_h^gm ih_a^dm\ p_gljZevgmx F_dkbdm Lu kh[bjZ_rvkygZ\_klblv ^hgZO_gZjh"kijhkbe y <hafh`ghkdZaZe hgg_ ]ey^ygZ f_gy K gbf \k_\ ihjy^d_g_ lZdeb^hg OmZg"Y ohqm kdZaZlvqlh k gbfgbq_]h g_kemqbehkv iehoh]h lh]^Z gZ \_jrbg_ \h^hiZ^Z" Gbq_]h kgbf g_kemqbehkvHg dj_ihd G_dhlhjh_ \j_fyfu jZa]h\Zjb\Zebh iml_r_kl\bbdhlhjh_ hg ieZgbjh\ZeAZl_f ykdZaZeqlh fg_hq_gv ihgjZ\behkv \ dhfiZgbb k ^hghf O_gZjhb ihgjZ\bebkv _]h rmldbHg aZkf_yeky bkdZaZeqlh O_gZjh^_ckl\bl_evghdZd j_[_ghd Lml [ueZêbggZy iZmaZY gZijy]Zek\hc fha]iulZykv gZclb kihkh[dZd i_j_\_klbjZa]h\hj gZ^Zgguc fg_mjhd>hg OmZg ihkfhlj_e gZf_gy b`Zehkleb\uf lhghfkdZaZe L_[_ ^hkf_jlb ohq_lkykijhkblv f_gyh[ mjhd_O_gZjh g_ lZdeb" Y gZijy`_ggh aZkf_yekyY g_i_j_klZ\Ze ^mfZlv h[h \k_fqlh ijhbahrehm \h^hiZ^ZY \gh\vb \gh\v i_j_[bjZe \k_ ^_lZebdZdb_ lhevdh fh] \kihfgblvb ijboh^be d aZdexq_gbxqlh y [uek\b^_l_e_f ijhy\e_gby g_\_jhylghc nbabq_kdhc eh\dhklbY ^mfZeqlh ^hgO_gZjh[_a khfg_gby y\ey_lky g_ij_\ahc^_gguf fZkl_jhf jZ\gh\_kbyDZ`^h_ hl^_evgh_ ^\b`_gb_dhlhjh_ hg k^_eZe[ueh \ukhdh jblmZebah\Zggufm` g_]h\hjy hlhfqlh hgh ^he`gh [ulv bf_eh dZdh_lh g_h[tykgbfh_kbf\hebq_kdh_ agZq_gb_ >ZkdZaZe yIjbagZxqlh fg_^h kf_jlbohq_lky magZlv\ q_faZdexqZeky _]hmjhd Iha\hev fg_kdZaZlv l_[_kdZaZe ^hgOmZgqlh wlh êyl_[y [uehljZlhc \j_f_gb?]h mjhd[ue êylh]hdlh \ b^ bl IZ[eblh bG_klhj meh\bebhl[e_kd wlh]hmjhdZ ohly hgb_s_ \b ^y l iehohGh luijbr_e lm^Zkfhlj_lv Y ]h\hjbeO_gZjhqlh luhq_gv kljZggucgZ[bluc ^mjZdb qlh fh`_l [ulvl_[y fh`ghhimklhrblv _]hmjhdhfgh k lh[hc wlh]h g_kemqbehkv<ijhq_fwlh g_\Z`gh< b^ _g v_ Hq_gv ljm^gZy \_svY g_ ohl_eqlh[u lu ihlhf jZa]h\Zjb\Ze k O_gZjhihwlhfm gZfijbrehkv m_oZlvHq_gv iehohH^gZdh[ueh [uom`_ hklZlvkyO_gZjh hq_gvjbkdh\Ze qlh[u ihdZaZlv l_[_qlhlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh qm^_kgh_Hq_gv iehohqlh lug_ fh`_rv \b ^_ lv Fh`_l [ulv^hg OmZg_keb lujZkkdZ`_rv fg_\ q_f khklhye mjhdlh ykfh]m h[gZjm`blvqlh y\ ^_ckl\bl_ evghklb\ b^ _e >hg OmZghl kf_oZkh]gmeky \^\h_ L\hy emqrZyq_jlZ aZ^Z\Zlv \hijhkukdZaZe hg Hg y\ghkh[bjZeky \gh\vhklZ\blv wlml_fmFu kb^_eb dZd h[uqghgZ iehsZ^d_ i_j_^_]h ^hfhf<g_aZighhg ih^gyeky b\hr_e \gmljvY ihr_eke_^hfgZklZb\Zy gZ lhf qlh[ hibkZlv_fm lhqlh y\b^_e Y \_jghbaeh`be \kxihke_^h\Zl_evghklv kh[ulbclZddZd bo ihfgbe<k_ \j_fyihdZ yjZkkdZau\Ze^hg OmZgijh^he`Ze meu[ZlvkyDh]^Z yaZdhgqbehg ihljyk]heh\hc < b^ _g v_ hq_gvljm^gZy \_svkdZaZe hg Y ihijhkbe_]h h[tykgblvk\hx njZam < b^ _g v_ wlh g_l_fZ êy jZa]h\hjh\ kdZaZe hg ih\_ebl_evghHq_\b^ghhg g_ kh[bjZeky [hevr_ gbq_]h fg_jZkkdZau\ZlvIhwlhfm yk^Zeky b\ur_e ba ^hfZ qlh[u \uihegblvdh_dZdb_ _]hihjmq_gby Dh]^Z y\_jgmekym`_ kl_fg_ehFu i_j_dmkbebZ aZl_f \ureb gZjZfZ^mG_ mki_ebfu mk_klvkydZd ^hgOmZg gZqZe ]h\hjblv h[mjhd_ ^hgZO_gZjhHg kh\k_fg_ ^Zefg_ \j_f_gb qlh[ d wlhfmijb]hlh\blvkyFhb aZibkdb[ueb ijb fg_gh [ueh kebrdhfl_fghqlh[u ibkZlvb yg_ ohl_ek[b\Zlv _]hk jZa]h\hjZ l_fqlh[ ihclbaZ d_jhkbgh\hceZfihc Hg kdZaZeqlh ^hgO_gZjh[m^mqb fZkl_jhfjZ\gh\_kby fh] \uihegylvhq_gv keh`gu_b ljm^gu_^\b`_gbyKb^_gb_ gZ ]heh\_ [uehh^gbf balZdbo ^\b`_gbcb bfhg ohl_eihdZaZlv fg_qlh g_\hafh`ghmqblvky \b ^_ lv ^_eZy aZibkb Kb^_gb_ gZ ]heh\_ [_aihfhsb jmd[ueh\ emqr_f kemqZ_ rmlh\kdbf ljxdhfdhlhjuc êblkyebrv k_dmg^mIh fg_gbx ^hgZ O_gZjhibkZlv h \b ^_ gv b wlh lh`_ kZfh_lh _klv wlhijhklh ljm^gucfZg_\jlZdhc `_kljZgguc blZdhc `_ g_gm`gucdZd kb^_gv_gZ ]heh\_ >hg OmZg mklZ\beky gZ f_gy \ l_fghl_ b hq_gv ^jZfZlbq_kdbf lhghfkdZaZeqlh \lh \j_fydZd ^hg O_gZjh h[oZ`b\Ze f_gykb^y gZ ]heh\_y [ue gZ kZfhc ]jZgb \ b^ _g vy >hg O_gZjhaZf_lbe wlhb ih\lhjye k\hc fZg_\j kgh\Z bkgh\Zgh [_alhedmlZd dZdy m`_ ihl_jye gZc^_ggmx [uehgblv>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh aZl_f^hg O_gZjh ljhgmluc ebqghckbfiZlb_c dhfg_ij_îjbgye ihiuldm \gh\v \_jgmlv f_gy gZ ]jZgv \b ^_ gv yIhke_ hq_gv lsZl_evguo jZafure_gbc hg j_rbeihdZaZlv fg_qlh lZdh_ jZ\gh\_kb_i_j_k_dZy \h^hiZ^Hg qm\kl\h\Zeqlh \h^hiZ^ ih^h[_g lhfm ihjh]mi_j_^ dhlhjufy klhxb \_jbeqlh y lh`_ kfh]m_]h i_j_k_qv AZl_f ^hg OmZgh[tykgbe ij_^klZ\e_gb_^Zggh_ ^hghf O_gZjhHg kdZaZeqlh m`_]h\hjbe fg_qlh q_eh\_q_kdb_ kms_kl\Z y\eyxlky êyl_odlh \b ^b lk\_lysbfbky kms_kl\Zfbkhklhysbfb ba q_]hlh \jh^_ \hehdhg k\_lZ dhlhju_ djmlylkyki_j_^b gZaZ^b ^Zxl\b^bfhklv ycpZ Hg kdZaZeqlh ]h\hjbe fg_ lZd`_qlh kZfhc ihjZabl_evghc q_jlhcycp_ih^h[guo kms_kl\[ue gZ[hjêbgguo \hehdhg k\_lZ\uoh^ysbo bajZchgZ imidZ >hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh wlb\hehdgZ bf_xlhq_gv [hevrh_ agZq_gb_ \ `bagb q_eh\_dZWlb \hehdgZ [ueb k_dj_lhf jZ\gh\_kby ^hgZO_gZjhb _]hmjhd g_bf_e gbq_]hh[s_]h k Zdjh[Zlbq_kdbf iju`dhfq_j_a \h^hiZ^?]h ihdZa jZ\gh\_kby khklhye \ lhfdZd hgbkihevah\Ze wlb smiZevp_ih^h[gu_ gblb >hg OmZg ij_djZlbe jZa]h\hj gZ wlm l_fm lZd `_ \g_aZighdZd hg _]h gZqZeb klZe ]h\hjblv h q_flh kh\_jr_ggh ^jm]hf hdly[jy ] Y aZ]gZe^hgZ OmZgZ\ m]heb kdZaZeqlh y bglmblb\gh qm\kl\mxqlh gbdh]^Z[hevr_ fg_g_ ^Z^mlmjhdZ jZ\gh\_kby b qlhhg ^he`_gh[tykgblv fg_\k_ kdjulu_^_lZebdhlhju_\ ijhlb\ghf kemqZ_y gbdh]^Zg_ kfh]mhldjulv kZf>hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh y ijZ\\ lhfqlh ^hgO_gZjh g_ klZg_l fg_ ^Z\Zlv ^jm]h]hmjhdZ jZ\gh\_kby Qlh _s_ohq_rv luagZlv"kijhkbe hg Qlh wlhaZ smiZevp_h[jZagu_gblb^hg OmZg" Wlh smiZevpZdhlhju_ \uoh^ylba l_eZ q_eh\_dZ b dhlhju_ hq_\b^gu êy ex[h]h fZ]Zdhlhjuc fh`_l \b ^ _l vFZ]b ^_ckl\mxl\ hlghr_gbbex^_c kh]eZkghlhfm dZd hgb \b ^y l bosmiZevpZKeZ[u_ ex^bbf_xl hq_gv dhjhldb_ihqlb g_aZf_lgu_ smiZevpZkbevgu_ ex^b bf_xl smiZevpZ êbggu_b yjdb_M O_gZjhgZijbf_jhgb gZklhevdh yjdb_qlh dZ`mlkyl\_jûfbIh wlbfgblyf fh`gh kdZaZlv a^hjh\ eb q_eh\_d bebhg [he_gaehc hgbeb ^h[jucbeb ij_^Zl_evIh wlbf gblyffh`gh kdZaZlv lZd`_fh`_l eb q_eh\_d \b ^_ lv H^gZdha^_kv \klZ_l ljm^gZy ijh[e_fZDh]^Z O_gZjh m\ b^ _e l_[ylh hg magZe kh\_jr_ggh lZd`_dZd bfhc ^jm]<bk_glqlh lu fh`_rv \ b^ _l vdh]^Z y \b `m l_[ylh y \b `m qlh lufh`_rv \b ^_ lv b \lh `_\j_fy yagZx kZf qlh lu wlh]h g_ fh`_rvDZd h[fZgqb\hO_gZjh g_ fh] ij_h^he_lv wlh]hY ]h\hjbe_fmqlh lukljZgguc ^mjZdY ^mfZxqlh hgohl_e kZfwlh m\b^_lvb ihwlhfm\aye l_[y gZ \h^hiZ^ Ihq_fm lukqblZ_rvqlh yijhba\h`m \i_qZle_gb_qlh fh]m \b ^_ lv " >hg OmZg g_hl\_lbe fg_Hg ^he]hfheqZeY g_ ohl_e gbq_]h [hevr_m g_]hkijZrb\ZlvGZdhg_phg aZ]h\hjbehg kdZaZeqlh hg agZ_lihq_fmgh g_ agZ_ldZd wlh h[tykgblv Lu kqblZ_rvqlh \k_\ fbj_e_]dh ihgylvdZaZe hg Ihlhfm qlh \k_qlh lu^_eZ_rv wlh jmlbgZdhlhjmx ihgylv e_]dhM \h^hiZ^Zdh]^Z lukfhlj_e gZlhdZd O_gZjh ^\b`_lky q_j_a\h^mlu kqblZeqlh hgfZkl_j kZevlhfhjlZe_ ihlhfm qlh kZevlhfhjlZe_ wlh [ueh\k_h q_f lu fh] ^mfZlvB lu \k_]^Z[m^_rv kqblZlvqlh wlh\k_qlh hg ^_eZeH^gZdhO_gZjh kh\k_fg_ iju]Zeq_j_a \h^m?keb [u hg iju]gmelh hg[u ih]b[O_gZjh mjZ\gh\_rb\Ze k_[y gZ k\hbo kh\_jr_gguo yjdbo gblyoHg ^_eZe bo êbggufb êbggufb gklhevdhqlh hgfh]kdZ`_fi_j_dZlblvky ih gbf q_j_a \h^hiZ^Hg ^_fhgkljbjh\Ze\_jguc kihkh[dZd ^_eZlv wlb smiZevpZêbggufb bdZd bfbk lhqghklvxfZgbimebjh\Zlv IZ[eblh \b ^_ e ihqlb\k_ ^\b`_gbyO_gZjhG_klhjk ^jm]hc klhjhgu\ b^ _e lhevdhkZfu_ hq_\b^gu_fZg_\ju Hg mimklbe f_edb_^_lZebGh lulu kh\_jr_ggh gbq_]h g_ \ b^ _e Fh`_l [ulv_keb [ulu^hg OmZgkdZaZe fg_aZjZg__ gZ qlhkfhlj_lv Hg ij_j\Zef_gy bkdZaZeqlh wlhlhevdh f_rZeh[u ^hgm O_gZjh_keb [uhg klZe^Z\Zlv fg_bgkljmdpbb?keb [u y agZeqlh bf_ggh ^he`ghijhbahclblh fhb gblb [ueb [u \ha[m`^_gu b\aZbfh^_ckl\h\Zeb [uk gblyfb^hgZ O_gZjh ?keb [ulu fh] \b ^_ lv kdZaZe hglh l_[_ [ueh[u ykghm`_ ki_j\h]h `_rZ]Zk^_eZggh]h O_gZjh qlh hg g_ ihkdZevau\Zekydh]^Z \a[bjZeky d \_jrbg_ \h^hiZ^ZHg hkeZ[eyek\hb smiZevpZ>\Z`û hgho\Zlu\Ze bfb dZfgb bih\bkZe gZ]hehc kdZe_dZd fmoZDh]^Z hgih^gyeky gZ \_jrbgmb [ue]hlh\ i_j_k_qv\h^mhg knhdmkbjh\Zebo gZ g_[hevrhf dZfg_ gZk_j_^bg_ ihlhdZb dh]^Zhgb [ueb lZf gZ^_`gh aZdj_ie_guhg iha\hebe smiZevpZf i_j_[jhkblv i_j_lZsblv ju\dhf_]h lm^ZO_gZjh \h\k_ g_ iju]Ze b ihwlhfm fh] ijba_feylvkygZ kdhevadmx ih\_joghklv kh\k_f fZe_gvdbo dZfg_c gZ kZfhfdjZx \h^hiZ^Z?]h gblb [ueb ihklhyggh lsZl_evghh[_jgmlu \hdjm]dZ`^h]h dZfgydhlhjuc hg bkihevah\Ze Hg g_ klhyehq_gv ^he]hgZ i_j\hfdZfg_ihlhfm qlh hklZevgu_ _]h gblb [uebaZdj_ie_gu aZ^jm]hc_s_ [he__ fZe_gvdbc dZf_gv\ lhff_kl_]^_ gZihj\hû [uegZb[hevrbf ?]h smiZevpZi_j_lZsbeb _]h\gh\vb hgijba_febeky gZg_]h Wlh [ueZ kZfZy \u^ZxsZyky \_svdhlhjmx hg k^_eZe Ih\_joghklv dZfgy [ueZkebrdhf fZe_gvdhcêy lh]hqlh[u q_eh\_d fh] gZg_f klhylvb gZihj\hû k[jhkbe[u _]h \ ijhiZklv_keb [uhg g_hklZ\be qZklvk\hbo gbl_cgZ i_j\hf dZfg_ < wlhf\lhjhf iheh`_gbbhg klhye^he]h_ \j_fyihlhfm qlh _fmgm`gh [uehhiylv \ulygmlvk\hb smiZevpZb ihkeZlvbo gZ ^jm]mx klhjhgm\h^hiZ^ZDh]^Z hgaZdj_ibe bolZf_fm gm`gh [uehhk\h[h^blv gblbaZdj_ie_ggu_ gZi_j\hf dZfg_ Wlh [uehhq_gv obljhIh`Zemclhevdh h^bgO_gZjh fh] k^_eZlv wlhHg qmlvg_ ihl_jyek\hx o\Zldmbeb fh`_lhg ijhklh ^mjZqbe gZkfu wlh]hgbdh]^Z gZ\_jgydZg_ magZ_f Ebqgh y ^_ckl\bl_evgh^mfZxqlh hgqmlv g_ ihl_jye k\hx o\ZldmY agZxwlh ihlhfmqlh hggZijy]ky b\u[jhkbe q_j_a \h^m \_ebdhe_iguc imqhdih^h[guc emqm ijh`_dlhjZY qm\kl\mxqlh h^bgebrv wlhlimqhd fh]i_j_lygmlv _]h gZ ^jm]mx klhjhgmDh]^Z hghdZaZeky gZ^jm]hc klhjhg_hg \klZe b^Ze k\hbfgblyf kbylvdZd fgh`_kl\hh]g_cWlh hg k^_eZe ki_pbZevgh êy l_[y?keb [u lu [ue kihkh[_g \ b^ _l vlh wlhlu [u m\ b^ _e O_gZjh klhyelZf]ey^y gZl_[y blh]^Z magZeqlh lu g_ \b ^_ e Q Zk lv A Z^ Zq Z \l hj Zy \ b^ _g vy >hgZ OmZgZ g_ [ueh^hfZdh]^Z yijb_oZe d g_fm \ ihe^_gv ghy[jy ]h^ZY g_bf_e ij_^klZ\e_gby]^_ _]h bkdZlvihwlhfm ykb^_e b`^ZeIh dZdhclh g_ba\_klghcfg_ ijbqbg_ yagZeqlh hgkdhjh \_jg_lkyG_fgh]h ih]h^y^hg OmZg \hr_e\ ^hfHg db\gmefg_Fu h[f_gyebkvijb\_lkl\by fbHgdZaZehkvmklZe be_] gZpbgh\dmHg iZjm jZa a_\gme B^_y \b ^_ gv y klZeZ êy f_gy dZfg_f ij_ldgh\_gbyb y j_rbe \hkihevah\Zlvky hiylv _]h ]Zeexpbgh]_gghc dmjbl_evghc kf_kvxK^_eZlv lZdh_ j_r_gb_ [ueh m`Zkghljm^ghihwlhfm yohl_e _s_g_fgh]h h[]h\hjblv wlhl \hijhk Y ohqmmqblvky \b ^_ lv ^hg OmZgkdZaZe y Gh y^_ckl\bl_evgh g_ohqm gbq_]hijbgbfZlvY g_ ohqm dmjblv l\hxkf_kvDZd lu^mfZ_rv_klv ebdZdhcgb[m^v rZgk êy f_gygZmqblvky \b ^_ lv [_awlh]h Hg k_ek_dmg^m ijbklZevghkfhlj_e gZf_gyZ aZl_fe_] hiylv G_lkdZaZe hgl_[_ ijb^_lky \hkihevah\Zlvky ûfdhf Gh lu]h\hjbeqlh y[ue gZ]jZgb \b ^_ gv y m ^hgZ O_gZjh Y ohl_ekdZaZlvqlh qlhlh \l_[_ k\_lbehkvdZd [m^lh lu^_ckl\bl_^vgh hkhagZ\Zelhqlh ^_eZ_lO_gZjhgh lu ijhklh kfhlj_e< l_[_hq_\b^gh_klv qlhlhqlh gZihfbgZ_l \b ^_ gv _gh g_y\ey_lky bfLu gZ[bl^h djZ_\b lhevdhûfhd fh`_lihfhqv l_[_ Gh aZq_fgm`gh dmjblv"Ihq_fm g_evayijhklh gZmqblvky \ b^ _l v kZfhfm"M f_gyhq_gv kbevgh_`_eZgb_jZa\_ wlh]h g_^hklZlhqgh" G_lwlh]h g_^hklZlhqgh< b^ _g v_ g_ lZd ijhklhb lhevdhdmj_gb_ fh`_l^Zlv l_[_kdhjhklvdhlhjZy g_h[oh^bfZ êylh]hqlh[u meh\blvhl[e_kd lh]h mkdhevaZx s_]h fbjZBgZq_ lu[m^_rv lhevdh kf hl j_ lv Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m ih^mkdhevaZxsbf fbjhf" Fbjdh]^Z lu \b ^b rv g_ lZdh\dZdbf lu ij_^klZ\ey_rv _]h k_[_k_cqZkWlhkdhj__mkdhevaZxsbc fbjdhlhjuc ^\b`_lky b baf_gy_lkyFh`_l [ulvfh`gh gZmqblvky kZfhfm \hkijbgbfZlv wlhlmkdhevaZxsbc fbjgh ^h[jZ ba wlh]hg_ \uc^_lihlhfm qlhl_eh jZajmrZ_lky hl klj_kkZK ^jm]hcklhjhguk dmj_gb_fgbdh]^Z g_ kljZ^Z_rv hl mlhfe_gbyDmj_gb_ ^Z_lg_h[oh^bfmx kdhjhklvêy lh]h qlh[u ihcfZlv mkdhevaZxs__^\b`_gb_ fbjZb \lh `_ \j_fy hgh khojZgy_ll_eh b_]h kbeug_aZljhgmlufb OhjhrhkdZaZe y^jZfZlbq_kdbY g_ohqm [hevr_ oh^blv \hdjm]^Z hdhehY [m^mdmjblv Hg jZkkf_yekygZ^ fhbfijhy\e_gb_f wfhpbc <u[jhkb wlh ba]heh\ukdZaZe hgLu \k_]^Z o\ZlZ_rvky g_aZ lhaZ qlhke_^m_lL_i_jv lukqblZ_rvqlh ijhklh_ j_r_gb_iha\heblv ûfdm\_klb k_[yfh`_l ^Zlv l_[_ \ b^ _g v_ Gm`gh _s_fgh]h_>ey q_]hm]h^gh \k_]^Z gm`gh _s_fgh]h_ GZ k_dmg^mhg klZek_jv_aguf Y [uek lh[hchq_gv hklhjh`_gb fhbihklmidb [ueb h[^mfZggukdZaZe hgihlhfm qlhf_kdZeblh aZohl_eqlh[ lu magZefh_ agZgb_Gh yagZxqlh mf_gy g_[m^_l \j_f_gb qlh[u gZmqblv l_[y\k_fmqlh yohqmM f_gy [m^_l \j_fy lhevdh gZlhqlh[u ihklZ\blvl_[y gZ^hjh]m b\_jblvqlh lu [m^_rvbkdZlv lZd`_dZd bkdZey kZfY ^he`_gijbagZlv qlh lu[he__ mijyfb f_g__\hkijbbfqb\q_f y< lh`_ \j_fy lu bf__rvbgu_ \a]eyûb lhdZdh_ gZijZ\e_gb_ijbf_l l\hy `bagv \_svdhlhjmx yg_ fh]mij_^\b^_lv ?]h jZkkm^bl_evguclhg ]hehkZqlhlh \_]h ih\_^_gbb \ua\Zeh \hfg_ klZjh_qm\kl\hkf_kv kljZoZh^bghq_kl\Z b h`b^Zgby Kdhjh fu magZ_f]^_ lu klhbrvkdZaZe hg aZ]Z^hqgh ;hevr_ hggbq_]h g_kdZaZeG_fgh]h ih]h^yhg \ur_eba ^hfZY \ur_e ke_^hfb klhyei_j_^ gbfg_ agZylh eb k_klvlh ebjZkiZdh\Zlv k\_jldbdhlhju_ yijb\_a _fm Wlh [m^_l hiZkgh"kijhkbe y ijhklhqlh[u qlhgb[m^v kdZaZlv <k_ hiZkghkdZaZe hg >hg OmZg\b^bfhg_ [ue jZkiheh`_g ]h\hjblv fg_ qlhgb[m^v _s_Hg kh[jZedZdb_lh fZe_gvdb_maeue_`Z\rb_ \ m]emb keh`bebo \k_ldmY g_ij_êZ]Ze _fm ihfhsv ihlhfm qlhagZe_keb hgZ_fm ihgZ^h[blkylh hgihijhkbl h[ wlhfIhlhf hg e_]gZ khehf_ggmxpbgh\dmHg \_e_e fg_ jZkkeZ[blvky bhl^hogmlvY e_]gZ k\hxpbgh\dm bihiulZeky aZkgmlvgh yg_ [uemklZeufIj_û^ms_c ghqvxy hklZgh\beky \ fhl_e_b ijhkiZe^h ihem^gyagZyqlh ^h^hfZ ^hgZOmZgZ fg_ _oZlv\k_]h ljbqZkZ Hg lh`_g_ kiZeOhly _]h]eZaZ [uebaZdjuluy aZf_lbe ihqlb g_meh\bfu_ jblfbq_kdb_ ^\b`_gby _]h ]heh\uFg_ ih^mfZehkvqlh hgih`Zemcih_l ijhk_[y Ih_^bf qlhgb[m^v\g_aZigh kdZaZe^hg OmZgb _]h ]hehk aZklZ\bef_gy ih^kdhqblvL_[_ ihgZ^h[blky\ky l\hy wg_j]byLu ^he`_g[ulv \ohjhr_c nhjf_ Hg ijb]hlh\bekmigh yg_ [ue]heh^_g GZ ke_^mxsbc ^_gvghy[jy^hg OmZg iha\hebe fg_ kt_klv ebrvdjhrdm ibsbb \_e_ehlûoZlvY e_`Ze\k_ mljh gh jZkkeZ[blvkyg_ fh]Y g_bf_e ij_^klZ\e_gbyqlh m^hgZ OmZgZ gZ mf_gh qlhom`_ \k_]hy g_[ue m\_j_gb \ lhf qlh gZmf_ mf_gy kZfh]h Hdheh lj_oqZkh\ ^gyfu kb^_ebih^ _]hjZfZ^hcY [ue hq_gv ]heh^_gG_kdhevdh jZay ij_êZ]Zeqlh[u fuih_ebgh hg hldZau\Zeky Lu g_]hlh\be kf_kvm`_ ljb]h^Z\g_aZigh kdZaZe hgl_[_ ijb^_lkydmjblv fhxkf_kvihwlhfm [m^_fkqblZlv qlh y kh[jZe __ êyl_[yL_[_ ihgZ^h[blky __ kh\k_f g_fgh]hY h^bgjZa gZ[vxljm[dmLu \kx__ \udmjbrvb aZl_f hl^hog_rvIhlhf ijb^_lojZgbl_ev ^jm]h]hfbjZLu g_[m^_rv gbq_]h ^_eZlvlhevdh gZ[ex^ZlvaZ gbfGZ[ex^ZcdZd hg ^\b]Z_lkygZ[ex^Zc aZ\k_fqlh hg^_eZ_lL\hy `bagvfh`_l aZ\bk_lv hllh]hgZkdhevdh ohjhrhlu ke_^brv >hg OmZglZd \g_aZighij_j\Ze k\hbbgkljmdpbbqlh yg_ agZeqlh kdZaZlv b^Z`_ qlhih^mfZlvDZdh_lh \j_fy y [hjfhlZe qlhlh g_jZa[hjqb\h_Y g_fh] ijb\_klb\ ihjy^hd k\hb fukebGZdhg_py kijhkbei_j\h_qlh ijbreh fg_ \ ]heh\m Dlh lZdhcklhjh`" Lu m\ b^ br v _]hkdZaZe hgHg hojZgy_l ^jm]hc fbj DZdhc fbj"Fbj f_jl\uo" Wlh g_ fbjf_jl\uo bg_ fbjq_]hgb[m^v _s_Wlh ijhklh ^jm]hc fbjG_l ihevau]h\hjblv l_[_h[ wlhfLu m\b^brv wlhkZfK wlbf^hg OmZgihr_e \^hfY ihke_^h\Ze aZ gbf\ _]hdhfgZlm Ih^h`^bih^h`^b^hg OmZgQlh lu kh[bjZ_rvky ^_eZlv" Hg g_hl\_qZeHg \ulZsbeba f_rhqdZk\hx ljm[dmb k_e gZ khehf_ggucfZl \p_glj_ dhfgZlubgd\bablhjkdb ]ey^y gZ f_gyDZaZehkvhg `^Zefh_]h kh]eZkby Lu ^mjZdkdZaZe hgfy]dhLu g_ [hbrvkyLu ijhklh ]h\hjbrvk_[_qlh lu[hbrvky Hg f_ê_ggh ihdZqZe]heh\hc k[hdm gZ[hdAZl_f hg ^hklZe g_[hevrhc f_rhq_d k dmjbl_evghc kf_kvx b gZ[be ljm[dm Y [hxkv^hg OmZgY ^_ckl\bl_evgh[hxkv G_lwlh g_kljZo Y hlqZyggh klZjZeky \ub]jZlv\j_fy b gZqZe êbggh_ h[km`^_gb_ ijbjhûfhbo qm\kl\ Y bkdj_gg_kqblZeqlh [hxkvgh hgmdZaZe fg_gZ lh qlh ûoZgb_ fh_ g_ ij_ju\bklhb k_j^p_ fh_ [v_lky g_ [uklj__q_f h[uqgh Y g_fgh]hih^mfZe hlhfqlh hgkdZaZeHg hrb[Zekym f_gy [ueh fgh]hnbabq_kdbo baf_g_gbch[uqgh k\yaZgguo kh kljZohfb y[ue \hlqZygvbQm\kl\h gZ^\b]Zxs_]hky jhdZ hdjZkbeh \k_\hdjm] f_gy@_em^hd fhc[ue g_kihdh_gb y[ue m\_j_gqlh ih[e_^g_eeZ^hgb fhbkbevgh \kihl_ebbl_f g_ f_g__y ^_ckl\bl_evgh^mfZeqlh y[hxkv M f_gyg_ [uehlh]h qm\kl\ZkljZoZd dhlhjhfmy ijb\ud aZ k\hx `bagvKljZodhlhjuc \k_]^Z[ue g_jZaju\gh fhbf hlkmlkl\h\ZeY jZa]h\Zjb\ZerZ]Zy \aZ^b \i_j_îh dhfgZl_ i_j_^ ^hghfOmZghfdhlhjuc \k__s_ kb^_egZ k\h_cpbgh\d_ ^_j`Z k\hxljm[dm bbgd\bablhjkdb gZf_gy ]ey^y GZdhg_pjZkkfhlj_\ \k_wlhy ijbr_ed aZdexq_gbxqlh lhqlh yqm\kl\h\Ze \f_klhh[uqgh]h kljZoZ[ueh ]em[hdh_ qm\kl\h g_m^h\hevkl\byijb h^ghclhevdh fukebh lhfkf_r_gbb ihgylbcdhlhjh_ kha^Z_lky ijb ijbgylbb ]Zeexpbgh]_gguo jZkl_gbc >hg OmZg ijbklZevgh kfhlj_egZ f_gy\ wlhl fhf_gl aZl_f hg \a]eygmeihaZ^b f_gyijbsmjb\rbkvdZd [m^lh hg klZjZ_lky h[gZjm`blvqlhlh gZjZkklhygbb Y ijh^he`Zeoh^blv \aZ^b \i_j_î_j_^ gbf^h l_oihj ihdZ hg l\_j^hg_ kdZaZefg_qlh[u yk_e b jZkkeZ[beky G_kdhevdh fbgmlfu lbohkb^_eb Lu g_ ohq_rvihl_jylv k\hxykghklv"kdZaZe hg \g_aZigh >Z^hg OmZghl\_lbe y Hg aZkf_yekyk y\gufm^h\hevkl\b_f Ykghklv\lhjhc \jZ]q_eh\_dZ agZgbygZibkZgZ gZ l_[_Lu g_[hbrvkykdZaZe hgm[_`^_gghgh l_i_jv lu g_ ohq_rv ihl_jylv k\hxykghklvb lZddZd lu ^mjZdlu gZau\Z_rv wlhkljZohf Hg ^h\hevghaZkf_yeky Ijbg_kb fg_m]ebijbdZaZe hg ?]h lhg [uefy]dbf bmkihdZb\ZxsbfY Z\lhfZlbq_kdb \klZe b \ur_e aZ ^hfqlh[u kh[jZlv g_[hevrb_ dmkhqdb ]hjys_]h m]ey hl dhkljZiheh`be bogZ fZe_gvdmx iebldm dZfgy b\_jgmeky \dhfgZlm <uoh^b gZdjuevph]jhfdh iha\Ze^hg OmZgkgZjm`b Hg iheh`bekhehf_ggmx ih^klbedmgZ f_klh]^_ yh[uqgh kb^_eY iheh`bem]eb jy^hfk gbfb hgih^me gZgboqlh[u jZa\_klb h]hgvY kh[bjZekyk_klvgh hghklZgh\be f_gy b \_e_e fg_ k_klvgZ djZcpbgh\dbAZl_f hgiheh`be dmkhq_d m]ey \ ljm[dm b\jmqbe __fg_Y \aye__Y [ue m^b\e_g lbohc m[_^bl_evghklvxk dhlhjhc^hg OmZgmijZ\eye fghcY g_ fh]ijb^mfZlvqlh kdZaZlvM f_gyg_ [uehZj]mf_glh\Y [ue m[_`^_gqlh g_[hxkvgh lhevdhg_ijhba\hevghihl_jylv k\hx ykghklv >mc^mcijbdZaZe hgfg_ kihdhcghlhevdh h^gZ qZrdZ Y ihlygmeljm[dm bmkeurZe rmjrZgb_kf_kbaZgbfZ\r_cky h]g_fY ihqm\kl\h\Zef]gh\_ggh oheh^\h jlmb \ghkmDh]^Z y k^_eZe ihke_^gxx aZly`dmy ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh \ky \gmlj_gghklv fh_]h l_eZ [ueZ ihdjulZ hkh[uf hsms_gb_f oheh^gh]h l_ieZ >hg OmZg \aye m f_gyljm[dm b ihklmqZe qZrdhc ih eZ^hgbqlh[u \u[blvhklZlhdAZl_fdZd hg^_eZe \k_]^Zhg kfhqbe k\hciZe_p kexghcb ijhl_jbf \gmljbqZrdb Fh_ l_eh hg_f_ehgh y fh] ^\b]ZlvkyY baf_gbe iheh`_gb_qlh[u k_klv[he__ m^h[gh Qlh ^he`ghkemqblvky"kijhkbe y Fg_ [uehg_kdhevdh ljm^gh]h\hjblv >hg OmZg hq_gv [_j_`ghm[jZe k\hxljm[dm \ q_ohe b aZ\_jgme _]h \êbgguc dmkhdldZgbAZl_f hg \klZe ijyfh ijhlb\ f_gyY ihqm\kl\h\Ze ]heh\hdjm`_gb_fhb ]eZaZ g_ijhba\hevgh aZdjuebkv>hg OmZgwg_j]bqgh \kljyogmef_gy b ijbdZaZe fg_g_ kiZlvHg kdZaZeqlh yagZx hq_gv ohjhrh qlh _keby mkgmlh ymfjmWlh \kljyogmehf_gyFg_ ijbreh \ ]heh\mqlh ^hgOmZg ]h\hjbefg_ wlhfh`_l [ulvqlh[u khojZgblv f_gyijh[m`^_ggufghk ^jm]hcklhjhgufg_ lZd`_ ijbreh \ ]heh\mqlh hgfh] [ulvijZ\Y dZd fh`gh rbj_ jZkdjue k\hb]eZaZb wlhaZklZ\beh ^hgZOmZgZ jZkkf_ylvky Hg kdZaZeqlh y^he`_g `^Zlvb g_aZdju\Zlv ]eZa\k_ \j_fy b qlh \ hij_^_e_gguc fhf_gly kfh]m m\b^_lv ojZgbl_ey ^jm]h]h fbjZ Y ihqm\kl\h\Zehq_gv g_ijbylguc`Zj \h\k_f fh_fl_e_ y ihiulZeky baf_gblviheh`_gb_gh yg_ fh]k^\bgmlvkyY ohl_e h[jZlblvkyd ^hgmOmZgmgh keh\ZdZaZehkv[ueb lZd ]em[hdh \gmljbf_gyqlh yg_ fh]\ulygmlv boLh]^Z ymiZe gZ e_\mxklhjhgm bh[gZjm`be k_[ykfhljysbf gZ^hgZ OmZgZk iheZ Hg gZdehgbeky bijbdZaZe fg_r_ihlhf g_ kfhlj_lv gZ g_]hZ ijbklZevghkfhlj_lv \lhqdm gZpbgh\d_dhlhjZy [ueZ ijyfh ijhlb\ fhbo]eZaHg kdZaZeqlh y ^he`_g kfhlj_lv h^gbf ]eZahfe_\ufb qlhjZgh bebiha^gh y m\ b` m ojZgbl_ey Y gZijZ\be ijbklZevguc \a]ey^gZ lhqdmdhlhjmx hg mdZaZegh gbq_]hg_ \b^_e< g_dhlhjucfhf_glh^gZdhy aZf_lbe fhrdme_lZ\rmx i_j_^fhbfb ]eZaZfbHgZ k_eZ gZ pbgh\dmY ke_^beaZ __^\b`_gbyfbHgZ ijb[ebabeZkv hq_gv [ebadh dh fg_lZd [ebadhqlh fh_ ajbl_evgh_ hsms_gb_ aZlmfZgbehkvB aZl_f\g_aZighy ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh y dZd [u ih^gyekyWlh [uehhq_gv k[b\Zxs__k lhedm hsms_gb_ b aZkem`b\Zeh g_dhlhjh]h h[tykg_gbygh êywlh]h g_ [ueh \j_f_gbM f_gy [uehihegh_ hsms_gb_qlh y \b^_e ijyfh \i_j_^ hl fh_]hh[uqgh]h mjh\gy]eZab lhqlh y m\b^_e ihljykeh \k_ nb[ju fh_]h kms_kl\ZG_l kihkh[Zqlh[u hibkZlv wfhpbhgZevguc lheqhddhlhjuc y i_j_`beIjyfh i_j_^h fghc [ueh ]b]Zglkdh_qm^h\bsgh_ `b\hlgh_ >_ckl\bl_evgh qm^h\bsgZy \_svGbdh]^Z \ kZfuo ^bdbo nZglZabyo m f_gyg_ [uehklhedgh\_gbc gbk q_fih^h[guf wlhfmY kfhlj_e gZg_]h \kh\_jr_gghfdjZcg_f aZf_rZ l_evkl\_ I_j\hc \_svxdhlhjmx y^_ckl\bl_evgh aZf_lbe[ue _]h jZaf_jY ih^mfZeih dZdhclh ijbqbg_qlh hgh^he`gh [ulv [ueh hdhehklZ nmlh\\ukhlhcHghdZaZehkvklhyeh ijyfh ohly yg_ fh]ihgylvdZd hghklhyehAZl_f yaZf_lbeqlh hgh bf_ehdjuevy^\Z dhjhldborbjhdbo djueZ< wlhff_kl_ y klZe khagZ\Zlvqlh ygZklhcqb\h jZkkfZljb\Zx `b\hlgh_ dZd [m^lhhgh [uehh[uqgh]h \b^Zlh _klvy kfhlj_egZ g_]h H^gZdhy g_fh] \^_ckl\bl_evghklb kfhlj_lvgZ g_]himl_f dZdbf yijb\ud kfhlj_lvY ihgyeqlh ykdhj__aZf_qZe _]h ih qZklyfdZd [m^lhdZjlbgZ klZgh\beZkv[he__ ykghcdh]^Z ^h[Z\eyebkv qZklb?]h l_eh[ueh ihdjulh imqdZfb q_jguo \hehkM g_]h[ueh êbggh_juehdhlhjh_ khqbehkv?]h ]eZaZ [ueb \uimdeu_b djm]eu_ih^h[gh ^\mfh]jhfguf [_eufrZjZf AZl_f hghgZqZeh fZoZlvdjuevyfbWlh [uehg_ ^\b`_gb_ djuev_\dZd milbpZ lj_i_lZgb_\b[jZpbyHgh gZ[jZeh kdhjhklv bgZqZeh djm`blvkyi_j_^h fghcwlh [ueg_ ihe_l Zkdhj__lhjfh`_gb_ k ihjZabl_evghc kdhjhklvx b ijh\hjkl\hf\k_]h \g_kdhevdbo ^xcfZogZ^ a_fe_c< wlhl fhf_gl y h[gZjm`be k_[yih]ehs_gguf \gZ[ex^_gb_ aZ _]h ^\b`_gb_fY ih^mfZeqlh _]h^\b`_gby [ueb[_ah[jZagugh h^gZdh_]h kdhjhklvb e_]dhklv[ueb \_ebdhe_igu Hgh ihdjm`behkv ^\Z`ûi_j_^h fghc\b[jbjmy k\hbfb djuevyfbb \k_qlh khqbehkvba _]hjlZe_l_eh \h \k_o gZijZ\e_gbyoAZl_f hghhibkZeh djm]b aZkdhevabehijhqv k g_hibkm_fhc kdhjhklvxihdZ g_bkq_aeh ba\b^ZY ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e \gZijZ\e_gbb\ dhlhjhfhgh me_l_ehlZd dZdgbq_]h g_ [uehqlh yfh] [u^_eZlvM f_gy[ueh hq_gv kljZggh_ hsms_gb_ ly`_klbhsms_gb_ kms_kl\Zg_kihkh[gh]h kh[jZlv k\hb fukeb k\yaghY g_fh] k^\bgmlvkyY [ue dZd [m^lh ijbde__g df_klm AZl_f y m\b^_e\^Zeb g_qlhihoh`__ gZiylghkimkly f]gh\_gb_ ]jhfZ^guca\_jv kgh\Zdjm`beky gZiheghc kdhjhklb i_j_^h fghc?]h djuevy [ueb\k_ [eb`_b [eb`_ d fhbf ]eZaZfihdZ g_ ^hklb]ebf_gyY ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh _]h djuevy ^_ckl\b_levgh ^hklZeb f_gyhgb [ueb a^_kvY ijhgabl_evgh aZdjbqZe kh\k_c k\h_ckbehckh[jZ\ \ h^gh kZfu_ fmqbl_evgu_mkbebydhlhju_ ydh]^Zeb[h bf_e Ke_^mxs_c \_svxdhlhjmx yhkhagZe[ueh lhqlh y kb^_e gZk\h_c pbgh\d_b ^hgOmZg l_jfhc eh[Hg gZl_jfhb jmdb b gh]bebklvyfbaZl_f hghl\_e f_gyd dZgZ\_ ihaZ^b _]h ^hfZkgye kf_gy h^_`^mb iheghklvxhdmgme f_gy\ \h^m aZl_f \ulZsbef_gy bhdmgme f_gykgh\Z bkgh\Z Dh]^Z y e_`Ze\ f_edhcdZgZ\_^hg OmZg \ugbfZe fhx e_\mx gh]m \j_fy hl \j_f_gbb ihoehiu\Ze hklhjh`gh ih ih^hr\_Ihke_ wlh]hy qm\kl\h\Zes_dhlZgb_Hg aZf_lbewlh b kdZaZeqlh y[ue \ihjy^d_Y h^_ekyb fu\_jgmebkv \ _]h ^hfY kgh\Zk_e gZk\hc khehf_ggucfZl b ihiulZeky aZ]h\hjblvgh ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh g_fh] kdhgp_gljbjh\Zlvky gZ lhfqlh yohl_e kdZaZlvohly fhb fukeb [ueb hq_gv ykgufbY [ue m^b\e_gihgy\dZd fgh]h dhgp_gljZpbb g_h[oh^bfhqlh[u ]h\hjblvY lZd`_aZf_lbeqlh êy lh]h qlh[u kdZaZlv qlheb[hy hklZgZ\eb\Ze\a]ey^ gZ\_sZoM f_gy [ueh \i_qZle_gb_qlh yaZimlZeky hq_gv ]em[hdhb dh]^Z y ohl_e ]h\hjblvy ^he`_g [ue \kieulv ih^h[gh \h^heZamy ^he`_g [ueih^gylvkydZd [m^lh ijblygmluc k\hbfb keh\Zfb>\Z`û iulZekyhldZreylvky h[uqgufkihkh[hf Y fh] kdZaZlv lh]^Z \k_qlh yohl_egh y g_ fh]Y ij_îhqblZe hklZ\ZlvkygZ g_h[uqghfmjh\g_ lbrbgu]^_ yfh] lhevdh kfhlj_lvM f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hqlh yihklmqZeky \lh qlh ^hg OmZggZau\Ze \b^_gb_b wlhk^_eZeh f_gy hq_gv kqZkleb\uf Ihlhf ^hgOmZg ^Zefg_ kmib e_i_rdbb \_e_efg_ _klv Y fh]_klv [_adZdh]heb[h mkbebyb [_aihl_jb lh]hqlhy ^mfZe[ueh fh_c kbehc \b^_gbyY nhdmkbjh\Ze k\hc ijbklZevguc \a]ey^gZ \k_f\hdjm] f_gyY [uem[_`^_gqlh y fh] \b^_lv\k_bl_f g_f_g__\_kv fbj\u]ey^_e lZdbf `_gZkdhevdh yhp_gb\ZeY klZjZeky\b^_lv^h l_o ihj ihdZ g_ klZeh kh\_jr_ggh l_fghGZdhg_py i_j_klZe klZjZlvkye_] baZkgme Y ijhkgmekydh]^Z ^hgOmZg ihdju\Zef_gy h^_yehfM f_gy [he_eZ ]heh\Z blhrgbehIhlhf y ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y emqr_ bdj_idh aZkgme^h ke_^mxs_]h^gy Mljhf y [uekh[hc kgh\ZY g_l_ji_eb\h kijhkbe ^hgZ OmZgZ Qlh ijhbkoh^behkh fghc" >hg OmZgkdjhfgh aZkf_yeky Lu oh^bekfhlj_lv ojZgbl_eybdhg_qghlu gZr_e _]hkdZaZe hg Gh qlhwlh [ueh^hg OmZg" KljZòjZgbl_evqZkh\hc ^jm]h]hfbjZkdZaZe ^hg OmZg m[_^bl_evgh Y gZf_j_\Zeky jZkkdZaZlv _fm ih^jh[ghklb h[ wlhf aeh\_s_f b[_ah[jZaghf a\_j_gh hgg_ h[jZlbe\gbfZgby gZ fhx ihiuldmkdZaZ\qlh fh_i_j_`b\Zgb_ g_[ueh hkh[_gguf qlh ex[hcq_eh\_d fh]i_j_`blv wlh Y kdZaZe _fmqlh ojZgbl_ev\ua\Ze \hfg_ lZdhc rhd qlh y^_ckl\bl_evgh g_[ue _s_kihkh[_g ^mfZlvh[ wlhf >hg OmZg jZkkf_yeky b \ukf_yelhqlh hg gZau\Ze k\_jo^jZfZlbq_kdhc gZdehgghklvxfh_c gZlmju WlZ \_svq_f [uhgZ gb[ueZaZ^_eZ f_gykdZaZe ywlh [uehlZd j_ZevghdZd lub y Dhg_qghwlh [uehj_ZevghIjbqbgbeZ ebhgZ \Zf[hev beb g_l" Dh]^Z y \kihfbgZek\hb i_j_`b\Zgbyfh_ \ha[m`^_gb_ jhkeh>hg OmZg \_e_efg_ mkihdhblvkyAZl_f hg kijhkbe f_gy^_ckl\bl_evgh eby [hyeky_]hhg ih^q_jdgme keh\Z ^_ckl\bl_evgh Y [uehr_ehfe_gkdZaZe yGbdh]^Z \fh_c `bagbm f_gy g_[ueh i_j_`b\ZgbylZdh]h [eZ]h]h\_cgh]hkljZoZ ;jhkvkdZaZe hgkf_ykvL_[_ [ueh g_q_]h [hylvky Y deygmkvl_[_kdZaZe yf bkdj_gg_ckljZklvx qlh _keb[u yfh] ^\b]Zlvkyy m[_`Ze[u \bkl_jbd_ Hg gZr_efh_ ml\_j`^_gb_hq_gv aZ[Z\gufb aZohohlZe\h \k_ ]hjeh Qlh `_aZklZ\beh f_gy\b^_lv wlhqm^h\bs_^hg OmZg" Hg klZek_jv_aguf bijbklZevgh ihkfhlj_egZ f_gy Wlh [ue kljZ`kdZaZe hg_keb lu ohq_rv \ b^ _l vlu ^he`_gih[_^blv kljZ`Z Gh dZdy fh]mih[_^blv _]h^hg OmZg"Hg\hafh`gh klh nmlh\\ukhlhc >hg OmZgaZkf_yeky lZdkbevghqlh ke_auihl_deb ba_]h ]eZa Ihq_fm lug_ iha\hey_rvfg_ jZkkdZaZlvl_[_ h lhf qlh y \b^_elZdbf h[jZahf a^_kv g_ [ueh [u gbq_]h g_ihgylgh]h"kdZaZe y ?keb wlh ^_eZ_l l_[y kqZkleb\ufijh^he`Zc jZkkdZau\Zc fg_ Y jZkkdZaZe\k_qlh yfh] \kihfgblvgh wlhdZaZehkv g_ baf_gbeh_]h gZkljh_gby H^gZdh\ wlhfgbq_]h gh\h]hkdZaZe hgmeu[Zykv Gh dZd lu h`b^Z_rvqlh y kfh]m ih[_^blv \_sv ih^h[gmx wlhc"Q_f" Hg aZfheqZe b kh\_jr_ggh mkihdhbekyAZl_f hg ih\_jgmeky dhfg_ bkdZaZe Lu [hyeky\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb"L_[_ [ueh[hevghgh lu g_ [hyeky Hg hldbgmekygZ dZdb_lh maeub aZdbgmejmdb aZ]heh\m Y ih^mfZeqlh hghklZ\be wlhljZa]h\hj Lu agZ_rvkdZaZe hgg_h`b^Zgghkfhljy gZ djurm jZfZûdZ`ûc q_eh\_dfh`_l \b ^_ lv kljZ`ZKljZ` bgh]^Z y\ey_lkyg_dhlhjuf bagZk mkljZrZxsbfa\_j_f \ukhlhc ^h g_[ZLu kqZkleb\_pêy l_[yhg [uelhevdh klh nmlh\ \ukhlhcB \k_`_ _]hk_dj_l hq_gvijhkl Hg aZfheqZe gZ f]gh\_gb_b aZfmjeudZe f_dkbdZgkdmx i_k_gdm KljZ` ^jm]h]hfbjZ [uedhfZjkdZaZe hg f_ê_ggh dZd [m^lhbaf_jyy ^_ckl\b_k\hbo keh\ Ba\bgbl_ KljZ` ^jm]h]hfbjZ dhfZjih\lhjbe hglhk q_f lu\klj_lbeky \q_jZ[ue dhfZjb wlhlfZe_gvdbc dhfZj g_ ijhimklbll_[yihdZ lug_ ih[_^brv_]h < wlhlfhf_gl yg_ ohl_e\_jblv \lhqlh ]h\hjbe ^hg OmZgghijbihfgb\ ihihjy^dm k\hx\klj_qmy ^he`_g [ue kh]eZkblvkyqlh \ h^bg fhf_gly kfhlj_e gZ dhfZjZZ f]gh\_gb_ kimklyijhbahr_e \b^fbjZ`Zb ym\b^_e a\_jy Gh dZdfh] dhfZjih\j_^blv fg_^hg OmZg"kijhkbe y^_ckl\bl_evgh k[bluck lhedm Hg [ueg_ dhfZjhfdh]^Z ijbqbgyel_[_ [hevkdZaZe hghg [uekljZ`_f ^jm]h]hfbjZ<hafh`ghh^gZ`û lu kh[_j_rvky k fm`_kl\hfih[_^blv _]hG_ l_i_jvy ^mfZx l_i_jv hg êyl_[y klhnmlh\uc[jua]Zxsbc a\_jvGh g_q_]h ]h\hjblv h[wlhfKlhylv i_j_^gbf wlh g_ih^\b]ihwlhfm _keb luohq_rv agZlv[hevr_ h[wlhflu ^he`_ggZclb kljZ`Z kgh\Z >\Z ^gy kimklyghy[jyy kgh\Zdmjbe kf_kv ^hgZ OmZgZ Y ihijhkbe^hgZ OmZgZ^Zlv fg_ihdmjblv _s_jZaqlh[u gZclb kljZ`ZY ihijhkbe_]h g_kjZamZ ihke_ ^he]h]h jZafure_gbyFhy aZbgl_j_kh\ZgghklvkljZ`_f [ueZ gZfgh]h [hevr_ fh_]hkljZoZ bebg_m^h[kl\Z ihl_jylvk\hx ykghklv Ijhp_^mjZ [ueZ lZdhc `_>hg OmZggZ[be ljm[dmb dh]^Z ydhgqbe \k_kh^_j`bfh_hg \aye__ bkijylZe Wnn_dl [ue aZf_lgh f_ê_gg__Dh]^Z y ihqm\kl\h\Ze g_[hevrh_ ]heh\hdjm`_gb_^hg OmZgih^hr_e dhfg_ b\ay\ fhx ]heh\mjmdZfbihfh] fg_e_qv gZe_\uc [hdHg \_e_efg_ \ulygmlv gh]b bjZkkeZ[blvkyZ aZl_fihfh] fg_ ihklZ\blv fhx ijZ\mx jmdmi_j_^ kh[hcgZ mjh\g_fh_c ]jm^bHg lZd ih\_jgme fhxeZ^hgvqlh[u yhi_jky gZpbgh\dmb iha\hebe [u hl^hogmlvfh_fm l_emY gbq_]hg_ ^_eZeqlh[u ihfhqvbeb ihf_rZlv _fmlZd dZdy g_agZeqlh hgkh[bjZ_lky ^_eZlv Hg k_e gZijhlb\ f_gy b \_e_e fg_ gb gZ q_f g_ dhgp_gljbjh\ZlvkyHg kdZaZeqlh ojZgbl_evkh[bjZeky ijbclb b qlhy ^he`_gkfhlj_lv \hdjm]qlh[u m\ b^ _l v _]h Hg lZd`_ kdZaZe fg_ g_[j_`ghqlh kljZ` fh] ijbqbgblv [hevrmx [hevgh qlh[ue h^bgkihkh[ ij_^hl\jZlblvwlhHg kdZaZeqlh ^\Z^gy gZaZ^hg aZklZ\bef_gy kb^_lvihlhfm qlh hgkqblZeqlh wlh]hk f_gy^hklZlhqghHg mdZaZegZ fhx ijZ\mx jmdmb kdZaZeqlh hggZf_j_ggh ihklZ\be__ \ lZdh_ iheh`_gb_qlh[u yfh] ihevah\Zlvky_cdZd juqZ]hfqlh[u ijh^\b]Zlvkydm^Z [uy gbih`_eZe Dh \j_f_gbdh]^Z hgdhgqbe ]h\hjblvfg_ \k_wlhfh_ l_eh kh\k_f hg_f_ehY ohl_eh[jZlblv _]h\gbfZgb_ gZ lh qlh fg_[m^_l g_\hafh`ghijh^\b]Zlvkyihlhfm qlhy ihl_jye dhgljhev gZ^fhbfb fmkdmeZfbY iulZekyijhbag_klb keh\Zgh g_ fh]HgdZaZehkvij_^\b^_e wlhh^gZdhb h[tykgbeqlh \ky obljhklv [ueZ \`_eZgbbHg m[_`^Ze f_gy \kihfgblv \j_fyg_kdhevdh e_lgZaZ^dh]^Z y\i_j\u_ dmjbe]jb[u< wlhf kemqZ_y iZ^ZegZ a_fexb \kdZdb\ZegZ gh]bkgh\Z ijb ^_ckl\bb lh]hqlh hggZau\Ze \lh \j_fyfhbf `_eZgb_fy \u^mfu\Ze kZfHg kdZaZeqlh wlh [ue _^bgkl\_ggh \hafh`guc kihkh[\klZlv Lhqlh hg]h\hjbe[ueh [_kihe_aghêy f_gyihlhfm qlh y g_ihfgbeqlh y\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb^_eZe ij_`^_M f_gy [ueh\k_ih]ehsZxs__ qm\kl\h[_agZ^_`ghklbb y aZdjue ]eZaZ >hg OmZg ko\Zlbef_gy aZ\hehkuwg_j]bqgh \kljyogme fhx ]heh\mb ih\_ebl_evghijbdZaZe fg_g_ aZdju\Zlv]eZaZY g_ lhevdhhldjue ]eZaZgh k^_eZeqlhlhqlhy ^mfZe[ueh m^b\bl_evgufY ^_ckl\bl_evghkdZaZe Y g_agZxdZd y\klZ\Ze lh]^Z Y [ue kbevghm^b\e_gQlhlh hq_gvfhghlhggh_ [ueh \ jblf_ fh_]h]hehkZgh wlh[ue ^_ckl\bl_evghfhc ]hehkb l_f g_ f_g__y q_klgh\_jbeqlh yg_ fh] kdZaZlv wlh ihlhfm qlhfbgmlhc jZgvr_y g_[ue kihkh[_g]h\hjblv Y ihkfhlj_egZ ^hgZOmZgZHg hl\_jgmekyb aZkf_yeky Y g_]h\hjbe wlh]hkdZaZe y Y hiylvkbevgh m^b\bekyk\h_fm ]hehkmY ihqm\kl\h\Ze h[h^j_gb_=h\hjblv ijbwlbo mkeh\byoklZeh jZa\e_dZl_evguf ijhp_kkhfFg_ ohl_ehkv ihijhkblv^hgZ OmZgZqlh[u hg h[tykgbe fhc jZa]h\hjgh yh[gZjm`beqlh kgh\Z g_ [ue kihkh[_g ijhbag_klb gb_^bgh]h keh\ZY g_bklh]h klZjZeky \ukdZaZlv k\hbfukebgh [_kihe_aghY hldZaZekyhl wlh]hb \ wlhlfhf_glihqlb g_ijhba\hevghijhbag_k Dlh ]h\hjbldlh ]h\hjbl" Wlhl \hijhk lZd jZkkf_rbe ^hgZ OmZgZqlh hg ihîju]gme gZf_kl_ Hq_\b^ghy fh]\ukdZau\Zlv ijhklu_\_sb_keb y agZe lhqgh lhqlh yohl_e kdZaZlv Y eb]h\hjx"Y eb]h\hjx"kijhkbe y >hg OmZgkdZaZe fg_qlh _keby g_hklZgh\exkvlh hg mc^_l b hl^hog_lih^ jZfZ^Zb hklZ\blf_gy h^gh]h k fhbf ^mjZq_kl\hf Wlh g_^mjZq_kl\hkdZaZe y Y ]h\hjbehq_gv k_jv_aghFhb fukeb[ueb hq_gvykgufb fh_ l_ehh^gZdhhg_f_eh y g_qm\kl\h\Ze _]hY g_ aZûoZekylZd dZd y [ueh^gZ`û \ ijhrehf \ ih^h[guo mkeh\byofg_ [ueh m^h[ghihlhfm qlhy g_ fh] gbq_]h qm\kl\h\Zlvm f_gyg_ [uehdhgljhey gZ^khagZgb_fgh\k_ `_y fh] ]h\hjblvFg_ ijbreZfukevqlh _keb y fh]m ]h\hjblv\hafh`ghy fh]mb \klZlvdZd ]h\hjbe^hg OmZg <klZxkdZaZe yihZg]ebckdbb k f_jpZgb_f \ ]eZaZo\klZe>hg OmZgihdZqZe ]heh\hcg_^h\_jqb\h b\ur_e ba ^hfZ >hg OmZgiha\Ze yljb jZaZ Hg \_jgmeky Iheh`b f_gykdZaZe y Iheh`b k_[ykZfkdZaZe hgdZ`_lkylu ^_eZ_rv ijZ\bevgh Y kdZaZeeh`mkvb \g_aZighy ihl_jye dhfgZlm ba \b^ZY gbq_]hg_ \b^_eQ_j_a k_dmg^mdhfgZlZ b^hg OmZg ihy\bebkv hiylv \ ihe_fh_]h aj_gbyY ih^mfZeqlh y ^he`gh [ulve_`Ze ebphf\gbab hg\aye f_gyaZ \hehku b ih^gye fhx]heh\m KiZkb[hkdZaZe yhq_gv f_ê_ggh Ih`ZemcklZhl\_lbe hgih^jZ`Zy fg_b k^_j`b\Zy kf_o AZl_f hgijbg_k ebklvyb gZqZejZklbjZlv bfbfhb jmdbb gh]b Qlh lu^_eZ_rv"kijhkbe y Y jZklbjZxl_[ykdZaZe hgbfblbjmy fhx ly`_emx fhghlhgghklv Hg kh^jh]gmeky hlkf_oZ?]h ]eZaZ[ueb [e_klysbfb b hq_gv ^jm`_ex[gufbY ihgjZ\beky_fmY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh ^hg OmZg [ue khqm\kl\mxsbfq_klguf b^h\hevgufY g_ fh] kf_ylvky kgbfgh fg_[ueh ijbylgh>jm]h_ qm\kl\hjZ^hklb ho\Zlbeh f_gyb yaZkf_yekywlh [uelZdhc m`Zkguc a\md qlh ^hgOmZg ihiylbeky Y emqr_hl\_^m l_[yd dZgZ\_kdZaZe hgbeb lu m[v_rv k_[y^mjZq_kl\hf Hg ihklZ\be f_gy gZgh]b baZklZ\be ijh]meylvky ih dhfgZl_FZehihfZem y gZqZe ijboh^blv \ qm\kl\h ihqm\kl\h\Ze k\hbgh]bbgZdhg_p\k_ k\h_l_ehFhb mrb jZaju\Zebkv hl g_h[uqgh]h ^Z\e_gbyWlh [ueh ih^h[gh hsms_gbx jmdbbeb gh]bdhlhjZy [ueZaZkgm\r_cY qm\kl\h\Ze h]jhfgmx ly`_klv\ aZlued_b gZfZdmrd_ >hg OmZg ihlZsbe f_gy ddZgZ\_ ihaZ^b _]h ^hfZ b iheh`be f_gy lm^Z kh\_jr_ggh jZa^_lh]hOheh^gZy \h^Z mf_gvrbeZ ^Z\e_gb_[hevb ihkl_i_ggh\k_ ijhreh Y i_j_h^_eky \ ^hf_k_e b kgh\Z ihqm\kl\h\Ze hlqm`^_gghklvlh `_`_eZgb_ hklZ\ZlvkykihdhcgufH^gZdh gZ wlhl jZa yaZf_lbeqlh wlh[ueZ g_ ykghklv mfZ beb kihkh[ghklv dkhkj_^hlhq_gbxkdhj__wlh [ue\b^ f_eZgohebb beb nbabq_kdhcmklZehklbGZdhg_py aZkgme ghy[jy ] < wlh mljh ^hg OmZgb y ihreb gZ khk_^gb_ ohefu kh[bjZlv jZkl_gbyFu ijhrebhdheh r_klbfbev ihqj_a\uqZcgh g_jh\ghc f_klghklbY hq_gvmklZeFu k_eb hl^hogmlvih fh_c bgbpbZlb\_b hggZqZe jZa]h\hjkdZaZ\qlh hg^h\he_g fhbf ijh]j_kkhf Y agZxl_i_jvqlh wlh]h\hjbe ykdZaZe ygh lh]^Z yfh] ihdeyklvkyqlh wlh[ue dlhlh ^jm]hc Dhg_qghwlh [uelukdZaZe hg DZd `_kemqbehkvqlh yg_ fh]magZlv k_[y" Wlh ^_eZ_lûfhdFh`gh ]h\hjblvb g_aZf_lblv wlh]h beb fh`gh ijhclb lukyqbfbev bg_ aZf_lblv gbq_]hWlh aZ\bkbl hl lh]hdZd dlheb[h fh`_l ijbgbfZlv \_sb FZe_gvdbc ûfhd mkljZgy_l l_ehb ^Z_l k\h[h^mih^h[gh \_ljmemqr_q_f \_l_j\_l_j fh`_l[ulv hklZgh\e_gkdZehc kl_ghc beb]hjhcFZe_gvdbc ûfhd^_eZ_l q_eh\_dZk\h[h^guf dZd \ha^mo\hafh`gh^Z`_ k\h[h^g__\ha^moZ fh`_lg_ [ulv \ a_fe_ bhg fh`_lklZlv aZloeufgh kihfhsvx fZe_gvdh]h ûfdZ q_eh\_dg_ fh`_l[ulv hklZgh\e_gbeb aZi_jl Keh\Z ^hgOmZgZ \uk\h[h^bebkf_kv wcnhjbbb khfg_gbyY qm\kl\h\Ze ihljykZxs__[_kihdhckl\hhsms_gb_ g_hij_^_e_gghc \bgu Lh]^Z hgfh`_l ^_ckl\bl_evghk^_eZlv \k_wlb \_sb ^hg OmZg" : qlh^mfZ_rv lu"Lu ih^mfZ_rvkdhj__qlh y\ey_rvky g_ghjfZevgufbeb g_l"kdZaZe hgya\bl_evgh >ey l_[ye_]dh ijbgbfZlv\k_ wlb\_sb>ey f_gy wlh g_\hafh`gh Fg_ wlhg_e_]dhM f_gyg_ [hevr_ijb\be_]bcq_f m l_[yWlb \_sb jZ\ghljm^gu êyl_[y bêy f_gy beb êy ex[h]h ^jm]h]hqlh[u boijbgylv Gh lu^hfZ kh\k_f wlbf^hg OmZg" >Zgh wlh fg_fgh]h klhblY ^he`_g [hjhlvky \hafh`gh[hevr_q_f ludh]^Zeb[h ohl_eM l_[y ljm^guc imlv ihemq_gby \k_]h \jZ[hl_Lu g_ ij_^klZ\ey_rvdZd ly`_eh y ^he`_g [uejZ[hlZlvqlh[u k^_eZlv lhqlh lu k^_eZe \q_jZM l_[y_klv qlhlhqlh ihfh]Z_l l_[_ gZ dZ`^hf ^xcf_ imlbG_l ^jm]h]h \hafh`gh]h kihkh[Z h[tykg_gbydjhf_ kihkh[Zdhlhjuf lumagZ_rv hkbeZoLu ^_eZe wlh ij_`^_ k f_kdZeblhl_i_jv lu ^_eZ_rv wlh k fZe_gvdbf ûfdhfLu ^he`_gkhkj_^hlhqblvky gZnZdl_qlh lu bf__rv [hevrhc ^Zjb hl[jhkblv ^jm]b_ khh[jZ`_gby \ klhjhgm Lu ijhbaghkbrv wlh lZde_]dhgh wlh g_ lZdY jZaju\Zxkv \gmljb Lu [m^_rv p_evguf kgh\Z ^h\hevgh kdhjhLu g_ aZ[hlbrvky h k\h_f l_e_ baaZ h^ghc\_sbLu lZdhc `_ lheklucY g_ ohl_egbq_]h ]h\hjblvl_[_ ij_`^_DZ`ûc ^he`_g \k_]^Z iha\heylv^jm]bf ^_eZlvlhqlh hgb ^he`gu ^_eZlvL_[y ^he]hg_ [uehY kdZaZel_[_qlh lu\_jg_rvky h^gZdhb lu\_jgmekyLZ `_\_sv kemqbeZkvkh fghcY mr_e gZ iylvk iheh\bghce_l Ihq_fm lug_ ijboh^be^hg OmZg" Ih lhc`_ ijbqbg_qlh bluY g_ihex[be wlh Ihq_fm `_lu \_jgmeky" Ih lhc `_ijbqbg_ih dhlhjhc\_jgmeky lu kZf ihlhfm qlhg_ [ueh^jm]h]h imlbqlh[u `blv Wlh aZy\e_gb_ bf_eh[hevrh_ \ha^_ckl\b_gZ f_gyb y ih^mfZeqlh\hafh`ghg_ [ueh^jm]h]h imlb `bagbY gbdh]^Z g_\ukdZau\Ze wlmfukev dhfmgb[m^vh^gZdh ^hgOmZg \ukdZaZe __ijZ\bevgh Ihke_ hq_gv^he]h]h fheqZgbyy kijhkbe_]h Qlh y^_eZe \q_jZ^hg OmZg" Lu \klZ\Zedh]^Z luohl_e Gh yg_ agZxdZd y^_eZe wlh Kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_ wlhcl_ogbdb hlgbfZ_l\j_fy<Z`gZy \_svh^gZdhwlh lhqlh luagZ_rvdZd ^_eZlvwlh Gh yg_ agZxWlh \hijhky ^_ckl\bl_evghg_ agZx Dhg_qghlu agZ_rv >hg OmZgy m\_jyxl_[yy deygmkvl_[_ Hg g_^Ze fg_dhgqblvhg \klZeb \ur_e Iha`_ fukgh\Z [_k_^h\Zebh kljZ`_^jm]h]h fbjZ ?keb y\_jxqlh \k_qlh ybkiulZe^_ckl\bl_evgh j_ZevghkdZaZe ylh]^Z kljZ` y\ey_lky ]b]Zglkdbf kha^Zgb_fdhlhjh_ fh`_lijbqbgblv g_\_jhylgmx nbabq_kdmx [hevb _keby \_jxqlh hgfh`_l ^_ckl\bl_evghiml_r_kl\h \Zlv gZh]jhfgu_ jZkklhygbyihkj_^kl\hf ^_ckl\by\heblh]^Z eh]bq_kdb aZdexqblvqlh yfh] [ulZd`_ `_eZgb_f aZklZ\blv qm^h\bs_ bkq_agmlvLZd ebwlh" G_ lhqghkdZaZe hgLu g_fh`_rv aZohl_lvqlh[u kljZ` bkq_aH^gZdhl\h_ `_eZgb_fh`_l hklZgh\blv_]h hl \j_^Z l_[_Dhg_qgh_keb ludh]^Zgb[m^v \uihegbrvwlhlh ^hjh]Z l_[_hldjulZLu ^_ckl\bl_evghkfh`_rv ijhclbkljZ`Z b hg gbq_]h g_ kfh`_lk^_eZlv^Z`_ _keb [m^_l [_r_gh djm`blvky \hdjm] DZd `_y fh]mkh\_jrblv wlh" Lu m`_agZ_rvdZd<k_\ q_flu gm`^Z_rvkywlh \ ijZdlbd_ Y kdZaZe _fmqlh mgZk [uehg_ijZ\bevgh_ ihgbfZgb_ dhlhjh_ ijhbkoh^beh hlgZr_c jZagbpu\ \hkijbylbbfbjZY kdZaZeqlh êyf_gy agZlvqlhgb[m^v ih^jZamf_\Zehlhqlh y ^he`_giheghklvx khagZ\Zlvh lhfqlh y^_eZeb qlhy fh] ih\lhjblv lhqlh yagZeih `_eZgbxgh \wlhf kemqZ_y gb khagZ\Ze h lhfqlh y^_eZe ih^\ebygb_f ûfZgb fh] ih\lhjblv wlh_keb [ufhy `bagvaZ\bk_eZ hlwlh]h >hg OmZgihkfhlj_e gZf_gy bgd\bablhjkdbHgdZaZehkv aZ[Z\eyeky l_fqlh y]h\hjbeHg kgyek\hx reyimb ihq_kZe \bkdbdZd hg^_eZedh]^Z ohl_eijbdbgmlvky kfms_gguf Lu ^_ckl\bl_evghagZ_rvdZd jZkkdZaZlvgbq_]h g_ ]h\hjy"kdZaZe hgkf_ykvY ^he`_gkdZaZlv l_[_qlh lu ^he`_g bf_lvg_ij_dehggmx j_rbfhklvqlh[u klZlv q_eh\_dhf agZgbyGh ludZ`_lkybf_e g_ij_dehggmx j_rbfhklv kfmlblvky aZ]Z^dZfblu gZklZb\Z_rvgZ h[tykg_gbb\k_]hdZd [m^lh \_kv fbj khklZ\e_g ba\_s_cdhlhju_ fh]ml [ulv h[tykg_guL_i_jv lu klhbrvebphf debpm khkljZ`_f b k ijh[e_fhc ^\b`_gby ijbbkihevah\Zgbb k\h_]h`_eZgbyL_[_ dh]^Zeb[h ijboh^behgZ mfqlh lhevdhg_fgh]b_ \_sb\ wlhf fbj_ fh]ml[ulv h[tykg_gul\hbf kihkh[hf"Dh]^Z y ]h\hjbe qlh kljZ` ^_ckl\bl_evgh ij_]jZ`^Z_ll_[_ ijhoh^ b fh`_l ^_ckl\bl_evgh \u[blv ^vy\heZ ba l_[yy agZeqlh y ih^jZamf_\ZeY ohl_e gZmqblv l_[y fZehihfZemdZd ^\b]Zlvkygh aZl_fy ihgyeqlh luagZ_rvdZd wlh^_eZlv ohly lub ]h\hjbrvqlh g_agZ_rv Gh y^_ckl\bl_evgh g_agZxdZdaZijhl_klh\Ze y Lu agZ_rvlu ^mjZdkdZaZe hgg_mfhebfh b aZl_f meu[gmekyWlh gZihfbgZ_lfg_ \j_fydh]^Z dlhlh ihkZ^be wlh]h iZjgy OmebhgZ m[hjhqgmxfZrbgmhg agZedZd \_klb __ohly hggbdh]^Z g_ijh[h\Ze wlh]hjZgvr_ Y agZxqlh lubf__rv \\b^m^hg OmZgh^gZdhy \k_ _s_ qm\kl\mxqlh g_fh]m k^_eZlvwlh kgh\Zihlhfm qlhy g_ bf_x m\_j_gghklb\ lhfqlh y^_eZe NZevrb\uc \her_[gbdiulZ_lky h[tykgblv\k_ \ fbj_ h[tykg_gbyfb\ dhlhjuo hgg_ m\_j_gkdZaZe hgb ihwlhfm \k_y\ey_lky dhe^h\kl\hfGh hlwlh]h l_[_g_ emqr_ Lu lZd`_ ohq_rv h[tykgblv\k_ k\hbfkihkh[hfgh lu g_ m\_j_g \dZ`^hf k\h_fh[tykg_gbb =eZ\Z \h kv fZ y >hg OmZg kijhkbe f_gy\g_aZigh^mfZe eb y m_a`Zlv ^hfhc \dhgp_ g_^_ebY kdZaZeqlh ygZf_j_\Zeky m_oZlv \ ihg_^_evgbd mljhfFu kb^_ebih^ _]hjZfZ^Z \ ihe^_gv \ km[[hlmyg\ZjyhlûoZy ihke_ ^he]hc ijh]medb ih hdj_klguf ohefZf>hg OmZg\klZe b\hr_e \ ^hfG_fgh]h ih]h^yhg iha\Zef_gy \gmljvHg kb^_eihkj_^b dhfgZlu b iheh`be fhxkhehf_ggmx pbgh\dmi_j_^ kh[hcHg ij_êh`befg_ k_klv bg_ ]h\hjygb keh\ZjZa\_jgme k\hxljm[dm\ugme __ ba nmleyjZgZihegbe __qZrdm k\h_cdmjbl_evghc kf_kvx b aZ`_] __Hg ^Z`_ ijbg_k \ dhfgZlm ]ebgyguc ih^ghk gZiheg_gguc f_edbfbm]eyfb Hg g_kijhkbe f_gyohqm eby dmjblvHg lhevdh\jmqbe fg_ ljm[dm b\_e_e fg_dmjblvY g_dhe_[Zeky>hg OmZg hq_\b^ghhij_^_ebe fh_gZkljh_gb_ \_jghfh_ g_ij_h^hebfh_ ex[hiulkl\h d kljZ`m^he`gh [ueh[ulv hq_\b^guf_fmY g_ gm`^Zeky \dZdhfeb[h m]h\Zjb\Zgbbb g_l_ji_eb\h\udmjbe \kx ljm[dm J_Zdpbbdhlhju_ ybf_e[ueb ih^h[gul_fqlh y bf_e jZgvr_>hg OmZglZd`_ \hah[gh\be\h fgh]hf\ lhc`_ fZg_j_ GZ wlhljZah^gZdh\f_klh lh]hqlh[u ihfh]Zlvfg_ ^_eZlv wlhhg lhevdh\_e_e fg_hi_j_lv fhxijZ\mx jmdmgZ pbgh\dm b e_qvgZ e_\uc[hdHg ij_êh`beqlh[u yk`Ze dmeZd_keb wlh ^Zklfg_ emqrbcmihj Y k`ZedmeZd fh_cijZ\hc jmdblZd dZdy gZr_eqlh wlh [ueh e_]q_q_f ih\_jgmlvd ihemeZ^hgvdh]^Z e_`brvk\hbf \_khf gZ g_cY g_ kiZey qm\kl\h\Ze kbevgh_ l_ieh g_dhlhjh_ \j_fyZ aZl_fihl_jye \kydh_qm\kl\h >hg OmZge_] khk\h_c klhjhgugZijhlb\ f_gy_]h ijZ\h_ ij_îe_qv_ hibjZehkv gZ_]h ehdhlvb ihîbjZeh_]h ]heh\m ih^h[gh ih^mrd_<k_ [uehkh\_jr_ggh kihdhcgh^Z`_ fh_ l_eh\ dhlhjhflh]^Z hlkmlkl\h\ZeblZdlbevgu_ hsms_gbyY qm\kl\h\Ze [hevrh_m^h\e_l\hj_gb_ OhjhrhkdZaZe y >hg OmZgihki_rgh \klZe G_ kf_c gZqbgZlv k wlhc q_imobkdZaZe hg m[_^bl_evghG_ ]h\hjb=h\hjylu kh\_jr_ggh ihl_jy_rv wg_j]bxb lh]^ZkjZ` jZa^Z\bll_[ydZd lu ijboehiu\Z_rv dhfZjZ Hg^he`gh [ulvih^mfZeqlh _]hmeu[dZ [ueZaZ[Z\ghc ihlhfm qlhhg gZqZekf_ylvkygh \g_aZighhklZgh\beky G_ jZa]h\Zjb\Zcih`ZemcklZg_ jZa]h\Zjb\Zc kdZaZe hgk k_jv_aguf\ujZ`_gb_f ebpZ Y g_ kh[bjZekygbq_]h ]h\hjblvkdZaZe yb y ^_ckl\bl_evgh g_ohl_e ]h\hjblvwlh >hg OmZg\klZeY \b^_e_]h moh^ysbfd aZiZ^ghcklhjhg_ _]h ^hfZF]gh\_gb_f iha`_y aZf_lbeqlh gZ fhx pbgh\dm k_eZ fhrdZb wlhgZihegbeh f_gylZdhc lj_\h]hcdZdhc yg_ bkiulu\Ze ij_`^_Wlh [ueZkf_kv ijbih^gylh]h gZkljh_gby kljZ^Zgby b kljZoZY iheghklvxkhagZ\Zeqlh i_j_^h fghc kh[bjZehkv jZa\_jgmlvkyqlhlh ljZgkm_g^_glZevgh_fhrdZ dhlhjZy hojZgyeZ ^jm]hc fbjWlh [ueZ g_e_iZy fukevy ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y ih^h[gh ]jhfdhkf_xs_fmkygh aZl_f y hkhagZeqlh fh_ijbih^gylh_ gZkljh_gb_hl\e_deh f_gyb y ]hlh\ [ue mimklblv i_j_oh^guc i_jbh^dhlhjuc y ohl_e k^_eZlv ykguf< fh_cij_û^ms_c ihiuld_m\b^_lv kljZ`Z y kfhlj_e gZ fhrdm \gZqZe_k\hbf e_\uf]eZahfZ aZl_f y ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh y\klZe bkfhlj_e gZg__ h[hbfb ]eZaZfb gh yg_ khagZ\ZedZd ijhbahr_ewlhl i_j_oh^ Y m\b^_efhrdmdjm`b\rmxky \hdjm]pbgh\db i_j_^ fhbf ebphfb ihgyeqlh kfhljxgZ g__ h[hbfb ]eZaZfbHgZ ihê_l_eZ hq_gv [ebadh\ wlhlfhf_gl yg_ fh] \b^_lv __ h[hbfb ]eZaZfb [hevr_b i_j_\_eaj_gb_ gZfhc e_\uc ]eZa dhlhjuc [ue gZmjh\g_ a_feb< f]gh\_gb_dh]^Z y baf_gbe nhdmky lZd`_ ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh y \uijyfbe fh_ l_eh iheghklvx \\_jlbdZevgh_ iheh`_gb_b kfhlj_egZ g_\_jhylgh h]jhfgh_ `b\hlgh_Hgh [ueh[e_klys_ q_jguf?]h i_j_^ [ue ihdjul êbggufbq_jgufbdh\Zjgufb \hehkZfbdhlhju_ \u]ey^_eb ih^h[gh rbiZfijhoh^ysbf kd\hav s_eb dZdhclh [e_klys_cehkgys_cky q_rmb<hehku [ueb jZkiheh`_gu imqdZfb?]h l_eh[ueh fZkkb\guflhekluf b djm]euf?]h djuevy [uebrbjhdbfb bdhjhldbfb ihkjZ\g_gbx kêbghc _]h l_eZM g_]h[ueb ^\Z\uimdeuo ]eZaZb êbggh_jueh< wlh \j_fy hgh kfhlj_eh gZ f_gy ih^h[gh Zeeb]ZlhjmHgh dZaZehkvbf_eh êbggu_ mrbbeb\hafh`ghjh]Zb hgh khqbehkv Y klZjZeky bah\k_o kbenbdkbjh\Zlv k\hc ijbklZevguc \a]ey^ gZ g_fb aZl_fklZe iheghklvxkhagZ\Zlvqlh y g_ fh] kfhlj_lv gZ g_]hl_f `_kZfuf iml_fdZdbf y h[uqgh kfhlj_e gZ \_sbY bf_ekljZggmx fukev]ey^y gZ l_eh kljZ`Zy qm\kl\h\Zeqlh dZ`^Zyhl^_evgZy qZklv_]h [ueZ g_aZ\bkbfh `b\hcdZd [ueb`b\ufb ]eZaZex^_cY ihgyelh]^Z \ i_j\uc jZa \fh_c `bagbqlh ]eZaZ [ueb _^bgkl\_gghc qZklvx q_eh\_dZdhlhjZy fh]eZihdZaZlv fg_`b\hc hg beb g_lKljZ`k ^jm]hcklhjhgubf_e fbeebhg ]eZa Y ih^mfZeqlh wlh[ueh aZf_qZl_evghcgZoh^dhcI_j_^ wlbf hiulhfy jZafureyeh kjZ\g_gbyodhlhju_ fh]ebhibkZlv bkdZ`_gbywlh]h ij_\jZs_gbyfhrdb \]b]Zglkdh]h a\_jyb y ih^mfZeqlh ohjhrbfkjZ\g_gb_f [ueh[u dZd [m^lhkfhljbrv gZ gZk_dhfh_q_j_a m\_ebqbl_evgu_ebgau fbdjhkdhiZGh wlh [ueh g_lZdHq_\b^gh\b^ kljZ`Z[ue gZfgh]h[he__ keh`guf q_f \u]ey^_ehm\_ebq_ggh_ gZk_dhfh_ KljZ` gZqZe djm`blvkyi_j_^h fghcGZ h^bgfhf_gl hg hklZgh\bekyb yihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh hgkfhljbl gZf_gyLh]^Z y aZf_lbeqlh hgg_ ijhba\h^bea\mdZLZg_p kljZ`Z [ue fheqZeb\uf;eZ]h]h\_cghklv [ueZ \_]h ihy\e_gbb\ _]h \uimdeuo ]eZaZo\ _]hm]jh`Zxs_c fhj^_\ _]hkhqeb\hklb\ _]h dh\Zjguo \hehkZob [hevr_\k_]h \ _]h g_\_jhylghf jZaf_j_Y hq_gv[ebadh gZ[ex^ZedZd hg^\b]Ze djuevyfb dZd hg\b^jbjh\Ze bfb[_a a\mdZY gZ[ex^ZedZd hglhjfhabe gZ^ a_fe_cih^h[gh g_h[uqghfmdhgvdh[_`pm JZkkfZljb\Zy wlh dhrfZjgh_ kha^Zgb_i_j_^h fghcy ^_ckl\bl_evgh qm\kl\h\Zeebdh\Zgb_Y ^_ckl\bl_evgh \_jbe qlh y hldjuelZcgm h^he_lv_]hY ih^mfZeqlh kljZ` [ue lhevdh ^\b`ms_cky dZjlbghc gZ g_fhfwdjZg_hg g_ fh] ijbqbgblv fg_\j_^ hg lhevdh\u]ey^_e m`ZkZxsbf KljZ` klhyel_f g_ f_g__ih\_jgm\rbkv dh fg_ \g_aZigh hg aZ\b[jbjh\Ze k\hbfb djuevyfb b ih\_jgmeky djm]hf?]h kibgZ\u]ey^_eZ ih^h[gh[e_klys_fm hdjZr_gghfm iZgpbjx__ kbygb_ [ueh hke_ibl_evgufgh hll_ghd [ue hl\jZlbl_evguf wlh [uefhc g_[eZ]hijbylgucp\_l KljZ` g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy hklZ\Zeky ih\_jgmluc dh fg_ kibghcZ aZl_faZfZoZ\ k\hbfbdjuevyfbkgh\Z mkdhevagme ba \b^Z Y [ue ihklZ\e_g i_j_^hq_gv g_h[uqghc ^be_ffhcY q_klgh \_jbeqlh yh^he_e _]hihgbfZgb_f lh]hqlh hg bah[jZ`Ze lhevdh dZjlbgmyjhklbFhy \_jZ[ueZ\hafh`gh [eZ]h^Zjy gZklhcqb\hfm ml\_j`^_gbx^hgZ OmZgZqlh y agZe [hevr_q_f y ohl_e ijbagZlvky<h \kydhf kemqZ_y qm\kl\h\Zeqlh y ih[_^bekljZ`Zb imlv [ue k\h[h^_g H^gZdhy g_agZedZd ijh^he`Zlv>hg OmZgg_ kdZaZe fg_ qlh ^_eZlv \ lZdhf kemqZ_Y ihiulZeky ih\_jgmlvky b ihkfhlj_lv kaZ^bgh yg_ fh]^\b]ZlvkyH^gZdhy hq_gv ohjhrh fh]\b^_lv ]eZ\gmxqZklv ]jZ^mkgh]h ijhkljZgkl\Z i_j_^ fhbfb ]eZaZfbY lhqlh y \b^_e[ueh g_ykguf [e_^gh`_eluf ]hjbahglhfhg dZaZeky]ZahfEbfhgguc hll_ghd h^ghh[jZagh aZdju\Ze\k_qlh yfh] \b^_lvDZaZehkvqlh y [ue gZieZlhgZiheg_gghf iZjZfbk_ju <g_aZigh kljZìhdZaZeky kgh\Zlhqdhc gZ]hjbahgl_Hg k^_eZe rbjhdbc djm]ij_`^_ q_fhklZgh\blvky i_j_^h fghc _]h jhl [uerbjhdh hldjulih^h[gh h]jhfghci_s_j_hg g_ bf_e am[h\Hg \b[jbjh\Zek\hbfb djuevyfbf]gh\_gb_Z aZl_f ZlZdh\Ze f_gyHg ^_ckl\bl_evghZlZdh\Ze f_gyih^h[gh [udm b k\hbfb ]b]Zglkdbfb djuevyfbhg aZfZoZem fhbo ]eZaY aZdjbqZe k[hevxZ aZl_f\ae_l_ebebkdhj__ihqm\kl\h \Zeqlh y [jhkbeky\\_jo bijhr_eiZjyaZ kljZ`ZaZ `_elh\Zlh_ ieZlh \^jm]hc fbj\ fbjex^_cb y h[gZjm`be k_[y klhysbfihkj_^b dhfgZlu^hgZ OmZgZ yg\Zjy ]h^Z Y ^_ckl\bl_evgh^mfZeqlh yh^he_e kljZ`ZkdZaZe y ^hgmOmZgm Lu^he`gh [ulvhrb[Z_rvkykdZaZe hg >hg OmZgg_ ]h\hjbegb h^gh]hkeh\Z fg_k ijhreh]h^gy b yg_ ihgbfZewlh]hY [ueih]jm`_g \jh^ f_qlZl_evghklby kgh\Z ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh _keb[u ykfhlj_e \gbfZl_evghlh y [ue [u kihkh[_g\b^_lvGh g_\b^_e gbq_]h hkh[_ggh]h FheqZgb_h^gZdhqj_a\uqZcgh jZkkeZ[eyehf_gy >hg OmZgihijhkbe jZkkdZaZlvihjy^hd fh_]hi_j_`b\Zgby b lhqlh hkh[_gghbgl_j_kh\Zeh _]hwlh p\_ldhlhjuc y \b^_e gZ kibg_kljZ`Z>hg OmZg\a^hogme bdZaZehkv[ue ^_ckl\bl_evgh haZ[hq_g L_[_ ih\_aehqlh gZkibg_ kljZ`Z[ue p\_lkdZaZe hg kk_jv_aguf ebphf[m^v hggZ i_j_^g_cqZklb _]h l_eZ beb_s_ om`_gZ _]h]heh\_lu [ue[u f_jl\l_i_jvLu g_ ^he`_g iulZlvky \b ^_ lv kljZ`Zdh]^Zeb[h kgh\ZG_ êy l\h_]hl_fi_jZf_glZ ijhoh^blvwlm iehkdhklvh^gZdhy m[_`^_gqlh lufh] ijhclbq_j_a g__Gh g_[m^_f ]h\hjblv h[ wlhf[hevr_Wlh [uelhevdh h^bgba \hafh`guoiml_c Y h[gZjm`beg_h[uqgmx ly`_klv\ lhg_^hgZ OmZgZ Qlh kemqblky kh fghc_keb y ihiulZxkv m\ b ^ _l v kljZ`Zkgh\Z" KljZ` m^Zebll_[ykdZaZe hgHg \havf_ll_[y \ k\hc jhl b mg_k_l l_[y\ lhlieZg b hklZ\bl l_[y lZf gZ\k_]^ZHq_\b^ghqlh kljZàgZeqlh wlhg_ êy l\h_]h l_fi_jZf_glZb ij_^mij_^bel_[y g_y\eylvky DZdlu ^mfZ_rvkljZ` magZewlh" >hg OmZg ihkfhlj_e gZ f_gy ^he]bfijbklZevguf \a]ey^hfHg iulZekykdZaZlv qlhlhgh hldZaZekydZd [m^lh hg g_fh] gZclbijZ\bevguo keh\ Y \k_]^Z iZ^Zx hll\hbo \hijhkh\kdZaZe hg meu[Zykvlu ^_ckl\bl_evghg_ ^mfZ_rvdh]^Z kijZrb\Z_rv f_gy wlhlZd" Y ijhl_klh\Zeb \gh\vih^l\_j^beqlh yhaZ^Zq_g l_f qlh kljZàgZe fhcl_fi_jZf_gl >hg OmZg bf_e g_h[uqguc [e_kd\ ]eZaZodh]^Z hg ]h\hjbe B lu^Z`_ gbq_]hg_ mihfygmeh k\h_f l_fi_jZf_gl_ kljZ`m" ?]h lhg [uegZklhevdh dhfbq_kdbk_jv_a_gqlh fu h[Z jZkkf_yebkvIhke_ wlh]hh^gZdhhg kdZaZeqlh kljZ` [m^mqb ojZgbl_e_fdZjZmevguf lh]h fbjZagZe fgh]h k_dj_lh\dhlhjufb [jmohbf_e ijZ\h^_eblvky Wlh h^bgimlv [jmoh \b ^_ lv kdZaZe hg Gh wlhg_ [m^_ll\h_c h[eZklvxihwlhfm g_lkfukeZ ]h\hjblv h[ wlhf Dmj_gb_ _^bgkl\_gguc kihkh[ \b ^_ lv kljZ`Z" kijhkbe y G_lLu fh`_rvlZd`_ \b ^_ lv _]hb [_awlh]h ?klv fgh`_kl\h ex^_cdhlhju_ fh]ml ^_eZlv wlhY ij_îhqblZx dmjblvihlhfm qlh wlh [he__ wnn_dlb\gh b gZbf_g__ hiZkgh êyf_gy?keb luiulZ_rvky \b ^_ lv kljZ`Z [_aihfhsb dmj_gby_klv \hafh`ghklvqlh lu fh`_rv aZ^_j`Zlvky \ \uoh^_ ba wlh]h imlb< l\h_f kemqZ_ gZijbf_jhq_\b^ghqlh kljZìj_^mij_^be l_[ydh]^Z hg ih\_jgmeky k\h_ckibghc lZdqlh[u lufh] \b^_lv\jZ`^_[guc p\_lAZl_f hgme_l_eghdh]^Z hgijbe_l_e gZaZ^lu [ue _s_ lZfihwlhfm hg gZiZe gZ l_[yH^gZdhlu [ue ih^]hlh\e_g biju]gme>ufhd ^Zel_[_ aZsblm\ dhlhjhc lu gm`^Zeky_keb [ulu ihr_e\ lhlfbj [_a_]h ihfhsblu g_ kfh] [uba[Z\blvky hlko\Zlu\Zgby kljZ`_f Ihq_fm g_kfh] [u" L\hb ^\b`_gby [ueb[u kebrdhf f_ê_ggufbQlh[u mp_e_lv \ lhffbj_lu ^he`_g[ulv lZdbf`_ [ukljufdZd fhegbyWlh [uehfh_c hrb[dhcmclb badhfgZlugh yg_ ohqm l_[_ ]h\hjblvgbq_]h [hevr_Lu [helmgihwlhfm lu]h\hjbrv ^Z`_ ijhlb\k\h_]h `_eZgby;m^v ylZf klh[hcy [uhlhj\Ze l\hx ]heh\mLu \uiju]gmekZfqlh [ueh^Z`_ emqr_h^gZdh ykdhj__g_ jbkdh\Ze[u lZdkljZ` wlh g_qlhgb[m^vk q_f [ulu fh]aZ[Z\eylvky =eZ\Z ^_ \y lZ y < l_q_gb_lj_o f_kyp_\^hg OmZgkbkl_fZlbq_kdb ba[_]Ze jZa]h\hjZ hkljZ`_Y ihk_lbe_]h q_luj_jZaZ \l_q_gb_ wlbo f_kyp_\hg \h\e_dZe f_gy\ l_dmsb_ ihjmq_gby êy g_]h dZ`ûc jZab dh]^Zy \uihegyeihjmq_gbyhg ijhklh \_e_e fg_ m_a`Zlv^hfhcZij_ey ]h^Zdh]^Z y\ q_l\_jluc jZa [ue\ _]h^hf_ygZdhg_paZ]h\hjbe kgbf ihke_lh]h dZd fu ih_ebb kb^_eb\hae_ _]h]ebgyghc i_qdbY kdZaZe _fmqlh hg^_eZe qlhlh g_khhl\_lkl\_ggh_fg_y [ue]hlh\ mqblvkybl_f g_f_g__hg ^Z`_g_ ohl_ef_gy \_jgmlvY ^he`_g [ue hq_gvkbevgh gZijy]Zlvkyqlh[u ih[hjhlv k\h_ hl\jZs_gb_ d bkihevah\Zgbx ]Zeexpbgh]_gguo ]jb[h\b y qm\kl\h\ZedZd hgkZf kdZaZeqlh yg_ ^he`_gl_jylv \j_fy >hg OmZgy\gh kemrZefhb `Zeh[u Lu _s_keZ[kdZaZe hglu lhjhibrvkydh]^Z lu ^he`_g `^Zlvgh lu`^_rvdh]^Z lu^he`_g lhjhiblvkyLu kebrdhf fgh]h^mfZ_rvL_i_jv lu^mfZ_rvqlh g_evayl_jylv \j_fyG_^Z\gh lu ^mfZeqlh lug_ ohl_e dmjblv gbq_]h [hevr_L\hy `bagvlZdZy `_ijhdeylZy g_hij_^_e_gghklvlu g_^hklZlhqgh iehl_gqlh[u \klj_lblvkyk ûfdhfY hl\_qZx aZ l_[yb yg_ ohqmqlh[u lumf_jih^h[gh ijhdeylhfm ^mjZdm Y ihqm\kl\h\Zekfms_gb_ Qlh y fh]m k^_eZlv^hg OmZg"M f_gy [hevrh_ g_l_ji_gb_ @b\bdZd \hbgY ]h\hjbel_[_ m`_qlh \hbg [_j_l hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ k\hb^_ckl\byaZ kZfu_ljb\bZevgu_ ba k\hbo ^_ckl\bcLu ijhy\ey_rvk\hb fukebb wlhg_ijZ\bevgh Lu ihl_ji_eg_m^Zqm khkljZ`_f baaZ k\hbofuke_c DZd yihl_ji_e g_m^Zqm^hg OmZg" Lu ^mfZ_rvh[h \k_fLu ^mfZeh kljZ`_b ihwlhfmlu g_ kfh]ih[_^blv _]h< i_j\mxhq_j_^vlu ^he`_g`blvdZd \hbgY ^mfZxqlh luihgye wlhhq_gv ohjhrh Y ohl_e \klZ\blv qlhgb[m^v \k\hx aZsblmgh hg ihdZaZe `_klhfqlh[u yfheqZe L\hy `bagv ^h\hevgh ljm^gZijh^he`Ze hg NZdlbq_kdbl\hy `bagvljm^g__q_f mq_gbdh\O_gZjh IZ[eblh beb G_klhjZb \k_ `_hgb \b^ylZ lu g_lL\hy `bagv ljm^g__q_f mWebobhZ hg\_jhylghm \b ^b l jZgvr_ l_[yWlh jZkkljZb\Z_lf_gy>Z`_ O_gZjhg_ fh`_l i_j_`blv wlh]hLu q_klgh\uihegbe \k_qlh y]h\hjbe l_[_ ^_eZlv <k_q_fm fhc [_g_nZdlhjgZmqbe f_gy gZ i_j\hc klmi_gb h[_q_gbyy i_j_^Zel_[_IjZ\beh \_jgh_rZ]b g_fh]ml [ulv baf_g_guLu k^_eZe\k_qlh gm`gh[ueh k^_eZlvb \k_`_ lu g_ \b ^b rv gh l_fdlh \b ^b lih^h[gh O_gZjhdZ`_lky[m^lh lu \b ^b rv Y iheZ]Zxkv gZ wlhb yh[fZgu\ZxkvLu \_jlbrvky\hdjm] b\_^_rv k_[ydZd b^bhldhlhjuc g_ \b ^b lqlhdhg_qghy\ey_lky ijZ\bevguf êyl_[y Keh\Z ^hgZOmZgZ ijbqbgbebfg_ ]em[hdh_kljZ^Zgb_Y g_ agZxihq_fmgh y[ue [ebadhd ke_aZfY gZqZejZkkdZau\Zlv h k\h_f^_lkl\_b \hegZ`Zehklb dk_[_ ho\ZlbeZf_gy>hg OmZg ijbklZevghihkfhlj_e gZf_gy gZk_dmg^m bhl\_e ]eZaZ < gbo [ue ijhgabl_evguc [e_kdY ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh hg aZo\Zlbe f_gyk\hbfb ]eZaZfbM f_gy[ueh hsms_gb_qlh ^\_ jmdb eZkdh\h k`Zebf_gyb yhsmlbe g_ihgylgh_ \heg_gb_ g_l_ji_eb\h_ `_eZgb_ijbylgh_ hlqZygb_\ h[eZklb fh_]h kheg_qgh]h kie_l_gbyY klZekhagZ\Zlv k\hx[jxrgmx h[eZklv Y hsmlbe lZf `ZjY g_fh] ]h\hjblv k\yagh [hevr_ b aZ[hjfhlZeaZl_f yi_j_klZe ]h\hjblvkh\k_f <hafh`ghwlh h[_sZgb_kdZaZe ^hg OmZg ihke_ ^he]hc iZmau Ba\bgbl_ H[_sZgb_dhlhjh_ lu^Ze h^gZ`û^Z\guf ^Z\gh DZdh_ h[_sZgb_" Lufh`_l [ulvfh`_rv kdZaZlvfg_ wlhLu ihfgbrv wlhg_l" G_l Lu h[_sZeqlhlh hq_gv\Z`gh_ h^gZ`ûY ^mfZeqlh fh`_l [ulvlu h[_sZehojZgylv k_[yhl \b ^_ gb y Y g_agZxh q_flu ]h\hjbrv Y ]h\hjx h[h[_sZgbbdhlhjh_ lu ^ZeLu ^he`_g ihfgblv _]h ?keb lu agZ_rvqlh [uehh[_sZgb_ihq_fm lu g_ kdZ`_rv fg_^hg OmZg" G_lG_ [m^_lgbdZdhc ihevaukdZaZlv l_[_wlh ;ueh ebwlh h[_sZgb_fdhlhjh_ yk^_eZe k_[_" GZ f]gh\_gb_y ih^mfZeqlh hgfh`_l [ulvkkueZ_lky gZ fh_j_r_gb_ hklZ\blvmq_gbq_kl\h G_lWlh qlhlhqlh bf_ehf_klh hq_gv ^Z\gh kdZaZe hg Y aZkf_yekyihlhfm qlhy [uem\_j_gqlh ^hg OmZg b]jZ_l kh fghcdZdmxlh b]jmY ihqm\kl\h\Ze hahjkl\hM f_gy [uehhsms_gb_ ijbih^gylh]hgZkljh_gby ijbfukebqlh y fh]m ^mjZqblv^hgZ OmZgZdhlhjucdZd y[ue m[_`^_gagZe lZd `_ fZehdZd byh ih^haj_\Z_fhf h[_sZgbbY [ue m\_j_gqlh hgeh\be ju[m\ l_fghl_b iulZeky bfijh\babjh \ZlvFukev ihlZdZlv_fm ^hklZ\eyeZfg_ m^h\hevkl\b_ ;ueh ebhgh q_flhqlh yh[_sZe fh_fm^_^mrd_" G_lkdZaZe hgb ]eZaZ_]h aZ[e_kl_ebLZd`_ g_ lhqlh luh[_sZe k\h_c[Z[mrd_ Kf_rgZy bglhgZpbydhlhjmx hgijb^Ze keh\m [Z[mrdZ aZklZ\beZ f_gy aZkf_ylvkyY ih^mfZeqlh ^hgOmZg klZ\be fg_ eh\mrdmgh y ohl_eb]jZlv b]jm^h dhgpZY gZqZe i_j_qbkeylv \k_o \hafh`guo ex^_cdhfm yfh] [u h[_sZlv qlhgb[m^v hq_gv \Z`gh_H dZ`^hfhg kdZaZeg_lAZl_f hg i_j_\_e jZa]h\hjd fh_fm^_lkl\m Ihq_fm l\h_^_lkl\h [uehi_qZevguf"kijhkbe hg k k_jv_aguf \ujZ`_gb_f Y kdZaZe_fmqlh fh_^_lkl\h \^_ckl\bl_evghklb [ueh g_ i_qZevgufghfh`_l [ulvg_fgh]h ljm^guf DZ`^h_ hsms_gb_wlh imlvkdZaZe hgihkfhlj_\ gZ f_gy kgh\Zy lZd`_[ue hq_gvg_kqZkleb\ b[hyaeb\dh]^Z y [ue j_[_gdhfLjm^gh [ulv bg^_ckdbf j_[_gdhfhq_gv ljm^ghGh iZfylvh lhf\j_f_gb g_bf__l [hevr_agZq_gby êy f_gyjZgvr_ [uehljm^ghY i_j_klZe^mfZlv hljm^ghklb fh_c `bagb dZdjZa i_j_^l_fdZd ygZmqbeky \b ^_ lv Y lZd`_g_ ^mfZxh k\h_f^_lkl\_kdZaZe y Lh]^Z ihq_fmwlh ^_eZ_ll_[y i_qZevguf"Ihq_fm lu ohq_rv ieZdZlv" Y g_ agZx<hafh`ghdh]^y y^mfZx hk_[_dZd h j_[_gd_y qm\kl\mx`Zehklv dk_[_ bdh \k_f[ebadbf ex^yf Y qm\kl\mxk_[y [_kihfhsgufb i_qZevguf Hg ijbklZevgh ihkfhlj_e gZf_gyb kgh\Z \ h[eZklb `b\hlZ y hlf_lbeg_h[uqZcgh_ hsms_gb_^\mo jmdk`bfZxsbo _]hY hl\_ek\hb ]eZaZZ aZl_f[ukljh \a]eygmegZaZ^ gZ g_]hHg kfhlj_e\ ijhkljZgkl\hfbfh f_gy_]h ]eZaZ [ueb aZlmfZg_gu[_a nhdmkZ Wlh [uehh[_sZgb_f l\h_]h^_lkl\ZkdZaZe hgihke_ dhjhldh]h fheqZgby Qlh yh[_sZe" Hg g_ hl\_qZe?]h ]eZaZ[ueb aZdjuluY g_\hevgh meu[gmekyy agZeqlh hgqm\kl\h\Ze k\hcimlv \ l_fghl_ h^gZdhy g_kdhevdhihl_jye k\h_i_j\hgZqZevgh_ klj_fe_gb_ rmlblv kgbf Y [uelhsbf j_[_gdhfijh^he`Ze hgb y \k_]^Z [hyeky LZdbf `_[ue ykdZaZe y Lhqlh yihfgx [hevr_\k_]hwlh m`Zk b i_qZev dhlhju_ yqm\kl\h\Zedh]^Z f_dkbdZgkdb_khe^Zlu m[beb fhx fZlvkdZaZe hg lbohdZd [m^lh_]h iZfylv [ueZ _s_ fmqbl_evghchgZ [ueZ[_^ghc bihdhjghc bg^bZgdhcFh`_l [ulvwlh [uehemqr_qlh __`bagv [ueZdhgq_gZ lh]^ZY ohl_e [ulv m[bluf kg_cihlhfm qlhy [ue j_[_gdhfGh khe^Zlu ihcfZebb ba[bebf_gyDh]^Z y[jhkbeky gZl_eh fh_c fZl_jbhgb m^Zjbebf_gy ihjmdZf oeuklhfb jZa[bebiZevpu Y g_qm\kl\h\Ze gbdZdhc[hebgh yg_ fh]o\ZlZlv [hevr_Z aZl_f hgbhllZsbeb f_gy Hg i_j_klZe]h\hjblv?]h ]eZaZ[ueb _s_aZdjulub y fh] h[gZjm`blvhq_gv g_aZf_lgh_^jh`Zgb_ _]h]m[=em[hdZy i_qZev gZqZeZ ho\Zlu\Zlvf_gyDZjlbgu fh_]h kh[kl\_ggh]h ^_lkl\Z gZoeugmebgZ f_gy Kdhevdh e_l[ueh l_[_^hg OmZg"kijhkbe yijhklh qlh[u \haf_klblvi_qZev \hfg_ Fh`_l [ulvk_fvWlh [ueh\j_fy \_ebdbo\hcg ydb F_dkbdZgkdb_ khe^Zlu gZiZebgZ gZkg_h`b^Zgghdh]^Z fhy fZlv ]hlh\beZibsmHgZ [ueZ[_kihfhsghc `_gsbghcHgb m[beb __ [_ah\kydh]h ih\h^ZG_ [uehgbdZdhc jZagbpu\ lhfqlh hgZ mf_jeZ lZdb ^_ckl\bl_evghg_lbl_f g_f_g__êy f_gy hgZ_klvY g_fh]m kdZaZlvk_[_ihq_fmh^gZdhhgZ ijhklh _klvY ^mfZeqlh hgbm[beb fh_]hhlpZ lZd`_gh wlh [ueh g_lZdHg [uejZg_gIha`_ hgbihkZ^beb gZk\ ih_a^ ih^h[gh kdhlmb aZdjueb^\_jvG_kdhevdh ^g_chgb ^_j`Zeb gZk lZf \ l_fghl_dZd `b\hlguoHgb ^_j`Zeb gZk `b\ufb dmkdZfb ibsbdhlhju_ hgb[jhkZeb \j_fyhl \j_f_gb\ \Z]hg Fhc hl_pmf_j hljZg \wlhf \Z]hg_Hg klZe[j_^blv hl [heb b ebohjZ^dbb ijh^he`Ze]h\hjblv fg_qlh y ^he`_g \u`blvHg ijh^he`Ze]h\hjblv fg_wlh ^hkZfh]h ihke_^g_]h fhf_glZ k\h_c`bagb Ex^b ihaZ[hlbebkvh[h fg_hgb gZdhjfbebf_gyklZjZy `_gsbgZ agZoZjdZkdj_ibeZ kehfZggu_dhklb fh_cjmdbBdZd lu \b^brvy `b\@bagv [ueZgb ohjhr_cgb iehohcêy f_gy `bagv [ueZljm^ghc@bagv ljm^gZb êyj_[_gdZ hgZ bgh]^Z kZf m`Zk Fu hq_gv^he]h fheqZeb<hafh`ghqZk ijhr_e\ iheghc lbrbg_M f_gy[ueb hq_gvkimlZggu_ qm\kl\ZY [ueg_kdhevdh m^jmq_gghh^gZdhy g_fh] kdZaZlvihq_fmY i_j_`b\Ze qm\kl\h m]jua_gbykh\_klbI_j_^ wlbfy ohl_eihlZdZlv ^hgm OmZgmgh hg\g_aZigh ihf_gyekyjheyfb d_]h ijyfhc\u]h^_ Wlh [uehijhklh b\ujZabl_evgh bijhba\_eh \hfg_ g_h[uqgh_ qm\kl\hFukev hj_[_gd_bkiulu\Zxs_f [hev\k_]^Z [ueZ ih\ur_ggh qm\kl\bl_evgufij_^f_lhf êyf_gy< f]gh\_gb_fhb qm\kl\Z ijhgbdgh\_gby d^hgm OmZgmhldjueb imlv hsms_gbx hl\jZs_gby dk_[_Y ^_ckl\bl_evghijbgyedZd [m^lh `bagv ^hgZ OmZgZ[ueZ ijhklhdebgbq_kdbf kemqZ_fY [uegZ ]jZgb \kdjulby fhboaZf_lhddh]^Z ^hgOmZg ldgmef_gy iZevp_f \ bdjm gh]bqlh[u ijb\e_qvfh_ \gbfZgb_Hg kdZaZeqlh hg \b^_ek\_l gZkbeby \hdjm]f_gyb ihbgl_j_kh\Zekyg_ kh[bjZxkv eb y gZqZlv[blv _]h?]h kf_o \hkoblbl_evgh ij_j\ZekyHg kdZaZeqlh y ih^^Z\Zeky \kiurdZf gZkb evkl\_ggh]h ih\_^_gbygh qlh\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklby g_[ue iehobf bqlh ^he]h_\j_fy gZkbeb_[ueh ijhlb\f_gy kZfh]h Lu ijZ\^hg OmZgkdZaZe y Dhg_qghkdZaZe hgkf_ykv Hg m[_^be f_gy jZkkdZaZlvh k\h_f^_lkl\_Y gZqZe jZkkdZau\Zlv _fmh k\hbo]h^Zo kljZoZb h^bghq_kl\Zm\e_dky hibkZgb_f lh]hqlhy ^mfZe[ueh fh_cihljykZxs_c [hjv[hc qlh[u \u`blv b ml\_j^blv k\hc ^moHg jZkkf_yeky ijb f_lZnhj_ h[ml\_j`^_gbb fh_]h^moZ Y jZkkdZau\Ze^he]hHg kemrZek k_jv_aguf\ujZ`_gb_f AZl_f\ h^bgfhf_gl _]h]eZaZ ijb`Zebf_gy kgh\Zb y i_j_klZe ]h\hjblvIhke_ k_dmg^ghciZmau hg kdZaZeqlh gbdlh gbdh]^Zg_ mgb`Zef_gy bqlh [ueZijbqbgZ lh]hqlh y g_ [ue\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbiehobf Lu g_ihl_ji_e ihjZ`_gby\k_ `_kdZaZe hg Hg ih\lhjbeml\_j`^_gb_ q_luj_beb iylvjZaihwlhfm y ihqm\kl\h\Ze g_h[oh^bfhklv kijhkblv _]hqlh hg ih^jZamf_\Ze ih^wlbfHg h[tykgbeqlh ihl_ji_lvihjZ`_gb_ [ueh mkeh\b_f `bagbdhlhjh_ [ueh g_ba[_`gufEx^b beb ih[_`^Zebbeb l_ji_ebihjZ`_gb_b\ aZ\bkbfhklbhl wlh]h hgb klZgh\bebkv ij_ke_^h\Zl_eyfb beb `_jl\ZfbWlb ^\Z mkeh\by ij_h[eZ^ZebihdZ q_eh\_dg_ gZqbgZe \b ^_ lv \ b^ _g b_ jZkk_b\Zeh beexabxih[_ûihjZ`_gby beb kljZ^ZgbyHg ^h[Z\beqlh ygZmqmkv \b ^_ lv dh]^Z y h^_j`mih[_^m gZîZfylvx mgb`_ggh]hkms_kl\Z Y aZijhl_klh\Zeqlh y g_ [ue b gbdh]^Z g_ [ue ih[_^bl_e_f \ q_fgb[m^vb qlhfhy `bagv [ueZih`Zemc ihjZ`_gb_f Hg aZkf_yekyb [jhkbek\hx reyimgZ ihe ?keb l\hy`bagv y\ey_lkylZdbf ihjZ`_gb_fgZklmib gZ fhx reyim\ua\Ze hgf_gy \rmldm Y qbklhk_j^_qgh ^hdZau\Ze k\h_>hg OmZg klZe k_jv_aguf?]h ]eZaZkmabebkv ^hlhgdbo s_ehdHg kdZaZe qlh y ^mfZeqlh fhy`bagv [ueZ ihjZ`_gb_fih ^jm]bf ijbqbgZfg_`_eb kZfh ihjZ`_gb_AZl_f hg [ukljh b kh\_jr_ggh g_h`b^Zggh \ayefhx ]heh\m\ k\hb jmdbaZ`Z\ eZ^hgyfb fhb \bkdb?]h ]eZaZklZeb kbevgufbdh]^Z hg \a]eygme \f_gy;_a bkim]Zy k^_eZe]em[hdbc \^hojlhfHg iha\hebe fh_c ]heh\_hldbgmlvky ijhlb\ kl_guijbklZevgh ]ey^y gZf_gyHg \uihegbek\hb ^\b`_gbyk lZdhckdhjhklvx qlh g_dhlhjh_\j_fyihdZ hgg_ hkeZ[beb g_hldbgme m^h[gh ijhlb\ kl_guy [ue_s_ gZk_j_^bg_ ]em[hdh]h \^hoZY ihqm\kl\h\Ze ]heh\hdjm`_gb_g_eh\dhklv Y \b `m fZe_gvdh]hfZevqbdZkdZaZe ^hg OmZg ihke_ iZmau Hg ih\lhjbewlh g_kdhevdhjZadZd [m^lhy g_ihgbfZe M f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hqlh hg]h\hjbe h[hfg_dZd hfZe_gvdhf djbqZs_f fZevqbd_ihwlhfm yg_ h[jZlbe ^_ckl\bl_evgh]h \gbfZgby gZwlh WckdZaZe hglj_[my fh_]hihegh]h \gbfZgbyy \ b` m fZe_gvdh]hdjbqZs_]h fZevqbdZ Y kijhkbe _]h[ue ebwlhl fZevqbdfghcHg kdZaZe g_lLh]^Z ykijhkbe _]h[ueh ebwlh \b^_gb_fh_c `bagbbeb ijhklh iZfylvxba _]hkhkl\_gghc `bagbHg g_hl\_lbe Y \b `m fZe_gvdh]hfZevqbdZijh^he`Ze hg hg djbqblb djbqbl Y agZxwlh]h fZevqbdZ"kijhkbe y >Z Hg fhcfZe_gvdbc fZevqbd" G_l Hg djbqbll_i_jv" Hg djbqbll_i_jvkdZaZe hgk m\_j_gghklvx Y ih^mfZeqlh ^hgOmZg \b^_edh]hlhdh]h yagZedlh [ue fZe_gvdbffZevqbdhf bdlh \wlhl kZfucfhf_gl djbqZeY gZa\Ze ihbf_gZf \k_o^_l_cdhlhjuo yagZegh hg kdZaZe qlh l_^_lb g_bf_eb hlghr_gbyd fh_fmh[_sZgbxZ j_[_ghd dhlhjuc djbqZebf_e hq_gv[hevrh_ hlghr_gb_d g_fm Ml\_j`^_gb_ ^hgZOmZgZ dZaZehkvg_e_iufHg kdZaZeqlh y h[_sZe qlhlh dhfmlh \fh_f ^_lkl\_ b qlh j_[_ghd dhlhjuc djbqZe\ wlhlkZfuc fhf_glbf_e [hevrh_hlghr_gb_ d fh_fm h[_sZgbxY ]h\hjbe_fmqlh \wlhf g_l kfukeZHg kihdhcgh ih\lhjyeqlh hg \b^_efZe_gvdh]h fZevqbdZ djbqZs_]h \ wlhl fhf_glb qlhfZe_gvdhfm fZevqbdm [ueh [hevgh Y klZjZekyih^h]gZlv _]hml\_j`^_gby ih^ dZdhcgb[m^v \b^ ijZ\bevgh]h h[jZaZgh yg_ fh]mklZgh\blv bok\yav k q_fgb[m^vqlh ykhagZ\Ze Y hldZau\ZxkvkdZaZe yihlhfm qlhy g_ ihfgx qlh y ^Z\Ze \Z`gh_ h[_sZgb_ dhfmgb[m^vf_gvr_ \k_]h j_[_gdm Hg ijbsmjbe ]eZaZkgh\Z bkdZaZeqlh wlhl hkh[_gguc j_[_ghddhlhjuc djbqZelhqgh \wlhl fhf_gl[ue j_[_ghd fh_]h ^_lkl\Z Hg [uej_[_ghd \h\j_fy fh_]h^_lkl\Zb hgl_f g_ f_g__djbqbl l_i_jv"kijhkbe y Hg j_[_ghddhlhjuc djbqbll_i_jvgZklZb\Ze hg Lu ihgbfZ_rvqlh lu]h\hjbrv^hg OmZg" IhgbfZx Wlh g_ bf__lkfukeZDZd fh`_l hg [ulv j_[_gdhf l_i_jv_keb hg[ue j_[_gdhfdh]^Z ykZf [uej_[_gdhf" Wlh j_[_ghdb hgdjbqbl l_i_jvkdZaZe hgmihjgh H[tykgb wlhfg_^hg OmZg G_lL u ^he`_gh[tykgblv wlhfg_ Ohlv m[_cy g_fh] ihgylvlh]hh q_fhg ]h\hjbe Hg djbqblHg djbqbl^hg OmZgijh^he`Ze ]h\hjblv\ ]bighlbabjmxs_f lhg_B hg^_j`bl l_[yl_i_jvHg dj_idh k`bfZ_lHg h[gbfZ_lHg kfhljblgZ l_[yLu qm\kl\m_rv_]h ]eZaZ"Hg klZgh\blkygZ dhe_gbb h[gbfZ_ll_[yHg fheh`_ l_[yHg ih^[_]Z_l d l_[_Gh _]h jmdZ kehfZgZLu qm\kl\m_rv _]h jmdm"M wlh]h fZe_gvdh]h fZevqbdZ ghk \u]ey^bl ih^h[ghim]h\bp_>ZWlh ghkim]h\bp_c < fhbo mrZo ihy\beky ]meb y ihl_jye hsms_gb_ kms_kl\h\Zgby ^hfZ^hgZ OmZgZKeh\Z ghk im]h\bp_c[jhkbeb f_gy kjZam \ kp_gmba fh_]h^_lkl\ZY agZe fZevqbdZ k ghkhfim]h\bp_c>hg OmZgg_aZf_lgh ijh^\bgmek\hc imlv \ h^gh bagZb[he__ l_fguof_kl fh_c`bagbY agZeh[_sZgb_h dhlhjhf hg ]h\hjbeM f_gy [ueh hsms_gb_ ijbih^gylh]h gZkljh_gbyhlqZygby[eZ]h]h\_gby i_j_^^hghf OmZghfb _]h \_ebdhe_iguf fZg_\jhfDZdq_jl \havfbhg agZ_lh fZevqbd_ k ghkhfim]h\dhc bafh_]h ^_lkl\Z"Y klZe lZd \a\hegh\Zg \hkihfbgZgb_fdhlhjh_ ^hgOmZg \ua\Ze\h fg_qlh fhykbeZ \kihfgblv i_j_g_keZ f_gygZaZ^ dh\j_f_gbdh]^Z fg_ [ueh \hk_fv e_lFhy fZlvhklZ\beZ f_gy^\Z ]h^Z gZaZ^b y ijh\h^be gZb[he__Z^kdb_ ]hûfh_c `bagbpbjdmebjmy kj_^b k_kl_j fh_c fZl_jbdhlhju_ kem`beb bkihegyxsbfb ^he] aZf_klbl_e_c fZl_jb b aZ[hlbebkv h[h fg_ iZjm f_kyp_\ h^gh\j_f_gghM dZ`^hcba fhbol_lhd [ueZ[hevrZy k_fvyb [_ajZaebqghdZd aZ[hleb\ubeb ihdjh\bl_evkl\_ggu[ueb l_ldb dh fg_kh fghckhi_jgbqZeb ^\Z^pZlv^\Z jh^kl\_ggbdZBo [_kk_j^_qghklv [u\ZeZ bgh]^Z ^_ckl\bl_evgh kljZgghcY qm\kl\h\Ze lh]^Zqlh f_gyhdjm`Zeb \jZ]bb \ ihke_^mxsb_ fmqbl_evgu_ ]hû y mr_e \ hlqZyggmx b ]jyagmx \hcgm GZdhg_pihkj_^kl\hf kihkh[h\dhlhju_ y\k_ _s_g_ agZx^h wlh]h ^gyy ^h[bekymki_oZ \ihdhj_gbb \k_ofhbo ^\hxjh^guo jh^kl\_ggbdh\Y ^_ckl\bl_evgh[ue ih[_^bl_e_fY g_ bf_e [hevr_ khi_jgbdh\dhlhju_ [ubf_eb agZq_gb_H^gZdhy g_ agZe wlh]hb g_agZedZd hklZgh\blvfhx \hcgmdhlhjZy jZkijhkljZgbeZkv gZrdhevgmx ihq\m DeZkku k_evkdhcrdheudm^Z yoh^be[ueb kf_rZggufbb i_j\uc b lj_lbcdeZkku [uebjZa^_e_gu lhevdh jZkklhygb_f f_`^m iZjlZfbWlh lZfy \klj_lbefZe_gvdh]h fZevqbdZ k iehkdbf ghkhfdhlhjh]h ^jZagbebijha\bs_f im]h\bqguc ghk Hg [ue i_j\hdeZkkgbdY \u[jZe _]h kemqZcgh[_a ki_pbZevgh]h gZf_j_gbyGh hgdZaZehkvex[be f_gy g_kfhljy gZ \k_qlh y^_eZe _fmHg ijb\ud ke_^h\Zlv aZ fghc ih\kx^mb ^Z`_ojZgbe lZcgmqlh y[ue hl\_lkl\_g_gaZ ^hkdmdhlhjZy ihklZ\beZ\ lmibd^bj_dlhjZB h^gZdhy \k_ `_ ^jZagbe_]hH^gZ`û ygZjhqgh hijhdbgmeklhy\rmx ly`_emx deZkkgmx ^hkdmhgZ miZeZgZ g_]hiZjlZaZ dhlhjhc hg kb^_ekfy]qbeZ m^Zjgh \k_`_ m^ZjkehfZe _fmdexqbpmHg miZeY ihfh]_fm \klZlvb m\b^_e[hev bbkim] \_]h ]eZaZo dh]^Z hgkfhlj_e gZf_gy b^_j`Zeky aZf_gyM^Zj ijb \b^_ _]h [hebb bkdZe_q_gghcjmdb [ue[hevr_q_f yfh] \ug_klb =hû y m`Zkgh [hjheky ijhlb\ fhbo jh^kl\_ggbdh\b y ih[_^bey ihdhjbek\hbo \jZ]h\y [uekbevguf \lhl fhf_gl dh]^Z \b^ djbqZs_]hfZe_gvdh]h fZevqbdZ k ghkhfim]h\dhc jZajmrbe fhbih[_ûIjyfh lZfy hklZ\be[bl\mEx[uf iml_f gZ dZdhc y [uekihkh[_gy j_rbe g_ \h_\Zlv dh]^Zeb[h kgh\ZY ih^mfZeqlh _fmfh`_l [ulvhlj_`ml jmdmb y h[_sZeqlh _keb fZe_gvdbcfZevqbd \ue_qblkyy gbdh]^Z [hevr_ g_[m^m ih[_^bl_e_fY hl^Zek\hb ih[_û_fmWlh [ue imlvb yihgye wlhlh]^Z >hg OmZg hldjue ]ghysmxky jZgm \ fh_c `bagbY ihqm\kl\h\Ze ]heh\hdjm`_gb_[ue ihljyk_gBklhqgbd g_hkeZ[e_gghc i_qZebaZkljmbeky \hfg_y [ueih[_`^_g bfY qm\kl\h\Ze ly`_klvk\hbo ^_ckl\bcgZ k_[_<hkihfbgZgb_ h[ wlhf fZe_gvdhf dmjghkhf fZevqbd_qv_ bfy [ueh OhZdbg ijhba\_eh gZf_gy lZdmxy\gmx [hevqlh yaZieZdZeY kdZaZe ^hgm OmZgm h fh_ci_qZeb baaZ wlh]h fZevqbdZdhlhjuc gbdh]^Z g_ bf_e gbq_]hwlhl fZe_gvdbcOhZdbg g_ bf_e ^_g_]qlh[u ihclbd \jZqmb _]hjmdZ lZdb g_ kjhkeZkv ijZ\bevghB \k_qlh y^he`_g [ue^Zlv _fmwlh fhb^_lkdb_ ih[_ûIhwlhfm yqm\kl\h\Ze klu^ ;m^v \fbj_qm^ZdkdZaZe ^hgOmZg ih\_ebl_evgh lu hl^Ze^hklZlhqghL\hb ih[_û[ueb kbevgufbb hgb [ueb l\hbfbLu hl^Ze^hklZlhqghL_i_jv lu^he`_g baf_gblvk\h_ h[_sZgb_ DZd ybaf_gx _]h"Y ijhklhkdZ`m lZd" H[_sZgb_ g_fh`_l [ulvbaf_g_gh ijhklh ]h\hj_gb_f lZdFh`_l [ulvhq_gv kdhjhlu kfh`_rvmagZlvqlh gZ^h ^_eZlvqlh[u baf_gblv_]hLh]^Z\hafh`ghlu ^Z`_[m^_rv \ b^ _l v Fh`_rv lu^Zlv fg_dZdb_gb[m^v mdZaZgby^hg OmZg" Lu ^he`_g l_ji_eb\h`^ZlvagZyqlh lu `^_rvb agZyaZq_f lu`^_rvWlh imlv\hbgZB _keb_klv ih\h^êy \uiheg_gby l\h_]hh[_sZgbylh]^Z lu^he`_g khagZ\Zlvqlh lu \uihegy_rv_]hLh]^Z ijb^_l\j_fydh]^Z l\h_ h`b^Zgb_ dhgqblkyb lug_ ^he`_g[m^_rv [hevr_qlblv k\h_h[_sZgb_ Lu gbq_]h g_ fh`_rvk^_eZlv êy `bagb wlh]h fZe_gvdh]h fZevqbdZLhevdh hgfh] Zggmebjh\Zlvwlh ^_ckl\b_ Gh dZdhg fh`_l" Ihkj_^kl\hf magZ\Zgbyqlh[u k\_klb_]h `_eZgby d gmexIhdZ hg^mfZ_lqlh hg[ue `_jl\hc_]h `bagv [m^_l Z^hfIhdZ lu ^mfZ_rv lZd `_l\h_ h[_sZgb_ [m^_l ^_ckl\bl_evgufLhqlh ^_eZ_l gZk g_kqZklgufb wlh `_eZgb_H^gZdh_keb fugZmqbfky k\h^blvk\hb `_eZgby d gmexfZe_crZy \_svdhlhjmx fuihemqbf[m^_l bklbgguf ^Zjhf;m^v \ fbj_lu k^_eZe^h[juc ^Zj OhZdbgm;ulv [_^guf bebohl_lv wlh lhevdhfukevb lhqghlZd `_ fukev g_gZ\b^_lv beb[ulv ]heh^gufbeb kljZ^Zxsbfhl [heb Y g_ fh]m\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbih\_jblv wlhfm^hg OmZgDZd fh`_l]heh^ beb[hev [ulvlhevdh fukevx" L_i_jv êy f_gyhgb lhevdhfukebWlh \k_qlh y agZxY ijhr_ewlm klmi_gvKbeZ h^he_lv_]h wlh \k_qlh fu bf__fêy lh]hqlh[u ijhlb\hklhylvkbeZf `bagb[_a wlhc kbeu fuy\ey_fky lhevdhfmkhjhfiuevx gZ\_ljm M f_gyg_l khfg_gbyqlh lu^h[beky wlh]h^hg OmZg gh dZd fh`_l ijhklhcq_eh\_d \jh^_ f_gy beb fZe_gvdh]h OhZdbgZ ^h[blvkywlh]h" Wlh gZrZ aZ^ZqZdZd hl^_evguo ebqghkl_c ijhlb\hklhylv kbeZf gZr_c `bagbY ]h\hjbewlh l_[_ m`_ g_kq_lgh_ qbkehjZalhevdh \hbgfh`_l \u`blv<hbg agZ_l qlh hg`^_lb hgagZ_lq_]h hg`^_lb dh]^Zhg `^_lhg gbq_]h g_ ohq_lihwlhfmdZdmx [ufZe_gvdmx \_sv hg gb ihemqbehgZ [hevr_q_f hgfh`_l \aylv?keb hgohq_l _klv hg gZc^_l imlvihlhfm qlhhg g_]heh^_g_keb qlheb[h jZgbl _]h l_ehhg gZoh^blkihkh[qlh[u hklZgh\blv wlh ihlhfm qlh hg g_ kljZ^Z_lhl [heb;ulv ]heh^guf beb kljZ^Zlv hl[heb hagZqZ_lqlh q_eh\_dihdbgme kZfh]hk_[y b [hevr_ m`_ g_ \hbgb kbeZ _]h ]heh^Z beb _]h [heb mgbqlh`Z_l _]h Y ohl_ehlklZb\Zlv k\h_fg_gb_gh hklZgh\bekyihlhfm qlh yihgyeqlh kihjhfy kha^Zx[Zjv_jqlh[u aZsblblvk_[y hl jZajmrbl_evghckbeu \_ebe_ighcih[_û ^hgZOmZgZdhlhjZy aZljhgmeZ f_gylZd ]em[hdhb klZdhc kbehcDZd hgagZ_l"Y ih^mfZeqlhfh`_l [ulvy jZkkdZaZe_fm bklhjbxh dmjghkhf fZevqbd_ \h \j_fy h^gh]h ba fhbo ]em[hdbo khklhygbc g_h[uqghc j_ZevghklbY g_ijbihfbgZeqlh y]h\hjbe _fmgh fh_ g_ijbihfbgZgb_ijb lZdbomkeh\byo [uehij_îheZ]Zxsbfky DZd lumagZe hfh_f h[_sZgbb^hg OmZg" Y \b ^_ e _]h Lu \b ^_ e _]hdh]^Z bijbgbfZe f_kdZeblhbeb dh]^Z ydmjbe l\hxkf_kv" Y \b ^_ e _]hk_cqZkK_]h^gy Lu \b ^_ e \kx\_sv" Lu kgh\Z gZqZeY `_kdZaZe l_[_qlh g_l kfukeZ ]h\hjblv hlhfgZ qlhihoh`_ \b^_gb_Wlh imklh_ Y g_gZklZb\Ze [hevr_WfhpbhgZevgh y[ue m[_`^_g Y lZd`_^Ze deyl\mh^gZ`ûg_h`b^Zggh kdZaZe ^hg OmZg A\md _]h]hehkZ aZklZ\bef_gy \a^jh]gmlv Y h[_sZehlpmqlh y[m^m `blvqlh[u mgbqlh`blv_]h m[bcpY ghkbe wlhh[_sZgb_ kkh[hc ^he]b_ ]hûL_i_jv h[_sZgb_ baf_g_ghY g_bgl_j_kmxkv [hevr_ mgbqlh`_gb_f dh]hgb[m^vy g_g_gZ\b`m f_dkbdZgp_\Y g_g_gZ\b`m gbdh]h Y magZeqlh [_kqbke_ggu_ imlb dZ`^h]h i_j_k_dZxlky \ kh[kl\_gghc `bagb \k_ jZ\guM]g_lZl_ev b m]g_lZ_fuc \klj_qZxlky \ dhgp_b _^bgkl\_ggZy \_svdhlhjZy ij_h[eZ^Z_lwlh lhqlh `bagv[ueZ \p_ehf kebrdhfdhjhldhc êy h[hboK_]h^gy yqm\kl\mx i_qZevg_ ihlhfmqlh fhyfZlv b hl_p mf_jeb lZdbfiml_fdZdbf hgbmf_jeby qm\kl\mx i_qZev ihlhfmqlh hgb [ueb bg^_cpZfbHgb `bebdZd bg^_cpub mf_jebdZd bg^_cpub gbdh]^Zg_ agZebqlh hgb [uebij_`^_ \k_]hex^vfb =eZ\Z h^ bg gZ ^p Zl Zy Y kgh\Z ihk_lbe^hgZ OmZgZfZy ]h^Z b ijyfh kdZaZe _fmqlh yohl_e ijhgbdgmlv\ \b^_gb_Hg ihdZqZe ]heh\hc hljbpZl_evgh b aZkf_yekyb y ihqm\kl\h\Ze g_h[oh^bfhklv ijhl_klh\ZlvHg kdZaZefg_qlh y^he`_g [ulv l_ji_eb\ b[ueh g_ihôh^ys__\j_fygh ymijyfh gZklZb\Ze qlh y[ue ]hlh\ Hg g_dZaZeky jZa^jZ`_gguffhbfb ba\h^ysbfbijhkv[Zfb Hg klZjZekyl_f g_f_g__kf_gblv l_fmY g_ ih^^Zeky b ihijhkbe _]hihkh\_lh\Zlvqlh fg_^_eZlvqlh[u ij_h^he_lv fh_ g_l_ji_gb_ Lu ^he`_g^_ckl\h\ZlvdZd \hbgkdZaZe hg DZd" DZ`ûc mqblky^_ckl\h\ZlvdZd \hbg^_ckl\b_fZ g_ jZa]h\hjhf Lu ]h\hjbeqlh \hbg^mfZ_l hk\h_c kf_jlbY ^_eZx wlh \k_\j_fyghhq_\b^ghwlh]h g_^hklZlhqgh DZaZehkvqlh m g_]h \aju\g_l_ji_gbyb hg ^Z`_ aZqfhdZe ]m[ZfbY kdZaZe_fmqlh yg_ ohl_e_]h jZkk_j^blv b qlh_keb yg_ gm`_g_fm a^_kv\ _]h^hf_lh y ]hlh\ m_oZlv h[jZlgh\ Ehk:g^`_e_k>hg OmZgfy]dh ih]eZ^bef_gy ih kibg_b kdZaZeqlh yagZeqlh agZqbl[ulv \hbghf Qlh y^he`_g ^_eZlvqlh[u `blvdZd \hbg"kijhkbe y Hg kgyereyim bihq_kZe \bkdbHg ijbklZevghihkfhlj_e gZ f_gyb meu[gmeky Lu ex[brv\k_\ujZ`_ggh_ \keh\Zog_ lZdeb" Fh_ khagZgb_jZ[hlZ_l lZdbfiml_f Hgh g_^he`gh lZdjZ[hlZlv Y g_agZxdZd baf_gblvky<hl ihq_fmy ijhrm l_[y jZkkdZaZlv fg_ lhqghqlh gm`gh^_eZlvqlh[u `blvdZd \hbg_keb [uy agZewlhy fh][u gZclbkihkh[ ijbkihkh [blvky dwlhfm Hg^he`gh [ulvih^mfZeqlh fh_aZy\e_gb_ aZ[Z\gh b ^he]h ohohlZeoehiZy f_gyih kibg_ M f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hqlh hgkh[bjZ_lky ihijhkblv f_gy m_oZlv \ ex[mx fbgmlmihwlhfm y [ukljh k_e gZ fhc khehf_gguc fZl ebphf dg_fm bgZqZe aZ^Z\Zlv \hijhkuY ohl_e agZlvihq_fm y^he`_g `^Zlv Hg h[tykgbeqlh _keb y [m^m iulZlvky \b^_lv [_kihjy^hqguf h[jZahfij_`^_q_f aZe_qm jZgudhlhju_ y ihemqbe \[bl\_ khkljZ`_ffh]eh kemqblvkyqlh y \klj_qm kljZ`Z kgh\Z^Z`_ ohly yb g_h`b^Ze wlh]h>hg OmZg aZ\_jbe f_gyqlh gbdlh\ lZdhfiheh`_gbb g_[ue [ukihkh[_g i_j_g_klb lZdmx\klj_qm Lu ^he`_gkh\_jr_ggh aZ[ulvkljZ`Zij_`^_ q_f lu fh`_rv kgh\Z\klmiblv gZihbkd \b ^_ gb ykdZaZe hg DZd fh`_ldlhgb[m^v aZ[ulvkljZ`Z" Lu gZqZemqblvky imlyffZ]h\Lu g_ bf__rv [hevr_ \j_f_gb êyhlklmie_gbc bebêy kh`Ze_gbcM l_[y_klv \j_fy lhevdh êy lh]hqlh[u `blvdZd \hbgb jZ[hlZlv êy ^hklb`_gby l_ji_gbyb \hebgjZ\blky l_[_wlh bebg_l DZd \hbgjZ[hlZ_l jZ^bgbo" >hg OmZgaZ^mfZeky i_j_^hl\_lhf Y ^mfZxqlh g_limlb ]h\hjblvh[ wlhfkdZaZe hg gZdhg_phkh[_ggh h \he_<hey wlh g_qlh \_kvfZ hkh[_ggh_HgZ ihy\ey_lkyaZ]Z^hqghG_l j_Zevgh]h kihkh[Z jZkkdZaZlvdZd __bkihevamxldjhf_ lh]hqlh j_amevlZlu bkihevah\Zgby \hebihjZabl_evguFh`_l [ulvi_j\hc \_svx qlh gm`gh ^_eZlvwlh agZlvqlh \hexfh`gh jZa\blv<hbg agZ_l wlhb ijh^he`Z_l`^Zlv \hexL\hy hrb[dZ\ lhfqlh lu g_ agZ_rvqlh luh`b^Z_rv k\hx\hex Fhc [_g_nZdlhj]h\hjbeqlh \hbgagZ_lqlh hg`^_lb agZ_lq_]h hg `^_l< l\h_fkemqZ_qlh agZ_rvqlh lu `^_rvlu [uea^_kv khfghc ]hûb \k_`_ lu g_ agZ_rv q_]h lu `^_rvHq_gv ljm^gh_keb g_ g_\hafh`ghêy kj_^g_]h q_eh\_dZ agZlvq_]h hg`^_l<hbgh^gZdhg_ bf__l ijh[e_fhg agZ_lqlh hg`^_l k\hx\hex Q_f lhqgh y\ey_lky\hey"Mklj_fe_gghklv eb wlh ih^h[gh mklj_fe_gghklbl\h_]h \gmdZExkbh bf_lvfhlhpbde" G_lkdZaZe ^hgOmZg fy]dhb mkf_ogm\rbkvwlh g_ \heyExkbh lhevdhij_^Z_lky m^h\hevkl\bx<hey wlh g_qlh ^jm]h_g_qlh hq_gvykgh_ bfhsgh_qlh fh`_l gZijZ\eylv gZrb ihklmidb<hey wlh g_qlh lZdh_qlh bkihevam_l q_eh\_dgZijbf_jqlh[u \ub]jZlv[bl\mdhlhjmx hgih \k_f jZkq_lZf^he`_g [uijhb]jZlv Lh]^Z \hey^he`gh [ulvlhqlh fu gZau\Z_f fm`_kl\hfkdZaZe y G_lFm`_kl\h wlh g_qlh^jm]h_Fm`_kl\_ggu_ ex^b wlh aZ\bkbfu_ ex^b[eZ]hjh^gu_ ex^bba ]h^Z \ ]h^ hdjm`_ggu_ ex^vfbdhlhju_ lheiylky\hdjm] gbob \hkobsZxlky bfbh^gZdhhq_gv fZehfm`_kl\_gguo ex^_c bf_xl \hex H[uqgh hgb[_kkljZrgu bhq_gv kihkh[gud kh\_jr_gbx kf_euo ihklmidh\hl\_qZxsbo a^jZ\hfm kfukem[hevr_c qZklvx fm`_kl\_gguc q_eh\_dlZd`_ \gmrZ_lb kljZo<heyk ^jm]hc klhjhgubf__l ^_eh k ihjZabl_evgufb aZ^ZqZfbdhlhju_ ih[_`^Zxl gZra^jZ\uc kfuke Y\ey_lky eb \heydhgljhe_fdhlhjuc fu bf__f gZ^ kZfbfb kh[hc"kijhkbe y Lu fh`_rvkdZaZlvqlh wlhjZagh\b^ghklv dhgljhey Lu ^mfZ_rvqlh yfh]m mijZ`gylvk\hx \hexgZijbf_j hldZau\Zy k_[_\ g_dhlhjuo\_sZo" < lZdbodZd aZ^Z\Zgb_\hijhkh\"\klZ\be hg Hg kdZaZewlh \lZdhf hahjghflhg_qlh yhklZgh\beky qlh[u \a]eygmlvgZ g_]hFu h[ZaZkf_yebkv G_lkdZaZe hghldZau\Zlv k_[_\ q_feb[h wlh ihlZdZgb_ k_[_b yg_ kh\_lmxgbq_]h ih^h[gh]h< wlhf ijbqbgZihq_fm yiha\heyx l_[_aZ^Z\Zlv \k_\hijhkudZdb_ lu ohq_rv ?keb [uy kdZaZel_[_ ij_djZlblvaZ^Z\Zlv \hijhkulh lu fh][u ihjZgblvk\hx \hexiulZykv k^_eZlvwlhIhlZdZgb_ k_[_ ijb hldZa_\ q_flh gZfgh]hom`_hgh aZklZ\ey_l gZk \_jblvqlh fukh\_jrZ_f \_ebdh_^_eh \lh \j_fydZd\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbfu ijhklhaZklueb \gmljbk_[yI_j_klZlv aZ^Z\Zlv \hijhkuwlh g_\heyh dhlhjhcy ]h\hjx<hey wlh kbeZB ihkdhevdmwlh kbeZlh ^he`gZ[ulv dhgljhebjm_ fhc b gZkljh_gghcZ wlhlj_[m_l \j_f_gbY agZxwlhb y l_ji_eb\ klh[hcDh]^Z y[ue \l\h_f \hajZkl_y [uelZd`_ bfimevkb\_gdZd b luH^gZdhy baf_gbekyGZrZ \hey ^_ckl\m_l g_aZ\bkbfh hlgZr_]h ihlZdZgby k_[_GZijbf_j l\hy \heym`_ ijbhldju\Z_ll\hc ijhk\_lfZehihfZem H dZdhfijhk\_l_ lu]h\hjbrv" < gZk_klv ijhk\_lih^h[gh fy]dhfmf_klm gZ ]heh\_ j_[_gdZdhlhjh_ aZdju\Z_lky k \hajZklhfwlhl ijhk\_l hldju\Z_lkydh]^Z jZa\b\Z_rvk\hx \hex =^_ wlhlijhk\_l" < f_kl_ l\hbo k\_lysboky\hehdhgkdZaZe hg ihdZau\Zy gZk\hx [jxrgmxihehklv Q_fm hgih^h[_g">ey q_]hhg" Wlh hl\_jklb_Hgh ^Z_lf_klh êy\hebqlh[u lZ fh]eZ \ue_l_lvih^h[gh klj_e_ <hey wlh ij_^f_l"Beb ih^h[gZij_^f_lm" G_lY ijhklhkdZaZeqlh[u lufh] ihgylvLhqlh fZ] gZau\Z_l \he_c_klv kbeZ\gmljb gZk kZfboWlh g_ fukevg_ ij_^f_lg_ `_eZgb_I_j_klZlv aZ^Z\Zlv\hijhku wlh g_y\ey_lky \he_cihlhfm qlhêy wlh]hgm`gh ^mfZlv b ohl_lv<hey wlh lhqlh aZklZ\ey_ll_[y ih[_`^Zlvdh]^Z l\hb fukeb]h\hjyl l_[_qlh luih[_`^_g<hey wlh lhqlh ^_eZ_l l_[y g_mya\bfuf<hey wlh lhqlh iha\hey_l fZ]m ijhoh^blv kd\havkl_gmq_j_a ijhkljZgkl\hgZ emgm_keb hg ohq_l Y gbq_]h [hevr_g_ ohl_ekijZrb\ZlvY [uemklZeuc b g_kdhevdh gZijy`_gY [hyekyqlh ^hg OmZg kh[bjZ_lky ihijhkblv f_gymclbb wlhjZa^jZ`Zeh f_gy Ihc^_f gZohefukdZaZe hgg_h`b^Zggh b\klZe Ih imlbhg kgh\ZgZqZe ]h\hjblvh \he_b kf_ylvky gZ^ fhbf aZf_rZl_evkl\hfbaaZ lh]hqlh yg_ fh]aZibku\Zlv gZ oh^mHg hibkZe\hexdZd kbemdhlhjZy [ueZbklbgguf a\_ghf f_`^m ex^vfbb fbjhfHg hq_gvlsZl_evgh hlf_lbeqlh fbj wlh lhqlh fuhsmsZ_fdZdbf [ukihkh[hf fugb ^_eZebwlh >hg OmZg ih^q_jdgmeqlh hsms_gb_fbjZ aZdexqZ_l \ k_[_ ijhp_kk \hkijbylby\k_]h lh]hqlh ij_^klZ_li_j_^ gZfbWlh hij_^_e_ggh_ hsms_gb_kh\_jrZ_lky gZrbfbqm\kl\Zfb bgZr_c \he_c Y kijhkbe _]hg_ [ueZeb \heyr_kluf qm\kl\hfHg kdZaZeqlh hgZkdhj__hlghr_gb_ f_`^m gZfb kZfbfb b hsmsZ_fuf fbjhf Y ij_êh`beqlh[u fuhklZgh\bebkvqlh[u yfh] k^_eZlv aZf_ldb \[ehdghl_gh hgaZkf_yeky bijh^he`Ze b^lb Wlhc ghqvx hg hklZ\bef_gy kkh[hc ghq_\ZlvZ gZ ke_^mxsbc ^_gvihke_ aZ\ljZdZhg kZfih^gye jZa]h\hjh \he_ Lhqlh lukZf gZau\Z_rv\he_cwlh oZjZdl_j b kbevgh_ klj_fe_gb_kdZaZe hgLhqlh fZ] gZau\Z_l \he_c_klv kbeZdhlhjZy \uoh^blbagmljb bijb\yau\Z_l d \g_rg_fm fbjmHgZ \uoh^blq_j_a `b\hlijyfh a^_kv]^_ gZoh^ylky k\_lysb_ky\hehdgZ Hg ihl_jk\hc imihdmdZau\Zy f_klh Y ]h\hjxqlh hgZ \uoh^bl hlkx^Zihlhfm qlh qm\kl\m_rv __\uoh^ys_c Ihq_fm lugZau\Z_rv wlh\he_c Y gZau\Zx__ gbdZdFhc [_g_nZdlhjgZau\Ze __\he_c" <q_jZ lukdZaZeqlh fh`ghhsmsZlv fbjdZd qm\kl\Zfb lZd b\he_cDZd wlh\hafh`gh" Kj_^gbc q_eh\_dfh`_l ko\Zlblv\_sb fbjZ lhevdh k\hbfb jmdZfb]eZaZfb bebmrZfbgh fZ]fh`_l ko\Zlu\Zlvbo lZd`_ k\hbf ghkhfyaudhf bebk\h_c \he_chkh[_ggh k\h_c \he_cY g_fh]m j_ZevghhibkZlv wlhdZd ^_eZ_lkygh lu kZfgZijbf_jg_ fh`_rvhibkZlv fg_dZd lukeurbrvLZd kemqZ_lkyqlh y lh`_ fh]m keurZlvihwlhfm fu fh`_f ]h\hjblv h lhfqlh fukeurbfZ g_h lhfdZd fu keurbf FZ] bkihevam_l k\hx \hex êylh]hqlh[u hsmsZlv fbj H^gZdhwlh hsms_gb_g_ ihoh`_gZ keurZgb_Dh]^Z fukfhljbf gZ fbj bebdh]^Z fukemrZ_f _]hfu ihemqZ_f \i_qZle_gb_ qlh hg\g_ gZkb qlhhg j_Ze_gDh]^Z fuhsmsZ_f fbj gZr_c \he_cfu agZ_fqlh hgg_ lZdhcdZd \g_ gZkb fbj g_ lZd j_Ze_gdZd fu^mfZ_f Y\ey_lky eb \hey l_f `_ kZfufqlh b \ b^ _g b_ " G_l\hey wlh kbeZwg_j]by< b^ _g b_ wlh g_ kbeZghkdhj__kihkh[ ijhoh`^_gbykd\hav \_sbFZ] fh`_l bf_lv hq_gv kbevgmx\hexgh hg\k_ `_fh`_l g_ \ b^ _l vqlh hagZqZ_lqlh lhevdh q_eh\_d agZgby hsmsZ_l fbj k\hbfbqm\kl\Zfb bk\h_c \he_cZ lZd`_ k\hbf \ b^ _g b_ f Y kdZaZe_fmqlh y_s_ [hevr_kfms_gq_f lh]^Zijb jZa]h\hj_ h lhfdZd bkihevah\Zlvfhx \hexqlh[u aZ[ulv kljZ`ZWlh aZy\e_gb_b fh_g_^hmf_gb_dZaehkvjZa\_k_ebeb _]h Y m`_]h\hjbe l_[_qlhdh]^Z lu]h\hjbrvlu lhevdh aZimlu\Z_rvkykdZaZe hgb aZkf_yekyGhih djZcg_c f_j_l_i_jv luagZ_rvqlh lu`^_rv k\hx\hexGh lu \k_ _s_ g_ agZ_rvqlh wlhlZdh_ bebdZd wlh fh`_l k lh[hc kemqblvkyIhwlhfm lsZl_evghke_^b aZl_fqlh lu ^_eZ_rv LZ kZfZy\_svdhlhjZy fh`_lihfhqv l_[_jZa\blv k\hx\hex gZoh^blky kj_^b\k_o f_edbo\_s_cdhlhju_ lu^_eZ_rv >hg OmZgmr_e gZ\k_ mljhhg \_jgmekyjZgh ihke_h[_^Z kh k\yadhc kmobojZkl_gbcHg ihdZaZefg_ ]heh\hc ihfhqv _fmb fu jZ[hlZeb \iheghf fheqZgbb g_kdhevdh qZkh\ khjlbjmy jZkl_gbyDh]^Z fudhgqbebfu k_ebhl^hogmlvb hg ^h[jh`_eZl_evgh meu[gmekyfg_ Y kdZaZe _fmhq_gv k_jv_aghqlh y i_j_qblu\Ze k\hb aZibkb bqlh ylZd bg_ fh]mihgylvqlh agZqbl[ulv \hbghf b qlhij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hcb^_y \heb <hey wlh g_b^_ykdZaZe hg Wlh [uei_j\uc jZadh]^Z hgjZa]h\Zjb\Ze khfghc p_euc ^_gv Ihke_ ^he]hciZmau hgijh^he`Ze Fu jZaebqgulu byGZrb oZjZdl_jug_ihoh`bL\hy ijbjh^Z [he__gZkbevkl\_ggZyq_f fhyDh]^Z y[ue \ l\h_f \hajZkl_y [ue g_ gZkbevkl\_ggufgh kdjhfguflu `_ gZh[hjhlFhc [_g_nZdlhj [ue lZdbf_]h [u iheghklvx mkljhbeh [ulvl\hbf mqbl_e_fHg [ue\_ebdbf fZ]hfgh hgg_ \ b^ _e dZd \b `m ybeb \b ^b l O_gZjhY ihgbfZx fbjb `b\mjmdh\h^kl\mykv fhbf \b ^_ gb _f Fhc [_g_nZdlhjk ^jm]hcklhjhgu^he`_g [ue`blvdZd \hbg ?keb q_eh\_d \b ^b llh _fmgm`gh `blvdZd \hbgmbeb dZd q_fmgb[m^v _s_lZd dZdhg fh`_l \b ^_ lv \_sb lZdbfbdZdb_ hgb_klv \^_ckl\bl_evghklbb khhl\_lkl\_ggh gZijZ\eylv k\hx `bagvGhijbgbfZy \h \gbfZgb_ l\hc oZjZdl_jy kdZaZe[uqlh lufh`_rv gbdh]^Zg_ gZmqblvky \ b^ _l v\ lZdhfkemqZ_ l_[_ijb^_lky ijh`blv \kx k\hx `bagvdZd \hbgm Fhc [_g_nZdlhj]h\hjbeqlh q_eh\_d\klmib\rbc gZimlv fZ]bbihkl_i_ggh gZqbgZ_lhkhagZ\Zlvqlh h[uqgZy `bagv gZ\k_]^Z hklZ\e_gZihaZ^bqlh agZgb_\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb wlh im]Zxs__ im]Zehqlh kj_^kl\Zh[uqgh]h fbjZ[hevr_ g_ [m^ml kj_^kl\Zfbêy g_]hb qlhhg ^he`_gijbkihkh[blvky d gh\hfm h[jZam`bagb_keb hgkh[bjZ_lky \u`blvI_j\Zy \_sv dhlhjmx _fmgZ^h k^_eZlvwlh aZohl_lvklZlv \hbghfwlh hq_gv \Z`guc rZ] bj_r_gb_Im]ZxsZy ijbjh^Z agZgby g_ hklZ\ey_l gbdZdhcZevl_jgZlb\u lhevdh klZlv\hbghf D lhfm \j_f_gb agZgb_klZgh\blky im]Zxsbf ^_ehfb q_eh\_d lZd`_ hkhagZ_lqlh kf_jlv y\ey_lky g_aZf_gbfuf iZjlg_jhfdhlhjuc kb^bl jy^hfk gbf gZ h^ghc pbgh\d_ DZ`^Zy dZieyagZgbydhlhjZy klZgh\blkykbehcbf__l k\h_c p_gljZevghc kbehckf_jlvKf_jlv ^_eZ_laZ\_jrZxsbc fZahdZ \k_qlh ljh]Z_lkykf_jlvx^_ckl\bl_evgh klZgh\blkykbehc Q_eh\_ddhlhjuc ke_^m_limlyfb fZ]bb\klj_qZ_lky k \hafh`ghklvx ihegh]hmgbqlh`_gby gZdZ`^hf ih\hjhl_imlbb h[yaZl_evghhg gZqbgZ_lhkljh hkhagZ\Zlvk\hx kf_jlv;_a hkhagZgby kf_jlb hg [m^_l lhevdh h[uqguf q_eh\_dhf ih]jyarbf \ h[uqguoihklmidZoM g_]h[m^_l hlkmlkl\h\Zlv g_h[oh^bfZy ihl_gpbyg_h[oh^bfZy dhgp_gljZpbydhlhjZy ij_h[jZam_l _]hh[uqgh_ \j_fygZ a_fe_\ \her_[gmxkbem LZdbf h[jZahfqlh[u [ulv\hbghfq_eh\_d ^he`_gij_`^_ \k_]hb ihijZ\mhkljh hkhagZ\Zlvk\hx kh[kl\_ggmxkf_jlv Gh dhgp_gljZpby gZ kf_jlb aZklZ\ey_l ex[h]h ba gZk nhdmkbjh\Zlvky gZ kZfhf k_[_Z wlh y\ey_lky kgb`_gb_f Ihwlhfmke_^mxsZy \_svdhlhjZy g_h[oh^bfZqlh[u klZlv \hbghfwlh hlj_r_gghklvFukev hg_fbgm_fhc kf_jlb\f_klh lh]hqlh[u klZlvij_iylkl\b_fklZgh\blky [_ajZaebqb_f >hg OmZg i_j_klZe ]h\hjblvb \a]eygmegZ f_gyHg dZaZehkvh`b^Ze aZf_qZgbc Lu ihgbfZ_rv"kijhkbe hg Y ihgbfZe lhqlh hg]h\hjbegh y ebqgh g_ fh] m\b^_lvdZd dlheb[h fh`_lijbclb dqm\kl\m hlj_r_gghklbY kdZaZeqlh klhqdb aj_gbyfh_]h kh[kl\_ggh]hmq_gbq_kl\Zy m`_ i_j_`be fhf_gldh]^Z agZgb_ klZgh\blky lZdbf mkljZrZxsbf ^_ehfY fh]lZd`_ ijZ\^b\h kdZaZlvqlh y [hevr_ g_ gZoh^be ih^^_j`db \ h[uqguo aZgylbyo fh_c ih\k_^g_\ghc `bagbB yohl_ebebfh`_l [ulv^Z`_ [he__ q_f ohl_ey gm`^Zeky\ lhfqlh[u `blvdZd \hbg L_i_jv lu^he`_g hlj_rblvkykdZaZe hg Hl q_]h" Hlj_rblvky hl\k_]h Wlh g_\hafh`ghY g_ohqm [ulvhlr_evgbdhf ;ulv hlr_evgbdhfwlh ihlZdZgb_k_[_b ygbdh]^Z g_ bf_e wlh]h \ \b^mHlr_evgbd g_hlj_r_glZd dZd hg ih k\h_fm `_eZgbx ihdb^Z_l kZfh]h k_[yqlh[u klZlv hlr_evgbdhf Lhevdh fukev h kf_jlb ^_eZ_l q_eh\_dZ ^hklZlhqgh hlj_r_gguflZd qlhhg g_fh`_l hldZaZlvk_[_ \ q_feb[h Q_eh\_d lZdh]hkhjlZh^gZdhg_ fm^jkl\m_lihlhfm qlh hg ijbh[j_e fheqZeb\mxkljZklv d`bagb bdh \k_f\_sZf \`bagb Hg agZ_lqlh _]hkf_jlv ih^]hgy_l_]h bg_ ^Zkl_fm \j_f_gb ijbebigmlv d q_fmeb[hihwlhfm hg bkiulu\Z_l[_a fm^jkl\h\Zgbc\k_ h[h\k_f Hlj_r_gguc q_eh\_ddhlhjuc agZ_lqlh hg g_ bf__l gbdZdhc \hafh`ghklbhl[blvky hlk\h_c kf_jlbbf__l lhevdh h^gm \_svqlh[u ih^^_j`b\Zlvk_[y kbem k\h_]hj_r_gbyHg ^he`_g [ulvlZd kdZaZlvfZkl_jhf k\h_]h\u[hjZHg ^he`_g iheghklvx ihgbfZlvqlh hgkZf iheghklvxhl\_qZ_l aZ k\hc \u[hjb _kebhg h^gZ`ûk^_eZe _]hlh mg_]h g_l [hevr_ \j_f_gb êy kh`Ze_gbc beb mdhjh\ k_[y?]h j_r_gby hdhgqZl_evgu ijhklh ihlhfmqlh _]hkf_jlv g_ ^Z_l _fm \j_f_gb ijbebigmlvd q_fmgb[m^v BlZdbf h[jZahfk hkhagZgb_fk\h_c kf_jlbk\h_c hlj_r_gghklvx b kbehc k\hboj_r_gbc \hbg jZaf_qZ_l k\hx `bagv kljZl_]bq_kdbf h[jZahfAgZgb_ hk\h_c kf_jlb \_^_l _]h b^_eZ_l _]hhlj_r_gguf bfheqZeb\h kljZ`^msbfkbeZ _]h hdhgqZl_evguo j_r_gbc ^_eZ_l _]hkihkh[guf \u[bjZlv [_a kh`Ze_gbcb lhqlh hg\u[bjZ_lkljZl_]bq_kdb \k_]^ZkZfh_ emqr__b ihwlhfmhg \uihegy_l\k_ kh\dmkhf b kljZklghc wnn_dlb\ghklvx Dh]^Z q_eh\_d \_^_l k_[y lZdbf h[jZahflh fh`gh kijZ\_êb\h kdZaZlvqlh hg\hbg bqlh hg^hklb] l_ji_gby >hg OmZg kijhkbe f_gyg_ ohqm eb y q_]hgb[m^v kdZaZlvb y aZf_lbeqlh aZ^ZqZdhlhjmx hg hibkZe hlgbfZ_l \kx `bagvHg kdZaZeqlh y kebrdhf fgh]h ijhl_klh\Ze _fmb hgagZeqlh y\_e k_[ybebih djZcg_c f_j_klZjZeky \_klb k_[ygZ yaud_ \hbgZ \ fh_c ih\k_^g_\ghc `bagb M l_[y^hklZlhqgh ohjhrb_dh]lbkdZaZe hgkf_ykv IhdZau\Zc bofg_ \j_fyhl \j_f_gbWlh ohjhrZyijZdlbdZ Y k^_eZe `_kl gZih^h[b_ dh]l_c b aZjuqZeb hg aZkf_yekyAZl_f hghldZreyeky bijh^he`Ze Dh]^Z \hbg^hklb] l_ji_gbylh hggZ imlb d k\h_c \he_Hg agZ_ldZd `^Zlv?]h kf_jlvkb^bl jy^hfk gbf gZ _]h pbgh\d_hgb ^jmavy?]h kf_jlv aZ]Z^hqguf h[jZahf kh\_lm_l _fmdZd \u[bjZlvdZd `blvkljZl_]bq_kdbB \hbg `^_lY [ukdZaZeqlh \hbgmqblky [_a\kydhc ki_rdbihlhfm qlh hgagZ_lqlh hg`^_l k\hx\hexb h^gZ`ûhg ^h[v_lky mki_oZ \ \uiheg_gbb q_]heb[hqlh h[uqgh kh\_jr_ggh g_\hafh`gh \uihegblvHg fh`_l^Z`_ g_ aZf_lblv k\h_]h g_h[uqgh]h ihklmidZGh ihf_j_ lh]hdZd hg ijh^he`Z_l kh\_jrZlv g_h[uqgu_ ihklmidbbeb ih f_j_ lh]hdZd g_h[uqgu_ \_sb ijh^he`Zxl kemqZlvkyk gbfhg gZqbgZ_l hkhagZ\Zlvqlh ijhy\ey_lky dZdh]hlh jh^Z kbeZKbeZ dhlhjZy bkoh^bl ba _]h l_eZih f_j_ lh]hdZd hg ijh^\b]Z_lky ih imlb agZgbyKgZqZeZ hgZih^h[gZ am^m \ `b\hl_beb l_iehfmf_klmdhlhjh_ g_evaymkihdhblvaZl_f wlh klZgh\blky [hevx[hevrbf g_m^h[kl\hfBgh]^Z [hev b g_m^h[kl\h lZd \_ebdbqlh m\hbgZ [u\Zxl dhg\mevkbb \ l_q_gb_ f_kyp_\bq_f kbevg__dhg\mevkbbl_f emqr_ êy g_]hHlebqghc \he_\k_]^Z ij_^r_kl\m_lkbevgZy [hev Dh]^Z dhg\mevkbb bkq_aZxl\hbg aZf_qZ_lqlh m g_]h ihy\behkv kljZggh_qm\kl\h hlghkbl_evgh\_s_cHg aZf_qZ_l qlh hg fh`_lnZdlbq_kdbljh]Zlv \k_qlh hg ohq_ll_f qm\kl\hfdhlhjh_ bkoh^blba _]hl_eZba lhqdbgZoh^ys_c ijyfh ih^beb ijyfhgZ^ imidhfWlh qm\kl\h_klv \heyb dh]^Z hg kihkh[_g ko\Zlu\Zlvkybflh fh`gh kijZ\_êb\h kdZaZlvqlh \hbgfZ] bqlh hg^hklb] \heb >hg OmZghklZgh\beky bdZaZehkv`^Ze fhbo aZf_qZgbc beb \hijhkh\Fg_ g_q_]h[ueh kdZaZlvY [uekebrdhf aZgyl fukevxqlh fZ]^he`_g bkiulu\Zlv[hev bdhg\mevkbbgh fg_ [ueh g_m^h[gh kijZrb\Zlv_]h^he`_g eby lZd`_ ijhoh^blv q_j_a wlhGZdhg_pihke_ ^he]h]hfheqZgby ykijhkbe _]hb hg jZkkf_yekydZd [m^lhhg `^Zefh_]h \hijhkZHg kdZaZe qlh [hevg_ [ueZZ[khexlgh g_h[oh^bfZhggZijbf_jgbdh]^Z g_ bf_e__b \heyijhklh ijbreZd g_fm H^gZ`û y[ue \]hjZokdZaZe hgb y gZldgmeky gZ imfmkZfdmhgZ [ueZ[hevrZy b]heh^gZyY ih[_`Zeb hgZ ih[_`ZeZaZ fghcY \e_agZ kdZemb hgZhklZgh\beZkv \ g_kdhevdbo nmlZo]hlh\Zy dgZiZ^_gbxY [jhkZedZfgyfb \ g__HgZ aZjuqZeZb kh[bjZeZkvZlZdh\Zlv f_gyB lh]^Z fhy \hey iheghklvx \ureZb yhklZgh\be __\he_c ^hlh]hdZd hgZ iju]gmeZ gZ f_gyY iheZkdZe __ k\h_c \he_cY ^_ckl\bl_evgh ihljh]Ze__ khkdb_xHgZ ihkfhlj_eZgZ f_gy khggufb ]eZaZfb b e_]eZZ yih[_`ZedZd kmdbg kug^h lh]hdZd hgZhijZ\beZkv >hg OmZgk^_eZe hq_gvdhfbqguc `_klqlh[u bah[jZablv q_eh\_dZdhlhjhfm ^hjh]Z`bagv[_]ms_]h bijb^_j`b\Zxs_]h k\hx reyim Y kdZaZe_fmqlh fg_g_eh\dh ^mfZlvqlh f_gyh`b^Zxl lhevdh kZfdb]hjguo ev\h\beb dhg\mevkbb_keb yohl_e \hex Fhc [_g_nZdlhj [ue fZ]hf k [hevrbfb kbeZfb ijh^he`Ze hgHg [ue\hbg ^hfha]Z dhkl_c?]h \hey[ueZ ^_ckl\bl_evgh_]h kZfufqm^_kguf ^hklb`_gb_fGh q_eh\_d fh`_l ihclb _s_ ^Zevr_wlh]h q_eh\_d fh`_l gZmqblvky \ b^ _l vIhke_ lh]hdZd hggZmqblky \b ^_ lv _fm g_ gm`gh [m^_l `blvdZd \hbgm beb [ulv fZ]hf GZmqb\rbkv \b ^_ lv q_eh\_d klZgh\blky \k_f [eZ]h^Zjy lhfmqlh hgklZgh\blky gbq_fHglZd kdZaZlv bkq_aZ_lbl_f g_f_g__hg a^_kvY [ukdZaZeqlh wlhlh \j_fydh]^Z q_eh\_dfh`_l [ulv\k_f bebihemqblv \k_qlh hg ih`_eZ_lGh hggbq_]h g_`_eZ_lb \f_klhlh]hqlh[u b]jZlv hdjm`Zxsbfb_]h ex^vfbdZd b]jmrdZfbhg \klj_qZ_lky k gbfb\ p_glj_bo ]emihklb?^bgkl\_ggZy jZagbpZf_`^m gbfb khklhbl \ lhfqlh q_eh\_ddhlhjuc \b ^b l dhgljhebjm_l k\hx]emihklv\ lh\j_fydZd hdjm`Zxsb_ _]h ex^b wlh]h g_ fh]mlQ_eh\_ddhlhjuc \b ^b lg_ bf__l [hevr_ Zdlb\gh]h bgl_j_kZ\ hdjm`Zxsbo _]h ex^yo < b^ _g b_ m`_hlj_rbeh _]hZ[khexlgh hl\k_]hqlh hg agZe ij_`^_ H^gZ ebrvfukev hkms_kl\_hlj_r_gghf hl\k_]hqlh y agZx\]hgy_l f_gy\ ^jh`v Lu ^he`gh[ulv rmlbrv<_svdhlhjZy \]hgy_ll_[y \ ^jh`vwlh g_bf_lv gbq_]hgZ qlhfh`gh [ueh[u kfhlj_lv \i_j_^bZ lhevdh\kx k\hx`bagv ^_eZlvlh `_kZfh_qlh lu ^_eZe jZgvr_Ih^mfZc hq_eh\_d_dhlhjuc ba]h^Z \]h^ k__l a_jgh^h l_oihjihdZ hgg_ klZgh\blkykebrdhf klZjuf b mklZeufqlh[u ih^gylvkyihwlhfm hg\Zey_lkydZd klZjZy kh[ZdZ?]h fukeb b qm\kl\Z emqr__ \ g_f iheaml [_kp_evgh d_^bgkl\_gghc \_sbdhlhjmx hgdh]^Zeb[h ^_eZe k_ylv a_jgh>ey f_gywlh kZfZyim]ZxsZy ljZlZ Fu ex^bb gZrZ km^v[Z wlh mqblvky b [ulv \h\e_dZ_fufb \g_hsmlbfu_ gh\u_fbju >_ckl\bl_evgh eb_klv dZdb_gb[m^v gh\u_ fbju êy gZk"kijhkbe yihemrmleb\h Fu g_ bkq_jiZeb gbq_]h]emi_pkdZaZe hg ih\_ebl_evgh\ b^ _g b_ wlhg_ êyf_ehqguo ex^_c GZkljZb\Zc k\hc ^mo l_i_jvklZgv \hbghfmqbkv \b ^ _l vb lh]^Zlu magZ_rvqlh g_ldhgpZ gh\uf fbjZf êy gZr_]h\hkijbylby =eZ\Z >hg OmZg g_hlijZ\be f_gyihke_ lh]hdZd y \uihegbe ihjmq_gbydZd hg ^_eZe g_^Z\ghHg kdZaZeqlh y fh] hklZlvkyb gZke_^mxsbc ^_gvbxgy ]h^ZdZd jZa i_j_^ ihem^g_fhg kdZaZefg_qlh[u y kh[bjZeky dmjblv kgh\Z Kh[bjZlvky ebfg_ kgh\Z \b ^_ lv kljZ`Z" G_l[_a wlh]h?klv g_qlh^jm]h_ >hg OmZg kihdhcgh gZihegbek\hx ljm[dm dmjbl_evghc kf_kvxaZ`_] __b ijhlygmefg_Y g_ hiZkZekyIjbylgZy khgeb\hklv kjZam`_ ho\ZlbeZf_gyDh]^Z ydhgqbe dmjblv\kx qZrdm kf_kb^hg OmZg\aye k\hxljm[dm bihfh] fg_ \klZlv Fu k_eb ebphf ^jm] d^jm]m gZ ^\_ khehf_ggu_ pbgh\db dhlhju_ hg iheh`begZ k_j_^bg_dhfgZluHg kdZaZeqlh fu ihc^_f gZ dhjhldmx ijh]medmb ij_êh`be fg_ ih]meylv ke_]dZ ih^lhedgm\f_gyY rZ]gmeb fhbgh]b ih^h]gmebkvY g_ ihqm\kl\h\ZegbdZdhc [hebdh]^Z fhbdhe_gb m^Zjbebkv h ihe>hg OmZg \ayef_gy aZjmdm bkgh\Z ih^lhedgme f_gy \klZlv gZgh]b Lu ^he`_gb^lbkdZaZe hgl_f `_kZfuf iml_f dZdbf lu \klZ\Ze^jm]hc jZaLu ^he`_g bkihevah\Zlv k\hx \hex YdZaZehkvijbebi da_fe_Y ihiulZekyrZ]gmlv ijZ\hc gh]hc bihqlb ihl_jyejZ\gh\_kb_>hg OmZgihfh] fg_ijZ\hc jmdhc ih^furdhcb ke_]dZlhedgme f_gy\i_j_^gh fhbgh]b g_ ^_j`Zeb f_gyb y[u miZeebphf_keb [u^hg OmZgg_ ko\Zlbe f_gy aZ jmdmb g_m^_j`Ze hliZ^_gbyHg ^_j`Ze f_gy ih^ ijZ\mx jmdmb gZdehgbed k_[_Y gbq_]hg_ fh]qm\kl\h\Zlv gh y[ue m\_j_gqlh fhy]heh\Z e_`ZeZgZ _]hie_q_y \b^_e dhfgZlm \ gZdehgghci_jki_dlb\_Hg ijhlZsbef_gy \ wlhf iheh`_gbb hdhehdjuevpZFu h[hreb_]h ^\Z`ûkZfuf ly`_euf h[jZahfgZdhg_py iheZ]Zxfhc \_kklZe lZdbf[hevrbfqlh hg [ue \ugm`^_ghimklblv f_gygZ a_fexY agZeqlh hg g_ fh] k^\bgmlvf_gyG_dhlhjuf h[jZahfdZd [m^lhqZklv f_gy gZf_j_ggh ohl_eZ klZlv ly`_ehcdZd k\bg_p>hg OmZg g_ ^_eZe gbdZdbo mkbebcqlh[u ih^gylvf_gyHg gZ f]gh\_gb_ \a]eygme gZf_gyy e_`ZegZ kibg_ebphf dg_fmY ihiulZeky meu[gmlvky _fmb hg aZkf_yekyaZl_f hg gZdehgbeky b ihoehiZe f_gyih `b\hlmM f_gy\hagbdeh g_h[uqgh_hsms_gb_ Hgh g_ [ueh[he_ag_gguf bebijbylgufbeb q_fgb[m^v _s_ qlh y fh] ^h^mfZlvWlh [uehkdhj__lheqdhf>hg OmZg gZqZe f_ê_ggh\jZsZlv f_gydjm]hfY gbq_]hg_ qm\kl\h\Ze y ij_îheh`beqlh hg\jZsZe f_gydjm]hf ihlhfmqlh fhc\b^ djuevpZ baf_gyeky \khhl\_lkl\bb k djm]h\ufb ^\b`_gbyfb Dh]^Z ^hgOmZg hklZ\bef_gy \iheh`_gbbdhlhjh_ hg ohl_e hg hlhr_e <klZgvijbdZaZe hgfg_ ih\_ebl_evgh<klZgvdZd lu ^_eZe wlh jZgvr_G_ aZgbfZcky imklydZfb \hdjm]Lu agZ_rvdZd \klZ\ZlvL_i_jv \klZgv Y gZklhcqb\h iulZeky \kihfgblv^_ckl\bydhlhju_ y \uihegye \lZdbo kemqZyogh yg_ fh]ykgh ^mfZlv[ueh lZd dZd [m^lh fhb fukebohl_eb k\h_]hg_kfhljy gZ lhdZd kbevgh ygb klZjZekydhgljhebjh\Zlv boGZdhg_pfg_ ijbreZ fukevqlh_keb ykdZ`m \klZxdZd y^_eZe jZgvr_y g_ij_f_ggh \klZgmY kdZaZe\klZx]jhfdh bhlq_leb\hgh gbq_]h g_kemqbehkv >hg OmZg ihkfhlj_egZ f_gyk y\gufg_m^h\hevkl\b_f b aZl_f ih\_ef_gy d^\_jbY e_`ZegZ e_\hf[hdm biheghklvx \b^_e ijhkljZgkl\h i_j_^_]h ^hfhfy [uekibghc d ^\_jb ihwlhfmdh]^Z hg h[hr_e \hdjm] f_gyy g_f_ê_ggh ij_îheh`beqlh hgmr_e \^hf >hg OmZgiha\Ze y]jhfdhgh hgg_ hl\_qZe M f_gy[ueh g_ij_h^hebfh_qm\kl\h [_kkbebyb hlqZygby Y ohl_e \klZlvY ]h\hjbe\klZlvkgh\Z b kgh\ZdZd [m^lh wlh[ueh fZ]bq_kdh_keh\hdhlhjh_ aZklZ\beh[u f_gy k^\bgmlvkyGbq_]h g_kemqbehkvY jZkkljhbekyb bkiulu\Ze jZa^jZ`_gb_Fg_ ohl_ehkv[blvky ]heh\hch ^\_jvb ieZdZlv Y ijh\h^be fmqbl_evgu_ fhf_glu\ dhlhju_ fg_ ohl_ehkv ^\b]Zlvky beb ]h\hjblvb yg_ fh]gb lh]hgb ^jm]h]hY [ue ^_ckl\bl_evhg_ih^\b`_giZjZebah\Zg >hg OmZgihfh]b fg_kmf_e ygZdhg_pijhfuqZlv >hg OmZg\_jgmeky bk_e i_j_^hfghckf_ykvHg kdZaZe qlh yklZe bkl_jbqgufb qlh\k_qlh yi_j_`b\Zeg_ bf_eh agZq_gbyHg ih^gye ]heh\m bihkfhlj_e ijyfh gZ f_gy kdZaZ\qlh gZf_gy gZiZeihahjguc kljZoHg \_e_efg_ g_ [_kihdhblvky L\hy `bagv mkeh`g_gZkdZaZe hgBa[Z\vky hl \k_]hqlh aZklZ\ey_ll_[y \uoh^blvfa k_[yHklZ\Zcky a^_kv b \gh\vijb\_^b k_[y\ ihjy^hd Hg iheh`befhx ]heh\mgZ a_fexHg rZ]gmeq_j_a f_gyb \k_qlh yfh] hsmlblvwlh rZjdZgv__]h kZg^Zebcdh]^Z hg moh^be Fhbf i_j\ufih[m`^_gb_f kgh\Z[ueh [_kihdhckl\hgh y g_ fh] kh[jZlv wg_j]bxqlh[u ijb\_klbk_[y \ ^_ckl\b_ <f_klh wlh]h yh[gZjm`be k_[yi_j_r_^rbf \ g_h[udgh\_ggh_ khklhygb_ ykghklb[hevrh_ qm\kl\he_]dhklb hdmlZehf_gyY agZedZdZy keh`ghklv [ueZ \fh_c `bagbWlh [ue fhc fZe_gvdbc fZevqbdY ohl_e [ulv_]h hlphf [hevr_q_f qlhgb[m^v _s_ gZ wlhc a_fe_Fg_ gjZ\beZkv fukev h nhjfbjh\Zgbb _]h oZjZdl_jZ bh lhfqlh y[u [jZe _]h \ iml_r_kl\by bmqbe [u_]h dZd `blvb \k_`_ y g_gZ\b^_e fukev h ih^qbg_gbb_]h fh_fm`bag_gghfm imlbgh wlh [ueh bf_ggh lhqlh y^he`_g [uek^_eZlvih^qbgblv _]h kbehc beb l_fjy^hf bkdmkguoZj]mf_glh\ bih\lhj_gbcdhlhju_ fu gZau\Z_f ihgbfZgb_f Y ^he`_g\udbgmlv _]hba ]heh\uih^mfZe yY g_ ^he`_g p_ieylvkyaZ g_]hY ^he`_ghk\h[h^blv _]h Fhb fukeb\ua\Zeb \hfg_ m`Zkgh_qm\kl\h f_eZgohebbY aZieZdZeFhb ]eZaZ gZihegbebkv ke_aZfb b \b^ djuevpZ jZkieueky<g_aZigh mf_gy ihy\beZkv [hevrZy ihlj_[ghklv \klZlv b m\b^_lv ^hgZOmZgZqlh[u h[tykgblv_fm h fh_f fZe_gvdhf fZevqbd_b ke_^mxs_c\_svxdhlhjmx yagZe[ueh lhqlh ykfhlj_e gZdjuevph klhyY ih\_jgmeky d nZkZ^m ^hfZ b gZr_e^hgZ OmZgZklhysbf i_j_^hfghcHq_\b^ghhg klhye a^_kvihaZ^b f_gy\k_ \j_fy Ohly yg_ qm\kl\h\Zek\hbo gh]y ^he`_g[ue ih^hclbd g_fmihlhfm qlh y ^\b]Zeky>hg OmZg ih^hr_e dh fg_ meu[Zykv bih^^_j`Ze f_gyih^ furdZfb?]h ebph[ueh hq_gv [ebadh dhfg_ Ohjhrhohjhrh jZ[hlZ_rvkdZaZe hgm[_`^Zxs_ < wlh f]gh\_gb_ yhkhagZeqlh qlhlh qj_a\uqZcgh_ kemqbehkv ijyfh a^_kvKgZqZeZ mf_gy [uehqm\kl\hqlh y lhevdh qlh \kihfgbe kh[ulb_dhlhjh_ kemqbehkv ]h^Zfb jZgvr_H^gZ`û \ijhrehf y\b^_e ^hgZOmZgZ hq_gv[ebadhy dmjbe _]hkf_kvb mf_gy [uehqm\kl\h lh]^Zqlh ebph^hgZ OmZgZ ih]jmabehkv \ [Zd k\h^hcHgh [ueh h]jhfguf b k\_lysbfky b^\b]ZehkvBah[jZ`_gb_ [uehlZdbf g_^he]bfqlh y g_ bf_e\j_f_gb khojZgblv_]hGZ wlhljZah^gZdh^hg OmZg ^_j`Zef_gyb mf_gy [ueh\j_fy jZkkfhlj_lv_]hDh]^Z y \klZe bih\_jgmekylh yhij_^_e_ggh \b^_e ^hgZ OmZgZ ^hg OmZgdhlhjh]h yagZxhij_^_e_ggh ih^hr_edh fg_ b ^_j`Ze f_gyGhdh]^Z yknhdmkbjh\Ze ]eZaZgZ _]hebp_y g_ m\b^_e ^hgZOmZgZ lZddZd yijb\ud _]h\b^_lv\f_klh wlh]h ym\b^_e [hevrhcij_^f_l i_j_^k\hbfb ]eZaZfbY agZe qlh wlh [uehebphf ^hgZOmZgZgh\k_ `_wlh agZgb_ g_ jmdh\h^beh fhbf \hkijbylb_fwlh [uehkdhj__eh]bq_kdh_ aZdexq_gb_ k fh_c klhjhgub \dhgp_ dhgph\fhy iZfylv ih^l\_j^beZ wlh f]gh\_gb_fjZgvr_^hg OmZgdhlhjh]h y agZx^_j`Ze f_gy ih^ furdZfbIhwlhfm g_h[uqguc k\_lysbcky ij_^f_lgZijhlb\ f_gy^he`_g [ue[ulv ebphf^hgZ OmZgZwlh [ueh[ebadh dwlhfmghh^gZdhwlh g_ihoh^beh gZ lhqlh yfh] [ugZa\Zlv gZklhysbfebphf ^hgZ OmZgZ LhgZ qlhy kfhlj_e[ueh djm]eufij_^f_lhfdhlhjuc bf_e k\h_ kh[kl\_ggh_k\_q_gb_DZ`^Zy qZklv\ g_f^\b]ZeZkvY hsmsZe k^_j`Zggh_\heghh[jZagh_jblfbq_kdh_ l_q_gb_wlh [uehdZd [m^lhl_dmq_klv aZdexqZeZkv\gmljb g_]h kZfh]h gbdh]^Z g_ ^\b]Zykv aZ_]h ij_^_eZfbb\k_ `_h[t_dl i_j_^ fhbfb]eZaZfb f_ê_gghl_d ^\b`_gb_f\ ex[hff_kl_ _]h ih\_joghklbFg_ ijbreZ fukevqlh wlh f_ê_ggh l_dmsZy `bagv< ^_ckl\bl_evghklbwlh [uehlZdbf `b\ufqlh [ue ih]ehs_g jZkkfZljb\Zgb_f wlh]h ^\b`_gbyWlh [ueh ]bighlbabjmxsbf \heg_gb_fHgh \k_[hevr_ b[hevr_ ih]ehsZeh f_gy ^h l_o ihjihdZ yg_ fh][hevr_ jZaebqZlvqlh aZ n_ghf_g [uei_j_^ fhbfb]eZaZfb Y i_j_`be \g_aZiguclheqhdk\_lysbcky ij_^f_l klZe g_ykgufdZd [m^lhqlhlh \hegh\Zeh_]hb aZl_fhg ihl_jye k\h_ k\_q_gb_ bklZe iehlgufb lheklufB aZl_f y m\b^_e agZdhfh_ l_fgh_ebph ^hgZOmZgZHg kihdhcghmeu[Zeky<b^ _]h gZklhys_]hebpZ khojZgyekyf]gh\_gb_Z aZl_f ebph kgh\Z ijbh[j_ehk\_q_gb_[e_kd bi_j_eb\qZlhklvWlh [ueg_ k\_ldZdbf y ijb\udhsmsZlv k\_lb ^Z`_ g_ k\_q_gb_ kdhj__wlh [ueh^\b`_gb_g_ijZ\^hih^h[gh [ukljh_f_jpZgb_ q_]hlhK\_lysbcky ij_^f_lgZqZe ih^kdZdb\Zlv\\_jo b\gba kgh\Zb wlhjZajmrZeh _]h\heghh[jZagmx p_ehklghklv?]h k\_q_gb_ mf_gvrZehkv dZd[u lheqdZfb^h l_oihjihdZ hg kgh\Z g_ klZeiehlgufebphf ^hgZOmZgZlZdbfdZdbf y \b^_e _]h \h[uqghc `bagb< wlhlfhf_gl y g_hij_^_e_ggh ihgyeqlh ^hgOmZg ljykf_gyHg lZd`_]h\hjbe fg_qlhlh Y g_ihgbfZeqlh hg]h\hjblgh lZddZd hgijh^he`Ze ljyklb f_gyygZdhg_pmkeurZe _]h G_ kfhljbgZ f_gyG_ kfhljbgZ f_gyijh^he`Ze hg ]h\hjblvM[_jb k\hc\a]ey^M[_jb k\hc\a]eyÎ_j_\_^b k\hb ]eZaZ LjykdZ fh_]hl_eZdZaZehkvaZklZ\beZ f_gym[jZlv k\hc ihklhygguc ijbklZevguc \a]ey^hq_\b^ghdh]^Z y g_ \kfZljb\Zeky \gbfZl_evgh \ ebph^hgZ OmZgZy g_ \b^_e k\_lys_]hky ij_^f_lZDh]^Z yhl\_e k\hb]eZaZ hl_]h ebpZb \b^_e wlh m]hedhffh_]h ]eZaZlZd kdZaZlvy fh] hsmsZlv _]h iehlghklvlh _klvy fh]hsmsZlv lj_of_jgh]h q_eh\_dZ g_ kfhljy^_ckl\bl_evgh gZg_]hy fh]nZdlbq_kdbhsmsZlv \k_ _]h l_ehgh dh]^Zy nhdmkbjh\Ze k\hc ijbklZevguc \a]eyêbph _]hklZgh\behkv kjZamk\_lysbfky ij_^f_lhf G_ kfhljbgZ f_gy\hh[s_kdZaZe ^hgOmZg k_jv_agh Y hl\_e]eZaZ bihkfhlj_e gZa_fex G_ nbdkbjmck\hc \a]ey^gb gZq_fih\_ebl_evgh kdZaZe ^hgOmZg brZ]gme \klhjhgmqlh[u ihfhqvfg_ b^lb Y g_ qm\kl\h\Ze k\hbo gh]b g_fh] ihgylvdZd y \uihegye ^\b`_gbyh^gZdhk ihfhsvx^hgZ OmZgZdhlhjuc ^_j`Ze f_gyih^ furdmfu ijhreb\_kv imlvd aZ^g_cklhjhg_ _]h ^hfZFu hklZgh\bebkvm dZgZ\u L_i_jv kfhljbgZ \h^mijbdZaZe fg_^hg OmZg Y ihkfhlj_e gZ \h^mgh g_fh] \]ey^_lvky \ g__ Ihq_fmlh ^\b`gb_ l_q_gby hl\e_dZeh f_gy>hg OmZg gZklhcqb\h m[_`^Ze f_gy \rmleb\hc fZg_j_ mijZ`gylv fh_ \]eyû\Zgb_ kbeugh y g_ fh] khkj_^hlhqblvkyY ijbklZevgh ihkfhlj_egZ ebph^hgZ OmZgZ_s_ jZagh k\_q_gb_ g_ klZgh\behkvhq_\b^guf kdhevdhgb[m^v [hevr_ Y gZqZebkiulu\Zlv g_h[uqgucam^ gZfh_f l_e_hsms_gb_ qe_gh\dhlhju_ aZkgmebfmkdmeu fhbo gh] gZqZeb ih^_j]b\Zlvky>hg OmZgklhedgme f_gy\ \h^mb ymiZe gZ ^ghHgih\b^bfhfm^_j`Ze fhxijZ\mx jmdmdh]^Z lhedZe f_gyb dh]^Z ym^Zjbeky hf_edh_ ^ghhg \ulygme f_gy hiylv Fg_ ihlj_[h\Zehkv^he]h_ \j_fyqlh[u ^hklbqvdhgljhey gZ^ kh[hcDh]^Z fu\_jgmebkv q_j_ag_kdhevdh qZkh\d _]h ^hfmy ihijhkbe _]hh[tykgblv fh_i_j_`b\Zgb_Dh]^Z y h^_eky \ kmomxh^_`^my \ha[m`^_gghhibkZe _fmlhqlh y hsmsZegh hghl[jhkbe \_kvfhc hlq_lkdZaZ\qlh \wlhf g_ [ueh gbq_]h\Z`gh]h ;hevrh_ ^_ehkdZaZe hgkf_ykv gZ^hfghcLu \b^_e k\_q_gb_[hevrh_ ^_eh Y gZklZb\ZegZ h[tykg_gbbgh hg\klZe bkdZaZeqlh hg ^he`_g mclb;ueh ihqlbiylv qZkh\ihihem^gb GZ ke_^mxsbc^_gv ykgh\Z gZklZb\ZegZ h[km`^_gbbfh_]h g_h[uqgh]h i_j_`b\Zgby Wlh [ueh \b ^_ gb _^hg OmZg"kijhkbe y Hg [uekihdh_g blZbgkl\_ggh meu[Zeky\ lh\j_fy dZdy aZklZ\eye _]hhl\_lblv fg_ Fh`gh kdZaZlvqlh \b ^_ gb _ ^h g_dhlhjhc kl_i_gb ih^h[ghwlhfmkdZaZe hggZdhg_pLu ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e gZfh_ ebphb m\b^_e_]h kbyxsbfgh wlh[ueh\k_ `_fh_ ebphLZd ijhbkoh^blqlh ûfhdaZklZ\ey_l dZ`^h]h ijbklZevgh kfhlj_lvih^h[gh wlhfmWlh imklydb Gh dZdhfkihkh[hf hlebqblv \b ^_ gb _" Dh]^Z lu \b ^b rv lh g_l [hevr_ ijb\uqguo q_jl \ fbj_<k_ y\ey_lkygh\uf<k_ gbdh]^Zg_ kemqZehkv ij_`^_Fbj klZgh\blkyg_ijZ\^hih^h[guf Ihq_fm lu]h\hjbrv g_ijZ\^hih^h[guf^hg OmZg"Qlh ^_eZ_l _]hg_ijZ\^hih^h[guf" G_l [hevr_ gbq_]h agZdhfh]h<k_gZ qlh lu ijbklZevgh kfhljbrvklZgh\blky gbq_f<q_jZ lu g_ \ b^ _e Lu ijbklZevghkfhlj_e gZfh_ ebphblZd dZdy gjZ\exkv l_[_lu aZf_lbefh_ k\_q_gb_Y [ueg_ qm^h\bs_f ih^h[gh kljZ`mgh djZkb\uf b bgl_j_kgufGh lu g_ \ b^ _e f_gyY g_klZe gbq_fi_j_^ lh[hcGhh^gZdh lu k^_eZe ohjhrhLu k^_eZe i_j\uc gZklhysbc rZ] d \ b^ _g bx ?^bgkl\_gguf g_^hklZldhf[ueh lhqlh lu khkj_^hlhqbeky gZ fg_b \wlhf kemqZ_y [ueêy l_[y g_ emqr_q_f kljZ`Lu g_\u^_j`Ze \h[hbo kemqZyo b g_ \ b^ _e <_sb bkq_aZxl"DZd hgbklZgh\ylky gbq_f" <_sb g_bkq_aZxlHgb g_ijhiZ^Zxl_keb wlhlhqlh lu bf__rv \\b^mhgb ijhklhklZgh\ylky gbq_fbl_f g_ f_g__hgb \k_`_ a^_kv DZd wlhfh`_l [ulv\hafh`guf^hg OmZg" Lu q_jlh\kdbgZklhcqb\ \jZa]h\hj_\hkdebdgme ^hg OmZg kk_jv_aguf ebphfy ^mfZxqlh fug_ gZrebijZ\bevgh l\h_ h[_sZgb_<hafh`ghlhqlh luh[_sZe[ueh gbdh]^Zg_ hklZgZ\eb\Zlv jZa]h\hj Lhg ^hgZ OmZgZ[ue kljh]bc<ujZ`_gb_ _]h ebpZ [ueh haZ[hq_ggufY ohl_emeu[gmlvkygh g_ihkf_eY ^mfZeqlh ^hg OmZg[ue k_jv_a_ggh hgg_ [uek_jv_a_gHg jZkkf_yeky Y kdZaZe _fmqlh _keby g_]h\hjbey klZgh\beky hq_gv g_j\guf Lh]^Z ihc^_f]meylvkdZaZe hg Hg ijb\_ef_gy dh\oh^m \dZgvhg mih^gh`by ohefh\Wlh [ueZ ijbf_jghqZkh\Zy ijh]medZFu hl^hogmebdhjhldh_ \j_fy b aZl_f hg ih\_ef_gy q_j_a]mklhc imklugguc ihê_khd d f_klm k \h^hclh _klvd f_klm]^_dZd hg kdZaZe[ueh \h^gh_ hl\_jklb_Hgh [uehlZdbf `_kmobfdZd ex[h_^jm]h_ f_klh \hdjm]_ Ky^v \p_glj_ \h^gh]hhl\_jklbyijbdZaZe hgfg_ Y ih\bgh\Zekyb k_e Lu lZd`_ kh[bjZ_rvkyk_klv a^_kv"kijhkbe y Y \b^_eqlh hgkh[bjZeky k_klv\ ^\Z^pZlb yj^Zo hl f_gyY k_edhe_gyfb i_j_^]jm^vxHg ihijZ\befh_ iheh`_gb_ b \_e_efg_ k_klvlZdqlh[u yih^h]gme fhxe_\mx gh]m ih^ k_[yZ ijZ\mxkh]gme gZijhlb\__ dhe_ghf\\_joFhy ijZ\Zy jmdZ ^he`gZ [ueZ e_`ZlvdmeZdhf gZa_fe_Z e_\Zy jmdZ i_j_k_dZeZ fhx]jm^vHg \_e_efg_ ih\_jgmlvkyebphf dg_fm b hklZ\Zlvky \ wlhf iheh`_gbbjZkkeZ[b\rbkvgh g_ g_ijbgm`^_gghAZl_f hg\ugme [_eh\Zlucrgmjhd ba k\h_]h f_rdZHg \u]ey^_eih^h[gh [hevrhci_le_Hg aZdj_ibe _]h i_le_c \hdjm]k\h_c r_bb gZlygmee_\hc jmdhcihdZ hglm]h g_ gZlygmekyHg ^_jgmegZlygmluc rgmjhdijZ\hc jmdhcLhl ba^Ze fhghlhgguc\b[jbjmxsbc a\md Hg hkeZ[beaZ`Zlb_ihkfhlj_e gZf_gy bkdZaZe fg_qlh y ^he`_g \udjbdgmlvhkh[h_ keh\h_keb y ihqm\kl\mxqlh qlhlh gZiZehgZ f_gydh]^Z hg^_j]Ze rgmjhd Y kijhkbeqlh ^he`gh [uehgZiZklv gZ f_gyb hg hl\_lbeqlh[u yaZfheqZeHg ihdZaZefg_ k\h_cjmdhcqlh hg kh[bjZeky gZqZlvGh hgg_ gZqZe\f_klh wlh]hhg ^Ze fg_ _s_ h^ghij_^hkl_j_`_gb_Hg kdZaZeqlh _keb qlhlh gZiZ^_l gZf_gy hq_gvm]jh`Zxsbf h[jZahfy ^he`_g ijbgylv [h_\h_ iheh`_gb_dhlhjh_ hgihdZau\Ze fg_ g_kdhevdh e_l gZaZ^ b dhlhjh_aZdexqZehkv \lhfqlh yieykZelhiZy ih a_fe_ e_\hcgh]hc\ lh`_ \j_fywg_j]bqgh oehiZyih k\h_fm ijZ\hfm [_^jm;h_\h_ iheh`_gb_[ueh qZklvx h[hjhgbl_evghc l_ogbdbdhlhjZy bkihevah\ZeZkv \ kemqZyo djZcg_c g_h[oh^bfhklb ijbhiZkghklb M f_gyihy\behkv fjZqgh_ij_^qm\kl\b_Y ohl_emagZlv h lhfihq_fm fuijbreb kx^Zgh hgg_ ^Zefg_ \j_f_gbb gZqZe ^_j]Zgv_ rgmjdZHg ^_eZe wlh \ jZaebqguo l_fiZo k j_]meyjgufb bgl_j\ZeZfb ijbf_jgh \ ^\Z^pZlv k_dmg^Y aZf_lbeqlhdh]^Z hg ^_j]Ze rgmjhdhg m\_ebqb\Ze gZly`_gb_Y fh]ykgh \b^_lvqlh _]hjmdb br_y ^jh`Zebhl gZijy`_gbyA\md klZe[he__ ykgufb yihgye lh]^Zqlh hg ^h[Z\eye kljZgguc\udjbd dZ`ûcjZadh]^Z hg^_j]Ze rgmjhd H[s__ a\mqZgb_ gZlygmlh]h rgmjdZb q_eh\_q_kdh]h ]hehkZ ijhba\h^beb kljZggh_lZbgkl\_ggh_ hljZ`_gb_ Y g_ qm\kl\h\Ze gbq_]hgZiZ^Zxs_]h gZf_gygh \b^ gZijy`_gby ^hgZOmZgZ b`mldbc a\mddhlhjuc hgijhba\h^be ijb\_eb f_gyihqlb \khklhygb_ ljZgkZ >hg OmZg hkeZ[bek\h_ gZly`_gb_b ihkfhlj_egZ f_gy Dh]^Z hg b]jZehg [uekibghc dhfg_b _]hebph [ueh gZ x]h\hklhddZd bfh_dh]^Z hghkeZ[behg ih\_jgmekyebphf dh fg_ G_ kfhljb gZf_gydh]^Z yb]jZxkdZaZe hg h^gZdhg_ aZdju\Zc]eZaZGb aZqlhKfhljb gZa_fex i_j_^ lh[hc bkemrZc Hg kgh\ZgZlygme k\hx[_q_\dm bgZqZe b]jZlvY kfhlj_e \ a_fexb dhgp_gljbjh\ZekygZ a\md_dhlhjuc hgijhba\h^be Y gbdh]^Zij_`^_ \`bagb g_keurZe lZdh]ha\mdZ Y hq_gvbkim]Zeky@mldh_ wohgZihegbeh madbcdZgvhg b gZqZeh hljZ`ZlvkyGZ kZfhf^_e_a\mddhlhjuc ijhba\h^be ^hg OmZg\ha\jZsZeky dhfg_ wohfhlh \k_ohdjm`Zxsbo kl_g dZgvhgZ>hg OmZg^he`gh [ulvaZf_lbe wlh b m\_ebqbe gZly`_gb_ k\h_]hrgmjdZOhly ^hgOmZg baf_gbe\ukhlm lhgZ wohdZaZehkvihgbabehkvb aZl_f hghdZaZehkv kdhgp_gljbjh\Zehkv \h^ghc lhqd_d x]h\hklhdm >hg OmZg mf_gvrbegZly`_gb_ rgmjdZihkl_i_ggh ^h l_o ihjihdZ yg_ mkeurZeaZdexqbl_evguc lmihca\mdHg iheh`be rgmjhd \k\hc f_rhdb ih^hr_edh fg_Hg ihfh]fg_ \klZlv Lh]^Z y aZf_lbeqlh fmkdmeufhbo jmdb gh] h^_j_\_g_eb ih^h[gh dZfgxy [ue[md\Zevgh ijhiblZgihlhfY g_ fh] ih^mfZlvqlh y fh]m lZd kbevgh \kihl_lvDZieb ihlZ gZ[_`Zeb fg_\ ]eZaZb boaZ`]eh >hg OmZgnZdlbq_kdb\ulZsbe f_gyba f_klZY iulZeky kdZaZlv qlhgb[m^vgh hgiheh`be jmdmgZ fhcjhl <f_klh lh]hqlh[u ihdbgmlvdZgvhg l_f`_ iml_fdZdbf fu ijbreb\ g_]h^hg OmZgihr_e \h[oh^Fu \kdZjZ[dZebkv ih kl_g_ ]hju b \urebgZ ohefu hq_gv ^Ze_dh hl mklvy dZgvhgZ Fu reb \f_jl\hc lbrbg_d _]h^hfmDh]^Z fu ^hreb [ueh m`_ l_fghY ihiulZekyaZ]h\hjblv kgh\Zgh ^hg OmZg hiylv iheh`bek\hx jmdmgZ fhcjhl Fu g_ _ebb g_aZ`b]Zeb d_jhkbgh\hceZfiu>hg OmZg iheh`be fhx pbgh\dm\ k\h_cdhfgZl_ bmdZaZe gZg__ k\hbf ih^[hjh^dhfY ihgyewlhdZd agZdqlh y^he`_g e_qvkiZlv Y ohqmqlh[u luk^_eZe ijZ\bevgmx\_svkdZaZe fg_ ^hg OmZgdZd lhevdhy ijhkgmekygZ ke_^mxs__mljhLu gZqg_rv __k_]h^gyWlh g_aZcf_l fgh]h\j_f_gblu agZ_rv Ihke_ hq_gv ^he]hc g_eh\dhc iZmau y ihqm\kl\h\Ze ihlj_[ghklv kijhkblv_]h Wlh lhqlh lu^_eZe khfghc \dZgvhg_ \q_jZ" >hg OmZgaZobobdZedZd j_[_ghd Y ijhklhihklmqZe ^momlh]h \h^gh]hf_klZkdZaZe hgwlhl \b^^moZ fh`_l[ulv \ua\Zgdh]^Z \h^gh_ f_klh kmoh_dh]^Z ^mom_^bgbeky \]hj_<q_jZ yfh`gh kdZaZlv ijh[m^be _]hba _]hkgZGh hgg_ bf_egbq_]h ijhlb\wlh]h b mdZaZe l_[_m^Zqgh_ gZijZ\e_gb_?]h ]hehkbkoh^be bawlh]h gZijZ\e_gby^hg OmZgmdZaZe gZx]h\hklhd Qlh wlh[ue aZrgmjhdgZ dhlhjhflu b]jZe^hg OmZg" Eh\bl_ev ^moh\ Fh]m yihkfhlj_lv gZg_]h" G_lGh yk^_eZx l_[_lZdhcBeb_s_ emqr_lu kZf k^_eZ_rv _]h êy k_[y dZdgb[m^vdh]^Z lu gZmqbrvky \ b^ _l v Ba q_]hhg k^_eZg^hg OmZg" Fhc ba dZ[ZgZDh]^Z luihemqbrv _]hlu ihcf_rv qlh hg`b\hc bfh`_l gZmqblvl_[y jZaebqgufa\mdZfdhlhju_ _fm gjZ\ylkyK ijZdlbdhclu magZ_rvk\h_]h eh\bl_ey ^moh\ lZd ohjhrhqlh \f_kl_k gbflu [m^_rvba^Z\Zlv a\mdbiheghc kbeu Ihq_fm lu\aye f_gyh`b^Zlv ^moZ\h^gh]h f_klZ^hg OmZg" Lu hq_gvkdhjh magZ_rvwlh Hdheh lh]h `_^gy fukb^_eb ih^_]h jZfZ^Z]^_ hg ijb]hlh\eyek\hx ljm[dmfg_ êydmj_gby Hg \_e_e fg_ \klZlvdh]^Z fh_ l_eh kh\_jr_ggh hp_i_g_ehy k^_eZewlh k[hevrhc e_]dhklvxHg ihfh] fg_ ijhclbkvY m^b\bekyk\h_fm dhgljhexy ^_ckl\bl_evgh^\Z`û h[hr_e \hdjm] jZfZ^ZkZf>hg OmZggZoh^beky jy^hfgh g_ jmdh\h^be fghxb g_ih^^_j`b\Ze f_gyAZl_f hg\aye f_gyih^ jmdm bhl\_e ddZgZ\_ k\h^hcHg mkZ^bef_gy gZdjZc dZgZ\u b ijbdZaZefg_ ih\_ebl_evghijbklZevgh kfhlj_lvgZ \h^mb gb h q_f[hevr_ g_^mfZlv Y iulZeky knhdmkbjh\Zlv k\hcijbklZevguc \a]ey^ gZ \h^_gh __ ^\b`_gb_hl\e_dZeh f_gyFhc mfb fhb ]eZaZ gZqZeb hldehgylvky gZ ^jm]b_ ij_^f_lu g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh]h hdjm`_gby>hg OmZg ihljyk fhx]heh\m \\_jo b \gba b ijbdZaZe fg_kgh\Z ijbklZevghkfhlj_lv lhevdhgZ \h^mb g_ ^mfZlv \hh[s_Hg kdZaZeqlh ijbklZevgh kfhlj_lv gZ ^\b`msmxky \h^m [ueh ljm^ghgh qlh gm`gh ijh^he`Zlv ijh[h\ZlvY ijh[h\Zeljb jZaZb dZ`ûcjZa y hl\e_dZeky q_flh>hg OmZghq_gv mihjghljyk fhx]heh\m dZ`ûc jZa GZdhg_py aZf_lbeqlh fhcmf bfhb ]eZaZ knhdmkbjh\Zebkv gZ \h^_g_kfhljy gZ__ ^\b`_gb_y ih]jmabeky\ gZ[ex^_gb_ l_dmq_klb<h^Z klZeZg_kdhevdh ^jm]hcHgZdZaZehkv[ueZ ly`_e__ bh^ghh[jZag__ [e_^gha_e_ghcY fh]aZf_lblv jy[v ijb __^\b`_gbbJy[v [ueZqj_a\uqZcgh hlq_leb\hc: aZl_f \g_aZighm f_gyihy\behkv hsms_gb_qlh ykfhlj_e g_ gZ fZkkm ^\b`ms_cky \hûZ gZdZjlbgm \hûy \b^_e i_j_^ k\hbfb ]eZaZfb aZklu\rbc dmkhdl_dms_c \hûJy[v [ueZ g_ih^\b`ghcY fh]jZkkfhlj_lv dZ`^mxqZklbqdm __AZl_f hgZ gZqZeZ ijbh[j_lZlva_e_gmx nhknhj_kp_gpbxb bag__ f_ê_ggh bkl_dZe dZdhclh ]mklhclmfZg a_e_gh]hp\_lZ=mklhc lmfZg jZkoh^beky ih jy[b bdh]^Z hg ^\b]Zeky__ a_e_gv klZgh\beZkv [he__ k\_jdZxs_c^h l_oihjihdZ g_ klZeZ hke_ibl_evguf kbygb_fdhlhjh_ ihdjueh\k_ Y g_agZedZd ^he]hy gZoh^bekym dZgZ\u>hg OmZgg_ ij_ju\Ze f_gyY [ueih]jm`_g \a_e_gh_ k\_q_gb_ jy[bY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh hgh\k_ \hdjm]f_gyHgh mkihdZb\Zehf_gyM f_gy g_[ueh gbfuke_cgb qm\kl\<k_qlh mf_gy [uehwlh kihdhcgh_ agZgb_agZgb_ hk\_jdZxs_cmkihdZb\Zxs_c a_e_gb Qj_a\uqZcguc oheh^ b kujhklv[ueh ke_^mxs_c \_svx dhlhjmx yklZe hkhagZ\ZlvIhkl_i_ggh yhkhagZeqlh y [ue ih]jm`_g \dZgZ\m< wlhlfhf_gl \h^ZihiZeZ fg_\ ghkb y aZdZreyekyijh]ehlb\ __M f_gy\ ghkm [ue jZa^jZ`Zxsbc am^b yg_kdhevdh jZaqbogmeY \klZeb lZdkbevgh ba\mqgh aZqboZeqlh ^Z`_ imdgme>hg OmZg aZoehiZe jmdZfb b jZkohohlZeky ?keb l_ehimdZ_llh hgh`b\h_kdZaZe hg Hg ihdZaZefg_ ke_^h\ZlvaZ gbfb fuihreb d_]h ^hfm Y ^mfZe hkhojZg_gbb ihdhy< g_dhlhjhf hlghr_gbb y h`b^Zeqlh y [m^m\ hkh[hfb fjZqghfgZkljh_gbbgh\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklby g_qm\kl\h\Ze mklZehklbbeb f_eZgohebb Y qm\kl\h\Zekdhj__`bag_jZ^hklghklvb hq_gv [ukljh kf_gbe k\hxh^_`^mY klZegZk\bklu\Zlv>hg OmZgex[hiulgh ihkfhlj_e gZf_gy bijbl\hjbeky m^b\e_ggufhg hldjuejhl b \uimqbe ]eZaZ?]h nb]mjZ[ueZ hq_gvaZ[Z\ghcb y kf_yeky g_fgh]h ^hevr_q_f lj_[h\Zehkv Lu rmlbrvkdZaZe hgb aZkf_yekyhq_gv kbevghkZf Y h[tykgbe _fmqlh yg_ ohl_eijb\udZlv d fjZqghfm qm\kl\m ihke_mihlj_[e_gby _]hdmjbl_evghc kf_kbY kdZaZe _fmqlh ihke_lh]hdZd hg\ulZkdb\Ze f_gyba dZgZ\u \h \j_fy fhboihiulhd \klj_lblvkljZ`Zy klZem[_`^_gqlh y fh] \b^_lv_keb y ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e \hdjm] f_gy ^hklZlhqgh ^he]h < b^ _g v_ wlh g_kfhlj_gb_ bg_ khojZg_gb_ ihdhykdZaZe hg\ b^ _g v_ wlh l_ogbdZ dhlhjmx gm`ghbamqZlvBebfh`_l [ulvwlh l_ogbdZdhlhjmx g_dhlhju_ bagZk m`_agZxl Hg \kfZljb\Z_lky\ f_gydZd [m^lhqlh[u gZf_dgmlvqlh y [ueh^gbf bal_odlh m`_agZe l_ogbdm Lu ^hklZlhqghkbevgucqlh[u ijh]meylvky"kijhkbe hg Y kdZaZeqlh qm\klk\h\Zek_[y ij_djZkghb qlhfh]mY g_ [ue ]heh^_gohly yg_ _e\_kv ^_gv>hg OmZg iheh`be oe_[ bg_kdhevdh dmkdh\kmr_gh]h fykZ\ jxdaZd\jmqbe _]h fg_ bihdZaZe fg_]heh\hc ke_^h\ZlvaZ gbf Dm^Z fub^_f"kijhkbe y Hg mdZaZe keZ[uf ^\b`_gb_f]heh\u ih gZijZ\e_gbx d ohefZfFu gZijZ\eyebkvd lhfm`_ dZgvhgm]^_ [ueh \h^gh_ f_klhgh g_\hreb \g_]h>hg OmZg\e_a gZkdZeu kijZ\Zhl gZkm kZfh]hmklvy dZgvhgZFu ih^gyebkvgZ ohefKhegp_ [ueh ihqlb gZ]hjbahgl_;ue mf_j_gguc^_gvgh fg_ [ueh `Zjdh by aZûoZekyY _^\Zfh] ûrZlv >hg OmZg gZfgh]h hi_j_^be f_gy b [ue \ugm`^_g hklZgh\blvkyqlh[u iha\heblvfg_ ^h]gZlv_]hHg kdZaZe qlh y [ue\ m`Zkghfnbabq_kdhf khklhygbbb qlh\hafh`gh [ueh g_[eZ]hjZamfgh \hh[s_ b^lb^Zevr_Hg iha\hebe fg_ hl^hogmlv hdhehqZkZHg \u[jZe]eZ^dbcihqlb djm]euc\Zemg b \_e_e fg_e_qv lZfHg jZkiheh`befh_ l_ehgZ dZfg_Hg \_e_e fg_\ulygmlv jmdbb gh]bb himklblvbo k\h[h^ghFhy kibgZ ke_]dZbah]gmeZkv br_y jZkkeZ[eZlZd qlhfhy ]heh\Z lZd`_ k\h[h^gh ih\bkeZHg hklZ\bef_gy \ wlhf iheh`_gbb ijbf_jgh gZ iylgZ^pZlvfbgmlAZl_f hg\_e_e fg_ hldjulv `b\hlHg aZ[hleb\h hlh[jZe dZdb_lh \_ldb b ebklvy b gZeh`be bo gZfhc ]heuc`b\hlY ihqm\kl\h\Ze f]gh\_ggmx l_iehlm \h\k_f fh_fl_e_>hg OmZgaZl_f \ayef_gy aZgh]m b ih\hjZqb\Zef_gy ^hl_o ihjihdZ fhy]heh\Z g_hdZaZeZkv d x]h\hklhdm L_i_jv ^Z\Zc ihah\_flh]h ^moZ \h^gh]h f_klZ kdZaZe hg Y ihiulZekyih\_jgmlv k\hx]heh\mqlh[u ihkfhlj_lvgZ g_]hHg kkbehc m^_j`Zef_gy aZ\hehku bkdZaZeqlh y[ue \ hq_gv mya\bfhf iheh`_gbbb \m`Zkgh keZ[hf nbabq_kdhf khklhygbb b ^he`_ghklZ\Zlvky kihdhcgufb g_ih^\b`gufHg iheh`be \k_ wlbhkh[u_ \_ldbgZ fhc`b\hlqlh[u aZsblblv f_gyb kh[jZekyhklZ\Zlvky jy^hfkh fghcgZ kemqZc_keb y g_ ihaZ[hqmkvh k_[_ Hg klhyem fZdmrdbfh_c ]heh\ub_keb y ih\hjZqb\Ze k\hb ]eZaZy fh]\b^_lv _]hHg \ayek\hc rgmjhdb gZlygme _]hgh aZl_fihgyeqlh ykfhlj_e gZg_]hih\_jgm\ fhb ]eZaZ dh e[mHg e_]dhklmdgme f_gy ih ]heh\_ k\hbfb iZevpZfb bijbdZaZe fg_kfhlj_lv gZg_[hg_ aZdju\Zlv]eZa b dhgp_gljbjh\Zlvky gZa\md_Hg ^h[Z\bedZd [u ih^mfZ\ qlh[u y g_kl_kgyeky \udjbdgmlvkeh\hdhlhjhfm hg gZmqbe f_gy_keb yihqm\kl\mxqlh qlhlh gZiZ^Z_lgZ f_gy >hg OmZg b _]h eh\bl_ev ^moh\gZqZeb k gbadh gZlygmlh]h a\mdZHg f_ê_gghm\_ebqb\Ze gZly`_gb_b y gZqZe keurZlvlZdh_ `_hljZ`_gb_b aZl_fykgh_ wohdhlhjh_ bkoh^beh ba x]h\hklhqgh]h gZijZ\e_gbyGZly`_gb_ m\_ebqbehkv>hg OmZg b_]h eh\bl_ev ^moh\kh\_jr_ggh khhl\_lkl\h\Zeb ^jm] ^jm]mRgmjhd ba^Z\Zegbadmx ghlmb ^hg OmZgm\_ebqb\Ze __mkbeb\Zy _]hgZly`_gb_ ^hl_o ihj ihdZ ghlZg_ klZgh\beZkvijhgbdZxsbf \gmljva\mdhf\hxsbf ah\hf<_jrbghc [ue`mldbc \ba]g_ihklb`bfuc klhqdb aj_gby fh_]h kh[kl\_ggh]hhiulZ A\md hljZ`Zeky\ ]hjZob hl^Z\Zekywohf gZaZ^d gZfY ij_^klZ\be k_[_qlh hg ijboh^be ijyfh dh fg_Y ihm\kl\h\Zeqlh hg^he`gh [ulvqlhlh k^_eZe k l_fi_jZlmjhc fh_]hl_eZI_j_^ l_fdZd ^hgOmZg gZqZek\hb ah\ufg_ [ueh hq_gvl_ieh bm^h[ghgh \h \j_fy \ukr_c lhqdb _]h ah\h\y klZeaZf_jaZlvfhb am[u g_ijhba\hevgh klmqZebb mf_gy ^_ckl\bl_evgh[ueh hsms_gb_qlh qlhlh gZiZ^Z_l gZ f_gy< h^bgfhf_gl yaZf_lbeqlh g_[h klZeh hq_gv l_fgufY g_khagZ\Ze g_[Zohly ykfhlj_e gZg_]hM f_gy [ue fhf_gl kbevghc iZgbdbb y \udjbdgme keh\h dhlhjhfm ^hgOmZg gZmqbef_gy >hg OmZg f_ê_ggh gZqZe ihgb`Zlv gZijy`_gb_ k\hbo `mldbo ah\h\gh wlhg_ ijbg_kehfg_ gbdZdh]hh[e_]q_gby AZdjhc k\hb]eZaZih\_ebl_evgh ijh[hjfhlZe ^hg OmZg Y aZdjue bo jmdZfbQ_j_a g_kdhevdhfbgml ^hg OmZg kh\k_f hklZgh\bekyb ih^hr_edh fg_k[hdmIhke_ lh]hdZd hg m[jZe\_ldb bebklvy kfh_]h `b\hlZhg ihfh]fg_ \klZlv b [_j_`ghiheh`be bogZ dZf_gv]^_ ye_`ZeHg aZ`_]bo b dh]^Z hgbaZ]hj_ebkvjZkl_j fhc`b\hl ^jm]bfbebklvyfb ba k\h_c kmfdb Hg iheh`be k\hx jmdm gZ fhc jhldh]^Z y ohl_e jZkkdZaZlv _fmqlh mf_gy [ueZm`ZkgZy ]heh\gZy[hev Fu hklZ\ZebkvlZfihdZ \k_ebklvy g_k]hj_ebD lhfm \j_f_gb klZehkh\_jr_ggh l_fghFu kimklbebkvk ohefZb y ^Ze \hexk\h_fm `_em^dm Dh]^Z fu reb \^hevdZgZ\u^hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh y k^_eZe ^hklZlhqgh bg_ ^he`_ghklZgZ\eb\ZlvkyY ihijhkbe _]h h[tykgblvdZdbf [ue^mo \h^gh]hf_klZgh hg `_klhf ihdZaZe fg_fheqZlvHg kdZaZeqlh fuih]h\hjbf h[wlhf \ ^jm]h_ \j_fyaZl_f hgmfure_ggh kf_gbel_fm b ^Ze fg_ ^he]h_ h[tykg_gb_ h \b ^_ gb bY kdZaZeqlh [ueh ijbkdhj[ghqlh y g_fh] khkj_^hlhqblvky\ l_fghl_Hg dZaZehkv[ue hq_gvjZ^b kdZaZeqlh [hevrmxqZklv \j_f_gb y g_ m^_eyx \gbfZgbylhfmqlh hg]h\hjblihlhfm qlh y ijbgye j_r_gb_aZibku\Zlv \k_ Hg ]h\hjbe h \b ^_ gb bdZd h ijhp_kk_g_ aZ\bkys_f hl heebb hll_ogbdb fZ]bbFZ] wlh q_eh\_d dhlhjuc fh]dhfZg^h\Zlv heebblZdbf h[jZahffZgbimebjh \Zlv kbehc heeb k_[_ gZ ihevamgh lhl nZdlqlh hg dhfZg^h\Ze heebg_ hagZqZeqlh hgfh] \b ^_ lv Y gZihfgbe _fmqlh hg]h\hjbe fg_jZgvr_qlh g_\hafh`gh \b^_lv_keb g_ bf__rvheeb>hg OmZg hq_gv kihdhcgh aZf_lbeqlh hg ijbr_e dm[_`^_gbxqlh \hafh`gh [ueh \b^_lvb \k_`_ g_dhfZg^h\Zlv heebHg qm\kl\h\Zeqlh g_l ijbqbguihq_fm [ug_ lZdlZd dZd\b^_gv_g_ bf__l gbq_]h h[s_]h k fZgbimeypbhgghcl_ogbdhc fZ]bbdhlhjZy kem`bl lhevdhêy lh]hqlh[u \ha^_ckl\h\ZlvgZ hdjm`Zxsbo gZk ex^_cL_ogbdZ \b^_gvyk ^jm]hcklhjhgug_ bf__l \ha^_ckl\by gZex^_c Fhb fukeb [uebykgufbY g_bkiulu\Ze mklZehklb beb khgeb\hklb b g_ bf_e[hevr_ g_ijbylgh]hqm\kl\Z \ k\h_f `_em^d_dh]^Z fureb k^hghf OmZghfY [uem`Zkgh ]heh^_g b dh]^Zfu ^h[jZebkv^h _]h^hfZy h[t_eky Ihlhf y ihijhkbe_]h jZkkdZaZlvfg_ [hevr_h l_ogbd_ \b^_gvyHg rbjhdhmeu[gmeky fg_b kdZaZeqlh y[ue kgh\Z kh[hc DZd wlhlZdkdZaZe yqlh l_ogbdZ\b^_gvyg_ bf__l \ha^_ckl\bygZ hdjm`ZxsbogZk ex^_c" Y m`_]h\hjbe l_[_kdZaZe hg\b^_gv_wlh g_ fZ]byB \k_ `_bo e_]dhkimlZlvihlhfm qlh q_eh\_d dhlhjuc \b^blfh`_l gZmqblvkykh\k_f fhf_glZevgh mijZ\eylv heeb b fh`_l klZlvfZ]hfK ^jm]hc klhjhgu q_eh\_d fh`_lgZmqblvky hij_^_e_gghcl_ogbd_ êylh]hqlh[u dhfZg^h\Zlv heeb b lZdbfh[jZahf klZlvfZ]hfbl_f g_ f_g__hg fh`_lgbdh]^Z g_gZmqblvky \b^_lv Djhf_ lh]h\b^_gv_ijhlb\hiheh`gh fZ]bb<b^_gv_ aZklZ\ey_l ihgylvg_agZqbl_evghklv \k_]hwlh]h G_agZqbl_evghklv q_]h^hg OmZg" G_agZqbl_evghklv \k_]h Fu g_]h\hjbeb gbq_]h[hevr_Y qm\kl\h\Zek_[y hq_gv jZkkeZ[e_gguf bg_ ohl_e]h\hjblv gbq_]h[hevr_Y e_`ZegZ kibg_ gZ khehf_gghc pbgh\d_Fg_ kem`beZ ih^mrdhc fhy g_ijh^m\gZy dmjldZY qm\kl\h\Zek_[y m^h[ghb kqZkleb\h b ibkZe fhb aZf_ldb \l_q_gb_ qZkh\ijb k\_l_ d_jhkbgh\hc eZfiu <g_aZigh ^hgOmZg kgh\ZaZ]h\hjbe K_]h^gy luk^_eZe hq_gvohjhrhkdZaZe hglu hq_gv ohjhrh k^_eZe k \h^hc>mom \h^gh]h f_klZ lu gjZ\brvkyb hgihfh]Ze l_[_\kx ^hjh]m Lh]^Z y ihgyeqlh y aZ[ue jZkkdZaZlv _fm fh_ i_j_`b\Zgb_Y gZqZehibku\Zlv kihkh[dhlhjuf y\hkijbgbfZe \h^mHg g_^Ze fg_ijh^he`ZlvHg kdZaZeqlh hgagZeqlh y \hkijbgbfZx]mklhc a_e_guclmfZg Y ihqm\kl\h\Zeihlj_[ghklv kijhkblv DZd lumagZe wlh^hg OmZg" Y \b ^_ e l_[y Qlh y^_eZe" Gbq_]hlu kb^_ea^_kv bijbklZevgh kfhlj_egZ \h^m bgZdhg_plu hsmlbea_e_guc lmfZg Wlh [ueh \b ^_ gv _" G_lGh wlh[ueh hq_gv[ebadhLu ijb[eb`Z_rvky Y klZehq_gv \a\hegh\ZgY ohl_eagZlv [hevr_h[ wlhf Hg aZkf_yeky b ihrmlbegZ^ fhbfj\_gb_fHg kdZaZeqlh \kydbc fh] hsmlblv a_e_guc lmfZgihlhfm qlh wlh [ueh ih^h[gh kljZ`mqlhlhqlh [uehg_ba[_`gh lZfihwlhfm\ hsms_gbb wlh]hg_ [ueh[hevrh]h ^hklb`_gby Dh]^Z ykdZaZe l_[_qlh luk^_eZe ohjhrhy bf_e \ \b^mqlh lug_ [_kihdhbekykdZaZe hglZd dZd lh]^Z dh]^Z lubf_e ^_ehkh kljZ`_f?keb [ulu klZe[_kihdhblvky y ^he`_g [ue [u\kljyogmlv l\hx]heh\m b ijb\_klb l_[y gZaZ^Dh]^Z q_eh\_db^_l \a_e_guc lmfZg_]h [_g_nZdlhj ^he`_g gZoh^blvky ijb g_f gZ kemqZc_keb lhl gZqg_l aZfZgb\Zlv _]hLu fh`_rv\ukdhqblv baij_^_eh\ ^hky]Z_fhklb kljZ`Z kZfgh lug_ fh`_rvkZf ba[_`Zlv dh]l_c a_e_gh]h lmfZgZIh djZcg_c f_j_g_ \gZqZe_Iha`_ lu kfh`_rv gZmqblvky kihkh[m ^_eZlv wlhL_i_jv fu iulZ_fky magZlv g_qlh ^jm]h_ Qlh `_fu iulZ_fkymagZlv" Fh`_rv eblu \b ^_ lv \h^m DZd `_ ymagZxqlh y \b ^_ e __beb qlh y \ b` m __" Lu magZ_rvLu imlZ_rvkylhevdh dh]^Zlu ]h\hjbrv =eZ\Z ^\ _g Z^ pZ lZ y JZ[hlZy gZ^ k\hbfb aZf_ldZfby gZlhedgmeky gZ jZaebqgu_ \hijhku ?klv eb a_e_guc lmfZgdZd b kljZ`g_qlhqlh g_h[oh^bfh ih[_^blv êy lh]hqlh[u \b ^_ lv " kijhkbe y ^hgZOmZgZdZd lhevdhfu k_ebih^ _]hjZfZ^Z Z\]mklZ ]h^Z >ZGm`gh ih[_`^Zlv\k_ DZd yfh]m ih[_^blva_e_guc lmfZg" L_f `_kihkh[hfdZdbf luih[_^be kljZ`Ziha\heblv _fm h[jZlblvky\ gbqlh Qlh `_y ^he`_gk^_eZlv" Gbq_]h>ey l_[ya_e_guc lmfZggZfgh]h e_]q_q_f kljZ`>mom \h^gh]h f_klZlu gjZ\brvky\ lh \j_fydZd dhg_qghg_ kl\hbf l_fi_jZf_glhfbf_lv ^_ehkh kljZ`_fLu gbdh]^Z j_Zevghg_ \b ^_ e kljZ`Z Fh`_l [ulvwlh [uehihlhfmqlh hgg_ gjZ\bekyfg_" Qlh_keb [u y\klj_lbe kljZ`Zdhlhjuc fg_ ihgjZ\beky" >he`gh [ulvg_dhlhju_ ex^bfh]ml ihkqblZlvkljZ`Zdhlhjh]h y \klj_lbedjZkb\uf kms_kl\hfIh[_^beb [uhgb _]hihlhfm qlh hgihgjZ\beky bf" G_lLu \k_`_ g_ihgbfZ_rvG_ bf__l agZq_gby gjZ\blky eb l_[_ bebg_ gjZ\blkykljZ`?keb lu bf__rv qm\kl\h d g_fmkljZ` hklZg_lkyl_f `_kZfufqm^h\bsguf ij_djZkguf bebex[uf ^jm]bf?keb ml_[y g_lqm\kl\Z dg_fm k ^jm]hc klhjhgukljZ` klZg_lgbq_f b[m^_l \k_ `_ lZf i_j_^ lh[hc Fukevqlh g_qlhlZdh_ ]jhfZ^gh_dZd kljZ`fh]eh klZlv gbq_f b \k_ `_ [ulv i_j_^ fhbfb ]eZaZfb[ueZ Z[khexlgh [_kkfuke_gghcY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh wlh[ueh h^ghcba Zeh]bqguo ij_îhkuehd agZgby^hgZ OmZgZH^gZdhy lZd`_ qm\kl\h\Zeqlh_keb [uhg aZohl_ehg fh][u h[tykgblvwlh fg_Y gZklZb\ZekijZrb\Zy _]hh lhfqlh hgbf_e \ \b^m ih^ wlbf Lu ^mfZ_rvqlh kljZ`[ue q_flhqlh luagZewlh lhqlh ybf_x \\b^m Gh yg_ ^mfZeqlh wlh[ueh qlhlhqlh yagZe Lu ^mfZeqlh hg[ue [_ah[jZaguf?]h jZaf_ju [ueb ihljykZxsbfbWlh [ueh qm^h\bs_Lu agZe wlb \k_ \_sb IhwlhfmkljZ` [ue\k_]^Z q_flhqlh luagZeb ihdZhg [ue q_flhqlh luagZelZ g_ \b ^_ e _]hY ]h\hjbel_[_ m`_qlh kljZ` ^he`_gklZlv gbq_fb\k_ `_hg ^he`_g hklZ\Zlvky i_j_^ lh[hcHg ^he`_g[ulv lZfb hg\ lh `_ kZfh_ \j_fy^he`_g [ulvgbq_f DZd `_wlh fh`_l[ulv^hg OmZg"Lu ]h\hjbrvZ[kmj^ >ZGh wlhb _klv \b ^_ gv _< ^_ckl\bl_ evghklb[_kihe_agh ]h\hjblv h[wlhf<b^_gv_dZd y ]h\hjbe ij_`^_magZ_lky ihkj_^kl\hf\b^_gvy Hq_\b^ghm l_[y g_lijh[e_f k \h^hcLu ihqlb \b^_e__ gZ^gyo<h^Z wlh l\hcdZj^bgZevguc imgdl <k_qlh l_i_jv gm`gh l_[_wlh kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zlv k\hx l_ogbdm \b^_gvyLu bf__rvkbevgh]h ihfhsgbdZ \ ^mo_ \h^gh]h f_klZ Wlh ^jm]hcfhc `]mqbc\hijhk^hg OmZg Lu fh`_rvbf_lv \k_`]mqb_ \hijhkudZdb_ ohq_rvgh fu g_ fh`_f]h\hjblv h^mo_ \h^gh]hf_klZ \_]h jZchg_< ^_ckl\bl_evghlbemqr_ g_^mfZlv h[wlhf kh\k_fG_ ^mfZlv kh\k_f< ijhlb\ghfkemqZ_ ^moaZfZgbl l_[yb_keb wlh kemqZ_lkyg_l gbq_]hqlh `b\hcq_eh\_d fh`_l k^_eZlv qlh[u ihfhqv l_[_Ihwlhfm^_j`b k\hc jhl aZdjulufb m^_j`b\Zc k\hbfukeb gZq_fgb[m^v _s_ Hdheh ^_kylb qZkh\gZ ke_^mxs__mljh ^hg OmZg \ugme k\hx ljm[dm ba nmleyjZgZihegbe __ dmjbl_evghc kf_kvx aZl_f \jmqbe__ fg_b \_e_efg_ hlg_klb__ gZ[_j_] jmqvy >_j`Z ljm[dm^\mfy jmdZfby kmf_ejZkkl_]gmlv k\hxjm[Zrdm iheh`blv ljm[dm\gmljv bdj_idh ^_j`Zlv__>hg OmZgijbg_k ^\Z khehf_gguofZlZ bg_[hevrhc ih^ghkk m]eyfb;ue l_ieuc ^_gvFu k_eb gZpbgh\db \l_gb g_[hevrhc jhsb ^_j_\v_\ [ j_ Z mkZfh]h djZy\hû>hg OmZgiheh`be m]hev\ qZrdm ljm[db b\_e_e fg_dmjblvM f_gyg_ [uehgbdZdh]h hiZk_gby beb dZdh]hgb[m^v qm\kl\Z ijbih^gylh]h gZkljh_gbyY \kihfgbeqlh \h\j_fy fh_c\lhjhc ihiuldb\b^_lvkljZ`Z ihke_ lh]hdZd ^hgOmZg h[tykgbe_]h ijbjh^mm f_gy [ueh hkh[h_ hsms_gb_ m^b\e_gby b[eZ]h]h\_gbyGZ wlhl jZa h^gZdhohly ^hg OmZg ij_^mij_^be f_gy h \hafh`ghklb ^_ckl\bl_evgh]h \b^_gvy\hûm f_gyg_ [ueh wfhpbhgZ evgh]h m\e_q_gbym f_gy[ueh lhevdhex[hiulkl\h >hg OmZg aZklZ\be f_gy dmjblv ^\Z`û \h \j_fy ij_û^msbo ihiulhd< ^Zgguc fhf_gl hg gZdehgbeky b ijhr_ilZe \fh_ ijZ\h_mohqlh hgkh[bjZ_lky gZmqblvf_gy dZd bkihevah\Zlv \h^m êy lh]hqlh[u ^\b]ZlvkyY qm\kl\h\Ze _]h ebphhq_gv [ebadhdZd [m^lh hg ijbklZ\be k\hc jhl d fh_fmmomHg kdZaZefg_qlh[u y g_ kfhlj_e ijbklZevgh gZ\h^mZ knhdmkbjh\Zek\hb ]eZaZgZ ih\_joghklb b \gbfZl_evghkfhlj_e ^hl_o ihjihdZ \h^Zg_ ij_\jZlblky\ a_e_guc ]mklhc lmfZgHg ih\lhjbe_s_ b_s_qlh y ^he`_g khkj_^hlhqblv k\h_ \gbfZgb_gZ lmfZg_^h l_oihjihdZ g_ h[gZjm`m q_]hgb[m^v _s_ Kfhljb gZ\h^m i_j_^kh[hckeurZe y_]h ]hehk gh g_ iha\heyc__ a\mdmmg_klb l_[ydm^Zgb[m^v?keb lu iha\hebrv a\mdm\hû mg_klbl_[yy g_kfh]m gbdh]^Z gZclb l_[y b ijb\_klb h[jZlghL_i_jv \hc^b\ a_e_guc lmfZg b ijbkemrZcky dfh_fm ]hehkm Y kemrZeb ihgbfZe_]h kqj_a\uqZcghc ykghklvxY gZqZe \gbfZl_evgh kfhlj_lvgZ \h^mb bf_ehq_gv g_h[uqgh_hsms_gb_ nbabq_kdh]h m^h\hevkl\by am^g_hij_^_e_ggh_ kqZklv_Y ^he]h_ \j_fyijbklZevgh kfhlj_egh g_h[gZjm`b\Ze a_e_gh]h lmfZgZY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh fhb]eZaZ \uoh^bebba nhdmkZb y ^he`_g [ue[hjhlvkyqlh[u m^_j`b\Zlvk\hc \a]ey^gZ \h^_ gZdhg_py [hevr_g_ kfh]dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\hb]eZaZ b [ue \ugm`^_g aZdjulv bobeb fb]gmlvbeb\hafh`ghy ijhklh ihl_jye k\hxkihkh[ghklv nhdmkbjh\Zlvky\h \kydhfkemqZ_\ wlhl kZfuc fhf_gl \h^Z hklZgh\beZkvhgZ i_j_klZeZ ^\b]ZlvkyHgZdZaZehkvklZeZ dZjlbghcJy[v [ueZ g_ih^\b`ghcAZl_f \h^ZgZqZeZ keZ[hrbi_lvdZd [m^lh\ g_c [ueb qZklbqdb dZj[hgZlZdhlhju_ kjZam \aju\ZebkvQ_j_a f]gh\_gb_ y m\b^_eqlh rbi_gb_ f_ê_ggh jZkrbjbehkv \ a_e_gh_ \_s_kl\hWlh [ue[_afhe\guc \aju\\h^Z \ahj\ZeZkv k\_jdZxsbf a_e_guflmfZghfdhlhjuc jZkijhkljZgyeky^h l_o ihjihdZ g_ho\Zlbe f_gy Y hklZ\Zeky\a\_r_gguf \g_f ^hl_o ihjihdZ hkljuc g_ij_ju\guc j_adbc rmf g_ihljyk \k_lmfZgdZaZehkv aZklue \ h[uqgu_q_jlu \h^ghcih\_joghklbJ_adbc rmf [ue \udjbdhf ^hgZOmZgZ hdhehfh_]h moZo_ccccHg \_e_efg_ ijbkemrb\Zlvky d _]h ]hehkmb \_jgmlvkygZaZ^ \ lmfZg b `^Zlv lZf ^hl_o ihjihdZ hgg_ ihah\_lf_gyY kdZaZe htd_cihZg]ebckdbb mkeurZe]h]hqmsbc rmf_]h kf_oZ Ih`ZemcklZg_ jZa]h\Zjb\ZckdZaZe hgG_ \u^Z\Zc fg_[hevr_ gbdZdbohtd_c Y fh] keurZlv_]h hq_gvohjhrhA\md _]h ]hehkZ [ue f_eh^bqguf b]eZ\guf h[jZahf^jm`_kl\_ggufY agZewlhg_ ^mfZywlh [uehm[_`^_gb_dhlhjh_ ijbrehfg_ \]heh\mZ aZl_f ijhreh =hehk ^hgZ OmZgZijbdZaZe fg_khkj_^hlhqblv \k_ fh_ \gbfZgb_ gZ lmfZg_gh g_ij_^Z\Zlvky _fmHg ih\lhjgh kdZaZeqlh \hbgg_ ^he`_gij_^Z\Zlv k_[ygbq_fm^Z`_ k\h_c kf_jlbY ih]jmabeky\ lmfZgkgh\Z baZf_lbeqlh wlh [ue kh\k_f g_lmfZg bebih djZcg_cf_j_wlh g_[ueh l_fqlh dZd y [ue m[_`^_g[ueh ih^h[gh lmfZgmLmfZghih^h[guc n_ghf_g khklhyeba djhr_qguoimaujvdh\djm]euo ij_^f_lh\ dhlhju_ \oh^beb \ h[eZklvaj_gbyb m^Zeyebkv ba g__ mieu\ZyY g_dhlhjh_\j_fy gZ[ex^Zebo ^\b`_gb_Z aZl_f ]jhfdbchl^Ze_gguc rmf\kljyogme fh_\gbfZgb_b yihl_jye kihkh[ghklv khkj_^hlhqb\Zlvkyb g_fh] [hevr_ \hkijbgbfZlv djhr_qgu_ imaujvdb<k_qlh ykhagZ\Ze aZl_fwlh a_e_guc ZfhjnguclmfZghih^h[guc k\_lY mkeurZe]jhfdbc rmfkgh\Z b _]h \kljykdZkjZam jZah]gZeZlmfZgb y h[gZjm`beqlh kfhlj_e gZ\h^m \hjhkbl_evghc dZgZ\_AZl_f ymkeurZe _]h kgh\Zfgh]h [eb`_wlh [ue]hehk ^hgZOmZgZHg ]h\hjbe fg_qlh[u yh[jZlbe \gbfZgb_gZ g_]hihlhfm qlh_]h ]hehk [ue _^bgkl\_gguf ijh\h^gbdhf êyf_gyHg ijbdZaZe fg_ kfhlj_lv gZ[_j_] bgZ jZklbl_evghklvijyfh i_j_^kh[hcY \b^_e ljhklgbd b ijhkljZgkl\hdhlhjh_ [ueh k\h[h^gh hl ljhklgbdZWlh [ueZfZe_gvdZy [molhqdZ\ [_j_]_f_klhdm^Z ^hg OmZg ijboh^be himkdZlv\_^jh bgZihegylv _]h \h^hc Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_\j_fy ^hgOmZg ijbdZaZefg_ \_jgmlvky\gh\v d lmfZgm b kgh\Zihijhkbe f_gyh[jZsZlv \gbfZgb_ gZ _]h ]hehkihlhfm qlhhg kh[bjZekyjmdh\h^blv fghclZdqlh[u y fh] gZmqblvkydZdbf h[jZahf^\b]Zlvkyhg kdZaZeqlh jZa y m\b^_e imaujvdby ^he`_g\aylv h^bgba gbob iha\heblv _fm mg_klbf_gy Y ih\bgh\Zeky_fm b[ue kjZamhdjm`_g a_e_guflmfZghf Z aZl_fy m\b^_edjhr_qgu_ imaujvdbY kgh\ZmkeurZe ]hehk ^hgZ OmZgZdZd hq_gvg_h[uqgh_ bim]Zxs__ ]jhohlZgb_KjZam `_ aZ wlbf ygZqZe l_jylvk\hx kihkh[ghklv \hkijbgbfZlv imaujvdb <a[_jbkv gZh^bg bawlbo imaujvdh\mkeurZe y _]h ]hehk Y klZjZekym^_j`Zlv k\h_\hkijbylb_ a_e_guoimaujvdh\ b \ lh `_ \j_fykemrZlv _]h]hehkY g_agZedZd ^he]h y klZjZeky ^_eZlv wlhdh]^Z \g_aZighy hkhagZeqlh y fh] keurZlv _]h b \k_ `_khojZgylv \b^ imaujvdh\dhlhju_ ijh^he`Zeb ijhoh^blvf_ê_ggh mieu\Zy ba fh_]h ihey \hkijbylby=hehk ^hgZ OmZgZih[m`^Ze f_gy ke_^h\Zlv aZ h^gbf bagbo b\ah[jZlvky gZg_]h Y m^b\bekydZd y ij_îheZ]Ze k^_eZlv wlhb Z\lhfZlbq_kdb ijhbag_k keh\h dZdY ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh keh\h [uehhq_gv ]em[hdh\gmljb f_gybdh]^Z hgh\urehhgh ihg_keh f_gyd ih\_joghklbKeh\h [uehih^h[gh [mxdhlhjuc \ur_e ba fh_c]em[bguY keurZeqlh ykdZaZe dZdb y ba^Ze a\mdih^h[gh \hxs_ckh[Zd_>hg OmZglh`_ aZ\uelZd `_ dZd kh[ZdZZ aZl_fhg ba^Zeg_kdhevdh a\mdh\dhchlZ b aZkf_yekyY ih^mfZeqlh wlhhq_gv aZ[Z\ghb ^_ckl\bl_evgh aZkf_yeky >hg OmZg kdZaZefg_ hq_gvkihdhcghqlh[u y iha\hebe k_[_ ijbdj_iblvkyd imaujvdmb ke_^h\ZlvaZ gbf <_jgbkv kgh\ZkdZaZe hg<hc^b \lmfZg< lmfZg Y \_jgmeky b aZf_lbeqlh ^\b`_gb_ imaujvdh\ aZf_êbehkvb hgbklZeb [hevr_dZd [Zkd_l[hevgu_fyqb< ^_ckl\bl_evghklbhgb [ueblZdbfb [hevrbfbb f_ê_ggufbqlh y fh] jZkkfhlj_lvdZ`ûc bagbo \h\k_o ih^jh[ghklyoWlh [ueb g_imaujvdb\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbb g_[ueb ih^h[gu gb iZjys_fm imaujxgb \ha^mrghfmrZjmgb ex[hfm ^jm]hfm kn_jbq_kdhfm dhgl_cg_jmHgb g_[ueb khkm^Zfbb\k_ `_ hgb [ueb khkm^ZfbG_ [uebhgb bdjm]eufbohlydh]^Z y \i_j\u_ \hkijbgye boy fh][u ihdeyklvkyqlh hgb [ueb djm]eufbb h[jZadhlhjuc ijbr_e fg_ gZ mf[ue imaujvdbY jZkkfZljb\Ze bodZd [m^lh kfhlj_e kd\hav kl_dehlh _klvdZd [ujZfZ hdgZg_ iha\heyeZfg_ ke_^h\Zlv aZ gbfbgh lhevdhgZ[ex^Zlv aZbo ijboh^hfb moh^hf ba kn_ju fh_]h\hkijbylby Dh]^Z y i_j_klZe jZkkfZljb\Zlv bodZd imaujvdb h^gZdhy [uekihkh[_g ke_^h\ZlvaZ gbfbke_^my aZgbfby ijbdj_ibeky dh^ghfm bagbo bihieue kgbfY ^_ckl\bl_evgh qm\kl\h\Zeqlh y ^\b]ZekyYnZdlbq_kdb[ ue imaujvdhf beblhc \_svxdhlhjZy ihoh^beZgZ g_]h AZl_f ymkeurZe gZklhcqb\uca\md ]hehkZ^hgZ OmZgZWlh \kljyogmeh f_gyb yihl_jye k\h_qm\kl\h [ulvbfA\md [ue qj_a\uqZcgh bkim]Zggucwlh [uehl^Ze_gguc ]hehkhq_gv f_lZeebq_kdbcdZd [m^lhhg ]h\hjbeq_j_a ]jhfdh]h\hjbl_ev Y jZah[jZeg_dhlhju_ bakeh\ Ihkfhljb gZ[_j_]]h\hjbe hg Y m\b^_ehq_gv [hevrmxfZkkm \hû<h^Z g_keZkvY fh] keurZlv rmf__ ^\b`_gby Ihkfhljb gZ[_j_]kgh\Z ijbdZaZefg_ ^hgOmZg Y m\b^_e[_lhggmx kl_gm A\md \hûklZe m`Zkgh]jhfdbfa\md \hûih]ehsZe f_gy AZl_f hgf]gh\_ggh i_j_klZedZd [m^lh[ue h[j_aZgM f_gy [ueh hsms_gb_l_fghlukgZ Y klZekhagZ\Zlvqlh yih]jm`_g \hjhkbl_evgmx dZgZ\m >hg OmZg ie_kdZe \h^hc fg_\ ebphb ]h\hjbeAZl_f hg ih]jmabe f_gy \dZgZ\mHg \ulygmefhx ]heh\m \\_jogZ^ ih\_joghklvxb iha\hebefg_ iheh`blv__ gZ [_j_]^_j`Z f_gy kaZ^b aZ\hjhlgbd jm[Zrdb< fhbojmdZo bgh]Zo [ueh hq_gv ijbylgh_ hsms_gb_Y \ulygmeboFhb ]eZaZmklZeb b am^_eby ih^gyek\hx ijZ\mxjmdmqlh[u ihl_j_lvboWlh [ueh ljm^guf^\b`_gb_fFhy jmdZdZaZehkv[ueZ ly`_ehcY fh] _^\Z\ugmlv __ba \hûghdh]^Z yk^_eZe wlhfhy jmdZ \ureZ ihdjulhckZfhc m^b\bl_evghcfZkkhc a_e_gh]hlmfZgZY ^_j`Ze k\hxjmdm i_j_^]eZaZfbY fh]\b^_lv __dhglmjdZd l_fg_xsmx fZkkm a_e_gbhdjm`_ggmx hq_gv bgl_gkb\guf a_e_gh\Zluf lmfZghfY \ki_rd_ ^h[jZeky^h gh]b \klZe \ kj_^bg_ l_q_gbyb ihkfhlj_egZ k\h_l_ehfhy ]jm^vjmdb b gh]b [ueb a_e_gufb]mklha_e_gufbP\_l [ue lZdbf bgl_gkb\gufqlh fg_i_j_^Zehkv qm\kl\h\yadh]h \_s_kl\ZY \u]ey^_e ih^h[gh klZlmwld_dhlhjmx ^hgOmZg k^_eZe fg_ g_kdhevdh e_lgZaZ^ badhjgy ^mjfZgZ >hg OmZg\_e_e fg_\uclbY aZf_lbegZklhcqb\hklv \_]h ]hehk_ Y a_e_guckdZaZe y ;jhkv wlhkdZaZe hgih\_ebl_evghM l_[y g_l \j_f_gb<ue_aZc hllm^Z<h^Z aZfZgb\Z_ll_[y<ue_aZc ba g__<ue_aZc<ue_aZc Y \ukdhqbe\ iZgbd_ GZ wlhl jZa lu^he`_g jZkkdZaZlv fg_ \k_qlh ijhbkoh^behkdZaZe hggZ kZfhf^_e_dZd lhevdhfu k_eb ebphf ^jm]d ^jm]m\ _]hdhfgZl_ Hg g_ bgl_j_kh\Zeky ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvx fh_]h i_j_`b\Zgbyhg ohl_eagZlv lhevdhlhk q_fy \klj_lbeky dh]^Z hg \_e_efg_ ihkfhlj_lvgZ [_j_]Hg bgl_j_kh\Zeky ih^jh[ghklyfbY hibkZe kl_gmdhlhjmx y\b^_e ;ueZ ebkl_gZ kijZ\Zbeb ke_\Z"kijhkbe hg Y kdZaZe_fmqlh kl_gZ[ueZ \^_ckl\bl_evghklb i_j_^h fghcGh hggZklZb\Zeqlh hgZ^he`gZ [ueZ[ulv bebkijZ\Z beb ke_\Z Dh]^Z lu\i_j\u_ m\b^_e__]^_ hgZ[ueZ"AZdjhc k\hb ]eZaZ bg_ hldju\ZcboihdZ g_\kihfgbrv Hg \klZeb ih\hjZqb\Zefh_ l_ehdh]^Z yaZdjue ]eZaZ ^h l_o ihjihdZ g_ih\_jgme f_gyebphf gZ\hklhd \ lhf gZijZ\e_gbb\ dhlhjhfy [uedh]^Z kb^_ei_j_^ l_q_gb_fHg kijhkbe f_gy\ dZdhfgZijZ\e_gbb y^\b]Zeky Y kdZaZeqlh ybf_e ^\b`_gb_\i_j_^\i_j_^b i_j_^h fghcHg gZklZb\Zeqlh y^he`_g \kihfgblvb khkj_^hlhqblvky gZ \j_f_gbdh]^Z y\k_ _s_\b^_e \h^mdZd imaujvdb DZdbf iml_fhgb l_deb"kijhkbe hg >hg OmZg m[_`^Ze f_gy \kihfgblvbgZdhg_py ijbagZekyqlh imaujvdbdZaZehkv^he`gu [ueb^\b]Zlvky dh fg_ kijZ\ZH^gZdhy g_[ue kh\_jr_ggh m\_j_gdZd hg ohl_eIh^ _]hjZkke_^h\Zgb_f ygZqZe hkhagZ\Zlvqlh y g_ [ue kihkh[_g deZkkbnbpbjh\Zlv k\h_ \hkijbylb_Imaujvdb ^\b]Zebkv dhfg_ kijZ\Zdh]^Z y\i_j\u_ \b^_ebogh dh]^Z hgb klZeb [hevr_hgb l_deb \kx^mG_dhlhju_ ba gbo dZaZehkvreb ijyfhgZ f_gy^jm]b_dZaZehkv^\b]Zebkv \h \k_o \hafh`guo gZijZ\e_gbyo;ueb imaujvdbdhlhju_ ^\b]Zebkv \ur_ b gb`_f_gyNZdlbq_kdbhgb [ueb \_a^_ \hdjm] f_gyY \kihfgbeqlh keurZebo rbi_gb_ihwlhfm y ^he`_g [ue \hkijbgbfZlv bo k\hbfbmrZfb lZd `_dZd b ]eZaZfb Dh]^Z imaujvdb klZeb lZdbfb [hevrbfbqlh y kfh] \ah[jZlvkygZ h^bgba gboy m\b^_eqlh hgb l_jebkv ^jm] h^jm]Z ih^h[gh\ha^mrguf rZjZf Fh_ \ha[m`^_gb_mkbebehkvdh]^Z y\kihfgbe ih^jh[ghklb fh_]h \hkijbylby>hg OmZgh^gZdhkh\_jr_ggh g_ bgl_j_kh\Zeky wlbfY kdZaZe _fmqlh \b^_e rbiysb_ imaujvdbWlh g_[ue qbklhkemoh\hc beb qbklh \bamZevguc wnn_dlgh wlh[ueh qlhlh g_jZaebqbfh_djbklZevgh ykgh_ imaujvdb l_jebkv ^jm]h ^jm]ZY g_\b^_e bg_ keurZe bo ^\b`_gby y qm\kl\h\Ze_]hy [ueqZklvx a\mdZb ^\b`_gby Dh]^Z y jZkkdZaZe h fh_f i_j_`b\Zgbby ]em[hdh jZa\hegh\ZekyY ^_j`Ze _]h jmdmb ljyk __ \ [hevrhf \heg_gbbY ihgyeqlh imaujvdbg_ bf_eb\g_rg_]h ij_^_eZ l_f g_f_g__hgb \f_sZeb\ k_[yb bodjZy f_gyebnhjfm b [ueb g_jh\gufb am[j_ggufbImaujvdb keb\Zebkv b jZa^_eyebkv k[hevrhc kdhjhklvxh^gZdhbo ^\b`_gb_g_ [ueh hke_ieyxsbf [e_kdhfBo ^\b`_gb_[ueh mklhcqb\ufb\ lh`_ kZfh_ \j_fyf_ê_gguf >jm]hc \_svxdhlhjmx y\kihfgbedh]^Z jZkkdZau\Ze k\h_ i_j_`b\Zgb_[ueh dZq_kl\hp\_lZdhlhjuf imaujvdb dZaZehkvh[eZ^ZebHgb [uebijhajZqgufb bhq_gv yjdbfb b dZaZebkv ihqlb a_e_gufbohly wlh[ue g_ p\_ldZdbf y ijb\ud \hkijbgbfZlvp\_lZ Lu mdehgy_rvkykdZaZe ^hgOmZgWlb \_sb g_ y\eyxlky \Z`gufbLu aZ^_j`b\Z_rvky gZ g_ijZ\bevguo ij_^f_lZoGZijZ\e_gb_ _^bgkl\_ggh \Z`guc\uoh^ Y fh]lhevdh \kihfgblvqlh y^\b]Zeky [_a dZdhceb[h lhqdb hlghr_gbygh ^hgOmZg aZdexqbeqlh lZddZd imaujvdb ieueb ihke_^h\Zl_evghdh fg_kijZ\Zk x]Z\gZqZe_lh wlhl x] [uegZijZ\e_gb_fk dhlhjufy ^he`_g[ue bf_lv^_ehHg gZqZe ih\_ebl_evghih[m`^Zlv f_gy\kihfgblv[ueZ eb kl_gZ hl f_gykijZ\Z bebke_\ZY klZjZeky\kihfgblv Dh]^Z ^hgOmZg iha\Ze f_gyb y\kieuelZd kdZaZlvy ^mfZeqlh kl_gZ[ueZ hlf_gy ke_\ZY [uehq_gv [ebadh d g_c b fh]jZaebqblv `_eh[dbb \uklmiu^_j_\ygghc ZjfZlmju beb hiem[db\ dhlhjmx[ue aZebl[_lhgHq_gv lhgdb_ihehkdb ^_j_\Z [ueb bkihevah\Zgub jbkmghddhlhjuc hgb kha^Zeb [ue dhfiZdlgufKl_gZ [ueZhq_gv \ukhdhcFg_ [ue\b^_g h^bg dhg_p __b yaZf_lbeqlh hgg_ bf_em]eZhg [ue \kx^m bah]gml Hg kb^_e\ lbrbg_g_dhlhjh_ \j_fydZd [uaZ^mfZ\rbkv h lhfdZd jZkrbnjh\Zlvkfuke fh_]hi_j_`b\ZgbybgZdhg_p kdZaZeqlh yg_ ^hklb]fgh]h]h bqlh yg_ ^hklb]lh]hqlh hg h`b^Zehl f_gy Qlh `_fg_ iheZ]Zehkvk^_eZlv" Hg g_hl\_lbegh kfhjsbe]m[u Lu ^_eZe hq_gvohjhrhkdZaZe hgK_]h^gy lu magZeqlh [jmohbkihevamxl \h^mqlh[u ^\b]Zlvky Gh \b^_eeb y" Hg ihkfhlj_egZ f_gyk ex[hiulkl\hfHg ih\_jgme]eZaZ b kdZaZeqlh y^he`_g \oh^blv\ a_e_guclmfZg hq_gv fgh]h jZaihdZ g_hl\_qm gZk\hc \hijhkHg baf_gbe gZijZ\e_gb_ gZr_]h jZa]h\hjZ lhgdbf kihkh[hfkdZaZ\qlh y\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbg_ magZedZd ^\b]Zlvkyqlh[u bkihevah\Zlv \h^mgh ymagZeqlh [jmohfh] ^_eZlvwlhb hg mfure_gghkdZaZe fg_ihkfhlj_lv gZ[_j_] ihlhdZqlh[u y fh] hklZgh\blvk\h_ ^\b`_gb_ Lu ^\b]Zeky hq_gv[ukljhkdZaZe hglZd `_ [ukljhdZd q_eh\_ddhlhjuc agZ_ldZd \uihegylv wlm l_ogbdmFg_ ly`_ehg_ hlklZ\Zlvhl l_[y Y ihijhkbe _]h h[tykgblvqlh kemqbehkvkh fghck gZqZeZHg aZkf_yekyke_]dZ ihdZqZ\k\h_c ]heh\hcdZd [m^lh k g_^h\_jb_f Lu \k_]^Z gZklZb\Z_rv gZagZgbb \_s_c k kZfh]h gZqZeZkdZaZe hgGh lZfg_l gZqZeZgZqZeh _klvlhevdh m l\h_cfukeb Y ^mfZxqlh gZqZeh[uehdh]^Z ykb^_e gZ [_j_]m b dmjbekdZaZe y Gh ij_`^_q_f ludmjbey ^he`_g[ue jZa]Z^Zlvqlh ^_eZlv klh[hckdZaZe hgy ^he`_g[ue jZkkdZaZlvl_[_ qlh y ^_eZeZ yg_ fh]mk^_eZlv wlh]hihlhfm qlh wlh ijb\_^_l f_gy_s_ d^jm]hfm ^_emIhwlhfmfh`_l [ulv\_sb [m^ml ykg__l_[__keb lug_ [m^_rv^mfZlv hgZqZeZo Lh]^Z kdZ`b fg_qlh ijhbahrehihke_ lh]hdZd y kb^_e gZ[_j_]m bdmjbe Y ^mfZxqlh lujZkkdZaZe m`_fg_ wlhkdZaZe hg jZkkf_y\rbkv ;ueh ebqlhgb[m^v \Z`gh]h\ lhfqlh y^_eZe^hg OmZg" Hg ih`Zeie_qZfb Lu ke_^h\Ze fhbf mdZaZgbyf hq_gv ohjhrh b g_ aZljm^gyeky \oh^blv b \uoh^blv ba lmfZgZAZl_flu ijbkemrb\Zeky d fh_fm]hehkm b\ha\jZsZeky d ih\_joghklb dZ`ûc jZadh]^Z y a\Ze l_[yWlh [ueh mijZ`g_gb_f HklZevgh_ [uehhq_gv e_]dhLu ijhklhiha\hebe lmfZgmmg_klb l_[yLu \_ek_[ydZd [m^lhlu agZeqlh ^_eZlvDh]^Z lu [ue hq_gv^Ze_dhy iha\Zel_[y kgh\Zb \_e_el_[_ kfhlj_lv gZ [_j_]ihwlhfmlu ^he`_gagZlvdZd ^Ze_dh lu mr_e AZl_f y\ulygme l_[ygZaZ^ Lu bf__rv \\b^m^hg OmZgqlh y ^_ckl\bl_evgh iml_r_kl\h\Ze \\h^_" >ZB hq_gv^Ze_dhd lhfm`_ DZd ^Ze_dh" Lu g_ih\_jbrv wlhfm Y ihiulZeky m[_^blv_]h kdZaZlvfg_gh hg ij_djZlbe ij_^f_l bkdZaZeqlh hg^he`_g mclbgZ \j_fyY gZklZb\Ze qlh[u hgih djZcg_cf_j_gZf_dgme fg_ Fg_ g_gjZ\blky hklZ\Zlvky\ l_fghl_kdZaZe y Lu kZf^_j`brv k_[y\ l_fghl_kdZaZe hg^mfZc h kl_g_dhlhjmx lu \b^_eKy^v a^_kvgZ k\hx pbgh\dm b \kihfgb dZ`^mx ih^jh[ghklvwlh]hLh]^Z\hafh`ghlu kZf kfh`_rv hldjulvdZd ^Ze_dhlu mr_e<k_qlh yagZx l_i_jv wlh lhqlh luiml_r_kl\h\Ze hq_gv^Ze_dhY agZx wlh ihlhfm qlh mf_gy [uehm`Zkgh_ \j_fyijb \uly]b\Zgbb l_[y gZaZ^?keb [uy g_[ue jy^hflu fh][u kh\k_faZ[em^blvky b gbdh]^Zg_ \_jgmlvky\ lZdhfkemqZ_\k_qlh hklZehkv[u hl l_[y l_i_jvwlh f_jl\h_l_eh gZ [_j_]m jmqvyBeb \hafh`ghlu fh] \_jgmlvkykZfgh \wlhf y g_ m\_j_g Ihwlhfmhp_gb\ ihiuldmwlh]hy ^he`_g[ue ijb\_klb l_[y gZaZ^y kdZaZel_[_ hq_gvykgh \ Hg k^_eZe ^he]mx iZmam b ijbklZevgh b ^jm`_ex[gh ihkfhlj_e gZf_gy Y ^hc^m^h ]hjp_gljZevghc F_dkbdbkdZaZe hgy g_ agZxdZd ^Ze_dhlu mr_e\hafh`gh^h EhkZg^`_e_kZZ \hafh`gh^Z`_ ^h;jZabebb >hg OmZg\_jgmeky gZke_^mxsbc ^_gviha^gh ihke_h[_^Z D lhfm \j_f_gby aZibkZe\k_qlh yfh] \kihfgblv h fh_f \hkijbylbbDh]^y y ibkZefg_ ijbrehgZ mf ijhclbkv ih [_j_]Zf jmqvy \\_jo b\gba bih^l\_j^blv\b^_e eb y \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb ^_lZeb gZdZ`^hc klhjhg_dhlhju_ fh]eb \ua\Zlv \hfg_ h[jZakl_guY k^_eZeij_îheh`_gb_qlh ^hg OmZg fh]aZklZ\blv f_gyijhclbkv \khklhygbb hp_i_g_gbyb aZl_f fh] aZklZ\blv f_gykhkj_^hlhqblv fh_ \gbfZgb_ gZ dZdhcgb[m^v kl_g_ ihimlb< qZkudhlhju_ ijhreb f_`^m \j_f_g_fdh]^Z y\i_j\u_ h[gZjm`belmfZgb \j_f_g_fdh]^Z y \ue_a badZgZ\u b\_jgmeky \_]h ^hfmy \uqbkebeqlh _keb hg aZklZ\be f_gyijhclbkvfu fh]eb ijhclbkZfh_ [hevr__^\_ kiheh\bghc fbebIhwlhfmy h[hr_e[_j_]Z ih jmqvx hdheh lj_o fbev\ dZ`^hf gZijZ\e_gbb\gbfZl_evgh jZkkfZljb\Zy dZ`^mx^_lZevdhlhjZy fh]eZ[u bf_lvhlghr_gb_ d fh_fm \b^m kl_guJmq_c [uegZkdhevdh y fh] kdZaZlv ijhkluf dZgZehfbkihevah\Z\rbfky êyhjhr_gbyHg [ue hl q_luj_o ^h iylb nmlh\rbjbghc ih\k_c êbg_b y g_ fh] gZclb gbdZdbo \b^bfuo^_lZe_c \g_fdhlhju_ gZihfgbeb [u fg_ bebgZ\yaZeb [uh[jZa [_lhgghckl_gu Dh]^Z ^hg OmZgijbr_e \^hf iha^ghihke_ ihem^gyy aZ]h\hjbe kgbf bgZklhye gZijhql_gbb _fmfh_]h hlq_lZHg hldZaZeky kemrZlvb aZklZ\bef_gy k_klvHg kb^_eebphf dh fg_Hg g_ meu[ZekyHgdZaZehkv^mfZehp_gb\Zy ijhgbdZxsbf \gmljv\a]ey^hf k\hbo]eZadhlhju_ hklZgh\bebkv gZ^ ]hjbahglhf Y ^mfZeqlh lu^he`_g [uehkhagZlv dwlhfm \j_f_gb kdZaZe hglhghfdhlhjuc [ueg_h`b^Zgghhq_gv kmjh\uf qlh \k_y\ey_lky kf_jl_evghhiZkguf<h^Z y\ey_lkylZdhc `_ kf_jl_evghcdZd b kljZ`?keb lug_ hkl_j_`_rvky\h^Z aZfZgbl l_[yHgZ ihqlbk^_eZeZ wlh\q_jZGh êy lh]h qlh[u ihiZklvky \eh\mrdmq_eh\_d ^he`_gohl_lv< wlhf l\h_ aZljm^g_gb_Lu ohq_rvihdbgmlv k_[y Y g_agZeh q_fhg ]h\hjbe?]h gZiZ^_gb_gZ f_gy[ueh lZdbf g_h`b^Zggufqlh y[ue k[blk lhedmY keZ[hihijhkbe _]h h[tykgblv fg_Hg kg_hohlhc mihfygmeqlh hgoh^be d \h^ghfm dZgvhgmb \b^_e^moZ \h^gh]hf_klZ bbf_e ]em[hdh_ m[_`^_gb_qlh mf_gy [uebkeZ[u_ \hafh`ghklb\b^_lv\h^m DZd"kijhkbe y^_ckl\bl_evgh jZkkljh_gguc >mo wlh kbeZkdZaZe hgbdZd lZdh\hchg hlau\Z_lky lhevdhgZ kbemLu g_fh`_rv ihlZdZlvk_[_ \_]h ijbkmlkl\bb DZd yihlZdZe k_[_" <q_jZdh]^Z lu[ue \\h^_ Y g_ihlZdZe k_[_Y ^mfZeqlh wlh[ue hq_gv\Z`guc fhf_glb yjZkkdZau\Ze l_[_lhqlh ijhbkoh^behkh fghc Dlh lulZdhcqlh[u ^mfZlvbeb j_rZlvqlh y\ey_lky \Z`guf"Lu gbq_]h g_agZ_rv hkbeZodhlhju_ aZfZgb\Zxl l_[y>mo \h^ygh]hf_klZ kms_kl\m_l\g_ wlh]hf_klZ bfh`_l ihfhqv l_[_\ ^_ckl\bl_^vghklbhg ihfh]Zel_[_ihdZ lug_ [ue keZ[L_i_jv yg_ agZxdZdh]h [m^_lihke_^kl\b_ l\hbo ^_ckl\bcLu mklmibekbe_ ^moZ\h^ygh]h f_klZb l_i_jvhg fh`_l \aylvl_[y \ex[h_ \j_fy JZa\_ [uehg_ijZ\bevgh kfhlj_lvgZ k_[yh[_jgm\r_ ]hky a_e_guf" Lu ihdbgmekZfh]h k_[yWlh [uehg_ijZ\bevghY m`_ ]h\hjbe l_[_ wlhb ih\lhjxwlh kgh\ZLu fh`_rv \u`blv \ fbj_ [jmohlhevdh _keblu \hbg<hbg h[jZsZ_lkykh \k_f k m\Z`_gb_f b g_lhiq_l gbq_]h_keb hgg_ \ugm`^_g ^_eZlv wlhLu g_h[jZsZeky k\h^hc km\Z`_gb_f \q_jZH[uqgh lu \_^_rv k_[y hq_gvohjhrhH^gZdh\q_jZ luihdbgme kZfh]h k_[y jZ^b k\h_c kf_jlbdZd ijhdeyluc ^mjZd<hbg g_ ihdb^Z_l kZfh]h k_[ygb êyq_]h^Z`_ êy k\h_c kf_jlb <hbg wlh g_klZjZl_evguc iZjlg_j\hbg g_^hklmi_gb _keb hg \h\e_dZ_lk_[y \hqlhlhlh lufh`_rv [ulvm\_j_gqlh hg khagZ_llhqlh ^_eZ_l Y g_agZeqlh kdZaZlv>hg OmZg[ue ihqlbk_j^blWlh jZkkljhbeh f_gy>hg OmZgj_^dh \_ek_[y kh fghc lZdbf h[jZahfY ^_ckl\bl_evghg_ bf_efukebqlh yk^_eZe qlhlh g_ijZ\bevgh_Ihke_ g_kdhevdbofbgml gZijy`_ggh]h fheqZgby hg kgye k\hxreyimmeu[gmeky bkdZaZe fg_qlh y ^he`_g mclb b g_ \ha\jZsZlvky\ _]h^hf ^hl_o ihjihdZ y g_ ihqm\kl\mxqlh ijbh[j_edhgljhev gZ^k\hbf ihlZdZgb_fk_[_ Hg ih^q_jdgmeqlh y^he`_g klhjhgblvky\hû bg_ dZkZlvky _x ih\_joghklbfh_]h l_eZljb bebq_luj_ f_kypZ Y g_ ^mfZxqlh yfh]m oh^blvg_ ijbgy\ ^mr kdZaZe y >hg OmZgaZohohlZe ^hke_aiheb\rboky ba_]h ]eZa Lu g_fh`_rv oh^blv[_a ^mrZ\j_f_gZfb lulZd keZ[ qlhy ^mfZxlu ih[m`^Z_rvf_gyGh wlhg_ rmldZ<j_f_gZfb lu ^_ckl\bl_evgh g_ bf__rvdhgljheyb kbeu l\h_c `bagb k\h[h^gh [_jmll_[y Y ih^gye \hijhk h lhfqlh wlh ihq_eh\_q_kdb g_\hafh`gh dhgljhebjh\Zlv k_[y\k_ \j_fyHg gZklZb\Ze qlh êy \hbgZg_l gbq_]h\g_ dhgljheyY ih^gye \hijhk h kemqZcghklb b kdZaZeqlh lhqlh kemqbehkv kh fghc m \h^gh]h dZgZeZfh`gh [uehdhg_qghdeZkkbnbpbjh\ZlvdZd kemqZcghklvldy g_bf_e wlh]h\ \b^m b g_ khagZ\Ze k\h_]h g_ijZ\bevgh]hih\_^_gbyY ]h\hjbeh jZaebqguoebpZo bf_\rbo g_kqZklvydhlhju_ fh]eb [ulv h[tykg_gudZd kemqZcghklby ]h\hjbe hkh[_gghh EmdZk_klZjhfhq_gv ijbylghf bg^_cp_ ie_f_gbydbdhlhjuc k_jv_agh ihkljZ^Ze dh]^Z ]jmah\bddhlhjuc hg\_ei_j_\_jgmeky Fg_ dZ`_lkyg_\hafh`gh ba[_`Zlv kemqZcghkl_c kdZaZe yGbdlh g_fh`_l dhgljhebjh\Zlv\k_ \hdjm]k_[y <_jghkdZaZe ^hgOmZg j_adhGh g_\k_ y\ey_lky g_ba[_`ghc kemqZcghklvxEmdZk g_`b\_ldZd \hbg?keb [u hg `belZdlh hg[u agZeqlh hg`^_l bq_]h hg`^_lb hg g_ \_e [u]jmah\bd[m^mqb ivygufHg gZkdhqbegZ kdZem m ^hjh]bihlhfm qlhhg [ueivygb bkdZe_qbek\h_ l_ehgb aZ qlh @bagv êy \hbgZ_klv mijZ`g_gb_\ kljZl_]bb ijh^he`Ze ^hgOmZgGh luohq_rv gZclbkfuke `bagb<hbg g_ aZ[hlblkyh kfukeZo?keb [uEmdZk `bedZd \hbgZ hg bf_e dwlhfm \hafh`ghklvld\k_ fubf__f \hafh`ghklv hg jZaf_lbe[u k\hx`bagv kljZl_]bq_kdbLZdbf h[jZahf_keb [u hg g_ fh]ba[_`Zlv kemqZcghklbdhlhjZy ihehfZeZ _fm j_[jZhg gZr_e[u kihkh[uhkeZ[blv wlh ijhbkr_kl\b_ beb ba[_`Zlv _]hihke_^kl\bcbeb [hjhlvkyijhlb\ gbo?keb [u EmdZk [ue \hbghflh hgg_ kb^_e[u \k\h_f jZa\Zeb\r_fky ^hf_mfbjZy hl]heh^ZHg [u[beky ^hdhgpZ Y baeh`be Zevl_jgZlb\m ^hgmOmZgmbkihevamy _]h \ dZq_kl\_ ijbf_jZb kijhkbe_]hqlh [m^_l \ j_amevlZl_ _keb [u hgkZf [ue[u \h\e_q_g\ g_kqZklguckemqZcb _fm hlj_aZeh [ugh]b ?keb [u yg_ kfh]ihfhqv wlhfmb ihl_jye [u k\hb gh]bkdZaZe hgy g_ kfh] [u [ulv q_eh\_dhf kdhevdhgb[m^v ^hevr_bihwlhfmy kh_^bgbeky[u kl_fdlh `^_l f_gy\g_ wlh]hf_klZ Hg k^_eZerbjhdbc `_klk\h_c jmdhcqlh[u ihdZaZlv\k_ \hdjm] k_[yY aZkihjbeqlh hgg_ijZ\bevgh ihgyef_gyY gZf_j_\Zeky mdZaZlvqlh [ueh g_\hafh`gh êy ex[h]h hl^_evgh]h q_eh\_dZ ij_^\b^_lv\k_ i_j_f_gu\dexq_ggu_ \ _]h ih\k_^g_\guo^_ckl\byo <k_qlh yfh]m l_[_kdZaZlvkdZaZe ^hgOmZg wlh lhqlh \hbg\k_]^Z g_^hklmi_ghg gbdh]^Zg_ klhbl gZ ^hjh]_h`b^Zyqlh[u _]hklmdgmeb ih]heh\_LZdbf h[jZahf hg k\h^bld fbgbfmfmk\hb \hafh`ghklbg_ij_^\b^_ggh]hLh qlh lugZau\Z_rv kemqZcghklvx\ [hevrbgkl\_kemqZ_\ hq_gv e_]dh ba[_`Zlv_keb g_[ulv b^bhlhf`b\msbf kimklyjmdZ\Z =eZ\Z lj bg Z^ pZ lZ y Fhy ke_^mxsZyihiuldZ \b^_gvybf_eZ f_klhk_gly[jy ]h^Z>hg OmZgaZklZ\be f_gy\udmjblv ^\_qZrdb kf_kb G_f_ê_ggu_ j_amevlZlu[ueb ZgZeh]bqguj_amevlZlZfdhlhju_ y bkiulu\Ze\h \j_fyij_û^msbo ihiulhdY ihfgbelhqlh dh]^Z fh_ l_eh kh\k_f hg_f_eh^hg OmZg ihfh] fg_ ih^^_j`b\Zy f_gy ih^ jmdm\hclb \ ]mklhc imklugguc qZiiZjZevdhlhjuc jhkgZ g_kdhevdhfbev \hdjm]_]h ^hfZY g_ fh]ijbihfgblv lhqlh ybeb ^hgOmZg ^_eZeihke_ lh]h dZd fu \hreb\ aZjhkeby g_fh] \kihfgblvdZd ^he]h fu reb\ g_dhlhjucfhf_gl yh[gZjm`beqlh ykb^_e gZ\_jrbg_ g_[hevrh]h ohefZ>hg OmZgkb^_e ke_\Zhl f_gydZkZykv f_gyY g_fh] qm\kl\h\Zlv_]hgh yfh] \b^_lv_]h m]hedhf ]eZaZM f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hqlh hg]h\hjbe khfghcohly y g_ fh]\kihfgblv _]hkeh\<k_ `_y qm\kl\h\Zeqlh yagZe lhqghqlh hg]h\hjbeg_kfhljy gZlhl nZdlqlh yg_ fh] \kihfgblv wlh]h ykghM f_gy[ueh hsms_gb_qlh _]h keh\Z [ueb ih^h[gu \Z]hgZf ih_a^Zdhlhjuc m^Zeyekyb _]h ihke_^g__ keh\h [ueh ih^h[gh ihke_^g_fm d\Z^jZlghfm kem`_[ghfm \Z]hgmY agZeqlh wlhihke_^g__ keh\hhagZqZeh gh y g_fh] kdZaZlv_]h bebih^mfZlv hg_f ykghWlh [ueh khklhygb_ ihem[h^jkl\h\Zgbyk ijbajZqgufh[jZahf ih_a^Z ba keh\ AZl_fhq_gv keZ[hy mkeurZe]hehk ^hgZOmZgZdhlhjuc ]h\hjbe fg_ L_i_jv lu^he`_g ihkfhlj_lvgZ f_gykdZaZe hg ih\_jgm\ fhx]heh\m dk\h_fm ebpmHg ih\lhjbeh[jZs_gb_ ljb beb q_luj_jZaZ Y ihkfhlj_eb kjZamh[gZjm`be lhl`_ kZfuc k\_lysbcky wnn_dldZdhc y\hkijbgbfZe ij_`^_dh]^Z kfhlj_e gZ _]h ebphwlh [ueh ]bighlbabjmxs__ ^\b`_gb_\heghh[jZagh_ i_j_f_s_gb_ k\_lZ \gmljb\f_sZxsbo kn_jLZff_`^m wlbfb kn_jZfbg_ [uehhij_^_e_gguo ]jZgbpbh^gZdh\hegbkluc k\_l gbdh]^Z g_jZaeb\Zekygh ^\b]Zeky \gmljb g_\b^bfuo ij_^_eh\ Y ijbklZevgh jZa]eyû\Ze k\_lysbcky ij_^f_l i_j_^h fghcb g_f_ê_ggh hg gZqZe l_jylv k\h_ k\_q_gb_b ihy\bebkv h[uqgu_q_jlu ebpZ^hgZ OmZgZbebkdhj__klZeb gZdeZû\Zlvky gZ aZlmoZxs__k\_q_gb_AZl_f y ^he`_g [ue knhdmkbjh\Zlv k\hcijbklZevguc \a]ey^kgh\Zhq_jlZgby ^hgZ OmZgZ ih[e_debZ k\_q_gb_ mkbebehkvY i_j_g_k k\h_ \gbfZgb_ gZ h[eZklvdhlhjZy ^he`gZ[ueZ [ulv _]h e_\uf ]eZahfY aZf_lbeqlh lZf^\b`_gb_ k\_q_gbyg_ k^_j`b\Z ehkvY h[gZjm`beg_qlh\hafh`ghihoh`__ gZ\kiurdb bkdj <kiurdb [ueb jblfbqgufb b^_ckl\bl_evgh bkimkdZeb g_qlh ih^h[gh_ qZklbqdZf k\_lZdhlhju_ e_l_ebk y\ghckbehc dh fg_Z aZl_f m^ZeyebkvdZd [m^lh hgb [ueb j_abgh\ufb gblyfb >hg OmZg ^he`_g [ue ih\_jgmlv fhx ]heh\m \hdjm] <g_aZighy h[gZjm`beqlh ykfhlj_e gZ\kiZoZggh_ ihe_ L_i_jv kfhljb\i_j_^mkeurZe y]hehk ^hgZOmZgZ I_j_^h fghc\hafh`ghgZ ^\_klbyj^h\[ue [hevrhc ^he]bc ohef\_kv _]hkdehg [ue \kiZoZg=hjbahglZevgu_ ihehku [_`ZebiZjZee_eevgh ^jm]d ^jm]mhl ih^gh`vy^h kZfhc \_jrbgu ohefZY aZf_lbeqlh gZ \kiZoZgghf ihe_ [ueb g_[hevrb_ dZfgb b ljb h]jhfguo \ZemgZdhlhju_ f_rZeb ebg_cghklb [hjhaÎjyfh i_j_^hfghc [ueb dmkludhlhju_ f_rZeb fg_\b^_lv ih^jh[ghklbh\jZ]Z beb\h^gh]h dZgvhgZ m ih^gh`by ohefZHldm^Z ykfhlj_edZgvhg dZaZeky ]em[hdbf jZaj_ahfaZf_lgh hlebqZxsbfkya_e_ghc jZklbl_evghklvx hl [_kieh^gh]h ohefZA_e_gvdZaZehkv[ueZ ^_j_\vyfbdhlhju_ jhkeb gZ ^g_dZgvhgZY qm\kl\h\Zee_]dbc \_l_jhd^m\rbc fg_ \ ]eZaZM f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hfbjZ biheguc ihdhcG_ [ueh a\mdh\gb ilbpgb gZk_dhfuo >hg OmZg aZ]h\hjbe khfghc kgh\Z< wlhl fhf_gl y ihgbfZe lhqlh hg]h\hjbe <b^brv eblu q_eh\_dZgZ wlhfihe_"ijh^he`Ze hg kijZrb\Zlv Y ohl_ehl\_lblv _fmqlh gZihe_ g_[ueh q_eh\_dZgh y g_fh] ijhbag_klbkeh\Z>hg OmZg\aye fhx]heh\m \ k\hb jmdb kaZ^by fh]\b^_lv _]hiZevpu gZ^fhbfb [jh\yfbb gZ fhbo smdZo b aZklZ\bef_gy ihkfhlj_lvq_j_a \k_ ihe_ i_j_^\b]Zy f_ê_ggh fhx ]heh\mkijZ\Z gZe_\hZ aZl_f \ ijhlb\hiheh`ghf gZijZ\e_gbb GZ[ex^Zc dZ`^mx^_lZevL\hy `bagvfh`_l aZ\bk_lvhl wlh]hkeurZe y_]h]h\hjb\r_]h wlhkgh\Z bkgh\Z Hg aZklZ\be f_gyq_luj_ jZaZ h[haj_lv ]jZ^mkguc \bamZevguc ]hjbahgl i_j_^hfghc< h^bgfhf_gldh]^Z hg ^\b]Ze fhx]heh\m ihkfhlj_lvdjmlh gZe_\hy ih^mfZeqlh y h[gZjm`be qlhlh ^\b`ms__ky \ ihe_Y bf_e djZldh_ \hkijbylb_ ^\b`_gby m]hedhffh_]h ijZ\h]h]eZaZHg gZqZe i_j_^\b]Zlv fhx]heh\m gZaZ^\ijZ\hb ykfh] knhdmkbjh\Zlv k\hc ijbklZevguc \a]ey^ gZ \kiZoZgghf ihe_Y m\b^_e q_eh\_dZb^ms_]h \^hev [hjha^Hg [ue ijhklhc q_eh\_d h^_lucdZd f_dkbdZgkdbc dj_klvygbghg ghkbe kZg^Zebb e_]db_ k_ju_ rlZgu[_`_\mx jm[Zrdmk êbggufbjmdZ\Zfb b khehf_ggmx reyim b g_ke_]dmx dhjbqg_\mxkmfdm k j_fg_f q_j_a ijZ\h_ie_qh >hg OmZg^he`gh [ulvaZf_lbeqlh ym\b^_e q_eh\_dZ Hg ih\lhjgh kijhkbef_gykfhlj_e ebq_eh\_d gZf_gy b dh fg_ ebhg r_eY ohl_ekdZaZlv _fmqlh q_eh\_dm^Zeyeky b qlh dhfg_ [ueZih\_jgmlZ _]hkibgZgh yfh] lhevdhkdZaZlv g_l>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh _kebq_eh\_d ih\_jg_lkyb ihc^_l dh fg_y djbdgmb hgjZa\_jg_l fhx]heh\m êylh]hqlh[u aZsblblv f_gy M f_gy [ueh hsms_gb_ kljZoZ beb hiZk_gbybeb aZljm^gbl_evgh]h iheh`_gbyY jZ\gh^mrgh gZ[ex^Ze kp_gm Q_eh\_d hklZgh\beky gZ k_j_^bg_iheyHg ihklZ\be k\hx ijZ\mx gh]m gZ djZc[hevrh]h djm]eh]h\ZemgZdZd [m^lh aZrgmjh\u\Ze k\hx kZg^ZebxAZl_f hg \uijyfbeky\ugme \_j_\dm bak\h_c kmfdbb h[_jgme__ \hdjm]k\h_c e_\hcjmdb Hg ih\_jgmekykibghc dhfg_ bih\_jgm\rbkv ebphfd \_jrbg_ ohefZgZqZe h]eyû\ZlvijhkljZgkl\h i_j_^kh[hcY ih^mfZe qlh hgjZa]eyû\Z_l\ke_^kl\b_ kihkh[Zdhlhjuf hg ^\b]Ze fhx ]heh\mdhlhjmx hgf_ê_ggh ih\hjZqb\Ze\ijZ\hy \b^_e _]h \ijhnbevZ aZl_fhg gZqZeih\hjZqb\Zlv \k_k\h_ l_eh ^h l_o ihjihdZ g_hdZaZeky kfhlj_\rbfgZ f_gyHg\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb j_adh^\b]Ze k\h_c]heh\hcbeb ^\b]Ze _x lZdbf kihkh[hfqlh yagZe [_akhfg_gbyqlh hg\b^_e f_gy Hg \ulygme i_j_^kh[hc e_\mxjmdmmdZau\Zy gZ a_fexb ^_j`Z k\hxjmdm \wlhf iheh`_gbbgZqZe b^lbdh fg_ Hg ijb[eb`Z_lkydjbdgme y [_a dZdhceb[h ljm^ghklb >hg OmZg^he`_g [ueih\_jgmlv fhx]heh\m \klhjhgmb aZl_f y kfhlj_e gZqZiiZjZevHg \_e_e fg_ g_ kfhlj_lv ijbklZevghgh kfhlj_lvke_]dZgZ \_sbb h]eyû\Zlvq_j_a gboHg kdZaZeqlh hg kh[bjZ_lky \klZlv gZ dhjhldhf jZkklhygbb i_j_^h fghcb aZl_fihôh^blv dhfg_b qlh y ^he`_g ijbklZevgh kfhlj_lv gZ g_]hihdZ g_ m\b`m _]h k\_q_gb_ Y \b^_eqlh ^hgOmZg ^\b]Zekyhl f_gy^h jZkklhygby ijbf_jgh^\Z^pZlv yj^h\Hg r_e k lZdhc g_\_jhylghc kdhjhklvx b ijh\hjkl\hfqlh y_^\Z fh]ih\_jblvqlh wlh [ue ^hg OmZgHg ih\_jgmekyebphf dhfg_ b ijbdZaZe fg_ ijbklZevgh kfhlj_lvgZ g_]h ?]h ebph[ueh k\_lysbfkyhgh \u]ey^_ehih^h[gh iylgm k\_lZK\_ldZaZehkvjZaeb\Zeky q_j_a_]h ]jm^vihqlb d k_j_^bg_ _]hl_eZWlh [uehlZddZd [m^lhy kfhlj_egZ k\_l kd\hav k\hb ihemaZdjulu_ \_dbK\_q_gb_dZaZehkv jZkrbjyehkv bm^ZeyehkvHg^he`gh [ulvgZqZe ihôh^blvdh fg_ihlhfm qlh k\_l klZe [he__ bgl_gkb\guf b [he__ jZaebqbfufHg qlhlh kdZaZefg_Y iulZekyihgylv bihl_jye \b^ k\_q_gbyZ aZl_fy kdZaZe^hgm OmZgmdZd y\b`m _]h \ ih\k_^g_\ghc `bagbhg [ue\ ^\morZ]Zo hlf_gyHg k_e ebphf dhfg_ Dh]^Z ylhqgh khkj_^hlhqbek\h_ \gbfZgb_gZ _]hebp_y gZqZe \hkijbgbfZlv g_ykgh_k\_q_gb_?]h ebph[ueh dZd [u i_j_dj_s_gh lhgdbfbemqZfb k\_lZEbph ^hgZOmZgZ \u]ey^_eh lZddZd [m^lhdlhlh [e_kl_edjhr_qgufb a_jdZeZfbgZ g_]h dh]^Z k\_l klZe [he__ bgl_gkb\gufebph ihl_jyeh k\hb dhglmju b kgh\Z klZehZfhjnguf k\_lysbfky ij_^f_lhfY \hkijbgbfZe _s_ jZa wnn_dl imevkbjmxsbo \kiur_d k\_lZ bkoh^ysbo bah[eZklb]^_ ^he`_g[ulv _]he_\uc ]eZaY g_ khkj_^hlhqbe k\h_\gbfZgb_ gZg_fgh mfure_ggh ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e gZ khk_^gxxh[eZklvdhlhjZydZd y ij_îheZ]Ze [ueZ _]hijZ\uf ]eZahfY ihcfZekjZam \b^ykghcijhajZqghc aZ\h^b k\_lZWlh [ue`b^dbc k\_l Y aZf_lbeqlh hsms_gb_[ueh [hevr_q_f gZ[ex^_gb_ wlh [ueh qm\kl\hEm`Z l_fgh]h`b^dh]h k\_lZ bf_eZ qj_a\uqZcgmx ]em[bgmHgZ [ueZ^jm`_kl\_gghc^h[jhc K\_ldhlhjuc baemqZekyba g__g_ \aju\Zekygh djm`beky f_ê_ggh \gmlj_gg_kha^Z\Zy ij_e_klgu_hl[e_kdbK\_q_gb_ kihkh[hfdhlhjuc ^Z\Zefg_ hsms_gb_ij_e_klb Y \b^_ekbff_ljbqguc djm]k\_jdZxsbo \kie_kdh\ k\_lZ dhlhjuc jZkrbjyeky jblfbq_kdb \ \_jlbdZevghc iehkdhklb k\_lys_]hky ijhkljZgkl\ZDjm] jZkrbjyekyqlh[u aZdjulv ihqlb \kx k\_lysmxky ih\_joghklvZ aZl_f khdjZsZeky ^h lhqdb k\_lZ\ k_j_^bg_k\_jdZxs_c em`bY \b^_ejZkrbj_gb_ b khdjZs_gb_ djm]Z g_kdhevdhjZaAZl_f ymfure_ggh i_j_\_e ]eZaZg_ l_jyy ijbklZevgh]h\a]ey^Zb kfh] \b^_lv h[Z ]eZaZY jZaebqZejblf h[hbo\b^h\ k\_lh\uo\kiur_dE_\uc ]eZa bkimkdZe \kie_kdb k\_lZdhlhju_ ^_ckl\bl_evgh \u^Z\Zebkv ba \_jlbdZevgh]hieZgZ\ lh\j_fydZd ijZ\uc ]eZa bkimkdZe \kie_kdbdhlhju_ g_\u^Z\ZebkvJblf h[hbo ]eZa [uei_j_f_ggufk\_l e_\h]h]eZaZ \kiuob\ZegZjm`m\ lh \j_fydZd baemqZxsb_kyk\_lh\u_ emqb ijZ\h]h ]eZaZ kh[bjZebkv b djm`bebkv \gmljbAZl_f k\_l ijZ\h]h ]eZaZ jZkrbjbekyqlh[u aZdjulv\kx k\_lysmxkyih\_joghklv\ lh \j_fydZd \kiuob\Zxsbck\_l e_\h]h]eZaZ hlklmibe >hg OmZg^he`_g [ueih\_jgmlv f_gy_s_ jZab y kgh\Z kfhlj_e gZ \kiZoZggh_ihe_Y keurZeqlh hg ]h\hjbe fg_ gZ[ex^Zlv aZq_eh\_dhf Q_eh\_d klhye m dZfgyb kfhlj_egZ f_gyY g_ fh] jZaebqblv q_jlu_]h ebpZ_]h reyiZaZdju\ZeZ [hevrmxqZklv _]h ebpZQ_j_a fhf_glhg ih^kmgmek\hx kmfdm ih^ ijZ\mx jmdm b gZqZeb^lb \ijZ\hhl f_gyHg ^hr_eihqlb ^h dhgpZ \kiZoZgghc iehsZ^bbaf_gbe gZijZ\e_gb_b k^_eZe g_kdhevdh rZ]h\ d h\jZ]mAZl_f y ihl_jye dhgljhev gZ^ k\hbf khkj_^hlhq_gb_fb hg bkq_abihwlhfmhklZeky lhevdh i_caZ`Bah[jZ`_gb_ imklugguodmklh\ gZeh`behkvgZ g_]h Y g_ihfgx gblh]hdZd y\_jgmeky d^hfm ^hgZ OmZgZ gb lh]hqlh hg^_eZe khfghcqlh[u ijb\_klb f_gygZaZ^ Dh]^Z yijhkgmekyy e_`ZegZ fh_fkhehf_gghf fZl_\ dhfgZl_ ^hgZ OmZgZHg ih^hr_edh fg_b ihfh]fg_ \klZlvM f_gy djm`beZkv ]heh\Z`_em^hd [uejZkkljh_g>hg OmZg hq_gv [ukljh b mf_ehhl\_e f_gyd dmklZf\ klhjhg_hl _]h ^hfZ F_gy klhrgbehb hgjZkkf_yeky Ihlhf y ihqm\kl\h\Zek_[y emqr_Y ihkfhlj_egZ k\hb qZku[ueh h^bggZ^pZlvqZkh\ ihihem^gbY \_jgmekykiZlv ^h qZkZ ke_^mxs_]h^gydZd y^mfZeb [uekgh\Z kZfbfkh[hc >hg OmZg ijh^he`Ze kijZrb\Zlv f_gydZd y k_[y qm\kl\h\ZeM f_gy [uehhsms_gb_ jZkk_ygghklbY g_ fh] ^_ckl\bl_evgh kdhgp_gljbjh\ZlvkyY oh^be \hdjm] ^hfZ g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy ih^\gbfZl_evguf gZâhjhf^hgZ OmZgZHg ke_^h\Ze aZfghcY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh gbq_]hg_ fh]^_eZlvb kgh\Z mkgmeY ijhkgmekyiha^gh ihke_ihem^gy b qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y gZfgh]hemqr_Y h[gZjm`befgh]h jZa^Z\e_gguo ebklv_\ \hdjm] k_[y< ^_ckl\bl_evghklbdh]^Z yijhkgmekyy e_`Ze gZ `b\hl_ gZdmq_ ebklv_\Bo aZiZo[ue hq_gv kbevgufY \kihfgbeqlh klZe khagZ\ZlvaZiZo ^h_s_ ^h lh]hdZd iheghklvx ijhkgmeky Y \ur_e aZ ^hfb h[gZjm`be^hgZ OmZgZkb^_\r_]h m hjhkbl_evghc dZgZ\uDh]^Z hgm\b^_e f_gyijb[eb`Zxsbfkyhg g_bklh\h aZfZoZefg_ hklZgh\blvkyb \_jgmlvky\ ^hf ;_]b \gmljvdjbdgme hg Y \[_`Ze \ ^hfb hg ijbkh_^bgbeky dh fg_ q_j_a g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy Gbdh]^Z g_bsb f_gykdZaZe hg?keb lu ohq_rv \b^_lv f_gylh `^bf_gy a^_kv Y ba\bgbekyHg kdZaZeqlh[u yg_ bagmjye k_[y \ ]emiuo ba\bg_gbyodhlhju_ g_bf_eb kbeuqlh[u Zggmebjh\Zlv fhb ^_ckl\byHg kdZaZeqlh _fm[ueh hq_gvljm^gh ijb\_klb f_gy gZaZ^b qlhhg oh^ZlZckl\h\ZeaZ f_gyi_j_^ \h^hc Fu ^he`gu\aylv rZgkl_i_jv b\ufulv l_[y\ \h^_ kdZaZe hgHq_gv djZkb\hb g_`ghdZkZehkv f_gymkihdZb\Zeh f_gyY aZ\_jbe _]hqlh qm\kl\h\Zek_[y ij_\hkoh^ghHg ^he]h_ \j_fyijbklZevgh kfhlj_efg_ \]eZaZ Ihc^_f khfghckdZaZe hgy kh[bjZxkv hdmgmlv l_[y \\h^m Y a^hjh\kdZaZe ykfhljby ibrmaZf_ldb Hg hlhj\Zef_gy hlpbgh\db khagZqbl_evghc kbehc G_ ihlZdZck_[_kdZaZe hgfhf_glZevgh lu\h\k_ mkg_rv hiylvFh`_l [ulvy g_kfh]m jZa[m^blvl_[y gZwlhl jZa Hg ihlZsbe f_gy aZ^hfI_j_^ l_fdZd fu ^hklb]eb \hûhg \_e_efg_ hq_gv^jZfZlbq_kdbf lhghfiehlgh aZdjulv ]eZaZ b g_hldju\Zlv boihdZ hgg_ kdZ`_lfg_Hg kdZaZe fg_qlh_keb y ijbklZevghihkfhljx gZ \h^m ^Z`_ gZ f]gh\_gb_y fh]m mf_j_lvHg \_ef_gy aZjmdmZ aZl_f klhedgme f_gy\ hjhkbl_evgmxdZgZ\m ]heh\hc\i_j_^ Y ^_j`Ze k\hb ]eZaZaZdjulufbdh]^Z hg ijh^he`Ze ih]jm`Zlv b \ulZkdb\Zlv f_gy ba\hû \ l_q_gb_ qZkh\ Baf_g_gb_dhlhjh_ ybkiulZe[ueh aZf_qZl_evguf<k_qlh [ueh g_ijZ\bevgufkh fghc^h lh]hdZd y\hr_e \\h^m[ueh lZdbf g_meh\bfufqlh y^_ckl\bl_evgh g_aZf_qZe wlh]hihdZ g_ kjZ\gbe wlhk qm\kl\hf[eZ]hihemqby b`b\hklbdhlhjh_ [ueh m f_gydh]^Z ^hgOmZg ^_j`Ze f_gy \ hjhkbl_evghc dZgZ\_ <h^Z ihiZeZ fg_ \ghkb ygZqZe qboZlv>hg OmZg \ulZsbe f_gy bih\_e f_gy\k_ _s_k aZdjulufb]eZaZfb\ ^hfHg \_e_efg_ kf_gblvh^_`^mZ aZl_fijh\_e f_gy\ k\hx dhfgZlmihkZ^be gZfhc fZljZkiheh`be gZijZ\e_gb_ fh_]h l_eZ b aZl_fkdZaZe fg_hldjulv ]eZaZY hldjuebob lh qlh ym\b^_eaZklZ\beh f_gyhliju]gmlv bko\Zlblvky aZ_]h gh]mY i_j_`be qj_a\uqZcghdhgnmaguc fhf_gl>hg OmZg ke_]dZ ihklmqZef_gy k\hbfbiZevpZfb ihfZdmrd_ fh_c]heh\u Wlh [ue [ukljuc m^Zjdhlhjuc g_ [ue kbevguf beb [he_ag_ggufgh ihq_fmlh rhdbjmxsbf Qlh klh[hc"Qlh lum\b^_e"kijhkbe hg Ijb hldjuluo]eZaZo y\b^_e lm`_ kZfmxkp_gmdhlhjmx y gZ[ex^Ze ij_`^_Y \b^_elh]h `_q_eh\_dZGZ wlhl jZa h^gZdhhg ihqlbdZkZeky f_gyY \b^_e_]h ebphHgh [ueh ohjhrh agZdhfhfg_Y ihqlbagZedlh hg[ueKp_gZ ijhiZeZ dh]^Z ^hg OmZgklmdgme f_gyih ]heh\_Y ih^gye ]eZaZ gZ ^hgZ OmZgZHg [ue]hlh\ klmdgmlvf_gy kgh\ZHg aZkf_yekyb kijhkbeohq_lky ebfg_ ihemqblvm^Zj _s_Y hlhj\Zeky hl _]h gh]b b jZkkeZ[beky gZ pbgh\d_Hg ijbdZaZe fg_ ihkfhlj_lv ijyfh \i_j_^ bg_ ih\hjZqb\Zlvkygb ih dZdhc ijbqbg_ \gZijZ\e_gbb \hûihaZ^b _]h^hfZ Lh]^Z y\ i_j\ucjZa aZf_lbeqlh \dhfgZl_ [uehhq_gv l_fghG_dhlhjh_ \j_fyy g_[ue m\_j_gqlh fhb]eZaZ [ueb hldjuluY ihljh]Zebo k\hbfbjmdZfb bm[_^bekyY ]jhfdh iha\Ze ^hgZOmZgZ bkdZaZe _fmqlh kfhbfb ]eZaZfb qlhlh g_ lhy kh\k_fg_ fh]\b^_lvohly i_j_^wlbf y\b^_e _]h ]hlh\uf m^Zjblv f_gyY mkeurZe_]h kf_ogZ^ fh_c ]heh\hc kijZ\ZZ aZl_fhg aZ`_]k\hx d_jhkbgh\mxeZfimFhb ]eZaZ ijb\udeb d k\_lm q_j_a g_kdhevdhk_dmg^<k_ [ueh dZd h[uqghie_l_gu_ b hrlmdZlmj_ggu_ kl_gu _]h dhfgZlu b g_h[uqgh bkdjb\e_ggu_ kmr_gu_ e_dZjkl\_ggu_ dhjgb jZa\_r_ggu_ gZ gbok\yadb ljZ\ljhklgbdh\Zy djurZ d_jhkbgh\Zy eZfiZijbdj_ie_ggZy gZ[Zed_Y \b^_e dhfgZlm khlgb jZah^gZdh\ wlhljZa yihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh lZf [ueh qlhlh g_h[uqZcgh_\ g_cb \hfg_< i_j\ucjZa yg_ \_jbe\ hdhgqZl_evgmx j_Zevghklvfh_]h \hkijbylbyY [uehkljuf d wlhfm qm\kl\mb\hafh`ghbgl_ee_dlmZebabjh\Ze bf\ jZagh_ \j_fygh dh]^Zy g_[ue gZdjZx k_jv_agh]h khfg_gbyGZ wlhl jZah^gZdhy g_\_jbeqlh dhfgZlZ[ueZ j_Zevghcb g_dhlhjh_ \j_fym f_gy[ueh kljZggh_hsms_gb_qlh wlh[ueh kp_ghcdhlhjZy ijhiZ^_l_keb ^hgOmZg klmdg_lih fZdmrd_ fh_c ]heh\uk\hbfb iZevpZfb Y gZqZe^jh`Zlvohly g_[ueh oheh^ghG_j\gu_ kiZafu ijh[_`Zeb ihfh_c kibg_< ]heh\_ihqm\kl\h\ZeZkv ly`_klv hkh[_ggh \h[eZklb kijZ\ZgZ^ r__c Y h[tykgbeqlh yg_ qm\kl\h\Zek_[y ohjhrhb kdZaZe _fmqlh y\b`mHg jZkkf_yekygZ wlhkdZaZ\qlh mklmiZlv bkim]m [ueh`Zedbf ihlZdZgb_fk_[_ Lu im]Z_rvkyg_ [m^mqbbkim]ZggufkdZaZe hgLu \b^_e heebijbklZevgh kfhlj_\r_]hgZ l_[y[hevrh_ ^_eh @^bihdZ lubf__rv _]hebphf debpmij_`^_ q_fgZeh`blv \ k\hb rlZgu Hg \_e_e fg_ \klZlv b b^lb d fh_c fZrbg_g_ ih\hjZqb\Zykv \ gZijZ\e_gbb \hûb `^Zlv _]hihdZ hg \havf_l \_j_\dmb ehiZlmHg \_e_efg_ _oZlvd f_klm]^_ fu gZreb i_gv^_j_\ZFu ijh^he`Zeb\udZiu\Zlv _]h\ l_fghl_Y m`Zkgh ljm^ghjZ[hlZe \l_q_gb_ qZkh\Fu g_^hklZeb i_gv gh yihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[yfgh]h emqr_Fu \_jgmebkvd _]h^hfm ih_ebb \_sb klZeb kgh\Z kh\_jr_ggh j_Zevgufbb [ZgZevgufb Qlh ijhbkoh^behkh fghc"kijhkbe yQlh y ^_eZe \q_jZ" Lu dmjbef_gyZ aZl_flu dmjbeheebkdZaZe hg Ba\bgb" >hg OmZg jZkkf_yekyb kdZaZeqlh l_i_jvy kh[bjZxkv ihlj_[h\Zlvqlh[u hggZqZe jZkkdZau\Zlvfg_ \k_k kZfh]h gZqZeZ Lu dmjbef_gyih\lhjbe hgLu ijbklZevghkfhlj_e \ fh_ ebph\ fhb ]eZaZLu \b^_e h]gbdhlhju_ oZjZdl_jbamxl ebph q_eh\_dZY fZ]lu \b^_ewlh \ fhbo ]eZaZoLuh^gZdhg_ agZewlh]hihlhfm qlhlu ^_eZewlh \ i_j\uc jZa=eZaZ ex^_cg_ y\ey_lky\k_ h^bgZdh\ufbLu kdhjh magZ_rvwlhAZl_f ludmjbe heeb Lu bf__rv\ \b^mq_eh\_dZ \ihe_" Wlh [ueg_ q_eh\_dwlh [ueheeb^_eZ\rbc l_[_agZd =^_ fu oh^beb"=^_ fu[uebdh]^Z y \b^_e wlh]h q_eh\_dZy bf_x\ \b^mwlh]h heeb" >hg OmZg k^_eZe `_klk\hbf ih^[hjh^dhfmdZaZ\ gZ ijhkljZgkl\h i_j_^_]h ^hfhfb kdZaZeqlh hg[jZe f_gygZ \_jrbgm g_[hevrh]h ohefZY kdZaZeqlh kp_gZdhlhjmx y gZ[ex^Zeg_ bf_eZgbdZdh]h hlghr_gbyd imklugghfmqZiiZjZex \hdjm] _]h ^hfZb hghl\_lbeqlh heebdhlhjuc ^_eZe agZdfg_g_ [ueba hdj_klghklb Hldm^Z hg" Y \havfml_[y lm^Zhq_gv kdhjh < q_fkfuke lh]hqlh y\b^_e" Lu mqbeky \b^_lvwlh [ueh\k_gh l_i_jv lu kh[bjZ_rvky ihl_jylv k\hbrlZguihlhfm qlh lu ihlZdZ_rv k_[_lu ihdbgmek_[y jZ^bk\h_]h bkim]ZFh`_l [ulvlu hibr_rv \k_qlh lu\b^_e" Dh]^Z y gZqZe hibku\ZlvdZdbf h[jZahf _]h ebph ihdZaZehkv fg_hg aZklZ\bef_gy hklZgh\blvkyb kdZaZeqlh \k_ wlhg_ [ueh\Z`gufY kdZaZe_fmqlh ihqlb\b^_e_]h dZd k\_lys__ky ycphHg kdZaZeqlh ihqlb[ueh g_^hklZlhqgh bqlh \b^_gv_ihlj_[m_l hlf_gy fgh]h\j_f_gb b jZ[hlu Hg bgl_j_kh\Zeky kp_ghc \kiZoZggh]h ihey b dZ`^hc ^_lZevxdhlhjmx yfh] \kihfgblvh q_eh\_d_ Wlhl heeb^_eZe l_[_agZdkdZaZe hgY ^\b]Ze l\hx ]heh\mdh]^Z hg r_e dl_[_g_ ihlhfmqlh hg ih^\_j]Ze l_[yhiZkghklbgh ihlhfmqlh emqr_`^ZlvLu g_ lhjhibrvky<hbg gbdh]^Z g_[_a^_evgbqZ_l b gbdh]^Z g_ lhjhiblky<klj_lblvky kheebg_ [m^mqb ih^]hlh\e_gguf ih^h[gh \klj_q_gZiZ^Zxs_]h ev\Zk\hbf imdZgv_f Fg_ ihgjZ\beZkv f_lZnhjZFu k gZkeZ`^_gb_f jZkkf_yebkv Qlh kemqbehkv[u_keb [ulu g_hl\_e fhx]heh\m" Lu ^he`_g[ue [ui_j_^\bgmlv k\hx]heh\m kZf : _kebg_l" Heeb ih^hr_e[u dl_[_ b^h kf_jlbgZim]Ze [u l_[y ?keb [u lu[ue h^bghg fh][u m[blvl_[yG_[eZ]hjZamfgh l_[_ [ulv h^ghfm \]hjZo bebimklug_ihdZ lu g_ fh`_rv aZsblblv k_[yHeeb fh`_lko\Zlblv l_[yh^gh]h lZfb k^_eZlv ba l_[ydhle_lm DZdh\h agZq_gb_^_ckl\bcdhlhju_ hg\uihegye" Kfhljy gZl_[yhg bf_e\ \b^mqlh hg ijb\_lkl\m_l l_[yHg ihdZau\Zel_[_qlh l_[_gm`_g eh\bl_ev ^moh\ b kmfdZgh g_ba wlh]hjZchgZ_]h kmfdZ[ueZ ba^jm]hc qZklb kljZguLu bf__rv ljbdZfgy ij_ldgh\_gbygZ k\h_f imlb dhlhju_ aZklZ\eyxll_[y hklZgZ\eb\Zlvkyl_ \ZemguB lu hij_^_e_ggh kh[bjZ_rvkyijbh[j_klb k\hbemqrb_ kbeu\ \h^guo dZgvhgZo bh\jZ]Zoheeb mdZaZeh\jZ] l_[_HklZevgZy kp_gZ hagZqZeZihfhqv l_[_hij_^_eblv lhqgh_f_klhqlh[u gZclb _]hY agZxl_i_jv]^_ wlhf_klhY \havfml_[y lm^Zhq_gv kdhjh Lu bf__rv \ \b^mqlh i_caZ`dhlhjuc y \b^_e ^_ckl\bl_evgh kms_kl\m_l" Dhg_qgh =^_" Y g_fh]m kdZaZlvl_[_ wlhlZd`_b g_ihlhfmqlh y g_ ohqmgh ihlhfmqlh yijhklh g_agZxdZd kdZaZlvl_[_ Y ohl_eagZlv agZq_gb_\b^Z lhc`_ kZfhckp_gudh]^Z y [ue \_]h dhfgZl_>hg OmZgjZkkf_yeky bbah[jZabe f_gydZd y ^_j`ZekyaZ _]hgh]m Wlh [uehgh\uf ih^l\_j`^_gb_fqlh heeb`_eZ_l l_[y KdZaZe hgHg h[_ki_qb\Zeqlh[u lub yagZebqlh hg ijb\_lkl\h\Ze l_[y Qlh aZebph y\b^_e" Hgh agZdhfhl_[_ ihlhfmqlh luagZ_rv _]hLu \b^_e _]h ij_`^_Fh`_l [ulvwlh ebphl\h_c kf_jlbLu bkim]Zeky gh wlh[ueZ l\hyg_[j_`ghklvHg `^Zel_[yb ludh]^Z hg g_h`b^Zggh ihy\bekyih^^Zeky bkim]mD kqZklvxy [ue a^_kvqlh[u klmdgmlv l_[ybgZq_ hgh[_jgmeky [u ijhlb\ l_[yqlh [ueh [ulhevdh ijZ\bevghQlh[u \klj_lblvky k heebq_eh\_d ^he`_g[ulv [_amij_qguf\hbghfbgZq_ heeb fh`_l h[_jgmlvkyijhlb\ g_]hb mgbqlh`blv_]h >hg OmZgihkh\_lh\Ze fg_\ha\jZsZlvky \Ehk:g`_e_k gZ ke_^mxs__ mljhHq_\b^ghhg ^mfZeqlh y_s_ g_ \iheg_ hijZ\bekyHg gZklhyeqlh[u yk_e \_]h dhfgZl_ebphf gZ x]h\hklhdêy lh]hqlh[u khojZgblvk\hx kbemHg k_e ke_\Z hlf_gy\jmqbe fg_fhx aZibkgmxdgb`dm bkdZaZeqlh gZ wlhljZa yk\yaZe _]hhg g_lhevdh ^he`_g[ue hklZ\Zlvky kh fghchg lZd`_^he`_g [uejZkkdZau\Zlv fg_ Y ^he`_g\aylv l_[yd \h^_kgh\Z \kmf_jdZokdZaZe hglu _s_g_ l\_j^b g_^he`_g [ulv h^bg k_]h^gyY khklZ\ex l_[_dhfiZgbx gZ\k_ mljhihke_ h[_^Zlu [m^_rv\ emqr_c nhjf_ ?]h hlghr_gb_aZklZ\beh f_gyihqm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y hq_gv lj_\h`gh Qlh g_ijZ\bevghkh fghc"ijhkbe y Lu ihklmqZekyd heeb Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m ih^wlbf" Fu g_^he`gu ]h\hjblvh[ heebk_]h^gyIh]h\hjbf h q_fgb[m^v _s_ < ^_ckl\bl_evghklby g_ohl_e ]h\hjblvkh\k_fY gZqZe qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[ylj_\h`gh b[_kihdhcgh>hg OmZghq_\b^gh gZr_e kblmZpbxdjZcg_ kf_rghchg jZkkf_yeky^h ke_a G_ ]h\hjb fg_qlh \ lh `_ \j_fydh]^Z lu aZ]h\hjbrvlu g_kh[bjZ_rvky gZoh^blvgbq_]hqlh kdZaZlv kdZaZe hgb _]h]eZaZ aZ[e_kl_ebhahjguf [e_kdhf ?]h gZkljh_gb_hq_gv mkihdZb\Zehf_gy ;ue lhevdh h^bgij_^f_ldhlhjuc bgl_j_kh\Ze f_gy \ wlhl fhf_glheeb?]h ebph[ueh lZdbfagZdhfufgh hgh g_ [uehdZd [m^lhy agZe_]h bebdZd [m^lhy \b^_e_]h ij_`^_ Wlh [ueh qlhlh _s_<kydbc jZadh]^Z ygZqbgZe ^mfZlv h _]h ebp_fhc mfi_j_`b\Ze [hf[Zj^bjh\dm^jm]bo fuke_cdZd [m^lh dZdZylh qZklv f_gyagZeZ lZcgmgh g_ iha\heyeZ hklZevghfm \hfg_ ih^hclbd g_cHsms_gb_ ebpZheebdhlhjh_ [ueh agZdhfuf[ueh lZdbf `mldbfqlh ijb\_eh f_gy \ khklhygb_ m`Zkghcf_eZgohebb>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh wlhfh]eh [ulv ebph fh_c kf_jlbY ^mfZxqlh wlh ml\_j`^_gb_ hdhgqZl_evgh ijb[behf_gyY ohl_e\ hlqZygbbkijhkblv _]h h[ wlhfgh m f_gy[ueh ykgh_ hsms_gb_qlh ^hg OmZg k^_j`b\Ze f_gyY k^_eZeiZjm ]em[hdbo\^hoh\ b \uiZebe \hijhk Qlh y\ey_lkykf_jlvx^hg OmZg" Y g_agZxkdZaZe hgmeu[Zykv Y bf_e\ \b^mdZd [ulu hibkZekf_jlv"Y ohqmagZlv l\h_ fg_gb_Y ^mfZxqlh dZ`ûcbf__l hij_^_e_ggh_fg_gb_ h kf_jlb Y g_agZxh q_flu ]h\hjbrv Y bf_elb[_lkdmx dgb]mf_jl\uom k_[y\ fZrbg_Fg_ kemqbehkv bkihevah\Zlv__ \dZq_kl\_ l_fuêy jZa]h\hjZlZd dZd hgZ bf_eZ ^_ehkh kf_jlvxY kdZaZeqlh kh[bjZxkv ijhqblZlv ___fmb gZqZe\klZ\Zlv>hg OmZgaZklZ\be f_gy k_klv b\ur_e bijbg_k dgb]mkZf Mljh iehoh_ \j_fyêy fZ]h\kdZaZe hgh[tykgyy fg_ lhqlh yhklZeky kb^_lvlu _s_keZ[qlh[u \uoh^blv ba fh_c dhfgZluA^_kv \gmljblu aZsbs_g?keb lu \uc^_rv hlkx^Z l_i_jv_klv rZgkqlh lugZc^_rv m`Zkgh_g_kqZklv_ Heeb fh`_lm[blv l_[yih ^hjh]_beb \dmklZoZ iha`_dh]^Z hgb gZc^ml l\h_l_ehhgb kdZ`mlqlh lu beb lZbgkl\_ggh mf_jbeb ijhbahr_eg_kqZklguc kemqZc Y g_ [ue \^he`ghf khklhygbbbeb gZkljh_gbbqlh[u kijZrb\Zlv _]h j_r_gbcihwlhfm ykb^_e \k_ mljh ihqlb qblZy bh[tykgyy _fmg_dhlhju_ qZklbdgb]bHg \gbfZl_evgh kemrZe bkh\k_f g_i_j_[b\Ze f_gy>\Z`û y hklZgZ\eb\Zeky gZ dhjhldh_ \j_fydh]^Z hgijbghkbe \h^mbeb _^mgh dZd lhevdh hg kgh\Zhk\h[h`^Zekyhg ih[m`^Zef_gy ijh^he`Zlv ql_gb_HgdZaZehkv[ue hq_gvaZbgl_j_kh\Zg Dh]^Z ydhgqbehg ihkfhlj_egZ f_gy Y g_ihgbfZxihq_fm l_ex^b ]h\hjylh kf_jlbdZd [m^lh kf_jlvih^h[gZ `bagbkdZaZe hgfy]dh Fh`_l [ulvwlh kihkh[dZdbf hgbihgbfZxl __DZd lu ^mfZ_rvlb[_lpu \b^yl" ?^\Z ebDh]^Z q_eh\_dgZmqbeky \b^_lvlh g_l gb h^ghc \_sbdhlhjmx hgagZ_ldhlhjZy kms_kl\m_lG_l gb h^ghc?keb [lb[_lpu fh]eb\b^_lvhgb fh]eb[u kjZam`_ kdZaZlvqlh gbh^gZ \_svg_ y\ey_lky\hh[s_ [hevr_lhc `_ kZfhcKlhbl gZfm\b^_lvb gbqlhg_ y\ey_lkyba\_klguf gbqlh g_hklZ_lky lZdbfdZdbf fuijb\udeb agZlvwlhdh]^Z fu g_\b^_eb Fh`_l [ulv^hg OmZg\b^_gv_g_ h^bgZdh\h êy dZ`^h]h" <_jghHgh g_lh `_kZfh_H^gZdhwlh g_ hagZqZ_l qlh kfukeu `bagb kms_kl\mxlDh]^Z q_eh\_d gZmqbeky \b^_lvgb h^gZ\_sv g_y\ey_lky lhc`_ kZfhc Lb[_lpuhq_\b^gh^mfZxlqlh kf_jlvih^h[gZ `bagb Qlh ^mfZ_rvlu kZfq_fm ih^h[gZkf_jlv"kijhkbe y Y g_ ^mfZxqlh kf_jlvih^h[gZ q_fmgb[m^vb y ^mfZxqlh lb[_lpu^he`gh [ulv]h\hjbeb hq_fgb[m^v _s_ <h \kydhfkemqZ_lhh q_fhgb ]h\hjylwlh g_kf_jlv DZd lu^mfZ_rvh q_fhgb ]h\hjyl" Fh`_l [ulvlu fh`_rvkdZaZlv fg_wlh"Lhevdh lu qblZ_rv Y iulZekykdZaZlv qlhgb[m^v _s_gh hgaZkf_yeky Fh`_l [ulvlb[_lpu ^_ckl\bl_evgh \b^yl ijh^he`Ze ^hg OmZgb \lZdhf kemqZ_ hgb ^he`gu [ueb ihgylvqlh \lhfqlh hgb\b^yl\h\k_ g_lkfukeZb hgb gZibkZeb wlm dmqmq_imob ihlhfmqlh wlhg_ bf__l gbdZdhc jZagbpu êy gbo\ lZdhfkemqZ_lhqlh hgb gZibkZeb \h\k_ g_q_imoZ Y ^_ckl\bl_evgh g_ aZ[hqmkvh lhfqlh lb[_lpu gZf_j_\Zebkv kdZaZlvkdZaZe ygh yg_khfg_ggh aZ[hqmkv h lhfqlh ]h\hjbrvluY ohqmmkeurZlvqlh lu^mfZ_rv h kf_jlb Hg ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e gZ f_gy f]gh\_gb_Z aZl_f aZobobdZeHg jZkdjuek\hb ]eZaZb ih^gye[jh\b \dhfbq_kdhf m^b\e_gbb Kf_jlv wlh dhevphebklv_\kdZaZe hgKf_jlv wlh ebphheebkf_jlv wlh [e_klys__h[eZdh gZ^]hjbahglhf kf_jlv wlh r_ihl f_kdZeblh\ l\hbmrbkf_jlv wlh [_aam[uc jhlkljZ`Zkf_jlv wlh O_gZjhklhysbc gZ k\h_c ]heh\_kf_jlv wlh fhcjZa]h\hjkf_jlv wlh lub l\hc [ehdghlkf_jlv wlh imklydbf_ehqbHgZ a^_kvb\k_ `_ hgZ kh\k_fg_ a^_kv >hg OmZg jZkkf_yekyk [hevrbfgZkeZ`^_gb_f?]h kf_o [ue ih^h[_gi_gbxwlh [ue\b^ lZgp_\Zevgh]hjblfZ Y ]h\hjx[_kkfukebpm"kdZaZe ^hgOmZgy g_fh]m kdZaZlv l_[_gZ qlhihoh`Z kf_jlvGh\hafh`ghy fh]m kdZaZlv l_[_h l\h_ckh[kl\_gghc kf_jlbG_l kihkh[ZmagZlv q_fm hgZ [m^_lih^h[gZ \^_ckl\bl_evghklbh^gZdhy fh]m kdZaZlv l_[_gZ qlhhgZ fh`_l[ulv ihoh`Z Y bkim]Zekywlhfm b\hajZabeqlh yohl_e lhevdhagZlv gZ qlh kf_jlv _fm dZaZeZkvihoh`_cy ih^q_jdgmeqlh bgl_j_kh\Zeky _]hfg_gb_f hkf_jlb \h[uqghf kfuke_gh g_ klj_fbeky agZlv hih^jh[ghklyo qv_cgb[m^v ebqghc kf_jlb hkh[_ggh fh_ckh[kl\_gghc Y g_fh]m ]h\hjblvh kf_jlb[_a ebqguol_jfbgh\ kdZaZe hgLu ohl_eqlh[u yjZkkdZaZe l_[_ h kf_jlb OhjhrhLh]^Z g_[hcky mkeurZlvh k\h_ckh[kl\_gghc kf_jlb Y ijbagZekyqlh y[ue kebrdhfg_j\gufqlh[u ]h\hjblv h[ wlhfY kdZaZeqlh yohl_e ih]h\hjblvh kf_jlb\ h[uqguo \ujZ`_gbyo\ dhlhjuohg ]h\hjbekZfdh]^Z jZkkdZau\Zefg_ h^gZ`û h kf_jlbk\h_]h kugZ_\eZebh]h\hjyqlh `bagv b kf_jlv kf_rb\Zxlkyih^h[gh lmfZgm\ djbklZeeZo Y ]h\hjbeqlh `bagvfh_]h kugZjZkrbjbeZkv \h\j_fy _]h ebqghc kf_jlbkdZaZe hgY g_]h\hjbe h kf_jlb \hh[s_gh hkf_jlb fh_]hkugZKf_jlvq_f [uhgZ gb[ueZ aZklZ\beZ _]h`bagv jZkrbjblvky Y hij_^_e_ggh ohl_e gZijZ\blvjZa]h\hj \g_ h[eZklb ih^jh[ghkl_c b mihfygmeqlh y ijhqblZe fg_gby ex^_c dhlhju_ [uebf_jl\ufb g_kdhevdhfbgml bh`b\e_gu [eZ]h^Zjy f_^bpbgkdhc l_ogbd_<h \k_okemqZyo ex^bml\_j`^Zebqlh g_ fh]eb ijbihfgblv gbq_]h\hh[s_qlh mfbjZgb_ [ueh ijhklh hsms_gb_f aZl_fg_gbykhagZgby Wlh \iheg_ihgylghkdZaZe hgKf_jlv bf__l ^\_ klZ^bbI_j\Zy wlh aZl_fg_gb_Wlh [_kkfuke_ggZy klZ^by hq_gv ihoh`Zy gZ i_j\h_ ^_ckl\b_ f_kdZeblh\ dhlhjhc i_j_`b\Z_lky e_]dhklvaZklZ\eyxsZy qm\kl\h\Zlv kqZklv_ ihegh_b lhqlh \k_\ fbj_ kihdhcghGh wlh lhevdh ih\_joghklgh_ khklhygb_hgh \kdhj_bkq_aZ_lb q_eh\_d \oh^bl \ gh\mx h[eZklvh[eZklv `_klhdhklb b kbeuWlZ \lhjZy klZ^byy\ey_lky ^_ckl\bl_evghc\klj_q_c kf_kdZeblh Kf_jlv hq_gvkbevgh ihoh^blgZ wlhI_j\Zy klZ^by y\ey_lky ih\_joghklguf aZl_fg_gb_f khagZgby<lhjZyh^gZdhwlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh klZ^by]^_ dZ`ûc\klj_qZ_lky khkf_jlvxwlh g_^he]bc fhf_glihke_ i_j\h]haZl_fg_gbydh]^Z fugZoh^bf qlh fu y\ey_fkydZdlhkgh\Z kZfbkh[hcB lh]^Z kf_jlv jZa[b\Z_l gZkkh kihdhcghcyjhklvxihdZ hgZg_ jZkl\hjy_l gZrm `bagv\ gbqlh DZd lufh`_rv [ulvm\_j_gqlh ]h\hjbrvh kf_jlb" Y bf_xk\h_]h heeb>ufhd ihdZaZefg_ [_ahrb[hqghfhx kf_jlv k[hevrhc ykghklvx<hl ihq_fmy fh]m]h\hjblv lhevdh h ebqghckf_jlb Keh\Z ^hgZ OmZgZ\ua\Zeb \hfg_ ]em[hdh_ hiZk_gb_ b ^jZfZlbq_kdmx ^\hckl\_gghklvM f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hqlh hg kh[bjZeky hibkZlvg_ijbdjulu_[ZgZevgu_ ^_lZebfh_c kf_jlb b kdZaZlvfg_dZd bebdh]^Z y^he`_g mf_j_lvIjhklZy fukev magZlv wlh\ua\ZeZ \hfg_ hlqZygb_b \lh `_\j_fy \ha[m^beZ fh_ ex[hiulkl\hDhg_qghy fh]kijhkblv _]h hibkZlv _]h kh[kl\_ggmx kf_jlvgh yqm\kl\h\Zeqlh lZdZyijhkv[Z [ueZ [u g_kdhevdh]jm[hcb yZ\lhfZlbq_kdb bkdexqbe__ >hg OmZgdZaZehkvgZkeZ`^Zeky fhbfdhgnebdlhf?]h l_eh kh^jh]Zehkvhl kf_oZ Ohq_rv eblu agZlvgZ qlhfh`_l [ulv ihoh`Z l\hy kf_jlv"kijhkbe hgf_gy kg_\bgguf m^h\hevkl\b_fgZ ebp_ Y gZr_e_]h hahjgh_m^h\hevkl\b_ \ih^^jZagb\Zgbb f_gy g_kdhevdh mkihdZb\ZxsbfHgh ihqlbih^klj_dZeh fh_hiZk_gb_ OhjhrhkdZ`b fg_kdZaZe yb fhc]hehk ^jh]gme Ihke_^h\Ze \gmrbl_evguc \aju\kf_oZHg ^_j`Zeky aZ `b\hlih\_jgmeky gZ[hd bi_j_^jZagb\Zyih\lhjye ohjhrh kdZ`b fg_ehfZxsbfky ]hehkhfAZl_f hg\uijyfbeky b k_e gZimklb\ gZk_[y ijbl\hjgmxklhjh]hklvb k^jh`vx \]hehk_ kdZaZe <lhjZy klZ^byl\h_c kf_jlbfh`_lkZfh_ emqr__[ulv ke_^mxs_c ?]h ]eZaZbamqZeb f_gyk y\ghbkdj_ggbf ex[hiulkl\hfY aZkf_yekyY ihgyeqlh _]h \urmqb\Zgb_ [ueh lhevdh kj_^kl\hfdhlhjh_ fh]eh ijblmiblv hkljhlm fukeb h kh[kl\_gghc kf_jlb Lu kbevgh]hgbrvijh^he`Ze hg]h\hjblvihwlhfm lu fh`_rvgZclb k_[y\ ^Zggucfhf_glkgh\Z aZjme_fWlh [m^_l hq_gvdhjhldh_ hsms_gb_dhlhjh_ g_^Zkl l_[_\j_f_gb ^mfZlvG_h`b^ZgghkdZ`_flu h[gZjm`brvk_[y _^msbfdZd lu ^_eZe lZkyqbjZaGh ij_`^_q_f lu kfh`_rv m^b\blvky k_[_lu aZf_qZ_rv g_h[uqgh_h[jZah\Zgb_ i_j_^ \_ljh\uf kl_dehf?keb lu ihkfhljbrv[eb`_lu ihcf_rvqlh wlh h[eZdhdhlhjh_ \u]ey^blih^h[gh [e_klys_fmdhevpm ebklv_\ Hgh ihoh^blkdZ`_fgZ ebphijyfh ihkj_^bg_[Z i_j_^lh[hc Dh]^Z lugZ[ex^Z_rv _]hlu m\b^brvqlh hgh^\b`_lky gZaZ^ ihdZ g_klZgh\blky lhevdhk\_jdZxs_c lhqdhcgZ jZkklhygbbZ aZl_f lu aZf_lbrvqlh hghgZqZeh ^\b]Zlvkyd l_[_ kgh\Z hgh ijbh[j_lZ_l kdhjhklv b \ f]gh\_gb_ hdZ \^j_[_a]b jZa[b\Z_l kl_dehl\h_c fZrbguLu kbevgucb ym\_j_gqlh kf_jlb ihlj_[m_lky^\Z m^ZjZqlh[u ^h[jZlvky^h l_[y D lhfm \j_f_gblu magZ_rv]^_ lub qlh kemqbehkv k lh[hcebph hlklmiblkgh\Z ^h]hjbahglZgZ[_j_l kdhjhklvb khdjmrbl l_[yEbph \hc^_l\gmljv l_[yb lh]^Zlu magZ_rv hgh [uehebphf heebbeb hgh[ueh fghc]h\hjysbfbeb lh[hc ibsmsbfKf_jlv [ueZimklydhf \k_\j_fyF_ehqvxHgZ [ueZ djhr_qghc lhqdhcaZl_jy\r_cky gZebklZo l\h_]h[ehdghlZB \k_ `_hgZ \hreZ \gmljv l_[y k g_m^_j`bfhc kbehc b aZklZ\beZ l_[y jZkrbjblvkyhgZ aZklZ\bl l_[y k^_eZlvky jh\guf b jZkijhkljZgblvkyih g_[mb a_fe_b aZgbfbB lu [m^_rv ih^h[_glmfZgm \f_evqZcrbo djbklZeeZo^\b`msboky m^Zeyxsboky F_gy hq_gv aZo\ZlbehhibkZgb_ fh_ckf_jlbY h`b^Ze mkeurZlv g_qlh lZdh_ hlebqgh_Y g_fh] ]h\hjblv gbq_]h ^he]h_ \j_fy Kf_jlv \oh^blq_j_a `b\hlijh^he`Ze hgIjyfh q_j_a hdgh \hebWlh f_klhy\ey_lky gZb[he__ \Z`ghc b qm\kl\bl_evghc qZklvx q_eh\_dZWlh h[eZklv\heb b lZd`_ h[eZklvq_j_a dhlhjmx\k_ fumfbjZ_fY agZxwlhihlhfm qlh fhc heeb ijb\h^be f_gy d wlhc klZ^bbFZ] ijbkihkZ[eb\Z_l k\hx \hexiha\heyy k\h_ckf_jlb h\eZ^_lv bfZ dh]^Zhg klZgh\blkyiehkdbf bgZqbgZ_l jZkrbjylvky _]h g_ih]j_rbfZy\hey [_j_l\_jo bkh[bjZ_l lmfZg\ ^jm]h]h q_eh\_dZ kgh\Z >hg OmZg k^_eZekljZgguc `_klHg jZkdjue k\hb jmdb ih^h[gh ^\mf \__jZfih^gye bagZ mjh\_gv k\hbo ehdl_c ih\_jgme boihdZ _]h[hevrb_ iZevpug_ dhkgmebkv[hdh\Z aZl_f i_j_g_k bof_ê_ggh \f_kl_d p_gljml_eZ gZ^ k\hbf imidhfHg ^_j`Zebo lZfg_dhlhjh_ \j_fy?]h jmdb ^jh`Zeb hl gZijy`_gbyAZl_f hg ih^gyebo b dhgqbdZfb kj_^gbo iZevp_\ dhkgmekye[ZZ aZl_fhimklbe bo\ lh`_ iheh`_gb_d p_gljm k\h_]hl_eZ Wlh [ue kljZrguc`_kl>hg OmZg\uihegbe _]hk lZdhc kbehc bdjZkhlhcqlh y[ue hqZjh\Zg Wlh fZ]kh[bjZ_l k\hx\hexkdZaZe hggh dh]^Z klZjhklv ^_eZ_l _]h keZ[uf_]h \heykeZ[__l b ijboh^bl g_ba[_`guc fhf_gldh]^Z hgg_ fh`_l[hevr_ mijZ\eylvk\h_c \he_cLh]^Z hg g_ bf__l gbq_]hqlh[u ijhlb\blvky [_afhe\ghc kbe__]h kf_jlbb _]h`bagv klZgh\blky ih^h[gZ `bagb \k_o hdjm`Zxsbo_]h ex^_cjZkrbjyxsbfky lmfZghf ^\b`msbfky aZ_]h ij_^_eu >hg OmZgijbklZevgh ihkfhlj_egZ f_gyb hklZgh\bekyHg ^jh`Ze Lu fh`_rvb^lb ddmklZf l_i_jvkdZaZe hgm`_ ihke_ihem^_ggh_ \j_fy Fg_ gm`gh[ueh b^lbgh yg_ hl\Z`b\ZekyY qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y\hafh`ghkdhj__ g_j\ghq_f bkim]ZgghH^gZdhm f_gy g_ [ueh[hevr_ fjZqgh]hij_^qm\kl\by h[heeb >hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh wlhg_ bf_eh agZq_gbydZd y qm\kl\mx k_[y_keb y[ue l\_j^Hg aZ\_jbef_gyqlh y [ue \iheghc nhjf_b fh][_ahiZkgh b^lb\ dmkluihdZ y g_ ijb[eb`Zeky d\h^_ Wlh ^jm]h_^_ehkdZaZe hgFg_ gm`gh bkdmiZlv l_[y _s_jZaihwlhfm ^_j`bkvih^Zevr_ hl\hû Iha^g__ hgih`_eZeqlh[u yhl\_a _]h\ khk_^gbc]hjh^ Y mihfygmeqlh ih_a^dZ[m^_l ijbylghci_j_f_ghc êy f_gy ihlhfm qlhy [ue\k_ _s_keZ[fukevqlh fZ]^_ckl\bl_evgh b]jZe khk\h_c kf_jlvx[ueZ kh\_jr_gghm`Zkghc êyf_gy ;ulv fZ]hfwlh m`Zkguc]jmakdZaZe hgm[_`^_gguf lhghfY ]h\hjbe l_[_qlh gZfgh]h emqr_ gZmqblvky \b^_lvQ_eh\_ddhlhjuc \b^blwlh \k_\ kjZ\g_gbbk gbf fZ]wlh [_^gucq_eh\_d Qlh lZdh_fZ]by^hg OmZg" Hg kfhlj_e gZ f_gy^he]h_ \j_fy b ihqlb g_aZf_lgh ihljyk ]heh\hc FZ]by wlh agZqblijbeh`blv k\hx\hex d dexq_\hfm a\_gmkdZaZe hgfZ]by wlh \f_rZl_evkl\hFZ] bs_lb gZoh^bl dexq_\h_a\_gh \h\k_fgZ qlhhg ohq_l\ha^_ckl\h \Zlvb aZl_f hgijbeZ]Z_l lm^Zk\hx \hexFZ]m g_ gZ^h \b^_lvqlh[u [ulvfZ]hf<k_qlh _fmgZ^h agZlvwlh dZd ihevah\Zlvkyk\h_c \he_c Y ihijhkbe _]h h[tykgblvqlh hgbf__l \ \b^m ih^ dexq_\uf a\_ghfHg aZ^mfZekygZ f]gh\_gb_Z aZl_fkdZaZe qlh hgagZeq_f [ueZfhy fZrbgZ Wlh y\ghfZrbgZkdZaZe y Y bf_x\ \b^mqlh l\hyfZrbgZ wlh aZiZevgu_k\_qb Wlh dexq_\h_ a\_ghêy f_gyY fh]mijbeh`blv d g_fm fhx \hexb l\hyfZrbgZ g_[m^_l jZ[hlZlv >hg OmZgk_e \fhx fZrbgmHg ihdZaZefg_ k^_eZlv lZd `_dZd hgkZfb m^h[ghk_klv GZ[ex^Zc aZ l_fqlh y^_eZxkdZaZe hgY \hjhgZihwlhfm\ i_j\mxhq_j_^v yjZkimsm k\hbi_jvy Hg aZ^jh`Ze \k_fk\hbf l_ehf?]h ^\b`_gby gZihfgbeb fg_ \hjh[vykfZqb\Zxs_]h k\hbi_jvy \em`_Hg himklbek\hx ]heh\mih^h[gh ilbp_fZdZxs_c k\hcdex\ \\h^m Wlh ^_ckl\bl_evghohjhrh qm\kl\m_lkykdZaZe hg b aZkf_yeky ?]h kf_o [ue kljZggufHg bf_e hq_gv g_h[uqgh_ ]bighlbq_kdh_ \ha^_ckl\b_ gZf_gyY \kihfgbeqlh keurZe lZdhc `__]h kf_ofgh]h jZaij_`^_<hafh`ghqlh ijbqbghc ihq_fm y gbdh]^Zhldjulh g_khagZ\Ze _]h[ueh lhqlh hg gbdh]^Z g_kf_yeky ih^h[ghwlhfm \fh_f ijbkmlkl\bb AZl_f \hjhgZ jZkkeZ[ey_lk\hx r_xkdZaZe hg b gZqZe djmlblvk\h_c r__cb l_j_lvkys_dZfb hk\hb ie_qb AZl_f hgZkfhljbl gZfbj h^gbf]eZahfZ ihlhf^jm]bf ?]h ]heh\Z \kljyob\ZeZkvdh]^Z hg ml\_j^bl_evgh i_j_deZû\Ze k\hc \a]ey^gZ fbjk h^gh]h]eZaZ gZ ^jm]hc A\md _]hkf_oZ ih\ukbekyM f_gy[ueh g_e_ih_qm\kl\hqlh hg kh[bjZ_lkyij_\jZlblvky \\hjhgm ijyfhgZ fhbo]eZaZoY ohl_e hl^_eZlvky kf_ohfgh y[ue ihqlb iZjZebah\ZgY ^_ckl\bl_evgh qm\kl\h\ZedZdmxlh ho\Zlu\Zxsmxkbem \hdjm] f_gyY g_ qm\kl\h\Zegb kljZoZgb ]heh\hdjm`_gbygb khgeb\hklbFhb kihkh[ghklb g_[ueb aZljhgmluih fh_fm fg_gbx AZ\h^b k\hxfZrbgm l_i_jvkdZaZe ^hgOmZg Y \dexqbeklZjl_j bZ\lhfZlbq_kdb gZ`ZegZ i_^Zev]ZaZ KlZjl_j aZ\jZsZekygh aZ`b]ZgbyfhlhjZ g_[ueh>hg OmZg aZkf_yeky lbobfjblfbqguf obobdZgv_fY ihijh[h\Ze\dexqblv kgh\Z[ueh lh`_ kgh\ZY ihljZlbe\hafh`gh^_kylv fbgml \jZsZy klZjl_jfh_c fZrbgu>hg OmZgobobdZe \k_wlh \j_fy Lh]^Z yhldZaZeky bkb^_e lZfk ly`_ehc]heh\hc Hg dhgqbe kf_ylvky bjZkkfZljb\Ze f_gyb y agZe lh]^Zqlh _]hkf_o \\h^bef_gy \]bighlbq_kdbc ljZgkOhly y \iheg_khagZ\Ze lhqlh ijhbkoh^behy qm\kl\h\Zeqlh y g_ [ue kZfbf kh[hc< l_q_gb_\j_f_gbdh]^Z y g_ fh] aZ\_klb k\hx fZrbgmy [uehq_gv ihkemrgufihqlb hg_f_e >hg OmZgdZd [m^lhk^_eZe qlhlh g_lhevdh kfh_c fZrbghc gh bkh fghclh`_Dh]^Z hgdhgqbe obobdZlvy [uem[_`^_g qlh dhe^h\kl\h dhgqbehkvb klj_fbl_evghgZ`Ze gZ klZjl_j kgh\ZY [uem\_j_gqlh ^hgOmZg lhevdh]bighlbabjh\Ze f_gy k\hbf kf_ohfb aZklZ\eyef_gy ih\_jblvqlh yg_ fh]aZ\_klb fZrbgmM]hedhf ]eZaZ y \b^_eqlh hg k ex[hiulkl\hf gZ[ex^Ze aZfghcdh]^Z y\dexqZe fhlhjb g_bklh\hgZdZqb\Ze ]Za >hg OmZgfy]dh ihoehiZef_gy bkdZaZeqlh g_bklh\kl\h k^_eZ_l f_gy l\_jûfb\hafh`ghfg_ g_ gm`gh [m^_l dmiZlvky \ \h^_ kgh\ZQ_f [he__g_bklh\uf y [m^ml_f kdhj__ ykfh]m hijZ\blvkyhl fh_c\klj_qb kheeb G_ kfmsZckykdZaZe ^hgOmZg>Z\b gh]hcfZrbgm Hg jZajZabeky _kl_kl\_gguf h[uqguf kf_ohfb y ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[ykf_rgh b]emih\Zlh aZkf_yeky Q_j_a g_dhlhjh_\j_fy ^hgOmZg kdZaZeqlh hghk\h[h^be fZrbgmB hgZaZ\_eZkv =eZ\Z q_ lu jg Z^ pZ lZ y k_gly[jy ]h^Z <hdjm] ^hfZ ^hgZ OmZgZ[ueh qlhlh `mldh_< wlhl fhf_gl y ^mfZeqlh hg kijylZeky ]^_lh ih[ebahklb b gZ[ex^Ze aZfghcY ihdjbqZe_fmZ aZl_fkh[jZe ^hklZlhqgh fm`_kl\Zqlh[u \hclb \gmljv>hgZ OmZgZlZf g_ [uehY ihklZ\be ^\_kmfdb [ZdZe_cguolh\Zjh\dhlhju_ yijb\_agZ dmqm ^jh\b k_e^h`b^Zlvky _]hdZd ^_eZefgh]h jZajZgvr_ Gh \ i_j\uc jZaaZ \k_]hû fh_ck\yab k^hghf OmZghf y bkim]Zeky hklZ\Zlvky h^bg \ _]h ^hf_Y qm\kl\h\Ze ijbkmlkl\b_ dh]hlh g_\b^bfh]h a^_kv kh fghcLh]^Z y \kihfgbeqlh g_kdhevdhe_l gZaZ^m f_gy[ueh lh`_ kZfh_ g_ykgh_ qm\kl\hqlh qlhlh g_ba\_klgh_[jh^beh \hdjm]f_gy dh]^Z y[ue h^bgY \kdhqbeb \u[_`Zeba ^hfZ Y ijb_oZeqlh[u m\b^_lv^hgZ OmZgZb jZkkdZaZlv _fm qlh gZdhie_ggu_wnn_dlu aZ^Zqb\b^_gvygZeh`beb k\hx^Zgv gZ f_gyY gZqZe qm\kl\h\Zlv [_kihdhckl\hg_ykgh \hkijbgbfZ_fh_ [_adZdhceb[h hq_\b^ghcijbqbgumklZehklv g_ [m^mqb mlhfe_ggufAZl_f fhy j_Zdpby gZ ijbkmlkl\b_ h^ghfm \^hf_ ^hgZOmZgZ \ua\ZeZ\h fg_h[smx iZfylvh lhf dZd kljhbekyfhc kljZo\ ijhrehf KljZo i_j_g_k f_gygZ g_kdhevdhe_l gZaZ^dh]^Z ^hg OmZg gZ\yaZe fg_ hq_gv g_h[uqgh_ kjZ\g_gb_ f_`^m `_gsbghcfZ]hfdhlhjmx hggZau\Ze eZ DZlZebgZb fghc Wlh gZqZehkvghy[jy ]h^Zdh]^Z ygZr_e _]h\ ^hf_k \u\bogmlhc ehû`dhcHg h[tykgbeqlh mg_]h [ue \jZ] \_^vfZdhlhjZy fh]eZh[_jgmlvky q_jguf^jha^hf b dhlhjZy iulZeZkv m[blv_]h DZd lhevdhy kfh]moh^blvy ihdZ`ml_[_dlh wlZ `_gsbgZkdZaZe ^hgOmZgLu ^he`_gagZlvdlh hgZ_klv Ihq_fm hgZohq_l m[blvl_[y" Hg g_l_ji_eb\h ih`Ze ie_qZfb b hldZaZeky hl\_qZlv qlhgb[m^v _s_ Y \_jgmekym\b^_lv _]h^_kylv ^g_ckimkly bgZr_e _]h kh\_js_ggh a^hjh\ufHg ihdjmlbe k\h_c ehû`dhcqlh[u ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv fg_qlh hgZ\ ij_djZkghfkhklhygbbb ijbibkZe k\h_ [ukljh_ \ua^hjh\e_gb_ ijbjh^_ ]bikh\hc ih\yadbdhlhjmx hgkZf k^_eZe Ohjhrhqlh lu a^_kvkdZaZe hgK_]h^gy y kh[bjZxkv \aylvl_[y \g_[hevrh_ iml_r_kl\b_ AZl_f hg gZijZ\be f_gy_oZlv \[_aex^gh_ f_klhFu hklZgh\bebkv lZf^hg OmZg \ulygmek\hb gh]b b m^h[gh mkljhbeky gZ \b^_gvbdZd [m^lhkh[bjZykv \a^j_fgmlvHg \_e_e fg_jZkkeZ[blvky bhklZ\Zlvky kh\_jr_gghkihdhcgufhg kdZaZeqlh fu ^he`gu [ulv dZd fh`gh g_aZf_lg__ ^h gZklmie_gby kmf_j_dihlhfm qlhiha^gbc \_q_j [ue hq_gv hiZkguf \j_f_g_fêy ^_eZdhlhjuf fuaZgbfZ_fky DZdbf ^_ehffu aZgbfZ_fky"kijhkbe y Fu a^_kv êylh]hqlh[u hlf_lblveZ DZlZebgm kdZaZe hg Dh]^Z klZeh agZqbl_evghl_fghfu g_aZf_lgh\ureb ba fZrbgu b hq_gv f_ê_ggh b [_krmfgh \hreb \ imklugguc qZiiZjZev K f_klZ]^_ fuhklZgh\bebkvy fh]jZa]ey^_lv l_fgu_ kbemwlu ohefh\ ih h[_bf klhjhgZfFu [ueb \ iehkdhf djZkb\hfrbjhdhf dZgvhg_>hg OmZg ^Ze fg_ ih^jh[gmx bgkljmdpbx h lhfdZd hklZ\Zlvkykebluf k qZiZjZe_fb gZmqbe f_gykihkh[m kb^_lv\ [h^jkl\h\ZgbbdZd hggZau\Ze wlhHg \_e_efg_ ih^h]gmlvfhx ijZ\mxgh]m ih^fh_ e_\h_ [_^jh bkhojZgylv fhxe_\mx gh]m\ keh`_gghfiheh`_gbbHg h[tykgbeqlh ih^h]gmlZy gh]Zbkihevah\ZeZkv \ dZq_kl\_ ijm`bgu êylh]hqlh[u \klZlvk [hevrhckdhjhklvx_keb wlh [m^_l g_h[oh^bfufAZl_f hg\_e_e fg_kb^_lv ebphfgZ aZiZ^ ihlhfm qlhwlh [uehgZijZ\e_gb_ ^hfZ`_gsbguHg k_e jy^hf kh fghckijZ\Zb r_ihlhfkdZaZe fg_^_j`Zlv fhb ]eZaZ knhdmkbjh\Zggufb gZ a_fexbsZbebkdhj__h`b^Zy \hegm \_ljZdhlhjZy ijhba\_^_l\heg_gb_ \dmklZoDh]^Z \heg_gb_ dhkg_lky dmklh\gZ dhlhju_y nhdmkbjh\Zefhc ijbklZevguc \a]ey^y ^he`_g[ue \a]eygmlv\\_jo bm\b^_lv dhe^mgvx \h \k_f __ \_ebdhe_ighf aeh\_s_f [e_kd_>hg OmZg ^_ckl\bl_evgh bkihevah\Ze wlbkeh\ZDh]^Z yihijhkbe _]h h[tykgblvqlh hg bf__l\ \b^mhg kdZaZeqlh_keb y h[gZjm`m \heg_gb_\ dmklZoy ijhklh^he`_g ihkfhlj_lv\\_jo b m\b^_lv kZfihlhfm qlhdhe^mgvy \ihe_l_bf_eZ lZdhc g_h[udgh\_gguc \b^qlh wlhg_ ih^^Z\Zehkvh[tykg_gbyf >me qbkluckihdhcguc \_l_jb y^mfZeqlh yh[gZjm`be \heg_gb_ \ dmklZofgh]h jZaY ih^gbfZe]eZaZ dZ`ûc jZa ]hlh\ykv dljZgkp_g^_glZevghfm i_j_`b\Zgbxgh ygbq_]h g_ \b^_eDZ`ûc jZadh]^Z \_l_jjZa^m\Ze dmklu^hg OmZg wg_j]bqgh m^Zjye gh]hc iha_fe_ih\hjZqb\Zykv djm]hf b ^\b]Zy jmdZfbdZd [m^lhhgb [bebKbeZ _]h^\b`_gbc [ueZ qj_a\uqZcghc Ihke_ g_kdhevdbog_m^Zq m\b^_lvdhe^mgvx \ ihe_l_y m\_jbekyqlh g_[m^m k\b^_l_e_f gbdZdh]h ljZgkp_g^_glZ evgh]h kh[ulbyh^gZdh^hg OmZgihdZau\Ze kbemlZd hkljh qlh yg_ ihfgbedZd ijh\_eghqv GZ jZkk\_l_^hg OmZgih^k_e dhfg_HgdZaZehkv[ue kh\_jr_ggh bagmj_gHg _^\Zfh] ^\b]ZlvkyHg e_]gZ kibgmb ijh[hjfhlZeqlh _fmg_ m^Zehkvijhgablv `_gsbgmY [ue kbevgh aZbgljb]h\Zg wlbf aZy\e_gb_fhg ih\lhjbe _]h g_kdhevdh jZab dZ`ûcjZa _]hlhg klZgh\beky \k_ [he__ mgueuf[he__ hlqZyggufY gZqZe i_j_`b\Zlv g_h[uqgh_ [_kihdhckl\hFg_ [uehhq_gv e_]dhijh_pbjh\Zlv fhbqm\kl\Z gZ gZkljh_gb_^hgZ OmZgZ >hg OmZg gbq_]h g_ mihfbgZeh[ wlhf kemqZ_ beb h `_gsbg_ g_kdhevdh f_kyp_\Y ^mfZeqlh hgbeb aZ[ue beb j_rbe \k_ ^_ehH^gZdhh^gZ`û y gZr_e _]h \ hq_gv \a\hegh\Zgghf gZkljh_gbbb \ fZg_j_dhlhjZy [ueZ kh\_jr_ggh g_k\hckl\_ggZ_]h _kl_kl\_gghfmkihdhckl\bxhg kdZaZe fg_qlh q_jguc ^jha^kb^_e i_j_^gbf ij_û^ms_c ghqvxb qlhhg ^Z`_g_ aZkgmeBkdmkkl\h `_gsbgu[ueh lZdbf [hevrbfqlh hg kh\k_fg_ qm\kl\h\Ze__ ijbkmlkl\byHg kdZaZeqlhd kqZklvxhg ijhkgmeky\ hij_^_e_ggucfhf_gl qlh[u ih^]hlh\blvkyd kZfhfmm`Zkghfm [hxaZ k\hx`bagvLhg ^hgZ OmZgZ [ue \a\hegh\Zggucihqlb iZl_lbq_kdbcY ihqm\kl\h\Ze g_ij_h^hebfmx\hegm `Zehklbb [_kihdhckl\Z < fjZqghfb ^jZfZlbq_kdhflhg_ hg\gh\v ih^l\_j^beqlh m g_]hg_ [uehkihkh[Z hklZgh\blv__ bqlh \ke_^mxsbc jZa dh]^Z hgZ ijb^_ld g_fmwlh [m^_l_]h ihke_^gbc ^_gv gZ a_fe_Y klZe mgueufb [ue_^\Z g_\ ke_aZo>hg OmZg dZaZehkvaZf_lbe fh_]em[hdh_ [_kihdhckl\hb aZkf_yekydZd y ih^mfZeojZ[jhHg ihoehiZef_gy ihkibg_ bkdZaZeqlh[u y g_l_jaZekyqlh hg_s_ g_\iheg_ ihl_jygihlhfm qlhbf_e h^gm ihke_^gxxdZjlmdhaujgmx dZjlm <hbg `b\_lkljZl_]bq_kdbkdZaZe hgmeu[Zykv <hbg gbdh]^Z g_ [_j_lky aZ]jmadhlhjuc hg g_ fh`_l m^_j`Zlv \jmdZo Meu[dZ ^hgZ OmZgZbf_eZ kbemjZah]gZlv aeh\_sb_ lmqb km^v[uY \g_aZighihqm\kl\h\Ze ijbih^gylh_gZkljh_gb_b fu h[Z aZkf_yebkvHg ihoehiZef_gy ih]heh\_ Lu agZ_rvba \k_o\_s_c gZa_fe_lu wlh fhy ihke_^gyy dZjlZkdZaZe hghlju\bklh\a]eygm\ fg_ijyfh \ ]eZaZ Qlh" Lu y\ey_rvkyfh_c dhaujghcdZjlhc \fh_f [hx ijhlb\ wlhc \_^vfu Y g_ ihgyeqlh hgbf__l \\b^mb hg h[tykgbeqlh `_gsbgZ g_agZeZ f_gyb qlh_keb yku]jZx k\h_cjmdhc lZd dZd hg mdZ`_lfg_m f_gy[m^_l [he__q_f ohjhrbcrZgk ijhgablv __ Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m ih^wlbf ijhgablv __" Lu g_fh`_rv m[blv__gh lu^he`_g ijhgablv__dZd \ha^mrguc rZj?keb lu k^_eZ_rvwlhhgZ hklZ\bl f_gy h^gh]hGh g_ ^mfZc h[wlhf l_i_jvY kdZ`m l_[_qlh ^_eZlvdh]^Z ijb^_l\j_fy Ijhreb f_kypuY aZ[uekemqZc b[ue m^b\e_gdh]^Z y ijb[ue h^gZ`û \ _]h^hf^hg OmZg\u[_`Ze bg_ ^Ze fg_ \uclb bafZrbgu Lu ^he`_g m_oZlv g_f_ê_gghijhr_ilZe hg kh kljZrghc [_ahleZ]Zl_evghklvxKemrZc \gbfZl_evghDmib jm`v_beb ^hklZgv_]h ex[uf\hafh`guf iml_fg_ ijbghkbfg_ k\h_ kh[kl\_ggh_jm`v_lu ihgbfZ_rv"Ijbg_kb ex[h_ jm`v_ aZ bkdexq_gb_f k\h_]h kh[kl\_ggh]hb ijbg_kb _]h kx^Z g_f_ê_ggh AZq_f l_[_jm`v_" HlijZ\eycky k_cqZk`_ Y \_jgmekyk jm`v_fM f_gyg_ [ueh^hklZlhqgh ^_g_] qlh[u dmiblv_]hgh fhc^jm] ^Zefg_ k\h_klZjh_ jm`v_>hg OmZg g_ihkfhlj_e gZg_]hhg h[tykgbekf_ykvqlh hg [ue j_ahd khfghcihlhfm qlhq_jguc ^jha^[ue gZdjur_ _]h^hfZ b hgg_ ohl_eqlh[u hgZ\b^_eZ f_gy H[gZjm`b\ q_jgh]h^jha^Z gZdjur_m f_gy \hagbdeZ fukevqlh lufh] ijbg_klbjm`v_ bijhgablv __ba g_]h kdZaZe ^hg OmZg \ujZabl_evghY g_ohqmqlh[u k lh[hc qlhgb[m^v kemqbehkvihwlhfm yihkh\_lh\Zeqlh[u ludmibe jm`v_ beb^hklZe _]hdZdbfgb[m^v ^jm]bfiml_f<b^brv eb lu ^he`_gmgbqlh`blv jm`v_ihke_ \uiheg_gbyaZ^Zqb H dZdhcaZ^Zq_ lu]h\hjbrv" Lu ^he`_g ihiulZlvkyijhgablv `_gsbgm ba k\h_]h jm`vy Hg aZklZ\bef_gy gZqbklblvjm`v_gZl_j_\ _]h k\_`bfb ebklvyfb bkl_[eyfb hkh[hiZogms_]h jZkl_gbyHg kZfijhl_j h[Z iZljhgZ b\eh`be bo\ kl\heuAZl_f hgkdZaZeqlh y ^he`_g kijylZlvky aZ _]h^hfhf b`^Zlv ^hl_o ihjihdZ q_jguc ^jha^ g_ ky^_l gZ djurmb aZl_flsZl_evgh ijbp_eb\rbkvy ^he`_g[ue \uiZeblvba h[_bokl\heh\Wnn_dl m^b\e_gby[hevr_q_f ^jh[vijhgabl `_gsbgmb_keb y[ue kbevguf b j_rbl_evgufy fh]aZklZ\blv __hklZ\blv _]h \ ihdh_LZdbf h[jZahffhy jmdZ^he`gZ [ulv [_amij_qghc b lZdbf `_fh_ j_r_gb_ijhgablv __ Lu ^he`_gijhgabl_evgh aZdjbqZlv\ fhf_gl\uklj_eZ kdZaZe hgWlh ^he`_g[ulv m[_^bl_evgucb ijhgabl_evguc \udjbd AZl_f hgkeh`be dmqmba imqdh\[Zf[mdZ b^jh\ \^_kylb nmlZo hl jZfZ^Z _]h^hfZHg \_e_efg_ hi_j_lvky gZ wlm dmqmIheh`_gb_ [uehhq_gv m^h[gufY ihemkb^_efhy kibgZ [ueZ ohjhrhihî_jlZb mf_gy [ueohjhrbc h[ahjdjurb Hg kdZaZeqlh \_^vf_[ueh _s_kebrdhf jZghihy\blvky b qlh ^hl_fghlu fukfh`_f k^_eZlv\k_ ijb]hlh\e_gbyaZl_f hg ijbl\hjblkyqlh hgaZi_jky \^hf_êy lh]hqlh[u ijb\e_qv __ b\ua\Zlv _s_h^gh gZiZ^_gb_gZ k\hxebqghklvHg \_e_e fg_ jZkkeZ[blvky b gZclbm^h[gh_ iheh`_gb_qlh[u y fh] \uklj_eblv [_a ^\b`_gbyHg aZklZ\bef_gy ijbp_eblvky gZ djurm iZjmjZa baZdexqbeqlh ^_ckl\b_ih^gbfZgb_ jm`vy d fh_fm ie_qm b ijbp_eb\Zgb_ [ueb kebrdhf f_ê_ggufb b g_kdeZ^gufbAZl_f hgihkljhbe ihîhjdmêy jm`vyHg k^_eZe ^\Z ]em[hdbohl\_jklby `_e_aguf[jmkdhfihf_klbe \gbo ^\_ jh]mevdb b ijb\yaZe êbggmx`_j^v f_`^m bo jZa\bebgZfb Dhgkljmdpby ^Z\ZeZfg_ mihjêy klj_ev[ub iha\heyeZ^_j`Zlv jm`v_ gZp_e_ggufgZ djurm >hg OmZgihkfhlj_e gZg_[h bkdZaZeqlh _fm[ueh \j_fy b^lb \^hfHg \klZeb f_ê_gghb kihdhcghihr_e \gmljv^Z\ fg_ ihke_^g__ ij_^hkl_j_`_gb_qlh fh_klZjZgb_ g_ [ueh rmldhc bqlh y^he`_g [ueihjZablv ilbpmk i_j\h]h\uklj_eZ Ihke_ lh]hdZd ^hgOmZg mr_e\k_]h ebrv g_kdhevdh fbgml [ueb kmf_jdbZ aZl_f klZeh kh\_jr_ggh l_fgh DZaZehkvdZd [m^lh l_fghlZ `^ZeZ^h l_o ihjihdZ y hklZgmkv h^bgb \g_aZighkimklbeZkv gZf_gyY iulZeky knhdmkbjh\Zlv fhb]eZaZ gZdjur_dhlhjZy \ujbkh\u\ZeZkvgZ nhg_ g_[ZgZ \j_fygZ ]hjbahgl_[ueh ^hklZlhqgh k\_lZ ihwlhfm hq_jlZgbydjurb [ueb_s_ \b^bfugh aZl_fg_[h klZeh q_jgufb y _^\Zfh] \b^_lv^hfY khojZgye k\hb ]eZaZ knhdmkbjh\Zggufb gZdjur_ qZkug_ aZf_qZykh\k_f gbq_]hY \b^_e iZjmkh\ijhe_l_\rbo dk_\_jmjZafZo bodjuev_\ [ue kh\_jr_ggh m^b\bl_evgufb bog_evay [uehijbgylv aZq_jguo ^jha^h\< hij_^_e_ggucfhf_glh^gZdhy hlq_leb\haZf_lbe q_jgmx l_gv fZe_gvdhc ilbpuk_\r_c gZ djurmWlh hij_^_e_ggh ilbpZFh_ k_j^p_gZqZeh kbevgh klmqZlvy ihqm\kl\h\Ze ]me\ fhbomrZoY ijbp_ebeky\ ilbpmb kimklbe h[Z dmjdZJZa^Zeky hq_gv]jhfdbc \uklj_eY ihqm\kl\h\Ze kbevgmx hl^Zqm jm`_cgh]hijbdeZ^Z \fh_ ie_qhb \lhl `_ kZfuc fhf_gl y mkeurZehq_gv ijhgabl_evguc b m`ZkZxsbc q_eh\_q_kdbc djbdHg [ue]jhfdbc b`mldbc bdZaZehkvr_e k djurbM f_gy[ue fhf_glihegh]h aZf_rZl_evkl\ZAZl_f y \kihfgbeqlh ^hg OmZgmdZau\Ze fg_ aZdjbqZlv \ fhf_gl \uklj_eZZ yaZ[ue wlhk^_eZlvY ih^mfZei_j_aZjy^blv fh_ jm`v_dh]^Z ^hg OmZghldjue ^\_jvb \u[_`ZeHg ^_j`Ze d_jhkbgh\mx eZfimHg dZaZekyhq_gv \a\hegh\Zgguf Y ^mfZxlu ihiZe\ g__kdZaZe hgfu ^he`gu l_i_jv gZclbf_jl\mx ilbpm Hg ijbg_ke_klgbpm b\_e_e fg_aZe_alv bihkfhlj_lv gZ jZfZ^Zgh ygbq_]h g_gZr_e lZfHg \e_ab ihkfhlj_ekZfk jZ\gh hljbpZl_evgufbj_amevlZlZfb Fh`_l [ulvlu jZag_kilbpm gZdmkdbkdZaZe ^hg OmZg\ lZdhfkemqZ_fu ^he`gugZclbih djZcg_c f_j_ i_jvy KgZqZeZ fugZqZeb hkfZljb\Zlv\hdjm] jZfZ^ZZ aZl_f \hdjm] ^hfZFu hkfZljb\Zebijb k\_l_eZfiu ^hmljZAZl_f fu kgh\ZgZqZeb hkfZljb\Zlv\kx iehsZ^vdhlhjmx fuihdjueb \ l_q_gb_ghqbHdheh ^hg OmZgij_djZlbe gZrbihbkdb Hg k_em^jmq_gguc]emih\Zlh meu[gmekyfg_ bkdZaZeqlh fg_ g_ m^Zehkv ijbdhgqblv_]h \jZ]Zb qlhl_i_jv[he__q_f dh]^Zeb[h ij_`^__]h `bagvg_ klhbeZdjbdZ kh\uihlhfm qlh `_gsbgZ[ueZ g_khfg_gghjZa^jZ`_gZ b`Z`^ZeZ hlhfklblv Lu \ [_ahiZkghklbh^gZdhkdZaZe ^hg OmZg m\_j_ggh`_gsbgZ g_agZ_l l_[y Dh]^Z y r_ed k\h_cfZrbg_qlh[u \_jgmlvky^hfhcy kijhkbe _]h^he`_g eby mgbqlh`Zlvjm`v_Hg kdZaZeqlh jm`v_ g_k^_eZeh gbq_]hb qlhy fh]\_jgmlv _]h\eZ^_evpmY aZf_lbe ]em[hdh_ hlqZygb_\ ]eZaZo^hgZ OmZgZIjb wlhf y ihqm\kl\h\Ze lZdh_\heg_gb_qlh ykh[bjZeky aZieZdZlv Q_f yfh]m ihfhqvl_[_"kijhkbe y Lu gbq_]hg_ fh`_rvk^_eZlvkdZaZe ^hgOmZg Fu fheqZebg_dhlhjh_ \j_fyY ohl_em_oZlv g_f_ê_ggh Y qm\kl\h\Ze]g_lmsmx fmdmFg_ [uehg_ ihk_[_ Ohl_e [ulu ^_ckl\bl_evghihiulZlvky ihfhqvfg_" kijhkbe ^hgOmZg ijhklh^mrguflhghf Y kgh\Z kdZaZe _fmqlh y \_kv p_ebdhf \ _]h jZkihjy`_gbbqlh fhy ijb\yaZgghklv d g_fm [ueZ lZdhc ]em[hdhcqlh yfh] [uij_îjbgylv ex[hc\b^ ^_ckl\byqlh[u ihfhqv _fm >hg OmZgmeu[gmeky b\gh\v kijhkbe^_ckl\bl_evgh eby bf_x lZdh_ gZf_j_gb_b ykljZklgh \gh\v ih^l\_j^be k\h_ `_eZgb_ ihfhqv_fm ?keb lu^_ckl\bl_evgh gZf_j_gkdZaZe hgm f_gy _klv _s_h^bg rZgk HgdZaZehkv[ue m^h\e_l\hj_gHg rbjhdhmeu[gmeky b ihoehiZe k\hbfbjmdZfb g_kdhevdhjZa wlh [uehlhqlh hg \k_]^Z ^_eZedh]^Z ohl_e\ujZablv qm\kl\h m^h\hevkl\by Baf_g_gb_ _]h gZkljh_gby[ueh lZdbfm^b\bl_evgufqlh hgh lZd`_ aZo\Zlbehf_gyY \g_aZighihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh ]g_lms__ gZkljh_gb_kljZ^Zgb_[ueh ij_h^he_ghb `bagv[ueZ kgh\Z g_h[tykgbfh ijh[m`^_gZ>hg OmZgk_eb y k^_eZe lh `_ kZfh_Hg kfhlj_egZ f_gy^he]h_ \j_fyb aZl_f ijh^he`Ze ]h\hjblv fg_ hq_gv kihdhcgh bhklhjh`ghqlh y [ue\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb_^bgkl\_gguf q_eh\_dhfdhlhjuc fh]ihfhqv _fm \ wlhlfhf_glb ihwlhfmhg kh[bjZeky ihijhkblv f_gy k^_eZlv g_qlhhq_gv hiZkgh_b hq_gvhkh[_ggh_ Hg ij_j\Zeky gZ fhf_gldZd [m^lh ohl_e gh\h]h ih^l\_j`^_gby kfh_c klhjhguy \gh\vih^l\_j^be fh_l\_j^h_ `_eZgb_ k^_eZlvqlhgb[m^v êyg_]h Y kh[bjZxkv^Zlv l_[_hjm`b_qlh[u ijhgablv__ kdZaZe hg Hg \aye êbggucij_^f_l bak\h_c kmfdbb \jmqbe _]h fg_Y \aye_]h bhkfhlj_eY ihqlbhl[jhkbe _]h Wlh dZ[Zgijh^he`Ze hgLu ^he`_gijhgablv __ wlbf Ij_^f_ldhlhjuc y^_j`Ze[ue kmohc i_j_^g_c gh]hc dZ[ZgZRdmjZ [ueZhllZedb\Zxs_cZ s_lbgZ [ueZ hl\jZlb l_evghc gZhsmivDhiulh [uehp_eufb _]h^\_ iheh\bgu[ueb jZa\_jgmludZd [m^lhgh]Z [ueZgZijy`_gZWlh [ueZ m`Zkgh \u]ey^_\rZy \_svHgZ ihqlb aZklZ\beZ f_gy bkiulu\Zlv lhrghlmHg [ukljh\aye __gZaZ^ Lu ^he`_gaZ[blv dZ[ZgZijyfh \__ imihdkdZaZe ^hg OmZg Qlh"kijhkbe ykeZ[uf ]hehkhf Lu ^he`_g\aylv dZ[ZgZ\ k\hxe_\mx jmdmb aZdhehlv __ bfHgZ dhe^mgvyb dZ[Zg\hc^_l _c\ `b\hlb gbdlhgZ k\_l_aZ bkdexq_gb_f^jm]h]h fZ]Zg_ m\b^bl_]h \hldgmluf lZfWlh g_h[uqgZy [bl\Zgh ^_ehfZ]h\Lu ^he`_gba[_`Zlv lhc hiZkghklbqlh_keb l_[_g_ m^Zklkyijhgablv __hgZ fh`_l [_a ijhf_ê_gby kf_jl_evgh m^Zjblv l_[ybeb __ dhfiZgvhgu beb jh^kl\_ggbdbaZklj_eyl bebaZj_`ml l_[yK ^jm]hc klhjhgulu fh`_rvmclb [_apZjZibgu ?keb l_[_ m^Zklky wlhm g__[m^_l m`Zkgh_ \j_fy k dZ[Zghf \k\h_f l_e_b hgZhklZ\bl f_gy\ ihdh_ =g_lmsZy [hev ho\ZlbeZ f_gy kgh\ZY [ue ]em[hdh ijb\yaZg d ^hgm OmZgmY \hkobsZekybf<h \j_fy wlhc m`ZkZxs_c ijhkv[u y m`_gZmqbeky kfhlj_lvgZ _]h kihkh[ `bagb b gZ_]h agZgb_dZd gZ\ukr__ ^hklb`_gb_DZd fh] dlhlh iha\heblv mf_j_lvq_eh\_dmih^h[ghfm wlhfm"B \k_ `_dZd dlheb[h fh]mfure_ggh jbkdh\Zlv_]h `bagvx"Y lZd ih]jmabeky \k\hb jZafure_gbyqlh g_aZf_lbeqlh ^hgOmZg \klZe bklhye hdhehf_gyihdZ hgg_ ihoehiZef_gy ihie_qm Y ih^gye]eZaZhg [eZ]h`_eZl_evghmeu[Zeky Dh]^Z lu ihqm\kl\m_rvqlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh ohq_rv ihfhqv fg_lu \_jg_rvkykdZaZe hggh g_jZgvr_?keb lu \_jg_rvkyy agZxqlh fu [m^_f ^_eZlvL_i_jv hlijZ\eycky?keb lu g_aZohq_rv \_jgmlvkyy ihcfm wlh lZd`_ Y Z\lhfZlbq_kdbih^gyekyk_e \k\hx fZrbgmb ih_oZe >hg OmZg^_ckl\bl_evgh aZimklbe\ f_gy^Zevgbc djxqhdY fh] m_oZlv b gbdh]^Z g_ \ha\jZsZlvkygh ihq_fmlh fukev k\h[h^gh m_oZlvg_ mkihdZb\ZeZf_gyY _oZe^he]h_ \j_fyZ aZl_f bfimevkb\ghih\_jgme bih_oZe gZaZ^d ^hfm^hgZ OmZgZ Hg \k_ _s_ kb^_e ih^ k\hbf jZfZ^Z b g_ dZaZeky m^b\e_ggufm\b^_\ f_gy KZ^bkvkdZaZe hgGZ aZiZ^_ ij_djZkgu_ lmqb <kdhj_ [m^_l l_fghKb^b kihdhcgh b iha\hev kmf_jdZf ho\Zlblv l_[yK_cqZk ^_eZc\k_qlh ohq_rvghdh]^Z y kdZ`m l_[_ihkfhljb ijyfhgZ l_[e_klysb_ h[eZdZb ihijhkb kmf_jdb ^Zlvl_[_ kbemb kihdhckl\b_ Y kb^_eebphf daZiZ^guf h[eZdZfiZjm qZkh\>hg OmZg \hr_e \ ^hf b hklZekybagmljbDh]^Z klZeh l_fghhg \_jgmeky Kmf_jdb ijbrebkdZaZe hg<klZgvG_ aZdju\Zc k\hb ]eZaZkfhljb ijyfhgZ h[eZdZih^gbfb k\hbjmdb b k ih^gylufb jmdZfbb jZklhiuj_ggufbiZevpZfb [_]bgZ f_kl_ Y ihke_^h\Ze_]h bgkljmdpbyfy ih^gyejmdb gZ^]heh\hc b gZqZe[_`Zlv>hg OmZgih^hr_e k[hdmb dhjj_dlbjh\Ze fhb ^\b`_gbyHg \eh`begh]m dZ[ZgZ\ eZ^hgvfh_c e_\hcjmdb b \_e_e fg_ ko\Zlblv__ iZevpZfbAZl_f hghimklbe fhb jmdb \gbaihdZ hgb g_klZeb mdZau\ZlvgZ hjZg`_\u_ b q_jgu_ fjZqgu_ lmqb gZ^]hjbahglhf gZaZiZ^_Hg jZklhiujbe fhb iZevpu ih^h[gh \__jmb \_e_efg_ g_k]b[Zlv boWlh [ueh j_rZxs_c \Z`ghklvxqlh[u y khojZgye k\hb iZevpu jZklhiuj_ggufbihlhfm qlh_keb yaZdjhx boy g_ kfh]m ihijhkblv kmf_jdbh kbe_b kihdhckl\bbgh [m^mm]jh`Zlv bf Hg lZd`_ dhjj_dlbjh\Zefhc [_]Hg kdZaZeqlh hg ^he`_g [ulv kihdhcgufb h^ghh[jZagufdZd [m^lh[u y^_ckl\bl_evgh [_`Ze dkmf_jdZf kijhlygmlufb jmdZfb Y g_ fh] aZkgmlv\ l_q_gb_wlhc ghqbG_kfhljy gZ mkihdZb\Zgb_ f_gykmf_jdbdZd [m^lh\ha[m^beb \h fg_ [_r_gkl\h M f_gy lZdfgh]h _s_g_aZdhgq_gguo \_s_c \ fh_c `bagbkdZaZe yLZd fgh]hg_jZaj_r_gguo \_s_c >hg OmZgobobdgme fy]dh Gbqlh \fbj_ g_aZdhgq_ghkdZaZe hggbqlh g_ dhgq_ghh^gZdh gbqlhg_ y\ey_lkyg_jZaj_r_ggufB^b kiZlv Keh\Z ^hgZOmZgZ [uebmkihdZb\Zxsbfb Hdheh ^_kylbqZkh\ gZke_^mxs__ mljh^hg OmZg^Ze fg_ qlhlh ih_klvb aZl_ffu hlijZ\bebkv\ imlvHg ijhr_ilZe qlh fu ^he`guih^hclb d`_gsbg_ hdhehihem^gybeb i_j_^ ihem^g_f_keb \hafh`ghHg kdZaZeqlh b^_Zevguf \j_f_g_f [ueb jZggb_qZku ^gyihlhfm qlh\_^vfZ \k_]^Zbf__l f_gvr_ kbeu bf_gvr_ agZ_lmljhfgh hgZ\k_]^Z hojZgy_lk\hc ^hf\ wlb qZkuY g_aZ^Z\Ze gbdZdbo\hijhkh\Hg gZijZ\bef_gy d rhkk_b \ hij_^_e_gghff_kl_ hg\_e_e fg_ hklZgh\blv b ihklZ\blv fZrbgmk[hdm hl^hjh]bHg kdZaZeqlh fu ^he`gu `^Zlv a^_kv Y ihkfhlj_egZ k\hbqZku [ueh iylvfbgml h^bggZ^pZ lh]hY g_ij_ju\gha_\ZeY [ue\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb khgguc fhc mf[_kp_evgh [em`^Ze <g_aZigh ^hgOmZg \uijyfbekyb lhedgmef_gyY \kdhqbe gZ k\h_fkb^_gvb HgZ a^_kvkdZaZe hg Y m\b^_e `_gsbgmb^msmx drhkk_ ihdjZx \kiZoZggh]h iheyHgZ g_keZdhjabgmaZdj_ie_ggmx i_le_c\ k\h_cijZ\hc jmd_>h wlh]h\j_f_gb yg_ aZf_qZeqlh fu hklZgh\bebkv ih[ebahklb hl i_j_dj_kldZ>\_ madb_ ljhibgdb ijhoh^beb iZjZee_evgh h[_bf klhjhgZfrhkk_hq_\b^ghex^bdhlhju_ bkihevah\Zeb wlm ljhim^he`gu [ueb i_j_k_dZlv fhs_gmx ^hjh]m Dh]^Z `_gsbgZ [ueZ_s_ gZ]jmglh\hc ^hjh]_^hg OmZg \_e_e fg_\uclb bafZrbgu L_i_jv ^_eZcwlhkdZaZe hgl\_j^h Y ih\bgh\Zeky _fm@_gsbgZ [ueZihqlb gZ rhkk_Y ih[_`Ze b ^h]gZe __Y [uelZd [ebadh d g_cqlh y qm\kl\h\Ze __h^_`^m gZk\h_f ebp_Y \ugmedZ[Zgv_ dhiulh baih^ k\h_c jm[Zrdb bihjZabe __bfY g_ ihqm\kl\h\Ze gbdZdh]h khijhlb\e_gbyd lmihfmij_^f_lmdhlhjuc y^_j`Ze \ k\h_c jmd_Y \b^_e[ukljh f_evdgm\rmxl_gv i_j_^ kh[hc ih^h[gh ihjlv_j_fhy ]heh\Zih\_jgmeZkv gZijZ\hb ym\b^_e `_gsbgmklhy\rmx \iylb^_kylb nmlZohl f_gygZ ijhlb\hih eh`ghc klhjhg_^hjh]bHgZ [ueZdjZkb\hcfheh^hc bl_fghc k kbevguf ijba_fbklufl_ehfHgZ meu[gmeZkvfg_?_ am[u [ueb [_eufb b djmigufbZ __meu[dZ [ueZ kihdhcghcHgZ ihemaZdjueZ k\hb]eZaZdZd [m^lhqlh[u ij_^hojZgblvbo hl \_ljZHgZ \k__s_ ^_j`ZeZk\hx dhjabgmaZdj_ie_ggmx i_le_c gZ k\h_cijZ\hc jmd_ Lh]^Z mf_gy gZklmibefhf_gl ihegh]haZf_rZl_evkl\ZY h[_jgmeky b ihkfhlj_e gZ^hgZ OmZgZHg ^_eZe g_bklh\u_ `_kluqlh[u iha\Zlvf_gy gZaZ^Y ih[_`ZeLjh_ bebq_l\_jh fm`qbg \lhjhiyoijb[ebabebkv dhfg_Y \kdhqbe\ k\hxfZrbgm b ^Zekdhjhklv \ijhlb\hiheh`ghf gZijZ\e_gbb Y iulZekykijhkblv ^hgZOmZgZ hlhfqlh kemqbehkvgh y g_ fh] ]h\hjblvfhb mrb ehiZebkv hl ihljykZxs_]h gZijy`_gbyy qm\kl\h\Zeqlh aZûoZekyHgdZaZehkv[ue m^h\e_l\hj_g b gZqZe kf_ylvkyFhy g_m^ZqZdZd [m^lh g_ [_kihdhbeZ _]hFhb jmdbgZ jme_\hf dhe_k_ [ueb lZdbfb ly`_eufbqlh yg_ fh]^\bgmlv bfbhgb [uebaZklu\rbfbfhb jmdb [uebg_]gmsbfbky blZdbfb `_[ueb fhbgh]bNZdlbq_kdb y g_fh] hlhj\Zlvk\hx gh]mhl i_^Zeb]ZaZ >hg OmZg ihoehiZe f_gy ih kibg_ b k_e_e fg_ jZkkeZ[blvkyFZehihfZem ^Z\e_gb_\ fhbomrZo hkeZ[eh Qlh kemqbehk[lZf"gZdhg_p kijhkbey Hg aZohohlZedZd j_[_ghdg_ hl\_qZyAZl_f hgkijhkbe f_gyg_ aZf_lbeeb ykihkh[dhlhjuf `_gsbgZ i_j_fZogmeZ ^hjh]mHg \hkobsZeky__ ij_\hkoh^ghckdhjhklvxJZa]h\hj ^hgZ OmZgZ dZaZeky lZdbf g_mf_klgufqlh y g_ fh] \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb ke_^h\Zlv_fmHg \hkobsZeky`_gsbghcHg kdZaZeqlh __ kbeZ [ueZ [_amij_qghc b qlh hgZ [ueZ [_a`Zehklguf \jZ]hf Y kijhkbe ^hgZOmZgZihfgbe ebhg hfh_c g_m^Zq_Y [ue bkdj_gg_ m^b\e_g b jZa^hkZ^h\Zg i_j_f_ghc _]h gZkljh_gbyHgdZaZehkv[ue ^_ckl\bl_evghjZ^ Hg \_e_e fg_hklZgh\blvkyY hklZgh\beky gZ h[hqbg_ ^hjh]bHg iheh`bek\hx jmdmgZ fh_ie_qh b ijhgbpZl_evgh ihkfhlj_e \fhb ]eZaZ <k_qlh y^_eZe k_]h^gyk lh[hc[ueh obljhklvx kdZaZe hg ijyfhKms_kl\m_l ijZ\behqlh q_eh\_d agZgby ^he`_g h[fZgu\Zlvk\h_]h mq_gbdZK_]h^gy yh[fZgme l_[y b h[fZghf aZklZ\bemqblvky Y [uehr_ehfe_gY g_fh] kh[jZlvk\hb fukeb>hg OmZg h[tykgbeqlh \k_aZljm^gbl_evgh_ iheh`_gb_k `_gsbghc[ueh obljhklvxqlh hgZgbdh]^Z g_[ueZ m]jhahc_fmb qlh _]h aZ^Zq_c [ueh\\_klb f_gy\ bkiulZgb_k g_cijb ki_pbnbq_kdbo mkeh\byo g_ijbgm`^_gghklbb kbeudhlhju_ yi_j_`b\Zedh]^Z iulZeky ijhgablv__Hg iho\Zebefhx j_rbfhklvb gZa\Ze __ Zdlhf kbeudhlhjuc ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Ze`_gsbg_qlh y [ue kihkh[_g gZ[hevrh_ mkbeb_>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh^Z`_ ohly y b g_ khagZ\Ze wlh]h\k_qlh y ^_eZe^he`gh [ueh ihdZaZlv f_gy\ \u]h^ghfk\_l_ i_j_^g_c Lu gbdh]^Zg_ fh]dhkgmlvky __kdZaZe hggh lu ihdZaZe _ck\hb dh]lbL_i_jv hgZagZ_lqlh lug_ [hbrvky Lu [jhkbe \uah\ _cY bkihevah\Ze__qlh[u i_j_obljblv l_[yihlhfm qlh hgZkbevgZ b[_a`ZehklgZ b gbdh]^Z g_ aZ[u\Z_lEx^b h[uqgh kebrdhf aZgyluqlh[u [ulv [_a`Zehklgufb \jZ]Zfb Y ihqm\kl\h\Zem`Zkguc ]g_\Y kdZaZe_fmqlh gbdlhg_ ^he`_g b]jZlvk ]em[hdbfbqm\kl\Zfb bij_^Zgghklvx ^jm]bo >hg OmZgkf_yeky ^hl_o ihjihdZ ke_aug_ ihdZlbebkvm g_]h ihs_dZfZ yg_gZ\b^_e _]hY [uei_j_iheg_g `_eZgb_f m^Zjblv _]h b m_oZlvh^gZdh\ _]h kf_o_ [ue lZdhc g_h[uqguc jblfqlh hgihqlb iZjZebah\Zef_gy G_ gZ^h[ulv lZdbfk_j^blufkdZaZe hgmkihdZb\Zx s_ AZl_f ^hgOmZg kdZaZeqlh _]h^_ckl\by gbdh]^Zg_ [ueb nZjkhfqlh hg lZd`_hl[jZku\Ze k\hx`bagv ^he]h_ \j_fy ij_`^_dh]^Z _]h kh[kl\_gguc[_g_nZdlhj h[fZgu\Ze _]h lhqgh lZd`_dZd hgh[fZgme f_gy>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh _]h [_g_nZdlhj [ue [_a`Zehklgufq_eh\_dhfdhlhjuc g_^mfZe h g_f lZdbf`_ h[jZahfdZd hg^hg OmZg^mfZ_l h[hfg_Hg ^h[Z\be hq_gv kmjh\hqlh `_gsbgZ bkiulu\ZeZ k\hx kbem ijhlb\ g_]hb ^_ckl\bl_evghiulZeZkv m[blv_]h L_i_jv hgZagZ_lqlh yb]jZe kg_ckdZaZe hg kf_ykvb hgZ\hag_gZ\b^bl l_ [y aZwlhHgZ gbq_]h g_ fh`_l k^_eZlvfg_gh hgZ\uf_klbl wlhgZ l_[_HgZ g_ agZ_l _s_kdhevdh ml_[y kbeuihwlhfm hgZ[m^_l ijboh^blv bkiulu\Zlv l_[yfZehihfZemL_i_jv ml_[y g_l\u[hjZb lu ^he`_g mqblvkyqlh[u aZsblblvk_[ybeb lu k^_eZ_rvky `_jl\hc wlhce_^bHgZ g_rmlbl >hg OmZggZihfgbe fg_kihkh[dhlhjuf hgZi_j_e_l_eZ G_ gZ^h k_j^blvkykdZaZe hgwlh g_ h[uqgZy obljhklvWlh ijZ\beh < kihkh[_dhlhjuf `_gsbgZhliju]gmeZ hl f_gy[ueh qlhlhihbklbg_ k\h^ys__k mfZY [uekZf wlhfmk\b^_l_e_f hgZ i_j_iju]gmeZ rbjbgmrhkk_ \f]gh\_gb_ hdZY g_ bf_e kihkh[Z ba[_`Zlv wlhc g_khfg_gghklbK wlh]h fhf_glZ y kdhgp_gljbjh\Ze \k_ fh_ \gbfZgb_ gZ wlhf kemqZ_ b fZehihfZemgZdhibe ^hdZaZl_evkl\Zqlh hgZ^_ckl\bl_evgh ij_ke_^h\ZeZ f_gyHdhgqZl_evguc j_amevlZl[ue lhlqlh y ^he`_g [ue hldZaZlvkyhl mq_gbq_kl\Zih^ ^Z\e_gb_f fh_]h bjjZpbhgZevgh]h kljZoZ Y \_jgmeky d^hfm ^hgZOmZgZ g_kdhevdhqZkh\ kimkly jZgh ihke_ihem^gyHghq_\b^ghh`b^Ze f_gyHg ih^hr_edh fg_dh]^Z y \ur_e bafh_c fZrbgub hkfhlj_e f_gy k ex[hiulkl\hf \]eZaZoh[hc^y \hdjm]f_gy iZjmjZa Ihq_fm \a\hegh\Zgghklv"kijhkbe hgij_`^_ q_f y bf_e \j_fykdZaZlv qlhgb[m^v Y h[tykgbeqlh qlhlh bkim]Zehf_gy wlbfmljhf bqlh y gZqZe qm\kl\h\Zlv qlhlh djZ^ms__ky\hdjm] f_gydZd \ ijhrehf>hg OmZgk_e bdZaZehkv[ue ih]ehs_gfukeyfb?]h ebph bf_ehg_h[uqgh k_jv_agh_\ujZ`_gb_HgdZaZehkv[ue mklZ\rbfY k_ehdheh g_]hb ijb\h^be\ ihjy^hdk\hb aZibkb Ihke_ hq_gv ^he]hciZmau _]hebph ijhykgbehkvb hg meu[gmeky Lhqlh luqm\kl\h\Ze wlbfmljhf[ue ^mo \h^yghc ûjukdZaZe hgY kdZ`m l_[_qlh lu ^he`_g ih^]hlh\blvky êy g_h`b^Zgghc \klj_qbk wlbfb kbeZfbY ^mfZxlu ihgye >Z Lh]^Z ihq_fmkljZo" Y g_fh] hl\_lblv Wlhl ^mo gZ l\h_cljhi_kdZaZe hghg m`_ ihoehiZe l_[y \\h^_Y m\_jyxl_[yqlh hgihklmqbl l_[_ kgh\Zb\_jhylghlu g_[m^_rv ih^]hlh\e_gb wlZ\klj_qZ [m^_l l\hbfdhgphf Keh\Z ^hgZOmZgZ aZklZ\bebf_gy ihqm\kl\h\Zlvbkdj_gg__ [_kihdhckl\hH^gZdhfhb qm\kl\Z[ueb g_h[uqgufby [ue h[_kihdh_ggh g_[hyekyQlh [ugb kemqbehkvkh fghcwlh g_ fh]eh\ua\Zlv \hfg_ klZjuoqm\kl\ ke_ih]hkljZoZ Qlh y^he`_g ^_eZlv"kijhkbe y Lu kebrdhf e_]dhaZ[u\Z_rvkdZaZe hgljhiZ agZgby wlh ljhiZkbeu>ey lh]hqlh[u mqblvkyfu ^he`gu ki_rblvGZ ljhi_ agZgby fu \k_]^Z [hj_fky k q_flh ba[_]Z_f q_]hlh]hlh\bfky dq_fmlhb wlhqlhlh \k_]^Z y\ey_lky g_h[tykgbfuf\_ebdbf[he__ kbevgufq_f fu G_h[tykgbfu_ kbeu [m^mlijboh^blv dl_[_L_i_jv wlh ^mo \h^ghc ûjuiha^g__ wlh [m^_l l\hc kh[kl\_gguc heeb ihwlhfm lu gbq_]h g_ fh`_rv ^_eZlv l_i_jvdjhf_ dZd ]hlh\blvky d [hjv[_Fgh]h e_lgZaZ^ eZDZlZebgZ lhjhibeZ l_[yhgZ [ueZlhevdh dhe^mgv_ch^gZdhb wlh[ueZ obljhklv êy gh\bqdZ Fbj ^_ckl\bl_evgh ihehg im]Zxsbo \_s_cb fu [_kihfhsgu_ kha^Zgbyhdjm`_ggu_ kbeZfbdhlhju_ g_h[tykgbfu b g_ij_dehgguH[uqguc q_eh\_d\ g_agZgbb\_jblqlh wlb kbeu fh]ml [ulv h[tykg_gubeb baf_g_guhg \ ^_ckl\bl_ evghklb g_ agZ_ldZd wlhk^_eZlvgh hg h`b^Z_lqlh ^_ckl\by q_eh\_q_kl\Zh[tykgyl bobeb baf_gylbo jZgvr_beb iha`_FZ]k ^jm]hcklhjhgug_ ^mfZ_lh[ h[tykg_gbbbeb h[ baf_g_gbb bo\f_klh wlh]hhg mqblky bkihevah\Zlv lZdb_ kbeui_j_gZijZ\eyy k_[y kZfh]hb ijbkihkZ[eb\Zykv d bo gZijZ\e_gbxWlh _]hobljhklvHq_gv fZehhklZ_lky hlfZ]bb _keb lumagZe __obljhklvFZ] lhevdhg_fgh]h emqr_\u^_e_g q_f h[uqguc q_eh\_dFZ]by g_ihfh]Z_l _fm `blv emqr_c `bagvx\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklby [ukdZaZe qlh fZ]by f_rZ_l _fmhgZ ^_eZ_l_]h `bagvkeh`ghchiZkghcHldju\Zy k_[y agZgbxfZ] klZgh\blky[he__ mya\bfufq_f h[uqgucq_eh\_d K h^ghcklhjhguhdjm`Zxsb_ _]hex^b g_gZ\b^ylb [hylky_]h b [m^ml klZjZlvky dhgqblv_]h `bagvk ^jm]hc klhjhgu g_h[tykgbfu_ bg_ij_dehggu_ kbeudhlhju_ hdjm`Zxl dZ`^h]h ba gZkih ijZ\mlh]hqlh fu`b\_fy\eyxlky êy fZ]Z bklhqgbdhf _s_[hevr_c hiZkghklb;ulv ijhga_ggufkh[jZlhf ^_ckl\bl_evgh [hevghgh wlhgbqlh ihkjZ\g_gbx kl_fqlh[u [ulv ljhgmluf heebFZ]hldju\Zy k_[y agZgbxiZ^Z_l `_jl\hc lZdbo kbe bbf__l lhevdh _^bgkl\_ggh_ kj_^kl\h mjZ\gh\_kblv k_[y k\hx \hexlZdbf h[jZahfhg ^he`_g qm\kl\h\Zlv b^_ckl\h\ZlvdZd \hbgY ih\lhjxwlh _s_jZa lhevdh dZd \hbg fh`gh \u`blvgZ imlb agZgbyLhqlh ihfh]Z_l fZ]m`blv emqr_c`bagvxwlh kbeZ`bagb \hbgZ Wlh fh_ h[yaZl_evkl\h gZmqblv l_[y \b^_lvG_ ihlhfmqlh yebqgh ohqmk^_eZlv lZdgh ihlhfmqlh lu[ue \u[jZglu [ue mdZaZgfg_ f_kdZeblhH^gZdhfh_ ebqgh_ `_eZgb_ aZklZ\ey_l f_gy gZmqblv l_[y qm\kl\h\Zlv b ^_ckl\h\ZlvdZd \hbgEbqgh y\_jxqlh [ulv\hbghf [he__ ihôh^ys__q_f qlheb[h _s_Ihwlhfm yklZjZeky ihdZaZlv l_[_ wlb kbeudZd fZ]\hkijbgbfZ_l boihlhfm qlh lhevdh ih^ bo mkljZrZxsbf \ha^_ckl\b_f fh`gh klZlv \hbghf <b^_lvij_`^_ q_f[ulv \hbghfwlh k^_eZ_ll_[y keZ[uf wlh ^Zkll_[_ eh`gmxkeZ[hklv`_eZgb_ hlklmiblvl\h_ l_eh [m^_l jZajmrZlvkyihlhfm qlhlu klZg_rv[_ajZaebqgufWlh fh_ ebqgh_gZf_j_gb_ k^_eZlv l_[y\hbghflZdbf h[jZahflu g_ kehfZ_rvky Y keurZeqlh lu]h\hjbe m`_fgh]h jZaqlh lu \k_]^Z ]hlh\ mf_j_lvY g_ jZkkfZljb\Zx wlh qm\kl\hdZd g_h[oh^bfh_Y ^mfZxqlh hgh y\ey_lky [_kihe_aguf ihlZdZgb_f k_[_<hbg ^he`_g[ulv ]hlh\lhevdh d[bl\_Y keurZe lZd`_qlh lu ]h\hjbeh lhfqlh l\hb jh^bl_eb ihjZgbeb l\hc ^moY ^mfZxqlh ^mo q_eh\_dZ y\ey_lky q_flhqlh fh`_l [ulv e_]dh jZg_ghohly g_ l_fb kj_^kl\Zfbdhlhju_ lukZf gZau\Z_rvjZgysbfbY iheZ]Zx qlh l\hb jh^bl_eb bkdZe_qbebl_[y l_fqlh k^_eZeb l_[y ihlZdZxsbf k_[_fy]dbf bij_^Zxsbfky ijhay[Zgbx >mo \hbgZg_ k\yau\Z_lkygb ihlZdZgb_fk_[_ b`Zeh[Zfb g_ k\yau\Z_lky hg ih[_^Zfb beb ihjZ`_gbyfb>mo \hbgZ k\yau\Z_lky lhevdh k [hjv[hcb dZ`^h_ mkbeb_ wlh ihke_^gyy [bl\Z \hbgZgZ a_fe_LZdbf h[jZahfj_amevlZl bf__l hq_gvfZeh agZq_gbyêy g_]h< k\h_cihke_^g_c [bl\_ gZ a_fe_\hbg iha\hey_lk\h_fm ^moml_qv k\h[h^ghb ykghB dh]^Z hgijh\h^bl k\hx[bl\magZyqlh _]h\hey [_amij_qgZ \hbg kf__lkyb kf__lky Y dhgqbe ibkZlvb ih^gye]eZaZ>hg OmZg ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e gZf_gyHg ihdZqZe]heh\hc baklhjhgu \klhjhgm b meu[gmeky Lu ^_ckl\bl_evgh \k_aZibku\Z_rv"kijhkbe hg k g_^h\_jb_fO_gZjh ]h\hjbeqlh hggbdh]^Z g_fh`_l [ulv k_jv_aguf klh[hcihlhfm qlhlu \k_]^Zibr_rvHg ijZ\dZd fh`_l dlhgb[m^v [ulvk_jv_aguf_keb lu\k_]^Z ibr_rv" Hg mkf_ogmekyb yihiulZeky hlklhylvk\hx ihabpbx Wlh g_ bf__l agZq_gbykdZaZe hg?keb lu dh]^Zeb[h gZmqbrvky \b ^_ lv lhy iheZ]Zxlu ^he`_g ^_eZlvwlh l\hbfkh[kl\_gguf iml_fkm^v[u Hg \klZe bihkfhlj_e gZg_[h;ueh hdhehihem^gyHg kdZaZeqlh _s_[ueh \j_fyih_oZlv ihhohlblvky\ ]hjZo GZ dh]hfu kh[bjZ_fkyhohlblvky"kijhkbe y GZ hkh[h_`b\hlgh_beb gZhe_gybeb gZdZ[ZgZbeb ^Z`_ gZ]hjgh]h ev\Z Hg hklZgh\beky gZfhf_glZ aZl_f^h[Z\be^Z`_ gZ hjeZ Y \klZeb ihke_^h\ZeaZ gbfd fh_cfZrbg_Hg kdZaZe qlh gZwlhl jZafu kh[bjZebkvlhevdh gZ[ex^Zlvb magZlvgZ dZdbo `b\hlguofu ^he`guhohlblvkyHg kh[bjZekyk_klv \fhx fZrbgmdh]^ZdZaZehkv\kihfgbe qlhlhHg meu[gmeky b kdZaZeqlh iml_r_kl\b_ ^he`gh[ulv hleh`_ghihdZ y g_ magZx g_qlh[_a q_]hgZrZ hohlZ[m^_l g_\hafh`gZ Fu \_jgmebkv b k_ebkgh\Z ih^_]h jZfZ^ZY ohl_e fgh]h_ kijhkblvgh hgg_ ^Zefg_ \j_fygbq_]h kdZaZlv b aZ]h\hjbe kgh\Z Wlh ijb\h^blgZk dihke_^g_fm fhf_glmdhlhjuc lu ^he`_g agZlvh \hbg_kdZaZe hg<hbg hl[bjZ_lhl^_evgu_ ij_^f_ludhlhju_ kha^Zxl_]h fbj < lhl ^_gvdh]^Z lu\klj_lbeky k heebb y [ue \ugm`^_g ^\Z`ûihehkdZlv l_[y\ \h^_lu agZ_rvqlh [uehk lh[hc g_lZd" G_l Lu ihl_jyek\hb sblu DZdb_ sblu"H q_flu ]h\hjbrv" Y kdZaZeqlh \hbghl[bjZ_l \_sbdhlhju_ kha^Zxl_]h fbjHg hl[bjZ_lgZf_j_gghlZd dZddZ`^Zy \_svdhlhjmx hg \u[bjZ_ly\ey_lky sblhfdhlhjuc aZsbsZ_l_]h hlgZiZ^_gbc kbedhlhju_ hg klj_fblky bkihevah\Zlv<hbg [m^_l bkihevah\Zlv k\hbsbluqlh[u aZsblblvkyhl heebgZijbf_j H[uqguc q_eh\_ddhlhjuc \jZ\ghc f_j_hdjm`_g wlbfb g_h[tykgbfufb kbeZfbg_^hklmi_g êygboihlhfm qlh hg bf__l ^jm]b_\bû hkh[uosblh\ êyaZsblu k_[y Hg k^_eZe iZmam b ihkfhlj_egZ f_gy k \hijhkhf \ ]eZaZoY g_ihgbfZeqlh hgbf__l \\b^m Qlh wlhaZ sblu"gZklZb\Ze y Lhqlh ^_eZxlex^bih\lhjbe hg Qlh `_hgb ^_eZxl" Ohjhrhihkfhljb \hdjm]Ex^b aZgylu^_eZgv_f lh]h qlh ^_eZxl ex^bWlh b_klv bosbluDh]^Z [ufZ] gb bf_e klhedgh\_gby k ex[ufbba wlbog_h[tykgbfuo b g_ij_dehgguo kbeh dhlhjuofu ]h\hjbf_]h ijhk\_lhldju\Z_lky^_eZy _]h [he__^hklmiguf kf_jlbq_f h[uqghy ]h\hjbel_[_qlh fu mfbjZ_fq_j_a lhlijhk\_lihwlhfm_keb hghldju\Z_lky g_h[oh^bfh bf_lvk\hx \hex]hlh\hc aZihegblv_]hwlh \lhf kemqZ__keb q_eh\_d \hbg?keb q_eh\_d g_ y\ey_lky \hbghfdZd lulh]^Z mg_]h g_lbgh]h imlb hlklmie_gby djhf_ dZd\hkihevah\Zlvky ^_yl_evghklvxih\k_^g_\ghc `bagb qlh[u m^Zeblvba k\h_]hmfZ kljZo\klj_qb blZdbf h[jZahf iha\heblv k\h_fmijhk\_lm aZdjulvkyLu jZkk_j^bekygZ f_gy \ lhl^_gvdh]^Z \klj_lbekyk heebY jZkk_j^bel_[ydh]^Z hklZgh\be l\hx fZrbgmb yhklm^be l_[ydh]^Z y himkdZe l_[y \ \h^mLhqlh lu[ue \fhdjhc h^_`^__s_ [he__ hklm^beh l_[yLhqlh lu[ue k_j^blb aZf_jaiha\hebeh l\h_fm ijhk\_lm aZdjulvkyb lu[ue aZsbs_g< wlh \j_fy l\h_c `bagbh^gZdhlu g_fh`_rv [hevr_bkihevah\Zlv wlb sblu klhev `_wnn_dlb\ghdZd h[uqgucq_eh\_dLu kebrdhf fgh]h agZ_rvh[ wlbokbeZob l_i_jvgZdhg_plu gZ ]jZgb lh]hqlh[u qm\kl\h\Zlvb ^_ckl\h\ZlvdZd \hbgL\hb klZju_ gblb g_y\eyxlky [hevr_gZ^_`gufb Qlh `_hl f_gyh`b^Z_lky" >_ckl\mcdZd \hbgb hl[bjZcqZklbpu k\h_]hfbjZLu g_ fh`_rv[hevr_ hdjm`Zlvk_[y \_sZfbdZd ihiZehY ]h\hjx l_[_ wlh kZfufk_jv_aguf h[jZahfL_i_jv lu\i_j\u_ g_ \ [_ahiZkghklb ijbl\h_f klZjhfh[jZa_ `bagb Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m ih^hl[hjhf qZklbpfh_]h fbjZ" <hbg \klj_qZ_lwlb g_h[tykgbfu_b g_ij_dehggu_kbeu ihlhfm qlhhg gZf_j_gghbs_l boihwlhfm hg\k_]^Z ]hlh\ d \klj_q_LugZijhlb\gbdh]^Z g_]hlh\ dg_cNZdlbq_kdb _keb wlb kbeuy\ylky dl_[_hgb aZo\Zlyl l_[y \jZkieho bkim] hldjh_l l\hcijhk\_lb l\hy`bagv [_kij_iylkl\_ggh mkdhevag_l kd\hav g_]hI_j\hc \_svxdhlhjmx luaZl_f ^he`_g ^_eZlvwlh [ulv ]hlh\uf>mfZcqlh heeb kh[bjZ_lky \ukdhqblvi_j_^ l\hbfb]eZaZfb \ex[mx fbgmlm b lu ^he`_g [ulv ]hlh\ dwlhfm<klj_qZ kheeb wlh g_ \_q_jbgdZ gZ \hkdj_kghf ibdgbd_b \hbg [_j_l gZ k_[y hl\_lkl\_gghklv ih aZsbl_ k\h_c `bagbIhwlhfm_keb dZdZyeb[h ba wlbo kbeklmqblky dl_[_ b hldju\Z_l l\hc ijhk\_llu ^he`_ggZf_j_ggh [hjhlvkyaZ lhqlh[u aZdjulv _]h kZfhfm>ey wlhcp_eb lu^he`_g bf_lv ba[jZgguc jy^ \_s_cdhlhju_ ^Zxll_[_ [hevrh_kihdhckl\b_ bm^h\hevkl\b_ \_s_cdhlhju_ lufh`_rv gZf_j_gghbkihevah\Zlv êy lh]h qlh[u m[jZlvk\hb fukebhl bkim]Zb aZdjulvk\hc ijhk\_l b k^_eZlv k_[yp_evguf Qlh wlhaZ \_sb" G_kdhevdh e_l gZaZ^y ]h\hjbel_[_qlh \ k\h_c ih\k_^g_\ghc `bagb \hbg \u[bjZ_lk_[_ ^hjh]m k k_j^p_f Bf_ggh ihke_^h\Zl_evguc \u[hjimlb kk_j^p_f ^_eZ_l \hbgZ hlebqguf hl kj_^g_]h q_eh\_dZHg agZ_lqlh imlv bf__l k_j^p_dh]^Z hg _^bgk wlbfiml_fdh]^Z hg i_j_`b\Z_l h]jhfgh_ kihdhckl\b_ b m^h\hevkl\b_b^y ih g_fm<_sb dhlhju_ \hbg hl[bjZ_lqlh[u k^_eZlvk\hb sbluwlh qZklbpu imlbk k_j^p_f Gh lukdZaZeqlh yg_ \hbgihwlhfmdZd `_y fh]m \u[jZlv imlvk k_j^p_f" Wlh l\hyih\hjhlgZy lhqdZFh`gh kdZaZlvqlh jZgvr_ l_[_ g_ [ueh^_ckl\bl_evghc g_h[oh^bfhklb`blvdZd \hbg L_i_jv bgZq_l_i_jv lu^he`_g hdjm`blvk_[y ij_^f_lZfbimlb k k_j^p_f b ^he`_ghldZaZlvky hlhklZevgh]hbeb `_ lu ih]b[g_rv ijb ke_^mxs_c\klj_q_Y fh]m^h[Z\blvqlh lu fh`_rv g_ijhkblv h\klj_q_ [hevr_L_i_jv heebfh`_l ijbclb d l_[_\h kg_\h \j_fyl\h_]h jZa]h\hjZk ^jmavyfbdh]^Z lu ibr_rv Y m`_ ]h^Zfbbkdj_gg_ klZjZeky`blv \ kh]eZkbb k l\hbfb ihmq_gbyfbkdZaZe yHq_\b^ghy g_^_eZe wlh]h ^hklZlhqgh ohjhrhDZd yfh]m ^_eZlvemqr_ l_i_jv" Lu ^mfZ_rvb jZa]h\Zjb\Z_rvkebrdhf fgh]hLu ^he`_g ij_djZlblv jZa]h\hjk kZfbfkh[hc Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m" Lu kebrdhffgh]h jZa]h\Zjb\Z_rvk kh[hcLu \wlhf g_ bkdexq_gb_DZ`ûc bagZk ^_eZ_lwlhFu \_^_f \gmlj_ggbc jZa]h\hjIh^mfZc h[wlhfDh]^Z luh^bgqlh lu^_eZ_rv" Y jZa]h\Zjb\Zxk kZfbfkh[hc H q_flu jZa]h\Zjb\Z_rvk kh[hc" Y g_agZxh q_fm]h^ghy iheZ]Zx Y kdZ`ml_[_h q_ffu jZa]h\Zjb\Z_fkZfb kkh[hcFu jZa]h\Zjb\Z_f hgZr_f fbj_NZdlbq_kdbfu kha^Z_fgZr fbj k\hbf \gmlj_ggbfjZa]h\hjhf DZd fuwlh ^_eZ_f" Dh]^Z fujZa]h\Zjb\Z_f kkh[hcfbj \k_]^Z lZdhc dZdbf hg ^he`_g [ulvFu h[gh\ey_f_]hfu gZqbgy_f _]h `bagvxfu ih^^_j`b\Z_f_]h k\hbf\gmlj_ggb jZa]h\hjhfG_ lhevdh wlhgh fulZd`_ \u[bjZ_fk\hb imlblZd `_dZd fu ]h\hjbf k_[_LZdfb h[jZahffu ih\lhjy_flhl `_kZfuc \u[hj _s_ b _s_ ^h l_oihjihdZ g_ mfbjZ_fihlhfm qlh fu ijh^he`Z_f ih\lhj_gb_lh]h `_kZfh]h \gmlj_gg_]h jZa]h\hjZ _s_ b_s_ ^hl_o ihjihdZ g_mfbjZ_f <hbg khagZ_lwlh bklj_fblky hklZgh\blvwlhl jZa]h\hj Wlh ihke_^gyylhqdZdhlhjmx lu^he`_g agZlv_keb luohq_rv `blvdZd \hbg DZd yfh]m i_j_klZlv]h\hjblv kkZfbf kh[hc" Ij_`^_ \k_]hlu ^he`_gbkihevah\Zlv k\hbmrbqlh[u kgylv qZklv gZ]jmadbkh k\hbo]eZaFu k kZfh]h jh`^_gby bkihevah\Zeb k\hb ]eZaZêy lh]hqlh[u km^blvh fbj_Fu ]h\hjbf k^jm]bfb bk kh[hc]eZ\guf h[jZahfh lhfqlh fu \b^bf<hbg khagZ_l wlh b ijbkemrb\Z_lky d fbjmhg ijbkemrb\Z_lky da\mdZf fbjZ Y hleh`bek\hb aZibkb>hg OmZgaZkf_yeky bkdZaZeqlh hg g_bf_e \\b^m gZ\yaZlvfg_ j_amevlZlqlh ijbkemrb\Zgb_ d a\mdZffbjZ ^he`gh[ulv ]Zjfhgbqgufb k[hevrbf l_ji_gb_f <hbg khagZ_lqlh fbjbaf_gblkydZd lhevdh hg i_j_klZg_l ]h\hjblv k kZfbfkh[hckdZaZe hgb hg ^he`_g [ulv]hlh\ dwlhfm g_h[uqZcghfmlheqdm Qlh lubf__rv \\b^m^hg OmZg" Fbj lZdhclh beblZdhclh lhevdh ihlhfmqlh fu kdZaZeb k_[_qlh hglZdhc?keb fu i_j_klZg_f ]h\hjblv k_[_qlh fbjlZdhclhlh fbji_j_klZg_l [ulvlZdbf< wlhl fhf_gl y g_ ^mfZxqlh lu]hlh\ d lZdhfm fhf_glZevghfm m^Zjmihwlhfm lu ^he`_g f_ê_ggh gZqZlv mgbqlh`Zlv hldju\Zlvfbj Y\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbg_ ihgbfZxl_[y L\hy [_^Z\ lhfqlh lukf_rb\Z_rv fbjk l_fqlh ^_eZxl ex^bb hiylv`_lu g_h^bghd \wlhfDZ`ûc bagZk ^_eZ_l wlh<_sbdhlhju_ ^_eZxl ex^by\eyxlky sblZfb ijhlb\ kbedhlhju_ gZkhdjm`Zxllhqlh fu ^_eZ_fdZd ex^b^Z_l gZf m^h[kl\hb qm\kl\h[_ahiZkghklblhqlh ^_eZxl ex^bih ijZ\mhq_gv \Z`ghgh lhevdhdZd sblFu gbdh]^Z g_ agZ_fqlh \k_qlh fu^_eZ_fdZd ex^bwlh lhevdh sblub fuiha\hey_f bf]hkih^kl\h\Zlv b ihibjZlv gZrb `bagbNZdlbq_kdby ^he`_g kdZaZlvqlh êy q_eh\_q_kl\Z lhqlh ^_eZxlex^b[he__ \_ebdh b [he__ \Z`ghq_f kZffbj Qlh lugZau\Z_rv fbjhf" Fbj wlh \k_qlh aZdexq_gha^_kvkdZaZe hg b lhigme ih a_fe_`bagvkf_jlvex^bheeb b \k_ hklZevgh_qlh hdjm`Z_lgZkFbj g_h[tyl_gFu gbdh]^Z g_ kfh`_f ihgylv _]hfu gbdh]^Z g_ jZa]Z^Z_f _]h lZcg Ihwlhfmfu ^he`guhlghkblvky dg_fmdZd dlhfmqlh hg _klvdZd dqm^_kghc aZ]Z^d_ H^gZdhh[uqguc q_eh\_dg_ ^_eZ_lwlh]hFbj gbdh]^Zg_ y\ey_lky aZ]Z^dhc êy g_]hbdh]^Z hg ijb[eb`Z_lky d klZjhklbhg m[_`^Z_lkyqlh hgg_ bf__l[hevr_ gbq_]hêy q_]h `blvKlZjbd g_bkq_jiZe fbjZHg bkq_jiZelhevdh lh qlh ^_eZxlex^bGh \k\h_f ]emihfaZf_rZl_evkl\_ hg\_jbl qlh fbjg_ bf__l[hevr_ aZ]Z^hdêy g_]h<hl m`ZkgZyp_gZ dhlhjmx ijboh^blkyieZlblv aZgZrb sblu <hbg hkhagZ_lwlm imlZgbpmb mqblkyhlghkblvky d\_sZf ijZ\bevgh<_sbdhlhju_ ^_eZxlex^bgb ijbdZdbo mkeh\byo g_ fh]ml[ulv [he__\Z`guq_f fbjBlZdbf h[jZahf\hbg hlghkblky d fbjmdZd d[_kdhg_qghc lZcg_Z d lhfmqlh ^_eZxl ex^bdZd d[_kdhg_qghc ]emihklb =eZ\Z iy lg Z^ pZ lZ y Y gZqZemijZ`gylvky \ijbkemrb\Zgbb da\mdZf fbjZb ijh^he`Ze wlh\ l_q_gb_^\mo f_kyp_\dZd lhqghmdZaZe ^hg OmZgKgZqZeZ [uehfmqbl_evgh keurZlvb g_\b^_lvgh _s_ [he__ fmqbl_evguf [uehg_ jZa]h\Zjb\Zlvk kZfbf kh[hcD dhgpm ^\mof_kyp_\ y[ue kihkh[_g\udexqZlv k\hc\gmlj_ggbc ^bZeh] gZ dhjhldb_i_jbhû i_jbhû\j_f_gb bfh] h[jZsZlv \gbfZgb_ gZa\mdb Y ijb[ue d ^hfm ^hgZ OmZgZ d qZkZf ghy[jy ]h^Z Fu gZqg_f ih_a^dmijyfh k_cqZkkdZaZe hgdZd lhevdh yih^t_oZe d_]h ^hfm Y hl^hogme\ l_q_gb_qZkZZ aZl_ffu ih_oZebd gbadbf kdehgZf ]hjgZ \hklhd_Fu hklZ\bebfhx fZrbgmgZ ihi_q_gb_ h^gh]h ba_]h ^jma_cdhlhjuc `be\ wlhff_kl_Z kZfbihreb i_rdhf \ ]hju>hg OmZgiheh`be kmoh_i_q_gv_ b keZ^db_ [mehqdb \jxdaZd êyf_gyIjh\babb [ueh^hklZlhqgh gZ^_gv beb gZ^\ZY kijhkbe^hgZ OmZgZg_ \aylveb gZf[hevr_gh hg hljbpZl_evghihljyk ]heh\hc Fu rebi_rdhf \k_mljh;ue ^h\hevghl_ieuc ^_gvY g_k h^gm ney]mk \h^hcba dhlhjhc[hevr_c qZklvxibe ykZf>hg OmZg ibe lhevdh^\Z`ûDh]^Z \h^ZdhgqbeZkvhg aZ\_jbe f_gyqlh [ueh[u hq_gvohjhrh gZiblvkyba ihlhdZdhlhjuc fu gZc^_f gZgZr_f imlbHg jZkkf_yekygZ fh_ g_`_eZgb_ Q_j_a dhjhldh_ \j_fyfhy `Z`^Z\ugm^beZ f_gyih[hjhlv fhb kljZob JZgh ihke_ihem^gy fuhklZgh\bebkv \g_[hevrhc ^hebg_m ih^gh`vy dZdbolh khqguoa_e_guo ohefh\IhaZ^b ohefh\gZ \hklhd_gZ h[eZqghfg_[_ \ujbkh\u\Zebkv\ukhdb_ ]hju Lu fh`_rv^mfZlvqlh lufh`_rv gZibkZlvh lhfqlh fu ]h\hjbfbeb hlhfqlh lu\hkijbgbfZ_rvgh lugbq_]h g_ fh`_rv gZibkZlvh lhf]^_ fugZoh^bfkykdZaZe hg Fu hklZgh\bebkv gZ \j_fyb aZl_f hg \ugme ma_ehd baih^ k\h_c jm[ZrdbHg jZa\yaZe_]h bihdZaZe fg_ k\hx ljm[dmHg gZihegbe__ qZr_qdmdmjbl_evghc kf_kvxaZ`_] kibqdm b ih^`_] g_[hevrmxkmomx \_ldmiheh`be ]hjysmx \_lhqdm \gmljv qZrdbb \_e_efg_ dmjblvG_ bf_y dmkhqdZ m]ey \gmljb qZrdb[ueh ljm^ghjZa`_qv ljm[dmfu ^he`gu [ueb ^_j`Zlv ]hjysb_ \_ldb ^hl_o ihjihdZ kf_kv g_ jZa]hj_eZkv Dh]^Z ydhgqbe dmjblvhg kdZaZeqlh fu[ueb a^_kvêy lh]hqlh[u y fh]jZaukdZlv lhl\b^ ^bqbgZ dhlhjmx y ij_îheZ]Ze hohlblvkyHg aZ[hleb\hih\lhjbe fg_ ljb beb q_luj_ jZaZqlh gZb[he__\Z`guf Zki_dlhffh_c ihiuldb[ueh gZclb dZdb_gb[m^v yfuHg ih^q_jdgmekeh\h yfub kdZaZe qlh \gmljbbo fZ]fh] gZclb\k_ \bûkhh[s_gbc bmdZaZgbcY ohl_e kijhkblvdZdh]h jh^Z yfu wlh [ueb^hg OmZg dZaZehkvhl]Z^Ze fhc \hijhk b kdZaZeqlh bo [ueh g_\hafh`gh hibkZlv bqlh hgb[ueb \h[eZklb \b^_gvyHg ih\lhjbe g_kdhevdhjZaqlh y^he`_g khkj_^hlhqblv\k_ k\h_ \gbfZgb_ gZkemrZgvb a\mdh\b k^_eZlv\k_ \hafh`gh_qlh[u gZclb ûjuf_`^m a\mdZfbHg kdZaZeqlh hgkh[bjZeky b]jZlv gZ k\h_f eh\bl_e_ ^moh\ q_luj_ jZaZY ^he`_g [ue bkihevah\Zlv wlb`mldb_ ah\u\ dZq_kl\_ijh\h^gbdh\ dheeb dhlhjuc ijb\_lkl\h\Ze f_gywlhl heeb lh]^Z ^Zkl fg_ khh[s_gb_dhlhjh_ ybkdZe>hg OmZg\_e_e fg_gZoh^blvky \ iheghc [^bl_evghklblZd dZdhg g_agZedZdbf h[jZahfheeb ijhy\bl k_[yih hlghr_gbxdh fg_ Y \gbfZl_evgh ijbkemrb\ZekyY kb^_e kibghc d dZf_gbklhc klhjhg_ ohefZY bkiulu\Zemf_j_ggh_ hg_f_gb_ >hg OmZg ij_^mij_^be f_gy g_aZdju\Zlv ]eZaZY gZqZe kemrZlv bfh] jZaebqblvihk\bklu\Zgb_ ilbpr_e_kl ebklv_\ hl \_ljZ`m``Zgb_ gZk_dhfuoDh]^Z yihf_klbe \k_ k\h_ \gbfZgb_ \wlb a\mdby fh]^_ckl\bl_evgh jZah[jZlv q_luj_ jZaguo lbiZ ihk\bklu\ZgbyilbpY fh]jZaebqblv f_ê_ggu_ beb [uklju_ kdhjhklb\_ljZy fh]lZd`_ keurZlv jZaebqguc r_e_kl lj_o lbih\ ebklv_\@m``Zgb_ gZk_dhfuo [ueh ihjZabl_evgufBo [uehlZd fgh]hqlh yg_ fh]khkqblZlv bo beb ijZ\bevghjZa^_eblv bo Y [ueih]jm`_g \g_h[uqguc fbja\mdh\dhlhjh]h gbdh]^Z g_ [ueh \fh_c `bagbY gZqZekdhevablv \ijZ\h>hg OmZg k^_eZe ^\b`_gb_qlh[u hklZgh\blvf_gygh ykZf m`_k^_j`Ze k_[yY \uijyfbekyb k_eijyfh kgh\Z>hg OmZg i_j_^\bgme fh_ l_ehihdZ g_ihî_j f_gy\ s_ebdZf_gghc kl_guHg jZkqbklbe f_edb_dZfgb baih^ fhbogh] bmeh`be aZluehdfh_c ]heh\u gZdZf_gv Hg ih\_ebl_evghkdZaZe fg_qlh[u ykfhlj_e gZ]hju d x]h\hklhdmY khkj_^hlhqbefhc ijbklZevguc\a]ey^ \^Zevgh hg bkijZ\be f_gy b kdZaZeqlh y g_ ^he`_g kfhlj_lv ijbklZevghgh jZa]eyû\Zlvohefu i_j_^hfghc b jZklbl_ evghklv gZ gboHg ih\lhjbekgh\Z bkgh\Zqlh y ^he`_g khkj_^hlhqblv \k_k\h_ \gbfZgb_gZ kemrZgvb A\mdb gZqZeb ijhklmiZlvkgh\ZBo g_ [ueh gZklhevdh fgh]hqlh[u y ohl_e kemrZlvbokdhj__hgb dZdbflh kihkh[hf aZklZ\eyeb f_gydhgp_gljbjh\Zlvky gZ gbo<_l_j r_e_kl_e ebklvyfb<_l_j ijhr_e\\_jom gZ^^_j_\vyfb baZl_f \lygmeky \ ^hebgm]^_ fu[uebHimkdZykvhg dhkgmeky kgZqZeZ ebklv_\ gZ\_jomrdZo ^_j_\v_\hgb ba^Zeb hkh[uc a\mddhlhjucdZd yij_^klZ\be[ue gbadbf^j_[_a`Zsbf khqguf a\mdhfAZl_f \_l_j lhedgmedmklub bo ebklvy aZa\mqZeb ih^h[ghfgh`_kl\m f_edboij_^f_lh\wlh [ueihqlb f_eh^bqguc a\mdhq_gv ih]ehsZxsbcb \_kvfZlj_[h\Zl_evguc hgdZaZehkvfh] aZ]emrblv\k_ hklZevgh_Y gZr_e _]h g_ijbylgufY ihqm\kl\h\Zek_[y \aZljm^g_gbbihlhfm qlh fg_ ijbreh gZ mfqlh y [ue ih^h[_g rmjrZgbx dmklh\ jZa^jZ`Zxs_fm blj_[mxs_fmA\md [uelZd [ebahddh fg_qlh y bkiulu\Zeg_eh\dhklvAZl_f ymkeurZeqlh \_l_jijhr_eky ih a_fe_Wlh g_[ue [hevr_r_e_klysbc a\mdgh [hevr_ ihk\bklu\Zgb_ihqlb gbadh_ beb h^ghh[jZagh_ `m``Zgb_ Ijbkemrb\Zykv d a\mdZf\_ljZy ihgyeqlh \k_ljb ba gbo kemqbebkv kjZamY [uem^b\e_g l_fqlh y [ue kihkh[_g hlebqblv boh^bg hl^jm]h]hdh]^Z ykgh\Z gZqZe khagZ\Zlv ihk\bklu\Zgb_ ilbpb `m``Zgb_gZk_dhfuo< h^bgfhf_gl [ueb lhevdh a\mdb \_ljZZ \ke_^mxsbc fhf_gl]b]Zglkdbc ihlhd ^jm]bo a\mdh\ kjZam \hagbd \ kn_j_ fh_]h khagZgby Eh]bq_kdb\k_ kms_kl\h\Z\rb_a\mdb ^he`gu[ueb ihklhyggh ba^Z\Zlvky \l_q_gb_ \j_f_gbdh]^Z ykeurZe lhevdh\_l_j Y g_fh] khkqblZlv\k_o ihk\blu\Zgbcilbp beb`m``Zgbc gZk_dhfuoh^gZdhy [ue m[_`^_gqlh y keurZe dZ`ûc hl^_evguc a\mddh]^Z hg ijhba\h^beky<k_ \f_kl_ hgb kha^Z\Zeb hq_gv g_h[uqguc ihjy^hdY g_fh] gZa\Zlv wlh bgZq_q_f ihjy^hdWlh [ueihjy^hd a\mdh\dhlhju_ bf_eb kljhclh _klvdZ`ûc a\mdijhbkoh^be \ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb AZl_f ymkeurZe bkdexqbl_evgh^he]bc \hcHg aZklZ\be f_gy aZ^jh`Zlv<k_ ^jm]b_a\mdb \f]gh\_gb_ ij_djZlbebkvb ^hebgZ [ueZf_jl\hcihdZ hljZ`_gb_\hy g_^hklb]eh ^jm]hc klhjhgu ^hebguaZl_f rmfu\hagbdeb hiylvY kjZam`_ ihcfZe bo kljhcQ_j_a fhf_glgZijy`_ggh]h kemrZgbyy ih^mfZeqlh y ihgye j_dhf_g^Zpbx^hgZ OmZgZgZ[ex^Zlv aZûjZfb f_`^m a\mdZfbKljhc rmfh\bf_e bgl_j\Zeuf_`^m a\mdZfbGZijbf_j hkh[u_ ihk\bklu\Zgbyilbp [uebjZkkqblZgu ih\j_f_gb bbf_eb iZmau f_`^mkh[hcb lh`_ bf_eb\k_ ^jm]b_a\mdbdhlhju_ y \hkijbgbfZeR_e_kl ebklv_\[ue ih^h[_g\yadhfm de_xqlh khklZ\eyeh bo h^ghjh^gh_ `m``Zgb_>_eh [ueh\ lhfqlh kbgojhgghklv dZ`^h]ha\mdZ [ueZp_ehc \h[s_f kljh_a\mdh\ LZdbf h[jZahfbgl_j\Zeu bebiZmau f_`^ma\mdZfb_keb y h[jZsZe \gbfZgb_ gZgbo[ueb ûjZfb\ kljmdlmj_Y kgh\Z mkeurZe ijhgabl_evguc\hc eh\bl_ey^moh\ ^hgZOmZgZHg g_ ihljyk f_gygh a\mdbkgh\Z ij_djZlbebkv\ f]gh\_gb_b y \hkijbgye lZdhc i_j_ju\dZd ûjmhq_gv [hevrmx ûjm< wlhl kZfucfhf_gl yi_j_f_klbe k\h_\gbfZgb_ hlkemrZgvy d kfhlj_gbxY kfhlj_egZ kdhie_gb_gbadbo ohefh\ k iurghc a_e_ghc jZklbl_evghklvxKbemwlu ohefh\ [ueb jZkiheh`_gu lZdbf h[jZahfqlh kf_klZhldm^Z ykfhlj_egZ kdehg_ h^gh]h baohefh\dZaZehkv[ueZ \b^gZûjZ Wlh [uehf_klh f_`^m^\mfy ohefZfbb [eZ]h^Zjywlhfm y fh] \b^_lv gbadb_q_jgu_k k_jufhll_gdhf ]hju\^Zeb< wlhl fhf_gl yg_ agZeqlh wlh[ueh;ueh lZddZd [m^lh ûjZdhlhjmx y \b^_e[ueZ ûjhc\ a\md_AZl_f rmfu gZqZebkv kgh\Zgh \bamZevgh_bah[jZ`_gb_ h]jhfghc ûju hklZ\ZehkvDhjhldh_ \j_fykimkly yklZe _s_ [he__ hkljh hkhagZ\Zlv kljhc a\mdh\ bbo ihjy^hdb jZkij_^_e_gb_ bo iZmaFhc mf [uekihkh[_g jZaebqZlvb \u^_eylv h]jhfgh_ dhebq_kl\h hl^_evguoa\mdh\Y fh]^_ckl\bl_evgh ke_^blvaZ \k_fb a\mdZfbihwlhfm dZ`^ZyiZmaZ f_`^m a\mdZfb [ueZ hij_^_e_gghc ûjhc< hij_^_e_ggucfhf_gl iZmaukdjbklZeeb ah\Zebkv \fh_f mf_b h[jZah\Zebl\_j^mx j_r_ldmkljmdlmjm Y g_\b^_e bg_ keurZeboY qm\kl\h\Zekljmdlmjm dZdhclh g_ba\_klghc qZklvxk_[y >hg OmZg aZb]jZe gZ k\h_c[_q_\d_ _s_ jZaa\mdb ij_djZlbebkvdZd bij_`^_kha^Z\ h]jhfgmxûjm \a\mdh\hc kljmdlmj_H^gZdhgZ wlhl jZa wlZ [hevrZy iZmaZ ]Zjfhgbjh\ZeZ k ûjhc \ ohefZodhlhjmx y \b^_ehgb gZeh`bebkv ^jm]gZ ^jm]ZWnn_dl \hkijbylby^\mo ûjêbeky lZdh_ ^he]h_\j_fyqlh yfh] \b^_lvb keurZlvbo dhglmju lZd dZdhgb khhl\_lkl\h\Zeb^jm] ^jm]mAZl_f kgh\ZgZqZebkv ^jm]b_ a\mdbb kljmdlmjZiZma boklZeZ hlq_leb\ufihqlb \b^bfuf hsms_gb_fY klZe \b^_lv a\mdblZd dZd hgb kha^Z\Zeb kljhcb aZl_f\_kv wlhlkljhc klZegZdeZû\Zlvky gZ hdjm`Zxs__ l_f `_ kZfufiml_fdZdbf y \hkijbgbfZe gZeh`_gb_ ^\mo[hevrbo ûjY g_kfhlj_e bg_ kemrZedZd y ijb\ud wlh ^_eZlvY ^_eZeqlhlhqlh [ueh kh\_jr_ggh hlebqgufy khklZ\eyek\hckl\Z h[hboIh dZdhclh ijbqbg_ fh_ \gbfZgb_[ueh khkj_^hlhq_ghgZ [hevrhcûj_ \ohefZoY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh ykeurZe __b \lh `_kZfh_ \j_fyy \b^_e __< g_c[ueh qlhlh kh[eZagyxs__HgZ \k_p_eh ih]ehlbeZ fh_ ihe_ \hkijbylbyb dZ`ûchl^_evguc a\mdh\hc kljhc dhlhjuc kh\iZ^Zek hkh[_gghklyfbhdjm`_gbyaZ\bk_e hlwlhc ûju Y _s_jZa mkeurZe`mldbc \hceh\bl_ey ^moh\^hgZ OmZgZ \k_ a\mdb ij_djZlbebkv^\_ [hevrb_ ûjudZaZehkv k\_lbebkvb lh]^Zy kgh\Zm\b^_e \kiZoZggh_ihe_lZf klhye heebdZd y \b^_e_]h ij_`^_<b^ \k_ckp_gu klZe hq_gv ykgufY fh]\b^_lv _]hijyfhdZd [m^lhhg [ue\ iylb^_kylb yj^ZoY g_fh] \b^_lv_]h ebphreyiZ kdju\ZeZ_]hAZl_f hg gZqZeijb[eb`Zlvky dhfg_f_ê_ggh ih^gbfZygZ oh^mk\hx ]heh\my fh]ihqlb \b^_lv_]h ebphb wlhm`Zkgmeh f_gyY agZeqlh y ^he`_g[ue hklZgh\blv _]h [_a ijhf_ê_gby G_h[uqZcgZy \hegZ ijhreZ ih fh_fm l_emy qm\kl\h\Ze bkl_q_gb_ kbeuY ohl_ehl\_klb ]eZaZ\ klhjhgmqlh[u hklZgh\blv aj_ebs_gh y g_fh] k^_eZlv wlh]h< wlhl djblbq_kdbc fhf_glfg_ \]heh\m ijbreZfukevY agZelhqlh bf_e \ \b^m ^hgOmZgdh]^Z ]h\hjbeh qZklbpZo imlb k k_j^p_fdhlhju_ [ueb sblZfb;ueh qlhlhqlh y ohl_e ke_^Zlv \ k\h_c `bagbqlhlh hq_gv ih]ehsZxs__ b bgljb]mxs__qlhlhqlh gZihegyeh f_gy h]jhfguf kihdhckl\b_f b m^h\hevkl\b_fY agZeqlh heeb g_ fh] ih[_^blv f_gyY ih\_jgme]heh\m [_ah\kydh]h [_kihdhckl\Z ij_`^_ q_fy fh]m\b^_lv \k__]h ebph Y gZqZe kemrZlv\k_ ^jm]b_a\mdbhgb \g_aZigh klZeb hq_gv ]jhfdbfbb gZklhcqb\ufbdZd [m^lhhgb ^_ckl\bl_evgh k_j^bebkv gZ f_gyHgb ihl_jyebk\hc kljhc b hdZaZebkv Zfhjnguf dhg]ehf_jZlhfj_adbo[he_ag_gguo djbdh\Fhb mrb gZqZeb ]m^_lvih^ bo^Z\e_gb_fY qm\kl\h\Zeqlh fhy]heh\Z jZaju\Z_lkyY \klZeb aZdjuemrb eZ^hgyfb >hg OmZg ihfh] fg_ ^hclb ^h g_[hevrh]h jmq_cdZ aZklZ\be f_gykgylv h^_`^mb hdmgmef_gy \\h^mHg aZklZ\be f_gy e_qvgZ ihqlbkmoh_ jmkehjmqvyZ aZl_fkh[jZe \h^m\ k\hx reyimb ie_kgmegZ f_gy_c >Z\e_gb_ \ fhbomrZo kiZehhq_gv [ukljhb dmiZgb_ hlgyeh lhevdhg_kdhevdh fbgml>hg OmZgihkfhlj_e gZ f_gy h^h[jbl_evgh ihljyk ]heh\hc bkdZaZeqlh y k^_eZe k_[y l\_jûfg_h[udgh\_ggh [ukljh Hg h^_ef_gy bhl\_e f_gygZaZ^ df_klm]^_ ykb^_eY qm\kl\h\Ze k_[yg_h[udgh\_ggh kbevguf[h^juf bykguf Hg ohl_e agZlv \k_ ih^jh[ghklb fh_]h aj_ebsZHg kdZaZeqlh ûju\ a\mdZobkihevah\Zebkv fZ]Zfbqlh[u magZlv hkh[u_\_sbHeeb fZ]ZihdZau\Z_l keh`gu_^_eZ q_j_a wlb ûju\ a\mdZoHg hldZaZeky[he__ ih^jh[ghjZkkdZaZlv h ûjZob hl[jhkbefhb \hijhkukdZaZ\qlhldy g_bf_e heeblZdZy bgnhjfZpby[m^_l lhevdh\j_^gZ fg_ <k_ bf__lagZq_gb_ êyfZ]ZkdZaZe hgA\mdb bf_xl ûju \k_[_b lZd`_ ^_eZxl\k_ \hdjm]k_[y>_eZy h[uqguf iml_fq_eh\_d g_bf__l kdhjhklbqlh[u ko\Zlblv ûjub ihwlhfm hgb^_l kd\hav`bagv [_a aZsbluQ_j\b ilbpu^_j_\vy \k_ hgbfh]ml ]h\hjblvgZf g_\hh[jZabfu_ \_sb_keb lhevdh bf__rv kdhjhklvqlh[u ko\Zlblv bo khh[s_gby>ufhd fh`_l^Zlv gZfwlm ko\Zlu\Zxsmx kdhjhklv Gh fu^he`gu [ulv\ ohjhrbohlghr_gbyo kh\k_f `b\uf\ wlhf fbj_< wlhfijbqbgZ lh]hihq_fm fu^he`gu jZa]h\Zjb\Zlvk jZkl_gbyfbdh]^Z fukh[_j_fky kj_aZlvbob ba\bgylvky ijbqbgyy bf\j_^lh `_kZfh_ fu^he`gu ^_eZlvih hlghr_gbx d `b\hlgufdhlhjuo fukh[bjZ_fky m[blvFu ^he`gu [jZlv lhevdh lhqlh ^hklZlhqghêy gZrbogm`^bgZq_ jZkl_gby b `b\hlgu_b q_j\bdhlhjuo fum[bebh[_jgmlky ijhlb\gZk b [m^ml ijbqbghcgZr_c [he_agbb g_kqZklvy<hbg hkhagZ_lwlh b klZjZ_lky mkihdhblv bolh]^Zdh]^Z hg \kfZljb\Z_lky q_j_a ûju^_j_\vyilbpu b q_j\b ^Zxl _fm \_jgu_ khh[s_gby Gh \k_wlh l_i_jvg_\Z`gh<Z`gh lhqlh lu\b^_e heeb <hl l\hy^bqvY ]h\hjbel_[_qlh fukh[bjZebkv gZ qlhlh hohlblvkyY ^mfZeqlh wlh[m^_l `b\hlgh_Y jZkkqblu\Ze qlh lum\b^brv `b\hlgh_gZ dhlhjh_fu kh[bjZ_fkyhohlblvky KZf y\b^_e dZ[ZgZfhc eh\bl_ev^moh\ wlh dZ[Zg Ihq_fm fuijbreb kx^Zhohlblvky" Heeb ihdZaZel_[_ eh\bl_ev^moh\dhlhjuc hg ^hklZe ba k\h_c kmfdbL_[_ gm`gh ijbh[j_klb _]h_keb lu kh[bjZ_rvky \uau\Zlvheeb Qlh lZdh_eh\bl_ev ^moh\" Wlh gblv?x yfh]m \uau\Zlvheebfh_]h kh[kl\_ggh]h heebbeb yfh]m \uau\Zlv^moh\ \h^guoûj^moh\ j_d^moh\ ]hjFhc wlh dZ[Zgb a\mqblih^h[gh dZ[ZgmY bkihevah\Ze _]h ^\Z`ûêy l_[yqlh[u \ua\Zlv^moZ \h^ghcûjuqlh[u ihfhqv l_[_>mo ijboh^bed l_[_dZd heebijboh^be d l_[_ k_]h^gyH^gZdhlZ g_fh] \b^_lv_]hihlhfm qlhm l_[yg_l kdhjhklbh^gZdh\ lhl^_gvdh]^Z y\aye l_[y \ \h^guc dZgvhg biheh`be l_[ygZ dZf_gvlu agZeqlh ^mo[ue ihqlb gZ^ lh[hcb lu\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbg_ \b^_e_]hWlb ^mob ihfhsgbdbHgb l\_jû_qlh[u bo^_j`Zlv jmdZfbb dZd [u hiZkguGm`gZ [_amij_qgZy \heyqlh[u ^_j`Zlv bo \ [_a\uoh^ghf iheh`_gbb GZ qlhhgb ihoh`b" Hgb jZaebqgu êydZ`^h]h q_eh\_dZb lZd`_ heeb>ey l_[y heebhq_\b^gh\u]ey^bl ih^h[ghq_eh\_dmdhlhjh]h lu ij_`^_ agZebeb ih^h[gh q_eh\_dmdhlhjh]h lu \k_]^Z klZjZ_rvky magZlvwlh kdehgghklvl\h_c gZlmjuLu kdehg_gd lZcgZf bk_dj_lZfY g_ihoh` gZl_[yihlhfm qlhheeb êy f_gy wlh qlhlh hq_gvykgh_ >mob \h^guoûj \eZ^_evpu hkh[uof_klLhldhlhjh]h y \uau\Zeqlh[u ihfhqv l_[_ba\_kl_g fg_ kZfhfmHg ihfh]Ze fg_fgh]h jZaHg h[blZ_l\ wlhfdZgvhg_< lhljZa dh]^Z y\uau\Ze _]hqlh[u ihfhqvl_[_lu g_[ue kbevgufb ^mo ijbgye l_[ykmjh\hWlh g_[ueh _]hgZf_j_gb_ m gbo g_l wlh]h gh lue_`Ze lZfhq_gv keZ[uckeZ[__q_f y ih^haj_\ZeIha`_ ^mo_^\Z g_gZ\e_d gZl_[y l\hxkf_jlv\ \h^_ hjhkbl_evgh]hdZgZeZ lunhknhj_pbjh\Ze>mo \aye l_[y m^b\e_gb_fb lu_^\Z g_mf_jJZa ^mo^_eZ_l wlhhg \k_]^Z \ha\jZsZ_lky aZk\h_c `_jl\hcY [uem\_j_gqlh hg\_jg_lky aZ lh[hcD g_kqZklvxlu gm`^Z_rvky\ \h^_qlh[u klZlv dj_idbf kgh\Zdh]^Z lubkihevam_rv ûfhdwlh aZ]hgy_ll_[y \ m`Zkghg_\u]h^gh_ iheh`_gb_?keb lug_ bkihevam_rv\h^m lh lu\_jhylghmfj_rvgh _keblu bkihevam_rvf_gylh ^mo \havf_l l_[y Fh]m eby bkihevah\Zlv\h^m \^jm]hf f_kl_" Wlh g_bf__l gbdZdhcjZagbpu>mo \h^ghcûju \[ebab fh_]h ^hfZ fh`_lij_ke_^h\Zlv l_[y]^_ m]h^gh_keb lu g_ bf__rv eh\bl_ey^moh\<hl ihq_fmheeb ihdZaZewlh l_[_Hg kdZaZe l_[_qlh lugm`^Z_rvky \g_fHg h[_jgme_]h \hdjm] k\h_c e_\hc jmdbb ihr_ed l_[_mdZaZ\ gZ\h^guc dZgvhg K_]h^gy hgkgh\Z ohl_eihdZaZlv l_[_eh\bl_ev ^moh\dZd b\ i_j\uc jZadh]^Z lu \klj_lbeky kgbfB lhqlh lu ij_djZlbe[ueh [eZ]hjZamfghheeb r_ekebrdhf l\_j^h êy l\h_c kbeub ijyfh_ klhedgh\_gb_k gbf [ueh [u hq_gv \j_^guf êyl_[y DZd yfh]m ^hklZlveh\bl_ev ^moh\l_i_jv" Hq_\b^ghheeb kh[bjZ_lky^Zlv l_[__]h kZf DZd" Y g_ agZxLu ^he`_g[m^_rv ihclbd g_fmhg m`_ kdZaZe l_[_]^_ kfhlj_lv_]h =^_" LZfgZ\_jomgZ l_oohefZo]^_ lu\b^_e ûjm >he`_g eby m\b^_lvkZfh]h heeb" G_lGh hgm`_ ijb\_lkl\m_ll_[y>ufhd hldjue l_[_ imlv d g_fmAZl_fiha`_lu \klj_lbrvkyk gbf ebphf d ebpmgh wlhijhbahc^_l lhevdhihke_ lh]hdZd lu magZ_rv _]h hq_gvohjhrh =eZ\Z r_ kl gZ ^p Zl Zy Fu ijb[ueb \lm `_kZfmx ^hebgmiha^gh ihke_ ihem^gy ^_dZ[jy ]h^Z>hg OmZgih\lhjgh gZihfgbefg_dh]^Z fu ^\b]Zebkv kd\havdmklZjgbdqlh gZijZ\e_gby beb lhqdb hjb_glZpbb [ueb j_rZxs_ \Z`gufb \ ihiuld_dhlhjmx y kh[bjZeky ij_îjbgylv Lu ^he`_ghij_^_eblv \_jgh_gZijZ\e_gb_ g_f_ê_gghih ijb[ulbb gZ\_jrbgm ohefZkdZaZe ^hgOmZgDZd lhevdh lu [m^_rv gZ\_jrbg_ ohefZkdZaZe ^hgOmZgh[jZlbkv ebphf \wlhf gZijZ\e_gbbhg mdZaZegZ x]h\hklhdWlh l\h_ [eZ]hijbylgh_ gZijZ\e_gb_b lu\k_]^Z ^he`_g [ulv h[jZs_g ebphf dg_fmhkh[_gghdh]^Z lu \ [_kihdhckl\_ Ihfgb wlh Fu hklZgh\bebkvm hkgh\Zgbyohefh\]^_ y \hkijbgbfZe ûjmHg mdZaZegZ hkh[h_f_klh]^_ y^he`_g [uekb^_lvhg k_e jy^hf kh fghc b hq_gv kihdhcguf ]hehkhf ^Ze fg_ ih^jh[gu_ bgkljmdpbbHg kdZaZeqlhdZd lhevdhy ^hklb]gm \_jrbgu ohefZy ^he`_gijhlygmlv i_j_^kh[hc k\hx ijZ\mx jmdm eZ^hgvx \gba bjZklhiujb\ iZevpuih^h[gh \__jmaZ bkdexq_gb_f [hevrh]hiZevpZdhlhjuc ^he`_g[ulv ih^h]gmld eZ^hgbAZl_f y^he`_g ih\_jgmlv]heh\m dk_\_jm b ijb`Zlv jmdm d]jm^bmdZau\Zy jmdhclZd`_ gZk_\_jaZl_f y^he`_g lZgp_\ZlvihklZ\b\ fhxe_\mx gh]mihaZ^b ijZ\hcb m^Zjyy\ a_fex ghkdhfe_\hc gh]bHg kdZaZeqlhdh]^Z yihqm\kl\mx l_iehih^gbfZxs__ky ihfh_c e_\hcgh]_y ^he`_g gZqZlv f_ê_ggh i_j_ghkblvfhx jmdmk k_\_jZgZ x]Z aZl_fkgh\Z d k_\_jm F_klhgZ^ dhlhjufeZ^hgv l\h_c jmdb ihqm\kl\m_l l_iehdh]^Z luijhghkbrv jmdmwlh f_klh]^_ lu ^he`_g kb^_lvb wlh y\ey_lkylZd`_ gZijZ\e_gb_f\ dhlhjhf lu ^he`_g kfhlj_lvkdZaZe hg?keb f_klhd x]h\hklhdm beb _keb hgh \ wlhf gZijZ\e_gbbhg kgh\Z mdZaZe gZ x]h\hklhdj_amevlZlu [m^mlij_\hkoh^gufb?keb f_klh ]^_ l\hy jmdZklZgh\blky l_iehcd k_\_jmlh lu ihemqbrv kbevgh_ ihjZ`_gb_gh lufh`_rv ih\_jgmlvl_q_gb_ \ k\hx ihevam?keb f_klhd x]mlu [m^_rvbf_lv ly`_emx[hjv[m L_[_ gm`gh[m^_l ijh\_klbjmdm kgZqZeZq_luj_ jZaZgh dh]^Z luklZg_rv [he__agZdhf k^\b`_gb_fl_[_ gZ^h [m^_l ijh\_klb lhevdh jZaqlh[u agZlvkh[bjZ_lky bebg_l l\hy jmdZ klZlvl_iehc JZa lu mklZgh\be f_klh]^_ l\hy jmdZ klZgh\blky l_iehckZ^bkv lZfwlh l\hyi_j\Zy lhqdZ?keb lu h[jZs_g ebphf gZx] bebgZ k_\_jlu ^he`_gj_rblvqm\kl\m_rv eblu ^hklZlhqgh kbeuqlh[u hklZlvky?keb lubf__rv khfg_gby \ k_[_lh \klZgvb mc^bG_l g_h[oh^bfhklbhklZ\Zlvky_keb lu g_ m\_j_g?keb luj_rbe g_moh^blvhqbklv ^hklZlhqgh [hevrh_ f_klhqlh[u jZa\_klbh]hgvijbf_jgh \iylb nmlZo hl l\h_ci_j\hc lhqdbH]hgv ^he`_g[ulv gZijyfhc ebgbb k gZijZ\e_gb_f\ dhlhjhflu kfhljbrvF_klh]^_ lujZa\h^brv h]hgvwlh l\hy\lhjZy lhqdZAZl_f kh[_jb \k_ \_ldb dZdb_ kfh`_rvf_`^m wlbfb^\mfy lhqdZfbb jZa\_^b h]hgv Ky^v gZl\hx i_j\mxlhqdm bkfhljb gZh]hgvJZgh bebiha^gh ^mo ijb^_lb lum\b^brv _]h ?keb l\hyjmdZ kh\k_fg_ ihemqZ_ll_ieh ihke_ q_luj_o ^\b`_gbcf_ê_ggh ijh\_^bk\h_c jmdhck k_\_jZgZ x]Z aZl_f ih\_jgbkvdjm]hf bijh\_^b __gZ aZiZ^?keb l\hyjmdZ ihemqZ_l l_ieh \ex[hf f_kl_d aZiZ^m[jhkv \k_ b [_]b ;_]b \gba gZjh\gh_ f_klhb g_h[hjZqb\Zckyqlh [ulu gb mkeurZe beb gb ihqm\kl\h\ZeihaZ^b k_[yDZd lhevdh lu ^hklb]g_rv jh\gh]hf_klZdZd [ulu gb[ue bkim]Zgij_djZlb [_`ZlviZ^Zc gZa_fexkgbfZc k\hxdmjldmih^[_jb __ d `b\hlmb kdjmlbkvdZd fyqih^h]gm\ dhe_gbd `b\hlmLu ^he`_g lZd`_aZdjulv ]eZaZjmdZfbZ jmdbiehlgh ijb`Zlv d [_^jZfLu ^he`_ghklZ\Zlvky \wlhf iheh`_gbb^h mljZ?keb lu ihke_^m_rv wlbf ijhkluf f_jZfk lh[hc g_ kemqblky gbdZdh]h \j_^Z < kemqZ__keb lug_ kfh`_rv^hklbqv jh\gh]h f_klZ \h\j_fyiZ^Zc gZa_fex ijyfhlZf]^_ gZoh^brvkyM l_[y [m^_l m`Zkgh_ \j_fylZfL_[y [m^mlba\h^blvgh_keb lu khojZgbrv kihdhckl\b_b g_[m^_rv ^\b]Zlvkybeb kfhlj_lvlu \uc^_rv bawlh]h [_a_^bghc pZjZibgu L_i_jv_keb l\hyjmdZ g_ihemqbl l_ieZkh\k_fdh]^Z lu ijh\h^brv__ daZiZ^mkgh\Z ih\_jgbkvebphf d\hklhdm b [_]b \ \hklhqghf gZijZ\e_gbb ^h l_o ihjihdZ o\Zlbl ûoZgbyHklZgh\bkv lZfb ih\lhjbl_ `_^\b`_gbyLu ^he`_g ijh^he`Zlv [_`Zlv d\hklhdmih\lhjyc wlb^\b`_gby ^h l_o ihjihdZ l\hyjmdZ g_ihemqbe l_ieh >Z\ fg_wlb bgkljmdpbbhg aZklZ\beih\lhjylv f_gy bo ^h l_oihjihdZ yg_ aZmqbebo gZbamklvAZl_f fukb^_eb \ fheqZgbb ^he]h_\j_fyY ihiulZeky\hah[gh\blv jZa]h\hjiZjm jZagh hgdZ`ûc jZaaZklZ\eye f_gyfheqZlv ih\_ebl_evguf `_klhf KlZeh l_fghdh]^Z ^hgOmZg \klZeb gZqZe\a[bjZlvky gZ ohefY ihke_^h\ZeaZ gbfGZ \_jrbg_ohefZ ybkihegbe \k_ ^\b`_gbydhlhju_ hghibkZe>hg OmZgklhye g_^Ze_dhhl f_gy b khojZgye gZfg_ hkljuc\a]ey^Y [uehq_gv klZjZl_e_g b mfure_ggh f_êbl_e_gY iulZeky ihqm\kl\h\Zlv dZdh_eb[h hsmsZ_fh_ baf_g_gb_ l_fi_jZlmjugh yg_ fh] h[gZjm`blv qlh[u eZ^hgvfh_c jmdbklZeZ l_iehcD wlhfm\j_f_gb klZeh kh\_jr_ggh l_fghh^gZdhy \k_`_ fh][_`Zlv \ \hklhqghf gZijZ\e_gbbg_ gZludZykvgZ dmkluY hklZgh\bekydh]^Z aZiuoZekyb [ueg_ kebrdhf^Ze_dh hlfh_c lhqdbhlijZ\e_gby Y qm\kl\h\Ze qj_a\uqZcgmx mklZehklv b gZijy`_gb_Fhb ij_îe_qvy bbdju [he_eb Y ih\lhjbelZf \k_lj_[m_fu_ ^\b`_gbyb kgh\Z ihemqbe lhl `_ hljbpZl_evgucj_amevlZlY [_]Ze\ l_fghl__s_ ^\Z jZaZb aZl_fdh]^Z yijh\h^be k\h_cjmdhc \lj_lbc jZa jmdZ klZeZ l_iehc gZ^lhqdhc d\hklhdmWlh [ueh lZdh_ hij_^_e_ggh_ baf_g_gb_l_fi_jZlmjuqlh ybkim]ZekyY k_eb ^h`^Zeky ^hgZOmZgZY kdZaZe_fmqlh h[gZjm`be baf_g_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju \ fh_c jmd_Hg \_e_efg_ ijh^he`Zlvb y ih^h[jZe \k_kmob_ \_ldbdZdb_ fh]gZclbb jZa`_] h]hgv Hg k_e\ iZj_nmlh\ hlf_gyke_\Z IeZfy jbkh\Zehg_h[uqgu_ lZgpmxsb_kbemwlu<j_f_gZfb ieZfy klZgh\behkvjZ^m`gufhgh \ujZklZehdjZkgufZ aZl_f klZgh\behkv k\_jdZxs_[_eufY h[tykgyewlm g_h[uqgmx b]jm p\_lh\ l_fqlh wlhijhba\h^behkv dZdbfblh obfbq_kdbfb k\hckl\Zfb hkh[uokmobo \_l\_cb \_lhq_ddhlhju_ ykh[jZe >jm]hc hq_gvg_h[uqghc hkh[_gghklvxh]gy [uebbkdjuGh\u_ \_ldbdhlhju_ yijh^he`Ze ^h[Z\eylvkha^Z\Zeb qj_a\uqZcgh [hevrb_ bkdjuY ih^mfZeqlh hgb[ueb ih^h[gu l_ggbkguf fyqZfdhlhju_dZaZehkv\aju\Zebkv \ukhdh\ \ha^mo_ Y ijbklZevghb khkj_^hlhq_gghkfhlj_e gZh]hgvlZdbf kihkh[hfdZdbfdZd yiheZ]Ze^hg OmZg kh\_lh\Ze fg_ kfhlj_lvb mf_gy aZdjm`beZkv]heh\ZHg \jmqbefg_ k\hx [mluev ba lud\u k \h^hc b ihdZaZe fg_ \uiblv<h^Z jZkkeZ[beZ f_gy b ijb^ZeZ fg_ \hkoblbl_evgh_ qm\kl\h [h^jhklb >hg OmZggZdehgbeky \i_j_^b ijhr_ilZefg_ gZmohqlh y g_^he`_g ijbklZevghkfhlj_lv gZieZfyZ lhevdhgZ[ex^Zlv \ gZijZ\e_gbb h]gyFg_ klZehhq_gv oheh^ghb kujh ihke_ lh]hdZd ygZ[ex^Ze ihqlbqZk< fhf_gldh]^Z ykh[bjZeky gZdehgblvky bih^h[jZlv \_ldbqlhlhih^h[gh_ fhluevdmbeb iylgurdm \ fh_c k_lqZld_ijhg_kehkv i_j_^h fghc kijZ\Z gZe_\h f_`^m fghc b h]g_fY g_f_ê_ggh hlrZlgmekyY \a]eygme gZ ^hgZOmZgZb hgihdZaZe fg_^\b`_gb_f k\h_]h ih^[hjh^dZ hiylvkfhlj_lv gZieZfyFhf_gl kimklylZ `_l_gv ijhg_keZkv \ijhlb\hiheh`ghf gZijZ\e_gbb >hg OmZg ihki_rgh\klZe bgZqZe gZdeZû\Zlvfmkhj gZ \_jrbgm ]hjysbo\_lhdihdZ kh\_jr_gghg_ ih]ZkbeieZfyHg \uihegbe lmr_gb_dhkljZ k]jhfZ^ghc kdhjhklvxDh \j_f_gb dh]^Z y ^\bgmekyqlh[u ihfhqv_fmhg m`_ dhgqbeHg gZ[jhkZe ]jyavgZ \_jole_xsbo \_lhdZ aZl_fihlZsbe f_gy \gba d \uoh^m ba ^hebguFu reb hq_gv [ukljhHg g_ h[hjZqb\Zeky bg_ iha\heyefg_ aZ]h\hjblv\h\k_ Dh]^Z fu ^h[jZebkv ^h fh_cfZrbgu qZku kimklyy kijhkbe _]hqlh wlh[ueZ aZ\_svdhlhjmx y \b^_eHg ih\_ebl_evgh ihljyk]heh\hcb fuih_oZeb \iheghf fheqZgbb Dh]^Z fu ih^t_oZeb d_]h ^hfmjZgh mljhfhg ihr_e ijyfh \gmljvb kgh\Zg_ iha\hebefg_ ]h\hjblv >hg OmZgkb^_e kgZjm`b\hae_ k\h_]h^hfZHgdZaZehkv `^Zedh]^Z yijhkgmkvihlhfm qlhhg aZ]h\hjbedZd lhevdh y \ur_e ba ^hfZHg kdZaZeqlh l_gvdhlhjmx y \b^_e ij_û^ms_c ghqvx[ue ^mokbeu dhlhjh]hijbgZê_`bl hkh[hfm f_klm]^_ y\b^_e _]hHg kdZaZeqlh wlhhkh[h_ kms_kl\h [_kihe_agh Hgh lhevdh`b\_l lZfkdZaZe hghgh g_ bf__l k_dj_lh\ kbeuihwlhfm g_[ueh kfukeZhklZ\Zlvky lZfLu \b^_e lhevdh [ukljh f_evdgm\rmxl_gvijhoh^ysmx \aZ^ b \i_j_^ \kxghqvH^gZdh_klv ^jm]b_\bû kms_kl\dhlhju_ fh]ml ^Zlvl_[_ k_dj_lukbeu_keb l_[_ihkqZkleb\blky gZclb bo AZl_f fukt_eb mlj_ggbcaZ\ljZd bkh\k_f g_ ]h\hjbeb Ihke_ _ûfu k_ebi_j_^ _]h^hfhf ?klv ljb\b^Z kms_kl\kdZaZe hg\g_aZighl_ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml ^Zlv gbq_]hihlhfm qlh hgb g_ bf_xl gbq_]hqlh [u hgbfh]eb ^Zlvl_dhlhju_ fh]ml lhevdh \uau\Zlv kljZob l_dhlhju_ bf_xlkihkh[ghklbLhqlh lu \b^_e ijhrehc ghqvx[ueh fheqZeb\hhgh g_ fh`_l gbq_]h ^Zlvwlh lhevdhl_gv;hevrmx qZklv\j_f_gbh^gZdh^jm]hc lbi kms_kl\ k\yau\Z_lky k fheqZeb\uf kms_kl\hf hl\jZlbl_evguc ^moqv_ _^bgkl\_ggh_dZq_kl\h \uau\Zlv kljZo bdhlhjuc \k_]^Z[helZ_lky \hdjm]`bebsZ fheqZeb\h]h kms_kl\Z<hl ihq_fm yj_rbe [uklj__ mclb hllm^ZWlhl aeh[guc lbi ij_ke_^m_l ex^_cijyfh \bo ^hfZob ^_eZ_l `bagv g_\hafh`ghc êy gboY agZx ex^_cdhlhju_ [ueb \ugm`^_gu kt_a`Zlvkh k\hbof_kl baaZ gboGh \k_]^Z _klv ex^bdhlhju_ \_jylqlh hgbfh]ml fgh]h_ihemqblv hllZdh]h kms_kl\Zb ijhklhcnZdlqlh ^moijbkmlkl\m_l hdheh ^hfZ g_ bf__l gbdZdh]hagZq_gbyEx^b iulZxlkykh[eZagblv _]h beb hgbfh]ml ke_^h\ZlvaZ gbf\hdjm] ^hfZih^ \i_qZle_gb_f qlh hgfh`_l hldjulvlZcgu bfGh _^bgkl\_ggZy\_svdhlhjmx ihemqZxl ex^bwlh im]Zxs__i_j_`b\Zgb_Y agZx ex^_c dhlhju_ ihhq_j_^ghgZ[ex^Zeb h^gh]hba wlbo hl\jZlbl_evguo kms_kl\dhlhju_ ij_ke_^h\Zebbo \bo ^hf_Hgb gZ[ex^ZebaZ ^mohf f_kypZfb\ dhgp_dhgph\ dlhgb[m^v ^jm]hc^he`_g [ue \f_rZlvky b \ulZkdb\Zlvex^_c babo ^hfZhgb klZgh\bebkv keZ[ufb bbklhs_ggufbIhwlhfm_^bgkl\_ggZy [eZ]hjZamfgZy \_svdhlhjmx fh`ghk^_eZlv ihhlghr_gbx dwlhfm aeh[ghfm lbimaZ[ulv hg_f bhklZ\blv _]hh^gh]h Y kijhkbe_]hdZd ex^bkh[eZagyxl ^moZHg kdZaZeqlh ex^b klZjZxlkyjZa]Z^Zlv kgZqZeZ]^_ ^mogZb[he__ \_jhylgh ihy\blkyZ aZl_fhgb deZ^mlhjm`b_ gZ_]h imlb\ gZ^_`^_ qlh hg fh`_l dhkgmlvky hjm`byihlhfm qlh ^mob ex[beb ijbgZê_`ghklb \hcgu>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh ex[h_ kms_kl\h beb ex[hc ij_^f_ldhlhjh]h dhkgmeky ^moih ijZ\m klZgh\blky ij_^f_lhfkbeuH^gZdhaeh[gh_ kms_kl\hgbdh]^Z gbq_]h g_ dZkZehkvZ lhevdhijhba\h^beh kemoh\mx beexabx rmfZ AZl_f ykijhkbe ^hgZOmZgZ hkihkh[_dhlhjuf wlb^mob \uau\Zxl kljZoHg kdZaZeqlh bogZb[he__ ijhklufkihkh[hf im]Zlv ex^_c[ueh ihdZau\Zlvkyl_fghc l_gvx\ \b^_q_eh\_dZ dhlhjuc [jh^bl \hdjm] ^hfZijhba\h^y im]Zxsbc klmd beb a\mdb ]hehkh\beb l_fghcl_gvxdhlhjZy g_h`b^ZgghrZlZykv \uoh^bl bal_fgh]h m]eZ >hg OmZg kdZaZeqlh lj_lbclbi ^moZ [ue gZklhysbf heebdhlhjuc hldju\Z_l lZcguwlhl hkh[uc lbi `b\_l \ m_^bg_gbb\ aZ[jhr_gguof_klZo\ f_klZodhlhju_ ihqlb g_^hklmiguHg kdZaZeqlh q_eh\_ddhlhjuc ohq_l gZclb h^gh]h bawlbo kms_kl\^he`_g iml_r_kl\h\Zlv^Ze_dh bb^lb d g_fmkZf< hl^Ze_gghfb m_^bg_gghff_kl_ q_eh\_d ^he`_g ij_îjbgbfZlv \k_g_h[oh^bfu_ f_juh^bgHg ^he`_gkb^_lv m k\h_]h dhkljZb_keb m\b^bll_gvhg ^he`_g g_f_ê_ggh mclbH^gZdhhg ^he`_g hklZlvky_keb hg g_h`b^Zggh \klj_lbeky k^jm]bfb mkeh\byfblZdbfbdZd kbevguc \_l_j dhlhjuc ]Zkbl_]h dhkl_jb g_^Z_l _fm\hafh`ghklb jZa`_qv _]h kgh\Z\ l_q_gb_q_luj_o ihiulhdbeb _kebgZ [eb`Zcr_f ^_j_\_ kehfZ_lky\_ldZ<_ldZ ^he`gZ^_ckl\bl_evgh kehfZlvky b q_eh\_d ^he`_g [ulv m\_j_gqlh wlh g_ ijhklh a\md ehfZxs_cky \_ldb >jm]bfb mkeh\byfb [uehlhqlh hg^he`_g khagZ\Zlv h ihdZlb\rboky dZfgyobeb h[meu`gbdZodhlhju_ [jhr_gu\ _]h h]hgvbeb hdZdhfgb[m^v ihklhygghfrmf_b lh]^Zhg ^he`_g b^lb \ gZijZ\e_gbb\ dhlhjhfijhbahr_e ex[hc ba wlbo n_ghf_gh\ihdZ ^mog_ ihdZ`_lkykZf ;ueh fgh]hkihkh[h\dhlhjufb lZdh_kms_kl\h ih^\_j]Z_l \hbgZ bkiulZgbxHgh fh]eh\g_aZigh \uiju]gmlvi_j_^ gbf \ hq_gv m]jh`Zxs_f\b^_beb hghfh]eh ko\Zlblvq_eh\_dZ kaZ^b bg_ ^Z\Zy_fm ih\_jgmlvky^_j`Zlv _]hk\yaZgguf qZkZfb Hgh fh]ehlZd`_ k\Zeblv^_j_\h gZg_]h>hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh wlh [ueb ^_ckl\bl_evghhiZkgu_ kbeubohly hgbg_ fh]eb m[blv q_eh\_dZebqghhgb fh]eb\ua\Zlv _]hkf_jlvgZim]Z\ _]hbeb ^_ckl\bl_evghiha\heb\ ij_^f_lZfmiZklv gZ g_]h bebihy\b\rbkv g_h`b^Zggh b aZklZ\b\ _]h kihldgmlvky khj\Zlvky kh[ju\Z Hg kdZaZefg_qlh_keb ygZc^m h^gh]hba wlbokms_kl\ ijb g_ihôh^ysbo h[klhyl_evkl\Zoy gbdh]^Z g_ ^he`_g iulZlvky [hjhlvky k gbfihlhfm qlhhg m[v_l f_gyHg hlgbf_l fhx ^mrmIhwlhfm y^he`_g [jhkblvkygZ a_fex b l_ji_lv _]h^h mljZ Dh]^Z q_eh\_dklZedb\Z_lky kheeb^Zjbl_e_f lZcghg ^he`_g kh[jZlv\k_ k\h_fm`_kl\h bko\Zlblv _]hij_`^_ q_f lhl ko\Zlbl_]hbeb ij_ke_^h\Zlv_]hij_`^_ q_flhl gZqg_l ij_ke_^h\Zlv _]hIj_ke_^h\Zgb_ ^he`gh[ulv g_hlklmigufb lh]^Z ijhbkoh^bl[hjv[ZQ_eh\_d ^he`_gijb`Zlv ^moZd a_fe_ b ^_j`Zlv_]h ^hl_o ihjihdZ lhlg_ ^Zkl_fm kbem Y kijhkbe _]h[ueb ebwlb kbeufZl_jbZevgu_keb bo fh`gh [ueh^_ckl\bl_evgh dhkgmlvkyHg kdZaZeqlh kZfZb^_y h ^mo_hagZqZeZ qlhlh wn_f_jgh_êy f_gy G_ gZau\Zcbo ^moZfbkdZaZe hggZau\Zc boheeb gZau\Zc bog_h[tykgbfufb kbeZfb Hg fheqZeg_dhlhjh_ \j_fyaZl_f e_]gZ kibgmb ihî_j ]heh\m keh`_ggufb jmdZfbY gZklZb\Ze b `_eZe magZlv fZl_jbZevgu ebwlb kms_kl\Z ;m^v lu ijhdeylhgb fZl_jbZevgukdZaZe hg ihfheqZ\ g_fgh]hDh]^Z dlhgb[m^v [hj_lkyk gbfbhgb l\_jû_gh wlhqm\kl\h êblkylhevdh fhf_glWlb kms_kl\Z iheZ]Zxlky gZ q_eh\_q_kdbc kljZoihwlhfm_keb q_eh\_d [hj_lky k h^gbf bagbodZd \hbgkms_kl\h l_jy_l k\h_ gZijy`_gb_ hq_gv[ukljh\ lh\j_fydZd q_eh\_dklZgh\blky [he__ kbevgufFh`gh ^_ckl\bl_evghih]ehlblv kbem^moZ DZdhc wlh\b^ gZijy`_gby"kijhkbe y KbeZDh]^Z dZkZ_rvkybohgb \b[jbjmxldZd [m^lh hgb ]hlh\u jZahj\Zlv gZqZklbGh wlh lhevdh \b^bfhklv GZijy`_gb_ dhgqZ_lkydh]^Z q_eh\_dm^_j`b\Z_l k\hxo\Zldm Qlh ijhbkoh^bldh]^Z hgbl_jyxl k\h_ gZijy`_gb_" KlZgh\ylky ebhgb ih^h[gu\ha^mom" G_lhgb ijhklhklZgh\ylky [_kkbevgufbHgbl_f g_ f_g__bf_xl fZl_jbZevghklvh^gZdhGh hgZg_ ihoh`Zgb gZ qlhq_]h dZ`ûcdh]^Zeb[h dZkZeky Iha`_\_q_jhfy kdZaZe_fmqlh\hafh`ghlhqlh y \b^_e ij_û^ms_c ghqvxfh] [ulv lhevdh fhlue_dHg aZkf_yeky b hq_gvl_ji_eb\h h[tykgbeqlh fhluevdb e_lZxl \aZ^ b\i_j_^ lhevdh\hdjm] we_dljbq_kdboeZfiihlhfm qlh eZfiZ g_ k`b]Z_lbo djuev_\IeZfygZijhlb\k`b]Z_l bo kjZam `_dZd lhevdhhgb ihê_lZxl[ebadh dg_fmHg lZd`_ mdZaZeqlh l_gvaZdju\ZeZ \_kvh]hgvDh]^Z hgmihfygme h[ wlhfy \kihfgbeqlh wlh[ueZ ^_ckl\bl_evghhq_gv [hevrZy l_gv b qlhhgZ ^_ckl\bl_evghaZdjueZ h]hgv gZ f]gh\_gb_ H^gZdhwlh ijhbahrehlZd [ukljhqlh yg_ ijb^Ze hkh[h]h agZq_gby wlhfm\kihfbgZy h[wlhf jZgvr_ AZl_f hgmdZaZeqlh bkdju[ueb hq_gv[hevrb_ be_l_eb ke_\ZY bkZf wlhaZf_lbeY kdZaZeqlh\hafh`gh\_l_j ^me \wlhf gZijZ\e_gbb>hg OmZghl\_lbeqlh lZfkh\k_f g_ [ueh \_ljZWlh [ueh\_jgh<kihfbgZy fh_i_j_`b\Zgb_y fh] \kihfgblvqlh ghqv[ueZ [_a\_lj_gghc >jm]hc \_svxdhlhjmx ykh\_jr_ggh g_ aZf_lbe[ue a_e_gh\Zluc p\_l ieZf_gbdhlhjuc yh[gZjm`bedh]^Z ^hg OmZg ihdZaZefg_ khojZgylv\a]ey^ gZh]g_ihke_ lh]hdZd l_gv i_j\uc jZa i_j_k_deZ ihe_fh_]h aj_gby>hg OmZg gZihfgbe fg_h[ wlhfHg lZd`_\hajZ`Ze ijhlb\lh]hqlh[u y gZau\Ze wlh l_gvx ijbajZdhfHg kdZaZeqlh hgZ [ueZ djm]ehc b[he__ ihoh^beZgZ imaujv >\Z ^gy kimkly^_dZ[jy ]h^Z^hg OmZg hq_gv g_[j_`guf lhghf kdZaZeqlh y agZe \k_ ih^jh[ghklb b g_h[oh^bfmx l_ogbdmêy lh]hqlh[u ihclb\ ohefukZfhfm b ihemqblv ij_^f_l kbeueh\bl_ev ^moh\Hg ih[m`^Ze f_gy hlijZ\blvky h^ghfmb ml\_j`^Zeqlh _]hh[s_kl\h lhevdh [u ihf_rZeh fg_ Y [ue]hlh\ hlijZ\blvkydh]^Z hgdZaZehkvi_j_^mfZe Lu g_^hklZlhqghkbe_gkdZaZe hgY ihc^mk lh[hc d ih^gh`vxohefh\ Dh]^Z fu[ueb \g_[hevrhc ^hebg_]^_ y\b^_e heebhg bamqbe k jZkklhygby f_klghklvdhlhjmx ygZa\Ze ûjhc \ ohefZob kdZaZeqlh fu^he`gu b^lb_s_ ^Zevr_gZ x] d ^Zevgbf ]hjZf@bebs_ heeb [ueh kZfhc ^Zevg_c lhqdhc dhlhjmx fufh]eb \b^_lvq_j_a ûjm Y ihkfhlj_e gZ jZkiheh`_gb_b \k_qlh y fh] jZaebqblvwlh ]hem[h\ZlmxfZkkm ^Zevgbo]hjHg ih\_ef_gy h^gZdh\ x]h\hklhqghf gZijZ\e_gbbb q_j_ag_kdhevdh qZkh\ oh^v[u fu ^hklb]eb lhqdbdhlhjZydZd hg kdZaZe[ueZ ^hklZlhqgh ]em[hdhc\ f_klhij_[u\Zgbbheeb Fu hklZgh\bebkviha^gh ihke_ihem^gyFu k_ebgZ dZfgb Y mklZe b[ue ]heh^_g\k_qlh y_e \l_q_gb_ ^gy[ueh g_kdhevdh e_i_r_d b \h^Z>hg OmZg kh\_jr_ggh \g_aZigh \klZeihkfhlj_e gZg_[h b\_e_e fg_ ih\_ebl_evguf lhghf \u[jZlv gZijZ\e_gb_dhlhjh_ [ueh emqrbf êy f_gy b m[_^blvkyqlh yfh] \kihfgblvlhqdm]^_ fu[ueb \ wlhl fhf_glqlh[u y fh]\_jgmlvky lm^Zdh]^Z y aZdhgqmHg kdZaZe \gh\v m\_j_gghqlh hg[m^_l `^Zlvf_gy^Z`_ _keb wlh aZcf_l\k_ fh_\j_fy Y kijhkbe hq_gv lj_\h`gh\_jbe ebhgqlh ^_eh ih ^h[uq_ eh\bl_ey^moh\ fh]eh[u hlgylvfgh]h \j_f_gb Dlh agZ_l"kdZaZe hglZbgkl\_ggh meu[gm\rbkv Y ihr_e d x]h\hklhdmh[_jgm\rbkv iZjm jZaqlh[u ihkfhlj_lv gZ ^hgZ OmZgZHg hq_gv f_ê_ggh r_e \ ijhlb\hiheh`ghf gZijZ\e_gbbY \ah[jZekygZ \_jrbgm[hevrh]h ohefZ b ihkfhlj_egZ ^hgZOmZgZ _s_jZahg [ue \ ^h[juo ^\moklZo yj^Zohl f_gyHg g_h[hjZqb\Zeky bg_ kfhlj_e gZ f_gyY k[_`Zed ih^gh`vx\ g_[hevrmxqZr_h[jZagmx \iZ^bgm f_`^m ohefZfb b\g_aZigh h[gZjm`bek_[y h^gh]hY k_e gZ g_dhlhjh_ \j_fyb gZqZem^b\eylvky lhfmqlh y^_eZe a^_kv Y ihqm\kl\h\Ze g_e_ihklvihbkdZ eh\bl_ey^moh\Y \a[_`Ze gZaZ^ gZ\_jrbgm ohefZqlh[u ihemqr_jZa]ey^_lv ^hgZOmZgZ gh y g_ fh]m\b^_lv _]hgb]^_Y ih[_`Ze d ih^gh`vx\ gZijZ\e_gbb]^_ y ihke_^gbc jZa \b^_e _]hY ohl_e ij_djZlblv \k_ ^_eh b m_oZlv^hfhcY qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y kh\_jr_ggh hp_i_g_\rbfb mklZ\rbf >hg OmZgdjbqZe ykgh\Z bkgh\Z ?]h gb]^_ g_[ueh \b^ghY kgh\Z\a[_`Ze gZ \_jrbgm ^jm]h]h \ukhdh]h ohefZy g_m\b^_e _]hb hllm^ZlZd`_Y [_]Ze \_a^_\ukfZljb\Zy _]hgh hgbkq_aY \_jgmeky b ijbr_e gZaZ^d i_j\hgZqZevghfmf_klm]^_ hghklZ\be f_gyM f_gy [ueZg_e_iZy m\_j_gghklvqlh ygZc^m _]hkb^ysbf lZfb kf_xsbfky gZ^fh_c g_ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvx < dZdhcZ^ yihiZe" Y agZe lh]^Zqlh g_[ueh kihkh[ZhklZgh\blv \k_ lh qlh y ^_eZelZfY ^_ckl\bl_evghg_ agZedZd \_jgmlvky d fh_c fZrbg_>hg OmZgfgh]h jZa baf_gye gZijZ\e_gb_Z hkgh\ghc hjb_glZpbb gZq_luj_ lhqdb[ueh g_^hklZlhqghY bkim]Zekyqlh aZ[em`mkv\ ]hjZoY k_eb \i_j\uc jZa \ k\h_c `bagby bf_eg_h[uqgh_ qm\kl\hqlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh g_ [ueh imlb\_jgmlvky dbkoh^ghc lhqd_hlijZ\e_gby>hg OmZg ]h\hjbeqlh y\k_]^Z gZklZb\ZegZ hlijZ\ghclhqd_dhlhjmx y gZau\Ze gZqZehflh]^Z dZd\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbgZqZeZ g_ kms_kl\m_lB lZfkj_^b wlbo]hjy ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh y ihgye lhqlh hg bf_e\ \b^mWlh [ueh lZddZd [m^lh bkoh^gZy lhqdZ\k_]^Z [ueZfghc kZfbfdZd [m^lh^hgZ OmZgZ gbdh]^Z \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb g_ [ueh lZfb dh]^Z y \ukfZljb\Ze _]hhg klZel_fq_f hg\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb[ue fZe_gvdbf h[jZahfdhlhjuc bkq_aaZ ohefhf Y mkeurZe lbobc r_e_klebklv_\b g_h[uqguc ZjhfZl hdjm`be f_gyY ihqm\kl\h\Ze\_l_j ^Z\e_gb_fgZ fhb ]eZaZ ih^h[gh hklhjh`ghfm`m``ZgbxKhegp_ kh[bjZehkvkdjulvky aZ iehlgufb lmqZfb gZ^]hjbahglhfdhlhju_ \u]ey^_eb ih^h[gh ]mklh hdjZr_gghc hjZg`_\hc klZ_dh]^Z hgh bkq_aZeh aZ ly`_euf ihdjh\hf gbadbolmqfhf_gl kimkly hgh ihy\behkv kgh\ZdZd l_fghdjZkguc rZjieu\msbc \ ûfd_Hgh dZaZehkv[hjhehkv g_dhlhjh_\j_fyqlh[u \hclb \ dehqhd ]hem[h]h g_[Zgh lmqbdZd [m^lhg_ ^Z\Zebkhegpm \j_f_gbZ aZl_f hjZg`_\Zy klZy b l_fgu_ kbemwlu ]hjdZaZehkv ih]ehlbeb _]h Y e_] gZkibgmFbj \hdjm]f_gy [uelZdbf kihdhcguf lZdbf [_afyl_`gufgh\ lh`_ kZfh_\j_fylZdbf qm`ûf qlh yihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[yih^Z\e_ggufY g_ohl_e ieZdZlvgh ke_au ihdZlbebkvkZfb Y hklZ\Zeky \wlhf iheh`_gbbg_kdhevdh qZkh\Y [ue ihqlb g_kihkh[_g \klZlvDZfgb ih^hfghc [uebl\_jûfbb ijyfh lZf]^_ y e_`Ze[ueZ j_^dZy jZklbl_evghklv\ dhgljZkl k khqgufba_e_gufb dmklZfb\_a^_ \hdjm]Hllm^Z ]^_ y [uey fh]\b^_lv \_jomrdb \ukhdbo ^_j_\v_\ gZ \hklhqguo ohefZo GZdhg_pklZeh kh\_jr_gghl_fghY ihqm\kl\h\Ze k_[y emqr_\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklby qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y ihqlb kqZkleb\uf>ey f_gy ihemlvfZ [ueZ gZfgh]h [he__ ihmqbl_evghc baZsbsZxs_cq_f [_a`Zehklguc^g_\ghc k\_l Y \klZe\e_a gZ\_jrbgm g_[hevrh]h ohefZ b gZqZe ih\lhjylv ^\b`_gbydhlhjuf ^hgOmZg gZmqbef_gyY ijh[_]Ze d \hklhdm k_fv jZab lhevdhlh]^Z y aZf_lbe baf_g_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju \fh_c jmd_Y jZa\_eh]hgv bklZe \gbfZl_evgh gZ[ex^ZlvdZd kh\_lh\Ze ^hg OmZgjZkkfZljb\Zy dZ`^mx ^_lZevIjhreb qZkub ygZqZe qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y hq_gv mklZ\rbf b aZf_jarbfY kh[jZep_emx dmqmkmobo \_lhdy ih^^_j`b\Ze h]hgvb ih^\bgmekyd g_fm[eb`_;h^jkl\h\Zgb_ [ueh lZdbf mk_j^gufb lZdbfgZijy`_ggufqlh hgh bagmjbeh f_gyb ygZqZe de_\ZlvghkhfY ^\Z`ûaZkuiZe bijhkuiZeky lhevdh lh]^Zdh]^Z fhy]heh\Z dZqZeZkv\ klhjhgmY [ue lZdhf khggufqlh g_fh] [hevr_gZ[ex^Zlv aZh]g_fY ihibe \hû b ^Z`_ ih[jua]Ze _xgZ ebphqlh[u g_ kiZlvFg_ m^Zehkv ih[hjhlvfhx khgeb\hklvlhevdh gZdhjhldh_ \j_fyY klZe dZdbflh mgueuf bjZa^jZ`_ggufy qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y djZcg_ [_kihfhsguf kms_kl\hf lZfb wlh \ua\Zeh \h fg_ hsms_gb_ bjjZpbhgZevgh]h jZkljhckl\Z b mgugbyY [ue mklZeuf]heh^gufkhgguf bg_e_ih jZa^jZ`_ggufkZfbf kh[hc GZdhg_py hldZaZeky[hjhlvky khkghfY ^h[Z\be ih[hevr_ kmobo \_lhd\ dhkl_jb e_]kiZlvIh]hgy aZheeb beh\bl_e_f ^moh\ [ueZ \ wlhl fhf_gl gZb[he__ g_e_iuf b qm`ûf klj_fe_gb_fY [uelZdbf khggufqlh g_fh] ^Z`_^mfZlv beb jZa]h\Zjb\Zlv kkh[hcY aZkgme <g_aZigh y[ue jZa[m`_g]jhfdbf lj_kdhfDZaZehkvqlh rmfq_f [uhg gb[uejZa^Zeky dZdjZa gZ^fhbf e_\ufmohf lZd dZd y e_`Ze gZ ijZ\hf [hdmY k_ekh\_jr_ggh ijhkgm\rbkvFh_ e_\h_moh ]m^_ehb [uehh]emr_gh [ebahklvx b kbehca\mdZ Y^he`gh [ulvkiZe lhevdhdhjhldh_ \j_fykm^y ih dhebq_kl\m kmobo\_lhddhlhju_ \k__s_ ]hj_eb\ dhklj_Y g_ keurZegbdZdbo ^jm]bormfh\gh hklZ\ZekygZklhjh`_gguf b ih^^_j`b\Ze h]hgv < fh_f mf_ ijhf_evdgmeZfukevqlh\hafh`ghf_gy jZa[m^be ^Zevgbc\uklj_e\hafh`ghdlhlh jy^hfke_^be aZ fghc b\uklj_ebe \f_gyWlZ fukevklZeZ hq_gvfmqbl_evghc b \ua\ZeZ ihlhd jZpbhgZevguo kljZoh\Y [ue m\_j_gqlh dZdb_lh ex^b\eZ^_eb wlhca_fe_cb_keb wlh[ueh lZdhgb fh]eb ijbgylvf_gy aZ\hjZ bm[blv f_gybeb hgbfh]eb m[blv f_gyqlh[u h]jZ[blvg_ agZyqlh mf_gy g_l gbq_]hY i_j_`b\Ze fhf_glm`Zkgh]h [_kihdhckl\ZaZ k\hx[_ahiZkghklv Y ihqm\kl\h\ZegZijy`_gb_ \k\hbo ie_qZob r__Y ih^\b]Ze ]heh\hc \\_job \gbadhklb fh_cr_b ijhba\h^beblj_kdZxsbc a\mdY \k_ _s_ kfhlj_e \h]hgvgh g_ \b^_e gbq_]h g_h[uqgh]h \g_f bg_ keurZe[hevr_ gbdZdbormfh\ Ihke_ lh]hdZd yg_fgh]h jZkkeZ[bekyfg_ ijbreh gZ mfqlh\hafh`ghijbqbghc \k_]h[ue ^hgOmZgY [ukljh klZe m[_`^_gqlh wlhlZd b[uehWlZ fukevaZklZ\beZ f_gy jZkkf_ylvkyM f_gy\hagbd gh\ucihlhd jZpbhgZevguo fuke_c aZdexq_gbcgZ wlhljZa \_k_euoY ih^mfZeqlh ^hg OmZg ^he`gh [ulv ih^haj_\Zeqlh yfh] i_j_^mfZlv hlghkbl_evgh lh]hqlh[u hklZlvky\ ]hjZobeb hg^he`gh [ulv\b^_e qlh y[_]Ze ke_^hfaZ gbfb kijylZeky\ kdjulhci_s_j_ beb aZ dmklhfAZl_f hgihke_^h\Ze aZfghc baZf_lb\qlh y aZkgmejZa[m^be f_gy lj_kdhf\_ldb hdheh fh_]h moZY ^h[Z\be _s_\_lhd \h]hgv bgZqZe hkfZljb\Zlvky\hdjm] dZd [u kemqZcgh b g_aZf_lghqlh[u m\b^_lvg_ fh]m eb y aZf_lblv _]h^Z`_ ohlyy agZeqlh_keb hg kdju\Zeky ih[ebahklby g_kfh] [uh[gZjm`blv _]h <k_ [ueh kh\_jr_ggh kihdhcghk\_jqdb\_l_j h[t_a`Zxsbc ^_j_\vy gZ kdehgZoohefh\hdjm`Zxsbo f_gy lbobcihlj_kdb\Zxsbc a\md\_lhdho\Zq_gguo h]g_fBkdju e_l_eb \hdjm]gh wlh[ueb lhevdhh[uqgu_ bkdju <g_aZigh y mkeurZe ]jhfdbcrmf hl \_ldbkehfZgghc ihiheZfA\md bkoh^beke_\Z hlf_gyY aZlZbeûoZgb_lZd dZd y kemrZe kij_^_evguf \gbfZgb_fF]gh\_gb_ kimkly y mkeurZe lj_kd^jm]hc \_ldbkijZ\Z hlf_gy AZl_f ymkeurZe keZ[uchl^Ze_gguc a\mdehfZ_fuo \_lhd dZd [m^lh dlhlh rZ]Ze ihgbf b ehfZe boA\mdb [ueb h[bevgu_ bihegu_hgb [uebhlq_leb\u_Hgb lZd`_dZaZehkv ijb[eb`Zebkv dhfg_M f_gy[ueZ hq_gvaZf_ê_ggZy j_Zdpby b yg_ agZekemrZlv ebfg_ beb\klZ\ZlvY h[^mfu\Zeqlh ^_eZlvdh]^Z \g_aZigha\mdb ehfZxsboky\_lhd klZeb \_a^_ \hdjm] f_gyY [ueih]ehs_g bfblZd [ukljhqlh _^\Z mki_e \kdhqblv gZgh]b baZdb^Zlv dhkl_j Y ih[_`Ze \gba ih kdehgm \ l_fghlm< fh_f mf_ ijhf_evdgmeZ fukevdh]^Z y[_`Ze kd\havdmkluqlh lZf g_ [ueh jh\gh]hf_klZY [_`Zeb iulZekyij_^hojZgblv fhb]eZaZ hl \_lhdY ijh[_`Zeiheimlb \gbad ih^gh`vxohefZdh]^Z ihqm\kl\h\Ze qlhlh ihaZ^bf_gyqlh ihqlbdZkZehkv f_gy Wlh [ueZ g_ \_ldZwlh [ueh qlhlhqlh y bglmblb\gh qm\kl\h\Ze b qlh^h]hgyeh f_gyHkhagZgb_ wlh]h aZklZ\beh f_gy ihoheh^_lvY kdbgmek\hx dmjldmkdZlZe __\ ma_e d `b\hlmih^`Ze gh]bb aZdjue]eZaZ jmdZfbdZd ij_îbku\Ze ^hg OmZgY aZf_j\ wlhfiheh`_gbb gZdhjhldh_ \j_fydh]^Z ihgyeqlh \k_\hdjm] f_gy[ueh [_a`bag_gghlbohG_ [ueh gbdZdbo a\mdh\Y qj_a\uqZcgh\klj_\h`bekyFmkdmeu fh_]h `b\hlZ khdjZsZebkv b^jh`Zeb \km^hjh]ZoAZl_f y mkeurZe ^jm]hc lj_kgm\rbca\mdHgdZaZehkvijbr_e ba^Ze_dZgh hg [ue kh\_jr_ggh ykguf bhlq_leb\ufHg kemqbeky _s_ jZa [eb`_ dh fg_GZklmibe fhf_gl lbrbguZ aZl_f qlhlh \ahj\Zehkv dZd jZagZ^ fh_c]heh\hcG_h`b^Zgghklv wlh]h rmfZ aZklZ\beZ f_gy g_\hevgh \a^jh]gmlvb y ihqlb hijhdbgmeky gZ kibgmWlh [ue hij_^_e_ggh a\md \_ldb kehfZgghc ihiheZfA\md jZa^ZekylZd [ebadhqlh y keurZe r_e_kl ebklv_\gZ \_ld_dh]^Z hgZehiZeZkv AZl_f ihke_^h\Ze ]jZ^ ehfZxsboky \aju\h\\_ldb ehiZebkv k[hevrhc kbehc\_a^_ \hdjm]f_gy< wlhlfhf_gl m f_gy [ueZ g_khhl\_lkl\mxsZyj_Zdpby gZwlh g_h[udgh\_ggh_ y\e_gb_\f_klh lh]hqlh[u m`Zkgmlvkyy aZkf_yekyY bkdj_gg_ ih^mfZeqlh ygZr_e ijbqbgmijhbkoh^ys_]hY [ue m[_`^_gqlh ^hgOmZg kgh\Zrmlbe gZ^hfghcJy^ eh]bq_kdbo aZdexq_gbc aZdj_ibe fhx m\_j_gghklvy ihqm\kl\h\Ze ijbih^gylh_ gZkljh_gb_Y [uem\_j_gqlh y fh] ko\Zlblv wlh]h obljh]hklZjh]h ^hgZOmZgZ \ke_^mxs_c _]h obljhklb Hg [ue hdhehf_gyehfZy \_ldbb agZeqlh yg_ hl\Z`mkv ih^gylv ]eZaZhg [ue\ [_ahiZkghklbb [ue\he_g ^_eZlvlh qlh hgohl_e Y ij_^klZ\bek_[_qlh hg[ue h^bg\ ]hjZolZd dZd y [ue k gbf ihklhyggh g_kdhevdh^g_cM g_]h g_ [ueh gb \j_f_gbgb \hafh`ghklb\h\e_qv dZdbogb[m^v khljm^gbdh\ ?keb hg ijylZekydZd y ^mfZehg ijylZeky h^bgb eh]bq_kdbhg fh]ijhba\h^blv lhevdhh]jZgbq_ggh_ dhebq_kl\h rmfh\LZd dZdhg [ueh^bgrmfu ^he`gu[ueb ijhbkoh^blv \ ebg_cghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb\h \j_f_gblh _klvh^gh\j_f_ggh h^bgbebkZfh_ [hevr__^\Z bebljb h^gh\j_f_gghDjhf_ lh]hjZaghh[jZab_ rmfh\lZd`_ ^he`gh[ueh [ulv h]jZgbq_gh f_oZgbdhc h^gh]hq_eh\_dZY [ueZ[khexlgh m\_j_glZd dZdy hklZ\Zeky ijb`Zluf da_fe_ bkihdhcgufqlh \k_ bkiulZgb_ [ueh b]jhc bqlh _^bgkl\_gguckihkh[ \uclbih[_^bl_e_f ba wlh]h wfhpbhgZevgh m^Zeblvk_[y bawlh]hY iheh`bl_evgh gZkeZ`^Zeky wlbfY ihcfZek_[y gZlhfqlh jZ^h\Zekyfukeb qlh yfh] ij_^\b^_lvke_^mxs__ ^\b`_gb_fh_]h ijhlb\gbdZY klZjZeky ij_^klZ\blv k_[_qlh [uke_^mxs__ k^_eZe y gZ f_kl_ ^hgZOmZgZ A\md q_]hlh qfhdZxs_]h \uljyogme f_gy ba fh_]h f_glZevgh]h mijZ`g_gbyY gZijy`_ggh ijbkemrZekya\md ih\lhjyeky kgh\Z b kgh\Zy g_fh] hij_^_eblvqlh wlh lZdh_Hg a\mqZedZd [m^lhdZdh_lh `b\hlgh_oexiZeh \h^m Hg jZa^Zeky kgh\Z hq_gv[ebadhWlhl jZa^jZ`Zxsbc a\md gZihfbgZe fg_ oexiZxsbca\md bahjlZ xghc^_\mrdb`mxs_c j_abgdmY [uem^b\e_gdZd ^hgOmZg fh]ijhba\h^blv lZdhc a\mddh]^Z a\mdih\lhjbeky kgh\Zijb^y kijZ\ZKgZqZeZ [ue _^bgkl\_gguc a\mdZ aZl_f y mkeurZe jy^ oexiZxsbo re_iZxsbo a\mdh\dZd [m^lhdlhlh oh^beih ]jyabRmfu ij_djZlbebkv gZ fhf_glZ aZl_fjZa^Zebkv _s_ jZa hq_gv [ebadh ke_\Z\hafh`ghlhevdh \^_kylb nmlZohl f_gyWlh [ue ihqlbhsmsZ_fucjZa^jZ`Zxsbc a\mdrZ]h\re_iZxsbo ih ]em[hdhc ]jyabL_i_jv a\md[ue lZdhcdZd [m^lh dlhlh ly`_euc [_]Zejukvx \kZih]Zo ih]jyabY m^b\beky[h]Zlkl\m a\mdh\Y g_fh] ij_^klZ\blvk_[_ dZdh]heb[h ijbfblb\gh]h bah[j_l_gbydhlhjh_ y kZf fh] [u bkihevah\Zlvqlh[u ijhba\h^blv lZdhc a\mdY mkeurZe gh\uc jy^ [_]Zxsbo oexiZxsbo a\mdh\m k_[yaZ kibghcZ aZl_fhgb jZa^Zebkv\k_ kjZamkh \k_o klhjhgDlhlhdZaZehkvoh^be[_]Ze ghkbeky ih]jyab \hdjm]f_gy Eh]bq_kdh_ khfg_gb_ ijbreh fg_gZ mf?keb \k_ wlh ijhba\h^be ^hg OmZghg ^he`_g [ue [_]Zlv djm]Zfb k g_\_jhylghc kdhjhklvx;ukljhlZ a\mdh\ ^_eZeZ wlm Zevl_jgZlb\m g_\hafh`ghcLh]^Z yih^mfZeqlh ^hg OmZg ^he`_g [uebf_lv khh[sgbdh\\ dhgp_dhgph\Y ohl_e\u\_klb ij_îheh`_gb_d_f fh]eb[ulv _]hkhh[sgbdbgh bgl_gkb \ghklv a\mdh\aZo\ZlbeZ \k_fh_ \gbfZgb_< ^_ckl\bl_evgh klby g_ fh]^mfZlv ykghh^gZdhy g_[ue bkim]Zgy \hafh`gh[ue lhevdhhr_ehfe_g g_h[uqgufk\hckl\hf a\mdh\ OexiZgvy ^_ckl\bl_evgh\b[jbjh\ZebNZdlbq_kdbbo kljZggu_ \b[jZpbbdZaZehkv[ueb gZijZ\e_gu \ fhc `b\hlbeb \hafh`ghy \hkijbgbfZebo \b[jZpbbgb`g_c qZklvx k\h_]h `b\hlZ Wlh hkhagZgb_ ih\e_deh aZkh[hc g_f_ê_ggmx ihl_jx fh_]h qm\kl\Zh[t_dlb\ghklb bjZ\gh^mrbyA\mdb gZiZ^ZebgZ fhc `b\hlM f_gy\hagbd \hijhkqlh_keb wlh g_ ^hg OmZg"bkim]Zeky yY gZijy]fmkdmeu `b\hlZ b iehlgh ih^h]gme [_^jZd maemfh_c dmjldb A\mdb \hajhkeb ih qbkemb kdhjhklbdZd [m^lh hgb agZebqlh y ihl_jyek\hx m\_j_gghklvbo \b[jZpbb [ueb lZdbfb bgl_gkb\gufbqlh f_gylhrgbehY [hjhekyk qm\kl\hf lhrghluY i_j_\_e^mo bgZqZe i_lvfhb i_chlgu_i_kgbF_gy klhrgbehb oexiZxsb_a\mdb kjZam`_ ij_djZlbebkva\mdb k\_jqdh\\_ljZ b^Zevgbc eZcdhchlh\ gZeh`bebkv gZ \k_ <g_aZiguc i_j_ju\iha\hebe fg_i_j_^hogmlvb yijb]ey^_eky d k_[_Lhevdh g_aZ^he]h ^h wlh]h y [ue \ emqr_f jZkiheh`_gbb ^moZkZfhgZ^_ygguc b\ klhjhg_hq_\b^ghy ihl_ji_e `Zedmxg_m^Zqm \hp_gd_ kblmZpbb>Z`_ _kebm ^hgZ OmZgZ [ueb khh[sgbdbêy gbo[ueh f_oZgbq_kdb g_\hafh`gh ijhba\_klb a\mdbdhlhju_ \ha^_ckl\h\ZebgZ fhc`b\hlQlh[u ijhba\h^blv a\mdblZdhc bgl_gkb\ghklbbf [ueh[u g_h[oh^bfh ijbkihkh[e_gb_ aZ ij_^_eZfb bokj_^kl\ b bo ihgbfZgby Hq_\b^ghg_h[udgh\_ggh_ y\e_gb_dhlhjh_ yi_j_`b\Zeg_ [ueh b]jhcb _s_ h^ghcrmldhc ^hgZOmZgZwlZ l_hjby[ueZ lhevdh fhbfijbfblb\guf h[tykg_gb_f M f_gy[ueb km^hjh]bb g_h^hebfh_`_eZgb_ hijhdbgmlvky b ijhlygmlv gh]bY j_rbei_j_^\bgmlvky \ijZ\h êy lh]h qlh[u hl\_jgmlvky hlf_klZ]^_ f_gy klhrgbehF]gh\_gb_ kimklydh]^Z ygZqZe ihealby mkeurZehq_gv fy]dbc kdjbi ijyfh gZ^ fhbf e_\uf mohfY aZklue gZ f_kl_Kdjbi ih\lhjbeky k ^jm]hc klhjhgu fh_c ]heh\uWlh [ue _^bgkl\_gguc a\mdY ih^mfZeqlh hgihoh^be gZkdjbi ^\_jb Y `^Zegh g_ keurZe [hevr_ gbq_]hihwlhfm y j_rbe ^\bgmlvky kgh\ZDZd lhevdhy gZqZei_j_^\b]Zlv hklhjh`gh k\hx ]heh\m \ijZ\hy ihqlb ihîju]gmeIhlhd kdjbih\ ih]ehlbe f_gykjZamHgb [uebih^h[gu bgh]^Zkdjbim ^\_j_c Z \ ^jm]hcjZa ihoh^bebgZ ibkdbdjuk bebfhjkdbo k\bghd Hgb g_[ueb ]jhfdbfbbeb kbevgufbgh [uebhq_gv fy]dbfb b ih^djZû\Zxsbfbky b\uau\Zeb fmqbl_evgu_kiZafu lhrghlu \h fg_Hgb ij_djZlbebkvdZd bgZqZebkvm[u\Zy ihkl_i_ggh ihdZ y g_ fh] keurZlv lhevdh h^bg beb ^\Z ba gbo h^gh\j_f_ggh AZl_f ymkeurZe qlhlh ih^h[gh_djuevyf [hevrhcilbpu ijhg_kr_cky gZ^ \_jomrdZfbdmklh\HghdZaZehkve_lZeh djm]Zfb gZ^ fh_c]heh\hcFy]db_ kdjbiugZqZeb \hajZklZlv kgh\Zb lZd `_ \hajZklZehoehiZgv_ djuev_\GZ^ fh_c ]heh\hcdZaZehkv[ueh qlhlhih^h[gh_ klZ_ ]b]Zglkdbo ilbpfZoZ\rbo k\hbfbfy]dbfb djuevyfbH[Z a\mdZ kebebkv ijhba\h^y ho\Zlu\Zxsmx \hegm\hdjm] f_gyY ihqm\kl\h\Ze qlh ieZ\Ze\a\_r_gguc \h]jhfghc \heghh[jZaghc imevkZpbb Kdjbiu b oehiZgv_ [ueb lZdbfb ieZ\gufbqlh y fh] qm\kl\h\Zlv bo \k_f l_ehfOehiZgv_ djuev_\ klZb ilbp dZaZehkvih^ly]b\Zeh f_gy \\_jo\ lh\j_fydZd ibkdb djukdZaZehkvlhedZeb f_gykgbam b\hdjm] fh_]hl_eZ Y m`_ g_khfg_\Zekyqlh[eZ]h^Zjy k\h_c g_mf_klghc ]emihklby kimklbe kijb\yab qlhlh m`Zkgh_gZ k_[yY klbkgme am[ub]em[hdh \a^hogm\aZi_e i_chlgu_i_kgb A\mdb ijh^he`Zebkv hq_gv^he]h_ \j_fyb y khijhlb \eyeky bf kh \k_ck\h_c kbehcDh]^Z hgb mfhedebkgh\Z gZklmibeZ lbrbgZlZdZydZdhc y ijb\ud \hkijbgbfZlv lbrbgmlh _klvy fh]h[gZjm`blv lhevdh_kl_kl\_ggu_ a\mdb gZk_dhfuo b \_ljZWlh \j_fylbrbgu [uehêy f_gy [he__ \j_^gufq_f \j_fyrmfh\Y gZqZe^mfZlv b hp_gb\Zlv fh_ iheh`_gb_b fh_h[^mfu\Zgb_ [jhkbehf_gy \iZgbdmY agZe qlh y ih]b[m f_gyg_ [uehgb agZgbygb \ughkeb\hklb qlh[u hljZablvlhqlh ijbklZ\Zehdh fg_Y [ue kh\_jr_ggh [_kihfhs_gijbiZ\ da_fe_ gZ^k\h_c kh[kl\_gghcj\hlhcY ih^mfZeqlh ijbr_edhg_p fh_c`bagbb aZieZdZeY ohl_e ih^mfZlv hk\h_c `bagbgh g_agZek q_]hgZqZlvGbqlh ba lh]hqlh y^_eZe \k\h_c `bagbg_ [ueh\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb ^hklhcgh wlh]hihke_^g_]h dhg_qgh]h\ujZ`_gbyihwlhfm fg_ g_ hq_f [ueh^mfZlvWlh [uehhkljh_ hkhagZgb_Y baf_gbeky k l_o ihjdZd ihke_^gbcjZa i_j_`b\Zeih^h[guc bkim]GZ wlhl jZa y[ue [he__imklhcY bf_ef_gvr_ ebqguo qm\kl\ qlh[u mg_klbk kh[hc Y kijhkbe k_[yqlh k^_eZe [u \hbg \ ih^h[ghf iheh`_gbbb ijbr_e d jZaebqguf aZdexq_gbyfQlhlh qj_a\uqZcgh \Z`gh_ [ueh \hdjm]fh_c imihqghc h[eZklb\ a\mdZo [uehqlhlh k\_jo_kl_kl\_ggh_hgb [uebgZp_e_gu gZ fhc `b\hlb fukevqlh ^hgOmZg h[fZgu\Ze f_gy[ueZ kh\_jr_ggh g_khklhyl_evgZ Fmkdmeu fh_]h`b\hlZ [uebhq_gv gZijy`_guohly mf_gy g_ [ueh[hevr_ gbdZdbokm^hjh]Y ijh^he`Zei_lv b ]em[hdh ûrZlvb ihqm\kl\h\ZemkihdZb\Zxs__ l_iehaZihegyxs__ \k_ fh_ l_ehFg_ klZehykghqlh_keb ykh[bjZxkv \u`blvy ^he`_g ijh^he`Zlv lZddZd f_gymqbe ^hgOmZgY ih\lhjbe _]h bgkljmdpbb \ mf_Y ihfgbelhqgmx lhqdm]^_ khegp_ kdjuehkv aZ ]hjZfb \hlghr_gbb dohefm]^_ y [ueb d f_klm]^_ ymiZe gZa_fexY i_j_hjb_glbjh\Zekybdh]^Z y m[_^bekyqlh fhyhp_gdZ hkgh\guolhq_d [ueZ ijZ\bevghc gZqZe f_gylv k\h_iheh`_gb_qlh[u fhy]heh\Z mdZau\ZeZ \ gh\hfemqr_fgZijZ\e_gbbgZ x]h\hklhdY f_ê_gghgZqZe i_j_^\b]Zlv k\hb gh]b \e_\h^xcf aZ^xcfhfihdZ y g_ ih^h]gme bo \bdjZfAZl_f ygZqZe \ujZ\gb\Zlv k\h_ l_eh gh]Zfbgh dZdlhevdh ygZqZe i_j_iheaZlv]hjbahglZevghy ihqm\kl\h\Ze g_h[uqguc lheqhdm f_gy [ueh ^_ckl\bl_evgh nbabq_kdh_ hsms_gb_ dZdh]hlh ijbdhkgh\_gby d g_aZdjulhc ih\_joghklb aZ^g_c klhjhgu fh_cr_bWlh kemqbehkv lZd [ukljhqlh yg_\hevgh \kdjbdgmeb kgh\ZaZf_jY gZijy] fmkdmeu fh_]h `b\hlZb gZqZe]em[hdh ûrZlvb aZi_e fhb i_chlgu_ i_kgbF]gh\_gb_ kimklyy _s_ jZa ihqm\kl\h\Ze lZdhc `_ e_]dbcm^Zj ihk\h_c r__Y kt_`bekyFhy r_y g_ [ueZ aZdjulZb yg_ fh]gbq_]h k^_eZlvqlh[u aZsblblv k_[yIh fg_kgh\Z ihklmqZebFh_c r_bdZkZeky hq_gvfy]dbc ihqlb r_edh\bklucij_^f_lih^h[gh f_oh\hceZid_ ]jhfZ^gh]h djhebdZHg dhkgmekyf_gy kgh\ZZ aZl_fhg gZqZei_j_k_dZlv fhx r_x\aZ^ b\i_j_^ ^hl_o ihjihdZ mf_gy g_ \uklmibeb ke_auWlh [uehlZddZd [m^lhklZ^h fheqZeb\uofy]dbo g_\_khfuo d_g]mjmklmiZeb gh]Zfbih fh_cr__Y fh] magZlv fy]dbc [hevrhciZe_p boeZidh]^Z hgbg_`gh klmiZebih fg_ Wlh \h\k_g_ [ueh[he_ag_gguf hsms_gb_fghl_f g_ f_g__ wlh jZa^jZ`ZehY agZeqlh_keb yg_ aZcfmkvdZdbfgb[m^v ^_ehfy khc^mk mfZ\kdhqm bih[_]mIhwlhfm y f_ê_ggh gZqZe kgh\ZfZg_\jbjh\Zlv k\hbfl_ehf \gh\h_ iheh`_gb_Fhy ihiuldZ ^\bgmlvkydZaZehkvmkbebeZ ihoehiu\Zgb_ih fh_c r__HghgZdhg_p^hklb]eh lZdh]h[_r_gkl\Zqlh y^_jgmeky \k_f k\hbfl_ehf bkjZam \ujh\gye_]h \gh\hf gZijZ\e_gbbM f_gy g_ [uehgbdZdhc fukebhlghkbl_evgh j_amevlZlZ fh_]h ^_ckl\byY ijhklh^_ckl\h\Zeqlh[u aZsblblvkyhl ihegh]h [mcgh]h kmfZkr_kl\by DZd lhevdhy baf_gbegZijZ\e_gb_ihoehiu\Zgb_ ihfh_c r__ ij_djZlbehkvIhke_ ^he]hcfmqbl_evghc iZmauy mkeurZe ehfZxsb_ky \ hl^Ze_gbb\_ldbRmf g_ijb[eb`ZekyHg dZd [m^lh hlklmiZe \ ^jm]h_iheh`_gb_ ^Ze_dh hl f_gyA\md lj_kdZ\rboky \_lhd q_j_a f]gh\_gb_ kebeky kh a\mdhf khj\Zgguor_e_kl_\rbo ebklv_\dZd [m^lh kbevguc \_l_j ijhg_kky ih \k_fmohefm<k_ dmklu\hdjm] f_gydZaZehkv aZlj_i_lZebh^gZdh\_ljZ g_[uehR_e_klysbc a\mdb lj_kd \_lhd \ua\Ze\h fg_qm\kl\hqlh \_kvohef [ue\ h]g_Fh_ l_eh [ueh l\_jûfdZd dZf_gvY kbevgh\kihl_eY gZqZe qm\kl\h\Zlv k_[y \k_l_ie__ bl_ie__< wlhlfhf_gl y [ue kh\_jr_ggh m[_`^_gqlh ohef ]hj_eY g_ \kdhqbe b g_ ih[_`Zeihlhfm qlhy lZdhp_i_g_eqlh [ue iZjZebah\Zg nZdlbq_kdby g_ fh]^Z`_ hldjulv]eZaZ<k_qlh bf_eh agZq_gb_ êyf_gy \wlhl fhf_glwlh \kdhqblvb m[_`Zlv hl h]gyM f_gy\ `b\hl_[ueb m`Zkgu_kiZafudhlhju_ gZqZeb hlj_aZlv fg_ ih]ehs_gb_ \ha^moZFg_ klZeh hq_gv ljm^gh ûrZlvIhke_ ^he]hc[hjv[u y[ue kihkh[_g kgh\Z ]em[hdh ûrZlv b fh]lZd`_ aZf_lblvqlh r_e_klmlbo[ue lhevdh \j_fy hl\j_f_gb ihlj_kdb\Zxsbca\mdA\md ehfZxsboky\_lhd klZgh\beky \k_ [he__b [he__hl^Ze_gguf b kihjZ^bq_kdbf ihdZ kh\_js_gghg_ ij_djZlbeky Y fh] hldjulv]eZaZY ihkfhlj_ekd\hav ihemhldjulu_ \_db gZa_fex i_j_^kh[hc;ue m`_jZkk\_lY ^he]h_ \j_fy `^Zeg_ ^\b]ZykvZ aZl_fgZqZe \uly]b\Zlvk\h_ l_ehY i_j_dZlbeky gZkibgmGZ \hklhd_gZ^ ohefZfb[ueh khegp_M f_gy aZgyehqZku \uijyfblvgh]b bihlZsblvky \gbaih kdehgm Y ihr_e df_klm]^_ ^hgOmZg ihdbgmef_gydhlhjh_ [ueh \hafh`ghlhevdh \fbe_d ihem^gxy [uelhevdh gZ himrd_ e_kZ\k_ _s_\ ^h[jhcq_l\_jlb fbebhl g_]h Y g_fh] [hevr_b^lbgh g_ih dZdhcgb[m^v ijbqbg_Y ih^mfZe h]hjguo ev\Zob ihiulZeky\ah[jZlvky gZ^_j_\hgh fhb jmdbg_ fh]ebm^_j`Zlv fhc\_kY ijbkehgbekyd kdZe_b ijbfbjbeky kfukevx mf_j_lva^_kvY [uem[_`^_gqlh klZgm ibs_c êy]hjguo ev\h\beb ^jm]boobsgbdh\M f_gyg_ [ueh kbeu ^Z`_[jhkblv dZf_gvY g_[ue ]heh^_gb g_ohl_e iblv Hdheh ihem^gyy gZr_efZe_gvdbc jmq__db \uibefgh]h \hû gh \h^Z g_ihfh]eZ fg_\hkklZgh\blv kbeuLZd dZdy kb^_e lZf \ kh\_jr_gghc[_kihfhsghklby qm\kl\h\Zek_[y [hevr_ ih^Z\e_ggufq_f bkim]ZggufY [uelZdbf mklZ\rbfqlh g_ aZ[hlbeky hk\h_c km^v[_b aZkgme Y ijhkgmeky hldZdhclh \kljykdb>hg OmZg kdehgbeky gZ^h fghcHg ihfh]fg_ k_klvb ^Zefg_ \hûb `b^dhcdZrb Hg aZkf_yeky bkdZaZeqlh y`Zedh \u]ey^_eY ihiulZeky jZkkdZaZlv _fmh lhfqlh kemqbehkvgh hgg_ klZekemrZlv b kdZaZeqlh y g_ aZf_lbek\hx hlf_ldm f_klh]^_ y ij_îheZ]Ze \klj_lblvkyk gbf[ueh \khlg_ yj^h\\ klhjhg_ AZl_f hgihqlb ihg_kf_gy \gbaHg kdZaZeqlh hg\_e f_gyd [hevrhfm ihlhdmb kh[bjZekybkdmiZlv f_gy\ g_fIh imlbhg aZldgme fg_ mrbdZdbfblh ebklvyfbdhlhju_ [uebm g_]h \ kmfd_Z aZl_faZ\yaZe fg_]eZaZgZeh`b\ ihh^ghfm ebklmgZ dZ`ûc ]eZa bijbfhlZ\ badmkdhf ldZgbHg aZklZ\be f_gy kgylv h^_`^mb \_e_efg_ iheh`blvjmdb gZ]eZaZ bmrbqlh[u [ulv m\_j_ggufqlh yg_ fh]\b^_lv bkeurZlv gbq_]h >hg OmZggZl_j fh_l_eh ebklvyfbZ aZl_fk[jhkbe f_gy \ j_dmY ihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh wlh[ueZ [hevrZy j_dZ;ueh ]em[hdhY klhyeb g_fh] ^hklZlv^gZ>hg OmZg^_j`Ze f_gy aZ ijZ\ucehdhlvKgZqZeZ yg_ ihqm\kl\h\Zeoheh^Z \hûgh fZehihfZem y gZqZe aZklu\ZlvZ aZl_f oheh^ klZe g_kl_jibfuf>hg OmZg \ulZsbe f_gy b h[l_j dZdbfblh ebklvyfbdhlhju_ bf_ebki_pbnbq_kdbc aZiZoHg h^_ef_gy b ih\_e ijhqvfu ijhreb[hevrh_ jZkklhygb_ij_`^_q_f hg kgye ebklvy kfhbo ]eZab bafhbo mr_c>hg OmZg kijhkbe f_gyqm\kl\mx eby k_[y^hklZlhqgh kbevgufqlh[u \_jgmlvky d k\h_cfZrbg_;ueZ kljZggZy\_svy qm\kl\h\Zek_[y hq_gv kbevgufY ^Z`_\a[_`Ze gZdjmlhc ohefqlh[u m^hklh\_jblvky \ wlhf Ih imlbd k\h_cfZrbg_ ygZoh^beky hq_gv[ebadh d^hgm OmZgmY kihludZekyfgh`_kl\h jZaZ hgkf_yekyY aZf_lbe qlh _]hkf_o [uehkh[_ggh mdj_ieyxsbfb hgklZe p_gljZevghc lhqdhc fh_]h ihiheg_gbykbeuq_f [hevr_hg kf_yekyl_f emqr_ yk_[y qm\kl\h\Ze GZ ke_^mxsbc ^_gvy jZkkdZaZe^hgm OmZgm ihke_^h\Z l_evghklv kh[ulbc kh \j_f_gbdh]^Z hghklZ\be f_gyHg kf_yeky \k_ \j_fy ijb fh_f hlq_l_hkh[_ggh dh]^Z y jZkkdZaZe _fmqlh y ^mfZeqlh wlh [ueZ h^gZ ba _]h obljhkl_c Lu \k_]^Z^mfZ_rvqlh gZ^lh[hc rmlylkdZaZe hg lu \_jbrvk_[_ kebrdhffgh]hLu ^_ckl\m_rvlZddZd [m^lh lu agZ_rv \k_hl\_luLu g_agZ_rv gbq_]hfhc fZe_gvdbc ^jm]gbq_]h < i_j\ucjZa ^hgOmZg gZa\Zef_gy fZe_gvdbf ^jm]hf Wlh aZo\Zlbehf_gy \jZkiehoHg aZf_lbewlh bmeu[gmeky< _]h ]hehk_ [ueZ h]jhfgZyl_iehlZb wlh aZklZ\beh f_gy kbevgh hi_qZeblvkyY kdZaZe_fmqlh y[ue [_aaZ[hlguf b g_kihkh[guf ihlhfmqlh wlh[ueZ \jh`^_ggZykdehgghklv fh_c ebqghklbb qlhy gbdh]^Zg_ ihcfm_]h fbjZY qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y ]em[hdh\a\hegh\ZggufHg [uehq_gv h[h^j_gb aZy\be qlh yk^_eZe ohjhrh Y kijhkbe_]h hagZq_gbb fh_]hi_j_`b\Zgby Wlh g_bf_eh agZq_gbyhl\_lbe hglZ `_ kZfZy \_sv fh]eZkemqblvky kdZ`ûfhkh[_ggh kih^h[guf l_[_dlh bf__l k\hc ijhk\_lm`_ hldjulufWlh hq_gv h[uqghEx[hc \hbgdhlhjuc hlijZ\ey_lkygZ ihbkdbheebjZkkdZ`_l l_[_h[ bo ^_ckl\byoLhqlh hgb^_eZeb k lh[hc[ueh fy]dbf H^gZdhl\hc ijhk\_lhldjulb \hlihq_fm lulZdhc g_j\guc Gbdlh g_fh`_l ij_\jZlblvky\ \hbgZkjZamL_i_jv lu^he`_g hlijZ\eylvky ^hfhc bg_ \ha\jZsZlvky^h l_oihjihdZ g_ bae_qbrvky bihdZ l\hcijhk\_l g_aZdjh_lky =eZ\Z k_ fg Z^ pZ lZ y Y g_ \ha\jZsZeky \ F_dkbdm g_kdhevdh f_kyp_\y bkihevah\Ze wlh\j_fyqlh[u jZ[hlZlvgZ^ k\hbfbaZibkyfbb \i_j\u_ aZe_lk l_oihjdZd gZqZemq_gbq_kl\hmq_gb_ ^hgZ OmZgZgZqZeh ijbh[j_lZlvj_Zevguc kfukeY qm\kl\h\Ze qlh ^he]b_ i_jbhû\j_f_gbdh]^Z y^he`_g [ue hklZ\Zlvky \^Ze_d_ hl mq_gbq_kl\Zijhba\h^beb hq_gv hlj_a\eyxs__ b [eZ]hl\hjgh_ ^_ckl\b_ gZ f_gyhgb ij_^hklZ\eyeb fg_ \hafh`ghklv ijh\_jblv k\_^_gby b jZkiheh`blv bo \ bgl_ee_dlmZevghf ihjy^d_k\hckl\_gghf fh_fm\hkiblZgbx b bgl_j_kmH^gZdhkh[ulbydhlhju_ bf_eb f_klh \ fhc ihke_^gbc \bablgZ ihe_^_ckl\bymdZau\Zeb gZ hrb[hqghklv fh_]h hilbfbafZih hlghr_gbxd ihgbfZgbxagZgby ^hgZOmZgZ Y k^_eZeihke_^gxx aZibkv\ k\hboaZf_ldZo hdly[jy ]h^ZKh[ulbydhlhju_ bf_ebf_klh \ wlhf kemqZ_ hlf_lbeb i_j_oh^guc i_jbh^Hgb g_ lhevdh aZdjueb pbde h[mq_gbygh hgb lZd`_hldjueb gh\uc pbdedhlhjuc lZd kbevgh hlebqZeky hl lh]hqlh y^_eZe ^hkbo ihjqlh y qm\kl\mxqlh wlhlhqdZ]^_ y^he`_g dhgqblvfhc j_ihjlZ` Dh]^Z y ijb[ebabekyd ^hfm^hgZ OmZgZy m\b^_e _]h kb^ys_f gZ _]h h[uqghf f_kl_ih^ jZfZ^Z ih^ ^\_jvxY ihklZ\be fZrbgm\ l_gb^_j_\Z\aye k\hcihjln_ev bq_fh^Zg k [ZdZe_cgufb lh\ZjZfbba fZrbgub ih^hr_ed g_fm]jhfdh iha^hjh\Z\rbkv kgbfAZl_f yaZf_lbeqlh hg[ue g_ h^bg IhaZ^b \ukhdhc dmqb ^jh\kb^_e ^jm]hc q_eh\_dHgb h[Z kfhlj_eb gZf_gy>hg OmZgihfZoZe fg_jmdhc blZd `_k^_eZe ^jm]hc q_eh\_dKm^y ih_]h gZjy^mhg g_[ue bg^_cp_fZ [ue f_dkbdZgp_f k x]haZiZ^ZHg [ueh^_ldZd e_\bk\ [_`_\mx jm[Zrdml_oZkkdmx dh\[hckdmxreyim b dh\[hckdb_ [hlbgdb Y aZ]h\hjbe k ^hghf OmZghf b aZl_f ihkfhlj_e gZ q_eh\_dZhg meu[Zeky fg_Y ijbklZevghkfhlj_e gZ g_]h g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy A^_kv fZe_gvdbcDZjehkkdZaZe q_eh\_d^hgm OmZgm B hgkh\k_f g_jZa]h\Zjb\Z_l khfghcG_ ]h\hjbfg_qlh hg k_j^blgZ f_gy Ij_`^_q_f y fh] kdZaZlv qlhgb[m^vhgb h[Z jZajZabebkv kf_ohfb lhevdhlh]^Z yihgyeqlh g_agZdhf_p [ue ^hgO_gZjh Lu g_magZe f_gy^Z"kijhkbe hg\k_ _s_kf_ykv Y ^he`_g [ue ijbagZlvkyqlh _]hgZjy^ k[be f_gy k lhedm Qlh lu ^_eZ_rv\ wlhcqZklb fbjZ^hg O_gZjh" kijhkbe y Hg ijb[uegZkeZ^blvky l_ieuf\ha^mohfkdZaZe ^hg OmZgg_ ijZ\^Zeb" <_jgh\lhjbe ^hgO_gZjhLu g_ ij_^klZ\ey_rv qlh fh`_lk^_eZlv l_ieuc\ha^mo êyl_eZ klZjh]h q_eh\_dZ ih^h[gh]h fg_ Y k_ef_`^m gbfb Qlh ^_eZ_lhg kl\hbf l_ehf"kijhkbe y L_ieuc \_l_j]h\hjbl qj_a\uqZcgu_\_sb fh_fml_em kdZaZe hg Hg ih\_jgmekyd ^hgmOmZgm b]eZaZ _]haZ[e_kl_eb G_ lZdeb" >hg OmZgdb\gme _fm]heh\hc ml\_j^bl_evgh Y kdZaZe bfqlh wlh\j_fy ]hjyqbo \_ljh\ kZglZZgZ [ueh om^r_c qZklvx]h^Z êyf_gy bihwlhfm hq_gv kljZggh qlh ^hgO_gZjh ijb_oZebkdZlv l_ieuc\_l_j\ lh\j_fy dZdy m[_]Ze hlg_]h DZjehk g_ i_j_ghkbl`ZjukdZaZe ^hg OmZg ^hgm O_gZjhdh]^Z gZklmiZ_l`ZjZhg klZgh\blkydZd j_[_ghd b aZûoZ_lky AZQlh" AZûoZ_lky Fhc [h]kdZaZe ^hg O_gZjhijbdbgm\rbkv h[_kihdh_ggufb k^_eZe `_kl hlqZygbydhlhjuc [ue g_hibkm_fh aZ[Z\guf AZl_f ^hgOmZg h[tykgbe_fmqlh f_gyg_ [uehg_kdhevdh f_kyp_\ baaZ g_m^Zqgh]hkemqZy kheeb BlZdlu gZdhg_pklhedgmeky kheebkdZaZe ^hg O_gZjh Y ^mfZx^ZkdZaZe yhklhjh`gh Hgb ]jhfdhjZkohohlZebkv>hg O_gZjh^\Z bebljb jZaZ ihoehiZe f_gy ih kibg_Wlh [ueh e_]dh_ ihoehiu\Zgb_ dhlhjh_ y \hkijbgyedZd ^jm`_kdh_\ujZ`_gb_ mqZklbyHg aZ^_j`Ze k\hx jmdmgZ fh_fie_q_ bihkfhlj_e gZf_gyb y ihqm\kl\h\Ze kihdhcgmx m^h\e_l\hj_gghklvdhlhjZy êbeZkv lhevdh fhf_glZ aZl_f^hg O_gZjhk^_eZe kh fghc qlhlh g_h[tykgbfh_Y \g_aZighihqm\kl\h\Zeqlh hgiheh`be \Zemg gZ fhx kibgmM f_gy[ueh hsms_gb_qlh hg m\_ebqbe \_k k\h_c jmdbdhlhjZy e_`ZeZgZ fh_fijZ\hf ie_q_lZdqlh hg aZklZ\be f_gykh]gmlvky \gbab m^Zjblvky]heh\hc ha_fex Fu ^he`gu ihfhqvDZjemr_kdZaZe ^hg O_gZjh b [jhkbe aZ]h\hjsbkdbc\a]ey^ gZ^hgZ OmZgZ Y kgh\Z \uijyfbekyb ih\_jgmekyd ^hgmOmZgmgh hg kfhlj_e \ klhjhgmM f_gy\hagbdeh dhe_[Zgb_ b ^hkZ^gZy fukevqlh ^hg OmZg \_ek_[y lZddZd [m^lh hg [ue \ klhjhg_hl^_evgh hlf_gy>hg O_gZjhkf_yekyhgdZaZehkv `^Ze fh_cj_Zdpbb Y ihijhkbe_]h iheh`blvk\hx jmdmgZ fh_ie_qh _s_jZa gh hgg_ ohl_e^_eZlv wlh]hY m[_`^Ze_]h ihdjZcg_c f_j_ h[tykgblv fg_qlh hg ^_eZe kh fghcHg ^h\hevgh ihkf_b\ZekyY kgh\Zih\_jgmeky d^hgm OmZgmb kdZaZe _fm qlh \_kjmdb ^hgZO_gZjh _^\Zg_ jZa^Z\bef_gy Y gbq_]hg_ agZxh[ wlhfkdZaZe ^hg OmZg kZfuf dhfbq_kdbf lhghfhg g_deZe k\hxjmdm gZfh_ ie_qh Lml hgbh[Z jZkohohlZebkv Qlh lu^_eZe khfghc^hg O_gZjh"kijhkbe y Y ijhklhiheh`be k\hxjmdm gZl\h_ ie_qhkdZaZe hg g_\bggh Iheh`b __kgh\ZkdZaZe y Hg hldZaZeky>hg OmZg\klmibe \wlhf f_kl_b ihijhkbe f_gy hibkZlv^hgm O_gZjhlhqlh yhsmsZe \fh_f ihke_^g_f i_j_`b\ZgbbY ih^mfZeqlh hgohl_eqlh[u y^h[jhkh\_klgh hibkZe lhqlh ijhbkoh^beh kh fghcgh q_f k_jv_ag__ klZgh\behkv fh_ hibkZgb_l_f [hevr_ hgb kf_yebkvY hklZgZ\eb\Zeky ^\Z beb ljb jZaZgh hgb m[_`^Zeb f_gy ijh^he`Zlv Heeb y\bekyd l_[_g_ kqblZykvk l\hbfbqm\kl\Zfb kdZaZe ^hgOmZgdh]^Z ydhgqbe k\h_ih\_kl\h\Zgb_y bf_x \ \b^mqlh lug_ k^_eZ_rvgbq_]hqlh[u kh[eZagblv_]hLu fh`_rv kb^_lv[_a^_evgbqZy beb^mfZy h`_gsbgZoZ aZl_f \g_aZigh e_]dbc m^Zjih l\h_fmie_qmlu ih\hjZqb\Z_rvky b heebklhbl i_j_^lh[hc Qlh yfh]m k^_eZlv_keb kemqZ_lkyqlhlhih^h[gh_ wlhfm"kijhkbe y WcWcIh^h`^b fbgmldmkdZaZe ^hgO_gZjhwlh g_ohjhrbc \hijhkG_ kijZrb\Zch lhfqlh lufh`_rv k^_eZlv Hq_\b^ghqlh lug_ fh`_rvk^_eZlv gbq_]hKijhkb h lhf qlh fh`_lk^_eZlv \hbg Hg ih\_jgmekydh fg_ijbsmjb\rbkv?]h ]heh\Z ke_]dZ gZdehgbeZkv \ijZ\hZ _]hjhl kfhjsbeky Y ihkfhlj_e gZ^hgZ OmZgZqlh[u hggZf_dgme fg_g_ [ueh ebwlh iheh`_gb_rmldhcgh hgkhojZgye g_ijhgbpZ_fh_ ebph OhjhrhkdZaZe yqlh fh`_lk^_eZlv \hbg" >hg O_gZjh ijbsmjbekyb aZqfhdZek\hbfb ]m[ZfbdZd [m^lh bsZihôh^ysb_ keh\ZHg \a]eygmegZ f_gyijbklZevgh ih^^_j`b\Zy k\hcih^[hjh^hd <hbg fhqbl \k\hb rlZgukdZaZe hg k bg^_ckdbf kihdhckl\b_f >hg OmZg aZdjuek\h_ ebphZ ^hgO_gZjh oehigmeky gZ a_fexjZajZab\rbkv \hxsbfkf_ohf Bkim] wlh g_qlhlZdh_hl q_]h gbdh]^Z g_evay gZ\k_]^Z ba[Z\blvkykdZaZe ^hgOmZgdh]^Z kf_omlbo Dh]^Z \hbg ihiZ^Z_l\ lZdh_ljm^gh_ iheh`_gb_hg ijhklh ih\_jg_lky d heebkibghcg_ ^mfZy^\Z`û<hbg g_ fh`_l ihlZdZlv k_[_ihwlhfm hgg_ fh`_lmf_j_lv hlbkim]Z<hbg iha\hey_l heebijbclb lhevdhlh]^Zdh]^Z hg\ ohjhr_cnhjf_ b ]hlh\Dh]^Z hg^hklZlhqgh kbe_gqlh[u kjZablvkyk heeb hg hldju\Z_l k\hcijhk\_l\ufZgb\Z_l heebo\ZlZ_l _]h ^_j`bl _]h ijb`Zlufd a_fe_b khojZgy_l k\hc ijbklZevguc \a]ey^ gZ g_f jh\ghklhevdhkdhevdh _fmgZ^haZl_f hg hl\h^bl k\hb]eZaZhk\h[h`^Z_l heebb hlimkdZ_l_]h<hbg fhc ^jm`hdwlh fZkl_j\ ex[h_\j_fy Qlh kemqblky_keb lu[m^_rv kebrdhf^he]h ijbklZevgh kfhlj_lv gZheeb"kijhkbe y >hg O_gZjh ihkfhlj_egZ f_gyb bah[jZabe dhfbq_kdbc `_kl \ukfZljb\Zgby Dlh agZ_l"kdZaZe ^hgOmZgfh`_l [ulvO_gZjh jZkkdZ`_l l_[_qlh kemqbehkvk gbf Fh`_l [ulvkdZaZe ^hgO_gZjh baZobobdZe Lu jZkkdZ`_rvfg_ih`ZemcklZ" >hg O_gZjh \klZeihlj_sZe dhklyfb\uijyfeyy k\hb jmdbb hldjuek\hb ]eZaZ^h lZdhckl_i_gbqlh hgb klZeb djm]eufb b\u]ey^_eb [_amfgh O_gZjh kh[bjZ_lkyijhba\_klb ^jh`vimklugbkdZaZe hg bihr_e \qZiZjZev O_gZjh j_rbe ihfhqv l_[_kdZaZe ^hg OmZg ^h\_jbl_evguf lhghfhg ^_eZelh `_kZfh_ êyl_[y \k\h_f ^hf_b luihqlb \b ^_ e Y ih^mfZeqlh hgkkueZeky gZlhqlh kemqbehkv m \h^hiZ^Zgh hg]h\hjbe hlZbgkl\_gguo ]jhohqmsbo a\mdZo dhlhju_ ykeurZe m^hfZ ^hgZO_gZjh F_`^m ijhqbfqlh wlh[ueh"kijhkbe yfu kf_yebkv gZ^ wlbfgh lugbdh]^Z g_h[tykgye fg_qlh wlh [ueh Lu gbdh]^Zg_ kijZrb\Ze KijZrb\Ze G_lLu kijZrb\Zef_gy h[h \k_faZ bkdexq_gb_f wlh]h >hg OmZgh[\bgyxs_ ihkfhlj_egZ f_gy >Z Wlh [ueh bkdmkkl\hO_gZjhkdZaZe hglhevdh O_gZjh fh`_l^_eZlv wlhLu ihqlb \b ^_ e lh]^Z Y kdZaZe _fmqlh fg_gbdh]^Z g_ijboh^beh \ ]heh\m k\yaZlv \b^_gv_k g_h[uqgufbrmfZfbdhlhju_ y keurZe lh]^Z : ihq_fmlu g_k\yau\Ze"kijhkbe hgj_rbl_evgh <b^_lvwlh agZqbl]eZaZfb êyf_gykdZaZe y Hg jZkkfZljb\Zef_gy g_dhlhjh_\j_fydZd [m^lhkh fghc [ueh qlhlh g_lZd Y gbdh]^Z g_]h\hjbeqlh \b^_gv_wlh lhevdh ]eZaZfbkdZaZe hgihdZqZ\ kg_^h\_jb_f ]heh\hc DZd hg^_eZ_l wlh"gZklZb\Ze y Hg m`_kdZaZe l_[_dZd hg^_eZ_l wlhj_adh kdZaZe ^hg OmZg < wlhlkZfuc fhf_gly mkeurZeg_h[uqZcguc ]jhohl Y \kdhqbeZ ^hg OmZggZqZe kf_ylvky=jhohl [ue ih^h[_g ]jhfm eZ\bguIjbkemrZ\rbkv d g_fmy k^_eZe aZ[Z\gh_ aZdexq_gb_qlh \hkijbgbfZ_fu_ fghx a\mdb hij_^_e_ggh ijhbkoh^beb \ dbghGbadbc ]medhlhjuc y keurZeihoh^be gZa\mdh\hc ljxddbghdh]^Z p_eZy klhjhgZ ]hju jmrblky\ ^hebgm >hg OmZg ^_j`Zeky aZ[hdZdZd [m^lhhgb [he_eb hl kf_oZ=jhohqmsbc ]m^ ihljykZe a_fex]^_ y klhyeY hlq_leb\h mkeurZe m^Zj q_]hlhqlhdZaZehkv[ueh m\_kbkluf [meu`gbdhfdhlhjuc dZlbeky\gbaY mkeurZe jy^ khdjmrbl_evguo m^Zjh\qlh kha^Zehm f_gy\i_qZle_gb_qlh \Zemg g_mfhebfh dZlbekydh fg_Y bkiulZefhf_gl djZcg_]h aZf_rZl_evkl\ZFhb fmkdmeugZijy]ebkv\k_ fh_l_eh [ueh ]hlh\h d[_]kl\m Y \a]eygme gZ ^hgZOmZgZHg ijbklZevgh kfhlj_e gZ f_gyAZl_f y mkeurZe kZfuc m`ZkZxsbc m^ZjdZdhc y dh]^Zeb[h keurZe \fh_c `bagbDZd [m^lh h]jhfguc \Zemg ijba_febeky ijyfh ihaZ^b^hfZ<k_ kh^jh]gmehkvb \ wlhl fhf_gl m f_gy \hagbdehgZb[he__ g_h[uqgh_ hsms_gb_GZ f]gh\_gb_ y ^_ckl\bl_evghm\b^_e\Zemg \_ebqbghck ]hjm ijyfh ihaZ^b ^hfZWlh g_[ueh h[jZahfgZeh`_gguf gZ dZjlbgm ^hfZgZ dhlhjucy kfhlj_eWlh lZd`_g_ [ueh\b^hf gZklhys_]h [meu`gbdZWlh [uehkdhj__l_fdZd _keb[u rmf kha^Z\Ze h[jZa\ZemgZdZlys_]hky gZk\hbo h]jhfguo[hdZoY ^_ckl\bl_evgh \b^_ermfG_h[tykgbfuc h[jZa fh_]h \hkijbylby ijb\_e f_gy d]em[hdhfm hlqZygbx b aZf_rZl_ evkl\mGbdh]^Z \ `bagby g_ij_^klZ\eye k_[_qlh fhb qm\kl\Z fh]eb \hkijbgbfZlv lZdbfh[jZahfGZ f_gy gZiZe jZpbhgZevguc kljZob yj_rbe kiZkZlvky [_]kl\hfqlh[u khojZgblv k\hx `bagv>hg OmZg ko\Zlbe f_gy jmdhc b ih\_ebl_evgh ijbdZaZe fg_g_ m[_]Zlvb lZd`_g_ h]eyû\Z lvkygh ih\_jgmlvky ebphf\ gZijZ\e_gbbdm^Z mr_e ^hg O_gZjh Y mkeurZe ke_^mxsmxk_jbx rmfh\dhlhju_ ihoh^beb gZ a\md dZfg_ciZ^Zxsbo b]jhfha^ysboky ^jm]gZ ^jm]ZZ aZl_f \k_ kgh\ZklZeh kihdhcghQ_j_a g_kdhevdhfbgml ^hg O_gZjh \_jgmeky b k_eHg kijhkbe\b^_eeb yY g_ agZeqlh kdZaZlvY ih\_jgmeky d ^hgm OmZgm aZ mdZaZgbyfbHg ijbklZevgh kfhlj_egZ f_gy Y ^mfZxqlh hg\b^_ekdZaZe hgb aZkf_yeky Y ohl_ekdZaZlvqlh g_ihgbfZxh q_fhgb ]h\hjylY qm\kl\h\Ze k_[ym`Zkgh jZkkljh_ggufM f_gy[ueh nbabq_kdh_ hsms_gb_ \hafms_gbydjZcg_]h g_m^h[kl\Z Y ^mfZxfu hklZ\bf_]h a^ _k v kb^_lvh^gh]h kdZaZe ^hgOmZg Hgb \klZebb ijhrebfbfh f_gy DZjehk ihlZdZ_lk_[_ \k\h_f aZf_rZl_evkl\_kdZaZe ^hg OmZghq_gv ]jhfdh Y hklZ\Zekyh^bg g_kdhevdhqZkh\ bbf_e \j_fygZibkZlv k\hb aZf_ldbb h[^mfZlvg_e_ihklv fh_]hi_j_`b\Zgby>mfZy h[ wlhffg_ klZehykghqlh klh]h kZfh]hfhf_glZdh]^Z y m\b^_e ^hgZ O_gZjhkb^_\rbf ih^jZfZ^ZkblmZpby ijbgyeZ g_e_iuc \b^Q_f [hevr_y jZa^mfu\ZegZ^ wlbfl_f [hevr_ m[_`^Zekyqlh ^hg OmZgmklmibe dhgljhevgZ^h fghc ^hgm O_gZjhb wlZfukev gZihegbeZf_gy fjZqgufij_^qm\kl\b_f >hg OmZg b^hg O_gZjh\_jgmebkv \kmf_jdZoHgb k_eb jy^hf khfghck[hdm hlf_gy>hg O_gZjhkb^_e [eb`_b ihqlb ijbkehgbeky dh fg_?]h om^h_ b ojmidh_ ie_qh ke_]dZ dZkZehkv f_gyb ybkiulu\Ze lh`_ kZfh_qm\kl\hdhlhjh_ m f_gy [uehdh]^Z hgihoehiZe f_gyKhdjmrbl_evgZy ly`_klv gZ\ZebeZkv gZf_gyb ymiZe gZdhe_gh ^hgZOmZgZHg ihfh] fg_ k_klvijyfh bkijhkbe \rmleb\hf lhg_g_ iulZekyeb y mkgmlv gZ_]h dhe_g_ >hg O_gZjhdZaZehkvgZkeZ`^Zeky_]h ]eZaZ[e_kl_eb Fg_ ohl_ehkv aZieZdZlvM f_gy[ueh qm\kl\hqlh y [ue ih^h[_g `b\hlghfmdhlhjh_ [uehaZ]gZgh \aZ]hg Y im]Zx l_[yDZjemrZ"kijhkbe ^hg O_gZjh dZaZehkv^_ckl\bl_evgh haZ[hq_gghLu \u]ey^brv ih^h[gh ^bdhc ehrZ^b JZkkdZ`b _fmkdZadmkdZaZe ^hgOmZgLhevdh wlh mkihdZb\Z_l _]h Hgb i_j_^\bgmebkv b k_eb gZijhlb\ f_gyHgb h[Z gZ[ex^Zeb aZ fghc k ex[hiulkl\hf< ihemlvf_ bo ]eZaZ dZaZebkv a_jdZevgufbdZd h]jhfgu_l_fgu_ em`b \hûBo ]eZaZ \gmrZebkljZowlh g_[ueb ]eZaZex^_cFu ijbklZevgh kfhlj_eb ^jm]gZ ^jm]Zg_dhlhjh_ \j_fyZ aZl_fy hl\_ek\hb ]eZaZY aZf_lbeqlh yg_ [hyekybobl_f g_f_g__bo ]eZaZ gZim]Zeb f_gy ^hlZdhc kl_i_gbqlh y aZ^jh`ZeY ihqm\kl\h\Ze hq_gvg_m^h[gh_ aZf_rZl_evkl\h IhfheqZ\ g_fgh]h^hg OmZg m[_^be ^hgZ O_gZjh jZkkdZaZlv fg_h lhfqlh kemqbehkvk gbfh^bg jZadh]^Z hg ihijh[h\Ze i_j_kfhlj_lv k\h_]h heeb>hg O_gZjh kb^_e \ g_kdhevdbo nmlZo hl f_gyebphf dh fg_hg gbq_]h g_ ]h\hjbeY \a]eygmegZ g_]h_]h ]eZaZdZaZehkv[ueb \ q_luj_ beb\ iylvjZa [hevr_h[uqguo q_eh\_q_kdbo]eZahgb kbyeb b g_ij_h^hebfhijbly]b\ZebLhqlhdZaZehkv[ueh k\_lhf _]h]eZa]hkih^kl\h\Zeh gZ^\k_f \hdjm]g_]hL_eh ^hgZ O_gZjhdZaZehkvkt_`behkv b\u]ey^_eh ih^h[gh l_em dhrdbY aZf_lbe^\b`_gb_ _]hdhrZqv_]h l_eZb bkim]Zeky Kh\_jr_ggh Z\lhfZlbq_kdbdZd [m^lhy ^_eZewlh \kx k\hx `bagvy ijbgye[h_\mx ihamb gZqZejblfbqgh [blvih k\h_c ijZ\hc bdj_Dh]^Z y klZe khagZ\Zlv k\hb ^_ckl\byy kfmlbeky b\a]eygme gZ^hgZ OmZgZHg \kfZljb\Zeky\ f_gy dZd hg^_eZe h[uqgh_]h ]eZaZ[ueb ^h[jufbb mkihdZb\Zxsb fbHg ]jhfdhaZkf_yeky>hg O_gZjhba^Ze fmjeudZxsbca\md \klZe b\hr_e \^hf >hg OmZgh[tykgbe fg_qlh ^hgO_gZjh [uehq_gv kbevguf b g_ ex[beaZgbfZlvky imklydZfbb qlhhg ijhklh ^jZagbe f_gy k\hbfb ]eZaZfbHg kdZaZeqlhdZd h[uqghy agZe [hevr_q_f h`b^ZekZfHg k^_eZeaZf_qZgb_qlh dZ`ûcdlh [ue k\yaZgk fZ]b_c[ue m`ZkghhiZk_g \qZku kmf_j_db qlh fZ]bih^h[gu_ ^hgmO_gZjhfh]eb kh\_jrZlvqm^_kZ \ wlh \j_fy Fu fheqZeb g_kdhevdhfbgmly qm\kl\h\Zek_[y emqr_ JZa]h\hj k ^hghfOmZghf jZkkeZ[bef_gy b \hkklZgh\be fhx m\_j_gghklvAZl_f hgkdZaZeqlh hgohl_e ih_klvqlhgb[m^v b qlhfu kh[bjZ_fkyijh]meylvky êylh]hqlh[u ^hg O_gZjh fh] ihdZaZlvfg_ l_ogbdmijylZgvy Y ihijhkbe _]h h[tykgblvqlh hg ih^jZamf_\Z_l ih^ l_ogbdhc ijylZgvyHg kdZaZeqlh hgaZdhgqbe kh[tykg_gb_f \_s_c fg_ihlhfm qlh h[tykg_gb_ lhevdh mkbeb\Zeh fh_ ihlZdZgb_ k_[_ Fu \hreb\ ^hf>hg O_gZjhijb k\_l_d_jhkbgh\hc eZfiu i_j_`_\u\Ze ibsm Ihke_ _û fuljh_ ihreb\ ]mklhcimklugguc qZiZjZev >hg OmZg r_e ihqlbjy^hf khfghc>hg O_gZjh [ue i_j_^h fghc\ g_kdhevdboyj^Zo \i_j_^bf_gy ;ueZ ykgZyghqv[ueb ly`_eu_lmqbgh [ueh^hklZlhqgh emggh]h k\_lZqlh[u ykghij_^klZ\eylv k_[_hdjm`Zxs__< h^bg fhf_gl^hg OmZghklZgh\beky bkdZaZe fg_qlh[u y r_e \i_j_^ b ^h]hgye ^hgZ O_gZjhY aZdhe_[Zekyhg g_`gh ih^lhedgme f_gyb aZ\_jbeqlh \k_ohjhrhHg kdZaZeqlh y \k_]^Z ^he`_g [ulv ]hlh\ b \k_]^Z ^he`_g ^h\_jylv kh[kl\_gghc kbe_ Y ^h]hgye ^hgZ O_gZjhke_^mxsb_ ^\ZqZkZ b iulZeky ihjZ\gylvky k gbfgh dZdkbevgh ygb klZjZekyy g_ fh] ^h]gZlv _]hKbemwl ^hgZO_gZjh [ue\k_]^Z \i_j_^b f_gy Bgh]^Z hgbkq_aZedZd [m^lhiju]Ze \klhjhgm hl ljhibgdb lhevdh qlh[u kgh\Z ihy\blvky\i_j_^b f_gyQlh dZkZehkv f_gylh wlhdZaZehkv[ueZ kljZggZy[_kkfuke_ggZy oh^v[Z \ l_fghl_Y r_eihlhfmqlh yg_ agZedZd \_jgmlvky d ^hfmY g_fh] ihgylvqlh ^_eZe^hg O_gZjhY ih^mfZeqlh hg \_e f_gyd dZdhfmlh g_ykghfmf_klm \ qZiZjZe_qlh[u ihdZaZlv fg_ l_ogbdmh dhlhjhc]h\hjbe ^hgOmZg< h^ghf f_kl_h^gZdhm f_gy\hagbdeh g_h[uqgh_hsms_gb_qlh ^hg O_gZjh [ue ihaZ^b f_gyY ih\_jgmeky b f_evdhf m\b^_e q_eh\_dZ \ g_dhlhjhf hl^Ze_gbbihaZ^b f_gyWnn_dl [ue ihljykZxsbfY bah\k_o kbeklZjZeky m\b^_lv\ l_fghl_ b \_jbeqlh fh]jZaebqblv kbemwlq_eh\_dZklhy\r_]h ijbf_jgh \ iylgZ^pZlb yj^Zo hl f_gyNb]mjZ ihqlb keb\ZeZkv k dmklZfbhgZ dZd [m^lh ohl_eZ kdjulvkyY ijbklZevgh \]eyû\Zeky fhf_gl b fh]^_ckl\bl_evgh jZah[jZlv kbemwl q_eh\_dZ \ ihe_fh_]h \hkijbylby^Z`_ ohlyhg b klZjZeky kijylZlvky aZ l_fgufbhq_jlZgbyfb dmklh\Lh]^Z eh]bqgZy fukev ijbreZ fg_\ ]heh\mwlbf q_eh\_dhf^he`_g [ulv ^hg OmZgdhlhjuc ^he`_g [ue ke_^h\ZlvaZ gZfb \k_ \j_fy F]gh\_ggh yklZe m[_`^_gqlh wlh[ueh lZdy lZd`_ ihgye qlh y g_ fh][hevr_ jZaebqZlv_]h kbemwl\k_qlh [ueh i_j_^h fghcwlh g_jZaebqbfZy l_fgZy fZkkZ imkluggh]h qZiZjZey Y ihr_ed f_klm]^_ y\b^_e q_eh\_dZgh g_fh] gbdh]h gZclb>hgZ O_gZjhlZd`_ gb]^_g_ [ueh\b^ghblZd dZd y g_ agZe ^hjh]by k_e`^ZlvQ_j_a iheqZkZ^hg OmZgb ^hg O_gZjh ijbrebHgb ]jhfdha\Zeb f_gyih bf_gbY \klZe b ijbkh_^bgbeky dgbf Fu reb d^hfm \iheghc lbrbg_Y ijb\_lkl\h\Ze wlhl ZgljZdl lbrbguihlhfm qlhy qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y kh\_jr_ggh ^_ahjb_glbjh\ZggufNZdlbq_kdby qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y g_ba\_klguf kZfhfmk_[_>hg O_gZjhk^_eZe qlhlh êyf_gy qlhlhqlh m^_j`b\Zehf_gy hlnhjfmebjh\Zgby fhbo fuke_c l_f iml_fdZbf yijb\ud wlh^_eZlvFg_ klZehwlh hq_\b^gh dh]^Z ykb^_e gZljhibgd_Y Z\lhfZlbq_kdbijh\_jbe \j_fy dh]^Z k_eb aZl_fhklZ\Zeky kihdhcgufdZd [m^lhfhc mf[ue \udexq_g<k_ `_y kb^_e\ khklhygbbgZklhjh`_gghklbdZdmx y gbdh]^Zg_ bkiulu\Zeij_`^_Wlh [uehkhklhygb_ [_afukeby \hafh`ghkjZ\gbfh_ k [_aaZ[hlghklvx dh \k_fmFbj dZaZehkv[ue \ l_q_gb_ wlh]h \j_f_gb\ kljZgghf jZ\gh\_kbby gbq_]hg_ fh]^h[Z\blv dg_fm bgbq_]h g_fh] \uq_klv bag_]h Dh]^Z fuijbreb d^hfm^hg O_gZjhjZkdZlZe khehf_gguc fZl b e_]kiZlvY qm\kl\h\Zeg_h[oh^bfhklv \hkijhba\_klb k\hb i_j_`b\Zgby^hgm OmZgmGh hgg_ iha\hebefg_ ]h\hjblv hdly[jy ]h^Z Y ^mfZxqlh yihgye lhqlh ^hg O_gZjh iulZeky k^_eZlv ijhrehcghqvxkdZaZe y^hgm OmZgm Y kdZaZewlh êylh]hqlh[u \uau\Zlv_]h gZjZa]h\hj ?]h ihklhyggu_hldZau jZa]h\Zjb\ZlvebrZeb f_gyijbkmlkl\by ^moZ >hg OmZg meu[gmeky bf_ê_ggh ihdZqZe ]heh\hcdZd [m^lh kh]eZrZykvkh fghcY ^he`_g[ue ijbgylvwlhl `_kldZd ih^l\_j`^_gb__keb [ug_ kljZgguc[e_kd \_]h ]eZaZo?]h ]eZaZ dZd[m^lh kf_yebkvgZ^h fghc Lu ^mfZ_rvy g_ ihgbfZx^Z"kijhkbe y g_ijb^m`^_ggh Y iheZ]Zx^ZIhgbfZ_rvgZ kZfhf ^_e_lu ihgbfZ_rvqlh O_gZjh[ue ihaZ^bl_[y \lh \j_fyH^gZdh ihgbfZgb_ wlh g_gZklhys__ ^_eh ?]h ml\_j`^_gb_qlh ^hgO_gZjh [ueihaZ^b f_gy \k_ \j_fyihljykeh f_gyY ihijhkbe_]h h[tykgblvwlh L\hc mfgZijZ\e_g lZdqlh bs_llhevdh h^gm klhjhgm wlh]hkdZaZe hg Hg \ayekmomx \_ldmb klZe^\b]Zlv _xih \ha^momHg g_ [jhkZe __ \ha^mo bg_ jbkh\Zenb]mjulhqlh hg ^_eZe ihoh^beh gZ ^\b`_gbydhlhju_ hg^_eZ_l k\hbfb iZevpZfb dh]^Z \uqbsZ_lkhj badmqb a_jgZ?]h ^\b`_gby[ueb ih^h[gu fy]dhfm mdhembeb pZjZiZgvx\ha^moZ \_ldhc Hg h[_jgmekyb ihkfhlj_egZ f_gyZ yfZrbgZevgh ih`Ze ie_qZfb \g_^hmf_gbbHg klZeq_jlblv [eb`_b ih\lhjylvk\hb ^\b`_gbyk^_eZ\ \hk_fv lhq_dgZ a_fe_Hg h[\_e i_j\mx lhqdm Lu a^_kvkdZaZe hg<k_ fua^_kv wlh qm\kl\h b fu^\b]Z_fky hlkx^Zkx^Z Hg hibkZe\lhjmxdhlhjmx hggZq_jlbe ijyfhgZ^ i_j\hc lhqdhcAZl_f hgklZe ^\b]Zlvk\h_c \_ldhc\aZ^ b \i_j_^ f_`^m ^\mfylhqdZfbqlh[u bah[jZablvly`_eh_ ^\b`_gb_ H^gZdhq_eh\_d bf__l_s_ r_klvlhq_ddhlhjufb hg kihkh[_g mijZ\eylvkdZaZe hg;hevrbgkl\h ex^_cgbq_]h g_ agZxlh gbo Hg ihf_klbek\hx \_ldmf_`^m i_j\hcb \lhjhclhqdZfb b ldgme a_fex_x >\b`_gb_ f_`^m wlbfb^\mfy lhqdZfb lu gZau\Z_rv ihgbfZgb_fLu ^_eZewlh \kxk\hx `bagvDh]^Z lu]h\hjbrv qlh ihgbfZ_rvfh_ agZgb_lu g_^_eZ_rv gbq_]hgh\h]h AZl_f hg kh_^bgbeg_dhlhju_ ba\hkvfb lhq_d ebgbyfb ihemqbeZkv \ulygmlZy ljZi_p_\b^gZynb]mjZdhlhjZy bf_eZ \hk_fv p_gljh\k g_jh\gufbemqZfb DZ`^Zy ba wlbor_klb hklZ\rbokylhq_d wlh fbj lhqgh lZd`_dZd qm\kl\hbeb ihgbfZgb_wlh ^\ZfbjZ êy l_[ykdZaZe hg Ihq_fm a^_kv \hk_fvlhq_d"Ihq_fm g_ [_kdhg_qgh_ qbkehdZd \djm]_"kijhkbe y Y gZq_jlbedjm] gZa_fe_>hg OmZgmeu[gmeky GZkdhevdh yagZx_klv lhevdh\hk_fv lhq_ddhlhjufb q_eh\_d kihkh[_g mijZ\eylv<hafh`ghex^b g_ fh]ml ij_\ukblv wlh]hB ykdZaZe mijZ\e_gb_fg_ ihgbfZgb_fqlh lu ihemqbe" ?]h lhg [ue lZdbf aZ[Z\gufqlh y aZkf_yekyHg ih^jZ`Ze bebkdhj__i_j_^jZagb\Ze fh_ gZklZb\Zgb_ gZ lhqghf mihlj_[e_gbbkeh\ L\hy ijh[e_fZ\ lhfqlh luohq_rv \k_ihgylvZ wlh g_\hafh`gh?keb lu gZklZb\Z_rv gZ ihgbfZgbblu g_ mqblu\Z_rv \kxk\hx km^v[mdZd q_eh\_q_kdh]hkms_kl\ZL\hc dZf_gv ij_ldgh\_gbyp_eIhwlhfmlu g_k^_eZe ihqlbgbq_]h aZ \k_ wlb]hûLuijZ\^Z\uljyogmeky ba k\h_c iheghc ^j_fhlugh wlh]h fh`gh [ueh^hklbqv ijb ex[uo ^jm]bo h[klhyl_evkl\Zo Ihke_ iZmau^hg OmZg\_e_e fg_ih^gylvkyihlhfm qlhfu kh[bjZebkv d \h^ghfm dZgvhgmDh]^Z fu kZ^bebkv \ fhx fZrbgmbaaZ ^hfZ\ur_e ^hgO_gZjh bijbkh_^bgbeky d gZf Fu ijh_oZeb qZklv imlbZ aZl_fihreb i_rdhf \ ]em[hdhf ms_ev_>hg OmZg\u[jZe f_klh\ l_gb[hevrh]h ^_j_\Zqlh[u hl^hogmlv Lu h^gZ`ûmihfygmegZqZe ^hgOmZgqlh l\hc ^jm] kdZaZedh]^Z \ugZ[ex^Zeb ebkliZ^Z\rbc k kZfhc \_jrbgu kbdhfhjZqlh lhl`_ kZfucebkl g_miZ^_l kgh\Z k lh]h `_kZfh]h kbdhfhjZgbdh]^Z \\_qghklbihfgbrv" Y \kihfgbeqlh jZkkdZau\Ze_fm h[wlhf kemqZ_ Fu m[hevrh]h ^_j_\Zijh^he`Ze hgb l_i_jv _keb fu ihkfhljbf gZ^jm]h_ ^_j_\hi_j_^ gZfbfu fh`_f m\b^_lv ebkliZ^Zxsbc k kZfhc\_jrbguHg mdZaZe fg_ kfhlj_lvGZ ^jm]hcklhjhg_ h\jZ]Z[ueh [hevrh_^_j_\h_]h ebklvy [uebih`_el_\rbfb bkmobfbHg ih[m^bef_gy ^\b`_gb_f k\h_c k\h_c ]heh\u khojZgylv \a]ey^ gZ ^_j_\_Ihke_ g_kdhevdbo fbgml h`b^Zgbyk \_jrbgukhj\Zeky ebklb gZqZe iZ^Zlv gZa_fexhg m^Zjbekyh ^jm]b_ebklvy b\_ldb ^_j_\Z ljb jZaZij_`^_ q_fmiZe gZ\ukhdbc ihê_khd Lu \b^_e_]h" >Z Lu kdZ`_rvqlh lhl`_ kZfucebkl gbdh]^Zkgh\Z g_ miZ^_l klh]h `_kZfh]h ^_j_\ZijZ\^Z" IjZ\^Z GZkdhevdh luihgbfZ_rv wlh bklbgZGh wlh lhevdh gZkdhevdh luihgbfZ_rvKfhljb kgh\Z Y fZrbgZevgh \a]eygme b m\b^_e iZ^Zxsbc ebklHg ^_ckl\bl_evgh m^Zjyekyh l_`_ kZfu_ebklvy b\_ldbqlh b ij_û^msbc ebklY dZd[m^lh kfhlj_el_dmsmx l_e_\babhggmx i_j_^ZqmY ijhke_^beaZ \heghh[jZagufiZ^_gb_f ebklZihdZ hg g_ miZe gZa_fexY ih^gyekymagZlv[ueb eb wlh ^\Z ebklZgh \ukhdbcihê_khd \hdjm]^_j_\Z ij_iylkl\h\Ze fg_ jZkkfhlj_lv]^_ ebkl^_ckl\bl_evgh ijba_febeky >hg OmZgjZkkf_yeky b\_e_e fg_k_klv KfhljbkdZaZe hgmdZaZ\ k\h_c]heh\hc gZ \_jrbgm ^_j_\ZLZf iZ^Z_llhl `_kZfuc ebklkgh\Z Y _s_jZa m\b^_eebkliZ^Zxsbc lhqghlZdbf `_h[jZahf qlh b^\Z ij_û^msb_ Dh]^Z hgmiZey agZeqlh ^hgOmZg kh[bjZ_lkymdZaZlv fg_ kgh\Z ihkfhlj_lvgZ \_jrbgm^_j_\Zgh ij_`^_q_f hg k^_eZe wlhy ih^gye]eZaZEbkl iZ^Zekgh\ZLh]^Z yihgye qlh lhevdh \b^_e i_j\uckhj\Z\rbcky ebklbebkdhj__ i_j\uc jZa ebklmiZedh]^Z y\b^_e _]hk lh]h f]gh\_gby dh]^Z hg hl^_ebekyhl \_ldb^jm]b_ ljbjZaZ ebkl[ue m`_ miZ\rbfdh]^Z yih^gbfZe ]heh\mihkfhlj_lv Y kdZaZewlh ^hgmOmZgm bgZklZb\Zeqlh[u hgh[tykgbe fg_ lhqlh hg^_eZe Y g_ ihgbfZxdZd lu aZklZ\ey_rv f_gy \b^_lv ih\lhj_gb_ lh]hqlh y\b^_e ij_`^_Qlh luk^_eZe khfghc ^hg OmZg" Hg aZkf_yekygh g_hl\_qZeb ygZklZb\Zeqlh hg ^he`_g kdZaZlv fg_dZd yfh] \b^_lvwlhl ebkliZ^Zxsbf kgh\Z b kgh\ZY kdZaZeqlhih fh_fm fg_gbxwlh g_\hafh`gh >hg OmZgkdZaZeqlh _]hjZamf ]h\hjbl_fm lh`_ kZfh_ h^gZdhy [uek\b^_l_e_f iZ^_gbyebklZ kgh\Zb kgh\ZAZl_f hg ih\_jgmekyd ^hgmO_gZjh G_ lZdeb"kijhkbe hg >hg O_gZjhg_ hl\_lbe?]h ]eZaZ[ueb khkj_^hlhq_gugZ fg_ Wlh g_\hafh`ghkdZaZe y Lu ijb\yaZg\hkdebdgme ^hgOmZgLu ijb\yaZg d k\h_fm jZamfm Hg h[tykgbeqlh ebkliZ^Ze kgh\Zb kgh\Zk lh]h `_ kZfh]h ^_j_\Z_keb lhevdhy hklZgh\ex ihiuldb ihgylv >h\_jbl_evguf lhghf hg kdZaZefg_qlh \ky \_sv m f_gy ijhreZ m^Zqghghh^gZdhfhy fZgby\k_]^Z hke_ieyeZf_gy \ dhgp_ < wlhfg_q_]h ihgbfZlvIhgbfZgb_ wlh lhevdhhq_gv g_[hevrh_ ^_ehhq_gv fZe_gvdh_kdZaZe hg < wlhlfhf_gl ^hgO_gZjh \klZeHg [jhkbehkljuc \a]ey^ gZ ^hgZOmZgZbo ]eZaZ\klj_lbebkv b^hg OmZgihkfhlj_e gZ a_fex i_j_^ kh[hc>hg O_gZjhklhye i_j_^hfghc b gZqZe jZafZob\Zlv k\hbfbjmdZfb \klhjhgu\aZ^ b\i_j_^ jblfbqgh KfhljbDZjemrZkdZaZe hgKfhljbKfhljb Hg ba^Ze qj_a\uqZcghj_adbck\bklysbc a\mdWlh [ue a\md q_]hlh j\ms_]hkyLhqgh \lh f]gh\_gb_dh]^Z jZa^Zeky a\mdy ihqm\kl\h\Zehsms_gb_ imklhlu\gbam fh_]h `b\hlZ Wlh [ueh m`Zkgh fmqbl_evgh_ hsms_gb_ iZ^_gbyg_ [he_ag_ggh]hghkdhj__g_ijbylgh]h bih]ehsZxs_]hWlh ijh^he`Zehkv g_kdhevdh k_dmg^Z aZl_f kiZehhklZ\b\ kljZgguc am^ \ fhbo dhe_gyo< lh \j_fydZd êbehkv hsms_gb_y i_j_`b\Ze^jm]hc g_\_jhylgucn_ghf_gY m\b^_e ^hgZ O_gZjhgZ \_jrbg_]hjdhlhju_ [ueb\hafh`gh\ ^_kylb fbeyo<hkijbylb_ êbehkv lhevdh g_kdhevdh k_dmg^ b kemqbehkv lZd g_h`b^Zgghqlh m f_gy g_ [ueh \j_f_gb ^_ckl\bl_evgh jZkkfhlj_lv_]hY g_fh] \hkdj_kblv\b^_e eb y q_eh\_q_kdmx nb]mjdm gZ \_jrbg_ ]hju beb wlh [ue mf_gvr_gguc h[jZa^hgZ O_gZjhY g_fh] ^Z`_\kihfgblv[ue eb wlh^hg O_gZjhbeb g_lH^gZdh\ wlhlfhf_gl êyf_gy g_ [ueh gbdZdh]hkhfg_gbyqlh y\b^_e _]hklhysbf gZ\_jrbg_ ]hjH^gZdh\ lhlfhf_gl yih^mfZeqlh yg_ fh]jZaebqblv q_eh\_dZ \^_kylb fbeyob \hkijbylb_bkq_aeh Y ih\_jgmekyqlh[u ihkfhlj_lvgZ ^hgZO_gZjhgh _]h g_ [ueh G_^hmf_gb_dhlhjh_ y i_j_`b\Ze[ueh lZdbf `_ m^b\bl_evgufdZd \k_^jm]h_qlh kemqZehkvkh fghcFhc mf kh]gmeky hl gZijy`_gbyY qm\kl\h\Ze k_[y kh\_jr_ggh ^_ahjb_glbjh\Zgguf >hg OmZg\klZe b\_e_e fg_aZdjulv gb`gxxqZklv fh_]h `b\hlZ jmdZfbb iehlghijb`Zlv gh]bd l_em\ wlhfiheh`_gbb Fu \ fheqZgbb g_dhlhjh_ \j_fyZ aZl_f hg kdZaZeqlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh kh[bjZeky \ha^_j`Zlvky hl h[tykg_gby q_]hgb[m^v fg_ihlhfm qlhlhevdh ^_ckl\myq_eh\_d fh`_l klZlv fZ]hfHg ihkh\_lh\Zefg_ g_f_ê_gghm_oZlvbgZq_ ^hg O_gZjh\hafh`ghm[v_l f_gy\ k\h_fmkbebb ihfhqvfg_ Lu kh[bjZ_rvkybaf_gblv gZijZ\e_gb_kdZaZe hgb lu jZah[v_rvk\hb hdh\u Hg kdZaZeqlh fg_g_q_]h [uehihgbfZlv \^_ckl\byo _]h b ^hgZ O_gZjh bqlh fZ]b[ueb \iheg_ kihkh[gu kh\_jrZlv g_h[udgh\_ggu_ ijhy\e_gby O_gZjh by ^_ckl\m_fhlkx^ZkdZaZe hgb mdZaZegZ h^bg bap_gljh\ gZk\h_c ^bZnjZ]f_Z wlhp_glj ihgbfZgby b \k_`_ luagZ_rvqlh wlhlZdh_ Y ohl_e kdZaZlvqlh y\ ^_ckl\bl_evghklbg_ agZeh q_f hg]h\hjbegh hgg_ ^Zefg_ \j_f_gb\klZe bmdZaZe fg_ ke_^h\Zlv aZgbfHg gZqZeb^lb [ukljhg_h[udgh\_gghb y iuoly bihl_yklZjZeky g_hlklZ\Zlv hlg_]h Dh]^Z fuk_eb \fZrbgmy h]ey^_ekybsZ ^hgZO_gZjh =^_ hg"kijhkbe y Lu agZ_rv]^_ hgj_adh hl\_lbe^hg OmZg Ij_`^_q_f m_oZlvy ihkb^_ek gbfdZd y ^_eZe \k_]^ZM f_gy [ueh g_ij_h^hebfh_ ih[m`^_gb_ kijhkblv jZatykg_gbcDZd ]h\hjbl ^hgOmZgh[tykg_gby wlh \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb fh_ihlZdZgb_ k_[_ =^_ ^hgO_gZjh"hklhjh`gh kijhkbey Lu agZ_rv]^_kdZaZe hg\k_ `_lu dZ`ûc jZa l_jibrv ihjZ`_gb_ihlhfm qlhlu gZklZb\Z_rvgZ ihgbfZgbb GZijbf_jlu agZe\ lmghqvqlh O_gZjh[ue ihaZ^bl_[y \k_ \j_fylu ^Z`_ih\_jgmeky bm\b^_e _]h G_laZijhl_klh\Ze yg_ly g_agZe wlh]h Y [uebkdj_g_g \wlhfFhc mfhldZau\Zeky ijbgylvwlhl \b^ \ebygbydZd j_Zevgh_bh^gZdhihke_ ^_kylb e_l mq_gbq_kl\Z k^hghf OmZghffhc mfg_ fh][hevr_ aZsbsZlvfhb klZju_ h[uqgu_djbl_jbb lh]hqlh y\ey_lkyj_ZevgufH^gZdh \k_ ij_îheh`_gbydhlhju_ y^h kboihj \ha[m`^Zeh ijbjh^_ j_Zevghklb[ueb ijhklh bgl_ee_dlmZevguf fZobgZpbyfb ^hdZaZl_evkl\hf lhfm [uehlhqlh ih^ ^Z\e_gb_f ^_ckl\bc ^hgZ OmZgZb ^hgZO_gZjhfhc mfaZr_e \lmibd >hg OmZgihkfhlj_e gZf_gyb \_]h ]eZaZo[ueZ lZdZy i_qZevqlh yaZieZdZeKe_au ihl_debkZfb< i_j\ucjZa \ k\h_c `bagb y qm\kl\h\Zeh[j_f_gyxsbc \_k fh_]h jZamfZ G_hibkm_fZy fmdZ h\eZ^_eZfghcY g_\hevghaZ\ue b h[gye _]hHg [ukljhklmdgme f_gykmklZ\Zfb iZevp_\ ih fZdmrd_ fh_c ]heh\uY ihqm\kl\h\Ze wlh dZd \hegm \gba ih iha\hghqgbdmWlh bf_ehhlj_a\eyxs__ ^_ckl\b_ Lu kebrdhffgh]h ihlZdZ_rvk_[_kdZaZe hgfy]dh Wibeh] >hg OmZg f_ê_ggh oh^be\hdjm] f_gyHgdZaZehkv jZa^mfu\Ze]h\hjblv bebg_ ]h\hjblvqlhlh fg_>\Z`û hg hklZgZ\eb\Zeky bdZaZehkvi_j_^mfu\Ze <_jg_rvky lu bebg_l wlh kh\_jr_ggh g_\Z`gh gZdhg_pkdZaZe hgh^gZdhl_i_jv l_[_g_h[oh^bfh `blv dZd \hbgmLu \k_]^ZagZe wlhl_i_jv luijhklh \iheh`_gbb qlh \ugm`^_gbkihevah\Zlv g_qlhq_f luij_g_[j_]Ze ij_`^_ Gh lu ^he`_g [hjhlvkyaZ wlhagZgb_hgh g_ ijhklh ^Zgh l_[_hgh g_ijhklh \jmq_ghl_[_ k\ur_Lu ^he`_g\u[blv _]h ba k_[y<k_ `_lu \k__s_ k\_lys__kykms_kl\hLu \k__s_ kh[bjZ_rvky mf_j_lvih^h[gh \k_f^jm]bfY h^gZ`û ]h\hjbe l_[_qlh gbq_]hg_evay baf_gblv\ k\_lys_fkyycp_ Hg ihfheqZefhf_glY agZeqlh hgkfhlj_e gZf_gygh y ba[_]Ze_]h ]eZa Gbqlh j_Zevghg_ baf_gbehkv\ l_[_kdZaZe hg

Карлос Кастанеда Отделенная реальность

Related documents

Products

Support

Карлос Кастанеда Отделенная реальность

Related documents

Add this document to collection(s)

Add this document to saved

Suggest us how to improve StudyLib