ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ И ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ

ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
ɍȾɄ: 796.01:612
ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɂ ɉȿȾȺȽɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ
ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɄɂ ɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ
ɋɉɈɊɌɋɆȿɇɈȼ
ɋ.ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, Ɍ.ɇ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɉ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ, Ⱥ. ɋ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɢ ɬɭɪɢɡɦɚ (ȽɐɈɅɂɎɄ)»
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS AND PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF
QUALIFIED SPORTSMEN’S TRAINING
S.E. Pavlov, T.N. Pavlova, A.P. Davydov, A.S. Pavlov, A.A. Petrov
Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Professional
Education “Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and
Tourism”
(State Central Lenin Order Institute of Physical Culture)
Moscow
e-mail: [email protected]
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ,
ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ – ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɧɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɚɛɫɭɪɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ
ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ, ɬɪɟɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɰɟɧɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ
ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɥɨɜɰɚ.
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ –
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɢɞɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ.
Keywords: effectiveness of sportsmen’s training, the laws of adaptation, theory and
methodology of sport, specificity of the training loads, the laws of the training level transfer, the
methods of sports training construction, a complex method of sports training construction.
Annotation. The results of the sportsmen’s training activity are defined, first of all, by
the laws of physiology and in particular – by the laws of a man’s organism development and
adaptation. The analysis of widely spread ideas of adaptive process mechanisms helped to reveal
groundlessness and absurdity of these ideas. The system laws of a person’s organism adaptation
determine the principles of the training level transfer from the training exercises to competitive
ones and define the choice of the way of the training process organization.
Research methods: scientific literature analysis, sports – pedagogical tests.
Materials. The effectiveness of the swimmers’ training process, if they train according to
generally accepted in sport schools programs and according to the program created in
accordance with the laws of adaptation, is evaluated according to the dynamics of the standard
swimming tests results and according to the individual results dynamics of swimming on
competitive distances by means of chosen ways of swimming.
Results. A low effectiveness of the used in sport schools programs of young swimmers
training was revealed. The facts are received which prove high effectiveness of physiologically
reasonable complex training process in training of young swimmers. In an individual experiment
high effectiveness of physiologically reasonable complex training process use is proved in
qualified swimmers training.
Conclusion. Physiologically reasonable complex training process is the most effective
way of sportsmen training. During the training process organization first come out the problems
of specificity and optimization of the training loads. The choice of the way of the training process
organization should be realized according to the criterion of its highest effectiveness for each
kind of sport.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɚɬɥɟɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
«ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ» ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ – ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ
ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɇɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ – ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ:
ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ɇɟɤɨɝɞɚ Ʌ. ɉ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜ (1965)
ɡɚɹɜɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ (ɢ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ) – ɨɧɢ ɟɞɢɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ [9]. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɭɸ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ [3]. Ⱥ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɡɠɟ
ɇ. ɇ. əɤɨɜɥɟɜ (1976) ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ - ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ, ɚ ɨɛ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ: «ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ, ɧɚɞɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ»
[19]. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ [11, 16, 17].
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
ɋɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɦ, ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ «ɫɯɟɦɟ» - «ɫɬɪɟɫɫ - ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ - ɪɟɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ».
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ – ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ [7]. ɋɞɟɥɚɜ «ɫɬɪɟɫɫ» ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ «ɫɯɟɦɵ» ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ, ɩɪɟɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬ
ɜɫɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɵ. ɀɢɡɧɶ – «ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ... ɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ» - ɂ. Ɇ. ɋɟɱɟɧɨɜ (1863). «ɋ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɫɸ ɫɜɨɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ» [1].
ɇɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ)
ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɪɵɜɟ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɯ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ [16, 17]. ɂ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɇɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɜ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ
«ɫɯɟɦɟ» ɧɟɬ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ, ɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ.
«Ⱦɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ» ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ «ɫɯɟɦɵ» - ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ «ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ», ɟɟ «ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ», ɱɬɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ «ɞɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ» ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɛɵɬɭɸɳɟɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ. ɂ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ «ɞɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ» ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ - ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɧɟɤɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ
ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ «ɪɟɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ», ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ, ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ «ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ»
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜ
– ɷɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɧɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɤ «ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ», ɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɢɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ «ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ» (ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ
«ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ» ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, «ɫɯɟɦɚ» - «ɫɬɪɟɫɫ - ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ - ɞɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ - ɪɟɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ»,
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɬɪɟɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ «ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɬɟɦ ɥɭɱɲɟ» - ɚɛɫɭɪɞɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɢ ɧɢɤɨɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɟ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ⱥ ɧɟɩɨɤɨɥɟɛɢɦɵɦ
ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɰɚɦ ɷɬɨɣ «ɫɯɟɦɵ» ɧɚɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ Ƚ. ɋɟɥɶɟ (1960): «ɇɟɬ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ, ɱɟɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɥɨɛɨɟ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ»
[15].
Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ: 1. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɠɢɜɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɸ. 2. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɜɡɪɨɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.
3. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. 4. Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɚ,
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ. 5. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ «ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ» ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
6. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ
ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɟɟ «ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ», ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɟɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. 7. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ (ɢ) ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɟɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. 8. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɯ, ɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɣ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. 9. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ). ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ) ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ.
10. Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
«ɩɪɟɞɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ»
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
(ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ)
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ «ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ» ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. 11. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɟɟ «ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ» ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ. 12. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ «ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ» ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. 13. Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ
ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, «ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ» ɫɬɨɥɶ ɠɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ 14. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ – ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. 15. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ
ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɟɧ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɟɧɨɬɢɩɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɨɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɮɟɧɨɬɢɩɚ [13].
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ: 1. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɢ «ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ» ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ) ɚɤɬɵ ɜ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ; 2. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ; 3. Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɟɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
4. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɢɦ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ, ɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ [18]. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɢ «ɬɪɟɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ» ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɇɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ «ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ. «Ⱦɥɹ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɚ ɫɤɭɩɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ»
(ɂɨɝɚɧɧ ȼɨɥɶɮɝɚɧɝ Ƚɟɬɟ). «ȿɫɥɢ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɤɢ ɩɪɢɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɟ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ,
ɨɧɢ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɢɬɟɤɚɸɬ, ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ - ɜ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɟ, ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ» (ɑɚɪɥɶɡ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬ Ⱦɚɪɜɢɧ).
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
ȿɫɬɶ ɧɟɡɵɛɥɟɦɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ: «ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɛɭɞɟɬ». ȼ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ, ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ «ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɚ» ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɦ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ «ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ» ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ «ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ», ɧɨ ɢ
«ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ». ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ «ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ» ɧɚ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ [14]. Ʉɥɸɱ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ «ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ» ɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ - ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ [11, 13, 16, 17]. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1 ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ «ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ».
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɋɍ – ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ; Ɍɍ –
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ) (ɋ. ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. ɋ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, 2013)
«Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ» ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ «ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ» ɫ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ
ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ±10-15%-ɦ
«ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ» ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ (ɞɚɧɧɵɟ Ⱥ. ɉ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɱɭɤɚ) – ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ±10-15%-ɝɨ «ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ»)
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ «ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ», ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɦ (ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ
ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɸ) ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ: ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
Ʌ. ɉ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ
(ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ) ɢ ɘ. ȼ. ȼɟɪɯɨɲɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
(ɛɥɨɤɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ). Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɧɸɞɶ ɧɟ ɥɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ȼ. Ȼ. ɂɫɫɭɪɢɧ, «ɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɜɲɢɣ» ɫɜɨɸ «ɛɥɨɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ». ɗɬɨɬ ɛɵɜɲɢɣ ɥɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣ, ɚ ɧɵɧɟ ɢɡɪɚɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ «ɭɱɟɧɵɣ», ɧɟ ɦɭɞɪɫɬɜɭɹ
ɥɭɤɚɜɨ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɥ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɤɭɱɭ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ Ʌ. ɉ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɵɦ ɢ
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
ɘ. ȼ. ȼɟɪɯɨɲɚɧɫɤɢɦ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɤɧɢɝɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɦɩɢɨɧɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ⱥ. ɉ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɱɭɤɚ (1986, 2005, 2007, 2010 ɢ ɞɪ.), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɭɠɟ ɫɨɪɨɤɚ ɥɟɬ «ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɚ» ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɪɨɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ [2, 3, 20, 21]. ɂɦ ɠɟ [3] ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ: ɷɬɚɩɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɷɬɚɩɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ-ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɷɬɚɩɧɨ-ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɷɬɚɩɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɷɬɚɩɧɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɷɬɚɩɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ;
ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɛɥɨɱɧɨ-ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɛɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɛɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɛɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɛɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ; ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ-ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɬɪɟɧɟɪ, ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɱɬɨ «… ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɤ ɬɨɣ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɹɯ» [6].
Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɟɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɬɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ Ʌ. ɉ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ. ɋ «ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ» ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ ɜ Ⱦɘɋɒ ɢ ɋȾɘɒɈɊ [8], ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ «ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ» ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ. ɇɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦ Ʌ. ɉ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜ (1997)
ɩɢɫɚɥ: «…ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚɫɶ
ɚɧɚɯɪɨɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɧɟɤɨɝɞɚ … ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ «ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɢɡɦɚ»…».
ȼ ɞɜɭɯɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ 50-ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ
ɩɥɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɟɫɬɟ 4ɯ50ɦ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɚɡ ɜ
ɞɜɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 6 ɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ 50-ɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯ
ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ (tɫɪ) ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɫɬɟ 4ɯ50 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ “1”, “2”, “3”, “4” ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 6 ɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ 50-ɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ (tɫɪ) ɜ
ɬɟɫɬɟ 4ɯ50 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ
1-ɟ (ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ)
2-ɟ
3-ɟ
4-ɟ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɇ
40,97
41,07
40,98
41,06
0,70
0,69
0,69
0,70
±m
&
2,98
2,93
2,93
2,95
t ɤɪɢɬ.
-0,11
-0,08
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ (ɪ”0,1) ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ 50-ɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɫɬɟ 4ɯ50 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ “1ɢɫɯ”, “2”, “3”, “4” ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 2 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ, ɚ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ - ɨ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ.
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ: «ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ» ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɩɥɨɜɰɚ.
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɟɡɨɰɢɤɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ȼ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɸɧɵɦ ɩɥɨɜɰɚɦ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ: ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ (50% ɨɬ max, 75% ɨɬ max, 100% ɨɬ max) ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɢɥɟɦ 25-, 50ɢ 100-ɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨ-ɫɢɥɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥ 1000 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ȼɫɟ
ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ-ɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ: ɚ) ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟ
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
ISSN 2070 47
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ; ɛ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ
ɜ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ (ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ) ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ «ɩɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵ» ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 3 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ 50 ɦ ɛɚɬɬɟɪɮɥɹɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ [2, 3, 20, 21] ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɇɚɥɢɰɨ – ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ 50 ɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɛɚɬɬɟɪɮɥɹɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɩɭɬɶ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɥɟɬɨɦ «ɩɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ».
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɩɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ 50 ɦ ɛɚɬɬɟɪɮɥɹɟɦ
(Ⱥ. ɉ-ɤ, 21 ɝ, Ɇɋ) ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ)
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɛɨɪ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɟɝɨ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
1. Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧ, ɉ. Ʉ. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ / ɉ.Ʉ. Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧ. – Ɇ. :
«Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ», 1968. – 546 ɫ., ɢɥ.
2. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɱɭɤ, Ⱥ. ɉ. Ɍɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɚɬɥɟɬɚ / Ⱥ.ɉ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɱɭɤ. – Ʉ. : Ɂɞɨɪɨɜǯɹ, 1986. – 160 ɫ.
3. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɱɭɤ, Ⱥ. ɉ. ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ / Ⱥ.ɉ. Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɱɭɤ. – Ʉɢɟɜ : «Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɚɹ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ», 2005. – 303 ɫ., ɢɥ.
4. ȼɟɪɯɨɲɚɧɫɤɢɣ, ɘ. ȼ. ɇɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ / ɘ.ȼ.
ȼɟɪɯɨɲɚɧɫɤɢɣ // Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɮɢɡ. ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. – 1998. - ʋ 2. – ɋ. 21-42.
5. ȼɟɪɯɨɲɚɧɫɤɢɣ, ɘ. ȼ. Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ / ɘ.ȼ.
ȼɟɪɯɨɲɚɧɫɤɢɣ // Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɮɢɡ. ɤɭɥɶɬ. - ʋ 7. - 1998. - ɋ. 41-54.
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ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ʋ1(30) 2014
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6. ȼɨɪɨɛɶɟɜ, Ⱥ. ɇ. Ɍɹɠɟɥɨɚɬɥɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ. Ɉɱɟɪɤɢ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ.
ɂɡɞ. 2-ɟ / Ⱥ.ɇ. ȼɨɪɨɛɶɟɜ. - Ɇ. : Ɏɢɋ, 1977.- 255 ɫ., ɢɥ.
7. Ƚɚɪɤɚɜɢ, Ʌ. ɏ. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. - 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɞɨɩ. /
Ʌ.ɏ. Ƚɚɪɤɚɜɢ, ȿ.Ȼ. Ʉɜɚɤɢɧɚ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɍɤɨɥɨɜɚ. - Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ : Ɋɨɫɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɭɧ-ɬ, 1979. - 128 ɫ.
8. Ʉɚɲɤɢɧ, Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ɉɥɚɜɚɧɢɟ : ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨ-ɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɚ /
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɚɲɤɢɧ, Ɉ.ɂ. ɉɨɩɨɜ, ȼ.ȼ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ. – Ɇ. : ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ, 2004. – 216 ɫ.
9. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜ, Ʌ. ɉ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ / Ʌ.ɉ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜ. – Ɇ. :
Ɏɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ, 1965. – 244 ɫ.
10. Ɇɟɟɪɫɨɧ, Ɏ. Ɂ. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ / Ɏ.Ɂ. Ɇɟɟɪɫɨɧ,
Ɇ.Ƚ. ɉɲɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ. – Ɇ. : Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ, 1988. – 256 ɫ., ɢɥ.
11. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, ɋ. ȿ. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ / ɋ.ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ. – Ɇ. : ɉɚɪɭɫɚ, 2000. – 282 ɫ.
12. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ɇ. ɉɭɬɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɸɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ / Ɍ.ɇ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, ɋ.ȿ.
ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, ɉ.ȼ. ɘɲɢɧɚ // Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɥɨɜɰɨɜ : ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. – Ɇ. : ɊȽɍɎɄɋɆɢɌ, 2011. – ɋ. 112-117.
13. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, ɋ. ȿ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ / ɋ.ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, Ɍ.ɇ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ // Ɇɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ : ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɬɟɣ II ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ (25 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ
2013 ɝ.) – Ɍɨɦ I / [ɩɨɞ. ɪɟɞ. Ƚ. ȼ. Ȼɭɝɚɟɜɚ, ɂ. ȿ. ɉɨɩɨɜɨɣ]. – ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ : ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
«ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ», 2013. – ɋ. 85-89.
14. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, ɋ. ȿ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ «ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ». Ƚɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ «ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ» / ɋ.ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɋ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ // Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ IV ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ (ɫ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ)
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɋɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ. ɋɨɱɢ-2013», 19-22 ɢɸɧɹ 2013 ɝɨɞɚ / ɉɨɞ. ɨɛɳ. ɪɟɞ.
Ɇ. ɉ. Ȼɟɪɞɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ, ɋ. ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ – ɋɨɱɢ, 2013. - ɋ. 100-103.
15. ɋɟɥɶɟ, Ƚ. Ɉɱɟɪɤɢ ɨɛ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɟ / Ƚ. ɋɟɥɶɟ. - Ɇ. : Ɇɟɞɝɢɡ, 1960.
16. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ / ɋ. ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, Ɍ. ɇ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ – ɆɈ, ɓɟɥɤɨɜɨ : ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶ
Ɇɚɪɯɨɬɢɧ ɉ. ɘ., 2011. – 344 ɫ., ɢɥ.
17. Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ : ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɭɡɨɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ / ɋ. ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ; ɆȽȺɎɄ. – Ɇɚɥɚɯɨɜɤɚ, 2010. – 88 ɫ.
18. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɚɠɟɪɚ «RapidShot» ɜ ɛɪɨɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɯɨɤɤɟɢɫɬɨɜ :
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɧɟɪɨɜ / Ⱦ. Ɋ. ɑɟɪɟɧɤɨɜ, Ⱥ. ɋ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. ɉ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ, ɋ. ȿ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ – ɆɈ,
ɓɟɥɤɨɜɨ : ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɨɧɬɨɉɪɢɧɬ», 2011. – 52 ɫ., ɢɥ.
19. əɤɨɜɥɟɜ, ɇ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ, ɧɚɞɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ /- ɇ. əɤɨɜɥɟɜ // Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ
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20. Bondarchuk, A. P. Transfer of training in sports / A.P. Bondarchuk. - M. : UAC, 2007. - 218 p.
31. Bondarchuk A. P. Transfer of training in sports (Vol.2) /A.P. Bondarchuk - M. : UAC, 2010. – 166 p.
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