ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɂ ɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɅȿɋɈɁȺȽɈɌɈȼɈɄ II.

II. ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɂ ɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɅȿɋɈɁȺȽɈɌɈȼɈɄ
ɍȾɄ 630*37
Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱ Ʌɨɠɧɢɤ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ
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ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɉɈȼɕɒȿɇɂȿ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ
ɅȿɋɈɁȺȽɈɌɈȼɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂə
ɁȺ ɋɑȿɌ ȼɇȿȾɊȿɇɂə
ɆɇɈȽɈɋɌɍɉȿɇɑȺɌɈɃ ȼɕȼɈɁɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
Ɇɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɚ, ɬɢɩ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ.
Multistage removal, type of locality by terms of humidification, soil terms.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɟɫɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɦ
ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ: ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɪɨɝ.
Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɩ ɥɟɫɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ
ɥɟɫɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ
ɥɟɫɨɜɨɞ, ɛɨɬɚɧɢɤ, ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮ Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɥɟɫɚ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɥ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
58
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɥɟɫɚ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɬɚɣɝɢ ɢ ɞɪ.). ɉɪɢ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɬɚɤɨɣ
ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ: ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ. ɍɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɢɩɵ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ [1]. ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ɏ. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɥɟɫɨɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɟɫɨɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɟɫɚ
1. Ʌɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɚɹ
2. Ȼɪɭɫɧɢɱɧɚɹ
3. Ʉɢɫɥɢɱɧɚɹ
4. Ⱦɨɥɝɨɦɨɲɧɚɹ
5. ɑɟɪɧɢɱɧɚɹ
6. ɋɮɚɝɧɨɜɚɹ
7. Ɍɪɚɜɹɧɨ-ɛɨɥɨɬɧɚɹ
ɌɍɆ
Ⱥ1
Ⱥ2
ȼ2
ȼ2
ɋ2
ȼ3
ȼ3
ȼ2
ȼ2
Ⱥ5
Ⱥ5
ȼ5
Ɍɢɩ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɉɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ
ɉɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ
ɋɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ
ɋɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ
ɋɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ
ɉɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ
ɋɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣ
ɋɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ
ɂɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɶ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɡɠɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɚ ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ [2]. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ. Ʉɚɤ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɨɫɟɜɵɯ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ «A» – ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɟɜɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 6–10 ɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨ59
ɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ I–III ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ IV ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ, ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ
ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɞ ɨɫɟɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ 10 ɬ.
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ «Ȼ» – ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɟɜɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 6 ɬ. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ. ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ
ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ (ɋɇɢɉ 2.05.07–91 «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ»).
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ
ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɭɸ
ɜɵɜɨɡɤɭ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ – ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ. Ƚɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ
ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɫɩɭɬɢɰɵ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɟɡɞɚɦɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ (ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ) ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɜɨɡɤɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɥɟɝɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɟɡɞɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɡɢɦɧɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ ɤ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɚɜɬɨɞɨɪɨɝɚɦ [4].
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɦɵɯ (ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ) [3]. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɬɢɩɚɯ ɥɟɫɚ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ
ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ, ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ȼ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɱɬɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ
ɜɵɜɨɡɤɭ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ (), ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɦɢ ɚɜɬɨ60
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ, ɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ –
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ.
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ:
 L(1   )

 L

 t prt  QL(1   )
Ɇ i  2  t prl  QL M j  2

Vj
 Vi




 K i Lki 
Ɂ
(T  t pzl )Qi L
(T  t pzt )Q j L(1   )
 K j L(1   )k j  CɩQ  min,
ɝɞɟ ɋi, Cj – ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ, ɪɭɛ./ɦ³ɤɦ; Q – ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ, ɦ³; L – ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɨɬ ɥɟɫɨɫɟɤɢ ɞɨ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚ, ɤɦ;  – ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ
ɥɟɝɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɚɦɢ; Cɩ – ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɪɭɛ./ɦ³;
Ki, Kj – ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ 1 ɤɦ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɪɭɛ./ɤɦ; ki, kj – ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ; i, j – ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ;
Mi, Mj – ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɦɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɪɭɛ.; T – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɦɟɧɵ, ɱ; tpzl, tpzt – ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ, ɱ;
tprl, tprt – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ-ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ, ɱ; Qi, Qj – ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ, ɦ³; Vi, Vj – ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ, ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ:
1. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ  ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɹ 0 ɢɥɢ 1, ɬɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ:
  0 ɢɥɢ   1  Cn  0.
2. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
(ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ 52302–2004 «Ⱥɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ»):
Q  150 ɬɵɫ. ɦ³  V = 40 ɤɦ/ɱ;
Q 151–500 ɬɵɫ. ɦ³  V = 50 ɤɦ/ɱ;
Q 501–1000 ɬɵɫ. ɦ³  V = 60 ɤɦ/ɱ;
Q  1000 ɬɵɫ. ɦ³  V = 70 ɤɦ/ɱ.
3. Ʉɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ:
Ki = f(Q), Kj = f(Q).
61
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ, ɬɨ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ. ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ʉɚɤ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ: ɩɪɹɦɚɹ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹ ɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚ ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ
ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢ
ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɟ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ 1 ɦ³ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜɵɜɟɡɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Gnuplot (ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ- ɢ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ).
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ 1 ɦ³ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɭ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ 1 ɦ3
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ (ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɩɚɞ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ) ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɟɫɚ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ –
ɛɟɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟ-ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ
ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ.
62
ɚ)
ɛ)
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ 1 ɦ³ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ
ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ:
ɚ) 1 ɬɢɩ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɝɪɭɧɬ – ɩɟɫɨɤ;
ɛ) 2 ɬɢɩ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɝɪɭɧɬ – ɫɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ
63
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ 1 ɦ³ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ,
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɂɡ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɚɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ 1 ɦ³ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ ɫɨ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ. ɋ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɭ 1 ɦ³ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
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Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ɍɱɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɋɟɥɶɯɨɡɝɢɡ,
1930. – ɋ. 11–20.
2. ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɏ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ʌɟɫɧ. ɩɪɨɦ-ɫɬɶ,
1980. – ɋ. 22–25.
3. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɉ.ɇ. Ʉɨɪɨɛɨɜ. – ɋɉɛ.: ȾɇɄ, 2003. – ɋ. 15–17.
4. Ⱦɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɚɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɚ ɥɟɫɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɪɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.ȼ. Ƚɨɪɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɢɣ. – Ɇ.: Ʌɟɫɧ. ɩɪɨɦ-ɫɬɶ. – ȼɵɩ. 8, 1984. – ɋ. 11–13.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɟɫɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ,
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ: ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ
ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɪɨɝ. Ɉɞɧɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɩ ɥɟɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɧɨ ɫɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɭɸ ɜɵɜɨɡɤɭ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ƚɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ
ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ.
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Efficiency of logging enterprise depends on rational placement of wood transport
tracks in exploited massif, quality of construction, maintenance and repair of forest
roads, arguments in selection of rolling-stock, wood hauling control system. Many
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factors must be taken in account during building and placing the roads: technological,
ecological, and economic. Each of the factor influence both on the quality of building
road and investment during the road construction. One of the most important factors
exerting influence on cost reduction during building and placing roads are soil terms
and type of forest. When building and placing forest road it should be concentrated a
special attention on vehicle selection. Optimal choice of vehicle may allow minimizing
wood hauling costs which will have a beneficial effect on bankroll of logging
enterprise. Considering different conditions of the forest roads building, absence of
local road constructional materials, it is appropriate to use a multistage removal of
wood. Flexibility of multistage technology allows using it in areas with different
bearing resistance.
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