ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) (13) 2 247 875 C2 F 15 B 15/10 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2002116320/06, 17.06.2002 (72) Àâòîð(û): Ìàðòè À.Í. (RU) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 17.06.2003 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(ëè): Ìàðòè Àëåêñàíäð Íèêîëàåâè÷ (RU) (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 20.12.2003 R U (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 10.03.2005 Áþë. ¹ 7 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 R U (54) ÌÅÕÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÌÛØÖÀ (57) Ðåôåðàò: Ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà ïðåäíàçíà÷åíà äë ïðåîáðàçîâàíè âíóòðåííåé ýíåðãèè ýíåðãîíîñèòåë â ìåõàíè÷åñêîå äâèæåíèå òåõíè÷åñêèõ îáúåêòîâ ñ èçìåí þùèìèñ èíåðöèîííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè. Ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà ñîäåðæèò ïðèñîåäèíèòåëüíûå ýëåìåíòû è çàïîëíåííóþ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåì ýëàñòè÷íóþ îáîëî÷êó, âûïîëíåííóþ ñ àðìèðîâàíèåì â ïîïåðå÷íîì è ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ãèáêèìè íåðàñò æèìûìè íèò ìè, ïðè÷åì àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè â ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèì ïîïåðå÷íîå äåôîðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè áåç ïîòåðè ãåðìåòè÷íîñòè, à àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè â ïîïåðå÷íîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, âûáðàííûì èç óñëîâè îáåñïå÷åíè ìàêñèìàëüíîãî óêîðî÷åíè îáîëî÷êè ïðè îäíîâðåìåííîì ñíèæåíèè ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàçìåðà, ðàñõîäà ýíåðãîíîñèòåë è ïîâûøåíè áûñòðîäåéñòâè , ïðè ýòîì ïðîäîëüíîå àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè âûïîëíåíî ïîñëîéíûì, ïðè÷åì ðàçãðóçî÷íî-àíòèôðèêöèîííûé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç íåïðåðûâíûõ, âçàèìíî ïåðåêðåùåííûõ íèòåé, âèíòîâûì îáðàçîì óëîæåííûõ íà ïîâåðõíîñòè îáîëî÷êè, ïðè÷åì øàã âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ðàâåí ïðåäûäóùåìó, íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíî ïðåäûäóùåìó, íèòè ñëîåâ íå ñâ çàíû ìåæäó ñîáîé è îáðàçóþò ìåæñëîéíûå ðîìáè÷åñêèå ÷åéêè, äèàãîíàëè êîòîðûõ ñîèçìåðèìû ñ âåëè÷èíîé äåôîðìàöèè îáîëî÷êè â îñåâîì è äèàìåòðàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ïîä ðîìáè÷åñêîé ÷åéêîé, ïðè ýòîì íèòè ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ñìåùåíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íèòåé ïðåäûäóùåãî ñëî , èìåþùåãî òî æå íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè, ïðè÷åì íèòè êàæäîãî ñëî çàôèêñèðîâàíû îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû, îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè, à äëèíà îñåâîé ïðîåêöèè íèòåé ïðåâûøàåò äëèíó îáîëî÷êè, ñèëîâîé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç ïðîäîëüíî îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ íèòåé, çàôèêñèðîâàííûõ îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû, îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè, ïðè ýòîì àäàïòåðû ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ìûøöû ñîäåðæàò äâå ñîîñíûå ïîâåðõíîñòè äë ðàçäåëüíîãî êðåïëåíè îáîëî÷êè è íèòåé àðìèðîâàíè , ïðè÷åì ïîâåðõíîñòè ðàçäåëåíû êîëüöåâûì ïðèëèâîì, âûñîòà êîòîðîãî îòíîñèòåëüíî ïîâåðõíîñòè äë êðåïëåíè îáîëî÷êè ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òîëùèíå ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè, à ñàìè àäàïòåðû, ëèáî èõ âíåøí ïîâåðõíîñòü âûïîëíåíû èç ýëåêòðîèçîë öèîííîãî ìàòåðèàëà è ñîäåðæàò äàò÷èêè äàâëåíè ðàáî÷åãî òåëà è âçàèìíîãî ïåðåìåùåíè àäàïòåðîâ. Êðîìå òîãî, çàùèòíî-äåêîðàòèâíûé ñëîé ìîæåò áûòü âûïîëíåí èç íåïðåðûâíûõ íèòåé, âèíòîâûì îáðàçîì óëîæåííûõ íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ìûøöû, ïðè÷åì øàã âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ðàâåí ïðåäûäóùåìó, íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè Ñòðàíèöà: 1 RU C 2 C 2 Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 355020, ã.Ñòàâðîïîëü, óë. Îáúåçäíà , 5-"Á", êâ.12, À.Í. Ìàðòè 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: RU 2137950 C1, 20.09.1999. SU 1622659 A1, 23.01.1991. ÅÐ 0146261 À1, 26.05.1985. ÅÐ 0161750 À1, 21.11.1985. ÅÐ 0209828 À2, 28.01.1987. íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíî ïðåäûäóùåìó, íèòè ñëîåâ íå ñâ çàíû ìåæäó ñîáîé è îáðàçóþò ìåæñëîéíûå ðîìáè÷åñêèå ÷åéêè, ïðè ýòîì íèòè ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ñìåùåíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íèòåé ïðåäûäóùåãî ñëî , èìåþùåãî òî æå íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè, ïðè÷åì íèòè êàæäîãî ñëî çàôèêñèðîâàíû îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû, îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè. Òåõíè÷åñêèé ðåçóëüòàò - ïîâûøåíèå íàäåæíîñòè. 1 ç.ï. ô-ëû. R U R U 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 C 2 C 2 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 Ñòðàíèöà: 2 RUSSIAN FEDERATION (19) RU (51) Int. Cl. 7 (11) (13) 2 247 875 C2 F 15 B 15/10 FEDERAL SERVICE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS (12) ABSTRACT OF INVENTION (21), (22) Application: 2002116320/06, 17.06.2002 (72) Inventor(s): Marti A.N. (RU) (24) Effective date for property rights: 17.06.2003 (73) Proprietor(s): Marti Aleksandr Nikolaevich (RU) (43) Application published: 20.12.2003 R U (45) Date of publication: 10.03.2005 Bull. 7 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 R U previous layer having the same direction of a step of the helical laying. The filaments of each layer are fixed concerning to adapters of the muscle separately from the shell and the length of an axial projection of the filaments exceeds the length of the shell, the energy layer is made out of the longitudinally oriented filaments fixed in respect to the adapters of the muscle and separately from the shell. At that the adapters of the mechanic muscle contain two coaxial surfaces for a separate fixation of the shell and the reinforcing filaments. At that the surfaces are partitioned by a ring-type boss, the height of which concerning to a surface for fixation of the shell corresponds to the thickness of the elastic shell. The adapters themselves or their external surface are made out of an electrical insulating material and contain gauges to control the working medium pressure and mutual motion of the adapters. Besides a decorative protective layer may be made out of the continuous filaments helically laid on the surface of the muscle. At that a step of a helical laying of the filaments of the next layer is equal to the previous step and direction of the step of the helical laying of the filaments of the next layer is counter-directional to the previous one. The filaments of the layers are not connected to each other and form the inter-layer rhombic cells. At that the filaments of a next layer are shifted to the filaments of the previous layer having the same direction of the step of the helical laying. And the filaments of each layer are fixed concerning to the adapters of the muscle and separately from the shell. The technical result is increased reliability. EFFECT: the invention ensures an increase of reliability of operation of the mechanical muscle. Ñòðàíèöà: 3 EN C 2 (54) MECHANICAL MUSCLE (57) Abstract: FIELD: devices for transformation of intrinsic energy of an energy carrier into mechanic motion of technical objects. SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a mechanic muscle intended for transformation of intrinsic energy of an energy carrier into mechanic motion of technical objects with variable inertial parameters. The mechanic muscle contains some connecting elements and a filled in with energy carrier elastic shell reinforced in transversal and longitudinal directions by flexible non-expandable filaments. At that reinforcement in the longitudinal direction is made with a step ensuring a transversal deformation of the shell without a loss of leakproofness and reinforcement of the shell in the transversal direction is made with a step selected from conditions of provision of maximum shortening of an shell at simultaneous decrease of its transversal size, consumption of the energy carrier and increased response speed. At that the longitudinal reinforcement of the elastic shell is made layer-by-layer. And the discharge-antifriction layer is made out of continuous mutually crossing filaments helically laid on the shell surface. At that a step of the helical laying of the filaments of a next layer is equal to the previous one. Direction of a helical laying of the filaments of the next layer is a counter-directional to a previous one. Filaments of the layers are not linked among themselves and from interlayer rhombic cells, which diagonals are commensurable with value of deformation of the shell in an axial and in diametrical directions under a rhombic cell. At that the filaments of the next layer are shifted concerning to the filaments of the 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 C 2 Mail address: 355020, g.Stavropol', ul. Ob"ezdnaja, 5-"B", kv.12, A.N. Marti C 2 C 2 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 2 2 4 7 8 7 5 R U R U 2 cl Ñòðàíèöà: 4 RU 2 247 875 C2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ê óïðàâë åìûì ïðèâîäàì è ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äë ïðåîáðàçîâàíè âíóòðåííåé ýíåðãèè ýíåðãîíîñèòåë â ìåõàíè÷åñêîå äâèæåíèå òåõíè÷åñêèõ îáúåêòîâ ñ èçìåí þùèìèñ èíåðöèîííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè. Èçâåñòåí èñïîëíèòåëüíûé ìåõàíèçì îñåâîãî ñæàòè , ñîäåðæàùèé çàïîëíåííóþ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåì ýëàñòè÷íóþ îáîëî÷êó, âûïîëíåííóþ ñ àðìèðîâàíèåì. ÅÐ 0146261 A1 (KUKOLI MIRKO), 26.05.85. Íåäîñòàòêîì äàííîãî óñòðîéñòâà âë åòñ îòñóòñòâèå ïîïåðå÷íîãî àðìèðîâàíè â âèäå ãèáêèõ íåðàñò æèìûõ íèòåé. Èçâåñòíà ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà, ñîäåðæàùà çàïîëíåííóþ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåì ýëàñòè÷íóþ îáîëî÷êó, âûïîëíåííóþ ñ àðìèðîâàíèåì â ïîïåðå÷íîì íàïðàâëåíèè, ïàðàëëåëüíî îðèåíòèðîâàííûìè â ýòîì íàïðàâëåíèè ýëåìåíòàìè. SU 1622659 A1 (ÂÍÈÈ ÌÅÒÈÇÍÎÉ ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ), 23.01.91. Íåäîñòàòêîì äàííîãî óñòðîéñòâà âë åòñ îòñóòñòâèå àðìèðîâàíè â ïðîäîëüíîì è ïîïåðå÷íîì íàïðàâëåíè õ â âèäå ãèáêèõ íåðàñò æèìûõ íèòåé. Èçâåñòåí ïðèâîä MAS íà îñíîâå “Fluidic muscle MAS” àâñòðèéñêîãî êîíöåðíà FESTO. “Fluidic muscle” ñîäåðæèò ýëàñòè÷íóþ îáîëî÷êó, àðìèðîâàííóþ âíóòðè ðîìáè÷åñêîé ñåòêîé (ñì. ïðèëàãàåìûå ìàòåðèàëû, à òàêæå èíôîðìàöèþ íà ht^/www.festo.com/fluidicmuscle). Ê íåäîñòàòêàì èçâåñòíîãî óñòðîéñòâà îòíîñèòñ ìàëûé ðàáî÷èé õîä, áîëüøèå äåôîðìàöèè ìàòåðèàëà îáîëî÷êè â ÷åéêàõ ðîìáè÷åñêîé ñåòè, ìàëûé èíòåðâàë ðàáî÷èõ òåìïåðàòóð. Íàèáîëåå áëèçêèì ê ïðåäëàãàåìîìó ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëþ âë åòñ ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà. RU 2137950, 6 F 15 B 11/10, àâòîðû Âîä íèê Ã.Ì., Âîä íèê À.Ã., Öèáèçîâ À.Í. îò 16.07.98. Áþë. ¹7). Èçâåñòíà ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà ñîäåðæèò ïðèñîåäèíèòåëüíûå ýëåìåíòû è çàïîëíåííóþ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåì ýëàñòè÷íóþ îáîëî÷êó, âûïîëíåííóþ ñ àðìèðîâàíèåì â ïîïåðå÷íîì è ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè, ïàðàëëåëüíî îðèåíòèðîâàííûìè ãèáêèìè íåðàñò æèìûìè íèò ìè. Àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè â ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèì ïîïåðå÷íîå äåôîðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè áåç ïîòåðè ãåðìåòè÷íîñòè. Àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè â ïîïåðå÷íîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, âûáðàííûì èç óñëîâè îáåñïå÷åíè ìàêñèìàëüíîãî óêîðî÷åíè îáîëî÷êè ïðè îäíîâðåìåííîì ñíèæåíèè ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàçìåðà, ðàñõîäà ýíåðãîíîñèòåë è ïîâûøåíè áûñòðîäåéñòâè . Ê íåäîñòàòêàì èçâåñòíîãî óñòðîéñòâà îòíîñèòñ íåñîãëàñîâàííîñòü âåëè÷èí ïîïåðå÷íîé è ïðîäîëüíîé äåôîðìàöèè âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè ñ íèò ìè ñèëîâîãî àðìèðîâàíè . Îòñóòñòâèå òàêîé ñîãëàñîâàííîñòè ïðèâîäèò ê îáðàçîâàíèþ çîí çàêðåïëåíè ìàòåðèàëà âíåøíåãî ñëî ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè ïîä íèò ìè ñèëîâîãî àðìèðîâàíè , ÷òî â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü ïðèâîäèò ê ñåãìåíòàöèè âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè îáîëî÷êè è íåðàâíîìåðíîìó ðàñïðåäåëåíèþ íàïð æåíèé â ìàòåðèàëå ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè. Òåõíè÷åñêîé çàäà÷åé, íà ðåøåíèå êîòîðîé íàïðàâëåíî èçîáðåòåíèå, âë åòñ ñîçäàíèå óñëîâèé äë ðàâíîìåðíîãî äåôîðìèðîâàíè ìàòåðèàëà îáîëî÷êè. Äë ÷åãî íåîáõîäèìî èñêëþ÷èòü íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæäó âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè è íèò ìè ñèëîâîãî àðìèðîâàíè . Ìåõàíèçìîì ðàçäåëåíè âë åòñ ðàçãðóçî÷íî-àíòèôðèêöèîííûé ñëîé, êîòîðûé îáåñïå÷èâàåò ñîãëàñîâàíèå âåëè÷èí ïîïåðå÷íîé è ïðîäîëüíîé äåôîðìàöèè ìàòåðèàëà íà âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè ñ ðàçìåðàìè ïîïåðå÷íîãî è ïðîäîëüíîãî òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíè äèàãîíàëåé ðîìáè÷åñêèõ ÷ååê ðàçãðóçî÷íî-àíòèôðèêöèîííîãî ñëî .  ýòîì ñëó÷àå îáåñïå÷èâàåòñ ôèçè÷åñêîå ðàçäåëåíèå âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè è íèòåé ñèëîâîãî àðìèðîâàíè . Äë äîñòèæåíè ïîñòàâëåííîé çàäà÷è ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà ñîäåðæèò ïðèñîåäèíèòåëüíûå ýëåìåíòû è çàïîëíåííóþ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåì ýëàñòè÷íóþ îáîëî÷êó, âûïîëíåííóþ ñ àðìèðîâàíèåì â ïîïåðå÷íîì è ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ãèáêèìè íåðàñò æèìûìè íèò ìè. Àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè â ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèì ïîïåðå÷íîå äåôîðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè áåç ïîòåðè ãåðìåòè÷íîñòè. Àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè â ïîïåðå÷íîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, âûáðàííûì èç Ñòðàíèöà: 5 DE RU 2 247 875 C2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 óñëîâè îáåñïå÷åíè ìàêñèìàëüíîãî óêîðî÷åíè îáîëî÷êè ïðè îäíîâðåìåííîì ñíèæåíèè ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàçìåðà, ðàñõîäà ýíåðãîíîñèòåë è ïîâûøåíè áûñòðîäåéñòâè . Ïðîäîëüíîå àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè âûïîëíåíî ïîñëîéíûì. Ðàçãðóçî÷íî-àíòèôðèêöèîííûé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç íåïðåðûâíûõ, âçàèìíî ïåðåêðåùåííûõ íèòåé, âèíòîâûì îáðàçîì óëîæåííûõ íà ïîâåðõíîñòè îáîëî÷êè. Øàã âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ðàâåí ïðåäûäóùåìó, íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíî ïðåäûäóùåìó. Íèòè ñëîåâ íå ñâ çàíû ìåæäó ñîáîé è îáðàçóþò ìåæñëîéíûå ðîìáè÷åñêèå ÷åéêè, äèàãîíàëè êîòîðûõ ñîèçìåðèìû ñ âåëè÷èíîé äåôîðìàöèè îáîëî÷êè â îñåâîì è äèàìåòðàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ïîä ðîìáè÷åñêîé ÷åéêîé. Íèòè ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ñìåùåíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íèòåé ïðåäûäóùåãî ñëî , èìåþùåãî òî æå íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè, ïðè÷åì íèòè êàæäîãî ñëî çàôèêñèðîâàíû îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû, îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè. Äëèíà îñåâîé ïðîåêöèè íèòåé ïðåâûøàåò äëèíó îáîëî÷êè. Ñèëîâîé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç ïðîäîëüíî îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ íèòåé, çàôèêñèðîâàííûõ îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû, îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè. Àäàïòåðû ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ìûøöû ñîäåðæàò äâå ñîîñíûå ïîâåðõíîñòè äë ðàçäåëüíîãî êðåïëåíè îáîëî÷êè è íèòåé àðìèðîâàíè , ïðè÷åì ïîâåðõíîñòè ðàçäåëåíû êîëüöåâûì ïðèëèâîì, âûñîòà êîòîðîãî îòíîñèòåëüíî ïîâåðõíîñòè äë êðåïëåíè îáîëî÷êè ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òîëùèíå ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè. Àäàïòåðû ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ìûøöû, ëèáî èõ âíåøí ïîâåðõíîñòü âûïîëíåíû èõ ýëåêòðîèçîë öèîííîãî ìàòåðèàëà è ñîäåðæàò äàò÷èêè äàâëåíè ðàáî÷åãî òåëà è âçàèìíîãî ïåðåìåùåíè àäàïòåðîâ. Çàùèòíî-äåêîðàòèâíûé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç íåïðåðûâíûõ íèòåé, âèíòîâûì îáðàçîì óëîæåííûõ íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ìûøöû, ïðè÷åì øàã âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ðàâåí ïðåäûäóùåìó, íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíî ïðåäûäóùåìó. Íèòè ñëîåâ íå ñâ çàíû ìåæäó ñîáîé è îáðàçóþò ìåæñëîéíûå ðîìáè÷åñêèå ÷åéêè, ïðè ýòîì íèòè ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ñìåùåíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íèòåé ïðåäûäóùåãî ñëî , èìåþùåãî òî æå íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè. Ïðè÷åì íèòè êàæäîãî ñëî çàôèêñèðîâàíû îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû, îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè. Ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà ðàáîòàåò ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì. Ïðè óâåëè÷åíèè âíóòðåííåé ýíåðãèè ýíåðãîíîñèòåë ëþáûì èçâåñòíûì ñïîñîáîì (çà ñ÷åò íàãðåâà, õèìè÷åñêîé ðåàêöèè, óâåëè÷åíè êîëè÷åñòâà è ò.ä.) ýëàñòè÷íà îáîëî÷êà íà÷èíàåò äåôîðìèðîâàòüñ . Âîçíèêàþùèå óñèëè âîñïðèíèìàþòñ íèò ìè ïðîäîëüíîãî è ïîïåðå÷íîãî àðìèðîâàíè , ÷òî ïðåäïîëàãàåò óïðàâë åìîå äåôîðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì ãîôð. Îáðàçîâàíèå ãîôð ïî äëèíå ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ìûøöû îáóñëàâëèâàåò åå ëèíåéíîå óêîðî÷åíèå (ñîêðàùåíèå). Äë èñêëþ÷åíè íåïîñðåäñòâåííîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâè ìåæäó âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè è íèò ìè ñèëîâîãî àðìèðîâàíè ââåäåí ðàçãðóçî÷íî-àíòèôðèêöèîííûé ñëîé. Îí îáåñïå÷èâàåò ñîãëàñîâàíèå âåëè÷èí ïîïåðå÷íîé è ïðîäîëüíîé äåôîðìàöèè ìàòåðèàëà íà âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè ñ ðàçìåðàìè ïîïåðå÷íîãî è ïðîäîëüíîãî òðàíñôîðìèðîâàíè äèàãîíàëåé ðîìáè÷åñêèõ ÷ååê ðàçãðóçî÷íî-àíòèôðèêöèîííîãî ñëî .  ýòîì ñëó÷àå îáåñïå÷èâàåòñ ôèçè÷åñêîå ðàçäåëåíèå âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè è íèòåé ñèëîâîãî àðìèðîâàíè è ðàâíîìåðíà äåôîðìàöè ìàòåðèàëà ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè áåç îáðàçîâàíè çîí ñ íóëåâîé äåôîðìàöèåé ïîä íèò ìè ñèëîâîãî àðìèðîâàíè . Òàêèì îáðàçîì, çà âëåííîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ïîçâîë åò îáåñïå÷èòü ðàâíîìåðíîå äåôîðìèðîâàíèå ìàòåðèàëà îáîëî÷êè è êîíñòðóêòèâíî íå îãðàíè÷åííûé ðåñóðñ èçäåëè . Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà, ñîäåðæàùà ïðèñîåäèíèòåëüíûå ýëåìåíòû è çàïîëíåííóþ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåì ýëàñòè÷íóþ îáîëî÷êó, âûïîëíåííóþ ñ àðìèðîâàíèåì â ïîïåðå÷íîì è ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ãèáêèìè íåðàñò æèìûìè íèò ìè, ïðè÷åì àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè Ñòðàíèöà: 6 CL RU 2 247 875 C2 5 10 15 20 25 30 â ïðîäîëüíîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèì ïîïåðå÷íîå äåôîðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè áåç ïîòåðè ãåðìåòè÷íîñòè, à àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè â ïîïåðå÷íîì íàïðàâëåíèè âûïîëíåíî ñ øàãîì, âûáðàííûì èç óñëîâè îáåñïå÷åíè ìàêñèìàëüíîãî óêîðî÷åíè îáîëî÷êè ïðè îäíîâðåìåííîì ñíèæåíèè ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàçìåðà, ðàñõîäà ýíåðãîíîñèòåë è ïîâûøåíè áûñòðîäåéñòâè , îòëè÷àþùà ñ , òåì, ÷òî ïðîäîëüíîå àðìèðîâàíèå îáîëî÷êè âûïîëíåíî ïîñëîéíûì, ïðè÷åì ðàçãðóçî÷íî-àíòèôðèêöèîííûé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç íåïðåðûâíûõ âçàèìíî ïåðåêðåùåííûõ íèòåé, âèíòîâûì îáðàçîì óëîæåííûõ íà ïîâåðõíîñòè îáîëî÷êè, ïðè÷åì øàã âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ðàâåí ïðåäûäóùåìó, íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíî ïðåäûäóùåìó, íèòè ñëîåâ íå ñâ çàíû ìåæäó ñîáîé è îáðàçóþò ìåæñëîéíûå ðîìáè÷åñêèå ÷åéêè, äèàãîíàëè êîòîðûõ ñîèçìåðèìû ñ âåëè÷èíîé äåôîðìàöèè îáîëî÷êè â îñåâîì è äèàìåòðàëüíîì íàïðàâëåíè õ ïîä ðîìáè÷åñêîé ÷åéêîé, ïðè ýòîì íèòè ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ñìåùåíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íèòåé ïðåäûäóùåãî ñëî , èìåþùåãî òî æå íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè, ïðè÷åì íèòè êàæäîãî ñëî çàôèêñèðîâàíû îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè, à äëèíà îñåâîé ïðîåêöèè íèòåé ïðåâûøàåò äëèíó îáîëî÷êè, ñèëîâîé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç ïðîäîëüíî îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ íèòåé, çàôèêñèðîâàííûõ îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè, ïðè ýòîì àäàïòåðû ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ìûøöû ñîäåðæàò äâå ñîîñíûå ïîâåðõíîñòè äë ðàçäåëüíîãî êðåïëåíè îáîëî÷êè è íèòåé àðìèðîâàíè , ïðè÷åì ïîâåðõíîñòè ðàçäåëåíû êîëüöåâûì ïðèëèâîì, âûñîòà êîòîðîãî îòíîñèòåëüíî ïîâåðõíîñòè äë êðåïëåíè îáîëî÷êè ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òîëùèíå ýëàñòè÷íîé îáîëî÷êè, à ñàìè àäàïòåðû ëèáî èõ âíåøí ïîâåðõíîñòü âûïîëíåíû èç ýëåêòðîèçîë öèîííîãî ìàòåðèàëà è ñîäåðæàò äàò÷èêè äàâëåíè ðàáî÷åãî òåëà è âçàèìíîãî ïåðåìåùåíè àäàïòåðîâ. 2. Ìåõàíè÷åñêà ìûøöà ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùà ñ , òåì, ÷òî çàùèòíî-äåêîðàòèâíûé ñëîé âûïîëíåí èç íåïðåðûâíûõ íèòåé, âèíòîâûì îáðàçîì óëîæåííûõ íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ìûøöû, ïðè÷åì øàã âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ðàâåí ïðåäûäóùåìó, íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè íèòåé ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíî ïðåäûäóùåìó, íèòè ñëîåâ íå ñâ çàíû ìåæäó ñîáîé è îáðàçóþò ìåæñëîéíûå ðîìáè÷åñêèå ÷åéêè, ïðè ýòîì íèòè ïîñëåäóþùåãî ñëî ñìåùåíû îòíîñèòåëüíî íèòåé ïðåäûäóùåãî ñëî , èìåþùåãî òî æå íàïðàâëåíèå øàãà âèíòîâîé óêëàäêè, ïðè÷åì íèòè êàæäîãî ñëî çàôèêñèðîâàíû îòíîñèòåëüíî àäàïòåðîâ ìûøöû îòäåëüíî îò îáîëî÷êè. 35 40 45 50 Ñòðàíèöà: 7