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Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ 14(2): 33í37 ɈɊɂȽɂɇȺɅɖɇȺə ɋɌȺɌɖə Ǫdzǰȇǵǰǭ ǹǶdzǭDZ ǺȇǮǭdzȃǽ ǴǭǺǨdzdzǶǪ ǵǨ ǨǵǺǰǩǰǶǺǰDzǶǷǸǶǬǻDzǺǰǪǵǶǹǺȄ ǷǸǶǩǰǶǺǰǿǭǹDzǰǽ ȀǺǨǴǴǶǪ ǩǨDzǺǭǸǰDZ ǸǶǬǨ BACILLUS Ǫ ǻǹdzǶǪǰȇǽ IN VITRO INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METAL SALTS ON ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTIVITY OF PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF THE GENUS BACILLUS IN VITRO ȿ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ. ɋɢɡɟɧɰɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɋ. ɉɪɨɲɤɚ E.A. Drozdova, A.N. Sizentsov, A.S. Proshka ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ» Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ, ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ, Bacillus, ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ. KEYWORDS: probiotics, antibiotics, Bacillus, antibiotic resistance, heavy metals. ɊȿɁɘɆȿ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ B.subtilis 534. ABSTRACT. The article presents results of heavy metals effect on antibiotic productivity of probiotic strains of the genus Bacillus in vitro. The obtained data testify positive influence of lead ions on B.subtilis 534 antibiotic productivity. ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ Ɇɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥ, ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ, ɠɢɪɵ, ɛɟɥɤɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɛɚɰɢɥɥɵ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɡɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɱɬɢ 200 ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ B.sublilis, B.licheniformis, B.pumilus, B.polymyxa, B.circulans, B.laterosporus, B.cereits, B.brevis ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɢɤɫɢɧɵ, ɛɚɰɢɬɪɚɰɢɧ, ɬɢɪɨɬɪɢɰɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫ, ɝɪɚɦɢɰɢɞɢɧ ɋ, ɫɭɛɬɢɥɢɧ, ɷɞɟɢɧ, ɦɢɤɪɨɛɚɰɢɥɥɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ. (ɑɭɱɚɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ., 2004). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɟ (ɉɨɯɢɥɟɧɤɨ, 2009). ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɉɨɪɬ-ɏɚɪɤɨɪɬ ɜ ɇɢɝɟɪɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (ɤɚɞɦɢɹ, ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɰɢɧɤɚ ɢ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ) ɬɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ (Bacillus, Staphilococcus ɢ Pseudomonas), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ B.subtilis, S.albus ɢ P.aeruginosa ɩɨɫɥɟ 24 ɱ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ: ɧɢɤɟɥɹ – ɞɨ 68,6, 58,4 ɢ 28,3 %; ɫɜɢɧɰɚ – ɞɨ 94,5, 85,7 ɢ 90,8 %; ɰɢɧɤɚ – ɞɨ 91,6, 68,1 ɢ 52,9 %; ɤɚɞɦɢɹ – ɞɨ 71,6, 72,1 ɢ 77,0 %. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɪɨɞ Bacillus (Green-Ruiz, 2006). ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɨɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ, ɦɟɞɶ, ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɢ ɰɢɧɤ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭ B.sphaericus ɢ B.ɫereus. Ɍɚɤ, B.sphaericus ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɨɧɵ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɦɟɞɢ, ɤɚɞɦɢɹ ɢ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɞɨ 0,76, 5,6, 4,3 ɢ 11,8 ɦɨɥɶ/ɝ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɚ B.ɫereus ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢ________________________ Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, 2013 34 ɜɚɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ 1,1, 5,9, 8,0 ɢ 4,6 ɦɨɥɶ/ɝ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (Montes, 2006; Waihung et al., 2007). Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (ɦɟɞɶ, ɰɢɧɤ) ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus (B.subtilis, B.cereus) ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ B.cereus ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɞɢ, ɚ B.subtilis – ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɰɢɧɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ B.clausii ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɨɧɵ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɚ B.megaterium ɢ B.sphaericus ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɨɧɵ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ, ɧɢɤɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɪɚɧɚ (Selenska-Pobell et al., 1999). Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɜɵɡɜɚɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ Bacillus ɜ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɧɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɤɚɤ B.coagulans, B.subtilis, B.clausii, B.cereus, B.toyoi, B.lichemiformis, B.mesentericus, B.polymyxa ɢ ɞɪ.(ɉɨɯɢɥɟɧɤɨ, 2009). ɉɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɢɞɵ Bacillus ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɥɥɨɯɬɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɟɞɚɧɢɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɢɳɭ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɥɥɟɪɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɢɦɦɭɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ (ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ, 2001; Ⱥɛɪɚɦɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ., 2011; ɋɢɡɟɧɰɨɜ, 2012). ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɚɧɬɢɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɫɚɦɨɷɥɟɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɚɦɢ (ɉɨɯɢɥɟɧɤɨ, 2009). ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus. ɆɂɄɊɈɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ȼ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȿ: ɈɊɂȽɂɇȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɋɌȺɌɖɂ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɕ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɪɢ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ: ɋɩɨɪɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɧ ɠɢɞɤɢɣ, Ȼɢɨɫɩɨɪɢɧ ɢ Ȼɚɤɬɢɫɭɛɬɢɥ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ Staphylococcus aureus ɢ Escherichia coli. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɥɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ: FeSO4·H2O – ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ZnSO4 – ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɰɢɧɤɚ, Pb(NO3)2 – ɧɢɬɪɚɬ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, MnSO4·H2O – ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ, CoSO4·7H2O – ɫɟɦɢɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɢ CdSO4·8H2O – ɜɨɫɶɦɢɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɤɚɞɦɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɢɧɟɰ, ɤɚɞɦɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ) ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ) ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɛɵɥ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɦ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɞɦɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ, ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɷɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ Ȼɢɨɫɩɨɪɢɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɜɚ ɲɬɚɦɦɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus (B.subtilis 534 ɢ B.licheniformis), ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɬɨɧɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɲɬɪɢɯɚ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ Ȼɢɨɫɩɨɪɢɧ (ɫɭɯɨɣ) ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɹɧ ɧɚ 1,5% ɦɹɫɨɩɟɩɬɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɚɪ (ɆɉȺ) ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɬɥɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɳɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɲɬɪɢɯɚ ɧɚ 4 ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ɑɚɲɤɚ ɉɟɬɪɢ ɧɚ 24 ɱ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ ɩɪɢ t = 37 qC. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɣ, ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɜɵ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɉɟɬɪɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɥɢɬɵɦ ɆɉȺ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɧɤɭɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 37 qɋ. ɉɟɪɟɫɟɜɵ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɲɤɚɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ B.subtilis ɢ B.licheniformis ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ȼɢɨɫɩɨɪɢɧɚ: ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɫɬ-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ («BioMerieux», Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ (ɆɉɄ) ɫɨɥɟɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɋɈɅȿɃ ɌəɀȿɅɕɏ ɆȿɌȺɅɅɈȼ ɇȺ ȺɇɌɂȻɂɈɌɂɄɈɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɉɊɈȻɂɈɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɒɌȺɆɆɈȼ ȻȺɄɌȿɊɂɃ ... ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɚɝɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɱɤɨɜ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɹɫɨ-ɩɟɩɬɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɚɪ ɢ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɛɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɜɟɪɥɨ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɵɫɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ «ɝɚɡɨɧɨɦ» ɜ ɱɚɲɤɟ ɉɟɬɪɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɆɉȺ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɢɧɤɭɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 72 ɱ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 37 qɋ. ɋɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɛɨɱɧɵɦ ɫɜɟɪɥɨɦ (ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ 2 ɫɦ) ɜɵɪɟɡɚɸɬ ɚɝɚɪɨɜɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɉɟɬɪɢ. ȼ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɠɟ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɆɉȺ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɛɵɥ ɧɚ 1,5 ɦɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɨɫɟɜ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ E.coli ɢ S.aureus. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɢɯ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ E.coli ɢ S.aureus. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɆɉɄ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɫɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ Ƚ.Ɏ. Ʌɚɤɢɧɭ (t-ɬɟɫɬ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ p < 0,05 ɩɪɢɧɢ- 35 ɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ). ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɂ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ. ɗɬɢɦ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɢ 2, ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɆɉɄ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus, ɦɵ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɲɬɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ, ɤɚɞɦɢɹ ɢ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ. Ɍɚɤɭɸ ɠɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɰɢɧɤɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ S.aureus, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɰɢɧɤɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɆɉɄ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɰɢɧɤɚ ɢ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ; ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ 36 ɆɂɄɊɈɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ȼ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȿ: ɈɊɂȽɂɇȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɋɌȺɌɖɂ Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɆɉɄ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɢ ɤɚɞɦɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ; ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ S.aureus Ɂɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ S.aureus, ɦɦ ɒɬɚɦɦ ɋɨɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ FeSO4 ZnSO4 Pb(NO3)2 MnSO4 CoSO4 CdSO4 B.subtilis 534 14,8 ± 0,6 13,2 ± 0,54** 9,3 ± 0,66* 17,16 ± 0,70 6,8 ± 0,47** 5,5 ± 0,56*** 3,6 ± 0,84*** B.ɫereus 13,3 ± 0,49 12,3 ± 0,61* 8,6 ± 0,33* 15,3 ± 0,666 B.subtilis 3 9,6 ± 0,714 8,5 ± 0,84** 8,2 ± 0,4** 12,8 ± 0,477 6,8 ± 0,47** B. licheniformis 11,5 ± 0,34 9,8 ± 0,54* 6,3 ± 0,42** 11,3 ± 1,358 5,8 ± 0,54*** 4,8 ± 0,54** 6,0 ± 0,60** 7 ± 0,36*** 5,5 ± 0,42*** 5,6 ± 0,66*** 4,6 ± 0,71* 4,8 ± 0,70** ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɱ ɚ ɧ ɢ ɟ : * ɪ d 0,05; ** ɪ d 0,01; *** ɪ d 0,001. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ E.coli Ɂɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ E.coli, ɦɦ ɒɬɚɦɦ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɋɨɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ FeSO4 ZnSO4 Pb(NO3)2 MnSO4 CoSO4 CdSO4 8,9 ± 1,33** 9,0 ± 0,68* 12,1 ± 1,13 7,3 ± 0,95* 6,2 ± 0,80* 5,3 ± 0,66** 9,5 ± 0,50 12,6 ± 0,70** 9,6 ± 0,66** 12,6 ± 1,21 7,5 ± 0,42* 5,0 ± 0,73** 5,2 ± 0,47** B. subtilis 3 7,2 ± 0,79 8,8 ± 1,22** 11,8 ± 1,07 6,8 ± 0,65** 6,6 ± 0,44** 5,6 ± 0,42** B. licheniformis 6,8 ± 0,47 9,3 ± 0,61** 6,8 ± 0,79** 11 ± 0,57 6,0 ± 0,36*** 6,2 ± 0,6** 5,3 ± 0,33*** B. subtilis 534 B. ɫereus 9,3 ± 0,49 7,6 ± 0,55* ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɱ ɚ ɧ ɢ ɟ : * ɪ d 0,05; ** ɪ d 0,01; *** ɪ d 0,001. ȿ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɋɈɅȿɃ ɌəɀȿɅɕɏ ɆȿɌȺɅɅɈȼ ɇȺ ȺɇɌɂȻɂɈɌɂɄɈɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɉɊɈȻɂɈɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɒɌȺɆɆɈȼ ȻȺɄɌȿɊɂɃ ... ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ E.coli ɢ S.aureus ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ B.subtilis 534, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɡɨɧ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1 ɢ 2). Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1 ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ B.subtilis 534, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ, ɤɚɞɦɢɹ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚ ɢ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ. ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ – ɫɜɢɧɟɰ – ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bacillus, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɨɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɸɬ ɟɟ. ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ Ⱥɛɪɚɦɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ʌ., ɋɢɡɟɧɰɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ., ɒɟɛɨɬɢɧɚ ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɟɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɥɶɦɨɧɟɥɥɟɡɚ ɤɪɵɫ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɈȽȺɍ. 2011. ʋ 29-1. ɋ 192195. Ⱥɛɪɚɦɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ʌ., ɋɢɡɟɧɰɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ., ɒɟɛɨɬɢɧɚ ɇ.ȼ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ 37 ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɥɶɦɨɧɟɥɥɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɈȽȺɍ. 2011. ʋ 30-1. ɋ 249253. ɉɨɯɢɥɟɧɤɨ, ȼ. Ⱦ. ɉɪɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: www.cbsafety.ru/rus/saf. 6.12.09. ɋɢɡɟɧɰɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. 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