ǸǨǯǸǨǩǶǺDzǨ ǺǭǽǵǶdzǶǫǰǿǭǹDzǶǫǶ ǷǸǶǾǭǹǹǨ

Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ 14(1): 37í40
ɆȿɌɈȾɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɋɌȺɌɖə
ǸǨǯǸǨǩǶǺDzǨ ǺǭǽǵǶdzǶǫǰǿǭǹDzǶǫǶ ǷǸǶǾǭǹǹǨ
ǷǶdzǻǿǭǵǰȇ ǨǹǷǨǸǨǫǰǵǨǺǨ ǽǸǶǴǨ (III)
DEVELOPMENT OF CHROMIUM (III)
ASPARTATE PRODUCTION PROCESS
Ʌ.ɇ. ɀɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ*, ȼ.ȼ. ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜ, ɂ.Ɂ. Ⱥɯɦɟɬɨɜ,
Ɋ.ȼ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɚ, Ⱦ. ȼ. ɂɥɶɢɧ
L.N. Zharinova*, V.V. Sudakov, I.Z. Akhmetov,
R.V. Krasnova, D.V. Il’in
ɈȺɈ «Ƚɨɫɇɂɂ «Ʉɪɢɫɬɚɥɥ» ɝ. Ⱦɡɟɪɠɢɧɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɈJC «GosNII «Kristall», Dzerzhinsk, Russia
ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɯɪɨɦɚ, ɦɢɤɪɨɧɭɬɪɢɟɧɬɵ, ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ.
KEYWORDS: aspartic acid, chromium acetate, micronutrients, amino acid, structural formula, bioadditives,
rate of dosage, component.
ɊȿɁɘɆȿ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɫ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɢɡ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ
ɯɪɨɦɚ. Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III),
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɫɭɲɤɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III).
ABSTRACT. Methods for obtaining the complex
salt of trivalent chromium with aspartic acid using
different feedstock are examined. A developed technological process for preparing this salt from chromium acetate is described. The optimal modes for synthesis of chromium (III) aspartate, isolation of the desired product from the reaction mass and drying are
determined. The structural formula of the obtained
product is specified. The technological scheme of the
plant for obtaining chromium (III) aspartate is presented.
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨ______________________
* Ⱥɞɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢ:
ɀɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ Ʌ.ɇ.
E-mail: [email protected]
ɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ɉɤɨɥɨ 96% ɦɚɫɫɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 4 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ-ɨɪɝɚɧɨɝɟɧɚ (O, C, H, N),
4% – ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, 0,05%
ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɦɚɤɪɨ-, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (ɦɢɤɪɨɧɭɬɪɢɟɧɬɵ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɂɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ (Ɉɛɟɪɥɢɫ, 2003; ɋɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɪ., 2003; ɋɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɪ., 2004).
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɧɭɬɪɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɤ ɩɢɳɟ (ȻȺȾ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȻȺȾ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɹɯ. ɍɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɨɥɢ (ɯɥɨɪɢɞɵ, ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ, ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵ) ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɱɟɦ ɫɨɥɢ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ
ɫɟɛɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ (ɉɢɥɚɬ
ɢ ɞɪ., 2002; Ɉɛɟɪɥɢɫ ɢ ɞɪ., 2008).
________________________
” Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, 2013
ɆɂɄɊɈɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ȼ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȿ:
ɆȿɌɈȾɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋɌȺɌɖɂ
38
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɜ
ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɫɨɥɢ ɫ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ.
ɏɪɨɦ (III) ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ
ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɟ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɧɫɭɥɢɧɚ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɛɟɬɚ ɢ ɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟɪɨɡɚ (Ⱦɟɛɫɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ., 2001). ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɚɹ (ɚɦɢɧɨɹɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ) ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɚɦɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ –
ɇɈɈɋ ɋɇ ɋɇ2ɋɈɈɇ
NH2
ɗɬɨ ɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɧɨɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
133, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 270 qɋ, ɩɥɨɯɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɟ ɢ ɷɮɢɪɟ; ɜ
ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɢɨɧɵ:
..
O
H2C C ..
OH
:NH2 ..
..
O
H2C C .. + H
O
:NH2 ..
..
O
H2C C ..
O
H NH2 ..
ȼ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫ ɚɦɢɧɨɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ.
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɕ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III)
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɛɨ
ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɜ ɦɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɵ, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɢ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɚɹɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɝɚɡ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ
ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ:
H2O + CO2
H2CO3
ɉɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III):
_
(CH3COO )3Cr
(HOOC
+ 3(HOOC CH CH2 COOH)
NH2
_
CH CH2 COO )3Cr + 3CH3COOH
NH2
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III)
ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɯɪɨɦɨɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ:
x ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ;
x ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ;
x ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
x ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ;
x ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
ȼ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɡɚɥɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɋɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɹ
ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɞɥɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɚ ɰɜɟɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɜ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ 23-ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ, ɱɬɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɭɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɫɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɢɦ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ. ɉɪɹɦɨɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ (ɨɫɚɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ) ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɪɨɩɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɭɸ
ɮɚɡɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ
ɦɟɪɟ, ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɪɨɤɢ. ɉɪɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɥɢɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɨɫɚɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ
ɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1045 ɦɢɧ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ, ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ (ɫɩɢɪɬɵ, ɤɟɬɨɧɵ). ɇɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ-ɜɨɪɨɧɤɟ, ɡɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɟ ɱɢɫɬɵɦ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ 20-ɦɢɧɭɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɭɲɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ-ɜɨɪɨɧɤɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɵɝɪɭɠɚ-
Ʌ.ɇ. ɀɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ȺɋɉȺɊȺȽɂɇȺɌȺ ɏɊɈɆȺ (III)
ɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɵ ɢɡ ɯɪɨɦɨɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ, ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɫɥɨɟɦ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 12 ɫɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɭɲɤɭ.
ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɫ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɥɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɨɦɚ
(III) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɢɨɞɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ
– ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɜɥɚɝɢ – ɜɟɫɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ – ɩɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɭɲɤɢ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜɨɞɵ
ɧɚ 1 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɂɡ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III)
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɧɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɨɥɢ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ CrAsp3ُH2O.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɲɤɢ ɧɚ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɲɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɫɭɲɤɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 100 qɋ. ɉɨɬɟɪɹ ɜɥɚɝɢ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ.
Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 3,03,5 ɱ. ɉɨ-
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ (1) ɢ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) (2)
ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜɨɞɵ
ɧɚ 1 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III)
39
ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ, ɚ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ. ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ȼ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɵ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ (12 ɫɦ) ɫɥɨɟɦ ɩɨɞɫɭɲɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɬɹɠɧɨɦ ɲɤɚɮɭ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1518 ɱ (ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ 3040 ɦɢɧ ɩɪɢ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɩɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ). ɉɨɞɫɭɲɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɪɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɭɩɤɚɯ, ɜɧɨɜɶ
ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɵ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
2 ɫɦ ɢ ɫɭɲɢɥɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 100110 qɋ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 4,04,5 ɱ.
Ƚɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ Ɍɍ. Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ
ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ
10,911,4 %.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɧɚ
ɩɢɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ
(III) ɧɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ.
ȼ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ (ɩɨɡ. 1) ɢɡ ɦɟɪɧɢɤɚ (ɩɨɡ. 7/1) ɞɨɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪɚ (ɩɨɡ. 6).
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 95100 qɋ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɜ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɭ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ (t = 120 qɋ). ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ 8085 qɋ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ƚɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ (ɩɨɡ. 1), ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤ (ɩɨɡ. 5/1). ɋɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜɨɞɚ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ, ɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɨɜɭɲɤɭ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 95100 qɋ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1520 ɦɢɧ ɞɨɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɢ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
1 ɱ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɥɢɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɜ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ-ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ (ɩɨɡ. 4). Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 3/4 ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ
ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 2030 qɋ
ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɭ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ (ɩɨɡ. 2) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɪɧɢɤ (ɩɨɡ. 7/2)
ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ (ɩɨɡ. 9) ɫɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ. Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ (ɩɨɡ. 1) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɢɧɢɸ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɨɣ (ɩɨɡ. 8) ɞɨɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ (ɩɨɡ. 2) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
40-45 ɦɢɧ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɟ.
Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ (a 400 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 3 ɱ.
ɆɂɄɊɈɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ȼ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȿ:
ɆȿɌɈȾɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋɌȺɌɖɂ
40
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III)
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬɚ
ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ (ɩɨɡ. 2) ɫɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ-ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ (ɩɨɡ. 3),
ɦɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɨɬɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ-ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ
(ɩɨɡ. 4). Ɍɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɭɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ-ɜɨɪɨɧɤɟ (ɩɨɡ. 3), ɜɵɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɭɲɤɭ.
Ⱥɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III) ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɤ ɩɢɳɟ.
ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ
Ɉɛɟɪɥɢɫ Ⱦ. ɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ // Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. 2003. Ɍ. 3.
ȼɵɩ. 1. ɋ. 27.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɫ D,Lɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. Ⱥɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɚɬ ɯɪɨɦɚ (III)
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɧɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɨɥɢ ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɫɭɲɤɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɥɟɣ ɯɪɨɦɚ
(III) 10,911,4 %.
ɇɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɜɨɡ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ.
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ
Ⱦɟɛɫɤɢ Ȼ., Ƚɪɚɥɚɤ Ɇ. ɏɪɨɦ ɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ // Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. 2001. Ɍ. 2. ȼɵɩ. 4. ɋ. 1216.
Ɉɛɟɪɥɢɫ Ⱦ., ɏɚɪɥɚɧɞ Ȼ., ɋɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱥ. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɪɨɥɶ ɦɚɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ɋɉɛ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2008. 332 ɫ.
ɉɢɥɚɬ Ɍ.Ɇ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜ. Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɢɳɟ (ɬɟɨɪɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ).
Ɇ.: Ⱥɜɜɚɥɥɨɧ, 2002. 161 ɫ.
ɋɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ȼɵɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɍ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɝ: Ɋɀ ȽɈɍ
ɈȽɍ, 2003. 198 ɫ.
ɋɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ȼɢɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ.
Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ «Ɉɧɢɤɫ-21 ɜɟɤ»: Ɇɢɪ, 2004. 272 ɫ.