ТЕЗИСЫ ДОКЛАДОВ Химия и полная переработка биомассы леса

Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɧɚɭɤ
Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɊȺɇ
Cɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɊɏɈ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɊȺɇ
ɇɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɊȺɇ «ɈɊɏɂɆȿȾ»
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
ɌȿɁɂɋɕ ȾɈɄɅȺȾɈȼ
ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɥɟɫɚ
ɋɚɬɟɥɥɢɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ:
VI ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ «ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ»
ɋɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɊȺɇ «ɈɪɏɢɆɟɞ»: «Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ»
Ɇɨɥɨɞɺɠɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ-ɲɤɨɥɚ «Ɏɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ»
14–18 ɢɸɧɹ 2010 ɝɨɞɚ
ɋȺɇɄɌ-ɉȿɌȿɊȻɍɊȽ
ISBN 5-85263-049-7
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ cɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɥɟɧɚɪɧɵɯ, ɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɟɧɞɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣ ChemWasteChem, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɸ «ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɟɫɚ», VI ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɸ «ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ», ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɊȺɇ «ɈɪɏɢɆɟɞ»: «Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ» ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɸ-ɲɤɨɥɭ
«Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ» (ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, 14–18 ɢɸɧɹ 2010 ɝ.).
Ɍɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ, ɤɭɞɚ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɍɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ
ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɨ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ 25.05.10.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 167ɯ237, 360 ɫɬɪ.
ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɨɮɫɟɬɧɚɹ. Ɍɢɪɚɠ 200 ɷɤɡ.
Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɜ Ɍɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɈɈɈ "ɋɛɨɪɤɚ"
192007, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɧɚɛ. Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ, ɞ. 64, ɥɢɬ. Ⱥ, ɤɨɪɩ. 2, ɩɨɦ. 22
ɬɟɥ.: (812) 642-43-44, e-mail: [email protected]
ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ .4
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ .........123
Ⱦɢɡɚɣɧ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɅɉɄ........................................................................................................143
Ʌɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ: ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ (ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ,
ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡ ɢ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɪɚɞɢɨɥɢɡ, ɩɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɭɥ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ) ..........................................................................164
ɉɥɚɡɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ-ɝɚɡɚ.......171
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ...........................................................................................................................172
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɅɉɄ.......................................187
Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ .................................................................................................................................197
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ..........198
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ............201
Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ-ɲɤɨɥɚ «Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ».......................211
VI ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ «ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ».......219
ɋɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɊȺɇ «Ɉɪɯɢɦɟɞ»: «Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ» ....................................................................................................................................305
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ......................................................................................................................350
3
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɐȿɇɇɕɏ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɂɁ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɂ ȾɊɍȽɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ ɌȿɊɆɈɅɂɁȺ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɌȿɊɆɈȽɊȺȼɂɆȿɌɊɂɂ
ȼ.ɂ. Ⱥɡɚɪɨɜ, Ƚ.ɇ. Ʉɨɧɨɧɨɜ, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ɇɭɯɢɧ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɥɟɫɚ
[email protected]
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ, ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [1] ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɝɥɹ ɫɵɪɰɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɲɢɯɬɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ [1], ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɲɢɯɬɵ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ –
ɭɝɥɹ-ɫɵɪɰɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɲɢɯɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɺ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ – ɭɝɥɹ-ɫɵɪɰɚ.
Ɍɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ 951 ɮɢɪɦɵ «Ⱦɸɩɨɧ». Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
1, 2, 3.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. Ʉɪɢɜɵɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 80 – 100 °ɋ ɢ 220 – 540 °ɋ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ
ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 220 °ɋ,
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ [2]. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ 360 °ɋ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1 Ɍɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ
240 – 300 °ɋ ɢ 400 – 480 °ɋ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ, ɩɨ – ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ
ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɬɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɝɪɭɩɩ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 3
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɲɢɯɬɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɢ 10% ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ.
Ʉɪɢɜɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɞɜɭɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɲɢɯɬɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɹ – ɫɵɪɰɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 550 – 650 °ɋ, ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ 15,49%.
4
Ɋɢɫ. 2 Ɍɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɲɢɯɬɵ, ɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ (ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ, ɝɥɢɨɤɫɚɥɶ ɢ
ɞɪ.)[2,3] ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɨɜɨɥɚɱɧɵɯ
ɫɦɨɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ
ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɲɢɬɵɟ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɢɬɭ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3 Ɍɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɲɢɯɬɵ (90% ɨɩɢɥɨɤ + 10%
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ)
Ⱥ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɢɯɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɤɭ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɝɥɟ – ɫɵɪɰɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ʉɨɧɨɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ., Ɇɭɯɢɧ Ⱦ.ȼ. «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡɨɦ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ:
ɬɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ – ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ». – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɆȽɍɅ, ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ 2009 ɝ.
2. Ʉɢɫɥɢɰɵɧ Ⱥ.ɇ. « ɉɢɪɨɥɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ: ɯɢɦɢɡɦ, ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ»,
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ʌɟɫɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, 1990 ɝ.
3. ȼɵɪɨɞɨɜ ȼ. Ⱥ. ɢ ɞɪ. «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ». – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
Ʌɟɫɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, 1987 ɝ.
ɇɈȼɕɃ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɃ ȻɂɈɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌ ȾɅə ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂȿȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ɋ.Ƚ. Ⱥɡɢɡɛɟɤɹɧ1, ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɨɦɚɲ2, Ⱥ.Ɋ. ɇɚɛɢɭɥɥɢɧ1, Ɍ.ɉ. ɒɚɪɩɢɨ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɇȺɇ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɤɢ ɇȺɇ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɜɵɩɚɪɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ,
ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ, ɦɚɤɪɨ - ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɭɲɤɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɚ ɫ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɤɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
Ɇɚɣɚɪɚ. ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧ ɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ
5
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ «Ɍɭɛɟɥɚɤ» ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ
ɫɜɵɲɟ 15 % ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɥɢɣ (ɫɜɵɲɟ 6 %), ɮɨɫɮɨɪ, ɦɚɝɧɢɣ, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ,
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: ɠɟɥɟɡɨ, ɛɨɪ, ɦɟɞɶ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɟɰ, ɰɢɧɤ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «Ɍɭɛɟɥɚɤ» ɜɵɹɜɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɢ
ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ.
ȼ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɯ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɡɟɪɧɚ ɹɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ,
ɹɱɦɟɧɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɬɪɭɛɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɫɬɨɹ, ɦɚɫɫɵ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɚ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 10
%. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɭ 20-ɞɧɟɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɦɚɬɨɜ, ɫɜɟɤɥɵ, ɭɤɪɨɩɚ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 85 %. Ʌɢɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɥɭɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ 16 % ɩɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɢ ɧɚ 11 % ɤ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɭ (ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬ ɬɨɪɮɚ). ɍɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɭɤɚ-ɪɟɩɤɢ,
ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ 13 %. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɤɚ
ɭɪɨɠɚɹ ɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɪɤɨɜɢ ɢ ɫɜɟɤɥɵ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ ɬɨɦɚɬɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɧɚ 15 %).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɫɚɯɚɪɚ, ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɚ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ɋ ɢ ɞɪ.). ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɵɦ ɝɧɢɥɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
ȼ 2010 ɝ ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɢɣ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɆȿɌȺȻɈɅɂɁɆȺ ɆȿɆȻɊȺɇɇɕɏ ɅɂɉɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɆȿɊɂɋɌȿɆȺɏ
ɋɈɋɇɕ ɈȻɕɄɇɈȼȿɇɇɈɃ: ɋȿɁɈɇɇȺə ȾɂɇȺɆɂɄȺ ɀɂɊɇɕɏ ɄɂɋɅɈɌ
ɌɂɉȺ ɋ18
ȿ.ȼ. Ⱥɥɚɭɞɢɧɨɜɚ, ɉ.ȼ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ"
[email protected]
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ. ȼ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɀɄ) ɬɢɩɚ ɋ18 ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ (ȽɅ) ɦɟɪɢɫɬɟɦ
ɩɨɱɟɤ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ.
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ȽɅ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɀɄ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɋ18. ȼ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɥɨ ɞɨ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 96 % ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɀɄ ɢ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɞɨ ɪɚɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɢ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɥɟɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɢ
ɡɢɦɨɣ ɛɵɥ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɟɧ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 % ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɀɄ, ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɥɫɹ ɜ 1,6 ɪɚɡɚ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɨɬ 16 ɞɨ 30 %, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɹ ɞɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɡɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɹɫɶ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɜ
ɧɚɛɭɯɲɢɯ ɩɨɱɤɚɯ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɫ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɣ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ
34 %.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ Ȧ9, Ȧ6 ɢ Ȧ3 ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɧɵ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɥɟɢɥ- (ORD) ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ –
0,87-0,92. ȼɟɫɧɨɣ, ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɯɜɨɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɱɟɤ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɢɥ- (LRD) ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ – ɨɬ 0,38 ɞɨ 0,67, ɱɬɨ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɝɟɧɨɜ Ȧ3-ɚɰɢɥ-ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨɣ-ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡɵ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɀɄ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ORD ɢ,
ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɫɧɢɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɬɟɚɪɨɢɥ- (SRD) ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɛɟɡ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɰɢɥ-ȺɉȻ-ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ Ȧ3 ɢ Ȧ6 ɚɰɢɥ-ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɟ
ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɀɄ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ SRD, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ
6
ɨɥɟɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɀɄ ɫ 18-ɸ
ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɀɄ ɬɢɩɚ ɋ18 ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ȽɅ
ɦɟɪɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ: ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ȽɅ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɡɢɦɧɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɤ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ; ɡɧɚɱɢɦɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ
ɤɪɢɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ Ȧ6 ɞɟɫɚɬɭɪɚɡɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɂ ȼɌɈɊɂɑɇɕɏ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɇȿȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ɋȿɅɖɋɄɈɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ, Ʉ.ɇ. ɒɭɪɚɣ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.ɋ. Ʉɚɥɸɠɧɚɹ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "Ʉɭɛɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ", ɝ.Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɄɭɛȽɌɍ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ȺɉɄ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɦɚɫɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ (ȼɆɊ) ȺɉɄ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (ɪɢɫ.1) ɢ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɆɊ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ȺɉɄ.
7
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ
ɭɛɨɪɤɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɚɫɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ȺɉɄ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ȼɆɊ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ȼɆɊ
ȺɉɄ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ) ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ; ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɨɛɟɡɜɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɨɬɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɆɊ ɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ, ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ 2009 – 2013 ɝɨɞɵ».
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɂ ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
ɊɈȾȺ THYMUS, ɉɊɈɂɁɊȺɋɌȺɘɓɂɏ ɇȺ ɍɊȺɅȿ
Ʌ.ɂ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ1, Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ȼɵɫɬɪɭɲɤɢɧ2, Ʌ.ȼ. Ɍɟɬɟɪɸɤ1, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɭɥɵɲɟɜɚ3
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ
2 - Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɞ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
3 - ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɍɢɦɶɹɧɵ (Thymus) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɬɢɦɶɹɧɨɜ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɚɹ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ,
ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ,
ɫɩɚɡɦɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɚɧɬɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɰɢɞɧɚɹ, ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ. Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Thymus, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɍɪɚɥɟ, ɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Thymus, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɍɪɚɥɟ: T. baschkiriensis Klok. et Shost., T.
guberlinensis Iljin, T. kutlimiensis, T. punctulosus Klok., T. talijevii Klok. et. Schost. subsp.
paucifolius (Klok.) P. Schmidt (=T. paucifolius Klok.), T. talijevii Klok. et. Schost. subsp.
talijevii ɢ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɨɪɬɚɯ T. serpyllum f. lanata ɢ T. serpyllum f. nana. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ
ɬɢɦɶɹɧɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ 70% ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚ. ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Thymus, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɍɪɚɥɟ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɬɢɦɶɹɧɚɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɦɶɹɧɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Thymus ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɥɹ
ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɬɢɦɶɹɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɞɥɹ ɤɭɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
8
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ
ɪɨɫɫɢɢ,
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ
ɩɨ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɢ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ» ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɊȺɇ «Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ».
ɗɎɂɊɇɕȿ ɆȺɋɅȺ ɗɇȾȿɆɂɑɇɕɏ ɌɂɆɖəɇɈȼ ȿȼɊɈɉȿɃɋɄɈȽɈ ɋȿȼȿɊɈȼɈɋɌɈɄȺ ɊɈɋɋɂɂ
Ʌ.ɂ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ, ɂ.ȼ. Ƚɪɭɡɞɟɜ, Ʌ.ȼ. Ɍɟɬɟɪɸɤ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɨɞɚ Thymus L. (ɫɟɦ. Lamiaceae): ɬɢɦɶɹɧ ɩɨɥɡɭɱɢɣ (Thymus serpyllum) ɢ
ɬɢɦɶɹɧ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ (T. vulgaris) ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɬɢɦɶɹɧɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɚɹ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ,
ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɫɩɚɡɦɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɚɧɬɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɰɢɞɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ
ɬɢɦɶɹɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ.
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɟɥɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɢɦɶɹɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɢɯ ɪɟɥɢɤɬɨɜɵɯ
ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɬɢɦɶɹɧ ɨɩɭɲɟɧɧɵɣ
- Thymus talijevii Klok. et. Schost. f. hirticaulis (Klok.) P. Schmidt (= T.hirticaulis Klok.),
ɬɢɦɶɹɧ Ɍɚɥɢɟɜɚ – T. talijevii Klok. et. Schost. subsp. talijevii, ɬɢɦɶɹɧ ɦɚɥɨɥɢɫɬɧɵɣ -T.
talijevii Klok. et. Schost. subsp. paucifolius (Klok.) P. Schmidt (=T. paucifolius Klok.). ȼ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ T. hirticaulis ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ 27 ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, T. talijevii - 36, T.
paucifolius – 33. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ T. hirticaulis ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɚɦɢ
— 77.27%, T. talijevii ɢ T. paucifolius — ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɚɦɢ (73.41% ɢ 66.97%
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ). ɋɪɟɞɢ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ ɜ T. talijevii ɢ T. paucifolius ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɛɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ (53.77% ɢ 46.70% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ), ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɚ (19,96% ɢ 14,37%), ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ (9,02% ɢ 10,52%), į-ɤɚɞɢɧɟɧ
(7,66% ɢ 7,96%), ɚɡɭɥɟɧ (5,10% ɢ 0%), ɰɭɛɟɧɨɥ (0,73% ɢ, 0%), Ȗ-ɦɭɪɨɥɟɧ (0% ɢ 0,82%), IJɤɚɞɢɧɨɥ (4,63% ɢ 5,30%), Į-ɤɚɞɢɧɨɥ (6,67% ɢ 7,40%). ȼ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɥɚɯ T. hirticaulis, T.
talijevii, T. paucifolius - ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɚɥɨɨɥɚ (61,52–15,91%), T. hirticaulis ɢ T.
paucifolius - ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɚ (9.02% ɢ 10.60%), T. talijevii ɢ T. paucifolius - ɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɚ (19.96% ɢ 14.47%). Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɢɦɶɹɧɨɜ ɨɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɷɞɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɝɪɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɷɧɞɟɦɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɢɦɶɹɧɨɜ ɍɪɚɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ
ɪɨɫɫɢɢ,
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ
ɩɨ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɢ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ» ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɊȺɇ «Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ».
ɉɈɅɂɎȿɇɈɅɕ ɅɍȻȺ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɐɕ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɛɤɢɧ, ɋ.Ɂ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɍ.ȿ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ Ƚɦɟɥɢɧɚ (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.)Rupr.)
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɂɪɂɏ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ.
9
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨ 35 % (ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ) ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɜɨɫɤ,
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ (ɉɎɄ), ɩɟɤɬɢɧ, ɢɡ ɲɪɨɬɚ - ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɷɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɥɭɛɚ (ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɤɨɪɵ)
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ:
ɮɟɧɨɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ - ɩ-ɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɨɣ, ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ, ɫɢɪɟɧɟɜɨɣ; ɨɤɫɢɤɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ - ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɩɤɭɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ, ɰɢɫ- ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɮɟɪɭɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɥɤɢɥɤɭɦɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɥɤɢɥɮɟɪɭɥɚɬɨɜ.
Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɥɭɛɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɮɥɚɜɚɧɨɧ – ɧɚɪɢɧɝɟɧɢɧ; ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɥɵ – ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɵ, ɤɟɦɩɮɟɪɨɥ;
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɥɵ – ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ ɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɟɦɩɮɟɪɨɥ ɢ ɮɥɚɜɚɧ-3-ɨɥ - (+)-ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɥɭɛɚ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦɭ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 10-15% ɨɬ ɉɎɄ ɥɭɛɚ.
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɪɨɞɚ Larix ɜ ɥɭɛɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ (E)-3,c,4c,5-ɬɪɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧ
(ɪɟɡɜɟɪɚɬɪɨɥ)
(E)-3,3c,4c,5-ɬɟɬɪɚɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧ
(ɚɫɬɪɢɧɝɟɧɢɧ),
(E)-3,4c,5ɬɪɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧ-3c-Ɉ-E-D-ɝɥɸɤɨɩɢɪɚɧɨɡɢɞ,
(E)-4c,5-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧ-3-Ɉ-E-Dɝɥɸɤɨɩɢɪɚɧɨɡɢɞ (ɩɢɰɟɢɞ).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 35-40% ɨɬ ɉɎɄ ɥɭɛɚ.
Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧɨɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɧɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ,
ɤɚɪɞɢɨ-,
ɪɚɞɢɨ-,
ɝɟɩɚɬɨɢ
ɝɟɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ,
ɚɧɬɢɬɪɨɦɛɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇȺə ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈɋȻȿɊȿȽȺɘɓȺə ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɐɕ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɛɤɢɧ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɬɪɨɭɯɨɜɚ, ɘ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɥɤɨɜ, ȿ.ɇ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ, ɇ.ȼ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ,
ɇ.ɇ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ 90-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɹɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɦ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨ- ɢ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 85-95% ɨɬ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɵɪɶɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ
ɫɜɨɢ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɦɥɟɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɤɨɪɚ, ɤɨɪɧɢ ɢ ɫɭɱɶɹ.
Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ, ɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɪɵ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
10
ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ, ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɷɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɟɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɟɤɫɚɧɨɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɤ, ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɭɩɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɉɢɤɧɨɥɚɪ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɚɺɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɯ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɤɨɪɭ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɨɤɫɚɥɚɬɚ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɢ ɳɚɜɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɱɤɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɧɢ,
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɭɱɤɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɥɢɝɧɚɧɵ – ɦɨɳɧɵɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ, ɫɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɢɥɵ, ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ
ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ. ȼ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ 2-4 ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɈɋɇɈȼɇɕɏ ȽɊɍɉɉ ȻȺȼ ɄȺɁȺɏɋɌȺɇɋɄɂɏ ȼɂȾɈȼ ȽɈɊɐȿȼ
ȾɀɍɇȽȺɊɋɄɈȽɈ (POLYGONUM SONGORICUM SHRENK) ɂ ɀɂȼɈɊɈȾəɓȿȽɈ
(POLYGONUM VIVIPARUM L.)
Ⱥ. Ȼɚɣɞɭɥɥɚɭɥɵ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɥɶɰɟɜɢɱ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ Ʉɚɡ. ɇɍ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, ɝ.Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɂɡ 123 ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɨɪɰɟɜ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɋɋɋɊ ɢ 49 ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɨɪɰɟɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɣɧɵɦɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ 4 ɜɢɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 3,25% ɢ 8,16%; ɯɨɬɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɝɨɪɰɚɦ
ɞɠɭɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɪɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ. ɇɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɢɡ
10 ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ
ɧɚɛɨɪɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ȻȺȼ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ-ɚɰɟɬɨɧ-ɜɨɞɚ 1:1:2 (23,10%) ɞɥɹ ɝ.
ɞɠɭɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɰɟɬɨɧ-ɜɨɞɚ 1:1 (30,4%) ɞɥɹ ɝ. ɠɢɜɨɪɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɵɪɶɟ :
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ 1:7-1:8. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɧɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɣɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ
«ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,5%», ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ ȽɎ XI ɜ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɯ
ɜɢɞɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – 2,28-3,40%, ɫɭɦɦɵ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ – 4,06-6,12%.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɮɢɬɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ȻȺȼ ɜ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ: ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥɵ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ,
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɵ, ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ, ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
(ɝ. ɞɠɭɧɝɚɪɫɤɢɣ) ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (ɝ. ɠɢɜɨɪɨɞɹɳɢɣ), ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɵ (ɞɥɹ ɝ. ɞɠɭɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
– ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɞɥɹ ɝ. ɠɢɜɨɪɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ – ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ).
ɉɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ,
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ,
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɵ, ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ,
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ Ʉ ɢ
ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝ. ɞɠɭɧɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɢ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ,
ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɝ. ɠɢɜɨɪɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɵ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɢ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.
11
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɌɊȺɇɋ-1,2-ȾɂɄȺɊȻɈɇɈȼɕɏ ɄɂɋɅɈɌ ɂɁ ɆɈɇɈȺɆɂȾɈȼ
ɆȺɅȿɈɉɂɆȺɊɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ
Ɇ.ɉ. Ȼɟɣ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
[email protected]
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫ-1,2-ɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ (ɬɪɚɧɫ-1,2-ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚɧɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɟɧɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚɰɟɬɨɧɢɞ ɜɢɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɞɢɮɨɫɮɢɧɨɜɵɯ, ɞɢɢɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ
ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ
ɚɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɥɤɢɥɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɧɨɚɦɢɞɨɜ ɮɭɦɚɪɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (II), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫ-1,2-ɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ, ɢɡ ɚɦɢɞɨɜ
ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (I).
O
O
1. MeOH/H2O/KOH,
ɤɢɩ.
COOH
2. H+, H2O
O
COOH
(Iɚ)
CONR'R'' (I)
1. (CH3)2C(NH2)CH2OH
(I)
+
(II)
COOH C6H6, ɤɢɩ.
+
COOH
(II)
COOH
2. H+, H2O
COOH
CONR'R''
(II)
NR'R' = NH2, NH(CH2)5CH3, NHCH2CH=CH2, NHPh, NHCH2Ph,
NH-(o)-C6H4CH3, NH-(o)-C6H4Br, NC5H10
ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ (II) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɦɢɞɨɜ ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (I) ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɞɢɤɚɥɢɟɜɵɟ
ɫɨɥɢ ɰɢɫ-ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ (Iɚ) ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ (II), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ
ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (Iɚ, II). ɉɪɢ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ (Iɚ, II) ɜ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɢɫ-ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ (Iɚ), ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɞɨɜ (I) ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ
(II), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (II) ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ
ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫ 2-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2-ɚɦɢɧɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥɨɦ, ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɚɦɢɞɨɜ (I) ɢ
ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (II) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ 1,4-ȾɂȺɆɂɇɈȼɈȽɈ ɂ 1,4-ȾɂɋɍɅɖɎɈɇȺɆɂȾɇɕɏ
ɅɂȽȺɇȾɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɆȺɅȿɈɉɂɆȺɊɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ
Ɇ.ɉ. Ȼɟɣ, Ⱥ.ɉ. ɘɜɱɟɧɤɨ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
[email protected]
ɏɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ 1,2- ɢ 1,4- ɞɢɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɦɢɞɧɵɟ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ 1,412
ɞɢɮɨɫɮɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɜɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ [1]. ɇɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ: 1,4-ɞɢɚɦɢɧɚ (5) ɢ 1,4-ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɦɢɞɨɜ
(6, 7) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɢɞɚ ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (2) ɜ ɚɦɢɞ ɮɭɦɚɪɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (3).
O
H3C
H3C
COOH
(1)
O
H3C
O
1. SOCl2, 20oC
O 2. C5H10NH,
Et3N,ɌȽɎ
H3C
(4)
O 3. RNH2;
H+, H2O
OH 1. MsCl/Py
2. NaN3, ȾɆɎȺ
3. LiAlH4
2. LiAlH4
H3C
CONC5H10
H3C
N
COOH
1. MeOH/H2O/KOH;
H3C
H+, H2O
2. C6H6, ɤɢɩ.
OH
H3C
1. (EtO)2SO2 / K2CO3
(2)
O
H3C
(3)
COOH
CONC5H10
NHR R = H (5)
TsCl (MsCl),
NHR Et3N
H3C
R = Ts (6),
Ms (7)
N
Ɇɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ (1) ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫ SOCl2,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɢɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɚɦɢɞ (2). Ⱥɦɢɞ (2) ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɦɭ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɦɢɞɨɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (3), ɩɪɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɢɷɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ K2CO3 ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɷɮɢɪɚ LiAlH4 ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɞɢɨɥ (4). ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧ ɜ 1,4-ɞɢɚɦɢɧ (5) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɦɟɡɢɥɚɬɚ, ɞɢɚɡɢɞɚ ɢ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɡɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. 1,4-Ⱦɢɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɦɢɞɵ (6, 7) ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ 1,4-ɞɢɚɦɢɧɚ (5) ɫ ɬɨɡɢɥ- ɢɥɢ ɦɟɡɢɥɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ Et3N. 1,4Ⱦɢɚɦɢɧ (5) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ,
ɞɢɚɰɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɢɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Tolstikov A.H., Tolstikova O.V., Khlebnikova T.B., Karpyshev N.N. // Butlerov Commun.
2002. Vol. 2, ʋ 7. P. 1–8.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȻɂɈɐɂȾɇɕɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɊəȾȺ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɆȺɅȿɈɉɂɆȺɊɈȼɈɃ ɂ ɐɂɌɊȺɄɈɇɈɉɂɆȺɊɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌ
Ɇ.ɉ. Ȼɟɣ1, Ⱥ.ɉ. ɘɜɱɟɧɤɨ1, Ɋ.Ⱥ. ɀɟɥɞɚɤɨɜɚ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
2 - Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
[email protected]
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ – ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɆɉɄ) ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɆɉɄ ɢ ɰɢɬɪɚɤɨɧɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɐɉɄ): N-ɧ-ɚɥɤɢɥɢɦɢɞɨɜ (1–5),
ɚɥɥɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɮɢɪɚ (6), ɚɦɢɞɚ (7) ɆɉɄ, ɚɥɥɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ N-ɧ-ɝɟɤɫɢɥ- (8) ɢ N-ɧɨɤɬɢɥɢɦɢɞɨɜ (9) ɆɉɄ, ɚɧɢɥɢɞɚ (14), ɪɹɞɚ ɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫ 8-ɨɤɫɢɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɦ (10–13, 15).
13
R1 = H: R = H, X = O (ɆɉɄ);
R = H, X = N(CH2)nCH3 (1-5), n = 3 (1), 5 (2), 7 (3), 11 (4); 17 (5);
H3C
X
R = CH2CH=CH2, X = O (6); R = NH2, X = O (7);
1
R = CH2CH=CH2, X = N(CH2)nCH3, n = 5 (8), 7 (9);
R O
R = H, 8-ɨɤɫɢɯɢɧɨɥɢɧ: X = O (10), N(CH2)nCH3, n = 5(11), 11(12);
COOR (ɆɉɄ, ɐɉɄ,1-13) R1 = CH3: R = H, X = O (ɐɉɄ); R = H, 8-ɨɤɫɢɯɢɧɨɥɢɧ, X = O(13)
H3C
COOR
R = H (14);
H3C
R = H, 8-ɨɤɫɢɯɢɧɨɥɢɧ (15)
COOH
O
H3C
CONHPh (14, 15)
Ⱥɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ (10–13, 15), ɆɉɄ ɢ ɐɉɄ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger,
Botritis
cinerea,
Fusarium
oxysporum,
Penicillium
lividum,
Monilia
sp., Mucor sp., Trichoderma viridae ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɨɬ 20 ɞɨ 100% ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ. ȼ
ɪɹɞɭ ɢɦɢɞɨɜ ɆɉɄ (1–5) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ɢɦɢɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (ɨɬ ɋ4 ɞɨ ɋ18).
Ⱥɥɥɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɷɮɢɪ ɆɉɄ (6) ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 33–66%) ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɚɥɥɢɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɷɮɢɪɚɦɢ N-ɧ-ɝɟɤɫɢɥ- ɢ N-ɧɨɤɬɢɥɢɦɢɞɨɜ ɆɉɄ (8, 9) (0–55%). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina
lutea, Mycobacterium smegmatis ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɆɉɄ, ɐɉɄ, N-ɧ-ɛɭɬɢɥ-, N-ɧ-ɝɟɤɫɢɥ- ɢ N-ɧɨɤɬɢɥɢɦɢɞɵ ɆɉɄ (1–3), ɚɦɢɞ ɆɉɄ (7) ɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ (10–13, 15), ɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ N-ɧ-ɞɨɞɟɰɢɥ- ɢ N-ɧ-ɨɤɬɚɞɟɰɢɥɢɦɢɞɵ ɆɉɄ
(4, 5).
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
ɉɈɅɂɎȿɇɈɅɖɇɕȿ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂə ɋȿɆəɇ ȼɂɇɈȽɊȺȾȺ
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɥɚɧɨɜɚ, ɋ.ɂ. Ʉɚɪɩɨɜ, ȼ.Ɏ. ɋɟɥɟɦɟɧɟɜ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɗɬɨ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɹɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ. Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɚɦ
ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɵ, ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɵ, ɮɥɚɜɚɧɨɧɨɥɵ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɵ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɥɵ ɢ
ɬ.ɞ. Ʉɚɬɟɯɢɧɵ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ. ȼ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɵ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ (+)- ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚ ɢ (–)- ɷɩɢɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚ, (+)-ɷɩɢɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɧɨ-, ɨɥɢɝɨ- ɢ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɨ
ɜɫɟɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɥɨɡɵ (ɹɝɨɞɚ, ɫɟɦɟɧɚ, ɫɬɟɛɟɥɶ). ɉɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ Vitis vinifera «Ʌɢɞɢɹ», ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɺ (ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɨɟ)
ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɋɨɤɫɥɟɬɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɢɯɥɨɪɦɟɬɚɧɨɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 20 ɱ.
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɵ 3-ɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 5:1
14
(ɷɬɚɧɨɥ: ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ). ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60˚ɋ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɍɎ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ Ɍɋɏ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɟɧ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɷɥɸɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɚɦɢɥɨɜɵɣ
ɫɩɢɪɬ - ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ – ɜɨɞɚ (2:1:1). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ
ɞɢɚɡɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɧɢɥɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ. ɂɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ
(+)-ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ.
ɋɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ
Ȝ= 268 ɧɦ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɞɥɢɧɟ
ɜɨɥɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚɦ.
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊȿȼɊȺɓȿɇɂə ɅɂȽɇɈɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ȼ ɋɍȻ- ɂ
ɋȼȿɊɏɄɊɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȼɈȾȿ
ȼ.ɂ. Ȼɨɝɞɚɧ1, Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɏɭɞɨɲɢɧ2, ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɭɧɢɧ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ
[email protected]
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɭɛ- ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ (ɋɄȼ) ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɯ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɧɨɦ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɩɨɪɨɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ
ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ
ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ,
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ. Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ (ɄɌ). ɉɪɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ,
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ. ɂɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ,
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ, ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ,
ɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ,
ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ɗɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ: ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ,
ɨɠɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɭɛ- ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ.
15
ɋȼɑ-ȾȿȽɂȾɊȺɌȺɐɂə ɉȿɇɌɈɁ ȼ ɎɍɊɎɍɊɈɅ ȼ ȽɈɆɈȽȿɇɇɕɏ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ
ȼ.ɋ. Ȼɨɥɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɉ.ȼ. Ɉɫɬɪɨɭɯ
Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɏɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɧɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɚɪɨɮɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 60 % ɨɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ
ɩɟɧɬɨɡ ɜ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ. Ƚɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɪɨɮɚɡɧɵɯ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɲɟɥ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɚɪɚ,
ɨɫɦɨɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ (ɗɆɉ) ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (ɋȼɑ)
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ
ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɧɬɨɡ ɜ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɧɬɨɡ ɜ ɗɆɉ ɋȼɑ (ɋȼɑɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ)
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɟɡ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɚɪɚ.
ɇɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɨɫɦɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 80 % ɨɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɋȼɑ-ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɩɟɧɬɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɋȼɑ-ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɧɬɨɡ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɥɨɤɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ
ɰɟɥɥɨɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə - ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɌɈɊɕ ɂ ɇȺɄɈɉɂɌȿɅɂ ɊȿȾɄɈȽɈ ɂ
ɊȺɋɋȿəɇɇɈȽɈ ɆɂɄɊɈɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺ Ɋȿɇɂə
Ʌ.ȼ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ȼ. ɋɚɜɜɢɧ
ȽȿɈɏɂ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ȼɢɨɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ (ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ,
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ , ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ,ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪ. ɰɟɥɟɣ. ɂ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ
ɩɪɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ɋɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɤɢɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
(ɤɥɚɪɤ – 7. 10-8 %),
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ, ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɦɟɞɧɨ-ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɭɞ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ, ɦɚɥɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ȼ ɬɨ
ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ
16
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ (ɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ) ɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ 186 Re) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɧɢɹ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɥɚɪɤ ɜ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɪɚɡ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɪɟɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɟɫɬ-ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ (ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɞɢɬɢɨɨɤɫɚɦɢɞ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɢɬɪɚɡɨ Ɋ), ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɉ.Ɉ. ɞɨ 5 ɧɝ / ɝ, ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɛɪɢɤ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ-ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɛɢɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɪɟɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɈɋɇɈȼɇɕȿ ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɁɅȺɄɈȼ ɂ
ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
ȼ.ȼ. Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ȼɢɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ XXI ɜɟɤɟ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɹɞ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɭɝɨɥɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ [1]. Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ «ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ» ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
(ɫɨɥɨɦɚ ɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ) ɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
(ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ). Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɬɨɣ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɵɪɶɹ: 1 – ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɟɦ, 2 – ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ [2], 3 – ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ
ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ (ɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) [3] ɢ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɵ
ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɞɜɭɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ: ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɡɥɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ [4, 5]. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ (ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ) ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
1. ȼɚɪɮɚɥɨɦɟɟɜ ɋ.Ⱦ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɗɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ//ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɊȺɇ, 2009, ɬ. 79, ʋ 7. ɋ. 595-607.
2. ɋɚɤɨɜɢɱ Ƚ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ // ɉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ
ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ. 2008, ʋ 3. ɋ. 259-266.
3. Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɡɥɚɤɨɜ//ɉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ. 2008, ʋ 3. ɋ. 322-327.
17
4. V.V. Budaeva et al. Obtaining technical cellulose from straw and cereals seed shells. //Journal
of Mountain Agriculture in the Balkans. vol. 12. no. 5. 2009. P. 1027–1039.
5. Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ Ɇɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ//ɉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ, 2009,
ʋ 3. ɋ. 328-335.
ɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɇɕȿ ɆȺɌɊɂɐɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɄȺɊȻɈɄɋɂɅɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁ – ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɕɃ ȻɂɈȾȿȽɊȺȾɂɊɍȿɆɕɃ ɇɈɋɂɌȿɅɖ
ɐɂɋɉɅȺɌɂɇȺ
ɉ.Ɇ. Ȼɵɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ1, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɞɚɦɱɢɤ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɥɹɟɜ1, ɋ.Ɉ. ɋɨɥɨɦɟɜɢɱ1, Ⱥ.Ʉ. ɏɪɢɩɭɧɨɜ2,
Ɋ.ɘ. ɋɦɵɫɥɨɜ2, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍɤɚɱɟɧɤɨ3
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ȻȽɍ "ɇɂɂ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ", Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ-ɦɢɲɟɧɢ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ
ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɡɨɬɚ (IV) ɜ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɟ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɚɡɨɬɚ(IV) ɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ-ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚɦɢ ɢɡ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ 1 ˜ 10-4 í 8 ˜ 10-3 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (293 r 1) Ʉ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ
ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚɦɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ
ɫ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ-ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ȼɈȾɈɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɕɏ ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɈȼ ɆɂɄɊɈɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ, ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɈɃ ɂɁ ɋɈɅɈɆɕ ɉɒȿɇɂɐɕ, ɂ ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɂɏ
ȺɇɌɂɄɈȺȽɍɅəɇɌɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ
ɇ.ɘ. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ2, Ƚ.ɉ. ɋɤɜɨɪɰɨɜɚ2, ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɪɨɡɞ3, Ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ2
1 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Ƚɟɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɊȺɆɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ
ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɢɧɟɣ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɢɫɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɧɨɜɵɦɢ
ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
18
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ
ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɞɟɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ –
ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ in vitro.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭ ɢ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɟ. ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɚ ɢ
ɯɥɨɪɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɭɸ ɫɨɥɶ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɟ ɜ 6 %-ɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (1,8-2,0) ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10-12 ɱɚɫ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 1,5-2,0 ɱɚɫ
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 80-85 °ɋ. ȼɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵ ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 95 % ɦɚɫ. ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɂɄ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 1238-1258 ɫɦ-1 ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ S=O ɢ –ɋɈSO3 ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 800-802 ɫɦ-1 ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ OSO- ɝɪɭɩɩ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ
ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ in vitro ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɥɢɨɮɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɭ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
Ⱥɧɬɢɬɪɨɦɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɟɪɵ 12,3 %
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚ 96±5,5 ȿȾ/ɦɝ. ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ aIIa ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ
ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ
ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɡɨɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɏɂɆɂɄɈ-ɎȺɊɆȺɐȿȼɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɗɇɌȿɊɈɋɈɊȻȿɇɌȺ
ɂɁ ɅɍȻȺ ɄɈɊɕ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ
ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɩɪɢɤɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɺɡɵ – ɥɭɛ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɛɵɥ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ [1]. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɤɨɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ ɢɡ ɥɭɛɚ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ (ɋɄȻ) ɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ
ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɦ “ɉɨɥɢɮɟɩɚɧ” (ȺɈ “ɋɚɢɧɬɟɤ”, ɋ.-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋʋ 001047/03-2002),
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ [ 2 ].
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɏɢɦɢɤɨ-ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ ɋɄȻ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɋɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɋɄȻ
ɉɨɥɢɮɟɩɚɧ
ɇɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5,0
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ
3,8 r 0,3
4,2 r 0,3
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, %
ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɵ, %
ɇɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,1
0,02 r 0,005
0,06 r 0,004
Ɍɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ, %
ɇɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,002
0,0015 r 0,0001
0,0014 r 0,0001
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Fe, %
ɇɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ0,05
0,04 r 0,005
0,04 r 0,004
ɪɇ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ
6,4 r 0,4
6,8 r 0,5
r', ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2,0
ɓɟɥɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, %
ɇɟ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
0,9 r 0,1
1,1 r 0,1
ɇɟ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ
2,5 r 0,2
2,6 r 0,2
0,1Ɇ HCl, %
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 20,0
58,9 r 2,5
56,9 r 1,5
ɫɢɧɟɝɨ, ɦɝ/ɝ
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɢɧɚ, ɦɝ/ɝ
ɇɟ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
59,1 r 3,3
78,7 r 6,5
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɛɢɥɢɪɭɛɢɧɚ,
ɇɟ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
38,0 r 1,4
13,8 r 1,1
ɦɤɦɨɥɶ/ɝ
19
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɋɄȻ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ. ɉɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɛɢɥɢɪɭɛɢɧɚ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɥɭɛɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ
ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜ 0,1 Ɇ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɩɚɧɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɥɭɛɚ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ – ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɦ
“ɉɨɥɢɮɟɩɚɧ”.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ 2311954. ɗɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɋ.Ⱥ.,
ɓɢɩɤɨ Ɇ.Ʌ., Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ Ȼ.ɇ., ȼɟɩɪɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ., Ʌɟɡɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ȼɂ ʋ 34 . 2007.
2. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɹ ɋɋɋɊ.ɜɵɩ.2 . 11-ɟ ɢɡɞ., Ɇ., 1990. 679 ɫ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɂɋɏɈȾɇɈɃ ɈɄɈɊɄɂ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ ɇȺ ɋɈɊȻɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ
ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɩɪɢɤɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ, Ƚ.ɉ. ɋɤɜɨɪɰɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɂɏɏɌ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɥɭɛɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ [ 1 ].
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɢ ɥɭɛɚ ɜ ɨɤɨɪɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ,
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɪɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ
ɫɦɟɫɢ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɢ ɥɭɛɚ, ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0, 5 ɦɦ, 2 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ NaOH ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60 ɨɋ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 1 ɱ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɟ 5 ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ 0, 1 Ɇ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ Ɇɋ (0,15
%), ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ȼ12 ( 0,01 %) ɢ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɚ (0,6 % ɜ 0,9 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ NaCl), ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ [ 2 ].
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɨɤɨɪɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ Ɇɋ, ɦɝ/ɝ
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ
ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ, %
ȼ12, ɦɝ/ɝ
0
57,1 r 1,7
2,1 r 0,11
5
56,7 r 1,5
2,1 r 0,10
19
53,9 r 1,3
1,9 r 0,08
26
52,8 r 1,3
1,8 r 0,07
58
49,9 r 1,1
1,4 r 0,07
100
47,9 r 1,1
1,1 r 0,04
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɚ,
ɦɝ/ɝ
38,4 r 1,3
38,4 r 1,3
38,3 r 1,3
38,3 r 1,2
38,1 r 1,1
37,9 r 1,1
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 100 % ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ: Ɇɋ ɫ 57,1 ɞɨ 47,9 ɦɝ/ɝ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ȼ12 ɨɬ
2,1 ɞɨ 1,1 ɦɝ/ɝ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɚ ɨɬ 38,4 ɞɨ 37,9 %. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ
ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ȼ12 ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɦ.
Cɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 3,8 r 0,2 %, ɱɬɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ (ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
5,0 %).
20
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ȼ12 ɢ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɚ ɧɟ
ɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɭ ɢɡ ɥɭɛɚ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ.
1. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɹ ɋɋɋɊ.ɜɵɩ.2 . 11-ɟ ɢɡɞ., Ɇ., 1990. 679 ɫ.
2. ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ 2311954. ɗɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɋ.Ⱥ.,
ɓɢɩɤɨ Ɇ.Ʌ., Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ Ȼ.ɇ., ȼɟɩɪɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ., Ʌɟɡɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ȼɂ ʋ 34 . 2007.
ȺɅɖɌȿɊɇȺɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɌɈɉɅɂȼȺ ɂɁ ɇȿɌɊȺȾɂɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄɈȼ
ɋɕɊɖə
ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɢɧɨɤɭɪɨɜ
ɊȽɍ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɂ.Ɇ. Ƚɭɛɤɢɧɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɲɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ. ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ
ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɫɚɧɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɝɭɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ, ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɊȽɍ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɲɺɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ – ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ – ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɢɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɫɢɥɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɯ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ ɪɨɞɨɜ
Agrocybe ɢ Lentinus, ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨ 40-50% ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ (ɧɚ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ).
ɉɟɪɟɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɢɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɨɜ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ,
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (300ɨɋ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ 20 Ɇɉɚ), ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜ
ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɸ 95 – 97% ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5-10 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ – ɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɂɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ (Ɋɢɬɢɡɚɧ), ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɭɥ.
Ȼɢɨɷɬɚɧɨɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ.
ȼ ɊȽɍ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɂɈɏ ɊȺɇ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɋ3 – ɋ10. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɪɟɦɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɰɟɨɥɢɬɵ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.
21
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁȺ ɂɁ ɇȿȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə
Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼɭɪɚɫɤɨ, Ȼ.ɇ. Ⱦɪɢɤɟɪ, Ⱥ.Ɋ. Ɇɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ, ɗ.ȼ. Ɇɟɪɬɢɧ, Ʉ.ɇ. ɑɢɫɬɹɤɨɜɚ
ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɡ ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ, 0ɒɊ
Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɝ/ɝ
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɣɨɞɭ, %
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ
Į-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, %
ɇɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
NaOH (17,5 %), %
ȼɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, %
Ʉɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ
ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ, ɦɦ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ȼɟɥɢɡɧɚ, %
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, %
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɢɫɚ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɚɹ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɚɹ
ɫɨɥɨɦɚ
ɲɟɥɭɯɚ
18
60
8
49
18
63,8
72,3
48,0
95,0
20,9
42,0
37,9
86,4
64,2
77,7
41,5
45,0
83,5
79,3
90,0
98,0
550
700
550
500
220
300
200
500
220
250
-
25
-
27
-
-
700
400
700
1200
89,6
2,5
90,0
3,0
85,0
3,4
-
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɪɵ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɫɵɪɶɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ
ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ, ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɨɣ, ɜɢɫɤɨɡɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɥɟɧɨɤ, ɩɨɞɝɭɡɧɢɤɨɜ) ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɭ-ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ Ƚ-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɤɚɤ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɡɚɝɭɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ
ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ).
22
ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈ- ɂ ɗɇȿɊȽɈɋȻȿɊȿȽȺɘɓɂȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɉɊɂ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȿ
ɇȿȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼɭɪɚɫɤɨ, Ȼ.ɇ. Ⱦɪɢɤɟɪ, Ⱥ.Ɋ. Ɇɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ, ɗ.Ɇ. Ɇɟɪɬɢɧ
ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ (Ʉɢɬɚɣ,
ɂɧɞɢɹ, ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɇȽ, ɪɹɞ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ), ɝɞɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɪɭɩɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɥɟɛɧɵɯ
ɡɥɚɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ,
ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 150…160
0
ɋ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɚ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 40…50 %. ɇɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (SiO2), ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɜɚɪɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɥɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ MILOX (Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɹ) ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ: ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ (ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ 83…85 %); ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ; ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ (100…120 0ɋ) ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɚɪɤɢ (45…180 ɦɢɧ).
ɉɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ȼɚɪɤɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɤɪɟɦɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɭɤɫɭɫɧɭɸ, ɭɤɫɭɫɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ 80…90 0ɋ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – 60…90 ɦɢɧ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ 75…80 % ɨɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɤɪɟɦɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
2…3 % ɨɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɤɪɟɦɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɛɟɥɢɡɧɚ 88…92 %.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ ɲɟɥɭɯɢ ɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɯ
ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɤɪɭɩɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ, ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼɇɍɌɊɂɆɈɅȿɄɍɅəɊɇȺə ɄɈɇȾȿɇɋȺɐɂə 2,3-ɋȿɄɈɌɊɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ
1,4-ȾɂɐɂȺɇɈɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɚɥɚɣɤɨ, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɦɚɱɟɜɚ, ȼ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɲɤɨ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ 2-ɰɢɚɧɨ-1-ɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ [1].
ɐɟɚɧɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɫ ɩɹɬɢɱɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ Ⱥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ [2]. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɥɥɨɛɟɬɭɥɨɧɚ, ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɝɥɢɰɢɪɪɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɬɭɥɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɨɤɫɢɦɨɜ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨ Ȼɟɤɦɚɧɭ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ 2,3-ɫɟɤɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɧɢɬɪɢɥɨɜ 1-3.
23
NC
NC
ɚ
R
NC
ɛ
R
HO N=C
HOC
ɜ
R
NC
R
H2N
NC
4-6
1-3
10-12
7-9
COOMe
O
O
ɢɥɢ R (3, 6, 9, 12) =
ɢɥɢ R (2, 5, 8, 11) =
R (1, 4, 7, 10) =
COOCH3
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ: ɚ) NH2OH HCl/ C2H5OH/ C6H5N; ɛ) (CH3CO)2O/ CH3COONa; ɜ) t-C4H9OH/ t-C4H9OK.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɰɢɤɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ Ɍɨɪɩɭ 2,3-ɫɟɤɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɞɢɧɢɬɪɢɥɨɜ 7-9, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɚɥɶɞɨɤɫɢɦɨɜ 4-6, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɥɟɚɧɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ
ɥɭɩɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɟɧɚɦɢɧɚ ɢ ɰɢɚɧɨɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɜ ɩɹɬɢɱɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ Ⱥ,
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ
«Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ» ɢ
ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɊɎɎɂ ʋ 08-03-00265ɚ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. T. Honda, B.A.V. Rounds, G.W. Gribble, N. Suh, Y.Wang, M.B. Sporn // Bioorg. Med.
Chem. Lett., 1998. ʋ 8. P. 2711.
2. S. Suksamrarn, P. Panseeta, S. Kunchanawatta, T. Distaporn, S. Ruktasing, A.
Suksamrarn // Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2006. ʋ 54. P. 535.
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ 2,3-ɋȿɄɈɌɊɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕȿ ȽɂȾɊȺɁɈɇɕ
ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɚɥɚɣɤɨ1, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɦɚɱɟɜɚ1, ȼ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɲɤɨ1, Ʌ.ȼ. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ2, ȿ.ɇ. ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɨɜɚ2,
ɋ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɫɬɟɪɟɜɚ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ
2 - Ɏɢɥɢɚɥ ɎȽɍɉ «ɇɉɈ «Ɇɢɤɪɨɝɟɧ» ɆɁ ɊɎ «ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɟ ɇɉɈ «Ȼɢɨɦɟɞ»
[email protected]
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɚɧɬɢ-ɚɧɝɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɨɧɨɜ ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɨɜ
ɛɟɬɭɥɨɧɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
[1,2],
ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
2,3-ɫɟɤɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɧɢɬɪɢɥɨɜ ɥɭɩɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɥɟɚɧɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɨɧɵ 3ɚ-ɢ, 4ɚ-ɢ.
RHNNH2
R
NC
R
NC
1
OHC
R NHN HC
C2H5OH, CH3COOH
3ɚ-ɢ,
4ɚ-ɢ
1,2
O
(1, 3)
COOCH3
ɢɥɢ
(2, 4)
R=
R1 = CH3- (a); C4H9CH- (ɛ); C10H21 - (ɜ); C14H29- (ɝ); ɋ6ɇ5- (ɞ);
C2H5
C
(ɡ);
C
N
C
C
N
(ɢ)
C
C
C
S
C
C
C
C
24
N
C
C
Cl
(ɠ);
C
C
C
C
C
Cl
CH3
C
C
C
O CH CO
C
C
(ɟ);
C
C
C
C Cl
CO
C
C
C
C
C
Cl
O CH2
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɝɢɞɪɚɡɨɧ 4ɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
0,00016 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ȼȼɋ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 0,21 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɟɬ
ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ȼȼɋ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨ ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 7,8 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ:
ɝɢɞɪɚɡɨɧ 4ɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Streptococcus pneumoniae,
3ɛ – ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɨɫɬ Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɦ ɊɎɎɂ ʋ 09-03-00642ɚ ɢ ɐɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ
ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɍɪɈ ɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Ɉ.Ȼ. Ɏɥɟɯɬɟɪ, ȿ.ɇ. Ȼɨɪɟɤɨ, Ʌ.Ɋ. ɇɢɝɦɚɬɭɥɥɢɧɚ, ɇ.ɂ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, ɋ.ɇ. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ.
ɋɚɜɢɧɨɜɚ, ȼ.Ɏ. ȿɪɟɦɢɧ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɥɬɢɧɚ, Ɏ.Ɂ. Ƚɚɥɢɧ, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜ // Ȼɢɨɨɪɝɚɧ.
ɯɢɦɢɹ, 2003. Ɍ. 29, ʋ3. ɋ. 326.
2. R. Mukherjee, M. Jaggi, P. Rajendran, M.J.A. Siddiqui, S.K. Srivastava, A. Vardhan, A.
Burman // Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2004. ʋ 14. P. 2184.
ɆɈɊɋɄɂȿ ȻɂɈɊȿɋɍɊɋɕ – ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɇȺə ɋɕɊɖȿȼȺə ȻȺɁȺ
ȻɂɈɌɈɉɅɂȼɇɈɃ ɂɇȾɍɋɌɊɂɂ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ƚɚɥɵɧɤɢɧ1, Ⱥ.ɏ. ȿɧɢɤɟɟɜ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɞɠɢɭ3, ȿ.ɂ. ɉɨɦɟɲɚɥɤɢɧ3, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɇɚɭɦɨɜ3,
Ƚ.ȼ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ3
1 - ɈȺɈ Ƚɢɩɪɨɪɵɛɮɥɨɬ, ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɢɹ
2 - ɁȺɈ ɇɂɂ Ɋɨɫɛɢɨ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ), ɝ.
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ) ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ –
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ – ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɪɨɫɬ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ, ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɤɚɬɨɜ.
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ.
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɛɢɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɪɵɛ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɭ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɮɭɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 73-74%, ɜ ɬ.ɱ.
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɨ 20%. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 24,1 ɤɝ/ɦ2 ɜ
ɝɨɞ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɜ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɞɚɜɚɬɶ 18 ɦɥɧ. ɥɢɬɪɨɜ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɩɨ
ɩɟɥɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɦɟɡɚɩɟɥɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɵɛɚɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 34 ɦɥɧ. ɬɨɧɧ ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
8,5 ɦɥɧ. ɬɨɧɧ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɛɢɨɞɢɡɟɥɹ.
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɞɢɡɟɥɹ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɪɵɛ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɨɞɢɡɟɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɞɚɯ ɢ ɜ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ʉɪɚɣɧɟɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ.
25
ɐɂɌɈɌɈɄɋɂɑȿɋɄȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ȺɆɂɇɈɉɊɈɉɂɅɈɄɋɂɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ȻȿɌɍɅɂɇȺ ɂ ɗɊɂɌɊɈȾɂɈɅȺ
Ƚ.ȼ. Ƚɢɧɢɹɬɭɥɥɢɧɚ1, Ɉ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɚ1, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜ1, Ƚ.ɇ. Ⱥɩɪɵɲɤɨ2
1 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɍɮɚ
2 - Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.ɇ. Ȼɥɨɯɢɧɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
[email protected]
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɰɢɚɧɷɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɞɢɨɥɚ ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɨɥɢɡɨɦ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ 3ȕ,28-ɞɢ-Ɉ-[3-(ɚɦɢɧɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɤɫɢ)]-ɥɭɩɚ-20(29)-ɟɧ 1 ɢ 3ȕ-Ɉ-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-28Ɉ-[3-(ɚɦɢɧɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɤɫɢ)]-ɨɥɟɚɧ-12-ɟɧ 2. ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ in vitro
(ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ) ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ 1, 2 ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɜ National Cancer Institute (ɋɒȺ) ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ 60
ɥɢɧɢɣ 9 ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ 1 ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɨ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ in vitro ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɤɚ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɣ
ɤɢɲɤɢ (HT29), ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɹ ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬ ɞɨ 13.99 % ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɤ ɞɜɭɦ ɥɢɧɢɹɦ ɥɟɣɤɨɡɧɵɯ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɪɨɫɬ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ K-562 ɞɨ 0.87 % ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ
ɝɢɛɟɥɶ 35.45 % ɤɥɟɬɨɤ SR. Ʉ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ 2 ɛɵɥɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɤɚ
ɬɨɥɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ (HCT-116 ɢ HT29), ɨɞɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɤɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ (MCF7),
ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɥɟɣɤɨɡɨɜ (CCRF-CEM, HL-60(TB), K-562, SR), ɨɞɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
ɦɟɥɚɧɨɦɵ (LOX IMVI). ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ in vitro ɧɚ 60 ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɹɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ 2 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ
ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ in vivo. Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɮɨɪɧɵɣ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ - ɚɦɢɧɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɤɫɢɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɢ
ɷɪɢɬɪɨɞɢɨɥɚ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɪɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦ.
CH2O
H2N
NH2
O
CH2O
HO
1
NH2
2
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 08-03-00868). Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬ NCI ɡɚ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ 1, 2.
ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇȺə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɑȺȽɂ
ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɱɢɤɨɜ
ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɩɥɟɫɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɝɪɢɛɭ ɱɚɝɚ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɱɚɝɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ, ɚ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ
26
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɱɚɝɢ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɠɨɦɚ ɱɚɝɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɱɚɝɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɩɟɪɤɨɥɹɰɢɢ (ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ
«Ȼɟɮɭɧɝɢɧ»).
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɠɨɦ ɱɚɝɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɠɨɦ: ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 1: (2-6), ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ
4 ɞɨ 32ȼ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 25, 40, 55ɨɋ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɢ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɞɨ
ɪɇ 4-5. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɫɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ (ɉɎɄ), ɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɠɨɦɚ
ɱɚɝɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ,
ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɫɭɯɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɛɳɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɉɎɄ ɧɚ 7-24%. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ - 40-55ɨɋ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɠɨɦ: ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ - 1:2, ɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 40-80 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 4-8ȼ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɱɚɝɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɞɨ 86-92%. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɤɢ ɱɚɝɢ.
ȻɂɋɄɍɆȺɊɂɇɕ ȼ ɋɂɇɌȿɁȿ ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅɖɇɈ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ
ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ
Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. Ɏɟɞɨɬɨɜɚ
ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.Ƚ. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ, ɝ. ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɭ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ 34 ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɯ Apiaceae, Rutaceae,
Fabaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Solanaceae. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ.
Ⱦɢɤɭɦɚɪɨɥ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ
ɬɪɨɦɛɨɡɨɜ. ɇɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɨɜ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ȼ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɛɢɫɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɨɜ. ɇɚɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 3,3'-(ɮɟɧɢɥ)- (1), 3,3'-((3-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥ)(2), 3,3'-((4-ɯɥɨɪɮɟɧɢɥ)- (3), 3,3'-((4-(ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧɨ)ɮɟɧɢɥ)ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧ)ɛɢɫ(4-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-2Hɯɪɨɦɟɧ-2-ɨɧɨɜ) (4) ɫ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧɨɦ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɢɫɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɨɜ 1 ɢ 2 ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ 3,3'-(ɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɢɥɟɧ)- (5) ɢ 3,3'-((3-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥ)ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧ)ɛɢɫ(4ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧɢɥ-2H-ɯɪɨɦɟɧ-2-ɨɧɨɜ) (6). Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɫɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɚ 3 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɨɧɚ 7. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ əɆɊ 1ɇ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 7 ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɢ ɋ4 ɝɟɬɟɪɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ɤɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ
3-((4-ɯɥɨɪɮɟɧɢɥ)(4-ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧɢɥ-2-ɨɤɫɨ-2H-ɯɪɨɦɟɧ-3ɢɥ)ɦɟɬɢɥ)ɯɪɨɦɚɧ-2,4-ɞɢɨɧɚ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ 5 ɢ 6 ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɟɧɚɦɢɧɨɜ, ɱɬɨ
27
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ əɆɊ1ɇ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɫɢɧɝɥɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɟɬɢɱɧɨɦ ɚɬɨɦɟ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 3.65 ɦ. ɞ. ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ 4
ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɞɟɡɚɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ 3,3'-ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɛɢɫ(4-ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧɢɥ-2H-ɯɪɨɦɟɧ-2ɨɧɚ) (8) , ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 38 %. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 8 ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ. Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ 4-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɚ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ
ɞɢɤɭɦɚɪɨɥ (9), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧ ɜ ɞɢɟɧɚɦɢɧ 8.
ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈȿ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɂ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ɄȺɅɂə
ɉɊɂ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂɂ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɓȿɅɈɑɇɈɃ ɄȺɅɂɃɇɈɃ ȼȺɊɄɂ
Ʉ.ɋ. Ⱦɚɜɥɹɲɢɧ, Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɡɭɯɢɧɚ
ɋɉɛȽɅɌȺ ɢɦ. ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɢ ɜɫɺ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɜɚɪɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ. ɇɚ 1 ɝɚ ɩɨɫɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 40 ɞɨ 200 ɤɝ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɤɚɥɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɭɦɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ (ɥɢɝɧɢɧ,
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ (ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɛɟɥɤɢ). Ⱦɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ
ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɭɫɜɨɹɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɤɚɥɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɺɯ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ (ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ – ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ – ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ), ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɡɚɜɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɤɚɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ CO2
ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɨɜ, ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ.
ȼ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɚɥɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɚ ɞɨ 130-140°ɋ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 3…5 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɪɹɞɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɢ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60,2 %, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɠɺɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ – 57,0%; ɦɹɝɤɨɣ –
54,3%. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɢ
ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ
28
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɄȺɌɂɈɇɈɈȻɆȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌɈȼ ɂɁ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ɂ.ɉ. Ⱦɟɣɧɟɤɨ, Ⱥ.ɋ. ɏɚɤɚɥɨ, ɂ.ȼ. Ⱦɟɣɧɟɤɨ, ɂ.ɋ. Ʉɪɭɝɥɨɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɭ ɨɬɝɨɧɹɥɢ, ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɢ 2-ɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥɨɦ,
ɜɨɞɨɣ, 1 ɧ NaOH, ɜɨɞɨɣ, 1 ɧ HCl ɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬ
ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɥɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
Ɉɛɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɝ
ȼɵɯɨɞ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ
H2SO4, %
H2SO4, %
95
1093
39
338
31
20
1,0
248
140
6,0
Ɍ, ɨɋ
ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɚ,
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ
ɫɥɚɛɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ
%
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
133
61,9
1,0
3,6
98
50,2
0,32
4,0
125
52,4
0,83
5,3
151
58,5
1,1
5,8
98
51,3
0,54
2,4
125
58,7
1,2
3,9
174
72,8
1,1
2,6
98
50,0
0,27
2,3
125
57,7
1,1
3,6
174
64,0
0,74
3,5
139
59,1
0,10
1,7
169
46,3
0,07
1,2
29
ɇȺɇɈȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɇɕȿ PT, PD ɂ AU ɄȺɌȺɅɂɁȺɌɈɊɕ ɋȿɅȿɄɌɂȼɇɈȽɈ
ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂə ɋȺɏȺɊɈȼ
ɂ.ȼ. Ⱦɟɥɢɞɨɜɢɱ, Ɉ.ɉ. Ɍɚɪɚɧ, Ʌ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɬɜɢɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ.ɇ. ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ, Ȼ.Ʌ. Ɇɨɪɨɡ, ɉ.Ⱥ. ɉɵɪɹɟɜ,
ɂ.Ʌ. ɋɢɦɚɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ. ɏɨɥɨɞɨɜɢɱ, ȼ.ɂ. Ȼɭɯɬɢɹɪɨɜ, ȼ.ɇ. ɉɚɪɦɨɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɦ. Ƚ.Ʉ. Ȼɨɪɟɫɤɨɜɚ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ, ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨɣ, ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ Pt, Pd ɢ Au ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ,
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
(ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ, ɫɨɪɛɨɡɚ, ɥɚɤɬɨɡɚ), ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɟɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ.
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ
(ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ (ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞ), ɥɚɤɬɨɡɚ (ɞɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞ)): ɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ Pt < Pd < Au ɩɪɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ 97%. ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ Pt/ɋ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ <dPt> = 1-5 ɧɦ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ Pd/C, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ (<dPd> = 3
ɧɦ), ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ Pd (<dPd> = 6
ɧɦ). ȼ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Pd ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ. ɋ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɊɎɗɋ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɬ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɪɛɨɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɟɬɨɡɨɣ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ Pt ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ Pd ɢ Au, ɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ 2-ɤɟɬɨ-ɝɭɥɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 20%. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ȼɗɀɏ-Ɇɋ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɛɨɡɵ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɊɎɎɂ ʋʋ08-03-00823, 08-03-91758,
09-03-12272 ɢ Ɏɐɉ "ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ
2009-2013 ɝ.ɝ.".
ȽɂȾɊɈɌɊɈɉɇȺə ȾȿɅɂȽɇɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɆɂɋɄȺɇɌɍɋȺ ɄɂɌȺɃɋɄɈȽɈ
Ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɟɧɢɫɨɜɚ1, Ɋ.ɘ. Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜ2
1 - ȻɌɂ ȺɥɬȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɂ.ɂ. ɉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɚ, Ȼɢɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɉɏɗɌ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ȼɢɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɟ. Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɚɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. ɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ 3 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ: ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɟ,
ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ
ɧɟɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
ɇɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɥɢɲɟɧɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ, ɧɨ ɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɧɟɞɪɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɪɨɩɧɚɹ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ (ȽȾ)
ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ Ʌȼɀ, ɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
30
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ȽȾ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɫ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ 90% ɛɟɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜɢɞ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ – Ɇɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ 30% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ
ɛɟɧɡɨɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ. Ⱦɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɟ (3 ɱ) ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 155165qɋ ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ 1:15. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɥɢ ɞɨ 50-60qɋ ɢ
ɨɬɠɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɫɫɟ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɨɣ 30% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɛɟɧɡɨɚɬɚ
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ 50-60qɋ (ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ) ɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɫɭɲɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 100-110qɋ ɞɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɵ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 52% (ɚ.ɫ.ɫ.). Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ: ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
– 89%, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ – 1035 ɟɞ. (ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌɭ 9105-74), ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ – 5%, ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
– 2,1%, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ – 10,5 %.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 32%. ɂɄɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɦ ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ȽȾ Ɇɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ,
ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ȽȾ Ɇɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ ɜ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ.
SE-ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂȿ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə ɄȺɄ ɄɈɊɆɈȼɕȿ ȾɈȻȺȼɄɂ ȾɅə
ȼɈɋɉɈɅɇȿɇɂə ȾȿɎɂɐɂɌȺ ɋȿɅȿɇȺ ȼ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁɆȿ ɀɂȼɈɌɇɕɏ
Ⱥ.Ɂ. Ⱦɠɭɦɚɧɚɡɚɪɨɜɚ, Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɲɵɦɛɚɟɜɚ, Ɍ. ɑɭɧɝɭɥɨɜɚ, Ʉ. ɗɪɧɚɡɚɪɨɜ
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɮɢɬɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɇȺɇ ɄɊ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧ, ɝ.Ȼɢɲɤɟɤ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɥɟɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɫɫɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɬɤɚɧɟɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɷɧɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ.
ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɟɥɟɧɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɥɢɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɦ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɥɟɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ. ȼ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Se
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɟɥɟɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ – ɫɟɥɟɧɨɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɚ (Se-Met) ɢ ɫɟɥɟɧɨɰɢɫɬɟɢɧɚ (Se-Cys). Ʉɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɥɟɧ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɟ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ
ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɫ ɬɟɦ,
ɱɬɨ Se ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ, ɜ
ɫɟɥɟɧɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɟɥɟɧɚɬɟ, +4 ɢ +6, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɟɥɟɧ 2-ɯ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɟɧ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɟɥɟɧ-ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ ɦɚɥɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɚ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ Se-Met ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɚɯ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɦɚɥɨ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɥ,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ, ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɬɨɦ ɢ
ɫɟɥɟɧɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ. ɍ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ
ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɥɟɧɨɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ Se-Met, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɟɥɟɧ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɤɚɤ
ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɑɭɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɢ ɂɫɫɵɤ-Ʉɭɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɤ ɤɨɪɦɚɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ,
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɦ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ (ɦɝ/ɤɝ): ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɛɚɪɛɚɪɢɫɚ
(0,017), ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɪɹɛɢɧɵ (0,019), ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɤɚɥɢɧɵ (0,017), ɨɤɨɥɨɩɥɨɞɧɢɤ ɝɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ
(0,032), ɯɜɨɹ ɫɨɫɧɵ (0,08), ɩɨɥɵɧɶ, ɝɨɪɶɤɚɹ (0,026-0,027), ɩɨɥɵɧɶ, ɜɟɧɱɢɣ (0,028-0,09)
31
ɩɨɥɵɧɶ, ɫɚɧɬɨɥɢɫɬɵɣ (0,027-0,029). Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɥɨɫɶ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ Se
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɚɫɬɪɚɝɚɥɵ: ɨɬ 1 ɞɨ 5 ɦɝ/ɤɝ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɢɡ ɑɭɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɂɫɫɵɤɄɭɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɢɧɵ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ.
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə ɋ ɐȿɅɖɘ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɈȼ ɆɈɌɈɊɇɕɏ ɌɈɉɅɂȼ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɡɸɛɟɧɤɨ, ɘ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɪɢɧɢɱɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ʌ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɂ. ɇɟɯɚɟɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɧɟɮɬɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɍɨɩɱɢɟɜɚ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ʉɫɢɥɨɡɚ - ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɣ ɫɚɯɚɪ - ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɤɫɢɥɚɧɚɦɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ (ɞɨ 28%) ɨɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɟɜɲɢɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ. Ʉɫɢɥɢɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɤɫɢɥɨɡɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɤɫɢɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɤɫɢɥɢɬɚ. Ʉɟɬɚɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɤɬɚɧɨɜɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ
ɤɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɫɟɪɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɦ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɨɥɢɬ-ȕ,
ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬ Ʉɍ-2 ɢ Nafion, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɟɪɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɫɢɥɢɬɚ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ Nafion (ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 30%), ɰɟɨɥɢɬɚ-ȕ ɢ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɚ Ʉɍ-2. ȼ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ
ɪɨɫɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ 40 ɞɨ 50ɨɋ.
O
OH
O
O
+
HO
OH
OH
O
H+
-H2O
H 3C
CH3
O
O
O
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɫɢɥɨɡɵ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɰɟɨɥɢɬɚ-ȕ, Nafion
ɢ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɚ Ʉɍ-2. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 45-55ɨɋ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ ɇȺ ȻȺɁȿ ȺɅɅɈɈɐɂɆȿɇȺ
Ɇ.ɋ. Ⱦɡɸɪɤɟɜɢɱ, ə.ȼ. ȼɟɪɟɦɟɣɱɢɤ, ȼ.ȼ. ɉɥɟɦɟɧɤɨɜ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɂɦɦɚɧɭɢɥɚ Ʉɚɧɬɚ, ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɯɢɦɢɢ, Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɥɨɨɰɢɦɟɧɚ ɫ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚɦɢ (ɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɢ
ɰɢɬɪɚɤɨɧɨɜɵɦ) ɢ ɛɟɧɡɨɯɢɧɨɧɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɚɞɞɭɤɬɚɦ ȾɢɥɶɫɚȺɥɶɞɟɪɚ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (I–IV) ɛɵɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɢɩɢɢ,
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ ɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɊɋȺ). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɝɢɨ- ɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨ-ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɞɞɭɤɬɚ ɫ ɰɢɬɪɚɤɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ (II),
32
ɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɬ ɞɢɟɧɨɮɢɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɫ ɢɡɨɛɭɬɟɧɢɥɶɧɵɦ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɦ. ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɚɞɞɭɤɬ ɚɥɥɨɨɰɢɦɟɧɚ ɫ ɛɟɧɡɨɯɢɧɨɧɨɦ (III), ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɧɨɧɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɟ IV (ɫɯɟɦɚ 1).
ɋɯɟɦɚ 1
H3C
CH3
H3C
H3C
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH3
O
O
O
R
O
R
CH3
O
O
O
H3C
H3C
CH3
O
CH3
OH
O
H3C
CH3
O
CH3
III
I (R = H), II (R = CH3)
OH
IV
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɚɞɞɭɤɬɨɜ I ɢ II ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɚɦɢɞɨɜ (ɫɯɟɦɚ 2). ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ VI ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɊɋȺ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ 2
H3C
H3C
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH3
O
R
COOH
R
H2O
O
N
H
R
COOH
H3C
CH3
COOH
H3C
CH3
O
O
N
O
H3C
O
CH3
VI (R = H)
V (R = H)
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɮɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɛɢɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ.
ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɗɎɂɊɇɈȽɈ ɆȺɋɅȺ ɄȿȾɊɈȼɈȽɈ ɋɌɅȺɇɇɂɄȺ PINUS PUMILA
(PALL.) REGEL
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɦɪɚɱɟɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɬɚɪɨɞɭɛɨɜ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ1
1 - ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɬɥɚɧɢɤɚ (Pinus pumila (Ɋɚll.) Regɟl., Pinaceae), ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ [1].
Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɚɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 0,64 ɞɨ 1,13% ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɫ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
Cɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Ƚɀɏ-Ɇɋ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɯ Agilent 5973N ɢ
Agilent 5973N EI/PCI ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɨɣ ɇɊ-5ms. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ
ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ [2].
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ 7 ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢɡ ɯɜɨɢ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɫ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɨɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Į-ɩɢɧɟɧ (23–38%), ɤɚɦɮɟɧ (5,1–6,6%), ȕ-ɦɢɪɰɟɧ (3,4–6,1%), 3-ɤɚɪɟɧ (4,0–14,9%), ɥɢɦɨɧɟɧ
33
(5,3–8,9%), ȕ-ɮɟɥɥɚɧɞɪɟɧ (7,0–10,4%) ɢ ɬɟɪɩɢɧɨɥɟɧ (5,1–8,2%). ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 30 ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ
ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ (0,8–2,3%), ɝɭɦɭɥɟɧ (0,5–2,2%), į-ɤɚɞɢɧɟɧ (2,1–4,5%), Ɍ-ɤɚɞɢɧɨɥ (0,6–2,0%)
ɢ Į-ɤɚɞɢɧɨɥ (0,7–2,5%), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɜɚ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɰɟɦɛɪɟɧ (0,4–1,5%) ɢ
ɢɡɨɰɟɦɛɪɟɧ (0,1–0,5%).
1. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɧɚ 2009–2011 ɝɝ. (ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 53 Ƚɟɧɨɮɨɧɞ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ
ɍɪɚɥɚ ɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ: ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ).
2. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ. ɂɉɉ «Ɉɮɫɟɬ».
2008
ɈɉɌɂɆɂɁȺɐɂə ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ ɉɂɊɈɅɂɁȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
ɋ.ȼ. ȿɩɢɮɚɧɰɟɜ, Ⱥ.ɉ. Ʉɨɪɨɩɱɭɤ, ɂ.ȼ. ɍɫɬɢɦɨɜ, Ɋ.ɂ. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɚ
ɋȽɍ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɉɢɪɨɥɢɡ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ (ɞɨ 50%) ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ, ɫɵɪɶɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɢɪɨɥɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɛɟɡ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ (500-800 °ɋ)
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɠɭɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɟ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ ɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɚ.
ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 18 ɞɨ
500°ɋ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɞɨ 250-280 °ɋ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɭɲɤɢ. Ⱥ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 300 °ɋ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢ
ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ 90-110 ɦɢɧɭɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
280-400 °ɋ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɟɧ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ, ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɝɚɡ,
ɭɝɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɢ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɚɧ, ɷɬɚɧ,
ɩɪɨɩɚɧ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɭɬɚɧɵ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɡɨɩɟɧɬɚɧɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɋ4 ɢ ɋ5.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɭɝɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 27 % ɦɚɫɫ. ɩɪɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɟ.
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɟɱɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ 3,5 ºɋ/ɦɢɧ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ 13,5 ºɋ/ɦɢɧ.
ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ
ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 1,4 ɞɨ 2,5 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ
ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɚɡ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɩɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɟɱɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ.
34
ɇɈȼɕȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ȺɁɈɌɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ ȽɍɆɂɇɈȼɕɏ
ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ ɂɁ ɌɈɊɎȺ
Ɇ.ȼ. ȿɮɚɧɨɜ1, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɇɨɜɨɠɟɧɨɜ2, ȼ.ɇ. Ɏɪɚɧɤɢɜɫɤɢɣ1
1 - ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ɘɝɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ"
2 - ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ"
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɢ
ɚɦɦɢɚɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɝɭɦɚɬɨɜ [1].
ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɤɫɢɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɟɝɨ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ - ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ [2, 3]. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɮɹɧɵɯ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɤɫɢɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ
ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɚɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɹɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɟ
ɫɨɪɬɚ «Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪ» ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [4]. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ
ɨɤɫɢɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɨɪɮɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ 97 ɝ/ɥ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ: 0.01 ɢ 0.03 % ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 1.0 ɰ/ɝɚ ɢ ɧɚ 1.5 ɰ/ɝɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɦ
ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ. ȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɬɨɪɮɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ 5.5 %
ɚɡɨɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɧɚ 26 – 34 %.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Ɉɪɥɨɜ Ⱦ.ɋ. Ƚɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɟ. // ɋɨɪɨɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ.
– 1997. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 56–63.
2. ȿɮɚɧɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ., Ƚɚɥɨɱɤɢɧ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɉɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɦɦɨɧɨɥɢɡ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. // ɏɢɦɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. – 2007. – ʋ 6. – ɋ. 65 – 67.
3. ȿɮɚɧɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ., ɑɟɪɧɟɧɤɨ ɉ.ɉ., ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ
ɬɨɪɮɚ. // ɏɢɦɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. – 2010. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 67 – 71.
4. Ⱦɨɫɩɟɯɨɜ Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ. – Ɇ.: Ʉɨɥɨɫɫ, 1985. – 236ɫ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɐɉ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ 2009 – 2013 ɝɨɞɵ» (ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ʋ ɉ2446).
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ȼɈȾɈɊɈȾȺ ɉɊɂ ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
Ⱦ.ɂ. ɀɭɪɚɯɨɜɫɤɚɹ, ɇ.Ȼ. Ƚɨɥɭɛ
ɇɌɌɍ Ʉɉɂ, Ʉɢɟɜ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
[email protected]
ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ,
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 50% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɞ ɫɜɚɥɤɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ, ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɯ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ – ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
35
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ - ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɫ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɜɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ. Ʉɚɤ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ.
ȼ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɭɤɰɟɫɫɢɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɜɡɹɬɵɦɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
(ɥɢɫɬɶɹ, ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ, ɢɥ). ȼ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ, ɤɚɤ Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Cellulomonas, Bacillus. ɉɪɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɰɟɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ: ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ
ɦɟɬɚɧɨɝɟɧɟɡ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ,
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɪɨɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (0,4 ɦɝ/ɱɚɫ, S
= 4ɫɦ²) ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ,
ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɟɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɫ ɞɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɩɟɫɤɚ 20
ɫɦ., ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ (900ɋ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 20 ɦɢɧ., ɪɇ =
8-8,5. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɨɞɵ: Clostridium, Bacillus. ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɋɈ2, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɢ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ.
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɋȼȿɊɏɄɊɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɆ ȾɂɈɄɋɂȾɈɆ
ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾȺ ɄȺɄ ɈɋɇɈȼȺ “ɁȿɅȿɇɈɃ” ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ ɂɁ ȼɈɁɈȻɇɈȼɅəȿɆɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ1, Ⱥ. ɂɞɪɢɫɫɢ2, Ɇ.Ƚ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜ1, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɵɲɢɧ1, Ɋ.Ⱦ. Ɉɩɚɪɢɧ1, ȼ.Ɇ. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ3,
ȿ.ɉ. Ȼɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ3
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɊȺɇ, ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɥɨɝɢɢ, Ʌɢɥɶ, Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ
3 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ
ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ. Ɇɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ.
Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɟ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ –
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɫ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɟɣ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ.
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ – ɫɨ-ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
36
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɚɫɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ «Ɂɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ». Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɂɁ ɆɂɋɄȺɇɌɍɋȺ ɇȺ ɈɉɕɌɇɈɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈɃ ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȿ
ȼ.ɇ. Ɂɨɥɨɬɭɯɢɧ, ȼ.ȼ. Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ, Ɋ.ɘ. Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜ
ɂɉɏɗɌ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ȼɢɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ - Miscanthus sinensis ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ [1, 2]. ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ
ɦɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɹɯ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɰɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ (ɝ.
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ) ɜ 2008 ɝɨɞɭ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɦɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ (Ɉɉɍ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ «ɚɡɨɬɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɦɭ»
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɜɟɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɢɡ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ [3] ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɧɚɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɧɢ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɥɶɧɹɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ [4].
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɧɨ
ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɡɨɬɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ [3], ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɫ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ, ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɧɚ Ɉɉɍ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɢɡ ɦɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ
38 %. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ D-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ – 90,3 % ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 9105-74) – 607
ɟɞ. Ɉɬɛɟɥɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 34 % (ɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫ) ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ: ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 0,4-0,5 % ɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ 1,2-2,6 %, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ – 500-536 ɟɞ. ɉɚɪɬɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ.
1. Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ȼ., Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜ Ɋ.ɘ., Ɂɨɥɨɬɭɯɢɧ ȼ.ɇ., ɋɚɤɨɜɢɱ Ƚ.ȼ. ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
Ɇɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ//ɉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ, 2009. ʋ 3. ɋ. 328-335.
2. Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ȼ., Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜ Ɋ.ɘ., Ɂɨɥɨɬɭɯɢɧ ȼ.ɇ., ɋɚɤɨɜɢɱ Ƚ.ȼ. ɇɨɜɵɟ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ/ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɯɢɦɢɢ: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ȼɫɟɪɨɫ. ɧɚɭɱ.-ɬɟɯɧ. ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ. ɤɨɧɮ.. Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ʉɚɡɚɧ. ɝɨɫ.
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2009. ɋ. 275-281.
3. ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧ ɇ.ɂ. ɏɢɦɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ɇ.-Ʌ.: Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ. 1962. ɋ. 457.
4. əɪɭɥɥɢɧ Ɋ.ɇ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱦɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɥɶɧɹɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
//ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ Ʉɚɡ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ʉɚɡ. ɝɨɫ. ɬɟɯɧɨɥ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2008. – ɋ. 133-136.
37
ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɇȺə ɌɊȺɇɋɎɈɊɆȺɐɂə ȻȿɌɍɅɂɇȺ ɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ
ɌɊɂȺɐɂɅȽɅɂɐȿɊɂȾɈȼ ɆɂɄɊɈɈɊȽȺɇɂɁɆȺɆɂ
ȼ.ȼ. Ɂɨɪɢɧ, ɇ.ɂ. ɉɟɬɭɯɨɜɚ
ɍɮɢɦɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɏɟɦɨ-, ɪɟɝɢɨ- ɢ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ,
ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ,
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ,
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ,
ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɦɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɟɧɬɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ (3ȕ,28-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-20(29)-ɥɭɩɟɧ), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɪɟ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ. Ʌɢɩɢɞɵ ɦɚɫɥɟɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟɪɨɡɚ, ɹɡɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ, ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɢ, ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ (ɩɪɨɫɬɚɝɥɚɧɞɢɧɨɜ, ɬɪɨɦɛɨɤɫɚɧɨɜ, ɥɟɣɤɨɬɪɢɟɧɨɜ).
ɇɚɦɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɛɢɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɯɟɦɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɜ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɭɸ (3ȕ-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-20(29)-ɥɭɩɟɧ-28-ɨɜɭɸ) ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ
– ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɣ ɚɝɟɧɬ, ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ ɪɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ (ɥɶɧɹɧɨɝɨ, ɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ,
ɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɩɢɞɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɪɧɵɟ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɚɪɚɯɢɞɨɧɨɜɭɸ ɢ ɷɣɤɨɡɨɩɟɧɬɚɟɧɨɜɭɸ) ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɥɤɢɥɨɜɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɪɨɫɬɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ
ɪɹɞɟ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɛɨɛɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ.
ɉɈȻɈɑɇɕȿ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ, ɂɏ
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ
Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ɂɜɚɧɟɧɤɨ
ɋɉɛȽɅɌȺ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ 30% ɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɜ ɮɟɧɨɥ-ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ
ɫɦɨɥɚɯ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ-ɮɟɧɨɥ-ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɧɟɪɵ, ɱɬɨ
ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɨɥ ɢ ɮɚɧɟɪɵ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɦɭɥɶɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɬɭɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɞɨɪɨɝ
ɚɫɮɚɥɶɬɨɛɟɬɨɧɨɦ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɪɨɝ, ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɫɨɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɥɚɬɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɦ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɅɌɄ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɠ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ(ɉɉ). ɉɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɡ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɦ Ʌ-63 ɢ ɅɌɄ(ɩɥɟɧɤɢ ɢ
ɬɚɪɨɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɹɳɢɤɢ) ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ. ɂɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ
ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɲɢɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ
ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɚ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
38
ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɦ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɦ (Al2(SO4)3) ɢ ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɚɤɪɢɥɚɦɢɞɨɦ (ɉȺȺ), ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɲɥɚɦ-ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ(ɒɅɋȼ). ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ,
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ(ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɚɹ ɜɚɪɤɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ) ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ
ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɕȿ ɉɊȿȼɊȺɓȿɇɂə ɍȽɅȿȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɈȼ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ-ɌɈɊɎɈɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅȿɃ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ
ɆȿɏȺɇɈȺɄɌɂȼȺɐɂɂ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ, ɇ.ȼ. ɘɞɢɧɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ɍɨɦɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɬɨɪɮɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɱɜ. ɇɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ 20-30% ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ. ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɢ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ-ɬɨɪɮɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɫɮɚɝɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɯ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɵɣ ɝɪɢɛ (ɱɚɝɚ),
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ (ɆȺ) ɜ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɯ ȺɉɎ
(ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɚɹ) ɢ ȼɐɆ (ɜɢɛɪɨɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɚɹ).
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɪɮɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɬɨɪɮɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ (ɦɯɢ ɢ ɝɪɢɛɵ) ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ (ȼɊ) ɫɮɚɝɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɯɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɚɦɢ (ɉɎ), ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɢɛɚ –
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚɦɢ (ɉɋ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɆȺ ɜɵɯɨɞ ȼɊ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 2–3 ɪɚɡɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ 13ɋ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɉɋ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɦɢ, ɝɟɤɫɨɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɪɨɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɉɪɢ ɆȺ ɫɮɚɝɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɯɚ
ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɚɦɢ, ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɪɨɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ.
ɋɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɉɋ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɢɛɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɋ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ȼɗɀɏ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɉɋ ɫɮɚɝɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɯɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɣ, ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɨɣ, ɪɚɦɧɨɡɨɣ, ɤɫɢɥɨɡɨɣ, ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɡɨɣ ɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɨɣ.
ɇɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɢɛɚ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ ɢ ɜ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɋ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɵ,
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɆȺ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɶɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɋɈ
ɊȺɇ.
39
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ ɉɊȿȾɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɇȺ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾɇɕɏ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ, ɉɈɅɍɑȺȿɆɕɏ ɂɁ ȺɄɌɂȼɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɃ ɄɈɇ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
ȻȿɊȿɁɕ
ɂ.ɉ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ1, ɇ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɤɨɜɚ1, ɇ.ȼ. ɑɟɫɧɨɤɨɜ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ.
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɛɟɪɺɡɵ (ɨɩɢɥɤɢ, ɳɟɩɚ) ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɍɆ), ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɄɈɇ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 800 ɨɋ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɍɆ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȾȻ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 300–700 ɨɋ (V ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ 20
°ɋ/ɦɢɧ, ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ 0,5 ɱ, Ar) ɩɪɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɵɪɶɺ/ɄɈɇ
ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɍɆ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ȾȻ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɄɈɇ (800ɨɋ) ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɭ.
ʋ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ
ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
Sɭɞ, ɦ2/ɝ
Ɉɛɳɢɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɪ
Vɩɨɪ, ɫɦ3/ɝ
ȼɵɯɨɞ
ɍɆ, ɜɟɫ.
%
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ
ɛɟɧɡɨɥɚ,
ɝ/ɝ
0,52
1 Ɉɩɢɥɤɢ ȾȻ
ȾȻ /ɄɈɇ, 1:3
1338
0,69
10,3
2 Ɉɩɢɥɤɢ ȾȻ
ȾȻ /ɄɈɇ, 1:4
2050
1,05
8,7
0,68
ȾȻ,
300
°ɋ,
ȾȻ-300
/ɄɈɇ,
1:3
1249
0,52
21,3
0,48
3
ȾȻ-400 /ɄɈɇ, 1:3
1850
0,78
30,0
0,57
4 ȾȻ, 400 °ɋ,
ȾȻ,
600
°ɋ,
ȾȻ-600
/ɄɈɇ,
1:3
1406
0,59
58,4
0,41
5
6 ȾȻ, 700 °ɋ,
ȾȻ-700 /ɄɈɇ, 1:3
1087
0,46
62,4
0,39
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ
ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɭ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ȾȻ ɨɬ 400 ɞɨ 700 °ɋ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɄɈɇ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ H2(He)–CH4 ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɍɚɤ,
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ 6, ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ 700°ɋ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 3,6-3,8.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ 2,3-ɋȿɄɈɌɊɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ ɆɈɇɈ- ɂ ȾɂȺɆɂȾɇɕɏ ɄɈɇɖɘȽȺɌɈȼ
ȿ.ȼ. ɂɝɨɲɟɜɚ1, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɦɚɱɟɜɚ2, ȼ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɲɤɨ2
1 - ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɉɟɪɦɶ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ
[email protected]
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ in situ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɜ 2,3-ɫɟɤɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ
ɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ 1, 4-6 [1, 2] ɫ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɦɢɧɚɦɢ, ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɬɪɢɷɬɢɥɚɦɢɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
40
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɦɢɞɵ 7-10,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ.
NC
ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɯ
CONHR
ɚ
R
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
NC
ɛ, ɜ
R
NC
1
R NHOC
HOOC
HOC
1, 2, 3
ɢ
1
7
4, 5, 6
ɛ, ɜ
ɛ, ɜ
ɛ, ɜ
O
CONHR
1
COOCH3
NC
NC
R1NHOC
NC
1
8
HOC
9
R NHOC
10
O
R (1, 4) =
COOH
ɢɥɢ
COOɋH3
R (2, 5) =
ɢɥɢ
R (3, 6) =
Ɋɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ: (ɚ) Cr2O3/H2SO4/(CH3)2CO; (ɛ) (COCl)2/CH2Cl2;
(ɜ) R1NH2/ɋH2Cl2/(C2H5)3N
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɊɎɎɂ ʋ 08-03-00265ɚ ɢ ʋ 10-03-96044-ɪ_ɭɪɚɥ_ɚ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Ɍɨɥɦɚɱɟɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ɇɚɣɨɪɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ⱥ., Ƚɪɢɲɤɨ ȼ.ȼ. // ɏɢɦɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ. ɫɨɟɞ. 2008.
ʋ 5. C. 491-494.
2. Ɍɨɥɦɚɱɟɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ƚɪɢɲɤɨ ȼ.ȼ., Ȼɨɪɟɤɨ ȿ.ɂ., ɋɚɜɢɧɨɜɚ Ɉ.ȼ., ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ɇ.ɂ. // ɏɢɦɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞ. ɫɨɟɞɢɧ. 2009. ʋ 5. ɋ. 566-568.
ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɇɈȿ ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ȼȿɌȿɊɂɇȺɊɇɕɏ ɂ
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɂɏ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈȽɈ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə
Ʌ.ɂ. ɂɧɢɲɟɜɚ1, Ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɨɫɬɢɳɟɜɚ2
1 - Ɍɨɦɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
2 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ȻȺȼ) ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ȻȺȼ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɢ ɫɚɩɪɨɩɟɥɹ.
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦ ɬɨɪɮɚ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɵɪɶɸ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ 1-ɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ
ɦɢɪɟ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɮɹɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ
1.2 ɦɥɧ. ɬɨɧɧ ɜ ɝɨɞ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɧɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Ʌɢɲɬɜɚɧ ɂ.ɂ.,
1981; ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚ Ɍ.Ⱦ., 1981, 1982, 1995; Stepchenko Ʌ.Ɇ., 2004, 2006 ɢ ɞɪ.) ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ
ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɬɨɪɮɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
41
ɫɚɩɪɨɩɟɥɟɣ
ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɚɞɚɩɬɨɝɟɧɨɜ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ,
ɚɧɬɢɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɮɨɜ ɢ ɫɚɩɪɨɩɟɥɟɣ,
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ȻȺȼ ɬɨɪɮɨɜ ɢ ɫɚɩɪɨɩɟɥɟɣ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɨɫɬɪɨɣ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ-ɦɢɲɟɧɢ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. ɇɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ
ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɬɢɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ («ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
ɬɨɪɮɚ», ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ ʋ 2300103), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ.
ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ
ɎɂɌɈɗɄȾɂɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿ ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅɖɇɕɏ
ɗɌɂɈɉȺɌɈȽȿɇȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼ ɉɊɂ ɅəɆȻɅɂɈɁȿ
ɀ.ɂ. ɂɫɥɚɦɨɜɚ1, ȼ.ɇ. ɋɵɪɨɜ1, Ɂ.Ⱥ. ɏɭɲɛɚɤɬɨɜɚ1, ɋ.Ɉ. Ɉɫɢɩɨɜɚ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
2 - ɇɂɂ ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɆɁ Ɋɍɡ , Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɂɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɬɨɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ (Ɏɗ) ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɧɚ (ɗɄ) ɢ
ɬɭɪɤɟɫɬɟɪɨɧɚ (Ɍɍ). ɗɤ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ Rhaponticum carthamoides, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɣ
ɡɨɨɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɧɭ – ɝɨɪɦɨɧɭ ɥɢɧɶɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɨɡɚ ɱɥɟɧɢɫɬɨɧɨɝɢɯ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɸ
ɥɹɦɛɥɢɣ (5-10 ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɭ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɵɫ ɢ ɤɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ.
Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞ Ɍɍ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ Ⱥjuga turkestanica, ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨ
ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɗɄ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ Ɉɇ ɩɪɢ ɋ-11 ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ
ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɷɪɚɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɹɦɛɥɢɣ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɭ ɱɥɟɧɢɫɬɨɧɨɝɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ
ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ, ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɗɄ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ
ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ (ɮɚɤɬ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ).
ȼ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɵɬɚɦɢ in vitro: ɗɄ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ Ɍɍ,
ɞɨɡɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɥ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɥɹɬɨɜ ɥɹɦɛɥɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɗɄ ɢ Ɍɍ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɯ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɭ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɟɡɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ Ɏɗ
ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɨɦ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦɭ
ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ Ɏɗ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɧɚ – ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɗɄ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɳɟɬɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɨɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɚɫɬɟɧɨ-ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɀɄɌ ɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ,
ɤɭɩɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɨɞɟɪɦɚɬɨɡɵ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ 10-ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɧɚ (20 ɦɝ ɜ 4
ɩɪɢɟɦɚ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɜ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɚ 97%, ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɦɟɬɪɨɧɢɞɚɡɨɥɭ
ɢ ɞɪ.ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ – 91%. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ Ɏɗ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɬɢɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɥɹɦɛɥɢɨɡɚ.
42
ɄɈɆȻɂɇȺɐɂə ȾɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ ɄɂɋɅɈɌ ɋ ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɌɍȻȿɊɄɍɅȿɁɇɕɆɂ
ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȺɆɂ
Ɉ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɚ, ɂ.ȿ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɹɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʌɨɛɨɜ, Ʌ.Ɏ. ɏɚɦɢɞɭɥɥɢɧɚ,
ɇ.ɂ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ
ɂɈɏ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɍɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ
ɦɢɤɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɚ M. Tuberculosis. ɇɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ
ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ,
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɢɫɤ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ
ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
(ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ,
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɧɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ,
1ȕ,13ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɧɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ) ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɨɧɢɚɡɢɞɚ ɢ
ɮɬɢɜɚɡɢɞɚ.
ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɜ ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɧɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ
ɢɡɨɧɢɚɡɢɞɨɦ ɢ ɮɬɢɜɚɡɢɞɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɵ I ɢ ɷɮɢɪɵ II. ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɢɡɨɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɵɦ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɨɧɵ III. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɨɧɢɚɡɢɞɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɚ
ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɋ-1 ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɋ-4 ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɡɨɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɢɥ- ɢ
ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɢɥɝɢɞɪɚɡɨɧɵ IV. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ əɆɊɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ.
O
X
O
1
O
4
4
O
Ia
X
X
COR
O
COOCH3
COR
O
O
R = _ NHNHC
N
Ib
R = _NHNHC
X=O
N
IVc X= NNHC
N
O
IIa
R=
O
CH
IIb
NNHCO
X=O
R=
H3CO
O
CH
NNHCO
IIIb
R=
R=
NHN
NHN
N
H3CO
N
IIIa
IVd X=NNHC
CH
N
N
CH
IIIc X=O R=
NHN
CH
IIId X=O R=
NHN
CH
N
N
N
O
IVa
R=OCH3 X= NNHC
N
O
IVb R=OCH3 X= NNHC
N
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ (ɆɄ-7360.2010.3).
43
ɊɎ
ɞɥɹ
ȺɄɌɂȼɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ɍȽɅɂ ɂɁ ȼɂɇɈȽɊȺȾɇɕɏ ɄɈɋɌɈɑȿɄ ɄȺɄ ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌɕ
ȾɅə ɈɑɂɋɌɄɂ ȼɂɇ
Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ʉɚɦɚɥɹɧ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɚɪɝɫɹɧ2, Ɍ.Ɉ. Ʉɚɦɚɥɹɧ1
1 - ȿɪɟɜɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
2 - Ⱥɪɰɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɚɥɨ ɱɟɦ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ. ɗɬɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ ɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɢɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ . ɗɬɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤ. ȼ ɥɭɱɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɦɢ
ɜɵɠɢɦɤɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɨɬɚ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɠɟ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ
ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɚɩɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɢɧ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɦɟɞɢ , ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ, ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ, ɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ
ɞɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɧ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɨɧɵ Ca2+, K+,Mg2+, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ
ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɶɹɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɨɛɟɡɠɢɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɬɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɢ ɩɪɢ 110 ɨɋ, ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɵ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ 0,1- 1,0 ɦɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɬɪɨɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɷɮɢɪɨɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɨɦ (ɜɵɯɨɞ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 12-15 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤ ) ɤɨɫɬɨɱɤɢ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɥɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɟɱɢ ɜ ɬɨɤɟ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
500 ɨɋ. ȼɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɫɦɨɥɭ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɞɨɣ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɛɟɡ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɚ ɢɡ ɩɟɱɟ ɩɪɢ 900 ɨɋ ɜ ɬɨɤɟ ɋɈ2 .
ȼɵɯɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 35-40 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɛɟɡɠɢɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɭɝɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɢɧɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ, ɷɬɚɧɨɥ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ Cu2+ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 12 ɦɦɨɥɶ . ɤɝ-1
ɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɨɛɟɡɠɢɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɚɞɫɬɜɵ ɜɢɧ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɢɧ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɵ.
ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾɇɕȿ ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌɕ ɂɁ ɈɌȾȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɑȺɋɌȿɃ ɈɊȿɏɈȼɈȽɈ ȾȿɊȿȼȺ
Ƚ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɦɛɚɪɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɇȺɇ ɄɊ, ɝ.Ȼɢɲɤɟɤ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
[email protected]
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ
ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɢ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɪɟɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ- ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɢ ɜɟɬɨɤ ɝɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ, ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɚ.
Ɉɛɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ
44
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ (ɍɋ) ɢɡ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɨɪɟɯɚ (ɋɈ) ɢ ɜɟɬɨɤ ɨɪɟɯɚ (ȼɈ)
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ. Ʉɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
500ɨɋ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ 10ɨɋ/ɦɢɧ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 800-820ɨɋ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 20 ɦɢɧ. ȼɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɋɈ ɢ ȼɈ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
30,65 ɢ 28,57% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɀɢɞɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɋɈ ɢ ȼɈ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ. ȼ ɫɦɨɥɚɯ ɋɈ ɢ ȼɈ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ- 70,76 ɢ
55,60% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ ɫɦɨɥɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɋɈ ɢ ȼɈ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ (Ⱥɍ). Ⱦɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ Ⱥɍ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɬ ɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɫ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɞɨ
ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɥɨɛɭɥ. Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɍ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɋɈ ɩɨ ɣɨɞɭ- 80,2%, ɩɨ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɦɭ- 210ɦɝ/ɝ, ɩɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɭ240ɦɝ/ɝ, ɚ Ⱥɍ ɢɡ ȼɈ- ɩɨ ɣɨɞɭ 62,5%, ɩɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɭ 219ɦɝ/ɝ. ɋɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ Ⱥɍ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ɋɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɋɈ ɢ ȼɈ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ( Cd,Cu,Ni,Zn,Co) ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ Ⱥɍ ɢɡ ɋɈ ɧɟ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɨɧɵ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ. ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɭ Ⱥɍ ɢɡ
ɋɈ ɢ ȼɈ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ Cu <Cd<Co<Co<Zn< Ni.
ɍɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɪɟɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɩɨ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ Ⱥɍ.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ȺɊɂɅɁȺɆȿɓȬɇɇɕɏ
ȻɂɋɅȺɄɌɈɇɈȼ – ȺɇȺɅɈȽɈȼ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ɅɂȽɇȺɇɈȼ
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ʉɚɬɤɨɜɚ1, Ƚ.ȼ. Ɇɢɬɢɧɚ2, Ɉ.ɋ. ɘɡɢɯɢɧ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ʌɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ.Ɇ.Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɇɂɂ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʌɢɝɧɚɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬ.ɤ. ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɚɪɢɥɡɚɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɫɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ, ɬ.ɤ. ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ
ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ȿ-ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɚɪɢɥɩɪɨɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (Iɚ-ɡ) ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ CF3COOH-CH2Cl2 (0–20qɋ), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɛɢɫɥɚɤɬɨɧɚɦ (IIɚ-ɡ).
45
R
+
COOH
R
-e
R
.
O
O
COOH
H
O
H
O
H
R
I ɚ-ɡ
II ɚ-ɡ
R = H (ɚ), 2-F (ɛ), 3,4-Cl2 (ɜ), 4-Br (ɝ), 4-t-Bu (ɞ), 3,4-Me2 (ɟ), 3,4-(OCH2O) (ɠ), 3,4,5-(MeO)3 (ɡ)
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɫɥɚɛɭɸ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ a, ɝ ɢ ɠ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Ƚɪ+ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ Bacillus subtilis (100 ɦɤɝ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ/ɞɢɫɤ).
Ɍɟɫɬ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ Candida tropicalis (50 ɦɤɝ/ɞɢɫɤ) ɧɟ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɵɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɛ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɥɭɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ 0,03-3
ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ, ɞ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (0,3-3 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ). ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɦɢɬɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ, ɝ ɢ ɠ. Ɋɚɡɛɭɯɲɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɚ ɢ ɛ, ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɨ
ɮɚɡɚɦ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɢ ɛ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɵɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ
ɹɱɦɟɧɹ (ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ). ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 2,5 ɦɤɝ ɛɢɫɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɫ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɚɦɢ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɟɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 2-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ (ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɚ) ɢ ɧɚ 3-ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ (ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɛ) ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɢɛɟɥɶɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɢ ɛ ɤ
ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɢɫɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ.
ɄȺȼɂɌȺɐɂɈɇɇȺə ɉɊȿȾɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ – ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɇɕɃ ɆȿɌɈȾ
ȺɄɌɂȼȺɐɂɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ȻɂɈɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɈȼ
ɂ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɬɪɚɤɨɜ, ȼ.ɂ. Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ, ɇ.Ƚ. Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɨɜɚ
Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɯ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦ,
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɦ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɥɟɫɨɩɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ (ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ
ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ, ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ, ɪɠɢ) ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ (ɤɢɫɥɨɣ, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ) ɜ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ (50–
70 qɋ) ɢɥɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ (50–100 °ɋ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
(15–120 ɦɢɧ) ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɟ 10. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛóɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ
ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ, ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. ɉɪɢ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ. ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ (ɞɨ 15–30 ɦɢɧ) ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɨɡɵ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 60 ɦɢɧ) ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ȼ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɟ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ – ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɱɬɨ
46
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ.
ɂɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɤ
ɛɪɢɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
ɂɡ ɩɪɟɫɫ-ɦɚɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1190–1350 ɤɝ/ɦ3, ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ (ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɡɝɢɛ 13–22 Ɇɉɚ) ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
(ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ 24 ɱ – 20–40 %, ɪɚɡɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɟ ɡɚ 24 ɱ – 12–35 %) ɜɩɨɥɧɟ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɤ Ⱦȼɉ ɢ MDF. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɡ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɫɫ-ɦɚɫɫ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ, ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɂ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ
ȼɕɋɈɄɈɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɁȺɆȿɇɂɌȿɅȿɃ ɄȺɇɂɎɈɅɂ
Ⱥ.ɘ. Ʉɥɸɟɜ, ɇ.Ƚ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ, ȿ.Ⱦ. ɋɤɚɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɇȺɇ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɢɢ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ
Pinus Silvestris L. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɶ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ (ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ, ɪɟɡɢɧɚɬɵ, ɚɦɢɞɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ XXl ɜ. ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɬɟɦ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɪɩɟɧɬɢɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨ-ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɨɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɦɨɥɵ (ɌȾɆɋ). ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ: ɦɚɥɟɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɚɞɞɭɤɬɵ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɞɚɸɬ ɢɦ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ:
ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɢ
ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ (Ʉɑ) ɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ (Ɍɪ).
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ: ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ ɢ ɫɤɢɩɢɞɚɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ, ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɪɩɟɧɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ – ɬɟɪɩɟɧɬɢɧ –
ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɜ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɯ ɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɬɢɧɚ
ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɦɚɥɟɧɢɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ (ɄɌɆɋ) ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ (CH3I, C2H5I,
C3H7I, C4H9I, C5H11I, NH4I, LiI, NaI, KI, CaI2),ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɞɨ 98% ɢ
Ɍɪ ɞɨ 90 ºɋ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ Ʉɑ = 260-272 ɦɝ ɄɈɇ/ɝ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, Ɍɪ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ Ʉɑ
ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɟɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɥɶɧɨɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ (ɄɌɋɆɋ)
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɢɪɨɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ Ʉɑ=262-293 ɦɝ ɄɈɇ/ɝ, Ɍɪ =
84-115 ºɋ. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɄɌɆɋ ɢ ɄɌɋɆɋ: Ɍ=160-190 ºɋ, ɜɪɟɦɹ 3-9 ɱ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ əɆɊ ɋ13 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɄɌɆɋ ɢ ɄɌɋɆɋ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ (Ʉɑ=172 ɦɝ
ɄɈɇ/ɝ; Ɍɪ=70 ºɋ). ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɤɥɟɢ 47
ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɵ, ɮɥɸɫɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ, ɥɚɤɢ – ɮɥɸɫɵ, ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ-ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɬɟɪɦɨɨɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɥɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɰ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɄɌɆɋ ɢ ɄɌɋɆɋ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
ɢɦɢɞɵ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɩɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ
ɤ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɦ, ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɩɥɟɫɧɟɜɵɦ ɝɪɢɛɚɦ. Ɉɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɥɢɟɜɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɄɌɆɋ ɢ ɄɌɋɆɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɨɥɢ Cu, Cd, Al,
Co, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɣ,
ɪɟɡɢɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɄɌɆɋ ɢ ɄɌɋɆɋ ɦɧɨɝɨɚɬɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɤɬɨɮɨɪɚɦɢ N ɢ
S10 ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ
ɩɥɟɧɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɄɌɆɋ ɢ ɄɌɋɆɋ, ɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɷɬɢ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɄɌɆɋ, ɄɌɋɆɋ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɊȺɋɏɈȾȺ ȾɂɈɄɋɂȾȺ ɏɅɈɊȺ ɇȺ ɈɌȻȿɅɄɍ ɇȺ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂə
ȺɈɏ ȼ ȻȿɅȿɇɈɃ ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɈɃ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁȿ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɨɤɲɚɪɨɜ1, Ɉ.Ȼ. ɋɬɟɛɭɧɨɜ2
1 - ɄɐȻɄ
2 - ȼɇɂɂȻ
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ȺɈɏ
(Adsorbable Organic Halogen) ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ, ɫɜɚɪɟɧɧɭɸ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɢɡ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ (50:50) ɞɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ 15 ɟɞɢɧɢɰ Ʉɚɩɩɚ ɢ
ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɚ (ECF) ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɄɓɈ-Ⱦ0-ɓɈɉ-Ⱦ1-ɓɩ-Ⱦ2 ɞɨ
ɛɟɥɢɡɧɵ 90%, ɝɞɟ ɄɓɈ – ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ, Ⱦ0,Ⱦ1,Ⱦ2 – ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɯɥɨɪɚ, ɓɈɉ – ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɓɉ
– ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɬ 30 ɞɨ 15 ɤɝ/ɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɚ.
ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ȺɈɏ ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ȺɈɏ ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ, ɤɝ/ɬ Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ȺɈɏ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɟ,
ɚ.ɫ.ɰ-ɡɵ (ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɚ)
ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɚ.ɫ. ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
30
187
20
127
17
103
16
100
18
113
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ȺɈɏ ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ.
48
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ȺɈɏ (ɜ ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɚ.ɫ.ɰ-ɡɵ), ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ
ȺɈɏ=K*Ⱦ,
ɝɞɟ Ʉ=6,2 – ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ
Ⱦ – ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ECF ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ (ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɯɥɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ) ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɚ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ Ʉ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɨɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ
ɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɦ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɯ ɓɈɉ ɢ ɓɉ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ:
1. ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ECF ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ȺɈɏ ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ
2. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ȺɈɏ (ɜ ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɚ.ɫ.ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ) ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ ȺɈɏ=6,2*Ⱦ, ɝɞɟ Ⱦ – ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɧɚ ECF ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɚ
ȻȺɊɈɆȿɆȻɊȺɇɇɈȿ ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂ ɈɑɂɋɌɄȺ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɈȼ
ȺɊȺȻɂɇɈȽȺɅȺɄɌȺɇȺ ɂɁ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɐɕ ȽɆȿɅɂɇȺ
Ʌ.Ƚ. Ʉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɒɟɯɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ, ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ (ȺȽ),
ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɞɚɭɪɫɤɨɣ Ƚɦɟɥɢɧɚ (Larix dahurika Gmelinii), ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɛɚɪɨɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɵ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɆɎȺɋɈɋ-2 – ɍȺɆ-150ɉ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɫ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɆɎȺɋ-ɆȺʋ6 - ɍȺɆ-150ɉ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɚɪɨɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ
ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ
ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ȼɗɀɏ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɜ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ. Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɚɡɨɜɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ȺȽ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɟ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ.
49
ȼɁȺɂɆɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɈȼ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ
ɋɕɊɖə ɋ ɉȿɊɈɄɋɂɅɖɇɕɆɂ ɊȺȾɂɄȺɅȺɆɂ
ɂ.Ƚ. Ʉɨɧɤɢɧɚ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ƚɪɚɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɇ.ɇ. Ʉɚɛɚɥɶɧɨɜɚ, ɘ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɢɧɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɮɢɬɨɯɢɦɢɢ, - ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ, - ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚ ɥɚɩɩɚɤɨɧɢɬɢɧɚ
(LPK), ɝɥɢɰɢɪɪɢɡɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (GA), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (Q) ɢ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (DHQ).
ɉɟɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ AIBN. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ LPK, GA, Q ɢ DHQ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ (4.0-8.0)·10-4 Ɇ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧ – AIBN ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɟ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ LPK ɜ cɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɥɚɬɪɚɬɚ ɫ GA ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ 1.4 ɪɚɡɚ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ LPK ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɤɥɚɬɪɚɬɚ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ [1].
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Q – AIBN ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɥɨ
ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Q, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Q ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ DHQ. ɗɬɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɰɚɯ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ,
ɧɨ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɋ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ [2].
Ɋɹɞ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: Q >> DHQ > LPK > GA.
1. Ɇ.ɋ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜ, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜ, ɘ.ɂ.Ɇɭɪɢɧɨɜ, ȿ.Ɇ.ɐɵɪɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɚɬ.ɊɎ ʋ2180583 ɨɬ
20.03.2002. Ȼɸɥɥ. ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬ., 2002, ʋ8, ɫ.148.
2. Rice-Evans C., Miller N.J., Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of
flavonoids and phenolic acids //Free Rad. Biol. Med. 1996. V. 20. ʋ7. P. 933–956.
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɂ ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ
ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə ɉɊȿȾɋɌȺȼɂɌȿɅȿɃ ɊɈȾȺ ARNICA L
ɂ.Ƚ. Ʉɨɧɤɢɧɚ1, Ɋ.Ɇ. ɒɚɮɢɧ2, ȼ.Ɏ. Ʉɨɪɫɭɧ3
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ
2 - Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ”
3 - Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ
[email protected]
Arnica montana L.– ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɬɧɢ ɥɟɬ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɛɨɝɚɬɨɦɭ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ (ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɵ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ,
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ, ɫɟɤɫɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ, ɥɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɪ.) ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɱɚɣɲɢɦ
ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. Ɏɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɪɧɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɯɨɥɚɬɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɮɥɚɦɢɧ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ (I) ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɚɧɬɢ-, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɩɪɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɰɟɥɟɛɧɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɚɪɧɢɤɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ
ɯɟɥɟɧɨɥɢɧɵ (II), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɨɥɟɮɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ,
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
Ɇɢɯɚɷɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɭɸ, ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɭɸ ɢ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
50
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱥɪɧɢɰɢɧ (ɫɦɟɫɶ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɚɪɧɢɞɢɨɥɚ
R
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚ ɮɚɪɚɞɢɨɥɚ) ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
R
R
O
O
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ
H
O
ɰɢɧɚɪɢɧɚ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɯɨɥɟɫɟɪɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ.
R
OR
Ⱥɪɧɢɮɨɥɢɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɞɪɟɧɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ
OH
ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ, ɪɹɞ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ
O
R
O
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ
ɚɧɤɫɢɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
Ⱥɪɧɢɤɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɚɧɝɢɨɝɟɧɟɡ - ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ
ɪɨɫɬ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɫɬɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ A. Montana ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ. ȼ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɸ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɚɪɧɢɤɚ ɒɚɦɢɫɫɨ ɢ ɚɪɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ, ɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɢɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ Ⱥ. amplexicaulis, longofolia,
sachalinensis, sororia. ɉɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ [1], ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɭ
ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɚɪɧɢɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɭɯɢɯ
ɫɨɰɜɟɬɢɹɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɢ.
1 Ʉɨɪɫɭɧ ȼ. Ɏ., ɒɚɮɢɧ Ɋ. Ɇ., Ʉɨɪɫɭɧ ȿ . ȼ. , Ȼɚɲɢɪɨɜɚ Ɋ. Ɇ. Ⱥɪɧɢɤɚ - ɰɟɥɟɛɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ. – Ɇ., 2010 - 75ɫ.
2
1
3
HO
4
R1 - R5 = H or OH
5
I
II
ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɂ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɕȿ ɉɍɌɂ ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɕɏ ɅɂȽɇɂɇɈȼ
ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɭɬɨɜ1, ɘ.ɇ. ɋɚɡɚɧɨɜ2, Ɇ.ə. Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ.ɋ.Ɇ.Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ,ɝ.ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ, ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ. ɏɢɦɢɡɦ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ, ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ [1]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ – ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ[2].
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɥɢɝɧɢɧ
Ʉɥɚɫɨɧɚ, ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ): ɋɟɝɟɠɫɤɢɣ,
Ʉɢɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɍɚɜɞɢɧɫɤɢɣ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɢɣ, Ʌɨɛɜɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱦɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ: ɬɜɟɪɞɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
əɆɊ 13ɋ, ɂɄ-Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɨɜ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ȼ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɢɦ.ɋ.Ɇ.Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɝ. Ɏɭɤɭɢ[3,4] ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɨɜ.
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ (ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ, ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ
ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
Ʉɢɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ȻɢɨɏɢɦɁɚɜɨɞɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɜɚɧɢɹ100-115°C.Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ: ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ: 0.1-0,2 Ɇɩɚ, ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
51
9-12 Ɇɩɚ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ: ~ 290 °C, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ: ~
0.03 ȼɬ·ɦ-1·Ʉ-1 .
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ɍɚɜɞɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɛɵɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧ, ɤɚɤ ɫɵɪɶɟ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɩɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɨɜ.
1.ɏɨɥɶɤɢɧ ɘ.ɂ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ. Ʌɟɫɧ. ɩɪɨɦ-ɧɨɫɬɶ. 1989.- 496 c..
2.Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧ Ɇ.ə., Ʉɪɭɬɨɜ ɋ.Ɇ.ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. ɋ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ȼɍɁɨɜ. 2003. ɋ.222-233.
3.Zarubin, M., Krutov, S., Hatakeyama, H., Gribkov, I. Sumersky, I. Preparation of polyurethane
from technical lignins. 15th ISWFPC, Oslo, 2009 , P-167.
4.Hatakeyama Tatsuko, Hatakeyama Hyoe. Thermal Properties of Green Polymers and
Biocomposites. Kluwer Academic Publishers.2004.P. 273-293.
ɈɉɌɂɆɂɁȺɐɂə ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ
ȼɈɁɈȻɇɈȼɅəȿɆɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ȼ.Ʉ. Ʉɭɞɪɹɲɨɜ1, Ɋ.Ɇ. Ɇɚɥɵɲɟɜ2, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɂɢɧɨɜɶɟɜ1, Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ1, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ3,
ɘ.ȼ. Ɍɨɤɚɪɱɭɤ4
1 - ɂȻɉ ɊȺɇ, ɉɭɳɢɧɨ
2 - ɈɈɈ "Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɂɊȿȺ-ɉɟɧɡɦɚɲ", Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
3 - ɂɎȺȼ ɊȺɇ, ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ
4 - ɈɈɈ "ɉɌɉ", Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
[email protected]
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɤɚɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ,
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɂȻɉ ɊȺɇ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1).
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ:
- ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
- ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ.
- ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ (ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ) ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɨɥɨɤɧɟɧɢɟ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ. ɗɬɨ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɜɚɹ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
(ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ) ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨ-
52
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɏɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɰɢɤɥɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ!
Ɂɟɪɧɨ
ɂɡɦɟɥɶɱɟ
ɧɢɟ
Ɇɭɤɚ
ɐɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝ
ɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ʉɥɟɣɤɨɜɢɧɚ
Ʉɪɚɯɦɚɥ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɉɬɪɭɛɢ,
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɡɟɪɧɚ
ȼɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɢ
ɛɟɥɤɢ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤ
ɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɢ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ʌɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɏɥɟɛɨɛɭɥɨɱɧɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɢɳɟɜɨɟ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ,
ɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚɹ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ,
ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɹ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ,
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
(ɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥ)
Ɍɜɟɪɞɚɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ
(ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟ
ɦɵɯ) ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ
ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɨɬ
ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ
ɇɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɩɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ-Ɍɪɨɩɩɚ.
Ɋɢɫ.1 ɋɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɡɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
53
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɢ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ). ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ,
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1:10, ɬ.ɟ.
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ. ȼ-ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 40 C). ȼɩɹɬɵɯ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ:
x ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
x ɏɥɟɛɨɛɭɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 1:3
ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɣɧɨɫɬɢ (ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ 1:5-7), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɨɣ ɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ.
x Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ.
x ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
x Ʉɨɪɦɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ 40 % ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤ ɫɭɯɨɦɭ ɜɟɫɭ.
x ɋɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
x Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇȺə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɋ
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ ɆȿɌɈȾȺ ɄȺɌȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂə
ɉȿɊɈɄɋɂȾɈɆ ȼɈȾɈɊɈȾȺ
Ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ1, ȼ.Ƚ. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ2, Ɉ.ȼ. əɰɟɧɤɨɜɚ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ2, ɂ.Ƚ. ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ2,
ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɚɪɵɧɰɟɜɚ2
1 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɵɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ – ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɟ «ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ – ɜɨɞɚ – ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ».
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ (44-48 % ɦɚɫ.) ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 % ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ȼ ɫɪɟɞɟ «ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ – ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ – ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ», ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɆɄɐ) ɢɡ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
54
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɆɄɐ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɆɄɐ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɡ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ: ɨɩɢɥɨɤ, ɫɬɪɭɠɟɤ, ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ 2 % ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ 0,4 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ NaOH ɢ NaHCO3. ɂɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ–ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
(ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧ) ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ (ɢɨɞ) ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ «ɉɨɥɢɮɟɩɚɧ».
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɆɄɐ,
ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɋɈȼȿɊɒȿɇɋɌȼɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɀɂȾɄɂɏ
ɍȽɅȿȼɈȾɈɊɈȾɇɕɏ ɂ ɋɉɂɊɌɈȼɕɏ ɌɈɉɅɂȼ ɂɁ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ
Ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ1, ȼ.Ƚ. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ2, Ɉ.ȼ. əɰɟɧɤɨɜɚ2, ȼ.ɂ. ɒɚɪɵɩɨɜ2, ɋ.ȼ. Ȼɚɪɵɲɧɢɤɨɜ2
1 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɥɢɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ
ɜɢɞɚ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜ – ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɫɩɢɪɬɵ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ
ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɢɡ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ:
Ʌɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ (ɨɩɢɥɤɢ, ɫɨɥɨɦɚ ɢ ɞɪ.)
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɹ
Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ
ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
Ⱦɟɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɀɢɞɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɨɤɬɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ
(ɚɥɤɢɥɛɟɧɡɨɥɵ, ɚɪɢɥɷɮɢɪɵ)
Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ
Ȼɢɨɫɩɢɪɬɵ
(ɷɬɚɧɨɥ,
ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥ ɢ ɞɪ.)
Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ
Ʌɟɜɭɥɢɧɨɜɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɨɤɬɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ
(ɛɭɬɢɥɥɟɜɭɥɢɧɚɬ, ɦɟɬɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɝɢɞɪɨɮɭɪɚɧ)
55
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ –
ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ (H2SO4) ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ (TiO2)
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɧɵɯ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ, ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ ɧɚ 30-35 %.
Ɍɟɪɦɨɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȻȿɊȿɋɌɕ ɄɈɊɕ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ
Ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ2, Ʌ.ȼ. Ʌɟɜɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ1, ɂ.Ƚ. ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ – ɛɟɪɟɫɬɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɛɟɪɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɟ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɦ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢɡ ɫɭɛɟɪɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ
ɫɯɟɦɨɣ:
Ȼɟɪɟɫɬɚ
Ȼɟɬɭɥɢɧ
ɋɭɛɟɪɢɧ
ɋɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɉɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ
Ⱦɢɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ
Ⱦɢɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ
Ⱦɢɛɭɬɢɪɚɬ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ
Ⱥɥɥɨɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ
ɉɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ
ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ NaOH ɢɥɢ ɄɈɇ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ
ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ, ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɣ, ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ, ɞɢɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɞɢɛɭɬɢɪɚɬɚ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ, ɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ,
ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɤɢɩɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɨɥɭɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɫɢɥɨɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɚɥɥɨɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ,
56
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ ɢ əɆɊ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ.
ɋɭɛɟɪɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ, ɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɥɟɧɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɦɨɥ, ɨɝɧɟɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɛɪɢɤɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɭɥ.
ɋɉɈɋɈȻ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɉɈɊɈɒɄɈȼɈɃ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ
ȼ.Ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɍɨɣɤɤɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɇɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨ-ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɢ
ɯɥɨɩɤɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɢ
ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ), ɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɶ ɯɥɨɪɚ). ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɨ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɚɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ
ɩɚɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 185 – 215ɨɋ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
10 – 120 ɦɢɧɭɬ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ
ɚɦɨɪɮɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɫɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɰɟɩɟɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɟɮɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ
(ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɸ) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɡɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ȼɟɥɢɡɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɟɧ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ.
Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
ʋ 1796632.
ɆɂɄɊɈɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ɂ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɕ
ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ȼɂȾɈȼ ɉɂɏɌɕ
Ɍ.ɉ. Ʉɭɤɢɧɚ1, ɂ.ɂ. Ȼɚɹɧɞɢɧɚ2
1 - ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - 2 ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɢɯɬɚ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɚɹ Abies sibirica Ledeb.(A.s.) - ɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɚ, ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ
(ȾɁ) ɟɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ,
ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨ-ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
57
Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ 31 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Sc, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge,
As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Hg, La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Bi ɢ Pb ɞɥɹ ɩɹɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ȾɁ ɢɡ
ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ Ⱥɥɚɬɚɭ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɚɦ ɠɟ
ɜ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ. ɋɵɪɶɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ, ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɧɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɨɫɶ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ. ɉɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɣ ɩɢɯɬɚ
ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Mo, Rb, Sr, ɭɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɩɨ V, Zn, W, Hg, Pb, Bi. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ
ȼɗɀɏ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ (ɉɉn) ɢ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ɌɌɄ) ɢɡ A.s. ɢ ɟɳɟ
ɬɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɢɯɬ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɦ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɚɞɭ (ɐɋȻɋ) ɋɈ
ɊȺɇ: Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim. (A.n.), Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.(A.b.), Abies fraseri
(Pursh) Poir. (A.f.). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɉɉ ɜ ȾɁ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɌɌɄ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ. (ȼ ȾɁ, ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɐɋȻɋ, ɞɨ 2.6 % ɉɉ-13 ɢ ɉɉ-20). ɋɵɪɶɟ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ
Ɇɚɥɨɦ Ʉɚɧɵɦɟ (1300 ɦ ɇɍɆ) ɢ ɋɚɪɝɚɥɟ (1300 ɦ ɇɍɆ), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɨ 6.2 ɢ 6.1 % ɌɌɄ,
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɉɉ ɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɫɹ. ɉɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɌɌɄ ɢɡ A.s. ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ «ɇɨɜɨɫɢɥ», ɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ȼɗɀɏ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɌɌɄ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɢɞ
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɫɛɨɪɚ
%
ɌɌɄ
5.8
% ɉɉ
14
15
16
17
18
19
Ɉɡ. Ɋɵɛɧɨɟ
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ
ɇɍɆ
1200
A. s.
0.22
0.9
9.6
38.6
38.6
9.9
2.4
A. s.
Ɉɡ. ɉɨɞɝɨɪɧɨɟ
1500
6.2
0.32
0.7
10.1
41.5
36.7
9.5
1.5
A. s.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ
Ʉɚɧɵɦ
ɐɋȻɋ
1800
6.0
0.26
0.8
5.9
34.6
41.2
15.1
2.6
A. s.
0-30
5.9
0.25
2.6
11.9
36.6
33.9
10.5
2.5
A. n. ɐɋȻɋ
0-30
4.5
0.42
5.4
13.5
37.3
31.3
8.7
1.3
A. b. ɐɋȻɋ
0-30
3.3
0.27
5.4
17.1
38.1
26.5
9.5
0.9
ɐɋȻɋ
0-30
2.7
0.20
3.2
8.9
33.8
37.2
12.4
3.4
A. f.
ɅɂɉɈɎɂɅɖɇɕȿ ȼɌɈɊɂɑɇɕȿ ɆȿɌȺȻɈɅɂɌɕ ɎɅɈɗɆɕ PINUS SILVESTRIS
ɉɊɂ ɉɈȼɊȿɀȾȿɇɂɂ ɂ ɎɍɇȽȺɅɖɇɈɆ ɉɈɊȺɀȿɇɂɂ
Ɍ.ɉ. Ʉɭɤɢɧɚ1, Ƚ.Ƚ. ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜɚ2
1 - ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɥɟɫɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ ȼ.ɇ. ɋɭɤɚɱɟɜɚ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɟ-ɤɫɢɥɨɮɚɝɢ ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ
ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɨɮɢɨɫɬɨɦɨɜɵɦɢ ɝɪɢɛɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ
ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɣ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ, ɜɵɫɟɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɟ (ɥɭɛɟ) ɫɬɜɨɥɚ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɥɭɛɚ. ɇɚɲɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɹ. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɟɤɪɨɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɭɛɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɚɦɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɢɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ
ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɹ:
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɥɭɛɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɴɟɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɝɪɢɛɧɵɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɨɩɵɬɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɮɢɨɫɬɨɦɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɢɛɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɧɟɜɭɸ ɪɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɸ.
58
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɢɩɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɮɥɨɷɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɥɭɛɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɫɹ. Ɇɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɮɢɪɨɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɴɟɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɢɛɧɵɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɦ ɮɥɨɷɦɵ Pinus
silvestris. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ 20
ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɴɟɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
ɜ 8-10 ɪɚɡ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ – ɜ 2-5 ɪɚɡ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɭɩɚɥɨ ɜ 1.52 ɪɚɡɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɥɭɛ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ (75%) ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ, ɚ ɜ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɢɧɴɟɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ȕ-ɫɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ
ɨɥɟɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ. Ⱦɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɦɢ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɫɩɢɪɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚɦɢ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɜ ɢɧɴɟɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɟɦɟ, ɜ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɥɭɛɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ
ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɴɟɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɥɨɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ 1,5-2 ɪɚɡɚ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ – ɜ 5-11 ɪɚɡ.
ɉɈɅɇȺə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ɇɂɁɄɈɋɈɊɌɇɈɃ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɋ
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿɆ ɄɋɂɅɂɌȺ, ȻɂɈɗɌȺɇɈɅȺ, ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌɈȼ ɂ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ
Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɧɢɰɤɚɹ, ȼ.ȼ. ȼɵɝɥɚɡɨɜ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȭɥɤɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɋ.Ɇ.Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɚɹ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɭ ɧɢɡɤɨɫɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɫɢɥɢɬɚ, ɛɢɨɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ,
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɣ.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɫɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɜ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ. ȿɺ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 30% ɨɬ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɨɦ ɮɨɧɞɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ - ɜɟɬɜɢ ɫ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦɢ ɢ
ɩɨɱɤɚɦɢ, ɢ ɟɺ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ, ɝɞɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɸɬ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ. ɉɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɤɚɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɫɢɥɢɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɫɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ: ɜɟɬɤɢ ɫ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ. Ʉɪɨɧɚ ɫ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦɢ, ɩɨɱɤɢ, ɤɨɪɚ ɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɹɬ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ.
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɵ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɞɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɫɢɥɨɡɵ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɜ ɤɫɢɥɢɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ.
ɐɟɥɥɨɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɤɫɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɨɜɨɣ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɜ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɢ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
59
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɉɊȿȾȼȺɊɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɇȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋ
ɎɈɋɎɈɊɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɎɈɋɎɈɊɇɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɈɃ
ȿ.ȼ. Ʌɚɝɭɬɤɢɧɚ, ɇ.ȼ. Ʉɨɬɨɜɚ
Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɩɚɪɤɟɬɚ, ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɤɨɜ. Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɸ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɛɢɨ,
ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɨɫɮɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɨɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɬɢɩɚɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ, ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ: ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ –
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ: ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 46 ɢ 12-17%, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 3
ɢ 10%, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
1-3%.
ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ - ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ 1-2 ɪɚɡɚ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɌɎɍɄ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ: ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɹɝɤɚɹ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɌɎɍɄ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɭɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ
ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɉɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɟɝɨ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ,
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ 3,3% ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ
4,6%, ɬ. ɤ. ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɢ ɞɟɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɵ.
60
ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɈɊȽȺɇɈȽȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʌɚɤɬɢɨɧɨɜɚ1, Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ƚɨɥɭɛɢɧɚ1, ɇ.Ɇ. Ȼɟɫɫɨɧɨɜɚ2
1 - Ɍɨɦɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɍɨɦɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ƚɨɪɧɨ-Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ƚɨɪɧɨ-Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ 70-ɯ ɝɝ. XX ɜɟɤɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ
ɧɭɠɞɚɦɢ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ –ɬɨɪɮ, ɫɚɩɪɨɩɟɥɢ, ɦɟɪɝɟɥɢ, ɬɨɪɮɨɜɢɜɢɚɧɢɬɵ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ȽɄ), ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨɪɮɚ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ȽɄ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ: ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɦɨɥɚɦɢ, ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɩɢɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɦɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ȽɄ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɬɹɠɟɤ ɢɡ ɬɨɪɮɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ȽɄ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ,
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ,
ɚɧɬɢɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ,
ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ,
ɚɧɬɢɦɭɬɚɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɦɚɪɚɥɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɜ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɨɪɧɨɚɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɪɮɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ȽɄ ɬɨɪɮɨɜ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ («ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɬɨɪɮɚ», ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ ʋ 2300103.), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ..
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ (Ƚɨɫɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ʋ 02.740.11.0325).
ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɃ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɄɈɊɕ ɋɈɋɇɕ ɂ ȿɅɂ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʌɟɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ȼɭɬɵɥɤɢɧɚ, ɇ.Ɇ. ɂɜɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ, Ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ɇɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜɨɫɤɨɜ, ɠɢɪɨɜ,
ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ɋɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɵ ɟɥɢ
ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɥɚɝɢ,
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɝɪɢɛɤɨɜ. ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɫɦɨɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɟɥɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ: ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ, ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɜ ɢ
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
61
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɤɨɪɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ⱥɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɯɥɨɪɢɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɫɦɨɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɉɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɵɬɹɠɟɤ ɤɨɪɵ ɷɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɦ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ,
ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ, ɤɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɯɥɨɪɢɞɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ
ɤɨɪɵ, ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɞɨɨɜɨɳɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɉɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ
ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɫ/ɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ɉɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɢɡ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɋɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ⱦɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ
Ⱥɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɯɥɨɪɢɞɵ
ɉɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɵ
ɉɟɤɬɢɧ
ȼɵɯɨɞ, % ɨɬ ɚ.ɫ.ɤɨɪɵ
Ʉɨɪɚ ɟɥɢ
Ʉɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɧɵ
6,0
4,8
10,4
10,0
13,2
10,8
0,3
0,5
3,6
4,2
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɕ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɌȿɅə ɇȺ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɘ
ȻȿɌɍɅɂɇȺ ɂɁ ȻȿɊȿɋɌɕ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʌɟɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɟɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ, Ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɢɡ
ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɋɨɤɫɥɟɬɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɪɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɞɨ ¼ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɬɝɨɧɤɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɢ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɫ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɞɨ 95 % ɦɚɫ. ɉɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ (10
ɱ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ 7-13 %
ɦɚɫ. ɞɨ 38-41 % ɦɚɫ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ.
62
ʋ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ*
ȼɵɯɨɞ.
%**
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ,
%***
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, %
Ɉɛɳɢɣ
ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ,
%**
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɜ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɦ
ɨɫɚɞɤɟ, %***
4,5
73,2
3,4
7,0
53,2
2,5
17,0
ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɣɧɵɣ
10,5
90,4
4,5
13,0
74,8
2
ɷɮɢɪ
2,5
9,0
7,0
84,5
3,3
10,2
62,0
3
Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ȻɊ-1
3,2
16,4
1,0
26,2
75,4
3,3
28,5
70,2
4
ɐɢɤɨɥɝɟɤɫɚɧ
2,3
8,5
1,0
23,8
74,4
8,3
29,5
62,5
5
Ⱥɰɟɬɨɧɢɬɪɢɥ
5,7
Ⱦɢɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ
26,8
84,3
7,3
35,8
72,9
6
ɷɮɢɪ
9,0
39,1
6,8
23,8
95,5
8,1
38,0
74,3
7
ɗɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ
14,2
39,0
3,9
24,5
90,6
9,0
38,3
8
Ⱥɰɟɬɨɧ
71,0
13,8
36,1
4,9
28,0
88,4
4,9
38,2
69,2
9
ɂɡɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥ
10,2
16,6
6,6
28,8
89,6
7,1
41,0
72,5
10
ɗɬɚɧɨɥ
12,2
33,4
4,1
11
Ⱦɢɨɤɫɚɧ
24,0
64,0
6,7
24,0
64,0
* ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ 1 ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ ¼ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ;
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ 2 – ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ; ** ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɚ.ɫ. ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ; *** ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ
1
Ƚɟɤɫɚɧ
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ (ȼɀɏ) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ 88,4 % ɢ 89,6
% ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ ɢ 90,6 % ɢ 95,5 % ɜ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɨɜɨɦ ɢ
ɷɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɦ,
ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 3-4 % ɦɚɫ., ɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ – 8-9 % ɦɚɫ.
ɋȿɊɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ ȻȿɌɍɅɂɇȺ
Ɇ.ɘ. Ʌɟɠɧɟɜɚ1, Ɍ.Ⱥ. Ɇɢɯɟɟɜɚ1, Ʌ.ɀ. Ⱥɲɢɦɨɜɚ1, ɋ.Ɇ. Ⱥɞɟɤɟɧɨɜ2
1 - ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ɇ. Ʉɨɡɵɛɚɟɜɚ ɝ. ɉɟɬɪɨɩɚɜɥɨɜɫɤ, Ʉɚɯɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
2 - ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɨɥɞɢɧɝ «Ɏɢɬɨɯɢɦɢɹ» ɝ. Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɣ
ɫɩɢɪɬ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ.
ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɮɨɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ
[1],
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ
29,30ɞɢɛɪɨɦɚɥɥɨɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ (1), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɫɟɪɵ.
63
S
S
NaS2
O
Br
Br
O
NH2
2
HO
N
C
SH
S
SH
S
HO
1
H 2N
C
NH2
+
O
O
KOH
HO
3
HO
4
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 2-4 ɧɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ Ȼɟɥɶɲɬɟɣɧɚ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɡɨɬ ɭ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 2 ɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɭ ɭ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ 2-4 ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ. ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 2-4 ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɭɸ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
Ʌɟɠɧɟɜɚ. Ɇ. ɘ., ɒɭɥɶɰ ɗ. ɗ., Ȼɚɝɪɹɧɫɤɚɹ ɂ. ɘ., Ƚɚɬɢɥɨɜ ɘ. ȼ., ɒɚɤɢɪɨɜ Ɇ. Ɇ.,
Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜ Ƚ. Ⱥ., Ⱥɞɟɤɟɧɨɜ ɋ. Ɇ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ 29,30ɞɢɛɪɨɦɚɥɥɨɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ // ɏɢɦɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ. ɫɨɟɞɢɧ. – 2006. - ʋ 2. - ɋ. 153-155.
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɕɃ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋ ɄȺɌȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ
ȼ.ɂ. Ʌɟɫɢɧ1, Ʌ.Ɇ. ɉɢɫɚɪɟɧɤɨ2, Ɉ.Ɍ. Ʉɚɫɚɢɤɢɧɚ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɇ.ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ
ɜɨɞɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɢɨɧɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ [1-3]. ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɚɦɨɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɤɢɧɝɚ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ. Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɭɸ ɧɚɧɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɭɸ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɸ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ. ɇɚɧɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ,
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɊɋȺ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (40-70ɨɋ) ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ (ɨɩɢɥɨɤ) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ/ɇ2Ɉ2/ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ/ɜɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
(ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɷɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ), ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ (ɋɈ2,
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ, ɷɮɢɪɵ, etc.). Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɟɬ
64
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɭ ɜ
ɛɟɥɭɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ: ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɢ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ, ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ.
[1] Kirk T.K. in Microbial Degradation of Organic Compounds. V.13 (ed. Gibson D.T.) 399-438
(Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1984). [2] Boeran W., Ralph J., Baucher M., Lignin
biosynthesis. Annu.Rev.Plant Biol. 54, 519. (2003). [3] Flaig W. Effects of microorganins in the
transformation of lignin to humic substances.// Geohim. Cosmochim. Acta - 1964, - Vol. 28, - p.
1523.
ɊȿȺɄɐɂə S-ɌɊɂɌɂɅ-L-ɐɂɋɌȿɂɇȺ ɋ ȾɂɈɄɋɂȾɈɆ ɏɅɈɊȺ ȼ ȼɈȾɇɈɃ ɋɊȿȾȿ
ɂ.ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ S-ɬɪɢɬɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 30qɋ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ : ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 1:1. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɚɧɢɧɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬ (1), ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɚɧɨɥ (2), ɞɢɬɪɢɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɷɮɢɪ (3).
ɋɦɟɫɶ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɞɢɬɪɢɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɮɢɪɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ⱦɢɚɥɚɧɢɧɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ ɢ əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ.
NH2
NH2 O
ClO2, H2O
S
COOH
o
30 C
HOOC
COOH
S
O S
OH
O
NH2
1
2
3
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɚ S-ɬɪɢɬɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟɢɧɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ S-ɋ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ɢ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ. ɋɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɟɧɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɚɬ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ S-O, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ
ɞɜɚ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ: ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɟɧɢɥɶɧɵɣ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ S-S
ɜ ɞɢɚɥɚɧɢɧɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɟ. ɂɡ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɬɪɢɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ
ɷɮɢɪ ɢ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɚɧɨɥ.
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ,
ɉɈɅɍɑȺȿɆɕɏ ɂɁ ɉɈɑȿɄ ɌɈɉɈɅə ȻȺɅɖɁȺɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ, ɋ ɐȿɅɖɘ
ɉɈȼɕɒȿɇɂə ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɋȿɅɖɋɄɈȽɈ ɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȺ
ɇ.ɋ. Ʌɨɩɭɯɢɧ, ȼ.ȼ. ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜ
ɌɈɈ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɉɟɬɪɨɩɚɜɥɨɜɫɤ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ ɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ. ɗɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ
65
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɨɫɬɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ɋɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɥɢɩɢɞɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ P, ȿ, A, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (ɋɨ,
ɋu, Zn, I2), ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɟɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɶ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ 30-50%. ɇɟɤɨɪɧɟɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɤɨɪɦɤɚ
ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ 2-4 ɪɚɡɚ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 1,8-2,4 ɪɚɡɚ, ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ ɧɚ 1011%, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ 39-47%, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ ɧɚ
25-42%.
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɟ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɷɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɧɭɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬɚ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɥɨɞɧɹɤɚ,
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɛɪɨɧɯɨɥɟɝɨɱɧɵɯ,
ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆȿɌɈȾȺ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ȾȿɅɂȽɇɂɎɂɐɂɊɍɘɓȿɃ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɇɈɋɌɂ
ɇȿȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ
Ɍ.Ʌ. Ʌɭɤɚɧɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɟɧɤɨɜ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɶɜɨɥɢɡɚ
ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ) ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ (ȿ) ɢ ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ (HȺȾ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ȿ ɢ HȺȾ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ
ɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫ ɢɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.
66
ɇɈȼɈȿ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȿ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼɈ, ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɈȿ ɂɁ ɇȺȾɁȿɆɇɈɃ
ɑȺɋɌɂ LIMONIUM MYRIANTHUM
Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɟɜɚ, Ƚ.ȿ. ɀɭɫɭɩɨɜɚ, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɠɚɦɤɭɥɨɜɚ, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɛɢɥɨɜ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ȼ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɪɨɩɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ, ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ ɜɤɭɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɭ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɪɨɩɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɚɥɬɟɣɧɵɣ ɫɢɪɨɩ (Sirupus
Althaeae), ɪɟɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɪɨɩ (Sirupus Rhei), ɫɢɪɨɩ ɪɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɧɹ (Sirupus Ipecacuanhae),
ɫɨɥɨɞɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɪɨɩ (Sirupus Glycyrrhizae), ɩɟɪɬɭɫɫɢɧ (Pertussinum), ɫɢɪɨɩ ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤɚ
(Sirupus fructi Rosae), ɯɨɥɨɫɚɫ (Cholosasum), ɫɢɪɨɩ ɚɥɨɷ ɫ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɦ (Sirupus Aloes cum
ferro). ɏɨɥɨɫɚɫ - ɫɢɪɨɩ ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɛɚɱɶɟɝɨ, ɛɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ.
ɋɢɪɨɩɵ - ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɪɨɞɢɜɲɢɯ ɹɝɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɨɤɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢɯ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɧɚɫɬɨɣɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɦɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɝɭɫɬɵɟ, ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɤɭɫ ɢ
ɡɚɩɚɯ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɜ ɫɢɪɨɩɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 40 ɞɨ 80 %. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɪɨɩɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ
ɨɫɦɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɪɨɩɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɱɟ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɬɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦɭ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ, ɬɟ ɠɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɪɨɩɚ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɚ ɫɢɪɨɩɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɢɪɨɩ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɢɡ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ L. myrianthum, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ.
Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ L. myrianthum ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫɢɪɨɩɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɪɨɩɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ: 1) ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɪɨɩɚ; 2) ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɢɪɨɩɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ ɢ ɫɩɢɪɬ); 3) ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜ ɫɢɪɨɩɚ
ɜ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɧ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ. ɉɪɢ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɪɨɩ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ. ɋɚɯɚɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɪɨɩɚ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɭɫɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɢɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɫɢɪɨɩɭ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ 96% ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. ɋɢɪɨɩ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ L. myrianthum, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɝɭɫɬɨɜɚɬɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ. ȿɝɨ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ: ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫ 1%
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɤɜɚɫɰɨɜ ɢɥɢ 2% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ,
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɜɚɬɨ-ɫɟɪɨɟ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɪɨɩɚ 1,260 ɝ/ɫɦ3, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ 1,4355, ɫɭɯɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 60 %. Ɇɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
67
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɢɪɨɩ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ L.
myrianthum, ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ.
ɉȿɄɌɂɇɕ ɂ ȽȿɆɂɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ ɁȿɅȿɇɂ ɉɂɏɌɕ ɋɂȻɂɊɋɄɈɃ
(ABIES SIBIRICA LEDEB.)
ȿ.ɇ. Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ1, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɬɨɜɚ2, ȿ.Ƚ. ɒɚɯɦɚɬɨɜ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ (ȾɁ) ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ
(ɉɉ) ɢ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ȽɆɐ).
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɉɉ; ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ KOH
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɝɥɸɤɭɪɨɧɨɤɫɢɥɚɧɨɜ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ ɢ
ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ
ɢ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɉɉ ɢ ȽɆɐ ɜ ȾɁ ɩɢɯɬɵ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɞɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɉɉ ɢ ȽɆɐ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɫɛɨɪɚ ȾɁ
ɩɢɯɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɉ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɟɧɧɟ-ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȽɆɐ – ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ.
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɉɉ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ Dɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɡɵ, ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɵ ɢ ɪɚɦɧɨɡɵ. Ɇɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɉɉ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
-1,4-Dɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɧɨɦ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ
ɚɛɢɟɧɚɧɚ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɦɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɧɚ I.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɞɧɨ- ɢ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɚɫɚ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɵ
ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉɉ. Ȼɨɤɨɜɵɟ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ
-1,5-ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ
ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɮɭɪɚɧɨɡɵ ɢ ȕ-1,4-ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɩɢɪɚɧɨɡɵ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɉɉ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ, ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɊɂ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȿ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɂ ɏȼɈɂ, ɇȺ Ʌɖɇȿ-ȾɈɅȽɍɇɐȿ ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ
ȼɈɅɈȽɈȾɋɄɈɃ ɈȻɅȺɋɌɂ
Ɍ.Ɉ. Ɇɚɥɶɰɟɜɚ, ɘ.Ⱥ. ɋɭɫɥɨɜ, ȿ.ɘ. Ȼɚɯɬɟɧɤɨ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ"
[email protected]
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɟɥɹɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ (2007-2009 ɝɝ.) ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ Ʌɚɪɢɤɫɢɧ (250 ɦɥ/ɬ); Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɥ (100 ɦɥ/ɬ, 100 ɦɥ/ɝɚ);
68
ȼɗɊȼȺ, Ʉɗ 10 ɝ/ɥ (80 ɦɥ/ɬ, 200 ɦɥ/ɝɚ) ɧɚ ɥɶɧɟ-ɞɨɥɝɭɧɰɟ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ⱦɚɲɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ. ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ
ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɟɜɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɟɦɹɧ (ɋ), ɨɩɪɵɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɚɡɭ «ɟɥɨɱɤɢ» (Ɋ) ɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ (ɋɊ). ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɶɧɨɫɨɥɨɦɵ (ɍɅɋ), ɫɟɦɹɧ (ɍɋ) ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ - ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ (ȼɊ), ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɫɬɟɛɥɹ (ɌȾ),
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ (ɆɊ), ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɨɛɨɱɟɤ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɢ (ɄɄ) ɢ ɦɚɫɫɵ 1000 ɫɟɦɹɧ
(Ɇɋ) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ.
ɍɅɋ,
ɰ/ɝɚ
ɍɋ,
ɰ/ɝɚ
ʋ
ʋ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
1
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ (ɋ)
2
Ʌɚɪɢɤɫɢɧ (ɋ)
88,9
78,3
0,655
5
5,00
33,3
8,9
3
Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɥ (ɋ)
90,3
80,7
0,654
4
4,83
34,0
8,9
4
Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɥ (Ɋ)
89,1
77,6
0,754
5
5,02
37,6
11,1
5
Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɥ (ɋɊ)
88,1
76,9
0,852
5
4,97
34,0
8,8
6
ȼɗɊȼȺ (ɋ)
89,2
71,6
0,882
8
5,07
43,5
15,4
7
ȼɗɊȼȺ (Ɋ)
86,7
74,0
0,806
8
5,10
41,7
14,6
8
ȼɗɊȼȺ (ɋɊ)
87,6
75,5
0,701
7
5,08
39,4
12,3
ȼɊ, ɫɦ
ɌȾ, ɫɦ
ɆɊ ,ɝ
ɄɄ, ɲɬ
Ɇɋ, ɝ
77,0
73,5
0,409
4
4,83
30,2
7
ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɶɧɨɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɨɬ 3,8 - ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɞɨ 13,3
ɰ/ɝɚ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɥ (ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ 3 ɢ 4) ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɌȾ, ɱɬɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɥɶɧɚ-ɞɨɥɝɭɧɰɚ
ɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ 3,6 - 4,3
%, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɤɨɪɨɛɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɵ 1000 ɫɟɦɹɧ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ
ȼɗɊȼȺ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
(ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ 5 ɢ 8).
ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɥ ɢ ȼɗɊȼȺ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɟɜɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɹɧ,
ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɩɪɨɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɹ
ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɭ Ʌɚɪɢɤɫɢɧ, ɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɟɝɨ.
ȾȿɅɂȽɇɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ɂ ɏȼɈɃɇɈɃ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɉɈȾ
ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿɆ ɈɁɈɇȺ
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɦɥɟɟɜɚ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɭɬɥɨɜ2, ɇ.Ƚ. Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɨɜɚ2, ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɭɧɢɧ1
1 - ɆȽɍ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ
2 - Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɡɨɧ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ
ɤ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ - ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ,
ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (ɅȽ) ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɐ) ɩɪɢ
ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
69
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ Ɉ3, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɡɨɧɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɅȽ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ,
ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ (ɋȾ) ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ >93% ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ
~50%.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ-, ɍɎ- ɢ ɗɉɊ- ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɅȽ ɢ ɐ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ⱦɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɐ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɋɉ). ɉɪɢ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɡɨɧɚ, ɋȾ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɐ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ
50-60%. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɉ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɢ ɋȾ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ
ɨɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɡɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɡɨɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɅȽ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɡɨɧɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɐ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɋȾ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ȾȿɅɂȽɇɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɉɊɂ ɈɁɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɂ ȼ
ɉɊɂɋɍɌɋɌȼɂɂ ɉȿɊɈɄɋɂȾȺ ȼɈȾɈɊɈȾȺ
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɦɥɟɟɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. Ɋɚɡɜɚɠɧɚɹ, ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɭɧɢɧ
ɆȽɍ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɡɨɧ ɢ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɉɛɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɺɦɤɢɦɢ. ɉɨɢɫɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɵɪɶɺ Ɉ3 ɢ ɇ2Ɉ2.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɩɪɢ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɇ2Ɉ2.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ (ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ 0,5-0,75 ɦɦ) ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɇ2Ɉ2 (5×10-4÷5 ×10-2 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ 56%. Ɉɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɩɪɢ t =25°C, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɡɨɧɚ 30-90 ɦɝ/ɥ,
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ 2-4 ɥ/ɱ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɡɨɧɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄɋ, ɍɎ- ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɗɉɊ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (ɅȽ) ɜ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ
Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɭ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɡɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɡɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ɉ3/ɇ2Ɉ2 ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ (ɋȾ) - 87%, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɇ2Ɉ2 (83%) . ɋȾ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɇ2Ɉ2, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɨɡɨɧɚ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɉ3/ɇ2Ɉ2 ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɅȽ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɅȽ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ȼɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɋȾ.
70
ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ɎɂɁɂɄɈ-ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ
ȾɅə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ȼɕɋɈɄɈɆɈɅȿɄɍɅəɊɇɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɇɕɏ
ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɃ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ȼ.ɂ. Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ1, ɇ.Ƚ. Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɨɜɚ1, ɉ.ȼ. Ʉɨɥɨɫɨɜ1, ȿ.ȼ. Ʉɚɥɸɬɚ2, Ɇ.ɘ. ɑɟɩɪɚɫɨɜɚ1,
ɂ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɬɪɚɤɨɜ1
1 - Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ (80–98%) ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ (ɄɆȽ) (ɞɨ 25%). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɋ
ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ
CH3COOH – H2O2 – H2O – H2SO4, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɚɯ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɹɝɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ OH-ɝɪɭɩɩ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɄɆȽ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɨ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ (15–28%).
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (Ɇȼɂ). Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ Ɇȼɂ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ 40–
80%, ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɄɆȽ 10–27%, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 2 ɦɢɧ (ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 4 ɱ).
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɄɆȽ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ (ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɪ.).
ɂɇɌȿɇɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁȺ ɂ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɂ
ɉȿɄɌɂɇɈȼɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ɂɁ ɄɈɊɇȿɉɅɈȾɈȼ ȾȺɃɄɈɇȺ
ɋ.Ɍ. Ɇɢɧɡɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɐɟɩɚɟɜɚ, Ʌ.Ƚ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɂ. Ɇɢɧɞɭɛɚɟɜ, Ƚ.Ɋ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ,
Ɏ.ɏ. Ɂɢɚɬɞɢɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ȼɵɲɬɚɤɚɥɸɤ, ȼ.ȼ. Ɂɨɛɨɜ, ȼ.Ɏ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ
ɂɈɎɏ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ
ɫ
ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ,
ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ
ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
71
ɐɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɧɟɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɞɚɣɤɨɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɨ-ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ «Ⱦɟɥɶɬɚ-ɪɨɬɨɪ».
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɤɨɪɧɟɩɥɨɞɵ ɞɚɣɤɨɧɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ «Ⱦɪɚɤɨɧ», ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ
ȼɇɂɂ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ (ɝ. Ɉɞɢɧɰɨɜɨ).
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ
ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 15 ɦɢɧ, (ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɶ 1:15, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 45ºɋ).
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ 0.5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ
ɳɚɜɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɊɉȺ
ɉɟɤɬɢɧ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɉɟɤɬɢɧ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ 0.5 % ɪ-ɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ 0.5 % ɪ-ɦ
ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɳɚɜɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ȼɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, %
8.4
7.0
Ɂɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, %
1.1
1.2
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ
5.7
4.2
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, %
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, %
69.6
66.5
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ
134.8
90.7
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, Pb2+ɦɝ/ɝ
Ʉɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ 0,5
3.3· 10-6
2.6 · 10-6
% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ, ɦ2/ɫ
ɍɪɨɧɢɞɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ, %
72.8
60.5
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ, Ⱦɚ
39452
35990
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɨ-ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɡ ɜɵɠɢɦɨɤ ɞɚɣɤɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɫ
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ: ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ - 35-40 ɤȾɚ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ – ɞɨ 70 % (ɬɚɛɥ.1), ɬ.ɟ. ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȽɈɋɌ ɧɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɟɤɬɢɧ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɵɠɢɦɨɤ ɤɨɪɧɟɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɞɚɣɤɨɧɚ 0.5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ,
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 91 Pb2+ ɦɝ/ɝ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɹɛɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ «Herbstreith & Fox KG» - 110 Pb2+ ɦɝ/ɝ. ɉɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ 0.5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɳɚɜɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 135 Pb2+ ɦɝ/ɝ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ʋ 5 ɈɏɇɆ ɊȺɇ
ȼɁȺɂɆɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ (-)-ɐɂɌɂɁɂɇȺ ɋ ɂɁɈɐɂȺɇȺɌȺɆɂ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɇɢɧɢɥɛɚɟɜɚ, ɂ.ɉ. ɐɵɩɵɲɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʌɨɛɨɜ, ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɚɫɪɚɞɡɟ, Ɇ.ɋ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜ
ɂɈɏ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧ ɢ N-ɧɢɬɪɨɡɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɫɧɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɭɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ,
ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɝɨ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ1.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɮɨɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
72
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ N-ɧɢɬɪɨɡɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɯɢɧɨɥɢɡɢɞɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚ (-)-ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧɚ 1, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɜ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɜ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɢɡɨɰɢɚɧɚɬɚɦɢ. ɗɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ
ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧ2.
Ʉɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ (-)-ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧɚ 1 ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ3-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɦɢɞɭ 2, ɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ (-)-ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧɚ 1 ɷɤɜɢɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɮɟɧɢɥɢɡɨɰɢɚɧɚɬɚ3 ɜ ɌȽɎ ɞɚɥɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ N-ɮɟɧɢɥɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ-3-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɦɢɞ 3.
ɉɨ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ
N-ɚɥɥɢɥɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ-3-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɦɢɞ
4.
Ɉɡɨɧɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɚɥɥɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ 4 ɜ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɟ ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɡɨɧɢɞɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɛɨɪɝɢɞɪɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ N-(2cɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥ)ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ-3-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɦɢɞ 5, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧ ɜ ɛɟɧɡɨɚɬ 6. Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ əɆɊ 1H ɢ 13ɋ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ 2-6 ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ 1H-1H-COSY ɢ 13ɋ-1ɇ-HETCOR).
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɊɎɎɂ ʋ ʋ 09-03-00685-a.
1. Ɇɚɲɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɇ.Ⱦ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ // ɈɈɈ «ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɇɨɜɚɹ ȼɨɥɧɚ». –
2000. – Ɍ.1, Ɍ.2. – 1148 ɫ.
2. ȼɢɲɧɹɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɉ., Ƚɨɥɭɛɟɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ƚɥɟɛɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ., // ɍɫɩɟɯɢ ɯɢɦɢɢ. – 1985. – Ɍ. LIV. –
ȼɵɩ. 3. – ɋ.429.
3. Ɍɢɦɛɟɤɨɜ ɗ.ɏ. // ɍɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. – 1976. – Ɍ. 20. – ȼɵɩ. 2 - Ɋ. 47.
ȽɂȾɊɈȾɂɋɌɂɅɅəɐɂɈɇɇȺə ɋȼɑ-ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ ɁȿɅȿɇɂ ɄȿȾɊȺ
ȼ.ȼ. Ɇɢɪɨɲɧɢɱɟɧɤɨ1, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɦɨɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ1, ȼ.ɇ. ɉɚɪɲɢɤɨɜɚ1, Ɋ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ2
1 - Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ, ɧɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ.
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɝɨɧɤɟ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɨɫɬɪɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ. ɂɯ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ
73
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ – ɜ 5-6 ɪɚɡ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬɝɨɧɤɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢɡ ɫɵɪɶɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɝɨɧɤɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɤɟɞɪɚ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ 15-20%.
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ
ɦɚɫɥɚɯ ɤɟɞɪɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɋȼɑ-ɧɚɝɪɟɜɟ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɋɑȼ-ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ
ɦɚɫɟɥ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ, ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ,
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ. Ɇɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ȻȿɁɊȿȺȽȿɇɌɇɈȽɈ ɉɊȿȾȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁȺ
ɆɂɋɄȺɇɌɍɋȺ ɄɂɌȺɃɋɄɈȽɈ
Ɋ.ɘ. Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜ1, Ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɟɧɢɫɨɜɚ2
1 - ɂɉɏɗɌ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ȼɢɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ȻɌɂ ȺɥɬȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɂ.ɂ. ɉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɚ, Ȼɢɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɇɐɋɋ) ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ,
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɦɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɨɜɫɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɫ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɟɞɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ
ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɵɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɊɎ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ – Ɇɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ. ɉɪɟɞɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɱ ɜ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɨɬ 140qɋ ɞɨ 220qɋ, ɛɟɡ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɱɟɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɟ ɫ 5 ɝ/ɥ (ɩɪɢ 140qɋ) ɞɨ 10 ɝ/ɥ
(ɩɪɢ 180qɋ). Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ (Ʌɐ): ɫ 24% (140qɋ) ɞɨ 49% (220qɋ). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɬ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
74
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ Ɇɢɫɤɚɧɬɭɫɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɟɡɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Ʌɐ ɫɧɢɠɚɥɫɹ ɫ 70% (140qɋ) ɞɨ 49% (180qɋ), ɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨ 220qɋ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɥ ɞɨ 54-55%. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ, ɬ.ɤ. ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɜ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɫ 10 ɝ/ɥ (180qɋ) ɞɨ 5 ɝ/ɥ (220qɋ).
ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɇɕɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɌɊɈɉɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɈɊɈȾ
Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɢɞɢ1, Ʉ.ȼ. Ƚɟɧɶɲ1, ɇ.ȿ. Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ2, ȿ.ɘ. Ʉɭɲɧɢɪ3, ɇ.Ƚ. Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɨɜɚ3
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ
ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɚɥɶɦɵ Rhapis, ɤɚɤɬɭɫɚ Cereus Peruvians ɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ
ɞɪɚɰɟɧɚ Dracaena Sanderiana ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ [1, 2].
ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ 0.3-1.0 ɦɦ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɨɥɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ Dracaena Sanderiana ɢ
Cereus Peruvians, ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɢɡ Rhapis. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ Dracaena Sanderiana ɢ
Rhapis ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ Cereus Peruvians.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ
Cereus Peruvians
64
Rhapis
ɏɨɥɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
Dracaena Sanderiana
63
Ƚɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
19.1
21.3
27.0
ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
45.2
45.5
32.6
Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ
14.4
9.7
13.1
57
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
1. Alriols M.G., Tejado A., Blanco M., Mondragon I., Labidi J. // Chem. Eng. J. 2009. V.
148. N. 1. pp. 106-114.
2. Koba Y., Ishizaki A. // Agric. Biol. Chem. 1990. V. 54. N.5. pp.1183-1187.
75
ɅȿɑȿȻɇɈ-ɉɊɈɎɂɅȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺ ɂɁ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ȾȿɊȿȼȺ
ȼ.Ȼ. ɇɟɤɪɚɫɨɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ. ȼɵɩɚɞɚɸɬ
ɢɡ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɫɟɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ, ɤɨɪɚ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ,
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɟ ɦɵɥɨ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ.
ȼ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ (ɅɌȺ) ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬɫɹ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɱɚɬɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɜɟɤɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɥɟɫɨɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ Ɏ.Ɍ. ɋɨɥɨɞɤɢɦ
ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ ɢɡ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɞɟɪɟɜɚ. ȼ ɋɋɋɊ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ 14 ɰɟɯɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɥɚɩɤɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɩɨ
ɦɟɬɨɞɭ Ɏ.Ɍ. ɋɨɥɨɞɤɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 350 ɬ/ɝɨɞ ȻȺȼ: ɯɜɨɣɧɭɸ
ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨ-ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɚɫɬɭ, ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ, ɜɨɫɤ, ɷɮɢɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɵ
ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɚ, ɩɪɨɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ, ɤɨɪɦɨɜɭɸ ɦɭɤɭ. ɇɚ ȼɵɪɭɫɤɨɦ ɥɟɫɨɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɟ
ɛɵɥɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɫɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɵ (8-10 ɬ/ɝɨɞ), ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɤɨɦɩɨɫɬ. ɇɚ
ɑɢɦɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɥɚ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ (2ɬ/ɝɨɞ) ɞɥɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɢ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ, ɤɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ.
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ ɢɡ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ «Ɏɢɬɨɥɨɧ-Ɇɟɞ», ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɅɌȺ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɥɢɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɧɨ-ɮɢɬɚɧɰɢɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ
ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨ-ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɫɬɵ «Ʌɟɫɦɢɧ» ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɝɪɢɩɩɚ, ɈɊȼɂ, ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɚ. ɋɢɪɨɩ «Ɏɢɬɨɥɨɧ»
ɫ ɦɟɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɚ - ɚɞɚɩɬɨɝɟɧ, ɤɪɨɜɟɬɜɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɟɛɢɨɬɢɤ.
«ɉɪɨɜɢɬɚɦ» ɢɡ ɯɜɨɢ - ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ.
Ɂɭɛɧɵɟ ɩɚɫɬɵ «Ʌɟɫɦɢɧ-Ⱦɟɧɬ» ɢ «Ɏɢɬɨɥɨɧ» ɫ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɦ
ɨɫɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɪɢɟɫɚ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɞɨɧɬɨɡɚ. ɉɭɞɪɚ-ɩɪɢɫɵɩɤɚ ɫ
ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɦ ɢ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɧɨɡɚɠɢɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɵɥɚ, ɲɚɦɩɭɧɢ, ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɤɢ, ɤɪɟɦɵ, ɥɨɫɶɨɧɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ȻȺȼ ɢ
ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ.
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁȺɌɈȼ ȾɅə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ɎɍɊɎɍɊɈɅȺ
ȿ.ȼ. ɇɟɫɬɟɪɨɜɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ȿɥɤɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ –
ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɭɪɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ɂɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɨ (20…35 % ɢ 3…9 %
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ), ɷɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 6…11
% ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɚ.ɫ.ɫ. ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɵɣ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɝɟɤɫɨɡɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɟɪɤɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɰɟɥɥɨɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ
76
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɤɫɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ, ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨɬ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɇɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɟɤɫɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɢɡ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: 1)
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɦ ɤɚɥɢɹ Ʉ2Cr2Ɉ7 (ɞɢɯɪɨɦɚɬɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ) ɢ 2) ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ Fe3+
(ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ). ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ Ʉ2Cr2Ɉ7 ɜɵɯɨɞ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 24,8 % ɨɬ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ, ɚ ɇ2Ɉ2 – 31,9 %. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 10…12 % ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɢɡ 1 ɬ ɚ.ɫ.ɫ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɤɫɨɡɧɵɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ 2…2,5 ɪɚɡɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ – ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɨɜ (ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɬɨɪɮɚ ɢ
ɞɪ.).
ɄȺɊȻɈɄɋɂɆȿɌɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɇȺə ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁȺ ɂɁ ɉɅɈȾɈȼɕɏ ɈȻɈɅɈɑȿɄ
ɁɅȺɄɈȼ
Ɇ.ȼ. Ɉɛɪɟɡɤɨɜɚ, ȼ.ȼ. Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɯɥɨɩɤɚ, ɥɶɧɚ ɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ [1] ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɟ ɬɢɩɚ
«ȼɟɪɧɟɪ-ɉɮɥɹɣɞɟɪɟɪ» ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɨɜɫɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ: ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ʋ 1), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ʋ 2), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɨɬɛɟɥɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ [2]. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɦɭ ɫɵɪɶɸ (0,1 ɤɝ ɧɚ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɧɚɬɪɢɣ-ɄɆɐ) ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɋɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ-ɄɆɐ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ,
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɶɸ ɦɨɧɨɯɥɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɞɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɄɆɐ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɲɤɭ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ-ɄɆɐ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ
ʋ 1 ɢ ʋ 2 ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ. Ɉɛɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɣɄɆɐ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ: ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ (7275 Ȗ), ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ (44,045,5 %), ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ (444-445 ɟɞ.), ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɚɪɤɟ 75/400, ɫɨɪɬɭ 2 ɩɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɄɆɐ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ-ɄɆɐ ɢɡ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɨɜɫɚ), ɷɬɨ – ɝɨɪɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ.
77
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ
(ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɨɜɫɚ) ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚɦɢ.
1. Ɇ.ȼ. Ɉɛɪɟɡɤɨɜɚ ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ: Ⱦɢɫ….ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ.
Ȼɢɣɫɤ. 2007. 115 ɫ.
2. V.V. Budaeva et al. Obtaining technical cellulose from straw and cereals seed shells. Journal
of Mountain Agriculture in the Balkans. vol. 12. no. 5. 2009. pp. 1027–1039.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɆȿɅȺɇɂɇɈȼɈȽɈ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺ ɋɌȿɊɂɅɖɇɈɃ ɎɈɊɆɕ
ɌɊɍɌɈȼɂɄȺ ɋȿɊɇɈ-ɀȿɅɌɈȽɈ LAETIPORUS SULPHUREUS (BULL.: FR.) MURR
Ⱦ.ɇ. Ɉɥɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ1, ɋ.ȼ. Ⱥɝɚɮɨɧɨɜɚ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɨɯɢɧ3, Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɧɡɢɧɚ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɟɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɇɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɇɚɭɤ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ,
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɬɟɬ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɥɚɧɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɧɨɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɝɪɢɛɚɯ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ
ɪɨɥɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɭɮɟɪɨɜ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɍɎ-ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɚɡɢɞɢɨɦɢɰɟɬɚɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ
ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɝɚ –
ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ Inonotus obliquus (Fr.). ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɱɚɝɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ I. obliquus,
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɛɚɡɢɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɬɪɭɬɨɜɢɤ ɫɟɪɧɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.)
Murr. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ.
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ L. sulphureus ɤɚɤ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɡ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ L. sulphureus ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ (ɜɵɯɨɞ – 2.49% ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɵɪɶɹ). ɋ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɍɎ-, ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɝɟɥɶ-ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɟɧ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ 13ɋ-əɆɊ ɭɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɚ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ in vitro ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧ L. sulphureus ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ-ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ȾɎɉȽ ɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɚɡɨɬɚ (II), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɢɧɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ
ɯɟɥɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (II).
78
ȼɂɇɂɅɈȼɕȿ ɗɎɂɊɕ 2-ɎɍɊɂɅ-1,3-ȾɂɈɄɋȺɐɂɄɅȺɇɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɎɍɊɎɍɊɈɅȺ ɂ ȽɅɂɐȿɊɂɇȺ
Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɉɩɚɪɢɧɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. ȼɵɫɨɰɤɚɹ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜ, ɇ.Ʉ. Ƚɭɫɚɪɨɜɚ, Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ. ɉɪɹɦɨɟ ɜɢɧɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɰɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ [1]) ɢ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ [2]. ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ
ɮɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ
ɜɢɧɢɥɨɤɫɢɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
Ɇɵ ɧɚɲɥɢ, ɱɬɨ 4-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥ-2-(2-ɮɭɪɢɥ)-1,3-ɞɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧ (1) ɢ 5-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-2-(2-ɮɭɪɢɥ)1,3-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ (2) – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ –
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɜɟɪɯɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɄɈɇ-ȾɆɋɈ (50 ɦɨɥ% ɄɈɇ, 80-85ɨɋ, 3 ɱ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɚ ~ 1 ɥ/ɱ), ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ 4ɜɢɧɢɥɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥ-2-(2-ɮɭɪɢɥ)-1,3-ɞɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧ (3) ɢ 5-ɜɢɧɢɥɨɤɫɢ-2-(2-ɮɭɪɢɥ)-1,3-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ (4)
ɫ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 90%.
O
O
O
CH2OH
O
ɄɈɇ/ȾɆɋɈ
OH
+
O
+
HC
CH
80-85oC
O
2
1
O
O
O
CH2O
O
+
O
O
3
O
4
ȼ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɢɧɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ (50 ɦɨɥ% ɄɈɇ, ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ, 100ɨɋ, 2 ɱ,
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɚ 12 ɚɬɦ) ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-1,3-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɰɢɤɥɚɧɵ 1, 2 ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ.
1. Zheng Y., Chen X., Shen Y. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 5253; Zhou C.-H., Beltramini J.N.,
Fan Y.-X., Lu G.Q. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 527; García E., Laca M., Pérez E., Garrido
A., Peinado J. Energy&Fuels. 2008, 22, 4274.
2. Chheda J.N., Huber G.W., Dumesic Ⱥ.J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 38/46, 7164;
Corma A., Iborra S., Velty A. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 2411; Chheda J.N., RomanLeshkov Y., Dumesic J.A. Green. Chem. 2007, 9, 342.
79
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɅɂȽɇɈɋɍɅɖɎɈɇȺɌɈȼ ȼ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿ
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɍɘɓȿɃ ȾɈȻȺȼɄɂ ɉɊɂ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂɂ
ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɄɈɊɊɈɁɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ
ɂ.ɂ. Ɉɫɨɜɫɤɚɹ1, ɘ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɯɚɪɟɧɤɨ1, ɂ.ȼ. ɋɟɪɨɜ1, Ⱥ.Ʌ. Ʉɨɜɠɢɧɚ2, Ƚ.Ɇ. ɉɨɥɬɨɪɚɰɤɢɣ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ,ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ,Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ (Ɍɍ)
[email protected]
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ȼɵɛɨɪɝɫɤɨɝɨ ɐȻɄ ɫ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ. ȼɢɫɤɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ 2%-ɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɢɛɤɨɰɟɩɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɮɨɧɚɬɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
(ɋɤ).
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɨɬɪɵɜɚ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ Ⱦɸ – ɇɭɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ
ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ 0,5%, ɨɫɬɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ
ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ.
ɉɈɂɋɄ ɂ ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɋ
ȺɇɌɂȻȺɄɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖɘ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ,
ɉɊɈɂɁɊȺɋɌȺɘɓɂɏ ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ɉɈɅɘɋȺ ɏɈɅɈȾȺ
ɀ.Ɇ. Ɉɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɚ, ɋ.ȼ. ɋɢɜɰɟɜɚ, Ɍ.ɘ. ɋɬɪɨɟɜɚ, ȿ.Ɋ. ɉɨɫɤɚɱɢɧɚ, ɂ.ȼ. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ,
ȼ.Ʉ. əɞɪɢɯɢɧɫɤɚɹ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "əɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ɇ.Ʉ. Ⱥɦɦɨɫɨɜɚ"
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɭ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ
ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ
ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ [1].
ɇɚɲɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ
ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ əɤɭɬɢɢ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
80
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɯ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɨɣ
ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɛɨɪɚ ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ Ledum palustre L., Ribes alpinum L., Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel,
ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɉɨɥɸɫɚ ɏɨɥɨɞɚ - Ɉɣɦɹɤɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ əɤɭɬɢɢ. ɗɮɢɪɧɵɟ
ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɚɪɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɢ [2]. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɤ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɚɦ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɞɢɫɤɨ-ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ [3] ɫ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɟ HewlettPackard 5890/II ɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɫ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɥɢɫɶ, ɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Wiley275 (275000
ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ) ɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ: Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Ɋɨɫɬ
Staphylococcus aureus ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɢɡ ɛɚɝɭɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɛɨɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɪɨɞɢɧɵ. ȼ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɫɬ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɨɝɨ
ɫɬɚɮɢɥɨɤɨɤɤɚ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɢɡ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɥɚɧɢɤɚ.
ɋɤɪɢɧɢɧɝ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɬɟɫɬɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ əɤɭɬɢɢ ɫ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
1. ɋɭɥɶɞɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ɏ., ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ɋɹɛɤɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɇɟɤɪɚɫɨɜɚ ȼ.Ⱦ. Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ // Ɋɚɫɬ. ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. 2005. - ɋ. 482488.
2. ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɇ., Ʌ.: ɋɟɥɶɯɨɡɝɢɡ,
1987. - 470 ɫ.
3. ɋɢɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ ɋ.ȼ., Ʉɨɥɭɩɚɟɜ ȼ.ȿ. Ⱥɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ: ɞɢɫɤɨ-ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ:
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ɇ., 1999. - 32 ɫ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɉɊȿȾɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ȼɁɊɕȼɇɕɆ ȺȼɌɈȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɈɆ
ɇȺ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ȺɁɈɌɇɈɄɂɋɅɕɏ ɗɎɂɊɈȼ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ
Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ1, Ɇ.ȼ. ɒɭɲɚɤɨɜɚ1, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɇɚɩɢɥɤɨɜɚ2
1 - Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ, ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ
ɨɫɢɧɵ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɨɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫ
ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ (ɌɎɍɄ) ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɧɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ, ɌɎɍɄ ɢ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ 10,8–11,2 % ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɟ. ȼ ɫɩɢɪɬɨ-ɷɮɢɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 70 %, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
81
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɧɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɌɎɍɄ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɵ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɭ ɋ6-ɚɬɨɦɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɤɪɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ, ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɵɦ, ɮɬɚɥɟɜɵɦ ɢ
ɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚɦɢ.
Ⱥɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ – ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɫɬɶɸ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɫ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈȼɈɋɉȺɅɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ
ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɉɂɊȺɁɈɅɈ[1,5-A]ɉɂɊɂɆɂȾɂɇɈȼ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɚɫɚɬɨɱɤɢɧ1, ȿ.ȿ. ȿɦɟɥɢɧɚ1, Ɏ.ɋ. Ɂɚɪɭɞɢɣ2, ɇ.ɀ. Ȼɚɫɱɟɧɤɨ2,
Ɇ.C. ɘɧɭɫɨɜ2, ȼ.ɘ. Ʉɭɤɭɲɤɢɧ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɮɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɢɪɚɡɨɥɨ[1,5-a]ɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɡɨɬɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ
1-3, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɢɪɚɡɨɥɨɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ, ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɊɋȺ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ ɧɚ ɹɞɪɚɯ 1H, 13C ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɦɨ- ɢ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ.
2
2
2
R
R
R
R3
N
N
N
1
1
1
R
R
N
N
1
N
R
4
R
N
2 R
N
N
4
3
3
R
R1, R2 = H, Alk, Ar, CN;
R3, R4 = Alk, Ar, Het, CF3, NH2.
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɛɟɥɵɯ ɦɵɲɚɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 18-22 ɝ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɟɧɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɺɤɚ, ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɞɢɤɥɨɮɟɧɚɤ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ 1-3 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ 10-03-00600-ɚ) ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ "Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ
ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ" (ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪ ɚɤɚɞ. ɇ.ɋ.Ɂɟɮɢɪɨɜ).
82
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂ ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈȼɈɋɉȺɅɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
ɉɂɊȺɁɈɅɈ[3,4-B]ɉɂɊɂȾɂɇɈȼ, ȺɇɇȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ ɐɂɄɅɈȽȿɄɋȺɇɈȼɕɆ
ɄɈɅɖɐɈɆ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʉɚɫɚɬɨɱɤɢɧ1, ȿ.ȿ. ȿɦɟɥɢɧɚ1, Ɏ.ɋ. Ɂɚɪɭɞɢɣ2, ɇ.ɀ. Ȼɚɫɱɟɧɤɨ2,
Ɇ.ɋ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜ2, ȼ.ɘ. Ʉɭɤɭɲɤɢɧ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɮɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɢɪɚɡɨɥɨ[3,4-b]ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ 1-3, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ 2 ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚ 80-90%.
R
1
NH2
N N
Ph
O
2
R
O
O
2
R2CHO
R2
R
1
(CH2)n
N N
Ph
1
N
R
N N
2 Ph
(CH2)n
R2
R2
N
1
R2
R
R
1
N
R2
N N
3
Ph
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ 1,2 ɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɮɟɧɢɥ- ɢɥɢ (2ɬɢɟɧɢɥ)ɦɟɬɢɥɢɞɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɨɚɥɤɚɧɨɜɨɦ ɤɨɥɶɰɟ
ɬɪɢɰɢɤɥɚ 3 ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɦɵɲɚɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ
18-22 ɝ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɟɧɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɺɤɚ, ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɨɪɬɨɮɟɧ. ȼɫɟ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɦɚɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ 10-03-00600-ɚ) ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ "Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ
ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ" (ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪ ɚɤɚɞ. ɇ.ɋ.Ɂɟɮɢɪɨɜ).
ȾɂȻɈɊɇɈɅ: ɂɌɈȽɂ ȾɈɄɅɂɇɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə
Ɇ.Ȼ. ɉɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ2, ȼ.ɂ. ɋɦɨɥɶɹɤɨɜɚ1, Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɚ1, ɂ.ɋ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ1,
ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ2, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜ3
1 - ɇɂɂ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɆɇ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ
3 - ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ Ɋɨɫɡɞɪɚɜɚ"
[email protected]
Ⱦɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ – 4-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2,6-ɞɢɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥ – ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ
ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɟɧɨɥɚɦ. ɍ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ
ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ,
83
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭɸ, ɚɧɬɢɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɝɟɦɨɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɍ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɦ (ɢɲɟɦɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ, ɫɚɯɚɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɛɟɬ)
ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ (ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɢɢɸ
ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɫɦɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ,
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɉɈɅ.
Ⱦɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɣɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢ
ɪɹɞɟ
ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ.
ɗɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɣɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɬɢɚɝɪɟɝɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɬɪɨɦɛɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɣɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɜɚɡɨɞɢɥɹɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɍ ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢɲɟɦɢɢ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɭ ɤɪɵɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ. ɇɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɲɟɦɢɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɭ ɤɪɵɫ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɟ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥɚ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɢɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɒɢɮɮɚ ɜ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ, ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɭɬɚɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɧɢɡɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɦ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ ɂɁ ɌɈɉɈɅə ɂ Ɉɋɂɇɕ ɉɊɂ Ʌȿɑȿɇɂɂ
ȾȿɊɆȺɌɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɁȺȻɈɅȿȼȺɇɂɃ
ȼ.ȼ. ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɥɶɠɚɧɨɜ, ɋ.Ɇ. Ⱥɞɟɤɟɧɨɜ
ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ɇ. Ʉɨɡɵɛɚɟɜɚ, ɝ. ɉɟɬɪɨɩɚɜɥɨɜɫɤ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɢɧɚ
Populus tremula ɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɶ ɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ Populus balsamifera, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ [1].
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ – ɢɡ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ
ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɂɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ, ɩɨɱɟɤ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ 70 %
ɷɬɚɧɨɥɨɦ, ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɨɬɝɨɧɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ȻȺȼ.
Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɡɟɣ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ 5, 10 %, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ, ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɨɬ ɛɟɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɨ
ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɣ. ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɢɡ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ: ɷɮɢɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɥɢɩɢɞɵ,
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ,
ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ P, ȿ, A, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (ɋɨ, ɋu, Zn, I2).
ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ 35 ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɠɢ.
Ɇɚɡɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ 5, 10 % ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɬɪɢɯɨɮɢɬɢɢ,
ɩɢɨɞɟɪɦɢɢ, ɦɢɤɪɨɫɩɨɪɢɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɤɨɠɢ, ɦɢɤɨɡɚ ɫɬɨɩ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɪɢɛɤɚ. ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɨɞɟɪɦɢɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɤɨɠɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɡɚ ɫɟɦɶ ɞɧɟɣ.
Ɇɚɡɶ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ 5 % ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɩɨɪɢɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɤɨɠɢ, ɦɢɤɨɡɚ
ɫɬɨɩ. Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɥɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ 3-4 ɞɟɧɶ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ 20 % ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ
84
ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɹɝɤɨɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ:
ɥɚɦɢɡɢɥɨɦ, ɬɟɪɛɢɡɢɥɨɦ, ɤɥɨɬɪɢɦɚɡɨɥɨɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɢɡ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɹɪɤɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɠɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
[1] ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., Ⱥɞɟɤɟɧɨɜ ɋ.Ɇ. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ
Populus L. ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ: Ƚɵɥɵɦ, 1999. 160 ɫ.
ɉɊəɆȺə ɄɈɇȼȿɊɋɂə ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ȼ ɀɂȾɄɂȿ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ȼɥɭɞɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.ɇ. ɑɭɥɤɨɜ, ȿ.Ɇ. ɏɨɥɨɞɤɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ.ɇ.Ɏɪɭɦɤɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ c ɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ – ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ
ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɞɨ 400qɋ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 33-41 ɜɟɫ. % ɭɝɥɹ, 15-17 ɜɟɫ.% ɧɟɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ 16-28 ɜɟɫ. %
ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɣ (ɜɵɯɨɞ 20-36 ɜɟɫ.%). ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɧɵ, ɟɥɢ,
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ, ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, ɨɥɶɯɢ, ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 25 ɤɝ/(ɤȼɬ˜ɱ)
(ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɰɟɩɧɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ) ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 55-65 ɜɟɫ.%.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɪɚɧɵ ɢ
ɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɭɪɚɧɚ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ 2ɮɭɪɚɧɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ (ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ), ɮɭɪɚɧɦɟɬɚɧɨɥ ɢ 5-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2-ɮɭɪɚɧɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɟ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ 3-ɮɭɪɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɟ ɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ 2ɮɭɪɚɧɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɝɜɚɹɤɨɥ ɢ ɤɪɟɨɡɨɥ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɟ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 60 ɦɚɫ.%. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɩɧɨɟ
ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ - ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɚɥɤɚɧɵ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɟɬɪɚɝɢɞɪɨɮɭɪɚɧɚ, ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ.
85
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɀɂȾɄɂɏ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɉɂɊɈɅɂɁȺ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.ɇ. ɉɢɹɥɤɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɢɡɤɨɫɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɟɟ
ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨ 18% (ɦɚɫɫ.) ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ, 50%
ɫɦɨɥɵ, 12% ɜɨɞɵ ɢ 20% ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɠɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ 30-36 ɆȾɠ/ɤɝ.
ɀɢɞɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 50%. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɦɨɥ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ 40-60-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɩɪɨɮ.
Ⱦ.ȼ.Ɍɢɳɟɧɤɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɨ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɦɨɥ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɲɶ
ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ. ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɧɢɡɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɪɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɟɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɪɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ. ɂɡ
ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɪɟɡɨɥɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɫɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɦɨɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɭɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ 180-2100ɋ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɞɚɟɬ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞ, ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ 2,4ɞɢɯɥɨɪɮɟɧɨɤɫɢɭɤɫɭɫɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ.
Ʌɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɵ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɤ
ɛɟɬɨɧɚɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɠɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɞɚɫɬ ɧɨɜɵɣ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦ.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɆȺɋɋ-ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈȼ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɎɌɈɊȺɅɄɂɅɈȼɕɏ ɗɎɂɊɈȼ
ɋɆɈɅəɇɕɏ ɄɂɋɅɈɌ
Ʌ.Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ1, ɋ.ȼ. ȼɟɪɲɢɥɨɜ2
1 - ɋɉɛȽɌɍɊɉ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɊɎ
2 - ɎȽɍɉ ɇɂɂɋɄ ɢɦ.Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ, ɋɉɛ, ɊɎ
[email protected]
Ɇɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ.
Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ86
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɯ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɩɟɧɬɚɮɬɨɪɛɟɧɡɢɥɨɜɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ.
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ 2,2,2-ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɷɬɚɧɨɥɨɦ, 2,3,3-ɬɟɬɪɚɮɬɨɪɩɪɨɩɚɧ-1-ɨɥɨɦ ɢ ɫ 2,3,3,4,5,6ɩɟɧɬɚɮɬɨɪɛɟɧɡɢɥɛɪɨɦɢɞɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɢɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɨɫɤɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ.
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɬɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
Ɇɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɟ HewlettPackard GC HP 5890 Ser.2 - MSD HP 5972. ɏɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɇɊ-5 30 ɦ × 0,25
ɦɦ × 0,25 ɦɤɦ (ɞɥɢɧɚ × ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ × ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ). ɉɪɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɥɢ ɜ
ɚɰɟɬɨɧɟ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ~ 3 %. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɧɠɟɤɬɨɪɚ
250°ɋ; ɜɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɛɵ 0.2 ɦɤɥ ɫ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ; ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ 0.635
ɦɥ/ɦɢɧ; ɩɨɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɢɡ ɢɧɠɟɤɬɨɪɚ (splir flow) 30 ɦɥ/ɦɢɧ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ: 70°ɋ (3 ɦɢɧ) - 30ɋ/ɦɢɧ - 210°ɋ (1 ɦɢɧ) - 2ɋ/ɦɢɧ - 290°ɋ (15 ɦɢɧ).
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ: ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɭɞɚɪɨɦ, 70 ɷȼ; ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ
ɦɚɫɫɚɦ ɨɬ 35 ɞɨ 700 Ⱦɚ; ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ 3 ɦɢɧ.
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɎɍɇȽɂɐɂȾɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ
ɗɌȿɊɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ɉɈɅɂɎɌɈɊȺɅɄɂɅɈȼɕɏ ɋɉɂɊɌɈȼ ɂ
ɉȿɇɌȺɎɌɈɊɎȿɇɈɅȺ ɋɆɈɅəɇɕɆɂ ɄɂɋɅɈɌȺɆɂ
Ʌ.Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ1, Ƚ.Ƚ. ɇɹɧɢɤɨɜɚ2, Ɉ.ɉ. ɒɚɛɪɢɧɚ2, ɂ.ɇ. Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨɜ1
1 - ɋɉɛȽɌɍɊɉ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɊɎ
2 - ɋɉɛȽɌɂ(Ɍɍ), ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɊɎ
[email protected]
ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɨɣ,
ɮɢɬɨɧɰɢɞɧɨɣ, ɪɟɩɟɥɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ, ɢɧɫɟɤɬɢɰɢɞɧɨɣ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɬɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ
ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ
ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ (ȺɄ) ɢ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ (ȾɟȺɄ) ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɮɬɨɪɚɥɤɢɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɚɦɢ
ɢ ɩɟɧɬɚɮɬɨɪɮɟɧɨɥɨɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ.
ɋɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɮɬɨɪɚɥɤɢɥ(ɚɪɢɥ)ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ
ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚɛɢɟɬɨɭɤɫɭɫɧɵɦ
ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ ɢ ɫ ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ 2,2,2-ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɷɬɚɧɨɥ, 2,2,3,3-ɬɟɬɪɚɮɬɨɪɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥ-1,
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-ɨɤɬɚɮɬɨɪɩɟɧɬɚɧɨɥ-1,
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-ɞɨɞɟɤɚɮɬɨɪɝɟɩɬɚɧɨɥ-1,
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-ɝɟɤɫɚɞɟɤɚɮɬɨɪɧɨɧɚɧɨɥɚ-1 ɢ ɩɟɧɬɚɮɬɨɪɮɟɧɨɥ.
Ȼɢɨɰɢɞɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɥɭɧɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 10 ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɨɜ: Alternaria alternata,
Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus nigricans, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium
funiculosum, Penicillium ochro-chloron, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɛɢɨɰɢɞɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Alternaria alternata,
Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillium ochro-chloron ɢ Aspergillus terreus.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ Rhizopus nigricans, ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɰɢɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (ɆȻɐɄ) ɞɥɹ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɩɟɧɬɚɮɬɨɪɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɫ
ȾɟȺɄ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 0,01% ɢ ɫ ȺɄ – 0,05%. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ
87
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ.
ȽɅɍȻɈɄȺə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɋɄɂɉɂȾȺɊȺ: ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɕɃ ɈɉɕɌ
ȼɇȿȾɊȿɇɂə
Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɋɚɞɛɢɥɶ
Ȼɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɨɥɞɢɧɝ "Ɉɪɝɯɢɦ", ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɨɣ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ
ɨɤɨɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ. ȼɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɤɢɩɢɞɚɪ
(ɫɦɟɫɶ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɋ10ɇ16) – ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ
ɪɵɧɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɪɨɫɨɦ.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɢɩɢɞɚɪ ɞɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɤ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɤɢɩɢɞɚɪɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɜ ɝ. Ʌɟɫɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɟ
(Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ) – ɧɵɧɟ ɁȺɈ «ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ», ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɚ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɁȺɈ «ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ» ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2500 ɬɵɫ.ɬ./ɝɨɞ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɤɢɩɢɞɚɪɚ:
– ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ (ɫɦɟɫɶ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ) ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɨɬ Ɇɋ-50 ɞɨ Ɇɋ-98, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɦɦɵ
ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ. ɋɨɫɧɨɜɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ Ɇɋ-60 ɢ Ɇɋ-70 ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ-ɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ (ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɞ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.); Ɇɋ-80 – ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɞɟɡɢɧɮɟɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɤɨɜ, ɦɨɸɳɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ, ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɫɤɚɯ; Ɇɋ-95 ɢ Ɇɋ-98 – ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɨɥɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɭɲɢɫɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ;
– ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɩ-ɦɟɧɬɚɞɢɟɧɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ
ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɝɢɞɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ;
– ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɦɨɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɬɭɦɨɜ, ɚɞɝɟɡɢɜɨɜ, ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɤɥɟɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɯ ɜ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɣ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɪɟɡɢɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɞɪ.
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
88
ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɆȿɋȿɃ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɆȺɋȿɅ ɇȺ
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɆ ȺɅɘɆɈɋɂɅɂɄȺɌɇɈɆ ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌȿ
ɉ.Ȼ. Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɋ.ȼ. ɋɢɬɚɧɨɜ, Ɇ.ɉ. Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɨɜɚ
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɡ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ (Ɇɋ) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦɚ ɢ ɝɥɢɧɨɡɟɦɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ 10–20 ɦɤɦ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ. Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɭɲɤɨɣ ɩɪɢ 110˚ɋ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɥɶɧɹɧɨɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ, ɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɢ
ɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɰɢɤɥ ɪɚɮɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ.
Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɜɵɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ (ɤ.ɱ. = 0,36 ɦɝ ɄɈɇ/ɝ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɞɨ 0,7 ɦɚɫ.% ɜɨɫɤɨɜ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ
5 ɱ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɦ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɨ 0,3 ɦɚɫ. %. ȼ
ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɇɋ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭɠɟ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 4 ɱ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ «ɦɚɫɥɨ–
ɜɨɫɤ–ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ»: ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 14 ɪɚɡ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
1. Ɇɋ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɦ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ȻɆ-500 (OOO «ȻɆ», ɝ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ Ɇɋ ɜ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɨ 12˚ɋ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ «ɦɚɫɥɨ–ɜɨɫɤ» ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɫɤɨɜ, ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɜɨɫɤɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɟ.
2. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɨɬ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɤ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ
(ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ) ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɚɯ.
3. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɚɯ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ Ɇɋ ɢ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɥɢ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɟɧɨɜ, ɨ ɱɟɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ.
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɂɁ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə
ɌɈɉɂɇȺɆȻɍɊ, ɉɊɂȽɈȾɇɈȽɈ ȾɅə ȾȺɅɖɇȿɃɒɂɏ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɈɄ
Ƚ. Ɋɚɯɦɚɧɛɟɪɞɢɟɜ, ɋ.Ɇ. Ɍɭɪɨɛɠɨɧɨɜ, Ɉ.ɒ. Ʉɚɞɢɪɨɜ
Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
[email protected]
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ (38-43%). Ɍɨɝɞɚ
ɤɚɤ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɜ 2,5-3 ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɍɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ (ɢɡ ɹɝɨɞ) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ
ɝɥɸɤɨɡɧɨ-ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɧɵɣ ɫɢɪɨɩ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɛɟɬɢɤɨ ɜ [1]. ȼ ɬɜɺɪɞɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɟ
ɜɟɝɢɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ ɜ ɫɬɟɛɥɹɯ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɧɨ-ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɪɨɩɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ, ɞɨɥɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
89
ɛɨɥɟɟ 60% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ,
«Ɍɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ,
ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ [2].
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɢ
ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɛɥɢ “Ɍɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ” ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ NaOH ɜ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. [3].
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ NaOH ɜ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ʋ NaOH
ɌɟɦIJ
ȼɵɯɨɞ ȼɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ Ɂɨɥɧɨɫɬɶ,
Į- ɰɟɥɋɉ
ɝ/ɥ
ɪɚ 0ɋ ɱɚɫ
%
%
%
ɥɸɥɨɡɚ,
%
15
2
170
10
1.
2.
15
170
2
20,5
3,0
0,90
87,0
1200
3.
20
170
2
42,1
3,0
0,87
90,1
1299
4.
25
170
2
36,9
3,2
0,81
89,2
1161,2
5.
30
170
2
32,2
3,4
0,79
87,2
1097
ɂɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ 1 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɤɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ NaOH ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ 20ɝ/ɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 1700 ɋ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 2 ɱɚɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ 42%, ɫ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ 3,0%, ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 0,87%, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ D-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ 90,1%, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ 1299.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɚɪɤɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɫɬɟɛɥɢ Ɍɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ 20 ɝ/ɥ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 2 ɱɚɫɚ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ʋ
IJ ɱɚɫ
ɝ/ɥ
Ɍɟɦ-ɪɚ
0
ɋ
1.
20
150
2.
20
3.
ȼɵɯɨɞ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
ɋɉ
Ɂɨɥɶ
%
ȼɥɚɠɧɨɫ
ɬɶ, %
Į- ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ,
%
2
25,0
-
-
-
-
160
2
30,0
3,2
0,90
90,0
1320
20
170
2
42,1
3,0
0,87
90,1
1299
4.
20
180
2
38,9
3,0
0,82
89,6
1186
5.
20
190
2
32,4
3,1
0,79
87,3
998
NaOH
0
ɂɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 2 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 160 ɋ ɧɟɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ
ɪɚɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɵɪɶɺ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ
ɉɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ 1700ɋ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ, ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 42%,
ɜɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ 3,0%, ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 0,87%, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Į-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ 90% ɢ ɋɉ-1299.
ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɡɚɦɟɧɬɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɲɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 1700ɋ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ NaOH 20ɝ/ɥ ɜ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ. Ȼɵɥɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.
90
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3
ʋ NaOH Ɍɟɦ-ɪɚ
IJ
ȼɵɯɨɞ ȼɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ Ɂɨɥɶ
Į- ɰɟɥɋɉ
0
ɋ
ɱɚɫ
,
%
ɥɸɥɨɡɚ
ɝ/ɥ
%
1.
20
170
1,0
-
-
-
-
-
2.
20
170
1,5
-
-
-
-
-
3.
20
170
2,0
42,1
3,0
0,87
90,1
1299
4.
20
170
2,5
39,6
3,0
0,84
89,6
1176
5.
20
170
3,0
36,8
3,5
0,81
88,9
1098
ɂɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 3 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɪɤɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 1 ɢ 1,5 ɱɚɫɨɜ (t=1700ɋ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ NaOH 20ɝ/ɥ) ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɡɚ ɷɬɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɳɢɩɥɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɬɫɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ
ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɉɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 2 ɱɚɫɚɜ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɪɚɫɫɵɩɚɸɬɫɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 42%. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ D-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 90,1%,
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɜɧɨ 1299.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ 20ɝ/ɥ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1700ɋ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɚɪɤɢ 2 ɱɚɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɦɟɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ; ɜɵɯɨɞ-42.1 Į-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ-90.1%, ɋɉ-1299,
ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ-0.87, ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ-3,0%.
ɉɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɧɟɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɋɉ,
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ D-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɪɟɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ
ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ. ɏɨɬɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɱɢɬɢɜɚɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɤɚɡɨɧɧɨɟ, ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɦ ɜɚɪɤɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ 2ɱɚɫɚ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɚɪɤɢ:
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ NaOH – 20ɝ/ɥ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ – 1700ɋ
ȼɪɟɦɹ – 2 ɱɚɫɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 42,1%, ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ 3,0, ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
0,87%, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ D-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ 90,1% ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ 1299.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ Ɍɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ
ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ.
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈ-ɆȿɏȺɇɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɋɌɈɆȺɌɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ɎɂɌɈɄȺɊȺɇȾȺɒȿɃ
Ɍ.ȼ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɤɨ, ɘ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɢɧɨɜ, ȼ.Ƚ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɤɨ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɥɟɝɱɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɟ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ (ɆɅɎ) ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
91
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɨɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɬɨɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɦɚɫɥɚ ɤɚɤɚɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ:
- ɱɬɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɤɚɤɚɨ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɬɨɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɬɨɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ.
- ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ (ɆɅɎ) ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɧɶɸɬɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (20–30°ɋ). Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ 30°ɋ ɢ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ D = 0.5 ɫ-1 ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ Ș (ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ~ 275 ɉɚ·ɫ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ~ 20–80 ɉɚ·ɫ) ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ IJ (ɨɫɧɨɜɚ
~ 140 ɉɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ~ 20–80 ɉɚ), ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɧɝɚɦɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜ;
- ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ 37°ɋ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ (Ș = 1–2 ɉɚ·ɫ) ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ
ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
Ʉɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɥɟɝɤɨɟ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ;
- ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɜɹɡɤɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɨɫɢɬ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. Ɋɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ-ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɸ.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɀɂɊɈɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɕɏ ȼɂɌȺɆɂɇɈȼ ɅɂɋɌɖȿȼ
ɌɈɉɂɇȺɆȻɍɊȺ, ȼɕɊȺɓȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɇȺ ɉɈɑȼȺɏ ɋ ɉɈȼɕɒȿɇɇɕɆ
ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿɆ ɋȼɂɇɐȺ
ȿ.Ɏ. Ɋɨɯɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɨɯɢɧ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɍɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪ – ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɤɥɭɛɧɟɧɨɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ,
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. ɗɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ, ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ, ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ.
Ɍɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɭɸ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɨɝɚɬɭɸ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɬɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (ɉȾɄ ɩɨ ɫɜɢɧɰɭ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧ ɜ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɪɚɡ) ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɉȾɄ. Ɉɬɛɨɪ
ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɢɸɧɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ Ⱥ ɢ ȿ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ȼɗɀɏ, Ɍɋɏ
ɢ ɉɌɋɏ, ɤɨɥɨɧɨɱɧɚɹ) ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ (əɆɊ, ɂɄɋ) ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ. ɇɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɫɚɧɬɨɮɢɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ Ⱥ ɢ ȿ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ɜ
1,5 – 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ȿ (ɨɬ
92
250 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɞɨ 435 ɦɝ/ɤɝ), ɚ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜ
ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 360 ɦɝ/ɤɝ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ȼɗɀɏ ɢ ɉɌɋɏ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɪɟɬɢɧɨɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ, ɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ D-ɬɨɤɨɮɟɪɨɥɚ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ
ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɯ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɪɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɮɨɪɦ, ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ 17ȺɅɖɎȺ-ȽɂȾɊɈɉȿɊɈɄɋɂ-16ȺɅɖɎȺ-ɆȿɌɂɅɉɊȿȽɇȺɇɈȼ ɂɁ
ȾȿɅɖɌȺ16-20-ɄȿɌɈɉɊȿȾɒȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɄɈȼ ɂ ȼɈɋɋɌȺɇɈȼɅȿɇɂȿ ɂɏ ȼ
17ȺɅɖɎȺ-ȽɂȾɊɈɄɋɂȺɇȺɅɈȽɂ
Ɍ.ɋ. ɋɚɜɢɧɨɜɚ1, H. Luu Duc2, ɂ.ɉ. Ȼɟɥɟɰɤɚɹ1, ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɭɤɚɲɺɜ1
1 - ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, ɆȽɍ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ
2 - Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
[email protected]
Ⱦɟɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɟɝɧɟɧɨɥɨɧɚ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ (1ɚ, DPA) ɢ ɩɪɟɝɧɟɧɨɥɨɧɚ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ (1b, PA) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɪɹɞɚ
ɩɪɟɝɧɚɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɝɧɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ¨16-20ɤɟɬɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ. DPA ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɨɫɝɟɧɢɧɚ – ¨5-ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɚɩɨɝɟɧɢɧɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɢɳɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Dioscoreaceae R.B. PA
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɬɢɝɨɝɟɧɢɧɚ – ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɚ 5D-ɪɹɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ Jucca gloriosa. Ɇɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɦ ɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ 3E-ɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢ-17D-ɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢ16D-ɦɟɬɢɥɩɪɟɝɧɚɧɨɜ (3) ɢɡ 3E-ɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢ-¨16-20-ɤɟɬɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (1) ¨5- ɢ 5D- ɪɹɞɨɜ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɚɭɬɨɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɪɨɦɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ¨17(20)-20-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ (2).
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ (2) ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ Cu+-ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ 1,4-ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚɝɧɢɣɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 1ɫ ɢ 1d ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ DPA ɢ ɊȺ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ 1,4-ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɚɭɬɨɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ DPA. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ (3) ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 85- 90%.
R3
1
O2
2
OH
OOH
CH3
CH3
CH3
R1 R
2
O
O
OMgBr
CH3MgBr
H3COCO
R3
R3
R3
O
3
4
1a - R1 ɢ R2 ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, R3 = H
1b - R1 = R2 = R3= H
1c - R1 ɢ R2 ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, R3 = OAc
1d - R1 = R2 = H, R3 = OAc
17D-Ƚɢɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢ-16D-ɦɟɬɢɥɩɪɟɝɧɚɧɵ (3) ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɜ 17D-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ (4),
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ 17D-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-16D-ɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɚɡɨɧɚ,
ɦɨɦɟɬɚɡɨɧɚ, ɮɥɭɬɢɤɚɡɨɧɚ, ɮɥɭɦɟɬɚɡɨɧɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).
93
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɏɅɈɉɑȺɌɇɂɄȺ GOSSYPIUM ȼ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿ
CɕɊɖə ȾɅə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ
Ʉ.Ⱥ. ɋɚɪɬɨɜɚ1, Ƚ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɦɛɚɪɨɜɚ2, ɒ.ɋ. ɋɚɪɵɦɫɚɤɨɜ2
1 - Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɨ-Ɍɭɪɟɰɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ "Ɇɚɧɚɫ",ɝ. Ȼɢɲɤɟɤ,Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɇȺɇ ɄɊ, ɝ.Ȼɢɲɤɟɤ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
[email protected]
ȼ Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɬɚɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɝɚɬɟɣɲɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ – ɫɬɟɛɥɢ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ, ɬɚɛɚɤɚ, ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ, ɫɨɥɨɦɚ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɜ %
ȼɢɞɵ
Wa
Ad
Vdaf
Bdaf
Cdaf
Hdaf Q ɤɤɚɥ/ɤɝ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ
10,06
4,66
79,51
3,64
52,26
6,82
5416,39
ɋɬɟɛɥɢ
7,22
2,82
79,32
4,11
52,19
6,71
5176,61
Ʉɨɪɨɛɨɱɤɚ
10,36
7,92
75,15
5,25
54,83
6,31
5324,91
ɂɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɞɭɛɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɶ
ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (53,68) ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (24,83) ɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɬɜɨɥɚɯ ɢ ɜɟɬɤɚɯ ɞɭɛɚ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨ 11%
ɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ.
Ȼɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɦɭ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ 1%-ɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ NɚɈɇ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨ 53%, ɷɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɧɨɟ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 500ɨɋ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ 10ɨɋ/ɦɢɧ. ȼɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ, % ɧɚ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ: ɨɛɳɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ -31,4, ɫɬɟɛɥɢ- 33,3,
ɤɨɪɨɛɨɱɤɚ-30,2 ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɞɨ 88%, ɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 2% ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɚɦɢ. ɇɚɫɵɩɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɨɜ
ɪɚɜɧɚ 0,442 ɝ/ɫɦ3, ɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɪ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ- 1,028 ɝ/ɫɦ3.
ɋɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ Ⱥɍ ɩɨ ɣɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɭ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ- 58,15% ɢ
ɤɨɪɨɛɨɱɤɢ- 72,12%, ɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ- 50 ɦɝ.ɝ-1.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɂɁɈɆȿɊɂɁȺɐɂə ȺɅɖɎȺ-ɉɂɇȿɇȺ ɇȺ ȺɄɌɂȼɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɆ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɈɆ
ȺɅɘɆɈɋɂɅɂɄȺɌȿ
Ⱥ.ɘ. ɋɢɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ, Ƚ.Ɇ. ɋɟɧɶɤɨɜ, ȼ.ȿ. Ⱥɝɚɛɟɤɨɜ
ɂɏɇɆ ɇȺɇ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ Į-ɩɢɧɟɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ
ɤɚɦɮɟɧɚ ɢ ɞɢɩɟɧɬɟɧɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨɣ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ
94
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ – ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɨɥɢɬɵ, ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɟ ɢ
ɬɢɬɚɧɨɜɵɣ [1]. Ɉ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [2]. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ
ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ Į-ɩɢɧɟɧɚ (~92%) ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ (ɤɚɦɮɟɧ).
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ, ɧɚɬɪɢɣ, ɤɚɥɢɣ
ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɱɬɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɜɡɹɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɚ(Al-Si) ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
«ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ» Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ(ɊȻ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ (ɦɚɫɫ.%): Al2O3 -19,5; SiO2-54,5; FeO9,8;. CaO-6,3; K2O-5,3; MgO-2,6; TiO2-1,2 ɢ Na2O-0,8. Ⱥɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬ ɛɵɥ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ 10% ɢ
15% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɢ 50ɨɋ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ
ɋɚɈ (ɞɨ 0,5ɦɚɫɫ.%), ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (ɞɨ 5,3ɦɚɫɫ.%) ɢ Mg0
(ɞɨ 1,4ɦɚɫɫ.%).
Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 130ɨɋ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ 3,0 ɦɚɫɫ.%
(ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ) ɢ 1,0 ɦɚɫɫ.% (ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɇ3Ɋ04). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Al-Si
ɊȻ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ Į-ɩɢɧɟɧɚ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɦɨɥɶ/ɦ2, ɱɟɪɟɡ 4 ɱ
ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 2,3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɜɫɟɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ Į-ɩɢɧɟɧɚ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ
ɇ3Ɋ04 ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɚ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɟ, ɚ ɞɢɩɟɧɬɟɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ Į-ɩɢɧɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɭ (~60%) ɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ Al-Si ɊȻ
ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɢɩɟɧɬɟɧɭ(~35%). Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɭ(ɧɚ ~ 5%) ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɢɩɟɧɬɟɧɭ(ɧɚ ~
7%). Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɇ3ɊɈ4 ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ Į-ɩɢɧɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɢɦ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɚɦ (ɤɚɦɮɟɧ ɢ ɞɢɩɟɧɬɟɧ).
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɦɟɧɟ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ⱥɝɚɛɟɤɨɜ ȼ.ȿ., ɋɟɧɶɤɨɜ Ƚ.Ɇ. //Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɡ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. 2007. ʋ4. ɋ.38-43.
2. ɋɟɧɶɤɨɜ Ƚ.Ɇ., ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ɇ., Ⱥɝɚɛɟɤɨɜ ȼ.ȿ.//Ɍɪ.XXI Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧ. ɤɨɧɮ.
«ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ, ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɦɚɥɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ. Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜ ņ 2008».
ɍɮɚ: «Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜ».–2008.–Ɍ.1.–ɋ.58-59.
Ʉ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɍ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɄɈɇɋȿɊȼȺɇɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɈȽɈ
ɋɕɊɖə
Ʌ.Ⱥ. ɋɢɥɶɱɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ƚɨɥɵɧɫɤɚɹ
Ȼɪɹɧɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɝ. Ȼɪɹɧɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɢɳɢ. ɉɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ
25% ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɱɟ, ɱɬɨ,
ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɢɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɨɜ.
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ «ɳɚɞɹɳɢɯ» ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
95
ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɨɦ.
ɋɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɛɢɧɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ, ɩɥɨɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɹɛɢɧɵ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɪɹɛɢɧɵ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ:
- ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ
ɩɥɨɞɚɯ ɪɹɛɢɧɵ;
- ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɚ;
- ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɛɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɥɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ
ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪ.
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɌȿɊɆɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɄɈɇȼȿɊɋɂɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ
ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ȼ ɀɂȾɄɂȿ ɂ ɌȼȿɊȾɕȿ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɋɩɢɰɵɧ, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɑɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɤɢɧɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ. Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ
[email protected]
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɢɡ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ.
ɂɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ:
Ƚɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɞɭɬɶɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ
ɝɚɡɚ, ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɩɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɏɢɲɟɪɚ-Ɍɪɨɩɲɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɨɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ.
Ɍɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɠɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɅɌȺ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɬ. ɤ. ɟɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ. Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɣ. ȼɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ
ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ. Ƚɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɛɚɧɸ ɫɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ ȼɭɞɚ.
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɤɚɩɫɭɥ - 20 ɦɥ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ: ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ - 5 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 330 °ɋ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɢɜ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɨɠɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɩɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ.
ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɌɏɄ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡɚɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ
ɫɵɪɶɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɩɬɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
96
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɤɪɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ 3,4 – ɛɟɧɡ(ɚ)ɩɢɪɟɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɨɦ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɂɄ – Ɏɭɪɶɟ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ Ƚɀɏ – Ɇɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɩɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɢ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
D. C. Elliott. Developments in direct thermochemical liquefaction of biomass: 1983-1990. / D.
C. Elliott, D. Beckman, A. V. Bridgwater, J. P. Diebold, S. B. Gevert, Y. Solantausta // Energy
Fuels 1991. - V 5. - N 3. - pp 399–410.
Kipovskiy A. Ya. Some questions of bio-oil production from wood feedstock. / Kipovskiy A.
Ya., Spitsin A. A., Piyalkin V. N. // Actual problems of biofuel and bioenergy: the international
conference. Spb, 20-22 june 2006 - 2006. - p. 77
ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ ɉɂɊɈɅɂɁȺ ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɇɕɏ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɈɉɂɅɈɄ
Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɪɢɠɚɤɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ɉ. ɋɨɥɧɰɟɜ1, ȼ.ȿ. Ⱥɝɚɛɟɤɨɜ1, ȼ.ɉ. ɋɟɥɶɤɢɧ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɇȺɇ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɦ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɇȺɇ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, Ƚɨɦɟɥɶ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
[email protected]
ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɟ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɧɟɟ /1/ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ, ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɧɟɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ. Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ
ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ 2 ɦɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ J-ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ 0,02 – 8,0 Ɇɝɪ.
ɉɢɪɨɥɢɡ ɧɟɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɞɨ 850qɋ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ 30qɋ/ɦɢɧ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɝɚɡɨ-ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚ, ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ,
ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ, ɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ, ɷɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ, ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ,
ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɦɟɬɢɥɷɬɢɥɤɟɬɨɧɚ, ɚɰɟɬɨɧɚ, ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɰɟɧɧɵɯ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ, ɱɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ.
Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ. ȼ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɟ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ (ɞɨɡɚ 8 Ɇɝɪ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚ 10%,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɭɪɚɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜ 2,5 ɪɚɡɚ, ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɧɚ 20 – 30%., ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 30 – 40% ɦɟɧɶɲɟ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ,
ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɤɫɢɞɚ, ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ 5-10%.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ (ɉɗɆ) ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɇɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ 20 – 100 ɧɦ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɫ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ 20 – 40 ɧɦ.
97
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
/1/ Ⱥɝɚɛɟɤɨɜ ȼ.ȿ., ɉɥɟɫɤɚɱɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɘ.Ɇ., ɋɨɥɧɰɟɜ Ⱥ.ɉ., ɀɚɜɪɢɞ Ⱥ.ɋ., ɋɬɪɢɠɚɤɨɜ Ⱦ.Ⱥ.
Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɬɟɡɢɫɨɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ». – ɦɚɣ 2008 ɝ., ɍɮɚ. – ɋ. 75
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȺ ȼɗɊȼȺ, ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɂɁ ɏȼɈɂ ɉɂɏɌɕ,
ɉɊɂ ȼɕɊȺɓɂȼȺɇɂɂ ɅɖɇȺ-ȾɈɅȽɍɇɐȺ
ɘ.Ⱥ. ɋɭɫɥɨɜ, Ɍ.Ɉ. Ɇɚɥɶɰɟɜɚ, ȿ.ɘ. Ȼɚɯɬɟɧɤɨ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ"
[email protected]
ȼɗɊȼȺ, - ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɢɡ ɯɜɨɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ
Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɥɚɧɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɵɟ
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɨɦ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ȼɗɊȼȺ (Ʉɗ 10ɝ/ɥ) ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɟɜɚɯ ɥɶɧɚ-ɞɨɥɝɭɧɰɚ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ Ⱦɚɲɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ,
ɌɈɋɌ-5, Ʌɢɪɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɟɥɹɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ (2007-2009 ɝɝ.) ɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ (2009 ɝ.) ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɁȺɈ «ɒɟɤɫɧɚ» ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɟɜɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɟɦɹɧ (80 ɦɥ/ɬ) ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɜɟɝɟɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
(200 ɦɥ/ɝɚ) ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ - 200 ɥ/ɝɚ ɜ ɛɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ: ɫ
ɢɧɫɟɤɬɢɰɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ 3-10 ɫɦ - ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ 10-15 ɫɦ - ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ
ɛɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɦɟɫɹɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɬɨɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɜ
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɜɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 25-50% ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɫɨɪɬɚ), ɩɨɥɟɜɭɸ ɜɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɶ (ɧɚ 2-3 %), ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 1-2 ɞɧɹ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɜɫɯɨɞɨɜ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɮɚɡɭ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ
ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ 35,3; 17,6 ɢ 8,6% ɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ
2,03; 1,7 ɢ 2,5 ɫɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ⱦɚɲɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɌɈɋɌ-5, Ʌɢɪɚ. ɏɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɜɵɣ
ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɜɵɪɨɫ ɧɚ 20 – 30% ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ
ɪɨɫɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɜ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɭɤɫɢɧɨɜ
ɢ ɡɟɚɬɢɧɚ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ȼɗɊȼȺ. ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ȼɗɊȼȺ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɟɜɚɯ ɥɶɧɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ʌɢɪɚ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɨ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ (ɰ/ɝɚ) ɥɶɧɨɫɨɥɨɦɵ
ɧɚ 5 (44,0; 39,0 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ: ɨɩɵɬ; ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ); ɥɶɧɨɬɪɟɫɬɵ ɧɚ 4.5 (36,5; 32,0), ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɧɚ 1,4 (11,4; 10), ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɧɚ 2 (6,3; 4,3) ɢ ɥɶɧɨɫɟɦɹɧ ɧɚ 0,7 (3,9; 3,2).
Ʌɶɧɨɬɪɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɥɶɧɨɡɚɜɨɞɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ 3,0 (ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ), ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɧɨɦɟɪ
ɥɶɧɨɬɪɟɫɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 2,5. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɟɥɹɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɧɚ 50 70% ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ȼɗɊȼȺ
ɧɚ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɶɧɚ-ɞɨɥɝɭɧɰɚ.
ɌȺɇɂɇɕ ɄɈɊɕ ɋɈɋɇɕ ɈȻɕɄɇɈȼȿɇɇɈɃ ɂ ȿɅɂ ȿȼɊɈɉȿɃɋɄɈɃ:
ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ
Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɦɦ, Ƚ.ɇ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚ, ɂ.Ɋ. ɋɟɪɞɨɛɢɧɰɟɜɚ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
Ʉɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ. Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ
98
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ
(ɨɥɢɝɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ). ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɤɨɪɵ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ (ɚɤɚɰɢɢ,
ɸɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɢɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɪɟ ɫɨɫɧɵ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ. ɇɚɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ,
ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɢ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ. ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɫ 20 ɞɨ
80 ɥɟɬ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ 25-30 ɞɨ 60%.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ, ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 50 % ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɵ 20-ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɞɨ 20
% ɞɥɹ 80-ɥɟɬɧɟɣ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ 80-ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
NaOH ɜ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ ɨɬ 1 ɞɨ 3 %, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɬ 7 ɞɨ 13 ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ 51 % ɢ 33 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɨɪɵ). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɵ 40-ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɟɥɢ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ - 56 %, ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ - 35 %). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɥɟɣ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ) ɨɤɨɥɨ 60% ɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ. Ɍɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ
ɛɚɤɟɥɢɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɚɤɚ ɞɨ 40% ɧɚ ɬɚɧɢɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɟɲɨɱɧɭɸ ɛɭɦɚɝɭ Ɇ-80, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ.
ȼɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɪɵ 20- ɢ 40-ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɵ 80-ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɧɚ 7-9%, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ
17-19%. ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ (25-30% ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɵ 20ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɢ 28-33% ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɵ 40-ɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɫɨɫɧɵ) ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɚɧɢɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ
ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 70% ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ
ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ.
ȺɄɌɂȼȺɐɂə ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɉɈɅɂɎȿɇɈɅɈȼ - ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȼɂɇɈȽɊȺȾȺ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺɆɂ ɊɈȾɂə
Ⱥ.Ɍ. Ɍɟɥɟɲɟɜ, ȿ.ɇ. Ɇɢɲɢɧɚ, ȼ.ɘ. Ɇɢɲɢɧɚ, Ƚ.Ɂ. Ʉɚɡɢɟɜ, ɗ.ȿ. ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɹɧ, ɜɵɠɢɦɨɤ ɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɝɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɟ, ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɢɯ
ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɫɬɚɦɢ.
ɇɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɹɧ, ɜɵɠɢɦɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɝɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ
99
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ,
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɝɢɞɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɜɢɬɚɬɨɪɚɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɢɡ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɜɵɠɢɦɨɤ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɚɜɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ: ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ 6-15%; ɲɪɨɬ – 76-88 % ɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – 3-6%, ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ
ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɵɫ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɢɯɫɹ ɨɠɨɝɭ IIIɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɚ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ ɪɨɞɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɱɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ: ɞɢɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ ɇɒ-8034.2010.5)
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɉɒȿɇɂɐɕ ɂ ɒɉɂɇȺɌȺ ɋ
ɉɈɆɈɓɖɘ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈɇɈȼ, ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ əɇɌȺɊɇɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ
Ʌ.ɇ. Ɍɨɥɤɚɱɟɜɚ1, ȼ.Ɇ. ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ1, Ɍ.ɂ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ2, ə.Ɇ. ɏɚɥɹɩɢɧɚ2, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɥɹɟɜɚ2
1 - Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɍɜɟɪɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɞɢɚɦɢɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɚɦɢɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɢɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɤɚɤ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɷɬɢɥɟɧɞɢɚɦɢɧɚ ɢ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɨɩɵɬɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɞɢɚɦɢɧɞɢɹɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (ɗȾȾəɄ) ɢ ɢɦɢɧɨɞɢɹɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
(ɂȾəɄ). ɂɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɷɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɭɫɜɨɹɟɦɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɧɚ ɹɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɟ, ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɜ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ (Mg+Zn) – ɂȾəɄ. ɇɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɲɩɢɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɤɚɤ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɜ, ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɢɞɨɜ), ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɫɦɟɫɶ (Mg+Zn) – ɗȾȾəɄ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɞɭɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ
ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɪɚɧɫɚɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ
ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɝɥɭɬɚɦɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɜ. ɇɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ
ɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɟɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɟɦɹɧ (ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ,
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ʋ2.1.1/6867 Ⱥȼɐɉ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ
ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ (2009-2010 ɝɨɞɵ)».
100
ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɄȺɊȻɈ- ɂ ȽȿɌȿɊɈɐɂɄɅɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɅȿȼɈȽɅɘɄɈɁȿɇɈɇȺ ɂ ȿȽɈ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɘ.ȼ. Ɍɨɦɢɥɨɜ, Ɋ.Ɋ. Ɋɚɮɢɤɨɜ, Ɋ.Ⱥ. ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ
ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɜɨɝɥɸɤɨɡɟɧɨɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɹ
6,8-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[3.2.1]ɨɤɬɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶɸ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ 250–300°ɋ. Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 12–15 ɥɟɬ
ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ. Ɋɹɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ 6,8-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[3.2.1]ɨɤɬɚɧɚ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɢɯ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɛɨ- ɢ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɜɨɝɥɸɤɨɡɟɧɨɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɢɚɡɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɡɚɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɯ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɡɨɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɚ,
ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ N-ɧɢɬɪɨɡɨ-N-ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɵ.
ɒɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɥɟɜɨɝɥɸɤɨɡɟɧɨɧɚ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 7,9-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɬɪɢɰɢɤɥɨ[4.2.1.02,4]ɧɨɧɚɧ-5ɨɥɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ
ɞɢɚɡɨɦɟɬɚɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ Pd. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɬɨɧɨɜ ɧɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɫɩɢɪɨɫɨɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɛɭɬɚɧɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ,
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɢɪɚɡɨɥɢɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
NaBH4
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
CH2N2
OH
O
[Pd]
H
MnO2
OH
O
O
H
N2
O
O
O
O
H
O
+
H
H
N2
O
O
OH
KMnO4
LiI
O
O
KMnO4
H+
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
', ox.
O
O
O
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ (ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ʋ 02.740.11.0258) ɢ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɊȺɇ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «Ȼɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ».
101
ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂȿ ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɆȺɄɊɈɆɈɅȿɄɍɅəɊɇɕɏ
ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ȺɅɄɂɅɎȿɇɈɅɈȼ ɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ
ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ
Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɪɥɨɩɨɜ1, ȿ.ȼ. Ȼɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ1, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɦɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ1, ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɪɨɡɞ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ƚɟɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɐɟɧɬɪ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ (Ʌɋ). ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ-ɞɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ:
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʌɋ,
ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ Ʌɋ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɢ ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ), ɫ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ (ɌɎ) ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɬɢɬɪɨɦɛɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɯ ɢ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ Ʌɋ.
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧɚ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ (ɪɢɫ.) ɢ ɧɟɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨ- ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ
ɌɎ.
OH
O
HO
CH 2 OR
O
H 2N
HO
O
OH
NH 2
O
CH 2 OR
O
+
HO
H
O
CH 2 OR
O
N
HO
O
H2N
O
CH 2 OR
R = SO3Na, C2H4O(C2H4O)nC2H4OH, CH2COOH
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɌɎ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɌɎ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦɭ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɸ.
ȼ ɫɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ Ƚɇɐ ɊȺɆɇ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɫɜɺɪɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ (ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ ʋ21 «Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɧɚɭɤɢ - ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ»).
ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈɄȼȿɊɐȿɌɂɇ ȼ ɊȿȺɄɐɂɂ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɋ ɐɂɇɄɈɆ
(II) ɂ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə ɆȿɌȺɅɅɈɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ
ɇ.ɇ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɬɪɨɭɯɨɜɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɛɤɢɧ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ.Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɰɢɧɤ (II) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɷɫɫɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɦ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɰɢɧɤ-ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ
ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ, ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ, ɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. Ⱥɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
102
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɧɤɚ – 5-20 ɦɝ/ɫɭɬɤɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɫɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɩɨɱɤɚɦɢ - 4-9 ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɫɭɬɤɢ.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ
ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɦ ɰɢɧɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɧɤɨɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɫɚɦɢ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɡɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɣ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (ȾɄȼ) ɫ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦɢ ɫɨɥɹɦɢ ɰɢɧɤɚ (ɯɥɨɪɢɞ, ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɢ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ)
ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɂɄ-, ɍɎ-, əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨ-ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ,
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨ-ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ, ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ: ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:2 ɦɨɥɶ (ȾɄȼ:Zn2+) ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɛɚɧɢ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɱɚɫɚ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɬɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɢ, ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɫɭɲɢɥɢ ɞɨ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢ 105ɨ ɋ ɜ ɫɭɲɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɲɤɚɮɭ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɨɬ 60
ɞɨ 80 % ɨɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȾɄȼ
ɫ ɰɢɧɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ, ɤɚɤ ɤ ɦɨɧɨ- ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɛɢɥɢɝɚɧɞɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɚɬɨɦɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ
ɞɟɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ȾɄȼ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨ 7- ɢɥɢ 3ǯ-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɟɥɚɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ȾɄȼ ɫ ɫɨɥɹɦɢ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ.
ɎɂɁɂɄɈ-ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɉɈ ɋɊȺȼɇȿɇɂɘ ɋ ɏɅɈɉɄɈȼɈɃ
ȼ.Ɏ. ɍɪɶɹɲ, ɇ.ɘ. Ʉɨɤɭɪɢɧɚ, ȼ.ɇ. Ʌɚɪɢɧɚ, ɇ.ȼ. ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɨɜɚ
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɂ. Ʌɨɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ȾɌȺ) ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɚ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ (Cqp ) ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 80-320 Ʉ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ (ǻɫɇɨ) ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ǻfɇɨ), ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɟɥɚɤɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ
«Ɍɚɣɪɰɟɥɥ» (98% Į -ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ) ɫ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ 0 (I), 0.4 (II) ɢ 0.65 (III), ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ (ɆɄɐ). Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ
ɫɭɲɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ 390 Ʉ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɟ 0.6 ɉɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɆɄɐ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 80-280 Ʉ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ
ɤɪɢɜɨɣ Cqp =f(T) ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɚ 284 Ʉ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɨɛɟɡɜɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɆɄɐ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɪɢ
ɪɟɥɚɤɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 291 Ʉ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɲɟɦɭɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ Cqp =f(T). ȿɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ Jɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɩɪɢ 343 Ʉ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ Eɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ, ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
403.5 Ʉ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɫɫɬɟɤɥɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɆɄɐ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ǻɫɇɨ ɢ ǻfɇɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬ.ɤ. ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
103
ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ. ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɟɟ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɢ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɞ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ 273 Ʉ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɆɄɐ (15.2r0.1 ɦɚɫ.% ɇ2Ɉ).
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɢ
ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɟ ȾȺɄ-1-1 ɩɪɢ 303 Ʉ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɆɄɐ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ (ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ 1:40).
ȺɅɖɌȿɊɇȺɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɉɍɌɂ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɉɂɏɌɕ
ɋɂȻɂɊɋɄɈɃ ȼ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂəɏ
ȼ.Ɇ. ɍɲɚɧɨɜɚ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ (ȾɁ) ɢ ɤɨɪɚ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ, ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 1170 ɢ 129,7 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ȾɁ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ
ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ: ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ, ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ȻȺȼ; ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɩɚɫɬɵ, ɫɨɥɹɧɨ-ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ
ɛɪɢɤɟɬɨɜ, ɦɚɥɶɬɨɥɚ, ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ, ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɤɟɬɨɜ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɵ,
ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȾɁ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɢ
ɛɢɨɝɭɦɭɫɨɜ. Ɉɩɵɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɲɬɚɦɦɚ ɆȽ 97/6 Trichoderma asperellum ɧɚ ɤɨɪɟ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɟ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɋɈ2ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɟɜɚɯ Picea obovata L. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ȾɁ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɬɪɚɜɵ, ɫɟɦɟɧɚ),
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɱɟɥɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɩɪɨɩɨɥɢɫ ɢ ɜɨɫɤ) ɢ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ (ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɝɭɛɤɚ) ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ (ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ, ɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɯ).
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ, ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɯ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ȾɁ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɢɯɬɵ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɢɯɬɵ
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ȻȺȼ).
104
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɍȽɅȿɄɂɋɅɈɌɇɕɏ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɈȼ ɂɁ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ
ɋɕɊɖə ɂ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɉɑȿɅɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ ȾɅə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɇɈȼɕɏ
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ
ȼ.Ɇ. ɍɲɚɧɨɜɚ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɵ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɞɟɲɟɜɵɦ, ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɚ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɨɪɤɚɧɢɸ ɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 4-5 ɥɟɬ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɹɝɤɨɦɭ ɢ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
ɋɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ: ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ ɢ ɤɨɪɚ
ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ (Abies sibirica L.), ɱɟɪɟɦɲɚ (Allium victorialis L.) - ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ
ɩɢɯɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɱɟɥɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɜɨɫɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɥɢɫ). ɍɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Allium victorialis,
ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɞɚɥɟɧ ɫɨɤ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɢɫɬɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ
ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɦɲɢ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
(ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɵ, ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧ, ɷɮɢɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ, ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ).
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɢ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɞɭɲɢɫɬɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɚɥɶɬɨɥ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɱɟɪɟɦɲɢ, ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɢɯɬɵ
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɱɟɥɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɥɟɩɢɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɵ.
ɇɂɁɄɈɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊɇɕɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɇɈ-ɓȿɅɈɑɇɈɃ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁ ɋɈɅɈɆɕ
ɈȼɋȺ
ȿ.ɋ. Ɏɨɦɢɧɚ, ɋ.ɇ. ȿɜɫɬɚɮɶɟɜ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɚɦɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɦɢ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɟɟ ɫ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚɦɢ ɢ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɯɟɦ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɨɜɫɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ (ɞɨ 100 ɨɋ) ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ HCl ɢ NaOH.
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ (% ɧɚ ɚ.ɫ.ɦ.): ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ 42,8; ɥɢɝɧɢɧ 15,5; ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɵ 21,5;
ɥɟɝɤɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ 18,2; ɬɪɭɞɧɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ 46,7; ɡɨɥɚ
7,9. Ɉɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɬɨɥɭɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɢ
ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
105
ɉɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ 7,8 % ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɬɨɥɭɨɥɶɧɨɣ (1:2)
ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɢ 10,4% ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɨ ɞɨ 22% ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɨɜ ɢ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 75% ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɨɛɟɫɫɦɨɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ 1,5%-ɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ HCl ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɚɧɨɜ ɢ, ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ȼ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 44 ɤȽɰ ɩɪɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ɇɚɥɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɫɦɨɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ (89,5%) ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɨɛɟɫɫɦɨɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ 1,5%-ɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ HCl (100 ɨɋ, 6
ɱ) ɢ 4%-ɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ NaOH (100 ɨɋ, 8 ɱ). Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɜ % ɧɚ ɚ.ɫ.ɦ.): ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ 91,2; ɥɢɝɧɢɧ 5,3; ɡɨɥɚ 1,6. ȼɵɯɨɞ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ 30,7% ɧɚ ɚ.ɫ.ɦ. ɫɨɥɨɦɵ.
ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɐȺ ɋɂȻɂɊɋɄȺə ɄȺɄ ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄ
ȼɕɋɈɄɈɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɈȼ
ȼ.Ɋ. ɏɚɣɪɭɥɥɢɧɚ1, Ⱥ.ə. Ƚɟɪɱɢɤɨɜ1, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɛɤɢɧ2
1 - Ȼɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ Ɋ Ⱥɇ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɹɞɚ
ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɥɨɜ (ɦɢɪɢɰɟɬɢɧɚ, ɮɢɡɟɬɢɧɚ, ɦɨɪɢɧɚ, ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ), ɮɥɚɜɚɧɨɧɨɜ (ɧɚɪɢɧɝɟɧɢɧɚ,
ɧɚɪɢɧɝɢɧɚ, ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ) ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣ, ɮɟɪɭɥɨɜɨɣ,
ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ, ɩɚɪɚ-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɨɣ), ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ.
Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ (ȺɈȺ) ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɚɧ-2-ɨɥɚ
ɢ 1,4-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɚ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɚ
ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ fkIn.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɮɟɧɨɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɞɜɟ Ɉɇɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɬɨ-ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ
ɨɪɬɨ-ɤɚɬɟɯɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ȺɈȺ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ Ɉɇ-ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ 5 ɢ 7 ɜ ɯɪɨɦɚɧɨɜɨɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɟ.
ȼ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɟɪɭɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ 10-40%
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ȼɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɢɥɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɢ
ɮɟɪɭɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɮɟɣɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. ȼ ɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɬɨ
ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɟɧɨɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɩɪɢ
106
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɤ ɩɢɳɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ȺɇɌɂɊȺȾɂɄȺɅɖɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɏɊɈɆȺɇȺ ɂ
ȻȿɌɍɅɂɇɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ
ȼ.Ɋ. ɏɚɣɪɭɥɥɢɧɚ1, Ⱥ.ə. Ƚɟɪɱɢɤɨɜ1, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɋɚɮɚɪɨɜɚ1, ȿ.ɇ. Ɉɪɟɯɨɜɚ1, Ɋ.Ɋ. Ɇɭɮɚɡɡɚɥɨɜɚ2,
ɗ.Ɋ. ɒɚɤɭɪɨɜɚ2, Ⱥ.ɘ. ɋɩɢɜɚɤ2
1 - Ȼɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɧɟɮɬɟɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ȼɟɬɭɥɢɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɯɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɯ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 30-40%. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɷɬɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ
ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɷɬɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
Ⱥɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ (ȺɊȺ) ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ 1,4-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɚɡɨɞɢɢɡɨɛɭɬɢɪɨɧɢɬɪɢɥ. ȺɊȺ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ 1,4-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɚ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ȺɊȺ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ 1,4-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɚ k In .
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ k In ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ (1y2)•104 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ•ɫ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɡɚ ȺɊȺ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɯɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɢ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɪɨɦɚɧɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ.
ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-ɌȿɊɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊȿȼɊȺɓȿɇɂə ɂ ɉȿɊȿȽɈɇɄȺ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ
ȿ.Ɇ. ɏɨɥɨɞɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ.ɇ.Ɏɪɭɦɤɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɟɺ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɢ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɬɝɨɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ 60 ɦɚɫ.% ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɵɲɟ 40 ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɨɬ 32
ɞɨ 128. Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɪɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɨ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɝɬɹɪɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ
107
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɢɡɚ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 1-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-2ɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɧɚ, ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɭɪɚɧɚ) ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɞɨɥɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɮɭɪɚɧ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɧɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ (ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɪɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ, ɮɭɪɚɧɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɵ, ɮɭɪɚɧɨɧɵ), ɬɨɝɞɚ
ɤɚɤ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɢ 1ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-2-ɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɧ) ɢ ɞɨɥɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɪɚɧɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɵ),
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ.
ɉɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɨɣ, ɪɟɠɢɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɞɜɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ ɢ ɞɨ 6
ɪɚɡ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɬɚɬɶ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ
ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ.
ɆɂɄɊɈȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɄɈɇȼȿɊɋɂə ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɇɈȻɍɆȺɀɇɈɃ ɂ ɆȺɋɅɈɀɂɊɈȼɈɃ ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ȼ ɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɇɕȿ
ɉɈɅɍɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ
ɋ.Ɇ. ɏɨɦɭɬɨɜ, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɜɛɧɹ, Ƚ.ȼ. ɋɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ, ȼ.Ɇ. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɚ, Ɇ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɧɨɜɚ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɦ. Ƚ.Ʉ. ɋɤɪɹɛɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, ɉɭɳɢɧɨ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨ-ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɠɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɦɵɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɟɤɚ, ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɞɟɡɨɞɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ (ɫɤɪɭɛɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ,
ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɚɦɢ, ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚ-1,4-ɞɢɟɧ-3,17-ɞɢɨɧɚ
(ȺȾȾ) ɢ 9Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɚɧɞɪɨɫɬ-4-ɟɧ-3,17-ɞɢɨɧɚ (9ȽȺȾ) – ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɦɵɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɟɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ (35.5 – 48.9 ɜɟɫ.%).
ɇɟɨɦɵɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɤɚ ɢ ɫɤɪɭɛɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȺȾȾ ɢ 9ȽȺȾ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ (144-350 ɱɚɫɨɜ), ɚ ɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ
(ɦɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ 40-45 %), ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ (45 ɱɚɫɨɜ,
ɦɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ 65-70 %, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ).
ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ (ɩɟɪɟɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ,
ɜɵɫɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɞɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɫ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɥɹɦɢ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ
ɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɟɪɢɧɚɦɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɫɤɪɭɛɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɡ
ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ (ɦɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ 9ȽȺȾ 66% ɡɚ 60 ɱɚɫɨɜ) ɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɤɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɫ ɝɟɤɫɚɧɨɦ
(ɦɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ȺȾȾ 59 – 64% ɡɚ 144 ɱɚɫɚ).
108
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁ ɅɂȽɇɈɋɍɅɖɎɈɇȺɌȺ ɇȺɌɊɂə, ɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ, ɄȺɊȻɈɄɋɂɆȿɌɂɅɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ, ɋȺɏȺɊɈɁɕ, ȽɅɘɄɈɁɕ ɂ
ɎɊɍɄɌɈɁɕ ȼ ɋɍȻ- ɂ ɋȼȿɊɏɄɊɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȼɈȾȿ
Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɏɭɞɨɲɢɧ1, ȼ.ɂ. Ȼɨɝɞɚɧ2, ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɭɧɢɧ1
1 - ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɇɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ, ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɢ
ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɅɐɆ), ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢɡ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ,
ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ɗɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚ ɤ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɬɚɤɟ ɢ ɧɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɭɛ- ɢ
ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ (ɋɄȼ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨ- ɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɅɐɆ ɜ ɋɄȼ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ,
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɞɚ - ɫɚɦɵɣ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ. Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɄȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɋɄȼ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ
ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɥɢ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (Ʌɋ), ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ
ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɭɛ- ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 200-450°ɋ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 80-250 ɚɬɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɂɄ- ɢ əɆɊ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɟɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ ɜ 5ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ ɢ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɎȿɇɈɅɖɇɕɏ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ ɁȿɅȿɇɂ ɉɂɏɌɕ
Ɍ.ȼ. ɏɭɪɲɤɚɣɧɟɧ1, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɥɵɣ1, ȿ.Ȼ. ɋɚɥɬɵɫɨɜɚ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɏɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ – ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ «ȼɷɪɜɚ», ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ [1]. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɢɯɬɵ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ ɢ əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ.
109
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ [2]. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɪɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɊȺɇ «ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ».
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Ʉɭɱɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɏɭɪɲɤɚɣɧɟɧ Ɍ.ȼ., Ʉɭɱɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɋɤɪɢɩɨɜɚ ɇ.ɇ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ «ȼɷɪɜɚ». ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ʋ 2298327, Ȼɂ ʋ 13, 2007ɝ.
2. Ɋɹɡɚɧɨɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ, Ʌɨɞɵɝɢɧ ȿ.Ⱦ., Ȼɟɡɧɨɫɢɤɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɄɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɮɭɥɶɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ//ɉɨɱɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, 2001, ʋ 11, ɫ. 1309-1315.
ɇɈȼɕȿ ȾɈɋɌɂɀȿɇɂə ȼ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂɂ ɗɆɍɅɖɋɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɂ
ȼɈɁɈȻɇɈȼɅəȿɆɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ɍ.ȼ. ɏɭɪɲɤɚɣɧɟɧ, ɇ.ɇ. ɋɤɪɢɩɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ – ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ.
ȼ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ [1]. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ [2].
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɟɥɶɬɚ-ɪɨɬɨɪɟ (S-ɷɦɭɥɶɝɚɬɨɪɟ).
Ʉ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɠɚɪɨ- ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 6,6-7,6 % ɨɬ ɜɟɫɚ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɚ.ɫ.ɫ.).
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɥɶɬɚ-ɪɨɬɨɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ,
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ, ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ.
ȼɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 3 ɱɚɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 24 ɱɚɫɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɧɚɫɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 9-10 % ɨɬ ɜɟɫɚ ɚ.ɫ.ɫ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɊȺɇ «ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɢɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ».
110
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Ʉɚɪɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ʌ.ɉ., Ʉɭɱɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., ɏɭɪɲɤɚɣɧɟɧ Ɍ.ȼ., ɋɵɱɟɜ Ɋ.Ʌ.
ɗɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ/ ɉɚɬ. 2117487 (Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ), 1998ɝ.
2. ȼɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ/ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ.
2007, ʋ1, ɫ.74-77.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ 2,3-ɋȿɄɈ-2,3-ȾɂɄȺɊȻɈɄɋɂɉɅȺɌȺɇɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ
ɗ.Ɏ. ɏɭɫɧɭɬɞɢɧɨɜɚ1, Ɉ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɚ1, Ʉ.ɘ. ɋɭɩɨɧɢɰɤɢɣ2
1 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ
2 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱥ. ɇɟɫɦɟɹɧɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɢɥ 2-ɛɟɧɡɢɥɢɞɟɧɛɟɬɭɥɨɧɚɬɚ 1 ɨɡɨɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɧɚɦɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
2,3-ɫɟɤɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɡɨɧɨɥɢɡɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 1 ɜ ɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɨɦ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɫɟɤɨɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ 2 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 87% (ɫɯɟɦɚ 1). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ. ɋɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɨɡɨɧ
ɚɬɚɤɭɟɬ ɷɤɡɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɜɨɣɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɫ 3-ɤɟɬɨɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 1.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɰɜɢɬɬɟɪ-ɢɨɧ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɨɧ,
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɢɤɥɚ Ⱥ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɟɧɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɨ ɋ(20)-ɤɟɬɨɧɚ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 1 ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 1, 2 ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ 1.
o
ɋɈɈɋɇ3 Ɉ2, ɋɇ2ɋl2, -60 C
ɇɋ
Ɉ
ɋɈɈɋɇ3
ɇɈɈɋ
ɇɈɈɋ
1
2
Ɋɢɫ 1. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 1
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 2,3-ɫɟɤɨ-ɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɡɨɧɚ ɧɚ 2ɷɤɡɨɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ 3-ɨɤɫɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ (ɆɄ-7360.2010.3).
111
ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂȿ ȼɕɋɈɄɈɉɈɊɂɋɌɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈ ɎɈɋɎɈɊɇɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɈɃ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ɋ.ɂ. ɐɵɝɚɧɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ
50 ɦɚɫ.% H3PO4. ɋɭɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɢ
ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ 500°ɋ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɤɪɟɤɢɧɝɨɦ ɢ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɂɄ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, 13ɋ əɆɊ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɥɭɨɪɢɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ 500°ɋ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ȼɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬɦɵɜɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤ,
ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
400°ɋ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ 2500 ɦ2/ɝ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɢɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɉɈɊɂɋɌɈɃ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɕ
ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾɂɋɌɈȽɈ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȺ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼȺɐɂɂ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ
ɋ.ɂ. ɐɵɝɚɧɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
(ɄɈɇ, H3PO4 ɢ ZnCl2) ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɺ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɬɟɪɦɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ 50 ɦɚɫ.% H3PO4 ɢɥɢ 50 ɦɚɫ.% ZnCl2
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ 1000
ɦ2/ɝ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ 35 ɦɚɫ.%. Ɍɟɪɦɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ 50 ɦɚɫ.% ɄɈɇ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ 10 ɦ2/ɝ.
ȼɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬɦɵɜɤɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɯɨɬɹ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ.
112
2
ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦ /ɝ
2400
2100
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɦɵɬɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ
ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɟɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ (1)
ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɄɈɇ (2),
ZnCl2 (3) ɢ H3PO4 (4) ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
4
1800
1500
3
1200
2
900
600
300
1
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, °ɋ
Ɍɚɤ, ɨɬɦɵɬɵɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ H3PO4 ɢɥɢ ZnCl2
ɩɪɢ 400°ɋ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ 2500 ɦ2/ɝ ɢɥɢ 1100 ɦ2/ɝ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ⱥ
ɨɬɦɵɬɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ 800°ɋ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɄɈɇ, ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ 1200 ɦ2/ɝ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ
H3PO4 ɢɥɢ ZnCl2 ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɭɸ, ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɭɸ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɭ, ɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɄɈɇ –
ɜɫɩɟɧɟɧɧɭɸ, ɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɭɸ.
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȿ ɋɕɊɖȿ – ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄ ɋɌɂɆɍɅəɌɈɊɈȼ ɂɆɆɍɇɂɌȿɌȺ, ɊɈɋɌȺ
ɂ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
ȿ.ɂ. ɑɟɪɧɹɤ, ɋ.ȼ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ, Ɇ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɬɚɫɨɜ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɇ. ȼɨɪɨɠɰɨɜɚ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʌɟɫɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹɦɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɟɦɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬɚ, ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ (ɋɂɊɊ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ Ǝɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɢƎ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɠɚɟɜ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɋɂɊɊ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ, ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ɋɂɊɊ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ
ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɞɨ 50%). ȼɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɢ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ, ɡɟɪɧɨɛɨɛɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢ
ɪɨɫɬɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ, ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɚɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɧɢɡɤɨɞɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɢɯɬɵ
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɟɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɟɦɹɧ, ɤɥɭɛɧɟɣ,
113
ɥɭɤɨɜɢɰ ɢ ɨɩɪɵɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ (ɞɨ 100%) ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɟɜɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɝɪɢɛɧɵɦ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɦ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɹɦ - ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɢ
ɩɵɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɹ, ɤɨɪɧɟɜɚɹ ɝɧɢɥɶ, ɦɭɱɧɢɫɬɚɹ ɪɨɫɚ, ɛɭɪɚɹ ɪɠɚɜɱɢɧɚ, ɩɟɪɨɧɨɫɩɨɪɨɡ,
ɮɭɡɚɪɢɨɡ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 1.2-2.2 ɪɚɡɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ,
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɞɨɡɧɵɯ ƎɛɢɨɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯƎ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬɚ, ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɇɈȼɕȿ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȾɅə ɇɂɁɄɈɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ
ɋɂɇɌȿɁȺ 5-ȽɂȾɊɈɄɋɂɆȿɌɂɅɎɍɊɎɍɊɈɅȺ
Ɇ.ɘ. ɑɟɪɧɹɤ, ȼ.ȿ. Ɍɚɪɚɛɚɧɶɤɨ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ
ɂɏɏɌ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ 5-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ (5-ȽɆɎ). ɋɩɟɤɬɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤ: ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɹ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɤ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚɦ ɢ ɞɪ. [1-2].
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɨ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ 5-ȽɆɎ ɜ ɥɟɜɭɥɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: (ɚ) – ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ
2000ɋ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ; (ɛ) – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɧɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ. ɇɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ
(ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɶ, ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥ, ɧɢɬɪɢɥɵ, ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞ [3-5]) ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ 5-ȽɆɎ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɲɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɤɢɩɹɳɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɚ-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 5-ȽɆɎ ɢɡ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1000ɋ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɚ-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ
(70ɨɛ.% ɫɩɢɬɚ) ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ 5-ȽɆɎ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 78 ɦɨɥ. % ɜ
ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞ (Ɋɢɫ.1). ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɫ 0,05 ɞɨ 0,7Ɇ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɞɨ 50 ɦɨɥ.%. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɚɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥ (90 ɨɛ. % ɫɩɢɪɬɚ) ɜɵɯɨɞ 5-ȽɆɎ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 77 ɦɨɥ.% ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜɞɜɨɟ (Ɋɢɫ. 1). ɉɨɦɢɦɨ, ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɚɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ, ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ 5-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨ 12
ɦɚɫɫ.% ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɵɯɨɞ 5-ȽɆɎ,
ɦɨɥɶ/ɦɨɥɶ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ
0,8
0,7
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ 5-ȽɆɎ ɨɬ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ (1 – ɜɨɞɚ –
ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥ (90 % ɨɛ.), 820ɋ, 1Ɇ HCl,
2 – ɜɨɞɚ – ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ (70 % ɨɛ.), 880ɋ, 1 Ɇ
HCl).
0,6
1
0,5
2
0,4
0,3
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ, Ɇ.
0,8
114
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ 0,25 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ ɩɪɢ 2002400ɋ, ɝɞɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ 5-ȽɆɎ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥ 40 ɦɨɥ.% [6]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢɡ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Lichtenthaler F. W, Acc. Chem. Res, 2002, v. 35, P. 728-737.
2. Huber W., Iborra S., Chem. Rev, 2006, v. 106, P. 4044-4098.
3. Kuster B.F.M. Carb. Res. 1977. Vol. 54. P. 177 – 183.
4. Ɍɚɪɚɛɚɧɶɤɨ ȼ. ȿ., ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ Ɇ. Ⱥ., ɑɟɪɧɹɤ Ɇ. ɘ. ɏɢɦɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɬ. ɭɫɬ. ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, 2005,
ʋ 13, ɋ. 551-558.
5. Seri K, Inoue Y, Chem. Lett, 2000, ʋ 1, P. 22 – 23.
6. Ɍɚɪɚɛɚɧɶɤɨ ȼ. ȿ., ɑɟɪɧɹɤ Ɇ. ɘ., ɇɟɩɨɦɧɹɳɢɣ ɂ. ȼ., ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ Ɇ. Ⱥ.. ɏɢɦ. ɜ ɢɧɬ.
ɭɫɬɨɣɱ. ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ., 2006, ʋ 14, ɋ. 53-57.
ɆȿɏȺɇɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɋɈɅɘȻɂɅɂɁȺɐɂə ȾɂɈɄɋɂȾȺ ɄɊȿɆɇɂə ȼ
ɋɈɋɌȺȼȿ ɊɂɋɈȼɈɃ ɒȿɅɍɏɂ
ȿ.Ƚ. ɒɚɩɨɥɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ɂ. Ʌɨɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɢɫɚ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɺɬ. ȿɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
500 ɬɵɫ. ɬ. ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɋɇȽ - ɨɤɨɥɨ 1,4 ɦɥɧ. ɬ. ɋɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ ɲɟɥɭɯɢ ɢ ɦɭɱɤɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ.
Ɉɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɲɟɥɭɯɚ ɪɢɫɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ
ɧɟɣ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ. Ȼɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦ ɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ ɲɟɥɭɯɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦɚ, ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ. Ƚɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɵ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɯɟɥɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ – ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ
ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɟɥɚɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ. ɉɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɵ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɯɟɥɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ ɫ
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ
ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ. ȿɺ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ
ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ
ɲɟɥɭɯɢɢ ɢ ɝɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.
115
ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕȿ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɕ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ ȻɂɈɇȿɎɌɂ ɂ ɆɈɌɈɊɇɕɏ
ɌɈɉɅɂȼ ɂɁ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ȾȿɊȿȼȺ
ȼ.ɂ. ɒɢɪɲɢɤɨɜ1, ȼ.ɇ. ɉɢɹɥɤɢɧ2
1 - ɁȺɈ "Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ȼɢɧɧɷɪ" ɝ.ȼɵɛɨɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ʌɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ, ɧɨ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɧɚ 5% ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 10 ɥɟɬ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦ. Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ
ɰɟɧɟ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 30$ ɡɚ ɛɚɪɪɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ, ɛɢɨɧɟɮɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɛɢɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ /Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ, ɋɒȺ, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ, Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɹ, ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɋɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ./ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ
ɩɪɨɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɤɚɤ ɨɠɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɭɥɶɬɪɚɩɢɪɨɥɢɡ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɥɟɫɨɩɨɫɚɞɨɤ (ɢɜɚ, ɬɨɩɨɥɶ, ɷɜɤɚɥɢɩɬ) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ.
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɥɟɫɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɊɎ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 700 ɦɥɧ ɦ3, ɧɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ, ɥɟɫɨɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ , ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ 60-70%, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ - ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɨɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɭ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ.
ɈȻ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂɂ ɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɀɂȾɄɈɋɌȿɃ ȾɅə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɇɈȼɕɏ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ, ɅɂȽɇɈɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɂ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
ɂ.ɘ. ɓɟɪɛɚɤɨɜ1, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɍɨɣɤɤɚ1, Ⱥ. Kraslawski2
1 - ɋɉɛȽɍ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɬɨ ɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɫɵɪɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ
ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ, ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ
– ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɣ ɢ ɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɷɪɨɝɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
116
ɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ), ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ
ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɯ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɚɡɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (Knowledge discovery in databases ɢ Datamining), ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ,
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɈȻɊȺɁɐɈȼ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ, ɊȿȽȿɇȿɊɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ
ɂɁ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ ȾɆȺȺ-LICL
Ɍ.ɉ. ɓɟɪɛɚɤɨɜɚ1, ɇ.ȿ. Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ2, ɘ.ȼ. Ȼɵɯɨɜɰɨɜɚ3
1 - Ƚɍ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ƚɍ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Ƚɍ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ȾɆȺȺ-LiCl ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɥɶɧɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟ-ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 180 ɞɨ 300. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɬ 1.2 ɞɨ 2.2%. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ LiCl ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 10 ɦɚɫɫ. %, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɨɬ
3 ɞɨ 6 ɦɚɫɫ. %. Ɋɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɟɫɰɜɟɬɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɵ ɜ
ɛɟɥɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɂɄ-Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɢɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ (ɋɗɆ).
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɂɄ-Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹ, ɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ,
ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ”ɫɲɢɬɵɦɢ”.
Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ II ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ
ɩɚɥɨɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ — ɮɨɪɦɭ
ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
117
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɶɸ
ɦɨɧɨɯɥɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ȾɆȺȺ-LiCl, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ȾɆȺȺ/LiCl ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬ ȼ.Ʉ. Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɶɟɜɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ȿ.ɇ.
ȼɥɚɫɨɜɭ – ɡɚ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɂɄ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
[1] ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ɍɸɤɨɜɚ ɂ.ɋ., ɏɚɫɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɏ. ȼɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤ. ɫɨɟɞ. Ⱥ. 43, 2135 (2001). [2]
Potthast A., Rosenau Th., Sixta H., Kosma P. Tetrahedron Lett. 43, 7757 (2002). [3] Sjɰholm E.,
Gustafsson K., Eriksson B., Brown W., Colmsjɰ A. Carbohydr. Polym. 41, 153 (2000). [4]
Heinze Th., Koschella A. Ciɤncia e Tecnologia. 15, 84 (2005).
ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕȿ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɂɁɈɏɂɇɈɅɂɇɈȼɕɏ
ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɈȼ
Ɇ.ɋ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜ
ɍɊȺɇ ɂɈɏ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɂɡɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɩɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɬɢɚɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ
ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ
ɢɡɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɧɬɢɚɪɢɬɦɢɤɢ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɪɨɬɨɩɢɧɨɜɵɯ, ɞɢɢɡɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ, ɮɬɚɥɢɞɢɡɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɅɂɉɂȾɕ ɋȿɆəɇ CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE ɂ ECHIUM VULGARE L. ɋȿɆ.
BORAGINACEAE JUSS
ɋ.Ƚ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.ɋ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜ1, ɇ.ɂ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜ2, Ʌ.ɂ. ɏɚɬɦɭɥɥɢɧɚ1
1 - ɂɈɏ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂȻ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɢɩɢɞɚɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɷɫɫɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɪɹɞɚ C-18 Z-3 (9.12, 15 ɨɤɬɚɞɟɤɚɬɪɢɟɧɨɜɚɹ, Į-ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɚɹ) ɢ Z-6 (6,9,12 – ɨɤɬɚɞɟɤɚɬɪɢɟɧɨɜɚɹ, J-ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɚɹ),
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ȼɚɲɤɨɪɬɨɫɬɚɧ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɥɢɩɢɞɵ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ
Boraginaceae Juss.,:Cynoglossum officinale (ɑɟɪɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ) ɢ Echium
vulgare L. (ɋɢɧɹɤ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ). ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɫɢɧɹɤɚ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ.
Ɇɚɫɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɚɛɫ. ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ I ɢ II ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (%): 21 ɢ 26,3;
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ 2.2 ɢ 2.3 ɦɝ/ɄɈɇ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Ƚɀɏ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ɀɄ) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɀɄ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ (ɇɅ) ɨɛɨɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ȼ I
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ 14 ɀɄ, ɚ ɜ II 11, ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɛɨɪɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɀɄ ɨɧɢ ɦɚɥɨ
118
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ II ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ 21:0; 22:0 ɢ 22:1 ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɂɡ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɀɄ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ
ɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ 16:0 ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɀɄ. ȼ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ I 18:1 ɢ 18:2 ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ~ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 30% ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɀɄ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ J-18:3 ɢ Į-18:3 ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ(%):8.3 ɢ 3.8;
18:4-1.8. ȼ II ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ Į-18:3 (37,3%);J-18:3 (6.5%) ɢ 18:4
(5,2%). ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ 18:1 ɢ 18:2 ɛɵɥɨ ɡɧɚɱɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ II (14.8 ɢ 22.2%).
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Ʉɏ ɢ ɉɌɋɏ ɇɅ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 8 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ:
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ; ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ; ɬɪɢɚɰɢɥɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɵ (ɌȺȽ);
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ; ɬɨɤɨɮɟɪɨɥɵ; ɞɢɚɰɢɥɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɵ; ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ;
ɦɨɧɨɚɰɢɥɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɵ. Ʌɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɬɪɢɚɰɢɥɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɀɄ ɜɫɟɯ
ɚɰɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɀɄ ɌȺȽ ɛɵɥ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɇɅ.
PHOSPHORYLATED MONOTEPENES AND TARTRATES
I.S. Nizamov1, O.V. Bolshakova1, L.A. Almetkina2, A.V. Sofronov2, G.T. Gabdullina1,
Ye.M. Martianov2, R.A. Cherkasov2
1 - Tatar State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Kazan, Russia
2 - Kazan State University, Kazan, Russia
[email protected]
Phosphorylated monoterpene derivatives to be a prospective class of non-toxic bioregulators for
creating of new drugs. Over the past few years we have been involved in developing new
synthetic routes for phosphorylated and thiophosphorylated derivatives of monoterpenes such as
racemic camphene, (+)-limonene and (-)-ȕ-pinene on the reactions with dithiophosphoric acids,
geraniol, nerol and linalool on the reactions with chlorophosphites, chlorophosphines and
amidophosphites. Taking into account antimicrobial activity of citral, we have studied reactions
of trimethyl phosphite with citral in the presence of acetic acid, triphenyl phosphite with citral in
the presence of water, and trimethyl phosphite with citral in the presence of water and
triethylamine. A convenient method of synthesizing unsaturated Į-hydroxyphosphonates was
developed on the basis of Abramov reaction of dialkyl phosphites with citral in the presence of
triethylamine in alcohol solutions. We have studied a possibility of obtaining of Įaminophosphonates on the basis of citral, citronellal and (-)-myrtenal and their imines by
Pudovik and Kabachnik-Fields reactions. Į-Aminephosphonates were also prepared in the
reaction of citral imines with O,O-dialkyl trimethylsilylphosphites in the presence of water,
alcohols, secondary amines and acetic acid.
We have tried to develop enantioselective methods of synthesis of organothiophosphorus
derivatives of some chiral natural terpenols, terpene diols and tartrates such as D- ɢ L-menthols,
(1R)-endo-(+)-fenchyl alcohol, (1S)-endo-(-)-borneol, (1R)-(-)-nopol, (1R,2S,3S,5R)-(+)-isopinocampheol, trans-3,4-pinanediol and (+)-dimethyl L-tartrate. Optically active O,O-diterpenyl
dithiophosphoric, O-terpenyl aryldithiophosphonic and bisdithiophosphonic acids acids were
obtained when these chiral terpenols were involved in reactions with P4S10 and 2,4-diaryl
1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfides. These acids were transformed into the corresponding
ammonium salts. The heating of these salts with benzoyl chloride, methyl chloroacetate or
epichlorohydrin results in novel S-organyl O,O-diterpenyl dithiophosphates and O-terpenyl
aryldithiophosphonates. New chiral bistriorganylgermyl, stannyl and plumbyl, cyclic diphenylsilyl and diphenylplumbyl derivatives of O,O-diterpenyl dithiophosphoric and O-terpenyl
aryldithiophosphonic acids were also prepared from these salts. Phosphorylated monotepenes
showed appreciable antimicrobial activity.
119
S-ESTERS AND S-ORGANOELEMENT DERIVATIVES OF MONOTERPENYL
DITHIOPHOSPHONIC ACIDS
I.S. Nizamov1, A.V. Sofronov2, G.T. Gabdullina1, Ye.M. Martianov2, L.A. Almetkina2,
R.A. Cherkasov2
1 - Tatar State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Kazan, Russia
2 - Kazan State University, Kazan, Russia
[email protected]
Owing to the large scale industrial production of monoterpenes, their importance as an initial
material in organic synthesis, and the general use of their derivatives in medicine, cosmetics and
perfumery, there exists continuous interest in this field of chemistry of natural compounds. The
interest in synthetic phosphorylated derivatives of monoterpenes is due to their potential
metabolic regulation activity. Taking into account chirality of such monoterpenyl alcohols as
(1R)-endo-(+)-fenchyl alcohol, (1S)-endo-(-)-borneol, (1R)-(-)-nopol, (1R,2S,3S,5R)-(+)-isopinocampheol, we have studied their reactions with 2,4-diaryl 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfides as thiophosphorylating agents. O-Terpenyl aryldithiophosphonic acids bearing
asymmetrical centres in the terpenyl fragment were prepared in these reactions. Optically active
O-terpenyl aryldithiophosphonic acids obtained were transformed into the corresponding
ammonium salts. The reactions of these salts with epichlorohydrin, benzoyl chloride or methyl
chloroacetate have been found to bring about the formation of new S-organyl O-terpenyl
aryldithiophosphonates. The chiral triorganylsilyl, germyl, stannyl and plumbyl derivatives of Oterpenyl aryldithiophosphonic acids were synthesized by the reactions of ammonium salts of
corresponding acids with triorganylchlorosilane, germane, stannane and plumbane, diphenyl
dichlorosilane and diphenyl dichloroplumbane.
S
HO
P
S
S
P
OH
P
S
O
S
NH3
S
OH
P
OH
O
SH
OH
S NH4
R3ECl
ClC(O)Ph
P
- NH4Cl
- NH4Cl
S
OH
O
S
ClCH2COOMe
S-C(O)Ph
- NH4Cl
OH
SER3
E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
S
P
P
O
OH
O
SCH2COOMe
THE BIOSORBENT PREPARATION FROM THE BIOMASS OF THE WATER
PLANTS GROWING IN UZBEKISTAN
N.A. Parpiev1, Z.Ch. Kadirova2, Kh.T. Sharipov2, Sh.A. Kadirova1
1 - National University of Uzbekistan
2 - Tashkent Chemical Technological Institute
[email protected]
The Lemna minor and Azolla carɨliniana were initial raw materials for preparation of a
biosorbent. These macrophytes are floating water plants especially sensitive to many
environment pollutants like heavy metals and substances concentrated on the water/air border.
The Lemna is resistant against many environmental contaminations and very often can be
120
observed in water reservoirs of the coal power stations containing ashes, and covers
approximately 95 % from a total area of a surface of reservoirs. The plants grow in a wide range
of concentration of polluting substances in water, including toxic heavy metal ions.
The method of biosorbent preparation from a biomass of these higher water plants, physical and
chemical properties of the received sorbent samples and its sorption ability in relation to organic
and inorganic polluting substances were investigated.
The preparation of sorbent biomass consists from following processes: the water plants were
washed out by the distilled water, dried on air, crushed till the 0.075 and 2.0 mm sizes of
particles and finally dried. The biomass directly used for sorption experiments for the various
modelling systems containing ions of heavy metals. Besides the Azolla and Lemna biomass were
treated by chemical activation using NaOH (pH 10.5) solution with the following treatment by
CaCl2/MgCl2/NaCl (2:1:1) water solutions. The chemical activation leads to increase of sorption
ability of biomass in relation to heavy metal ions. The process of activation can be explained by
sorption of heavy metal ions by the plant biomass pectin and similar to pectin substances.
The kinetic study of sorption process and modelling study of relationship between sorption of
heavy metals and temperature, ɪɇ, mineralizations and of some other factors were considered.
It was established, that Lemna minor L. and Azolla caroliana effectively remove the ions of
heavy metals from water solutions in various concentrations. The dried up biomass can remove
of some heavy metal ions, such as Pb2 +, Cd2 +, Ni2 + and Zn2 + from water solutions in various
concentration. The particles of the activated biomass have higher sorption capacity in relation to
heavy metals ions in following order - Pb2 + <Ni2 + <Cd2 + <Zn2 +. However the sorption occurs
much more slowly, than in case of not activated biomass particles. Thus activated biomass better
remove ions of metals.
The work was supported by the Grant of Applied Researches No. 7-029.
SYNTESIS AND STUDY OF AMINOMETHYL DIHYDROQUERCETIN
DODECATUNGSTENPHOSPHATE
S.H. Quinones1, G.Z. Kaziev2, O.A. Kirichenko2, A.I. Stash3, A.F. Stepnova2, A. De Ita1
1 - Univesidad Autonoma Metropolitana (Azcapotzalko) Mexico
2 - Chemical department of Moscow State pedagogical University
3 - Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Rassan Academy of Sciences
[email protected]
Heteropoly compounds (HPC) constitute a singular and theoretically interesting class of
compounds. Nowadays the most promising trends are modeling, synthesis and determination of
structural characteristics of new hybrid materials which result from assembling both organic and
inorganic blocs. This kind of inorganic-organic compounds may by used for creating
polyfunctional materials which combine magnetic, electrical and/or optical properties of solids.
Besides, HPC possess the potential feature of self-assembling. But for this feature to be realized
it is necessary to model the correct organic component for hybrid material synthesizing.
In this connection synthesis and a number of physical and chemical studies of dihydroquercetin
dodecatungstenphosphate have been carried out. The reaction took place in water medium with
the participation of phosphotungstic acid (0.1 mole/l) and aminomethyldihydroquercetin (0.01
mole/l).
OH
OH
HO
HO
O
O
OH
OH
2
+
H 2C
N
H3[PW 12O40]
OH
OH
+
H
O
H 2C
N
2-
H[PW12O40]
OH
OH
O
2
121
The compound composition was verified by the elementary analysis and the structure of the
compound was solved by X-ray diffraction.
COMPOUND
ɚ, Å
Singony
(ɋH2NH-C5H10) ȾɄȼ .
ɇ[PW12O40]10H2O
Triclinic
ɜ, Å
ɫ, Å
Į,º
ȕ,º
V, Å 3 Z
Ȗ,º
17.43 16.58 14.68 112.57 120.57 95.81 13.14 1
The work has been carried out with the aid of the grant of the Russian Fundamental Research
Foundation. 09-03-00400
SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL ANTIMITOTIC DERIVATIVES OF COMBRETASTATIN
USING EXTRACTS OF DILL AND PARSLEY SEEDS
D.V. Tsyganov, I .Yu. Titov, I.K. Sagamanova, N.B. Chernysheva, L.D. Konyushkin,
I.B. Karmanova, M.A. Pokrovsky, A.G. Pokrovsky, M.N. Semenova, V.V. Semenov
N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Combretastatin ɋA-4 is a natural antimitotic tubulin destabilizing compound isolated from the
bark of Combretum caffrum in 1989. The double bond linker provides for cis-configuration of
the biaryl template (A and B rings of CA-4, Scheme 1) necessary for efficient interaction of a
molecule with the colchicine binding site of tubulin. We have synthesized novel polyalkoxyaryl
derivatives II of ɋȺ-4 with more than three alkoxy groups in ring A on the base of easily
available allylbenzenes I isolated from the seeds of dill and parsley, cultivated in Russia. Fivemembered heterocycles in structures III-V were also selected as linkers to provide a nonisomerizable and metabolically stable replacement for the cis-styrene.
Scheme 1
R1
N N
R 2O
R1
R 2O
N
H
R 3O
R5
OR4
III
R 3O
OH
R3O
R5
R5
OR4
OR4
R1
R 2O
R1
R 2O
R5
OR4
O
OMe
IV
OH
R1
R1
R 3O
R2O
NHNH2
OMe
N N
R1
O
CH2
CH3
R 2O
R 2O
CHO
A
R 3O
R 3O
I
R1=R5=H; R2=R3=R4=Me: Elemicine
R5
R 3O
OR4
R5
OR4
R1=R5=H; R2=R3=R4=Me: CA-4
OH
R1=OMe; R2=R3=CH2; R4=Me; R5=H: Apiol
R1=OMe; R2=R3=R4=Me; R5=H: Allyltetramethoxybenzene
OH
OR4
OMe
R1=R5=H; R2=R3=CH2; R4=Me: Myristicine
R1=H; R2=R3=CH2; R4=Me; R5=OMe: Dillapiol
B
R5
II
R1
NH2
R3O
R5
OR4
R1
N
R 2O
N O
R 2O
N
R 3O
OMe
R5
OR4
OH
V
We investigated the antiproliferative effect of polyalkoxybenzene analogues of CA-4 on sea
urchin embryos and human leukemia cell lines MT-4, U-937, and ɋȿɆ-13. Cis-stylbenes II
were 10-20 times more active than their corresponding trans-isomers. Myristicine derivative of
II was about 2 times more active than CA-4 phosphate, which is now in phase III clinical trials.
Some 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues displayed toxicity at 1-4 PM in the sea urchin embryo test.
122
ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂȿ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɂ
ȾɊɍȽɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ɄɅȿəɓȺə ɆȺɋɌɂɄȺ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɃ ɄȺɇɂɎɈɅɂ
ɋ.Ƚ. Ⱥɡɢɡɛɟɤɹɧ, Ȼ.Ƚ. ɍɞɚɪɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɇȺɇ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɏɆɉ) ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɵɟ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɤɥɟɟɜɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɡɦɹɝɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ; ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɹɳɚɹ ɦɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɥɤɚɧɚ
(ɷɮɢɪɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ ɮɭɦɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ) ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɥɚ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɟɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɏɆɉ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɡɨɧɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɟɦ ɏɥɚɞɨɧɟ-113.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɞɝɟɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɹɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ, ɫɦɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɨɱɢɳɚɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɥɟɹ-ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ. Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ
ɫɦɟɫɢ ɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɚ, ɚɰɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ ɫɦɨɥɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɤɥɟɟɜɨɣ
ɫɥɨɣ ɫ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 2÷4 ɦɤɦ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɥɟɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ
ɪɚɡɠɢɠɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥ
ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɸ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ; ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥ
ɛɟɡ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɢ ɬɟɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɨɬ 25 ɞɨ 65 °ɋ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɢɠɟ 20 ºɋ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ
ɚɞɝɟɡɢɢ.
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɥɟɹɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ; ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɡɨɧɨɪɚɡɭɲɚɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ; ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɤɥɟɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɫ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɩɨ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ;
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɫɬɢɤɢ. Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɦɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ
ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɨɸɳɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ.
ɋɈɊȻɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɂɁȼɅȿɑȿɇɂȿ ɄȺɌɂɈɇɈȼ ɋȿɊȿȻɊȺ ɂɁ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ ɉɈɅɂɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɅɂɌɇɕɆ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈɆ
Ɍ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɣɰɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ɋ. Ȼɪɨɜɤɨ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɥɚɦɚɪɱɭɤ
ɂɗɉɋ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɹɦɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
123
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ɂɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɝɨ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ
ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ (ɉɗɄ) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɉɗɄ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ,
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ, ɯɟɥɚɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (ɅɋNa) ɫ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɩɨɥɢɚɦɢɧɨɦ (ɉɗɉȺ) ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɉɗɄ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 3-4. ɋɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɉɗɄ Ʌɋ – ɉɗɉȺ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 526,3 ɦɝ·ɝ-1.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Ag+ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɢɬɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
Ag+ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ 5 ɱɚɫɨɜ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɚ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ L – ɬɢɩɭ, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɉɗɄ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ Ʌɟɧɝɦɸɪɚ ɢ
Ɏɪɟɣɧɞɥɢɯɚ. Ⱥɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɏɪɟɣɧɞɥɢɯɚ (R2 = 0,858) ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ʌɟɧɝɦɸɪɚ (R2 = 1) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɏɪɟɣɧɞɥɢɯɚ ī K ˜ C n , ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ (Ƚ’)
ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɭ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ (b). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ:
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ – ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɚ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ ɉɗɄ Ʌɋ-ɉɗɉȺ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 22ɨɋ
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ Ɏɪɟɣɧɞɥɢɯɚ
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ Ʌɟɧɝɦɸɪɚ
Ƚ’, ɦɝ·ɝ-1
b, ɦɝ-1
Ʉ
n
288,27
0,149
526,3
0,576
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɉɗɄ - ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ
ɫɟɪɟɛɪɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɇȿɎɌȿɋɈȻɂɊȺɌȿɅȿɃ ɂɁ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ȼɂȾɈȼ ɄɈɊɕ ȾȿɊȿȼɖȿȼ
ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɩɪɢɤɨɜɚ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɍɟɪɟɳɟɧɤɨ, ɇ.ȼ. ɑɟɫɧɨɤɨɜ, Ɇ.Ʌ. ɓɢɩɤɨ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ,
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɛɟɡɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɵɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ (ɤɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ
ɨɫɢɧɵ, ɛɟɪɟɫɬɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ (ȼȺȽ).
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ȼȺȽ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ: ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ – 140qɋ, 20 ɚɬɦ. ɢ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɟ 2
ɦɢɧ.; ɞɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ – 170qɋ, 25 ɚɬɦ.; ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ – 200qɋ, 30 ɚɬɦ., ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ
124
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 1 ɦɢɧ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ: ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ
ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ – 1 - 5ɦɦ, ɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ ɨɫɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ - 0,5 - 1 ɦɦ.
ɇɟɮɬɟ- ɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ (ɩɪɢ 20r1ɨɋ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɵɪɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɈȺɈ «Ɍɪɚɧɫɫɢɛɧɟɮɬɶ» (U 0,85 ɝ/ɫɦ3) ɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɫɥɭ (U 0, 89 ɝ/ɫɦ3).
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ
Ȼɟɪɟɫɬɚ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ȼȺȽ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
Ʉɨɪɚ ɨɫɢɧɵ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɉɨɫɥɟ
ȼȺȽ
Ʉɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɚɹ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ȼȺȽ
ɇɟɮɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ (ɝ/ɝ)
1,31
5,80
0,48
5,46
0,36
3,63
Ɇɚɫɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ (ɝ/ɝ)
2,46
6,60
0,56
6,04
0,47
3,87
ȼɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ (ɝ/ɝ)
0,95
5,03
0,81
6,50
0,80
1,77
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞ ȼȺȽ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɧɟɮɬɟ- ɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. Ʌɭɱɲɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɬɠɢɦɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɷɬɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 67 ɢ 45 % ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɢɡ
ɤɨɪɵ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 10 %. Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 200 ɱ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɫ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ 100 % ɩɥɚɜɭɱɟɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɜ
ɜɨɞɭ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 0,2 %. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɥɚɜɭɱɟɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɧɟɮɬɟ- ɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
Ȼɟɡɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ȼȺȽ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɨɱɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ɑɂɋɌȺə ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ȼɕɋɈɄɈɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈ-ɋɌɊɍɀȿɑɇɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ ȻȿɁ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ɋɂɇɌȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɆɈɅ-ɋȼəɁɍɘɓɂɏ
Ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɚɪɬɦɚɧ1, ȼ.ȼ. Ȼɚɪɟɥɤɨ2, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ȼɵɤɨɜ1, ȿ.ɇ. Ʉɭɪɤɢɧ2
1 - ɈɈɈ "ɏɢɦɮɢɫɬ", ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ, ɊɎ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ, ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ, ɊɎ
[email protected]
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɜ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɦɟɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɨɣ
Ⱦɋɉ.
ɇɟɝɚɬɢɜɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ Ⱦɋɉ
x Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɦɨɥɵɨɥɢɝɨɦɟɪɵ (ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɮɟɧɨɥɨɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɦɨɥɵ). Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ⱦɋɉ ɜ ɞɨɦɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ
ɦɟɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
125
x
x
x
x
x
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨ ɫɦɨɥɨɣɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ (ɱɚɫɚɦɢ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ – ɫɭɬɤɚɦɢ). ɗɬɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɞɨ
ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɛɪɚɤ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ:
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜ ɩɟɱɢ-ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ, ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ
ɪɚɡɛɨɪɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɋɉ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɧɢɡɤɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɦɨɥɚ-ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɜɨɥɚɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ
ɩɨɪɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ.
ɂɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɡ Ⱦɋɉ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɯ
Ⱦɋɉ, ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɋɉ.
Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ (ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɩɭɚɧɫɨɧɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɞɨ 300 ɋ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ) ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɭɞɚɪɧɨ-ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨ 50 ɚɬɦ) ɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɭɸ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ , ɫɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ) ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɦɟɠɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ, ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɭɹɫɶ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ – ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɭɸ, ɦɚɥɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, (ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɞɨ 2 ɝ/ɤɭɛ.ɫɦ).
ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱦɋɉ
x ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ (ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɦɨɥɵ-ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɟ).
x ȼɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɨ-ɨɩɢɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ,
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ
(ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ) «ɡɚɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ» ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ.
x Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ, ɩɨ-ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
x Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɩɨɠɚɪɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɷɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ Ⱦɋɉ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ
ɩɨɪɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɭ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɸ.
x ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
x ȼɫɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ.
126
x
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ⱦɋɉ ɝɧɢɥɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɝɧɢɜɲɟɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ
ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɢɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɨ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɧɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɝɧɢɸɳɢɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ
ɛɭɪɟɥɨɦɨɜ – ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɢɨɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɣ.
Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɥɨɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɹ ɢɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ,
ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ:
x ɉɚɪɤɟɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɪ. ɫɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɩɨ
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɠɚɪɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɭɛɨɜɵɣ ɩɚɪɤɟɬ.
x ȼɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɚɹ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ
ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ.
x ȼɵɫɨɤɨ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɧɟɪɚ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɣ ɲɩɨɧ: ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶ (ɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɦɚɹ ɫ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ), ɩɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ
(ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɥɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ).
x ȼɵɫɨɤɨ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɵɟ, ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɡ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ «ɬɟɪɦɨ-ɥɢɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ»; ɷɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ
ɢɧɤɪɭɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ, ɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
ȺȾɋɈɊȻɐɂə ɉȺɅɅȺȾɂə ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾɇɕɆɂ ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌȺɆɂ ɂɁ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
Ɉɋɂɇɕ ɂ ɄɈɊɕ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɐɕ
Ⱥ.Ɉ. ȿɪɟɦɢɧɚ, ȼ.ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɭɞɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɇ.ȼ. ɑɟɫɧɨɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɫɨɪɬɧɚɹ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɍɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ-ɫɵɪɰɚ ɢɡ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ
ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɬɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ɂɡɨɬɟɪɦɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ
ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɚɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ Ʌɷɧɝɦɸɪɚ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ
ɦɨɧɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 50-75 ɦɝ/ɝ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɟɝɨ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ (R2=0,98-0,99). ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɬ 100 ɞɨ 1000 ɦɝ/ɥ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ 97,8-43,1
%; ɧɚ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɟ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ 99,6-70,7 %. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ 1 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ HCl ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 98%.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ (50-55
%). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 2 ɰɢɤɥɚɯ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢɞɟɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɵɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɯ
ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
127
ȺȾɋɈɊȻɐɂə ɉȺɊɈȼ ɅȿɌɍɑɂɏ ɍȽɅȿȼɈȾɈɊɈȾɈȼ ɉɈɊɂɋɌɕɆɂ
ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾɇɕɆɂ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȺɆɂ ɂɁ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
Ⱥ.Ɉ. ȿɪɟɦɢɧɚ, ȼ.ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ, ɇ.ȼ. ɑɟɫɧɨɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɢ. ȼ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɰɢɤɥ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɉɍɆ).
ɉɍɆ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ȻɏɁ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (%): ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ 3,6; ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 1,8; Vdaf 63,4; Cdaf 72,3; Hdaf 4,1.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɭ (ɜ ɬɨɤɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɨ
500°ɋ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɱ) ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɚɪɨɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ (ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 800°ɋ; ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ 0,5 ɱ; ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ 0,25
ɤɝ/ɤɝ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ) ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɉɍɆ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ 0,3%; ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 3,5%; ɧɚɫɵɩɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ 279 ɝ/ɞɦ3;
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɪ 0,68 ɫɦ3/ɝ; ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɭ (ɩɪɢ
25°ɋ) 187 ɦɝ/ɝ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
ɉɍɆ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɚɪɚɦ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɩɟɧɬɚɧ, ɝɟɤɫɚɧ, ɝɟɩɬɚɧ, ɨɤɬɚɧ) ɢ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɛɟɧɡɨɥ, ɬɨɥɭɨɥ, ɨ-ɤɫɢɥɨɥ) ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɍɆ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɡ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ). ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɟ ɅɏɆ-80 ɫ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ U-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ
ɤɨɥɨɧɤɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 10 ɫɦ ɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 0,4 ɫɦ; ɝɚɡ-ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ – ɝɟɥɢɣ (ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ 40 ɦɥ/ɦɢɧ); ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ 100°ɋ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɉɍɆ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤ I ɬɢɩɭ, ɬ.ɟ. ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɚɦɢ
Ʌɷɧɝɦɸɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɦɨɧɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɜ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɨɪɚɯ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɍɆ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɟɦ ȺȽ-3.
ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾɇɕȿ ɂ ɆɂɇȿɊȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌɕ ɂɁ ɊɂɋɈȼɈɃ ɒȿɅɍɏɂ
ɋ.ȼ. ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ʉɨɪɚɛɚɟɜ1, Ɇ.Ƚ. ɂɫɦɚɢɥɨɜɚ2, ȿ.ɋ. ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ3, ȼ.ȿ. Ɍɢɬɨɜ3
1 - ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
2 - ɍɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
3 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɬɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɱɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ
ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ.
128
ɇɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ ɲɟɥɭɯɢ Ʉɵɡɵɥɨɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
650 °ɋ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɨɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 20 ɦɢɧ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɵɦ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ
ɩɚɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ 850 °ɋ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 35 ɦɢɧ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ: ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ – 330 ɦ2/ɝ; ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɣɨɞɭ –
35%; ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɦɭ – 45 ɦɝ/ɝ; ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ
ɚɰɟɬɨɧɭ – 84,9%; ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɪ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ – 1,1 ɫɦ3/ɝ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (~47%), ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ
ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ NaOH 70 ɝ/ɞɦ3 ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɀ:Ɍ=15 ɫɦ3:1 ɝ ɩɪɢ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
120 ɦɢɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɡɨɥɵ (ɞɨ 2,9%), ɧɨ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ: ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ – 900
ɦ2/ɝ; ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɣɨɞɭ – 67,5%; ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ
ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɦɭ – 134,7 ɦɝ/ɝ; ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɭ – 88,1%; ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɩɨɪ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ – 1,4 ɫɦ3/ɝ.
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɵɣ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (1:1) ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60 qɋ ɞɨ ɪɇ=8-9.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɡɨɥɶ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɢ 0,2% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ HCl, ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 105 qɋ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɚɦɨɪɮɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ
ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɬ 20 ɞɨ 100 ɧɦ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ: ɧɚɫɵɩɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ - 220 ɝ/ɫɦ3, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ~73
ɦ2/ɝ, ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɪ ɩɨ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɭ - 0,60ɫɦ3/ɝ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɪ ~ 10,2ɧɦ.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ ɲɟɥɭɯɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɋɈɊȻȿɇɌɕ ɂɈɇɈȼ ɉɈɅɂȼȺɅȿɇɌɇɕɏ ɆȿɌȺɅɅɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɄɈɊɈɌɄɂɏ
ȼɈɅɈɄɈɇ ɅɖɇəɇɈɃ ɂ ɏɅɈɉɄɈȼɈɃ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ
ɇ.Ɇ. Ɂɚɛɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɱɟɤ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɊɎ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɦɢɞɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (ɜ Na- ɢ ɇ- ɮɨɪɦɚɯ), ɢ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɄɆɐ) ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɨɧɚɦ ɦɟɞɢ
ɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɚɦɢɞɨɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ (Naɮɨɪɦɚ) ɆȺɄɆɐ(Na) ɩɪɢ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɶɧɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɚɦɢɞɨɦ
ɦɨɧɨɯɥɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ
ɷɮɢɪɵ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɚɦɢɞɨɤɚɪɛɚɦɚɬɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
ɜ
ɇ-ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɆȺɄɄɆɐ(ɇ)
ɩɪɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɇɄɆɐ (ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɶɧɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ) ɫ ɤɚɪɛɚɦɢɞɨɦ
(ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɨɣ).
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɄɆɐ ɚɦɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɨɧɚɦ ɦɟɞɢ. ɋ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɨɧɚɦ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɷɮɢɪɚɯ.
ɗɮɢɪɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɇ – ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɢɨɧɚɦ
Cu+2, ɱɟɦ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɜ Na - ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ.
129
ȼɚɪɶɢɪɭɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɦɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɰɟɩɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɨɧɚɦ ɩɨɥɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁȺ, ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɇȺə ɂɁ ȼɈȾɇɈɃ ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɂɂ WHISKERS
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɋɍȻɅɂɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɋɍɒɄɂ: ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ1, Ɇ.ɂ. ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.ȼ. Ɋɚɞɭɝɢɧ1, Ɍ.ɇ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ1, ɇ.ɋ. Ɍɪɭɬɧɟɜ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɊȺɇ, ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɭɥ. ɋɬɚɪɚɹ Ȼɚɫɦɚɧɧɚɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɛɢɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɫ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ whiskers ɢɡ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɣ, ɥɶɧɹɧɨɣ ɞɠɭɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ɏɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɗɆȼ-100Ʌ, ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 50 ɤv) ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 200-400 ɧɦ
- 10-20 ɧɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɧɚɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, əɆɊ,
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɨɥɭɨɥɚ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɭ
ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɇɄɐ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɫ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣ
ɧɚɫɵɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 0.00175 ɝ/ɫɦ3, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ
ɢɡ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 200-400 ɧɚ 10-20 ɧɦ. ɇɄɐ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ I ɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɋɉ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɇɄɐ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɨɥɭɨɥɚ ɇɄɐ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɆɄɐ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɈȼɕȿ ɄȺɌɂɈɇɂɌɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə ɂ
ȽɅɂɐɂȾɂɅɆȿɌȺɄɊɂɅȺɌȺ
Ȼ.Ʉ. Ʉɚɥɢɟɜɚ, ȿ.ȿ. ȿɪɝɨɠɢɧ, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɤɬɟɧɨɜ, Ƚ.Ʉ. Ʉɚɛɭɥɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɢɦ.Ⱥ.Ȼ.Ȼɟɤɬɭɪɨɜɚ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɨ- ɢ
ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ ɢɡ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɞɟɲɟɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɯɥɨɩɤɚ, ɩɲɟɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɢ
ɤɚɦɵɲɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ 31,7-96,0% ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɢ ɝɥɢɰɢɞɢɥɦɟɬɚɤɪɢɥɚɬɚ (ȽɆȺ) ɜ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
130
ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ȽɆȺ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɯɥɨɩɤɚ, ɩɲɟɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɨɦɵ
ɢ ɤɚɦɵɲɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɨ- ɢɥɢ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ȽɆȺ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɩɪɨɞɢɤɬɨɜɚɧɨ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ ɫɟɬɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɵɥɢ
ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
(ɋɈȿ) ɫɟɪɨ- ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,5–
3,0 ɢ 2,2–7,2 ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ/ɝ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɋɈȿ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɚ ɄɎ-7, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɯɥɨɪɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɮɢɪɚ ɜɢɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɜɢɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɢ
ɞɢɜɢɧɢɥɛɟɧɡɨɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 4,6 ɦɝ-ɷɤɜ/ɝ). Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɋɈȿ, ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɨ- ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɲɟɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɁȺɓɂɌȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɈɌ ȼɇȿɒɇɂɏ ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂɃ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜ, Ƚ.ɂ. ɐɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.ɂ. əɝɨɞɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ʌɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ: ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɥɚɤɨɦ, ɩɪɨɩɢɬɤɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɟɨɡɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɤɨɣ
ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɤɚɦɢ. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢ 200-240ºɋ. ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 20 – 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ: ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɧɚ 12% ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ. ɉɪɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɲɩɩɚɤɥɟɜɤɭ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɤɭ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɵɦ
ɦɚɫɥɨɦ. ɍ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
Ȼɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɍɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɩɢɬɤɚ ɫɵɪɵɦ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɵɦ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɢ. Ʌɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɵɦ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ. ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɛɢɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ,
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɯ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɱɬɨ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɇɚ ɷɬɭ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɩɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ 2 375 269 «ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ».
131
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɕ ɎɈɋɎɈɊɂɅɂɊɍɘɓȿȽɈ ȺȽȿɇɌȺ ɇȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋ
ɎɈɋɎɈɊɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
ȿ.ȼ. Ʌɚɝɭɬɤɢɧɚ
Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ
[email protected]
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ (ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɵɯ) ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ - ɮɨɫɮɨɪ, ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ – ɮɨɫɮɨɪ.
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɹɬɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɷɬɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ
ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɤɚɤ
ɞɟɡɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚɦɢ ɬɪɟɯ- ɢ ɩɹɬɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ, ɝɟɤɫɚɷɬɢɥɬɪɢɚɦɢɞɨɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɦ. ɉɨ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɫɬɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ: ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞ.
ɂɡ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɹɬɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬ. ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɂɄ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɚɦɢɞɚ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ
ɢ ɩɟɪɟɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ
ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɥɢɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ.
ȻɂɈɊȺɁɅȺȽȺȿɆɕȿ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɌɕ - ɋɈɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɕ
ɉɈɅɂɉɊɈɉɂɅȿɇȺ/ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɇȺə ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇȺ
ɘ.Ʉ. Ʌɭɤɚɧɢɧɚ1, ɇ.ɇ. Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɏɜɚɬɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʌɢɯɚɱɟɜ2, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɩɨɜ1
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ȼɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ ɇ.Ɇ.ɗɦɚɧɭɷɥɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ – ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɦɭɤɢ – ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɚɪɤɢ “ɉɨɥɢɰɟɥɥ ɉɐ” ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ
ɛɢɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ ɫ ɛɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɰɟɩɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ.
132
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɹɫɶ ɩɨ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɨɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɫɦɟɫɟɜɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ – ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɜ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ, ɞɟɮɟɤɬɧɵɯ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɩɨɧɢɠɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɦɟɫɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɞɨɪɨɠɚɧɢɸ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ.
ɆɂɄɊɈ- ɂ ɇȺɇɈɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɌɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɋ NAɆɈɇɌɆɈɊɂɅɅɈɇɂɌɈɆ
ɂ.ɋ. Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ1, Ʌ.Ʉ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɟɛɪɨɜ1, ȿ.ȼ. Ɇɚɬɭɯɢɧɚ2, ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɭɥɢɱɢɯɢɧ1
1 - ɂɇɏɋ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɆɉȽɍ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ Na-ɦɨɧɬɦɨɪɢɥɥɨɧɢɬɚ
(Cloisite Na+), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ (Ɇ1Cloisite Na+) ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɞɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɚɤɬɨɢɞɨɜ
(40-50 ɧɦ) - (Ɇ2Cloisite Na+).
Ȼɢɨɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɢ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ Cloisite Na+
ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ Cloisite Na+ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɞɨɧɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
N-ɦɟɬɢɥɦɨɪɮɨɥɢɧ-N-ɨɤɫɢɞɟ (ɆɆɈ).
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɊɋȺ, ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ («ɬɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ» ĺ ɜɹɡɤɨɬɟɤɭɱɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ĺ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ)
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɆɆɈ ɫ ɝɥɢɧɨɣ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɩɨɥɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ «ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ» ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɥɢɧɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɦɟɫɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ Cloisite Na+ ɢ Ɇ2Cloisite Na+. ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ
ɆɆɈ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɦɟɠɫɥɨɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɛɢɫɥɨɣɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ Cloisite Na+ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ 3-ɯ ɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɣɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɜ Ɇ1Cloisite Na+ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɢɧɬɟɪɤɚɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɝɥɢɧɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɮɨɥɢɚɰɢɢ.
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɨɞɧɨɨɫɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɟ ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɊɋȺ:
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɟ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫ,
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɡɚ ɦɟɠɫɥɨɟɜɭɸ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɟ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɭɡɢɢ.
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɚɧɢɡɨɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ,
133
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ 2D ɦɟɡɨɮɚɡɵ ɤɨɥɨɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ
ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ Na-ɦɨɧɬɦɨɪɢɥɥɨɧɢɬɚ (<0,1%) ɜ 3-4 ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅɖɇɈ
ȻɂɈɊȺɁɅȺȽȺȿɆɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɃ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɈɅɂɗɌɂɅȿɇȺ ɂ
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈ ɄɊȺɏɆȺɅȺ
Ɋ.Ɂ. Ɇɭɫɢɧ1, Ɏ.Ɋ. Ƚɚɪɢɟɜɚ2, ȼ.ɂ. Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ2, ɇ.ɇ. ȼɚɥɟɟɜɚ2, Ʌ.Ɋ. Ɋɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɢɧɚ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ, ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɫ ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɦ ɤɚɥɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ, ɫɷɜɢɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɧɚ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɭɞɟɪɟ «Ɍɚɣɫɨɧ» ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 1 ɦɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɫɫɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ, ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɪɭɩɤɢɦɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɮɨɬɨɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɧɹɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɛ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɯɪɭɩɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɮɨɬɨɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɭɞɟɪɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɢɡ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ȻɂɈɄ-ȾɅ 3,6,10,16,17,18 ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɵɜɚ ɢ
ɫɩɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ - ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɯɪɭɩɤɢɦɢ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ȻɂɈɄ-ȾɅ 1,12,14 ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 4-5 ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ȻɂɈɄ-ȾɅ 1,2,12
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɪɭɩɤɢɦɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ 1,5-2 ɪɚɡɚ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ
ɜɨɞɨɣ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɢɡ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɉɗȼȾ ɢ ɢɡ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ȻɂɈɄ-ȾɅ 1,2, ɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ȻɂɈɄ-ȾɅ 4 ɢ 5 ɨɧɚ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɤɪɨɦɟ
ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɉɗȼȾ ɢ ȻɂɈɄ-ȾɅ 5. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ, ɚ ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɉɗȼȾ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɥɟɧɤɟ ɟɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
134
ȻɂɈɄ-ȾɅ 1, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ,
ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ ɢɡ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɉɗȼȾ.
ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂə ɈɊȽȺɇɈɋɈɅɖȼȿɇɌɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȼ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɂ ɋ
ɉɅȺɋɌɆȺɋɋȺɆɂ
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, Ɋ.Ƚ. Ⱥɥɢɟɜ, ɗ.ɉ. Ɍɟɪɟɧɬɶɟɜɚ, ɇ.Ʉ. ɍɞɨɜɟɧɤɨ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɩɨɥɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɜɚɪɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ – ɜɨɞɚ - ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 35:35:30 ɨɛ. %. ɂɡ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ,
ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɫ
ɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ (ɩɟɧɨɩɥɚɫɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɨɜɨɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɮɟɧɨɥɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ,
ɨɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ) ɢ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɨɣ ɗȾ-20.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ. Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɬɢɥɟɧ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ: 100 ɦɚɫ. ɱ. ɬɢɥɟɧɚ – 5 – 30 ɦɚɫ. ɱ. ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ɋɦɟɫɶ ɨɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 100-180 ɨɋ, ɜɪɟɦɹ – 1,5 ɱɚɫɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ.
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɢɥɟɧɚ,
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɧɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ.
Ʉɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɵɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɯ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɚ, ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɨ 145%
ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɟ. ɋɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 7-12% ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ 5-7 ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ
ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɗȾ-20. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɨ 10 ɦɚɫ. ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɟ.
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɨɣ ɢ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ,
ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɩɥɚɜɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɟ.
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 1020% ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɨɧɧɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
135
ɂɆɉɍɅɖɋɇɈ-ȼɈɅɇɈȼɕȿ ɆȿɏȺɇɈɌȿɊɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ
ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȻɂɈɄɈɅɅɈɂȾɇɕɏ ɆȺɌɊɂɐ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ
ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ȾɅə ɇȺɇɈɑȺɋɌɂɐ ɆȿɌȺɅɅɈȼ
ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɞɨɯɢɧ, ɇ.ȿ. Ʉɨɱɤɢɧɚ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ȼɟɧɟɞɢɤɬɨɜ, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ-ɬɟɦɩɥɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ-ɬɟɦɩɥɚɬɨɜ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ (ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ) ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ: ɛɥɨɤ –
ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ, ɞɟɧɞɪɢɦɟɪɵ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɟ ɩɥɺɧɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɧɵɣ
ɝɟɥɶ-ɉȺȼ. ȼɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ-ɬɟɦɩɥɚɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ: ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ, ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚɯ-ɬɟɦɩɥɚɬɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ, ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ.
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ.
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɢɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɢɤɪɨɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ.
ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨ-ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ
ɭɥɶɬɪɚɦɢɤɪɨɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɫɟɛɹ
ɤɚɤ ɞɢɥɚɬɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɥɟɣɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɚɧɭɥ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ,- ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɺɧ ɢɯ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɵ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ-ɬɟɦɩɥɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ). Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ-ɬɟɦɩɥɚɬɵ ɫ
«ɬɨɧɤɨ» ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ-ɬɟɦɩɥɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ
ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ.
136
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɕȿ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂə
ɄȺɊȻɈɅɂɇɈȼɕɏ ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɈȼ ɋ ɉȿɊȿɏɈȾɇɕɆɂ ɆȿɌȺɅɅȺɆɂ
ɇ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɪɩɢɟɜ1, Ɂ.ɑ. Ʉɚɞɢɪɨɜɚ2
1 - ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇɢɪɡɨ ɍɥɭɝɛɟɤɚ
2 - Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
[email protected]
Ʉɚɪɛɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ d-ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ (Zn(II), Co(II),
Mn(II), Mo(VI), Cr(VI)) c ȕ-ɤɚɪɛɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚɦɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ
Peganum Harmala.
Ƚɚɪɦɢɧ(GRN)
Ƚɚɪɦɚɥɢɧ (GLN)
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɂɄ, ɉɆɊ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ȼ ɂɄɋ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ
Q(NH) ɢ Q(Cɇ) ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 3400-3100 ɫɦ-1. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɞɜɢɝ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ Q(ɋ=N), Q(ɋ=ɋ) ɩɪɢ |1600-1500 ɫɦ-1. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ GRN ɞɭɛɥɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 1627, 1565 ɫɦ-1 ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɢɩɥɟɬ, ɚ
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ GLN ɬɪɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 1626, 1566, 1542 ɫɦ-1
ɭɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɞɭɛɥɟɬ. ȼ ɉɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɞɢɚɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ Zn(II) ɢ
Mo(VI) ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɚɛɨɩɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ
ɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (ɋH3-C=N-), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ Ʉɋɋȼ ɤɚɪɛɨɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɚ
ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɲɟɫɬɢɱɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɊɆ3 ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ, ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɝɚɪɦɚɥɢɧɚ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ
ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɥɟɣɤɨɡɚ
Ʉ562, ɪɚɤɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ MCF-7, ɬɨɥɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɇɋɌ116 ɢ ɹɢɱɧɢɤɚ CaOv. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ
3 ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɜɚ “ɥɢɞɟɪɧɵɯ” ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɜɲɢɯ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ (50%-ɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ 6-12 ɦɤɆ
ɩɨɫɥɟ 72 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ).
ɅɂȽɇɂɇ - ɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɇɕȿ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɕ
ɘ.ɇ. ɋɚɡɚɧɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɛɚɧɨɜ1, ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɭɬɨɜ2, Ɇ.ə. Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ȼɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ Ʌɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɟɺ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ
137
ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ
ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ – ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ. Ʉ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
(ɫɨɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɜ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɛɥɨɤ-, ɩɪɢɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ
ɫɟɬɤɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɰɟɩɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɯ).
Ʉɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɥɢɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɤɢɟ ɫɲɢɜɤɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɦɨɥɚɦɢ
(ɎɎɋ, ɤɚɪɛɚɦɢɞɧɨɣ, ɦɟɥɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ, ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɣ) ɢ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɨɥɟɮɢɧɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɍɋɅɈȼɂɃ ɄȺȼɂɌȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə ɇȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋ
ȽɍɆɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ɌɈɊɎȺ ȼ ȼɈȾɇɈɆ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊȿ ȺɆɆɂȺɄȺ
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɹɤ, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ⱦɭɞɤɢɧ, Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɏɚɯɪɟɬɞɢɧɨɜɚ
ɘɝɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɏɚɧɬɵ-Ɇɚɧɫɢɣɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɪɮ, ɛɭɪɵɣ ɭɝɨɥɶ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ
ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ,
ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ,
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɦɦɨɧɨɥɢɡɚ
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɡɦɚ ɚɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɦɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɪɮɚ
ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɦɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ,
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɶ. ȼ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 53%.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ «ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ»
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɂɄ- ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ əɆɊ ɇ1ɋ13ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ «ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ» ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɐɉ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ» (ɝɨɫɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ʋɉ2446).
138
ȽɂȾɊɈɄɋɂɗɌɂɅɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ ɂɈɇɈȽȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ
ȿ.ȼ. ɍɞɨɪɚɬɢɧɚ1, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɪɥɨɩɨɜ1, ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɪɨɡɞ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ƚɟɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɊȺɆɇ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɨɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ (ȽɈɗɂɉ), ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɚɦɢɧɧɵɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɨɥɢɝɨɦɟɪɵ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɤɫɢɞɚ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɨɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȽɈɗɂɉ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ 0,8-2,0 ɢ ɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɥɢɝɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.
O
RO
OSO3Na
RO
O
O
OR
OR
O
H2C
R = -H, -SO3Na
OH
O
HO
O
NH2
R = -H, -SO3Na, -(CH2CH2O)nH
H2C
NH2
HO
O
O
OH
O(CH2CH2O)nH
O
O
OSO3Na
O
RO
Hn(OH2CH2C)O
O
O
OSO 3Na
OSO 3Na
O
RO
O
CH2
O
CH2
OR
O
O
RO
O
NHR
O
O
RO
O
NHR
OR
R = -H, -(OCH2CH2)n
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ-, əɆɊ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɝɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ.
139
ɎɂɁɂɄɈ-ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ
ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ, ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɊɂ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȿ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɅȿɋȺ
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɋȼȿɊɏɄɊɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɎɅɘɂȾɇɈɃ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɂ
ȼ.Ɏ. ɍɪɶɹɲ1, Ⱥ.ȿ. Ƚɪɭɡɞɟɜɚ2, ȼ.ɇ. Ʌɚɪɢɧɚ1, ɇ.ɘ. Ʉɨɤɭɪɢɧɚ1, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɏɚɦɢɧɫɤɚɹ1,
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɍɪɶɹɲ3, ɂ.ɇ. Ʉɚɥɚɲɧɢɤɨɜ1
1 - ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɂ. Ʌɨɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɈɈɈ «Ƚɪɚɧɞɷ», ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of Research, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
[email protected]
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ȻȺȼ) ɢɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɟɫɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɝɚɡɚɦɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ
ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ». ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 80-550 Ʉ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ
(ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ, ɫɬɟɤɥɨɜɚɧɢɟ) ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɋɈ2-ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ
ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɩɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɋɈ2-ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɨɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ ɢɡ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɚɧɬɢɚɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɬɢɚɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɝɢɩɟɪɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɢ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɞɢɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɋɈ2 –
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɂɡ ɋɈ2-ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɤɨɪɵ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧ ɞɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ 99.5 ɦɚɫ.%
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ (ɋ30ɇ50Ɉ2) – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɟ ȻȺȼ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɟɧɬɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɭɩɚɧɚ. Ɉɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɟ,
ɠɟɥɱɟɝɨɧɧɨɟ, ɝɚɫɬɪɨ- ɢ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɟ (1.678 ɝ ɋ30ɇ50Ɉ2 ɧɚ 100 ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ 23.2ɨɋ), ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɬɭ ʋ08-03-97052
ɪ_ɩɨɜɨɥɠɶɟ_ɚ.
ȻɂɈɊȺɁɅȺȽȺȿɆɕȿ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɈɅɂɗɌɂɅȿɇȺ ɂ
ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɏɜɚɬɨɜ1, ɘ.Ʉ. Ʌɭɤɚɧɢɧɚ1, ɇ.ɇ. Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɩɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʌɢɯɚɱɟɜ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ȼɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ ɇ.Ɇ.ɗɦɚɧɭɷɥɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ: ɜɫɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɉɗɇɉ) ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
(ɫɨɟɜɨɣ ɦɭɤɢ, ɞɪɨɛɢɧɵ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ). Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
140
ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɵ) ɧɚ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɸ
ɫɦɟɫɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ,
ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɸ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
(ɪɨɫɬ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ) ɢ ɤ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬ
ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ: ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ (ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ) ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ – ɤ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɦɭ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ, ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɗɇɉ.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ɋɆɈɅəɇɕɏ ɄɂɋɅɈɌ
ɌȺɅɅɈȼɈɃ ɄȺɇɂɎɈɅɂ ɂ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɂɏ ȼ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ȻɍɆȺȽɂ ɂ
ɄȺɊɌɈɇȺ
ɇ.ȼ. ɑɟɪɧɚɹ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɨɫɬɸɤɟɜɢɱ
ȻȽɌɍ
[email protected]
ɋɦɨɥɹɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɚɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɟɢ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɌɆ ɢ ɀɆ ɢ ɤɥɟɟɜɚɹ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɹ
Sacocell-309) ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɢ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ (ɉɆɋɄɌɄ) ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɢɡ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɝɨɦɨɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ (ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɬɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ 2500–4500 ɧɦ) ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɚɞɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɩɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɬɨɜ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (Ȼɋȼɏȼ) ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ (ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ
180–220 ɧɦ) ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ (ɞɡɟɬɚ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ +30
ɞɨ+50 ɦȼ) ɩɟɩɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɉɆɋɄɌɄ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ – ɦɨɧɨɷɮɢɪɚɦɢ ɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚ ɢ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɋ12–ɋ18 ɢɥɢ ɦɨɧɨɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɨɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ
ɫɬɚɞɢɹ «ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ» ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɟɞɤɢɦ ɧɚɬɪɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɉɆɋɄɌɄ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɟɞɤɢɦ ɧɚɬɪɨɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɉɆɋɄɌɄ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɟɜ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɌɆȼɋ-2 ɢ ɌɆȺɋ-3,
ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɪɇ 4,8–5,5). ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɭɸ (30–40%) ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ
ɤɚɡɟɢɧɚɬɨɦ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɟ ɉɆɋɄɌɄ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɥɟɟɜ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɌɆȼɋ-2ɇ ɢ ɌɆȺɋ-3ɇ, ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɪɇ 6,5–7,2). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɣɤɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɚɞɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
141
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ Ȼɋȼɏȼ, ɤɚɤ «ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ – ɫɥɚɛɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ
ȼɨɞɚɦɢɧ-115», «ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɚɤɪɢɥɚɦɢɞ – ɚɧɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɛɟɧɬɨɧɢɬɚ»,
«ɚɧɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɚɤɪɢɥɚɦɢɞ – ɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɫɨɥɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ».
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɢ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɚɞɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɤɥɟɟɜɭɸ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɸ Sacocell-309 ɢ ɫɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɶ
20–40% ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɜ 1,5–2,0 ɪɚɡɚ.
ɂɋɄɍɋɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ȽɊȺɎɂɌ ɂɁ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ɂ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ
ȿȽɈ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
Ⱦ.ɂ. ɑɟɪɧɨɛɪɨɜɤɢɧɚ1, Ɉ.ȼ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ2, Ʌ.ɇ. Ɉɥɶɲɚɧɫɤɚɹ3, ɋ.ɋ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ3
1 - Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɝ. Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɀɟɥɟɡɧɨɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɥɢɚɥ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɝ. ɀɟɥɟɡɧɨɜɨɞɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɝ. ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɬ (ɂȽɅ) ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (ȽɅ)
ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚɰɢɟɣ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɂȽɅ,
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ ȽɅ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ȽɅ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ
ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ
ɩɪɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂȽɅ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɬ
ɬɢɝɟɥɶɧɵɣ ȽɌ, ɝɪɚɮɢɬ ɬɢɝɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ȽɌɈɋɑ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɥɨɡɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɬ
(ȽɋɆ-1); ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɤɫɚ ɢ ɩɟɤɚ (ɂȽ); ɬɟɪɦɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ
ɝɪɚɮɢɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ȽɌɈɋɑ (ɌɊȽ).
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɤɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɂȽɅ:
ɛɢɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ (ȻȽɅ) ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɤɚɥɹɬ ɥɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɂȽɅ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ȻȽɅ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ (ɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɸ), ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɌɊȽɅ) ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 2-4 ɝ/ɞɦ3.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɂȽɅ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɤɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɝɪɚɮɢɬɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ (720 ȼɬ˜ɱ/ɤɝ) ɞɥɹ ɥɢɬɢɣ-ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɟɪɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵ ɫ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚɦɢ ɂȽɅ ɢ ɌɊȽɅ. ɋɟɪɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵ ɫ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ ɌɊȽɅ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɡɚɪɹɞɧɨ-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵ ɫ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ ɌɊȽ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ
ȽɌɈɋɑ (482 ɢ 270 ɦɄɥ/ɫɦ2 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ).
142
ȾɂɁȺɃɇ ɂ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɂ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ
ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɅɉɄ
ȻɂɈɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɆȺɇɇɈɁɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁȺɌɈȼ ɂɁ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ȿ.ɉ. Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧɚ, Ɉ.ɋ. Ʉɨɪɧɟɟɜɚ, ɂ.ȼ. ɑɟɪɟɦɭɲɤɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ƚɥɭɳɟɧɤɨ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ" ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɚ
ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɨɮɥɨɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɜ.
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɩɪɟɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɛɭɞɭɱɢ
ɧɟɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɜ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ,
ɝɞɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɪɦɨɮɥɨɪɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɥɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɮɢɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ – ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. Ʉ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
ɦɚɧɧɨɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ – ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞ ɦɚɧɧɨɡɭ.
ȼ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɧɧɨɡɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ ɢ ɦɚɧɧɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɧɧɚɧɨɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɏɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɧɧɚɧɨɜ,
ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 12 %, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ.
ɇɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɨɪɧɵɯ
ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ (ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɧɧɨɡɵ) ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ Ɏɐɉ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɧɧɚɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɡɚɹɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ʋ 2008149923 ɨɬ 18.12.2008), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɝɥɸɤɨɦɚɧɧɚɧɵ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɦɚɧɧɚɧɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ, ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ, ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɦɚɧɧɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɪɟɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ȕ-ɦɚɧɧɚɧɚɡɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɦɚɧɧɚɧɨɜ 92 – 94 %. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ
ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɧɧɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɧɧɨɡɵ ɢɥɢ
ɦɚɧɧɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɞɢɟɬɭ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɞɢɫɛɢɨɡɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɇɈȼ
ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɆɂ ɋȺɉɈɇɂɇȺɆɂ ɋȿɆȿɃɋɌȼȺ ȺɊȺɅɂȿȼɕɏ
ɋ.ɇ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ1, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɶ1, ɋ.ɇ. ɋɭɲɤɨɜɚ1, Ʌ.Ⱥ. əɤɨɜɢɲɢɧ2,
ɇ.ɂ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ1
1 - ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɘɎɍ, Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɶ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɞɧɢɯ
ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɪɚɥɢɟɜɵɯ
143
(Araliaceae Juss.) – ɷɬɨ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɵ D-ɯɟɞɟɪɢɧ (ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞ 1) ɢ ɯɟɞɟɪɚɤɨɡɢɞ ɋ
(ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞ 2).[1]
30
29
20
12
O
28
16
OH
3
O
HO
O
C
COOR
Cl2HC
9
1
H2C
O
C
HC
24
OH
NH CH
27
OH
23
NH
CH3
O
OH
O
H3C
HO
HO
H2N
OH
SO2 NH2
NO2
OH
ɋɬɪɟɩɬɨɰɢɞ
Ʌɟɜɨɦɢɰɟɬɢɧ
ɉɚɪɚɰɟɬɚɦɨɥ
1: R=ɇ; 2: R=mEGlcp-(6m1)-EGlcp-(4m1)-DRhap
ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɫ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɩɪɟɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɞɢɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɫ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɰɢɞɨɦ, ɥɟɜɨɦɢɰɟɬɢɧɨɦ, ɩɚɪɚɰɟɬɚɦɨɥɨɦ.
ɉɨ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
(ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ
ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɟɟɣ)
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɰɢɞɨɦ
ɢ
ɯɟɞɟɪɚɤɨɡɢɞɨɦ ɋ (2). ȼ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚ 2 ɢ ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɰɢɞɚ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ
ɩɢɤɢ ɞɜɭɡɚɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫ m/z 1325.01 ɢ 1423.03,
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɞɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɞɧɭ ɢ ɞɜɟ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɚ [2ɆSp2+ɆStr+K-3ɇ]-2 ɢ [2ɆSp2+2ɆStr+K+ɇ2Ɉ-3ɇ]-2 ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
18,29% ɢ 9,85% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɦ 1 ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɟɜɨɦɢɰɟɬɢɧɚ.
ȼ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɩɢɤ m/z 1071.66 ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
7.42%, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɞɟɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚ 2 ɢ
ɥɟɜɨɦɢɰɟɬɢɧɚ [ɆSp2+ɆLev-ɇ]-1.ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚɦɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɩɚɪɚɰɟɬɚɦɨɥ. Ʉɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚ 1, ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚ 2 ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɚɛɨɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ
ɩɢɤɢ ɞɟɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɰɟɬɚɦɨɥɨɦ m/z 900,48 (0,34%) [ɆSp1+ɆParc-ɇ]1
ɢ m/z 1370.59 (0,58%) [ɆSp2+ɆParc-ɇ]-1 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ «ɯɨɡɹɢɧ ɝɨɫɬɶ» ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɞɢɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɮɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɪɚɥɢɟɜɵɯ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɨɧɞɚ CRDF (ɋɒȺ) ɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ ɩɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨ-ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ
ɲɤɨɥɵ» Ɋɨɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ Ɋɇɉ 2.2.2.2.3915, BP3C04, BP4M04, BG0104).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Ʌ.Ⱥ. əɤɨɜɢɲɢɧ, ɇ.ɂ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ, Ɇ.ɂ. Ɋɭɞɧɟɜ, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɂ. Ƚɪɢɲɤɨɜɟɰ. // ɏɢɦɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. 2010. (ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ)
ɆȺɋɋ-ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɆȿɌɊɂə ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ɌɊɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ ȽɅɂɄɈɁɂȾɈȼ
(ɏȿȾȿɊɈȽȿɇɂɇɈȼ) ɋ ȺɆɂɇɈɄɂɋɅɈɌȺɆɂ
ɋ.ɇ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɶ1, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ1, Ʌ.Ⱥ. əɤɨɜɢɲɢɧ2, ɇ.ɂ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ1
1 - ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɘɎɍ, Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɶ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
[email protected]
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɪɚɥɢɟɜɵɯ
(Araliaceae Juss.) –ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚ D-ɯɟɞɟɪɢɧ (ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞ 1) ɢ ɯɟɞɟɪɚɤɨɡɢɞɚ ɋ (ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞ 2)
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɤ
ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.[1] ɇɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ
144
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɜ 1 ɢ 2 ɫ ɧɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ (ɬɪɢɩɬɨɮɚɧɨɦ,
ɮɟɧɢɥɚɥɚɧɢɧɨɦ), ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ (ɬɢɪɨɡɢɧɨɢ, ɝɢɫɬɢɞɢɧɨɦ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɚɦɢɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɪɢɧɚ (ɚɞɟɧɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɭɚɧɢɧɨɦ).
30
O
29
20
O
OH
OH
12
NH2
28
16
OH
O
24
Ɍɪɢɩɬɨɮɚɧ
9
1
3
O
HO
27
O
OH
OH
Ɏɟɧɢɥɚɥɚɧɢɧ
O
23
O
H
N
NH2
O
H3C
HO
NH2
NH
COOR
HO
N
OH
NH2
Ɍɢɪɨɡɢɧ
Ƚɢɫɬɢɞɢɧ
1:R=H;
2:R=mEGlcp-(6m1)-EGlcp-(4m1)-DRhap
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɸ ɬɢɪɨɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɮɟɧɢɥɚɥɚɧɢɧɚ
ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ 4. ȼ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ.
ȼ ɪɹɞɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɦ 2 ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɫɥɚɛɨɟ (ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɢɤɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ 2%) ɡɚ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɫɬɢɞɢɧɚ, ɝɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ 28,2%. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɦ 2
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ (ɯɨɡɹɢɧ:ɝɨɫɬɶ) 1:1.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚ 1. Ɍɚɤ ɜ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɩɢɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɚɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞ 2 ɫ
ɬɢɪɨɡɢɧɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ «ɯɨɡɹɢɧ-ɝɨɫɬɶ» 1:1 (18,96 %), 2:1 (0,83 %), 3:1 (0,03%).
ɇɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɬɪɢɩɬɨɮɚɧ ɢ ɮɟɧɢɥɚɥɚɧɢɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɞɜɭɡɚɪɹɞɧɵɟ
ɚɧɢɨɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ «ɯɨɡɹɢɧ-ɝɨɫɬɶ» 1:1 ɢ 4:2 ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ 9 % ɢ 0,3%
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɦ 1 ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ,
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ȾɇɄ, ɊɇɄ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɨɧɞɚ CRDF (ɋɒȺ) ɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ ɩɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨ-ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ
ɲɤɨɥɵ» Ɋɨɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ Ɋɇɉ 2.2.2.2.3915, BP3C04, BP4M04, BG0104).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ʌ.Ⱥ. əɤɨɜɢɲɢɧ, ɇ.ɂ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ, Ɇ.ɂ. Ɋɭɞɧɟɜ, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɂ. Ƚɪɢɲɤɨɜɟɰ. // ɏɢɦɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. 2010.(ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ)
HO
OH
ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺ ɅɂɋɌɖȿȼ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ ɉɈȼɂɋɅɈɃ BETULA
PENDULA ROTH
Ⱦ.ɇ. ȼɟɞɟɪɧɢɤɨɜ, ȼ.ɂ. Ɋɨɳɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ
[email protected]
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ (Ⱦɗɗ) (8,1%) ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɩɨɜɢɫɥɨɣ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɢ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɪɚɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ, ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɞɢɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɷɮɢɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɦɟɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ. ɂɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɛɵɥɢ
145
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɟɬɪɨɥɟɣɧɨɦ ɷɮɢɪɟ (ɉɗɗ) (6,6% ɨɬ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ). ɂɡ
ɭɩɚɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜɵɩɚɥ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ (11% ɨɬ ɉɗɗ). ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɉɗ ɛɵɥɢ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ «ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ» ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɇȼ) (80% ɨɬ ɉɗɗ) ɢ «ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (9% ɨɬ
ɉɗɗ). Ɉɫɬɚɬɨɤ Ⱦɗɗ (1,5% ɨɬ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ) ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ «ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ» ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (26% ɨɬ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ Ⱦɗɗ), «ɫɥɚɛɵɟ» (59% ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ Ⱦɗɗ) ɢ «ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ» (15% ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ Ⱦɗɗ)
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
Ɉɫɚɞɨɤ ɉɗɗ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɨɜ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɉɗɗ
ɢ «ɫɥɚɛɵɯ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬ Ⱦɗɗ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɚɹ, ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɢ ɩɚɥɶɦɢɬɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ «ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬ Ⱦɗɗ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɚɪɚ-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɚɹ, ɤɭɦɚɪɨɜɚɹ,
ɧɨɧɚɧɞɢɨɣɤɨɜɚɹ, ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧɨɜɚɹ, ɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɚɹ, ɞɟɤɚɧɞɢɨɣɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɮɟɨɮɨɪɛɢɞ ɚ. ȼ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɇȼ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ: ɚɥɤɚɧɵ (ɋ23ɇ48, ɋ25ɇ52, ɋ27ɇ56, ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɵ,
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ,
ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ: ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɨɥɵ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɭɦɭɥɟɧɚ, ɚɰɟɬɚɬɵ
ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ, ɤɭɦɚɪɚɬɵ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ, ɴͲɫɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧ,
ɰɢɬɪɨɫɬɚɞɢɟɧɨɥ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɷɮɢɪ 24-ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɰɢɤɥɨɚɪɬɚɧɨɥɚ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɦɨɧɨ-, ɞɢ- ɢ ɬɪɢɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɨɜ. Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ, ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɚɥɶɦɢɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɚɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɟɦ: ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ: ɬɟɬɪɚ-, ɝɟɤɫɚ- ɢ ɨɤɬɚɤɨɡɚɧɚɥɢ, ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ: ɋ22ɇ45Ɉɇ, ɋ24ɇ49Ɉɇ,
ɋ26ɇ53Ɉɇ; ɋ28ɇ57Ɉɇ, ɮɢɬɨɥ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɛɟɬɭɥɚɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ, ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɵ, ɬɨɤɨɮɟɪɨɥ. ȼ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɇȼ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɷɮɢɪɨɦ, ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥ «ɚ». ȼ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɱɤɚɦɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɞɢɨɥɨɜ. ȼ
ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɢ ɞɢɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɵ:
(1R,5R,6R,9S)-5,6-ɞɢɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢ-11,11-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ-4,8 –ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[7.2.0]ɭɧɞɟɤɚɧ ɢ
(1R,5R,6R,9S)-5,6-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-11,11-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ8
–ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[7.2.0]ɭɧɞɟɰ-3-ɟɧ.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ əɆɊ1ɇ, 13ɋ, ɂɄ, ɍɎ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ,
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ.
ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺ ɄɈɊɄɂ ȼȿɌɈɄ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ ɉɈȼɂɋɅɈɃ BETULA
PENDULA ROTH
Ⱦ.ɇ. ȼɟɞɟɪɧɢɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ɋ. ɏɨɪɨɦɫɤɚɹ, ȼ.ɂ. Ɋɨɳɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ
[email protected]
Ɍɨɧɤɢɟ ɜɟɬɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ – ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ (70,6%),
ɥɭɛ (16,2%) ɢ ɤɨɪɤɭ(13,2%), Ʉɨɪɤɭ ɩɪɨɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɬɪɨɥɟɣɧɵɦ
ɷɮɢɪɨɦ (ɉɗ) ɢ ɞɢɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɷɮɢɪɨɦ (Ⱦɗ). ɉɗ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɇȼ) ɢ «ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ⱦɗ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
(ɇȼ), «ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ» ɢ «ɫɥɚɛɵɟ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɉɗɗ ɤɨɪɤɢ (2,70% ɨɬ ɤɨɪɤɢ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥ 1,96% ɇȼ ɢ
0,74% «ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɇȼ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ: ɚɥɤɚɧɵ
ɋ23ɇ48, ɋ25ɇ52, ɋ27ɇ56, ɫɤɜɚɥɟɧ; ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɵ: ɫɚɧɬɚɥɟɧ, ɛɟɪɝɚɦɨɬɟɧɵ; ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ ɢ
ɤɟɬɨɧɵ: ɛɢɪɤɟɧɚɥɶ, ɬɟɬɪɚ-, ɝɟɤɫɚ-, ɨɤɬɚɤɨɡɚɧɚɥɢ, ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɛɟɬɭɥɨɧɨɜɵɣ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɥɭɩɟɧɨɧ; ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɚ: 6-ɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢ-E-ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ, 14-ɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢE-ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ, ɨɤɫɢɞ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɚ, ɨɤɫɢɞ 14-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɚ,
5E,6Dɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɚ-3, 8(15)-ɞɢɟɧ; ɫɩɢɪɬɵ: ɮɢɬɨɥ, ɬɨɤɨɮɟɪɨɥ, 4-(4-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɮɟɧɢɥ-2ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥ, ɞɨɤɨɡɚɧɨɥ, ɬɟɬɪɚɤɨɡɚɧɨɥ; ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ: ɴͲɚɦɢɪɢɧ, ɥɭɩɟɨɥ, ɴͲ
ɫɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧ, 3ɴͲɫɬɢɝɦɚɫɬɚɧ-3-ɨɥ , 3-ɨɤɫɨ-ɨɥɟɚɧ-28-ɨɥ, 3-ɨɤɫɨ-ɥɭɩɚɧ-28-ɨɥ, ɥɭɩɚɧ-3ɴ,20Ͳ
ɞɢɨɥ,
ɨɥɟɚɧ-3ɴ,28Ͳɞɢɨɥ, ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ;
ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɬɪɢɨɥ - 5ɴ,6ɲ,8ɴͲ
ɬɪɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɤɚɪɢɨɥɚɧ; ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ:
4’,7-ɞɢɦɟɬɨɤɫɢ-5-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ɮɥɚɜɚɧɨɧ,
4’,7ɞɢɦɟɬɨɤɫɢ-5-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ɮɥɚɜɨɧ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ: ɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɟ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: ɝɟɤɫɚɧ-, ɝɟɩɬɚɧ-, ɨɤɬɚɧ-, ɧɨɧɚɧ-, ɷɣɤɨɡɚɧ, ɝɟɧɟɣɤɨɡɚɧ-, ɞɨɤɨɡɚɧɞɢɨɣɤɨɜɵɟ
146
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ; ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: ɤɭɦɚɪɨɜɭɸ, ɮɟɪɭɥɨɜɭɸ, 2, 4-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-3,5,6 ɬɪɢɦɟɬɢɥ
ɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɭɸ,
2,4-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-3,6
ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ
ɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɭɸ
(ɚɬɪɚɪɢɤɨɜɭɸ)
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ;
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: ɚɰɟɬɚɬɵ ɨɥɟɚɧɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɨɥɟɚɧɨɧɨɜɭɸ,
ɛɟɬɭɥɨɧɨɜɭɸ, ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɭɸ, ɨɥɟɚɧɨɥɨɜɭɸ, ɭɪɫɨɥɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ;
ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ:
ɩɚɥɶɦɢɬɢɧɨɜɭɸ, ɷɣɤɨɡɚɧɨɜɭɸ, ɞɨɤɨɡɚɧɨɜɭɸ, ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɭɸ, ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɭɸ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɩɨ 13 ɢ 14% ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ «ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
Ⱦɗɗ ɤɨɪɤɢ (2,88%ɨɬ ɤɨɪɤɢ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥ ɇȼ (0,89 %), «ɫɥɚɛɵɟ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (1,88% ɨɬ ɤɨɪɤɢ) ɢ
«ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (0,11% ɨɬ ɤɨɪɤɢ). ɇȼ Ⱦɗɗ ɤɨɪɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɴͲɫɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧ, ɥɭɩɟɨɥ, 3ɨɤɫɨ-ɨɥɟɚɧ-28-ɨɥ, 3-ɨɤɫɨ-ɥɭɩɚɧ-28-ɨɥ, ɥɭɩɚɧ-3ɴ,20Ͳɞɢɨɥ, ɨɥɟɚɧ-3ɴ,28Ͳɞɢɨɥ, ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ. ȼ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ «ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɨɤɬɚɧɞɢɨɣɤɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɧɨɧɚɧɞɢɨɣɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
«ɫɥɚɛɵɯ» ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɨɥɟɚɧɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɤɭɦɚɪɨɜɭɸ,
ɩɚɥɶɦɢɬɢɧɨɜɭɸ, ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɭɸ, ɨɥɟɢɧɨɜɭɸ, ɨɥɟɚɧɨɥɨɜɭɸ, ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɉɗɗ ɢ
Ⱦɗɗ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥ, ɚ ɉɗɗ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɮɟɥɥɨɞɟɪɦɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɪɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɜ ɤɨɪɤɭ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɧɤɢɯ ɜɟɬɨɤ
ɧɚ ɥɭɛ ɢ ɤɨɪɤɭ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ əɆɊ1ɇ, 13ɋ, ɂɄ, ɍɎ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɎȺɊɆȺɐȿȼɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɈȼ ɂɁ ɎɂɌɈɋɌȿɊɂɇȺ ɂ
ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ɇ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɧɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ɇ. ɏɨɦɭɬɨɜ, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɜɛɧɹ, Ƚ.ȼ. ɋɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ, ȼ.Ɇ. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɉɭɳɢɧɨ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ. ɇɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ 300 ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɹɞ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢɡ
ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ - ɋ-17-ɤɟɬɨɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ (ɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɟɧɞɢɨɧɚ – ȺȾ ɢ ɟɝɨ 1-ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨ- ɢ 9ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɭ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. Ɇɢɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɞɢɚɬɚɯ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɵɫɹɱɚɦɢ ɬɨɧɧ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɞɢɨɫɝɟɧɢɧ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɞɢɚɫɤɨɪɟɢ – ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ
ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ (ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧ) ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ
(ɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɢɧ) ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɬɚɥɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ (ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ, ɬɚɥɥɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɤ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ ɧɟɨɦɵɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ).
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ- ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ – ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ –
ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɋ-17-ɤɟɬɨɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ.
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
147
ȼɈȾɈɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆȺə ɎɈɊɆȺ ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈɄȼȿɊɐȿɌɂɇȺ ɂ ɋɉɈɋɈȻ ȿȿ
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
Ƚ.Ɂ. Ʉɚɡɢɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ, Ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ, ɗ.ȿ. ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ, Ɍ.ɋ. Ʉɭɯɚɪɟɜɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ʊ 2,3–ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ (ȾȽɄ, ɬɚɤɫɢɮɨɥɢɧ) ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋʊɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɢ
ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ȾȽɄ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɴɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ȾȽɄ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ, ɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ȾȽɄ ɜ
Į– ɢ ȕ–ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɵ (ɐȾ ). ɗɬɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ȾȽɄ : ȕ-ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧ 1 : 1 ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ȾȽɄ (0, 3 ɝ /ɥ) ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ȕ-ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ (18, 5 ɝ /ɥ) ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ (53, 2 ɝ /ɥ). ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ȾȽɄ ɫ ȕ–ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɤɚɦɟɧɬɨɡɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ȾȽɄ.
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ȾȽɄ ɜ
ȕ–ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɟ
ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ȾȽɄ ɫ ȕ–ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɊɋȺ. ( Ɋɢɫ. 1). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɚɜɚɧɨɢɞɚ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɫ Į– ɢ ȕ–ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɚɦɢ.
148
ɉȿɊȺɐɂɅɖɇɕȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈɄȼȿɊɐȿɌɂɇȺ, ɈȻɅȺȾȺɘɓɂȿ
ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈȼɈɋɉɈɅɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖɘ ɂ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕ ɂɏ
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
Ƚ.Ɂ. Ʉɚɡɢɟɜ, Ɍ.ɋ. Ʉɭɯɚɪɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ, Ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ, ɗ.ȿ. ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ:
OH
HO
OH
OH
OH
OR
5R
O
Cl
RO
5 Py
O
- 5 Py*HCl
O
OR
C
O
C
O
R:
C
OR
OR
O
O
C
O
CH 3
;
;
N
O
NO 2
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɵɥ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ 3,3,4,5,7-ɩɟɧɬɚ-0-ɚɰɟɬɢɥɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɚɬɚ-2,3ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (I) ɢ 3,3,4,5,7-ɩɟɧɬɚ-0-n-ɧɢɬɪɨɛɟɧɡɨɚɬɚ-2,3- ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (II) ɢ
3,3,4,5,7-ɩɟɧɬɚ-0-ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɚɬɚ-2,3- ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (III) ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (I̛III)
ɦɵ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɠɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ .
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɩɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɠɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɠɢ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɉɈɅ –
ɞɢɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɬ (ȾɄ) ɢ ɦɚɥɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ (ɆȾȺ) ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ (ɩɟɱɟɧɶ
ɢ ɩɨɱɤɢ) ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɕ, ɈȻɅȺȾȺɘɓɂȿ
ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɌɍȻȿɊɄɍɅȿɁɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖɘ
Ⱦ.ɂ. Ʉɢɹɟɜ, Ƚ.ɘ. Ⱥɤɦɚɥɨɜɚ, Ƚ.Ɋ. Ɋɚɯɦɚɧɛɟɪɞɢɟɜ
Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
[email protected]
Ɍɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɞ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ
149
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɭɸ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ [1].
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ – ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɟɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɚ
ɢɡɨɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɚ) ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɚɰɢɢ ɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦ (ɎȺɉ) ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɎȺɉ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ,
ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɞɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ʉ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɷɮɢɪɚɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚɹ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ (ȼɊȺɐ),
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [2], ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ,
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨ –
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ,
ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɟɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚ
ɩɪɢ ɪɇ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ Ⱥɯɭɧɞɨɜɨɣ ɇ.ɂ. [3], ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɄɈȺ (Ʉɨɷɧɡɢɦɵ) ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚɹ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ
ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ (ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ, ɩɥɟɧɤɢ) ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ.
ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ȼɊȺɐ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɎȺɉ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ
ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ȼɊȺɐ ɢ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɚ ɤ
ȼɊȺɐ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ȼɊȺɐ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɣɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ.
Ɇɟɧɹɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɣɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɚ ȼɊȺɐ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɨ ȼɊȺɐ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɣɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɧɹɬɵ ɂɄ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɦɢ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ
ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɧɹɬɵ ɂɄ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ȼɊȺɐ. Ɉɦɵɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɊȺɐ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ 0,5 N
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɦɟɬɢɥɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɟ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɚɰɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɊȺɐ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 1740 ɫɦ-1
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɤ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦɭ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ȼɊȺɐ.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ȼɊȺɐ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ
ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɚ, ɨɫɚɠɞɚɥɢ ɜ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɟ ɢ ɫɭɲɢɥɢ.
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 293-295 Ʉ, ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɜɚɧɧɵ
1:50.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɱɢɳɚɥɢ ɞɜɭɤɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɟ.
150
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɊȺɐ ɫ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɚ ɜɨ ȼɊȺɐ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɊȺɐ ɫ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɨɦ.
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɫɜ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ
ȼɪɟɦɹ
ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ
ɚɡɨɬɚ, %
ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɚ, %
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɚɥɶɞ.
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ,
Ɋɢɧɝɟɪɚ.
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɦɢɧ.
100ȺȽɁ.
30
14,2
18,0
1,1
3,2
Ɋ
60
18,2
17,1
2,7
6,1
Ɋ
120
35,9
17,8
3,1
8,4
Ɋ
180
43,2
15,6
3,8
10,1
ɇ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ (ɛɨɥɟɟ
40 ɧɚ 100 ȺȽɁ) ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɬɟɪɹɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ Ɋɢɧɝɟɪɚ. ɗɬɨ, ɩɨɜɢɞɢɦɨ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɞɨ 15%) ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɨɦ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50%
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɭ
ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ȼ ɂɄ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɊȺɐ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɨɦ, ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ 1680, 1600, 1560,
1500, 850, 760 ɫɦ-1, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ȼɊȺɐ ɫ ɬɭɛɚɡɢɞɨɦ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ – ɋ = N – ɫɜɹɡɢ (1680 ɫɦ-1).
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɮɬɢɡɢɚɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɭɥɶɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɝɞɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
151
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ȾɈȻȺȼɄɂ Ʉ ɉɂɓȿ ɋ ɉɊɈɌȿɄɌɈɊɇɕɆɂ ɂ
ȾȿɌɈɄɋɂɄɈɐɂɈɇɇɕɆɂ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺɆɂ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɂɁɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɈȼ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ1, ɂ.Ɇ. Ȼɪɚɜɨɜɚ1, Ɉ.ȼ. ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɚ1, ȼ.ȿ. Ȼɨɦɲɬɟɣɧ2, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɂɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɊȺɇ,
ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɈɈɈ ɇɉɐ «Ƚɪɢɧ Ɏɢɬ»
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ
ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɜ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɛɢɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ, ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ
ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɜ
ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ. ɉɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨ-ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ. Ɍɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ (ɫɵɪɶɟ) ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɂɎȺȼ ɊȺɇ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ɍɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɤ
ɩɢɳɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ.
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɋȿɊȿȻɊɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ
ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈ ȺɊȺȻɂɇɈȽȺɅȺɄɌȺɇȺ
ə.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɫɬɵɪɨ1, ȿ.ɇ. Ƚɭɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ2, Ɍ.ȼ. Ƚɚɧɟɧɤɨ1
1 - ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɡɞɪɚɜɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɦ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɚɧɨɡɚɠɢɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. ȼ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ
ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ.
152
ȼ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ in vitro ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɦɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɤɤɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɟ. ɋ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɧɨɡɚɠɢɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ in vivo
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɝɟɥɟɣ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȽɎ ɏI ɢ
ɈɋɌ 91500.05.001-00 «ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ»
ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ: ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɇ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɢɡ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ
ɪɟɤɬɢɮɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ - ɛɟɥɵɣ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɵɣ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ) ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ: ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ (ɦɟɬɚɯɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫ
ɬɨɥɭɢɞɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɝɨɥɭɛɵɦ - ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɫɢɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɢɪɟɧɟɜɭɸ) ɢ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ (ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ - ɛɟɥɵɣ
ɬɜɨɪɨɠɢɫɬɵɣ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ). Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɛɵɥ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɚɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɪɨɞɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɦ ɢ
ɪɚɧɨɡɚɠɢɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɥɟɝɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȺɐɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈɄȼȿɊɐȿɌɂɇȺ
Ɇ.ɋ. Ʉɪɵɦɱɚɤ, Ɍ.ɋ. Ʉɭɯɚɪɟɜɚ, Ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ, ȿ.ɋ. Ƚɚɧɭɲɟɜɢɱ,
ɗ.ȿ. ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɨɥɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɚɰɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɧɨ-ɬɢɩɚ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɲɟ, ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ
(I),
ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ
ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɰɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɵ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɉɟɧɬɚɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚɦɢ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ
ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (60 – 70%). ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɩɨɥɢɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ
ɬɪɟɬɛɭɬɢɥɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɯɥɨɪɫɢɥɚɧɨɦ
ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɢɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ (ɜɵɯɨɞ 55%). Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ.
153
5'
4'
6'
8
HO
O
7
O
2
3'
1'
9
2'
4
5
OH
Ȼ) R1=R2=(CH3)3CSi(CH3)2
OR3
C
OR5
Ȼ) 5.5 (CH3)3CSi(CH3)2Cl
O
C (III),
(II), C15H31
O
OR4
I
O
O
C
O
OR1
Cl
3
OH
Ph
A) 5.5 R
OH
10
6
A) R1=R2=R3=R4=R5, ɝɞɟ R:
OR2
OH
1
(CH3)3C
O
O
O
C (IV), NO2
C
(V), Ph CH2
C
O
(VI), N
C
(VII)
, R3=R4=R5=H (VIII)
ɂɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ Ɉɇ-ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 7 ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚɦɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɪɢ
ɫɢɥɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
7-Ɉɬɪɟɬɛɭɬɢɥɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɫɢɥɢɥ-2,3-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ (ɜɵɯɨɞ 58%).
OH
CH3
H3C
+
H3C
H3C
H3C
CH3
H3C
I
C
Si
Cl
H3C
C
Si
O
O
OH
CH3
OH
CH3
OH
O
IX
ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕ ɊȿɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɇɈɃ ɎȺɁɕ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ
ɄɈɅɅɈɂȾɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ
Ɉ.ɘ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. ɇɨɫɨɜ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɋɵɫɨɟɜɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɗɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ (10-10÷5%).
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɵɣ ɝɪɢɛ ɱɚɝɚ (Inonotus obliquus (Pers.) Pil.).
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɵ ɱɚɝɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ
ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ. Ɋɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɝɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ (10-6÷1%) ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɱɚɝɢ.
Ɋɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɝɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ,
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ
ɝɥɨɛɭɥ
ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɜ,
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ 13-16%. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɝɥɨɛɭɥ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ.
Ɍɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɱɚɝɢ ɧɚ
15%.
ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɝɢ
(ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɺ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ) ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
154
ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɭ. ȼɞɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɝɥɨɛɭɥ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɬɪɨɟ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
– ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɪɨɟ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɪɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɡɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɍȻɄɊɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȼɈȾɕ ȼ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿ ɋɊȿȾɕ ȾɅə
ɋɂɇɌȿɁȺ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ȻȿɌȺ-ɐɂɄɅɈȾȿɄɋɌɊɂɇȺ ɋ ȻɂɈɎɅȺȼɈɇɈɂȾȺɆɂ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɶ, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ, ɋ.ɇ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ, ȿ.ȼ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ, ɇ.ɂ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ
ɇɂɂ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɮɚɪɦɨɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɨɫɦɟɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɞɪ.1 ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɥɟɝɥɚ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ «ɯɨɡɹɢɧ – ɝɨɫɬɶ») ɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɝɨɫɬɹ
ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɚ (ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ). ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɝɨɫɬɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɬɹ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ əɆɊ- ɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ȕ-ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɛɢɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɨɦ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ2.
Ʉɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ
Ⱦɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɢ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɫ ȕ-ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ
ɦɚɥɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ. ȼ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɫ ȕ-ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ
ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ɛɢɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ (ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ) ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɨɧɞɚ CRDF (ɋɒȺ) ɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ ɩɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨ-ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
155
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ
ɲɤɨɥɵ» Ɋɨɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ Ɋɇɉ 2.2.2.2.3915, BP3C04, BP4M04, BG0104).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. E.M. Martin Del Valle. Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review. // Process Biochemistry.
2004. V. 39. Ɋ 1033–1046.
2. Ʌɟɤɚɪɶ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ ɋ.ɇ., Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ ȿ.ȼ, Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ Ɋ.ɇ., ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ.,
ɇ.ɂ.Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ, Ɇɢɧɤɢɧ ȼ.ɂ. // ɀɭɪɧɚɥ «ɋɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ Ɏɥɸɢɞɵ: Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ». 2008. Ɍ. 3. ʋ 2. ɋ. 33-36.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇɂə
ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈɄȼȿɊɐȿɌɂɇȺ ɋ ɐɂɄɅɈȼȿɊȺɌɊɂɅȿɇɈɆ ȼ ɋɍȻɄɊɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ
ȼɈȾȿ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɶ, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ, ɋ.ɇ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ, ȿ.ȼ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ, ɇ.ɂ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ
ɇɂɂ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ «ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ» ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɰɢɤɥɨɬɪɢɜɟɪɚɬɪɢɥɟɧ
(CTV), ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ[1], ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɝɢɛɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ CTV ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɢɨɧɵ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɜɹɬɢɱɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ CTV (ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɧɚɬɪɢɟɧɚ) — ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
«ɤɨɪɨɧɚ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɚɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.
CTV
Ⱦɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɋɌV ɫ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ [2]. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 120230 0ɋ) ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ, ɚ,
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ CTV-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ, ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɜ ɬɪɢ- ɢ
ɬɟɬɪɚɦɟɪɵ CTV. ɉɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ 150 0ɋ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ «CTV ȾȽɄ» ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜɨɞɵ.
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ ȕ-ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ
ɰɢɤɥɨɜɟɪɚɬɪɢɥɟɧɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ CTV ɫ
ɛɢɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫɭɛɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
156
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɨɧɞɚ CRDF (ɋɒȺ) ɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ ɩɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨ-ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ
ɲɤɨɥɵ» Ɋɨɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ Ɋɇɉ 2.2.2.2.3915, BP3C04, BP4M04, BG0104).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɬɢɞ, Ⱦ.Ʌ. ɗɬɜɭɞ. ɋɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ // Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ. ɂɄɐ «Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɤɧɢɝɚ».
2007. 480 ɫ.
2. S. N. Borisenko, M. I. Rudnev, A. V. Bicherov, O.V. Ryabtsova, N. I. Borisenko, E. V.
Vetrova, V. I. Minkin, A. V. Lekar’// Russian Journal of Physical
ȾɂɁȺɃɇ ɇȺȾɆɈɅȿɄɍɅəɊɇɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ɏɅɈɊɈɎɂɅɅɈȼ ȾɅə
ɎɈɌɈȻɂɈɇɂɄɂ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɨɛɚɧɨɜ, Ƚ.Ƚ. Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.ɇ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɏɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɵ a ɢ b (ɏɥ) ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ (640-665 ɧɦ) ɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ (60-90%) ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɥɝɨɠɢɜɭɳɢɟ
ɬɪɢɩɥɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɏɥ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɬɨɛɢɨɧɢɤɢ, - ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɬɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɮɨɬɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ. ɇɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɏɥ, ɟɝɨ ɮɨɬɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɬɨɧɢɤɭ ɢ ɬɪɨɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɏɥ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɏɥ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɛɟɥɤɚɦɢ, ɦɨɧɨɥɚɦɟɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɩɨɫɨɦɚɦɢ, ɦɢɰɟɥɥɚɦɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ (ɩɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɩɢɪɪɨɥɢɞɨɧɨɦ, ɩɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ,
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɟɦ) ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɏɥ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɢ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦɚɯ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɯ ɮɨɬɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ
ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɥɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɏɥ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɏɥ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɮɨɬɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ 1Ɉ2, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɇ2Ɉ2. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ
ɪɇ.
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɮɨɬɨɫɟɧɫɢɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɞɨɤɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɛɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ- ɢ ɮɨɫɮɚɬ-ɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ,
ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɧɭɤɥɟɨɬɢɞɨɜ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ Ʉ3 ɢ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɆɇɌɐ 3910, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ ɉ15 ɢ ȼɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɨɣ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ɇɒ-1468.2008.3).
157
ɋɊȺȼɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂə ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɈȼ ɂ ɍɊɈȼɇə
ɂɏ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ȼ ɋɈɄȺɏ ɋɍɄɄɍɅȿɇɌɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
ȼ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɫɢɧ1, ɇ.ɇ. ɋɚɠɢɧɚ1, ȼ.ȼ. ȼɚɧɞɵɲɟɜ2, Ⱥ.ɋ. ɏɨɦɢɤ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ (ȺɈ) ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɫɨɤɚɯ ɤɚɥɥɢɡɢɢ ɞɭɲɢɫɬɨɣ («ɡɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɭɫ») (Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson), ɪɟɨ
ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɶɱɚɬɨɝɨ (Rhoeo spathacea (Swartz) Stearn), ɞɢɯɨɪɢɡɚɧɞɪɵ ɛɭɤɟɬɨɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ
(Dichorisandra thyrsiflora Mikan), ɤɚɥɚɧɯɨɷ Ȼɥɨɫɫɮɟɥɶɞɚ (Kalanchoɺ blossfeldiana Poellnitz),
ɤɚɥɚɧɯɨɷ ɩɟɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ (Kalanchoɺ pinnata (Lam.) Pers.) ɢ ɤɚɥɚɧɯɨɷ Ⱦɟɝɪɟɦɨɧɚ (Kalanchoɺ
daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier).
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ȺɈ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ȺɈ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (ɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ȺɈ) ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ
ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ [1]. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ - ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ Ʉ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɫ ȺɈ (ɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ȺɈ)
ɡɚ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ [2].
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ȺɈ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɤɢ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɢ «ɞɟɬɨɤ» ɤɚɥɚɧɯɨɷ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɥɚɧɯɨɷ
Ⱦɚɣɝɪɟɦɨɧɚ (740 ɦɝ/ɥ ɢ 4,1 ɦɤɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɤ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɪɟɨ
ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɶɱɚɬɨɝɨ (461 ɦɝ/ɥ ɢ 2,4 ɦɤɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɤɚɥɥɢɡɢɢ
ɞɭɲɢɫɬɨɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ȺɈ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɤɚ ɢɡ
ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɯ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ (280 ɦɝ/ɥ ɢ 1,8 ɦɤɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ). ɇɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɤɚɯ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɤɚɥɥɢɡɢɢ ɞɭɲɢɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ ɞɢɯɨɪɢɡɚɧɞɪɵ
ɛɭɤɟɬɨɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ȺɈ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɷɬɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɸ (r=0,96).
[1] əɲɢɧ Ⱥ.ə. // Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. 2008. Ɍ. LII. ʋ2. ɋ. 130-135.
[2] Korotkova E.I. at al. // Anal. and Bioanal. Chem. 2003. V. 375. ʋ. 1-3. P. 465-468.
ȺɆɂɇɈɆȿɌɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈɄȼȿɊɐȿɌɂɇȺ
ɋ.ȿ. Ɇɨɫɸɪɨɜ, Ɍ.ɋ. Ʉɭɯɚɪɟɜɚ, Ɉ.ɋ. Ɇɚɪɦɨɧɬɨɜɚ, ɗ.ȿ. ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (I, ȾȽɄ) ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɜɨɺɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ: ɝɥɢɰɢɧ, ȕ-ɚɥɚɧɢɧ, Ȗ-ɚɦɢɧɨɦɚɫɥɹɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɮɟɧɢɥɚɥɚɧɢɧ ɢ
ɩɪɨɥɢɧ.
158
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɭɬɹɦɢ: ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨ 600ɋ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ȾȽɄ:ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ:ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ 1:2:2 ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ 6,8ɞɢ(ɚɦɢɧɨɚɰɢɥɦɟɬɢɥ)ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (II-VI). ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɤɜɢɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɡɚɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɟ
ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɞɢɡɚɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɋȼɑ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ
20-40%.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɤ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ
ɠɺɫɬɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɰɟ ȼ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ. Ɉɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ ɇɒ-8034.2010.5).
ɉɈɅɂɉɊȿɇɈɅɕ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ - ɊȺɋɉɊɈɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂȿ,
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ, ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȺ
ȼ.ɂ. Ɋɨɳɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ
[email protected]
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ. ȼ ɜɟɬɜɹɯ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ
ɨɥɶɯɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ʌɢɫɬɶɹ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɨɬ 0,5 ɞɨ 1,5 % ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ
ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ – ɨɬ 0,05 ɞɨ 0,10 % ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɝɢɧɝɤɨ ɛɢɥɨɛɵ ɞɨ
2,5 %. ɉɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
ɢɡɨɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɝɨɜ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɰɟɩɨɱɧɵɟ
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɵ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ. Ⱦɨɥɢɯɨɥɵ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɨɥɶɯɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɣ.
Ɋɨɥɶ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɥɟɝɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɜ
ɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɟ. ȼ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɬɨɤɨɮɟɪɨɥɵ,
ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɢɞɵ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɶɛɟɧɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ
159
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɥ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɯɥɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ) ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɫ ɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɯɜɨɢ ɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 0,3 – 0,4 % ɨɬ ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɀɄɌ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ. Ɉɤɨɥɨ 60 % ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɜ, ɞɨɥɢɯɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɫ ɠɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ (ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ
“Ɋɨɩɪɟɧ”) ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ (“Ʌɟɝɚɥɨɧ”, “Ƚɟɩɬɪɚɥ”,
“ɗɫɫɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ ɮɨɪɬɟ – ɇ”) – ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɷɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɡɟɤɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
Ɇɢɧɡɞɪɚɜɫɨɰɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ “Ɋɨɩɪɟɧ” ɜ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ.
ɉɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ,
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ, ɩɭɳɟɧ ɡɚɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɚ ɮɚɪɦɮɚɛɪɢɤɟ.
ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ
ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂə ɍȽɅȿɃ
Ʉ.Ⱥ. ɋɚɪɬɨɜɚ1, Ƚ.Ɇ. Ⱥɪɚɩɛɚɟɜɚ2, Ʉ.Ɍ. ɋɚɥɢɟɜɚ1
1 - Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɨ-Ɍɭɪɟɰɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ "Ɇɚɧɚɫ",ɝ. Ȼɢɲɤɟɤ,Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
2 - Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɂ.Ⱥɯɭɧɛɚɟɜɚ, ɝ.Ȼɢɲɤɟɤ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
[email protected]
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɭɝɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɥɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ, ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
(ɉɄɄ). ȼɵɯɨɞɵ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 45-55% ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɭɝɥɹ.
ȼ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɦɨɧɨ- ɢ
ɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɧɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ N- ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɟɥɥɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢ(ɝɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɬɪɚɦɢɧ) ɢ ɝɟɤɫɚɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ
ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɦɵɲɚɯ ɩɪɢ
ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɤɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ Ʉɺɪɛɟɪɭ. ɅȾ50 ɞɢ(ɝɟɤɫɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɬɪɚɦɢɧ) ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬɚ
2250± 346,2; ɝɟɤɫɚɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬɚ 393± 29,8; ɦɟɥɥɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ 1025± 97,9 ɦɝ/ɤɝ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢ(ɝɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɬɪɚɦɢɧ)
ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬ ɢ ɦɟɥɥɢɬɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɚɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ, ɚ ɝɟɤɫɚɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ
ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɥɢ ɦɟɥɥɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ - ɞɢ(ɝɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɬɪɚɦɢɧ)- ɢ
ɝɟɤɫɚɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ.
Ⱥɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ in vitro ɜ ɱɚɲɤɚɯ ɉɟɬɪɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɟɜɚɦɢ
ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɮɚ, ɫɚɥɶɦɨɧɟɥɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ, ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɧɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ, ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɨɬɢɩɨɜ ɷɲɟɪɟɯɢɢ-0111, 026, 055 ).
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɥɥɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɝɭɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɚɥɶɦɨɧɟɥɥɟɡɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɨɬɢɩɨɜ ɷɲɟɪɢɯɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ 1:10 – 1:40. ɇɚ
ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɢɡɟɧɬɟɪɢɢ 1:10 – 1:20 ɢ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɟɝɧɨɣɧɭɸ ɩɚɥɨɱɤɭ 1:10 – 1:320 ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɹ
ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɇɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɝɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɬɪɚɦɢɧ. Ƚɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɞɨɦ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ.
160
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɨɩɵɬɨɜ
ɩɨ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ
ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɢ(ɝɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɟɬɪɚɦɢɧ) ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɚɥɶɦɨɧɟɥɥɟɡɚ ɹɝɧɹɬ ɢ ɬɟɥɹɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ 1:10
– 1:160 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɇɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɧɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɣ,
ɞɢɡɟɧɬɟɪɢɢ Ɂɨɧɧɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɪɨɬɢɩɵ ɷɲɟɪɢɯɢɢ 0111 ɢ 026 ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ
ɭɛɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ 1:10 – 1:40, ɚ ɫɟɪɨɬɢɩ 055- ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɹɯ 1:10 – 1:160. Ƚɟɤɫɚɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ
ɦɟɥɥɢɬɚɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɪɸɲɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɮɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɫɚɥɶɦɨɧɟɥɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɣ, ɞɢɡɟɧɬɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɢɧɟɝɧɨɣɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ 1:10 –
1:640, ɧɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɥɢɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɨɬɢɩɨɜ ɷɲɟɪɢɯɢɢ 0111, 026-055 ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ
1:10 - 1:160, ɧɚ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɮɢɥɨɤɤɨɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ 1:10 – 1:80.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɡɨɬɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ- ɨɬ
0,05% ɞɨ 0,0003%.
ɉɈɅɂɊɈɌȺɄɋȺɇɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ɆȺɄɊɈɐɂɄɅɈȼ ɂ
ɉɈɅɂȾɂɆȿɌɂɅɋɂɅɈɄɋȺɇȺ ȾɅə ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌȺ
ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼ
Ɇ.ɉ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ1, T.E. ɋɭɯɚɧɨɜɚ1, Ƚ.ɇ. Ƚɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ1, ɋ.ȼ. Ȼɪɨɧɧɢɤɨɜ1, V. Harabagiu2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, Academia Romana, Romania
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɢɪɨɬɚɤɫɚɧɵ (ɉɊɨɬ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ
«ɝɨɫɬɶ-ɯɨɡɹɢɧ», ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ («ɯɨɡɹɢɧ»), ɧɚɧɢɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ («ɝɨɫɬɶ») ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ – ɛɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ.
ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɉɊɨɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɵ
(ɐȾ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤ ɐȾ ɜ ɉɊɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ,
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤ, ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ, ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɐȾ ɫ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɭɸ
ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɭ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɹ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ-ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɐȾ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɧɚɦɢ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɉɊɨɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ȕ- ɢ Ȗ-ɰɢɤɥɨɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɜ (ȕ- ɢ Ȗ-ɐȾ) ɫ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɦ – ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɫɢɥɨɤɫɚɧɨɦ (ɉȾɆɋɗ)
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɉɊɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ,
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɉȾɆɋɗ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɧɨ- ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɮɚɡɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɉɊɨɬ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɉɊɨɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
161
ɇȺɇɈɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂ ɆȿɏȺɇɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɉɅȿɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɃ ɆȿɌɂɅɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɂ ɄɈɅɅɈɂȾɇɕɏ ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɂɃ
ɋȿɊȿȻɊȺ
Ɍ.ȿ. ɋɭɯɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɇ.ɗ. ȼɵɥɟɝɠɚɧɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜ, Ⱥ.ə. ȼɨɥɤɨɜ, ɂ.ȼ. Ƚɨɮɦɚɧ,
Ʌ.ɂ. Ʉɭɰɟɧɤɨ, ɘ.Ƚ. ɋɚɧɬɭɪɹɧ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɱɟɤ, ȿ.Ɏ. ɉɚɧɚɪɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɛɢɨɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɨɣ ɢ
ɜɢɪɭɥɢɰɢɞɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (Ɇɐ) ɢ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ (ɄȾɋ),
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɩɢɪɪɨɥɢɞɨɧɨɦ (ɉȼɉ), ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ
ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ,
ɚɬɨɦɧɨ-ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ,
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ Ɇɐ-ɄȾɋ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ Ɇɐ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ 0-20 ɜɟɫ.% ɄȾɋ
(ɆɆɉȼɉ = 14188). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ Ɇɐ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
1.7 ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɋɉK= 780, ɄȾɋ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ 8% (ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɉȼɉ). Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ Ɇɐ
ɫ ɄȾɋ. ȼ ɩɥɟɧɤɚɯ Ɇɐ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɧɚɧɨɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ~150-300 ɧɦ, ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ Ɇɐ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ
Ɇɐ-ɄȾɋ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɄȾɋ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɧɚɧɨɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɞɨ 50-80 ɧɦ (ɩɪɢ 20% ɄȾɋ). ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ Ɇɐ (ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ) ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚɧɨɞɨɦɟɧɨɜ ɞɨ 55-85 ɧɦ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ 3-5 ɧɦ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɄȾɋ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ Ɇɐ-ɄȾɋ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ȿ ɢ Vɩ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɄȾɋ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɄȾɋ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɚɧɬɢɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ
ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɢɢ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɄɂɇȿɌɂɄɂ 4-ɆȿɌɂɅ-2,6ȾɂɂɁɈȻɈɊɇɂɅɎȿɇɈɅȺ ȼ ɉɅȺɁɆȿ ɄɊɈȼɂ ɄɊɕɋ ɉɊɂ ȼɇɍɌɊɂȼȿɇɇɈɆ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂɂ
ȿ.Ⱥ. əɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ1, Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɚ1, ȼ.ɂ. ɋɦɨɥɶɹɤɨɜɚ1, ȼ.ȼ. ɍɞɭɬ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ2,
ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ2, ȿ.ȼ. Ȼɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ2
1 - ɇɂɂ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɆɇ, Ɍɨɦɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱦɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ – 4-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2,6-ɞɢɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥ
(ɂȻɎ) – ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɩɨɥɭɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ. ɂȻɎ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɨɧ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɂȻɎ ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ
ɤɪɨɜɢ ɤɪɵɫ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ.
162
Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɪɵɫɚɯ-ɫɚɦɰɚɯ ȼɢɫɬɚɪ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 380–420 ɝ. ɂȻɎ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɥɢ ɜ ȾɆɋɈ
ɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 1,2 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɧɭ. Ʉɪɨɜɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɦ ɧɚɪɤɨɡɨɦ.
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɂȻɎ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɧɚɬɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɭɩɟɪɧɚɬɚɧɬɭ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɚ-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ-ɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (9:1:0,15) ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ 1:1. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɥɢ ɜ 100 ɦɤɥ ɫɦɟɫɢ
ɝɟɤɫɚɧ-ɂɉɋ-ɚɰɟɬɨɧɢɬɪɢɥ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 3:5:2 ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ȼɗɀɏ ɧɚ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɟ «Ɇɢɥɢɯɪɨɦ Ⱥ-02». Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɂȻɎ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɂȻɎ ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ.
ɉɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 0,007 ɱ. ɋ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ. ɉɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜ «ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ» ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 6,36 ɱ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ
ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ «ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ» ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ «ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ») ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɂȻɎ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 9 ɱ, ɚ ɤɥɢɪɟɧɫ – 60,3 ɦɥ/(ɱ·ɤɝ).
163
ɅɂȽɇɈɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɇɈȿ ɋɕɊɖȿ: ɆȿɋɌɈ ȼ ɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɄȿ
(ȻɂɈɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ, ɌȿɊɆɈɅɂɁ ɂ
ɊɈȾɋɌȼȿɇɇɕȿ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɕ, ɊȺȾɂɈɅɂɁ, ɉɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ
ɌɈɉɅɂȼɇɕɏ ȽɊȺɇɍɅ. ɋɈɐɂȺɅɖɇɕȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ)
ɋȿɁɈɇɇɕȿ ɄɈɅȿȻȺɇɂə ɄɈɆɆȿɊɑȿɋɄɂ ɁɇȺɑɂɆɕɏ ɎɊȺɄɐɂɃ ȼ ɌȻɈ
ɋȺɇɄɌ-ɉȿɌȿɊȻɍɊȽȺ
ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜ1, Ⱦ.ɋ. əɤɲɢɥɨɜ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɞɠɢɭ2, Ƚ.ȼ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ2, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜ3,
Ⱥ.ɏ. ɇɢɤɨɝɨɫɨɜ3
1 - ɈɈɈ "ɗɄɈȾɈɌ", ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ)
3 - Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱦ. ɉɚɦɮɢɥɨɜɚ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɌȻɈ ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ – ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ
ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ 2008 ɝɨɞ (ɦɭɫɨɪɨɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ
«Ʉɨɥɨɦɹɝɢ», ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ - ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɌȻɈ ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ (ɜɚɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɛɨɪ) ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɦ ɝɨɞɚ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, % ɦɚɫɫ.
ȼɪɟɦɹ
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɦɚɤɭɥɚɦɟɬɚɥɝɨɞɚ
ɩɨɥɢ-ɦɟɪɵ
ɉɗɌ
ɛɨɣ
«ɯɜɨɫɬɵ»
ɬɭɪɚ
ɥɨɥɨɦ
22,64
0,42
1,07
2,56
2,32
70,99
ɁɂɆȺ
ȼɟɫɧɚ
24,79
0,68
2,17
3,05
2,92
66,39
Ʌɟɬɨ
23,12
0,56
1,25
3,43
3,47
68,17
Ɉɫɟɧɶ
19,97
0,72
0,74
1,37
1,73
75,47
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
22,63
0,56
1,31
2,60
2,61
70,25
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɌȻɈ ɋɚɧɤɬ –
ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɚ, ɫɬɟɤɥɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɉɗɌ. ɉɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ,
ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 30%
ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȼ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ ȾɅə
ȺɅɖɌȿɊɇȺɌɂȼɇɈɃ ɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɄɂ
Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɉɩɚɪɢɧɚ1, Ɉ.ȼ. ȼɵɫɨɰɤɚɹ1, ɇ.Ʉ. Ƚɭɫɚɪɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɨɯɢɧ2, Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜ1
1 - ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 95
ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ) ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ.
ȼɨɡɪɨɠɞɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ,
164
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɛɭɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɞɥɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ. Ɋɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɢ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɭɩɟɪɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɨɥɢɡ). ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɞɟɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ 13ɋ.
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ "ɨɛɥɚɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ" ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɋ1014ɇ13-20Ɉ (ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɇ/ɋ 1.3-1.4) ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ (ɝɢɞɪɨɤɪɟɤɢɧɝ, ɪɢɮɨɪɦɢɧɝ), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ƚɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɦɟɬɚɧɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɧɢɡɲɢɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ (ɋ2-ɋ5).
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ
(ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬ 3.7).
ɉɊɂɄɅȺȾɇɕȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ɊȺȾɂɈɅɂɁȺ ɉɊɂ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȿ
ȼɈɁɈȻɇɈȼɅəȿɆɈȽɈ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ɂ.Ƚ. Ɍɚɧɚɧɚɟɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ.ɇ.Ɏɪɭɦɤɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ.
ɇɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɪɨɫɬ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɟɣ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ – ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ.
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɝɭɱɭɸ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɭɸ
ɛɚɡɭ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɥɟɫɚ (82 ɦɥɪɞ. ɦ3
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ). Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ
1.1˜1018 Ⱦɠ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɥɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ (ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ a75 ɦɚɫ.%). ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ
ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɩɢɪɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪ. ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɚ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜ –
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ Ɋɬɢɩɚ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ
ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ165
ɛɢɬɭɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɢɬɭɦɨɜ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ,
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ȻɂɈɄɈɇȼȿɊɋɂə ɅɂȽɇɈɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɆɂɄɊɈɈɊȽȺɇɂɁɆȺɆɂ
ȼɂȾȺ BACILLUS SUBTILIS
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɭɬɟɧɫɤɚɹ
Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ.Ɍɜɟɪɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,
ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ
ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (ɛɢɨɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ, ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧ, ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ). Ȼɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɱɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ (NaOH, HCl).
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɢ
ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɲɬɚɦɦɚ Bacillus subtilis PreA.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ: ɨɩɢɥɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɞɭɛɨɜɵɟ, ɤɨɫɬɪɚ, ɥɭɡɝɚ
ɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɢɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ
(28 - 30% ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ). ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɢɥɤɚɯ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ (5-10% ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ). ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɜɵɦɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɨɪ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ 1030%. Bacillus subtilis PreA ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɹ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɚ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɜɢɞɚ Bacillus subtilis PreA
ɧɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɯ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɢɤɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɪɢɧɝɢɥ- ɢ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɞɭɳɭɸ
ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɌȿɊɆɈɋɌȺȻɂɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɂ ȿȿ ɉɊɈɋɌɕɏ ɗɎɂɊɈȼ
Ɉ.ȼ. Ɋɨɠɤɨɜɚ1, ȼ.ȼ. Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɍɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɟɺ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɥɢ ɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɯ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɰɢɤɥ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɜɢɞɚ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ
ɬɟɪɦɨɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ
166
ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɟɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ (ɦɟɬɢɥ-, ɷɬɢɥ-(ɗɐ), ɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɩɢɥ-, ɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥ-, ɦɟɬɢɥɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɩɢɥ-,
ɛɟɧɡɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 5 ɢ 10ɨɋ/ɦɢɧ, ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ – ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɢ ɬɨɤ ɚɡɨɬɚ,
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɞɨ 500ɨɋ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ (ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 50-300ɨɋ) ɜɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1-15%).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (300-450ɨɋ) ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɨɤɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ. ɋɦɟɫɢ ɗɐ-ɛɭɬɚɞɢɟɧɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɭɱɭɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɚɫɬɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
(ɫɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ – ɌɆȺ).
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ,
ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ: ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɨɬɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ.
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɎɂɅɖɌɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ȽɈɊȿɇɂə ɋɈ
ɋȼȿɊɏȺȾɂȺȻȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɊȺɁɈȽɊȿȼȺɆɂ
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɋɚɥɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɫɥɨɜ, ɋ.ȼ. Ƚɥɚɡɨɜ, Ƚ.Ȼ. Ɇɚɧɟɥɢɫ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ, ɊɎ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ» ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
«ɗɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ». ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɚ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɥɟɫɚ. ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɵɪɭɛɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 130 ɦɥɧ. ɤɭɛ.
ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɨ 40%.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ (ɜɵɫɨɤɨɡɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɜɥɚɠɧɵɟ). ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɵɧɟ ɦɚɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ-ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ ɡɨɥɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɢ, ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɦɨɥ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɫɦɨɥ. ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ-ɝɚɡɚ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɦɨɥ – ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɧɚ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɭɸ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɦɨɥɵ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɦɨɥ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɢ ɜɥɚɝɢ). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
167
ɷɬɢɯ ɫɦɨɥ ɜ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 09-03-00623a).
ɉɈȼɕɒȿɇɂȿ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɂɁȼɅȿɑȿɇɂə ȼɌɈɊɂɑɇɕɏ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ
ɂɁ ȼȺɊɈɑɇɕɏ ɓȿɅɈɄɈȼ
Ɉ.ȼ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, Ɇ.ɋ. Ⱥɧɮɟɪɨɜɚ, ɋ.ȼ. Ƚɨɥɟɧɶɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ɉ. Ƚɨɥɭɛɟɜ, ȿ.ɘ. Ⱦɟɦɶɹɧɰɟɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨ-ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɚ.
ȼ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɦ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ
ɋɉɛȽɌɍɊɉ ɩɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɯ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɥɟɣ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ
ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɦɨɥɵ,
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɷɬɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ «ɜɪɟɞɧɭɸ» ɫɦɨɥɭ ɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɦ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɟ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɂɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɤɚɯ.
Ȼɵɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɞ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ (CaCl2, H2SO4, ɢ ɞɪ.). Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɳɟɥɨɤ (ȡ=1,04 ɝ/ɫɦ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɜ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ (ȡ=1,02 ɝ/ɫɦ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ –
ɭɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɳɟɥɨɤ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ, ɚ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ
ɫɥɚɛɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɦ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɧɟ ɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ
ɭɩɚɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
168
ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɌȻɈ ɆɈɋɄȼɕ ȼ ɉȿɊȼɈɆ ȾȿɋəɌɂɅȿɌɂɂ ɏɏI ȼȿɄȺ
Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ɏ. ɇɢɤɨɝɨɫɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɞɠɢɭ2, Ⱦ.ɋ. əɤɲɢɥɨɜ2, Ƚ.ȼ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ2,
ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜ3
1 - Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱦ. ɉɚɦɮɢɥɨɜɚ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ)
3 - ɈɈɈ "ɗɄɈȾɈɌ", ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɍɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɌȻɈ ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜ % ɦɚɫɫ. ɡɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ XXI ɜɟɤɚ (2000-2009
ɝɝ.) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɌȻɈ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɚ, ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ, ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɉɗɌ – ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵ
ɞɨɥɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɆȿɋɂ ɈɅɖɏɂ ɂ Ɉɋɂɇɕ ɇȺ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɉɊɂ
ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɈɃ ȼȺɊɄȿ ȻȿɊȿɁɕ
Ȼ.ɇ. Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɟɯɢɧɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɹɦɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ
ɨɥɶɯɢ.
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ.
169
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɚɪɨɤ, ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ ɨɥɶɯɢ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ: ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɜɚɪɚ (ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ) ɢ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɚ. ȼɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɨɥɶɯɢ
ɉɪɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɤɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɤ
ɛɟɪɟɡɟ:
ɫɦɟɫɶ ɨɫɢɧɚ + ɛɟɪɟɡɚ ɜɚɪɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɪɚ (ɩɪɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ), ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɛɟɥɢɡɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɨɤ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɬɟɩɥɨɬɜɨɪɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ɍɟɩɥɨɬɜɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɺɪɧɨɝɨ ɳɺɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɨɤ ɛɟɪɺɡɵ ɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 13.4-12.9 Ɇɞɠ/ɤɝ.
Ȼɟɡɯɥɨɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ Ⱦ0-ɓ-Ⱦ1 –Ⱦ2-ɇ2S04 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɢ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɭ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɛɟɪɺɡɵ ɢ ɨɫɢɧɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɥɶɯɢ ɤ ɛɟɪɟɡɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɡɦɚɥɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɥɶɯɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɤɚɯ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɦ. ɇɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɢɪɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɭ ɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɵɦ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ.
ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɌȿɊɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ,
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɃ ɌȿɌɊȺɏɅɈɊɂȾɈɆ ɌɂɌȺɇȺ
ɋ.ȼ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɜɲɢɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɘ. Ȼɭɝɚɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ) ɯɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɈȺɈ «Ɇɨɧɞɢ ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɅɉɄ» ɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɵɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ (ɉɐ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ ɜ
ɝɟɤɫɚɧɟ, ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɟ Q-1500-D ɦɚɪɤɢ «Paulik-Paulik-Erdey» ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ 5 ºɋ/ɦɢɧ ɜ ɚɥɭɧɞɨɜɨɦ ɬɢɝɥɟ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 23 ÷
600 ºɋ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ.
Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɦɚɫɫɟ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ. Cɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɭ ɉɐ ɜ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ (ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ) ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɣ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɉɐ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ
ɬɢɬɚɧɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
170
ɉɅȺɁɆɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɋ
ɐȿɅɖɘ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɋɂɇɌȿɁ-ȽȺɁȺ
ɗɆɂɋɋɂə ȾɂɈɄɋɂɇɈȼ ɉɊɂ ɋɀɂȽȺɇɂɂ ɌȻɈ - ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɃ ɂ
ɊȿɐɂɄɅɂɇȽȺ
Ƚ.ȼ. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ1, Ⱦ.ɋ. əɤɲɢɥɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɞɠɢɭ1, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜ2, Ⱥ.ɏ. ɇɢɤɨɝɨɫɨɜ2,
ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜ3
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ)
2 - Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱦ. ɉɚɦɮɢɥɨɜɚ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɈɈɈ "ɗɄɈȾɈɌ", ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɌȻɈ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ 12 ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ ɦɢɪɚ. Ʌɢɞɟɪɚɦɢ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɋɒȺ ɢ əɩɨɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɌȻɈ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ +0,946, ɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ 89,5%. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɦɭɫɨɪɨɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɢɨɤɫɢɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɯɥɨɪɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɌȻɈ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɟɰɢɤɥɢɧɝɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ. ɋɜɹɡɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ, ɧɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ -0,345, ɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 11,9%, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ 11,9% ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɷɬɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɟɰɢɤɥɢɧɝɭ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ, ɚ
ɪɟɰɢɤɥɢɧɝ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɝɚɡɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɧɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ
ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɫɬɨɣɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɦɭɫɨɪɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
171
ɂɇɋɌɊɍɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂə ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ
ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɂ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ ɂɏ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ
ɈɁɈɇɈɅɂɁ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
ɂ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɛɤɨɜ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ ȼɢɥɶɲɬɟɬɬɟɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɡɨɧɨɥɢɡɚ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɫɬɪɟɨ-ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ȕ-Ɉ-4 ɫɜɹɡɶ ɜ ɷɪɢɬɪɨ-ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɦ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ȕ-Ɉ4 ɫɜɹɡɶ ɜ ɬɪɟɨ-ɮɨɪɦɟ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɢɥɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜ Į – ɢ ȕ- ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ.
ɈɁɈɇɈɅɂɁ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɕɏ ɅɂȽɇɂɇɈȼ
ɂ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɛɤɨɜ1, ɘ. Ɇɚɬɫɭɦɨɬɨ2, Ʉ.ɂ. ȼɨɥɨɞɢɧ1, ȿ.ɇ. Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɚ1, ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɭɬɨɜ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Laboratory of Wood Chemistry, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵ: ɩɪɨɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ-ɬɨɥɭɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ (I); ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ȼɟɥɶɲɬɟɬɬɟɪɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ (II); ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ȼɟɥɶɲɬɟɬɬɟɪɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ (III).
Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ: ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧ Ʉɥɚɫɨɧɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ. Ɉɡɨɧɨɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ [1].
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɝɚɡɨɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɨ-ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ȽɅ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɢɥɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜ Į – ɢ ȕ- ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɺɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ȿ/Ɍ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɪɢɬɪɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɟ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɟ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɪɢɬɪɨ- ɢ ɬɪɟɨ-ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɨɡɨɧɨɥɢɡɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɬɪɟɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜ ɫɜɨɺɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ.
172
R''
HO
O
OCH 3
R
OCH 3
OR'
R - OCH3, Ɏɉȿ (ɮɟɧɢɥɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɚɹ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ); Rʾ - CH3, Ɏɉȿ; Rʿ –Ɏɉȿ
Ɋɢɫ.1.ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ
Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɮɨɪɦ (ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ȿ/Ɍ) ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ [2], ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ȿ/Ɍ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ.
1.Matsumoto Y, Ishizu A, Nakano J. Studies on chemical structure of lignin by ozonation //
Holzforschung 40: Suppl. 1986. P. 81-85
2.Ɍɢɳɟɧɤɨ Ⱦ.ȼ. Ɉɡɨɧɨɥɢɡ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ // ɀ. ɉɪɢɤɥ. ɏɢɦ. ʋ32. 1959. ɋ. 686 – 690
ɉɊɂȻɈɊɕ ɒɂɆȺȾɁɍ ȾɅə ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə ɂ ɂɋɉɕɌȺɇɂɃ
ȼ ɈȻɅȺɋɌɂ ɏɂɆɂɂ ɂ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ɅȿɋȺ
ɂ.Ʌ. Ƚɪɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ
ɈɈɈ ȺɇȺɅɂɌ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ - ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɟɫɚ.
- ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɵ ɢ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ;
- ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ;
- ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ;
- ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨ- ɢ ɧɚɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ;
- ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
- ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ,
- ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ;
- ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ;
- ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ: ɞɜɭɯ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪ UV-1800, ɂɄ-Ɏɭɪɶɟ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ IRAffinity-1, ɚɬɨɦɧɨ-ɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ ȺȺ-7000 ɢ ICPɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ ICPȿ-9000. Ɉɛɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ/ɲɭɦ ɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ USB ɩɨɪɬɨɜ. Ⱥɬɨɦɧɨ-ɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ ȺȺ-7000
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɢ ɢɡ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɜ
ɝɪɚɮɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɟɱɢ. ICP-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ ICPȿ-9000, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ
ɋɋD-ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ (1050000,00 ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ) ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ: ɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ.
ɇɨɜɵɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮ LC-30, ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ LCMS2020 ɢ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮ GC-2010Plus ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ,
ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ IG-1000 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɢ ɜ ɫɭɛɧɚɧɨɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ: ɫ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɬ 0.5 ɧɦ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ
ɧɨɜɨɦ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ (ɇȾɊ).
Ʉɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɶɸɬɨɪɨɦ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɈɈɈ
ȺɇȺɅɂɌ-ɉɪɨɞɚɤɬɫ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɋɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ, ɇɢɠɧɟɦ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɟ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɢ ɢ ɍɮɟ. Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ȺɇȺɅɂɌ-ɉɪɨɞɚɤɬɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
173
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɶɸɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ Ɇɢɥɥɢɩɨɪ, Ⱥɧɬɟɤ-Ʌɟɣɞɟɧ,
Ɇɟɬɬɥɟɪ-Ɍɨɥɟɞɨ,
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ,
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ,
ɩɪɨɛɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɬɢɬɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ȺȾɋɈɊȻɐɂə ɈȾɇɈɈɋɇɈȼɇɕɏ ɄɊȺɋɂɌȿɅȿɃ ɂɁ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ
ɉɈɊɂɋɌɕɆɂ ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾɇɕɆɂ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȺɆɂ ɂɁ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ
ɋɕɊɖə
Ⱥ.Ɏ. Ⱦɦɢɬɪɭɤ, ȿ.Ʌ. ɉɥɟɯɨɜɚ, ɘ.Ɉ. Ʌɟɫɢɲɢɧɚ
Ⱦɨɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɚ Ɍɭɝɚɧ-Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, Ⱦɨɧɟɰɤ,
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɉɍɆ) ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɉɍɆ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ
ɧɟɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɉɍɆ_0 – ɢɡ ɨɩɚɜɲɟɣ ɥɢɫɬɜɵ; ɉɍɆ_HCl – ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɜɵ,
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ; ɉɍɆ_ɐ – ɢɡ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ [1] ɩɪɢ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ (ɋdaf%: ɉɍɆ_0 - 39,90; ɉɍɆ_HCl - 63,40; ɉɍɆ_ɐ - 89,80). Ⱦɥɹ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɨ-ɧɢɬɪɨɚɧɢɥɢɧ, ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɣ, ɛɪɨɦɬɢɦɨɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɧɢɣ ɢ
ɢɧɞɢɝɨɤɚɪɦɢɧ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɍɆ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɄɚ ɨɬ -0,29 ɞɨ 12,8. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɍɆ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɄɚ 3,4 -- 12,8 ɢ ɪɄɚ ” -0,29.
Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɨɝɨ, ɛɪɨɦɬɢɦɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɝɨɤɚɪɦɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɨɧɢɬɪɨɚɧɢɥɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ Ʌɶɸɢɫɚ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɬɚ ɜ ɉɍɆ_0. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɜ ɉɍɆ_ɐ ɢ
ɉɍɆ_(HCl) ɤɚɥɶɰɢɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɨɧɢɬɪɨɚɧɢɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɚ (ɪɄɚ = 9,98) ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɧɚ
ɉɍɆ ɐ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɨ-ɧɢɬɪɨɚɧɢɥɢɧɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ (ɪɄɚ) ɨ-ɧɢɬɪɨɚɧɢɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɍɆ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɧɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ, ɚ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ.
1. Zhenhui Kang et al 2005 Nanotechnology 16. – Ɋ.1192 – 1195
ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɈɋɌɖ ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȼ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ɋɊȿȾȺɏ
ɗ.ɂ. ȿɜɫɬɢɝɧɟɟɜ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ȼɫɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ
ɫɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
174
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ, ɨɬɜɟɬɢɜ ɧɚ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ, ɫɪɟɞɟ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɜɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɜɚɪɤɚɦ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ
ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ : ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɨɬɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ NaOH ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
S-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɦ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɪɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɄɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ = ɪɄɚ.
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ : ɜɨɞɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 0.6 ɞɨ 0.95
ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɢ, ɚ ɜɧɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ
ɝɢɞɪɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɚ.
ɉɂȽɆȿɇɌɕ ɈɋȿɇɇȿɃ ɈɄɊȺɋɄɂ ɅɂɋɌɖȿȼ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
ɂ.ə. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɞɭɛɚ
ɱɟɪɟɲɱɚɬɨɝɨ, ɤɥɟɧɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɥɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ, ɛɚɪɛɚɪɢɫɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ.
ȼ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɞɭɛɚ, ɤɥɟɧɚ, ɛɚɪɛɚɪɢɫɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɵ - ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III).
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɨɤɫɨɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III), FeOOH
ɜ ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɞɭɛɚ;
ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ ɨɤɫɨɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III), FeOCH 3 COCOO , ɥɸɬɟɢɧ
ɜ ɤɪɚɫɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɤɥɟɧɚ;
ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III), FeCH 3 COCOO 3 , ɥɸɬɟɢɧ, ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧ
ɜ ɩɭɪɩɭɪɧɨ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɛɚɪɛɚɪɢɫɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɨɫɟɧɧɹɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III): ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɞɭɛɚ, ɤɪɚɫɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ
ɤɥɟɧɚ, ɩɭɪɩɭɪɧɨ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɛɚɪɛɚɪɢɫɚ.
Ɉɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɨɤɫɨɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III) ɢ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɨɤɫɨɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III) ɜ ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ, ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɨɝɨ, ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɭɪɩɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜ ɂ.ə. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ
ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. «Ʌɟɫɧɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ» 2006 ɝ ʋ 5 ɫ.106 – 112.
175
ɏɊɈɆȺɌɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɕɏ ɎɊȺɄɐɂɃ
ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
Ʌ.ɋ. Ʌɢɬɜɢɧɨɜɚ, ȿ.ȿ. Ʉɟɜɟɪ, ɘ.ɇ. ɋɚɡɚɧɨɜ, ȿ.Ɇ. Ʉɭɥɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɨɤɟɟɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɛɚɧɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɹɞ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (65 ɨɋ) ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ, ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧ, ȾɆɎ ɢ
ȾɆɋɈ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɤɫɤɥɸɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɢɪɨɝɟɥɟɦ (Phenogel MXL, “Phenomenex”) . ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɞ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ
ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (0.2 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ). Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫɚɦ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɮɢɪɦɵ «Waters». Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ Ȼɶɺɪɤɦɚɧɚ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ.
ɉɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ, ɧɟ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ (ɞɨ 200-300 ɨɋ)
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ.
ɋɌȺȻɂɅɅɂɁɂɊɍɘɓɂȿ ɂ ȾȿɋɌȺȻɂɅɂɁɂɊɍɘɓɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
ɅɂȽɇɈɋɍɅɖɎɈɇȺɌɈȼ
Ɍ.ɇ. Ʌɭɝɨɜɢɰɤɚɹ1, Ʉ.ɇ. Ȼɨɥɚɬɚɛɚɟɜ1, ɋ.ɋ. ɇɚɛɨɣɱɟɧɤɨ2
1 - ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɉɟɬɪɨɩɚɜɥɨɜɫɤ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
2 - ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ -ɍɉɂ, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ (ɅɋɌ) ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɢɤɟɥɶ-ɩɢɪɪɨɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɈȺɈ «ȽɆɄ ɇɨɪɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɧɢɤɟɥɶ» ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɨɲɥɚɦɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɵ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɬɚɰɢɢ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɵ (Ʌɋ) ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɅɋɌ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɯ ɧɚ So ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ( P ). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ
Ʌɋ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ Ʌɋʋ1, Ʌɋʋ2 ɢ Ʌɋʋ3 ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ P 16900, 9250 ɢ 46300 ɚ.ɟ.ɦ.
ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɜɟɠɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɹɯ
ɫɟɪɵ, ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ Ʌɋ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 0.64 ɝ/ɞɦ3; ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ (293-333 Ʉ) ɢ ɪɇ. Ⱥɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
cɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɠɢɡɧɢ» (IJs) ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ (Vɤ).
ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ;
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ «ɠɢɡɧɢ» ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɫ Ʌɋʋ2; ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɥɫɹ (ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 2
176
ɪɚɡɚ) ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɜɵɲɟ 0.16-0.20 ɝ/ɞɦ3). ɉɪɢ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɜ ɢɡɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ (ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ Ʌɋ) ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ
ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢ
ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ (Ʌɋʋ3). ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ; ɞɥɹ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ
ɬɪɟɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ IJs ɩɪɢ 333 Ʉ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ (IJs
= 60-100 ɦɢɧ).
ȼ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ (ɪɇ = 4.5-6.0) ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɵ (Ʌɋʋ3);
ɉɪɢ ɪɇ ” 1 ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɫ Ʌɋʋ2; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɹɯ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɵ
ɨɬ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɈȺɈ «ȽɆɄ ɇɨɪɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɧɢɤɟɥɶ».
ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɈɃ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ, ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌȺɇɇɈɃ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈɆ ɌȿɌɊȺɏɅɈɊɂȾȺ ɌɂɌȺɇȺ ȼ
ȽȿɄɋȺɇȿ
ɂ.ȼ. Ʌɸɯɚɧɨɜɚ1, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɟɲɢɧɚ1, ɋ.ȼ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ2, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɜɲɢɧɨɜɚ2
1 - ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞ. ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ
[email protected]
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɈȺɈ «Ɇɨɧɞɢ ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɅɉɄ» ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɝɟɤɫɚɧɟ (TiCl4 ɜ ɋ6ɇ14) ɩɪɢ 23° ɋ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 20° ɋ, ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɪɢ 60° ɋ ɢ 100° ɋ. Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ȾɊɈɇ - 3Ɇ (ɧɚ FeKĮ – ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ) ɜ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɨ-ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ,
ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ
ɤɨɝɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ (ɈɄɊ). Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɢ
ɧɟɛɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ TiCl4 ɜ ɋ6ɇ14 ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɈɄɊ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ [Ʈ10],
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɫ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɸ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɹɦ. ȼ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ (ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɣ)
ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɸ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ [110], ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɈɄɊ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ
ɜɞɜɨɟ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ [Ʈ10], ɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
[102]. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɈɄɊ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ [100] ɢ [001] ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɮɢɛɪɢɥɥ. ȼ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ [100] ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɈɄɊ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 5 - 7 ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ
ɹɱɟɟɤ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɛɪɢɥɥ [001] ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɝɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 4 - 6 ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ
ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɈɄɊ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɢ ɫ ɞɥɹ
ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ TiCl4 ɜ ɋ6ɇ14, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ.
177
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɦ ɊɎɎɂ “ɋɟɜɟɪ” ʋ 08-02-98802 (ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ). Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ Ɏɐɉ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ» ȽɄ ʋɉ415 ɨɬ 30.07.09 (ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ).
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆȿɅȿɄɍɅəɊɇɈ-ɆȺɋɋɈȼɕɏ ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ ɂ
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɕɏ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ, ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ
ɈɊȽȺɇɈɋɈɅɖȼȿɌɇɈɃ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ȿɅɂ ɂ ɋɈɋɇɕ
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, Ɋ.Ƚ. Ⱥɥɢɟɜ, ɗ.ɉ. Ɍɟɪɟɧɬɶɟɜɚ, ɇ.Ʉ. ɍɞɨɜɟɧɤɨ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɩɨɥɭɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɬɨɜ – ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɜɢɞɵ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ
ɢ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɷɤɫɤɥɸɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ (ɗɀɏ)
ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɜɚɪɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ.
ȼɚɪɤɭ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ – ɜɨɞɚ - ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
(35:35:30 ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ) ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 150, 170, 190 ɨɋ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ
ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɫɚɞɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɋɭɲɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ
0,1%-ɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ȾɆɎȺ (ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɭɪɦɚɦɢɞ) ɞɥɹ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ
ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ, ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ.
ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ,
ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ. ɇɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɢɯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɦ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɟ (380
ɦɢɧ) ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (190 ɨɋ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ –
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɷɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɜɚɪɤɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɧɚɦɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɚɪɤɢ. ɉɪɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ.
178
ɗɄɋɄɅɘɁɂɈɇɇȺə ɏɊɈɆȺɌɈȽɊȺɎɂə ɌɊɂȺɐȿɌȺɌȺ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ,
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɈɃ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɈɊȽȺɇɈɋɈɅɖȼȿɇɌɇɈɃ ȾȿɅɂȽɇɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ Ɉɋɂɇɕ
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, Ɋ.Ƚ. Ⱥɥɢɟɜ, ɗ.ɉ. Ɍɟɪɟɧɬɶɟɜɚ, ɇ.Ʉ. ɍɞɨɜɟɧɤɨ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ: ɷɬɚɧɨɥ – ɜɨɞɚ – ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 35:35:30 ɨɛ. %
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 170-180 ɨɋ. Ɇɟɬɢɥɨɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɩɚɪɚɮɨɪɦɚ (ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɝɪɭɩɩɵ) ɫ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɦ ȾɆɎȺ (ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɭɪɦɚɦɢɞ). ɋɦɟɫɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ ȾɆɎȺ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 85 ɨɋ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɩɚɪɚɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɢɥɢɤɨɧɨɜɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. ɋɦɟɫɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɞɨ 130 ɨɋ, ɩɚɪɚɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɝɨɧɹɬɶɫɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɣ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɵɣ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞ – ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧ (ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ).
Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 18 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ
ɫɦɟɫɶ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɞɹɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ. ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɬɪɢɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɫɦɟɫɢ:
ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɭɤɫɭɫɧɵɣ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞ ɢ ɫɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ.
ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ
ɜɵɹɫɧɹɥɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɨ 2,2% ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ
ɫɧɢɡɢɥɫɹ ɨɬ 3,5 ɞɨ 1,4%. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ: Ɍ = 60 ɨɋ, ɜɪɟɦɹ 90 ɦɢɧ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ 1,1%.
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɟɟ ɬɪɢɚɰɟɬɚɬɦɟɬɢɥɨɥ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɋɮɟɪɨɧ-1000,
ɷɥɸɟɧɬ ȾɆɎȺ ɫ 0,03 ɦɨɥɶ/ɞɦ3 ɛɪɨɦɢɫɬɵɦ ɥɢɬɢɟɦ ɢ 0,03 ɦɨɥɶ/ɞɦ3 ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ. Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɚɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɢ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɆɆ ɬɪɢɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 1,5
ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɟɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ.
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ.
179
ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ȽɊɍɉɉ ȼ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ
ɄɈɅɂɑȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃ ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɋɄɈɉɂɂ əɆɊ
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɨɯɢɧ1, Ⱦ.Ɏ. Ʉɭɲɧɚɪɺɜ1, Ʌ.ȼ. Ʉɚɧɢɰɤɚɹ2, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ʉɚɥɚɛɢɧ3
1 - ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Ɋɨɨɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ –
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ,
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ
əɆɊ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ 1ɇ ɢ 13C ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ,
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ: ɬɪɟɬɢɱɧɵɯ (ɋɚɪɇ) ɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ (ɋɚɪ) ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ (ȺɄ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ȺɄ ɢ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɟɥɢ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɳɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ; ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ; ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 100%. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ
ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ.
ɉɊȿȼɊȺɓȿɇɂə ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȻɖȿɊɄɆȺɇȺ ɉɈȾ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿɆ ɋɍɉȿɊɄɂɋɅɈɌ
ȻɊȿɇɋɌȿȾȺ
Ⱦ.ɋ. Ɋɹɛɭɯɢɧ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜ, Ɇ.ə. Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɆɅȾɂ (MALDI) ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ Ȼɶɟɪɤɦɚɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ
ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɭɩɟɪɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɯ HSO3F, CF3SO3H ɢ CF3SO3H–SbF5.
180
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɩɟɤɬɪ MALDI ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ Ȼɶɟɪɤɦɚɧɚ.
ɉɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɭɩɟɪɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ Ȼɶɟɪɤɦɚɧɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɥɢɝɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɞɨ
4400 Ⱦɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1), ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ 600-1700 Ⱦɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2). ȼ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɩɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ 235 Ⱦɚ:
235
235
235
1423 '
o1198 '
o 963 '
o 728
ɗɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɨɬɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɩɟɤɬɪ MALDI ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ Ȼɶɟɪɤɦɚɧɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ CF3SO3H ɩɪɢ 0°ɋ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2 ɱ.
ɄȺɊȻɈɇɂɁȺɐɂə ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
ɘ.ɇ. ɋɚɡɚɧɨɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɛɚɧɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ȼɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ʉɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ.
1. Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɨɦ.
2. Ʉɚɤ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɝɥɟɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɋ
181
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɭɠɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
( ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ) ɜ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ – ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ
ɬɟɪɦɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ – ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɫ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
ɤɚɤ ɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ( ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɵ, ɪɟɡɢɧɵ, ɚɫɮɚɥɶɬ, ɛɟɬɨɧ, ɤɨɤɫ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ, ɝɪɚɧɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɣ, ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɪɟɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȽɍɆɂɇɈɉɈȾɈȻɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ, ɈȻɊȺɁɍɘɓɂɏɋə ɂɁ
ɆɈɇɈɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ, ȾɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ɂ ɎɍɊȺɇɈȼɕɏ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ȼ
ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈȽɈ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ
ɂ.ȼ. ɋɭɦɟɪɫɤɢɣ1, ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɭɬɨɜ1, Ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɚɤɟɟɜ2, ɘ.ɇ. ɋɚɡɚɧɨɜ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɪɚɧɨɜɢɱ3,
Ɇ.ə. Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ʌɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ.Ɇ.Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭ ȼɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Process Chemistry Center, Ⱥbo Akademi University, Finland
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ (0,5%), ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ~180°ɋ, ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ, ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ,
ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ ɢ ɞɪ., ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɢ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɥɢɝɧɨɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɢɡ
ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɞɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
Ƚɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ: ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ (ɏɆɋ), ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɵɦ 13ɋ əɆɊ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ (ȼɗɀɏ), ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ (ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɏɆɋ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɫ Ɏɭɪɶɟ-ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɢɡ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɢɡ ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 20%
ɢ 30% ɢɡ ɝɟɤɫɨɡ ɢ ɩɟɧɬɨɡ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 60% ɢɡ
ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɢ 20% ɢɡ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɤɟɬɨɧɨɜ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɟɤɫɨɡ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɭɦɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ 5-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ
182
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ Sȿ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɰɢɤɥɚɦɢ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɟɧɬɨɡ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ
ɩɨɥɢɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɧɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ Sȿ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ – ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɢɤɥɚɦɢ.
ɆɈɅȿɄɍɅəɊɇȺə ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɋɄɈɉɂə ɄȺɄ ɂɇɋɌɊɍɆȿɇɌ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə
ɇȿɍɉɈɊəȾɈɑȿɇɇɕɏ ɈȻɅȺɋɌȿɃ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ
Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ɋɭɯɨɜ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɂɄ-Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɣɬɟɪɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢ ɢɧɤɥɸɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ-ɡɨɧɞɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɪɫɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ
ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɹ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɜ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɦ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɬɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 70-80%.
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɕȿ ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɆȺɄɊɈɆɈɅȿɄɍɅ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ
ɋɉɈɋɈȻɈȼ ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɂə
Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ɋɭɯɨɜ, Ɉ.ɘ. Ⱦɟɪɤɚɱɟɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
ɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɛɟɪɺɡɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɂɄ- Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ.
Ɋɚɧɟɟ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɂɄ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɧɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ in situ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɛɟɡ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ(ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ), ɦɹɝɤɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ,
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ.
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɋ-ɋ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1510ɫɦ-1, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥ
ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɺ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ
ɞɟɤɨɧɜɨɥɸɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɰ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɟ ɛɟɪɺɡɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ
ɫɢɪɢɧɝɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ.
183
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɪɢɧɝɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɛɟɪɺɡɵ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɟɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɡɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ, ɪɟɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɯ ɦɹɝɤɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ.
ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɖ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɋɄɈɉɂɂ 13C əɆɊ Ʉ
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɘ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɑȿɊɇɈȽɈ ɓȿɅɈɄȺ
Ɍ.Ƚ. Ɏɟɞɭɥɢɧɚ, Ɇ.Ɏ. Ʉɢɪɸɲɢɧɚ, Ɇ.ə. Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧ, ɋ.Ɇ. ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɑɟɪɧɵɟ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ ɨɬ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɨɤ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɠɢɝɚɸɬ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɫɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 40% ɨɬ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ),
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨ ɬɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ.
Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ, ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɧɨɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɸ 13C əɆɊ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɬ ɤɪɚɮɬ-ɜɚɪɨɤ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ 13C əɆɊ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ
1Ɇ NaOH.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
ɜ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɨɣ) ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ (100-160 ɦ.ɞ.), ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɨ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɨɦ. ɋɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɧɟ
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɤ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ-ɞɢɚɧɢɨɧɭ (ɩɢɤ ɩɪɢ 171.0 ɦ.ɞ.), ɮɨɪɦɢɚɬ-ɚɧɢɨɧɭ (ɩɢɤ ɩɪɢ 174.0 ɦ.ɞ.) ɢ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚɧɢɨɧɭ (ɩɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ 184.4 ɢ 26.3 ɦ.ɞ.). ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɢ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ
Na2CO3 ɜ ɱɟɪɧɨɦ ɳɟɥɨɤɟ. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɛɟɡ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɤɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ 13C əɆɊ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.
184
ɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɕɏ ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɈɃ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ȼ ɁȺȼɂɋɂɆɈɋɌɂ ɈɌ ɋɉɈɋɈȻȺ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ
ɋ.ȼ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ1, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɜɲɢɧɨɜɚ1, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɟɲɢɧɚ2, ɂ.ȼ. Ʌɸɯɚɧɨɜɚ2, ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɟɥɟɯ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɚɹ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɈȺɈ «Ɇɨɧɞɢ ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɅɉɄ», ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɝɟɤɫɚɧɟ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ TiCl4 ɫ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ
ɟɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ
(ɋɉ) ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɷɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 1210 ɞɨ 265, ɞɥɹ
ɧɟɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ — ɨɬ 1310 ɞɨ 260 (ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ 18 · 10-3 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ).
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɋɉ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɨ 150.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɋɤ)
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɟɟ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɋɤ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ.
Ȼɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. Ɉɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɋɤ = 86), ɱɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ Ʌɶɸɢɫɚ.
ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɈɁɈɇɈɄȺɌȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ ȼ
ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺɏ ȾȿɅɂȽɇɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɏɭɞɨɲɢɧ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ.Ɇ. Ȼɟɧɶɤɨ, ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɭɧɢɧ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɆȽɍ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɨ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɨɡɨɧɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ - ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ - ɝɜɚɹɤɨɥɚ ɢ ɜɟɪɚɬɪɨɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ – ɦɚɥɟɢɧɨɜɨɣ, ɳɚɜɟɥɟɜɨɣ,
ɝɥɢɨɤɫɚɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ- Mn(II) ɢ Fe(III).
ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɍɎ-, ɂɄ- ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ȼɗɀɏ ɢ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɡɨɧɨɥɢɡɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
185
ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ɳɚɜɟɥɟɜɚɹ, ɝɥɢɨɤɫɚɥɟɜɚɹ, ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɚɹ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ ɨɡɨɧɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Fe(III) ɪɨɥɶ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɯɟɥɚɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ. Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɡ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ Mn(II) ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɡɨɧɨɦ ɢɨɧɨɜ
Mn(III), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɞɨ ɋɈ2 ɢ ɇ2Ɉ, ɚ Mn(III)
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ Mn(II).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɸɬ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɋɈ2 ɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɚɦ ɨɡɨɧ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɐȻɄ.
186
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɂ ȾȿȽɊȺȾȺɐɂɂ
ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɅɉɄ
ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɈɇɇȺə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɄɈɊɕ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɐɕ ɄȺɄ ɉɊɂɆȿɊ
Ɋȿɒȿɇɂə ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɆɇɈȽɈɌɈɇɇȺɀɇɈȽɈ ɈɌɏɈȾȺ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɛɤɢɧ, ɇ.ȼ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ, ɘ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɥɤɨɜ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 40% ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɨɬɜɚɥ. Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 18-25% ɨɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ, ɢ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ 184 ɤɝ/ɦ3
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ʉɨɪɚ ɫɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɜɚɥɚɯ ɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬ ɜɪɟɞ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ: ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɜɨɞɨɟɦɵ
ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ – ɜɨɫɤ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ȺɈɄ), ɬɚɧɧɢɞɵ,
ɩɟɤɬɢɧ ɢ ɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɥɚɝɢ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɤɪɟɦɨɜ ɢ
ɦɚɡɟɣ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨ-ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȺɈɄ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɤ
IV
ɤɥɚɫɫɭ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
(ɦɚɥɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ),
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɝɚɫɬɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ,
ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɞɨɡɚɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɐɇɋ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɬɚɧɧɢɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɛɹɳɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɭ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɬɪɨɩɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɨɣ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ
ɧɚɧɨɛɢɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭ ɤɨɪɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɟɧ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɚɦɢ.
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ 1 ɦ3 ɤɨɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ 9,5 ɬɵɫ. ɪɭɛ, ɩɪɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 36%.
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɆȿɊɈɉɊɂəɌɂɃ ɉɈ
ɋɇɂɀȿɇɂɘ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ ɇȺ ȼɈȾɇɕȿ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɕ ȼȻɅɂɁɂ ɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂɃ
ɅȿɋɈɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺ
Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ⱦɹɝɢɥɟɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ
187
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɚɯ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ. ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɋɉɛȽɌɍ Ɋɉ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɩɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɦɢ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɢ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ.
Ɉɛɨɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ- ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɧɟɮɟɥɢɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɎɄ ɜ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ. Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ-ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɜ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ.
ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɈɊȽȺɇɈɆɂɇȿɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊ
ɐȿɅȿȼɈȽɈ ɇȺɁɇȺɑȿɇɂə ȼ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɈɑɂɋɌɄɂ ȼɈȾɕ ɈɌ
ɅɂȽɇɂɇɇɕɏ ɉɊɂɆȿɋȿɃ
Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ⱦɹɝɢɥɟɜɚ, ɇ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɬ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ-ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɧɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɟɮɟɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ (ɇɎɄ), ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɫɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ. ɗɬɚ ɰɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɝɪɹɡɟɣ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ
ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ - ɩɨɥɢɮɟɩɚɧɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ
ɯɢɦɢɢ» ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ (ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ,
ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ
ɨɛɳɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɪɇ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ. Ƚɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ
188
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɢɯ
ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɯ
ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ -ɥɢɝɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ» ɯɢɦɢɢ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɌȿɏɇɈȽȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ ɁȿɅȿɇɂ ȿɅɂ ɋɂȻɂɊɋɄɈɃ
ȿ.ȼ. ɂɝɧɚɬɨɜɚ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɟɧ ɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɚ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ
ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɣ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ – ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɬɶɢɰɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɷɩɢɞɟɪɦɢɫɚ ɯɜɨɢ (ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ) ɢ
ɧɟɨɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɟɜɲɢɯ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ ɟɥɢ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ (Picea obovata Ledeb.). ȼɵɛɨɪ ɟɥɢ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ
ɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨɞɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɟɥɢ
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ
ɢ
ɫɥɚɛɨɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ. Ɏɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ
ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ 60 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɷɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. ɉɪɢ
ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ ɚɷɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɚ ȼ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥ Ⱥ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɞɭɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɟɥɢ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
189
ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄȺ ɂ ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɂ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ȼ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɇɈ-ȻɍɆȺɀɇɈɃ
ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ
Ɍ.Ɏ. Ʌɢɱɭɬɢɧɚ, Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ƚɭɫɚɤɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨ-ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ, ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɢ
ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɐɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɭɸ
ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɜɟɡɞɟ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ; ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ/ɫɛɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɏɉɄ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɨɦ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ «ɬɪɭɞɧɨɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɭɸ» ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɏɉɄ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ / ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ Ɂȼ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ȿɋ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦ ȿɋ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ /ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ ɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ.
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ȼ
ɅȿɋɈɋɂȻɂɊɋɄɈɆ ɅȿɋɈɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈɆ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȿ
ɋ.Ɉ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜ, Ɋ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ (ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ) ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɥɟɫɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɟɫɚ, ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ Ʌɟɫɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɥɟɫɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ – ɦɹɝɤɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɟ (ɨɩɢɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ) ɢ ɥɟɫɨɫɟɱɧɵɟ
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
190
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɪɢɤɟɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɛɪɢɤɟɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɥɢɡɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ʌɟɫɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɛɢɨɝɚɡɚ,
ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɶɟɡɨɬɟɪɦɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɛɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ –
ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɋɈ2-ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɚ, ɨɛɟɫɯɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɟɬɜɢ ɢ ɫɭɱɶɹ – ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɨɫɟɤɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ (ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ) ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ, ɫɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɈɌȻȿɅɄȺ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɋɈɊɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
Ɉ.ȼ. Ɋɚɫɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢɇɐ ɍɪɈɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨ-ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɢ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ȼ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɨɜɚɪ ɢ ɫɭɱɤɨɜɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ. Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɭɱɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɜɚɪɚ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ, ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɳɟɩɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɚɪɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɪɚ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 % ɨɬ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɋ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɭ, ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɟɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɨɛɟɪɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɚ.
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɚ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɈȺɈ
«Ɇɨɧɞɢ ɋɅɉɄ», ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɮɢɧɟɪɚɯ ɜ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ, ɢɡ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ (ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ~ 1:1). Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ: ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɦɨɥɚ 20 ºɒɊ, ɛɟɥɢɡɧɚ 8 % ISO, ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ 127 Ʉɚɩɩɚ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɞɥɹ
ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ: Ⱦ – ɓɩ – Ⱦ – ɓɩ – Ⱦ, ɝɞɟ Ⱦ – ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ClO2;
ɓɩ – ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 47 %
ISO, ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ – 4 Ʉɚɩɩɚ. ȼ ɜɢɞɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɚɡɨɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ. Ɉɬɛɟɥɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ HNO3 – NaOH – ClO2, ɫ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ClO2
ɞɨ 2 % ɨɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ȼɟɥɢɡɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ 85 % ISO,
ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ – 1 Ʉɚɩɩɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞ – 54 %.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ
ɫɯɟɦɚɦ Ⱦ – ɓɩ – Ⱦ – ɓɩ – Ⱦ ɢ HNO3 – NaOH – ClO2 . ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ClO2 ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɚ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 85 % ISO, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ.
191
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɈɊɍȻɈɑɇɕɏ ɈɋɌȺɌɄɈȼ ȾɅə ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂə
ɌɈɊɎəɇɕɏ ɋɍȻɋɌɊȺɌɈȼ ȼ ɅȿɋɈɉɂɌɈɆɇɂɄȺɏ
ȿ.ȼ. Ɋɨɛɨɧɟɧ1, ɇ.ɉ. ɑɟɪɧɨɛɪɨɜɤɢɧɚ1, Ɇ.ɂ. Ɂɚɣɰɟɜɚ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɥɟɫɚ Ʉɚɪɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ
ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɭɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ, ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɫ ɬɨɪɮɨɦ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɹɧɰɟɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɨɪɭɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ
ɡɟɥɟɧɶ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ – ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, ɨɥɶɯɢ, ɢɜɵ, ɨɫɢɧɵ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɸ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɪɭɛɨɱɧɵɯ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ (ɁɄɋ), ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɥɟɫɨɩɢɬɨɦɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ (ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ) ɛɵɥɢ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ: ɛɟɪɟɡɚ ɩɨɜɢɫɥɚɹ (Betula pendula Roth), ɨɥɶɯɚ ɫɟɪɚɹ (Alnus incana L.), ɢɜɚ ɤɨɡɶɹ
(Salix caprea L.). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ –
ɪɨɝɨɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɥɢɫɬɧɵɣ (Typha latifolia L.). Ɋɨɝɨɡ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ. Ɂɚɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɛɟɝɢ ɢɜɵ, ɨɥɶɯɢ,
ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɝɨɡɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 30 – 350ɋ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2 – 3 ɧɟɞɟɥɶ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ
ɟɳɟ 2 – 3 ɧɟɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɬɨɪɮɨɦ. Ɍɨɪɮ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɥɢ
ɞɨɥɨɦɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɭɤɨɣ, 2 ɤɝ ɦ-3.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɵ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ
ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɬɨɪɮ, ɞɨɥɨɦɢɬɨɜɚɹ ɦɭɤɚ) ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɁɄɋ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɢɜɵ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 12,3 ɢ 18,7 % ɨɛ. ɉɪɢ
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɚ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜ
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 1/3 ɞɥɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɢɜɵ, 1/5 ɞɥɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɨɥɶɯɢ ɢ 1/7 ɞɥɹ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ. ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 50% ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɹɧɰɟɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɁɄɋ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɊȺɁɆɈɅȺ ɇȺ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ȼɌɈɊɂɑɇɈȽɈ ȼɈɅɈɄɇȺ ɂɁ
ɆȺɄɍɅȺɌɍɊɕ ɆȺɊɄɂ Ɇɋ-11ȼ
Ƚ.ȼ. ɋɜɟɪɞɥɢɤ1, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɭɥɶɤɢɧ2, ɂ.ɇ. Ʉɨɜɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɢɣ2
1 - ɈɈɈ "ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ" ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ ɊɎ
2 - ɈɈɈ "ɍɄ"ɈȻɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɟ Ɏɚɛɪɢɤɢ" Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɊɎ
[email protected]
ȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɨɥ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ,
ɤɚɤ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɳɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɢ ɮɢɛɪɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
ɥɢɫɬɚ, ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɬɨɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɢɯ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɬ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ – ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ. ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ – ɨɬ 1,41 ɦɦ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɩɨɦɨɥɚ 23 ɨɒɊ, ɞɨ 1,17 ɦɦ, ɩɪɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ 42 ɨɒɊ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ
ɞɥɢɧɵ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 0,012 ɦɦ ɧɚ 1 ɨɒɊ.
192
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɬɚɛɥ.1, ɨɪɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ; ɩɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɪɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ
ɧɚ 30-33%, ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚ 19 ɨɒɊ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ,
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ
WRV, %
ɦɦ
Ɉɪɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɟ, %
ȼɨɥɨɤɧɨ
ɩɨɦɨɥɚ, ɨɒɊ
ȼɨɥɨɤɧɨ ɢɡ
ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ
ɦɚɪɤɢ Ɇɋ-11ȼ
23
27
120
133
1,41
1,31
- 10,8
32
142
1,25
- 6,8
38
152
1,22
- 7,0
42
160
1,17
- 5,7
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
19 ɨɒɊ
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
40 %
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
0,24 ɦɦ
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
(-) 30-33%
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ «ɨɪɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɟ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ (ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ, ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ), ɬɨ
ɟɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɦɨɥɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ.
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə ɇȺ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɍ
ɇ.ɉ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ
Ʉɏ ȻɂɈ (ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ)
[email protected]
Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɜ ɊɎ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ
ɬɨɧɧ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ. ɋɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨ-ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
(ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɨɝɨ (ɅɋɄ), ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɚ, ɛɢɨɰɢɞɨɜ, ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥɚ, ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚ, ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ, ɫɤɢɩɢɞɚɪɚ,
ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɨɜ, ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ, ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɪɵ – ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ,
ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ, ɦɟɬɢɥɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɪɨɦɫɬɨɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɩɨɥɢɯɥɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɏɉɄ), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɚ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ (ȻɉɄ) – ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ (Ⱥɂ). ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɞɨɥɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɚɹ
ɤɚɤ ȻɉɄ/ɏɉɄ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ – 25-30%
ɞɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ 70%.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ (Ɉɋ) – ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɥ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ (ɡɨɨɝɥɟɣ), ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ɋɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
193
ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɹ, ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɹ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ. ȼɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ
ɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ; ɪɚɡɨɜɨɟ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɩɨ ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (10-44
%), ɪɇ (1.7-12.5), ȻɉɄ (120-300 ɦɝ/ɥ), ɏɉɄ (500-4700 ɦɝ/ɥ), ɅɋɄ (40-90 ɦɝ/ɥ ɩɪɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɨ 350 ɦɝ/ɥ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ); ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ O2 (ɨɬ 0.1 ɞɨ 3.3-4.5 ɦɝ/ɥ) ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɨɧ ɢɡ
ɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ⱥɂ (ɧɚ 91-97 %). Ɍɚɤɠɟ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ,
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɳɟɥɨɤɚɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɤ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ
ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɜ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɹ, ɪɚɫɩɵɥɹɹ ɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɹ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɸ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ, ɪɚɫɩɚɞɭ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɵɥɟɧɢɸ Ⱥɂ, ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ (ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɵɥɟɜɢɞɧɭɸ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɸ), ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɱɭɠɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ (ɧɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚɯ). ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ – ɜɵɧɨɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ) ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɜ
ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ (ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɩɥɟɧɤɢ) ɫ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ.
Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢ ɧɟ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɛɢɨɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ-ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚɯ (Ⱥɗ), ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ:
ɚ) ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ – ɝɢɞɪɨɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɱɢɫɥɨ Ⱥɗ ɢ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɨɥɹ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ Ⱥɂ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɥɚ; ɛ) ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, pH, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ
(NPK), ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɜ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ,
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ȼɢɨɰɟɧɨɡ Ɉɋ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨɞɢɱɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɧɟɛɨɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɢɨɪɢɬɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ȼ
ɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ Ⱥɗ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɬɟɪɦɨɛɢɨɡɚ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ 41-43q ɋ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɫɟ
ɜɢɞɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɬɟɪɦɨ- ɢ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɲɬɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. ɉɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɍɎɥɭɱɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ), ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɤ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɚ,
ɷɥɢɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɟ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɚ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɪɟɡɤɢɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ Ⱥɂ (ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ), ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ Sphaerotilus natans. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ
ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɜɭɱɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ
ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɍɠɟ ɩɪɢ 10-20 %
ɞɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ. ɇɢɬɱɚɬɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɍɎ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ Ⱥɗ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ, ɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ:
1. Ɉɛɢɥɢɟ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɢɥɨɜɨɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɟ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɣ 94-97 % ɨɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ (940-970 ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 80-120 ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɹ).
194
2. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
ɫɜɟɪɯɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɵɧɨɫɚɦ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɧɨɫɚ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɨɛɟɡɜɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
4. ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɥɚ ɜ Ⱥɗ. Ʉɚɤ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɞɨɥɹ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ, ɜ
ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟɨɫɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
5. ɇɢɬɱɚɬɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ,
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɠɧɸɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ.
Ɉɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ʉɨɬɥɚɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɐȻɄ (ɫ ɢɸɥɹ 2007 ɝ. ɮɢɥɢɚɥ ɈȺɈ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
”ɂɥɢɦ”), ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɚ. ɍɱɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɉɋ
ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 2003 ɩɨ 2009 ɝɝ. ɛɟɡ ɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ – ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɦɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɤ ɥɟɬɧɟɦɭ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 97-98 % ɩɨ ȻɉɄ5 (ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ 92.5 %) [1]. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɛɵɥ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ – ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Ⱥɂ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɢ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɉɋ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ Ⱥɂ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ (ɨɤɢɫɥɹɸɳɟɣ)
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ:
1. ɐɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ – ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
2. ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɜɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ).
3. ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ – ɬɢɩ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɯ
ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ Ɉɋ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ Ⱥɂ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɩɭɫɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ Ⱥɂ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɫɢɬɶ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɡɨɨɝɥɟɹ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɟɟ ɜ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. 1. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ ɇ.ɉ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɫɬɨɤɨɜ // ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, 2009, ʋ 12, ɫ. 72-79.
195
ɇȺɄɈɉɅȿɇɂȿ L-ȺɊȽɂɇɂɇȺ ȼ ɏȼɈȿ ɋɈɋɇɕ ɈȻɕɄɇɈȼȿɇɇɈɃ ɉɊɂ
ɊȿȽɍɅəɐɂɂ ȺɁɈɌɇɈȽɈ ɂ ȻɈɊɇɈȽɈ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂə
ɇ.ɉ. ɑɟɪɧɨɛɪɨɜɤɢɧɚ1, ȿ.ȼ. Ɋɨɛɨɧɟɧ1, Ɇ.ɂ. Ɂɚɣɰɟɜɚ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɥɟɫɚ Ʉɚɪɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ,
ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ L-ɚɪɝɢɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɧɵ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɭ (ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɛɨɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 0,12 ɢ 0,0008% ɨɬ
ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ) ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɞ ɫɨɫɧɭ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 180 ɤɝ
ɝɚ-1 ɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɛɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 1,5 ɤɝ ɝɚ-1 ɫɭɯɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɜɨɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚɫɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ 2,7 ɢ 3,5 ɪɚɡɚ (ɧɚ 167 ɢ 246% ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ). ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɛɨɪɨɦ,
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɨɫɶ. ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ (ɛɟɡ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɭ) ɫɭɦɦɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 0,82 ± 0,07 ɤɝ ɬ-1 ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɯɜɨɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ 19 ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ȼ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢɫɶ
ɝɥɭɬɚɦɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (15% ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ) ɢ ɚɪɝɢɧɢɧ (12%). Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɚɡɨɬɨɦ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɛɨɪɨɦ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨ 2,35 ± 0,21 ɢ 2,67 ± 0,24 ɤɝ ɬ-1
ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ L-ɚɪɝɢɧɢɧɚ. ȿɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
0,1±0,01 ɤɝ ɬ-1 ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ, ɜ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɡɨɬɚ – 1,26±0,10, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɛɨɪɚ – 2,03±0,17 ɤɝ ɬ-1 ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ L-ɚɪɝɢɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɜ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ
ɜ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɚɡɨɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɛɨɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ 12,2 ɢ 19,7 ɪɚɡ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 53 ɢ 76% ɨɬ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ L-ɚɪɝɢɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɯɜɨɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
196
ɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȾɅə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɂ ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɂ ȾɅə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ȻɂɈɌɈɉɅɂȼȺ
ɍɅɖɌɊȺɁȼɍɄɈȼȺə ȾȿɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə ɅɂȽɇɈɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɭɬɟɧɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ.Ƚ. ɋɭɥɶɦɚɧ, ɗ.Ɇ. ɋɭɥɶɦɚɧ
Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ.Ɍɜɟɪɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ȼɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɟɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ (ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ).
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.
ɍɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ: ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɩɢɥɤɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɞɨ 14.2% ɢ
16% ɨɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɚ.ɫ.ɜ.) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɧɚ 7.4% ɨɬ ɚ.ɫ.ɜ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɛɵɥɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ. ȼ ɂɄ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ
(ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ),
ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɥɢɧɢɹ 1428ɫɦ-1, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɹ
1034 ɫɦ-1, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɋ-ɇ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɥɶɰɟ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ɧɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɫɢɪɢɧɝɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɚ ɜ ɨɡɜɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
197
ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɕȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ
ȻɂɈɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼ
ɍɅɖɌɊȺɁȼɍɄɈȼɈȿ ɗɄɋɌɊȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȺɇɌɈɐɂȺɇɈȼɕɏ ɉɂȽɆȿɇɌɈȼ ɂɁ
ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ɍ.ɋ. Ʌɨɡɨɜɫɤɚɹ1, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɢɥɚɧɨɜɚ2, ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɪɵɥɶɫɤɚɹ1, ȼ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɥɨɬɨɜ1
1 - ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
2 - ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ⱥɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɶ (Anthocyanins – E163), ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ,
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ: ȿ122, ȿ124, ȿ128, ȿ129, ȿ131,
ȿ132, ȿ133.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
Ʉɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɠɢɦɨɤ ɹɝɨɞ ɱɟɪɧɢɤɢ, ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɨ-ɹɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɂɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 1 ɝ ɡɚɥɢɜɚɥɢ 15 ɫɦ3 ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (65-70 0ɋ, 90 ɦɢɧɭɬ) ɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ (65 W, 50
0
ɋ, 15 ɦɢɧɭɬ) ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ
ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ (1% HCl) ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ: ɜɨɞɚ; ɜɨɞɚ : ɷɬɚɧɨɥ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ : ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ (mɜɨɞɚ=mɫɩɢɪɬ).
ɉɪɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɤ ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɦ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ - ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ, ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɭ ɩɪɢ t=18-25 0ɋ.
Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɟɧ ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɶ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ: ɜɨɞɚ, ɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ.
ɗɇȿɊȽɈɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ
ɎɂɅɖɌɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ȽɈɊȿɇɂə
Ƚ.Ȼ. Ɇɚɧɟɥɢɫ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɫɥɨɜ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ɋɚɥɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ, ɋ.ȼ. Ƚɥɚɡɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɗɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ Ɇɢɧɷɧɟɪɝɨ ɛɵɥ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ – ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ.
198
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 100 ɦɥɧ ɬɨɧɧ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ
ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɺ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɢɥɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ
ɂɉɏɎ ɊȺɇ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɨɦ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɄɉȾ ɩɪɢ ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɥɚɠ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɨ 70% ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ
ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɤɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡ ɢ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɠɢɝɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɦ ɤɨɬɥɟ
ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɣ ɝɚɡ
ɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ (ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ) ɢ Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɢ
(ɝ. Ʌɚɩɩɟɪɚɧɬɚ), ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ.
ɉɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɭ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ
ɥɟɫɨɫɟɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɡɚɦɟɳɚɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ
ɞɟɲɟɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɢɡ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 09-03-00623a).
ɈɌɏɈȾɕ ȻɂɈɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ
ȻɂɈɆȺɋɋɕ - ɇɈȼɈȿ ɋɕɊɖȬ ȾɅə ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ
ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ
ɇ.ɗ. ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ, Ⱦ.ȼ. əɲɭɧɫɤɢɣ, Ⱦ.ȿ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ɇɟɧɶɲɨɜ, ɘ.ȿ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ,
Ⱥ.Ɉ. ɑɢɠɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ƚɪɚɱɟɜ
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɝɥɢɤɨɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɬɨɜ, ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɉɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɨ
ɫɢɪɨɩɨɜ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɚ, ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɯ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɟɺ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ,
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɭɬɟɣ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɚɥɨ
ɢɡɭɱɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜ.
199
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɆȺȽɇɂɌɇɈȽɈ ɂɁɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ɑȺɋɌɈɌ ɇȺ
ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁ ɉɈɅɂɎɊɍɄɌȺɁȺɇɈȼ ɄɅɍȻɇȿɃ ɌɈɉɂɇȺɆȻɍɊȺ
ȿ.ɇ. Ɉɮɢɰɟɪɨɜ, ȼ.Ƚ. ɉɟɜɝɨɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɉɦɟɥɶɤɨɜ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ Ⱦ.ɂ. Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ
[email protected]
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ –
ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɟ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ. ɗɬɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ – ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɡɚɞɚɱɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɲɤɚɥɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ.
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ (Hz)
1kHz
1MHz
1GHz
1THz
1PHz
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017
18
10 1019 1020 1021
Ɂɜɭɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ
X-ray
Gamma
Ɋɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
Ɍɟɪɚɝɟɪɵ
ɂɄ
ɍɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬ
Ɂɜɭɤɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
10-104 Hz, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɡɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɭɥɢɧɚ, ɮɪɭɤɬɨɡɧɵɯ ɫɢɪɨɩɨɜ ɢɡ
ɬɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ.
Ɋɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 17 ɢ 25 ɤȽɰ.
ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɢɧɭɥɢɧɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ
ɫɵɪɶɟ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ 2.4 ȽȽɰ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ 45 ɪɚɡ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ.
ɍɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬ. ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɫ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɜɤɥɚɞɵ ɞɨ 10 – 20 ɤȼɬ ɜ cm3 ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɡɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɞɟɲɟɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ.
Ɍɟɪɚɝɟɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ. ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ
ɯɢɦɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɬɟɪɚɝɟɪɰɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ.
200
ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɂ ɇɈȼɕȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ
ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ
Ɉ ɄȺɉɂɅɅəɊɇɈɃ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȿ ɆȺɄɍɅȺɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ ɅɂɋɌȺ
Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɝɟɟɜ
ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ.ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɪɨɫɩɭɫɤ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɟ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ
ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ
ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɜɩɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ – ɩɨɪɵ. ɇɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɪ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɚɪɤɢ Ɇɋ-3Ⱥ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨ-ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɪɚɦɢ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɷɤɫɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ – Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
0,15
0,32
0,42
0,51
0,57
0,78
ɩɚɪɨɜ, ( p p s )
0,0325 0,0600 0,0671 0,0810 0,0952 0,1404
Ⱥɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ, ( a ), ɝ/ɝ
ɉɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ V aQ m , ɡɞɟɫɶ a - ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ;
Qm
18 ˜ 10
6
Q m - ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɬɢɜɚ-ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ (ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ
3
ɦ /ɦɨɥɶ).
ɉɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ r 2VQ m / RT ln p s p , ɝɞɟ V 72,5 ˜10 3 , Ⱦɠ/ɦ2 – ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ
ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɚɬɚ (ɜɨɞɵ); R 8,31 , Ⱦɠ/ɦɨɥɶ*Ʉ – ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ;
T 293 , Ʉ – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ p s p , ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɵ ɲɚɪɨɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɢɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɪɚɯ.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɢɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ
ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚɦ ɜ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ V f r ɢ 'V 'r f r ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɪ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɝɨ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ (ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɚɪɤɢ Ɇɋ-3Ⱥ) ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0,565 ˜10 9 – 4,323 ˜10 9 ɦ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ 140,4 ˜10 6 ɦ3/ɤɝ, ɢɥɢ 14 % ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɜɥɚɝɢ.
201
ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɃ ɉɈȾɏɈȾ Ʉ ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈ-ɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɇɕɏ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ
Ʌ.ɂ. Ȼɟɥɶɱɢɧɫɤɚɹ, Ɉ.ɘ. ɋɬɪɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɇ.Ⱥ. ɏɨɞɨɫɨɜɚ
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ, ɤɚɤ ɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɟɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ (ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ – ɧɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɚɬɨɦɨɜ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ).
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɫ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ
ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ (ȾɉɄɆ), ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ – ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ,
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ: 1)
ɭɥɶɬɪɚɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɞɨ 5%, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ; 2) ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɰɟɨɥɢɬ ɤɥɢɧɨɩɬɢɥɨɥɢɬ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ (ȾɉɄɆ); 3) ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ, ɢɧɬɟɪɤɚɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ
ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ ɫ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ,
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ: ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ȾɉɄɆ ɛɟɡ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ;
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȾɉɄɆ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ; ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ, ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɭɸ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȾɉɄɆ.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɄɈɊɆɈȼɕɏ ȾɈȻȺȼɈɄ ȻɂɈɄɈɇȼȿɊɋɂȿɃ
ɅɂȽɇɈɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɇɕɏ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ
ȼ.ɋ. Ȼɨɥɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɍ.ɉ. ɐɟɞɪɢɤ, ɘ.ɇ. ɉɨɝɨɪɟɥɨɜɚ
Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɟɦɵɦ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɥɨɤɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
202
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɨɤɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɥɢ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ
ɝɨɞɵ. ɋɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɥɟɫɨɩɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ (ɨɩɢɥɤɢ,
ɦɚɥɨɰɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨ-ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɫɨɥɨɦɚ ɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɦɚɫɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɤɨɫɬɪɚ ɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ (ɰɟɥɥɨɥɢɝɧɢɧ). ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ
ɛɢɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ
ɞɥɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ.
ɇɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ɏɉȾ ȻȽɌɍ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɛɟɥɨɤɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɨɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɫɨɥɨɦɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɮɚ ɫ
ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ 8,5-15,6% ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɚ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. 713,6% ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɥɢɝɧɨɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɨɤɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ.
Ɉ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɂ ɐȿɅȿɋɈɈȻɊȺɁɇɈɋɌɂ ɄɂɋɅɈɃ ɋɍɅɖɎɂɌɇɈɃ ȼȺɊɄɂ
ȼ ɐȻɉ
ɂ.ɋ. Ƚɟɥɟɫ
ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɐȻɉ ɫɬɨɹɥɨ ɧɚ «ɞɜɭɯ ɧɨɝɚɯ» - ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɦ (ɋɎȺ) ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɨɦ (ɋɎɂ)
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɪɢ
ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ. ɍ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ: ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɟɟ ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɛɟɫɯɥɨɪɧɭɸ
ɨɬɛɟɥɤɭ, ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɉɪɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɋɎɂ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ, ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ. ɍɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ (ɅɋɎ) ɞɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
(ɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ȼɵɯɨɞ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɧɬɨɡ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɲɬɚɦɦɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɋɎɂ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ
«ɛɢɨɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ». ɅɋɎ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɵ ɋɎɂ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜ ɐȻɉ ɫɜɟɞɟɧ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ
ɷɬɨɝɨ – ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɟ ɧɚ Na –
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ
ɅɋɎ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ ɦɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ: ɫɦɨɥɚ ɢɡ ɅɋɎ ɜ ɇ+- ɮɨɪɦɟ ĺ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɧɚ Na+ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɅɋɎ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɅɋɎ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ɞɚɥɟɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɫɦɨɥɵ) ĺ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɹ Na+ ɢ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ SO2ĺ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɫɦɨɥɚ ɜ ɇ+- ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ĺ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɹ SO2… ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɨɜ (ɋɄ) ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ Na+ - ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ
ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɵ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɦɨɥ ɢɡ ɅɋɎ ɜ ɇ+- ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɋɄ, ɧɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɨɥ ɢɡ ɅɋɎ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚɦɢ
ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɨɥ ɢɡ ɅɋɎ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ
203
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɚɯ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɨɧɚ ɇ+ ɧɚ Na+ ɢɡ ɅɋɎ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ) ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɫɦɨɥɭ. ɋɦɨɥɵ ɢɡ ɅɋɎ ɜ ɇ+- ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɤɚɬɨɜ. ɋɦɨɥɵ ɢɡ ɅɋɎ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ
ɋɄ, ɬ.ɤ. ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɅɋɎ ɜ ɇ+- ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɚɪɤɚɯ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ
ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ SO2 (ɛɟɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ). ɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɋɎɂ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ. Ȼɟɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɐȻɉ.
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɊɂɋɈȼɈɃ
ɒȿɅɍɏɂ
ɋ.ȼ. ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ, ɘ.ɂ. ɋɭɯɚɪɧɢɤɨɜ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜ ɤ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɍɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɵɣ ɨɬɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɪɢɫɚ – ɪɢɫɨɜɚɹ ɲɟɥɭɯɚ (Ɋɒ), ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ
ɲɟɥɭɯɢ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɪɢɫɨɜɨɣ ɲɟɥɭɯɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 300 ɤɝ/ɫɭɬɤɢ Ɋɒ. ȼɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɨɟ
ɞɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ a 3-5% ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɩɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯ
ɛɭɧɤɟɪɨɜ, ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɞɨɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɲɧɟɤɨɜɵɣ
ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɢ 600-650 qɋ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ. Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ɜɵɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɯ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɦɢ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ɉɚɪɨɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɜɨɞɨɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɚɡɨɨɬɜɨɞ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɮɨɪ-ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɫɨ ɫɦɨɥɨɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɦ ɢ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ. Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɚɪɭ. ɇɟɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɝɚɡɵ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɫɭɲɤɢ Ɋɒ, ɝɞɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɫɭɲɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ
(ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ).
Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ
ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɥɚɫɬɨɦɟɪɨɜ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɬɢɰɵ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɨ 1% ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɜɵɲɟ 50% - ɞɟɡɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ
ɝɥɨɛɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɨɬɨɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ.
204
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑɇɕɃ ɋɉɈɋɈȻ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ȺɇɌɊȺɏɂɇɈɇɈȼɈȽɈ
ɄȺɌȺɅɂɁȺɌɈɊȺ ȾȿɅɂȽɇɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ȼ ɉɊɂɋɍɌɋɌȼɂɂ
ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ ȽȿɌȿɊɈɉɈɅɂɄɂɋɅɈɌ
ȿ.Ƚ. ɀɢɠɢɧɚ, ȼ.Ɏ. Ɉɞɹɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɦ. Ƚ.Ʉ. Ȼɨɪɟɫɤɨɜɚ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɚɯɢɧɨɧɚ (Ⱥɏ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɛɟɧɡɨɥɚ ɮɬɚɥɟɜɵɦ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ ɩɨ Ɏɪɢɞɟɥɸ-Ʉɪɚɮɬɫɭ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɰɢɤɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɪɬɨɛɟɧɡɨɢɥɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ –
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ Ⱥɏ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ɇɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɏ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ Mo-V-Ɋ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɩɨɥɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ȽɉɄ), ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ȽɉɄ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɛɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ (ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ) ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɏ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ (1)+(2), ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɜ
ɜ one-pot ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɞɢɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɚɞɞɭɤɬɨɜ [1].
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ
ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ.
ȽɉɄ
-2e, -2H+
Ƚɏ
OH
Ȼɏ
+
O
+
ȽɉɄ
O
O
O
ȽɉɄ
(1)
ȽɉɄ
-4e, -4H+
O
O
ɇɏ
O
O
OH
O
ȽɉɄ
-2e, -2H +
ɇɏ
O
O
ȽɉɄ
-2e, -2H+
(2)
O
O
O
ɌȽȺ
ȾȽȺ
Ⱥɏ
ȼ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ȽɉɄ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ 1,3-ɛɭɬɚɞɢɟɧɚ (Ɋ=1 ɚɬɦ, 70qɋ) ɛɟɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ Ⱥɏ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɧɨɧɚ (Ƚɏ) ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ (1)+(2) ɢɥɢ 1,4ɧɚɮɬɨɯɢɧɨɧɚ (ɇɏ) ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ (2). Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ Ⱥɏ, 1,4,4ɚ,9ɚɬɟɬɪɚɝɢɞɪɨ-9,10-ɚɧɬɪɚɯɢɧɨɧɚ
(ɌȽȺ)
ɢ
1,4-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨ-9,10-ɚɧɬɪɚɯɢɧɨɧɚ
(ȾȽȺ),
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ȽɉɄ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɦɟɫɶ Ⱥɏ +
ɌȽȺ + ȾȽȺ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
[1] ɀɢɠɢɧɚ ȿ.Ƚ., ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ., Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɯ ȼ.ȼ. Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɡ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. 2005.
ʋ 1. C. 12.
ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇȺə ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ȼȿȽȿɌȺɌɂȼɇɈɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ
ɌɈɉɈɅə
ȿ.ȼ. ɂɫɚɟɜɚ, Ɍ.ȼ. Ɋɹɡɚɧɨɜɚ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ. Ɍɨɩɨɥɶ
ɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ (ɗɆ) ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɨɩɨɥɹɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ.
205
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɝɨɧɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɗɆ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 91 %), ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ –
ɛɢɡɚɛɨɥɨɥ (15-30 %) ɢ ɷɜɞɟɫɦɨɥ (23-38 %). ɗɆ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ
ɚɧɬɢɮɭɧɝɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ, ɛɨɥɟɟ 96 %, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɋɊȼ). ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ: 37-41 % ɥɢɩɢɞɵ, 20-23 % ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, 9-14 % ɗɆ, 6-8
% ɜɨɫɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, 3-5 % ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ ɢ ɞɪ. ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɚɧɬɢɮɭɧɝɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ.
Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɗɆ ɢ ɋɊȼ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ: ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɰɟɬɨɜ
ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɬɢɩɚ «Ɍɪɢɯɨɞɟɪɦɢɧ» ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ (4,3˜109 ɄɈȿ/ɝ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ) ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ; ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ (ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ 34,4%, ɫɵɪɚɹ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɚ 17,6 %, ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧ, 31,2 ɦɝ/ɤɝ, ɫɵɪɨɣ
ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧ 6,6 %); ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ – ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɵ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɜɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ (21,6 ɆȾɠ/ɤɝ) ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɤ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦɭ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɭ; ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚɬɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɵɟ ɞɪɨɠɠɢ. Ʉɭɛɨɜɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɗɆ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɬɢɩɚ
«Ɍɪɢɯɨɞɟɪɦɢɧ» ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɫ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɬɢɬɪɨɦ ɫɩɨɪ, ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɝɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɨɩɨɥɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɝɚɦɦɭ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ȽȺɁɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɕɏ ɈɉɂɅɈɄ ȼ ɉɋȿȼȾɈɈɀɂɀȿɇɇɈɆ ɋɅɈȿ
ɆȿɌȺɅɅɍɊȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɒɅȺɄɈȼ
Ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ1, Ɇ.Ʌ. ɓɢɩɤɨ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɭɞɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ2
1 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ-ɝɚɡɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ) ɜ
ɩɫɟɜɞɨɨɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɤɨɤɫɚ ɭɠɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ
ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɦɨɥ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ-ɝɚɡ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧ ɫɦɨɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɹɦɢ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɤɨɤɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɜ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɨɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɲɥɚɤɨɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɝɚɡɚ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ: ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ-ɝɚɡ (ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ), ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ-ɝɚɡ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɢɥɨɤ ɜ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɦ
ɝɚɡ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɭ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɍɟɩɥɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
206
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ:
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ; ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɨɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ
ɫɥɨɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɢ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɨɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ
ɲɥɚɤɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɪɬɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɲɥɚɤ, ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɭɸ 40 % ɨɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂə ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ ɁȿɅȿɇɂ ɋɂȻɂɊɋɄɂɏ ɌȿɆɇɈɏȼɈɃɇɕɏ ɉɈɊɈȾ
ȿ.ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɟɧɤɨ1, ȼ.ɇ. ɉɚɪɲɢɤɨɜɚ1, Ɋ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ2
1 - Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ, ɝ.Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ.Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɢɯɬɚ ɢ ɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɭɛɤɚ. Ɉɬɞɚɱɚ ɩɢɯɬɨɜɨ–ɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɬɨɰɟɧɨɡɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɟɫɨɫɟɱɧɵɟ
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 20 % ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɛɨɪ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɢ ɭɞɟɲɟɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ɉɛ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɨɞɧɨ–
ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ – ɂɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɢɯɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ,%
Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɟɜ, ɥɟɬ
ɡɟɥɟɧɶ
10-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
80-100 100-120 120-160
ɉɢɯɬɚ
1,52
3,71
3,26
2,81
2,23
1,92
1,70
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɚɹ
ȿɥɶ
0,73
0,88
0,75
0,66
0,53
0,45
0,32
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɚɹ
ɜɵɲɟ
1,54
0,25
ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɡɟɥɟɧɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɟɝɨ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɨɯɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɛɟɝɚɯ ɦɨɥɨɞɧɹɤɚ ɜ 2–3 ɪɚɡɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɨɣɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹɦɢ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɧɹɤɚ ɟɥɢ ɜɞɜɨɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɯɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɛɟɝɚɯ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɩɢɯɬɵ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ
ɢ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɛɤɢ ɫɩɟɥɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɟɜ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɦɚɫɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 1,81 %, ɚ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ – 1,10 %, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ 1,7 ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ. ɋɤɨɪɟɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɟɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɶɸ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬ ɢ
ɨɯɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɛɟɝɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɧɹɤɚ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. ɂɡ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɟɥɨɜɨ–ɩɢɯɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
207
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɐȿɅɅɘɅȺɁ ȾɅə ɋɇɂɀȿɇɂə ȼəɁɄɈɋɌɂ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ
ȼɂɋɄɈɁɇɈɃ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ
Ⱦ.ɇ. ɉɨɲɢɧɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɨɧɞɚɤɨɜ2, ȿ.ȼ. ɇɨɜɨɠɢɥɨɜ1
1 - Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɈɈɈ "ȻɪɚɭɆɟɣɫɬɟɪ", Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɢɫɤɨɡɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɋɉ), ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ
ɋɉ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɫɤɨɡɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɧɞɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɚɡ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ, ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɰɟɩɢ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɋɉ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɧɞɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɚɡ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ Novozymes (Ⱦɚɧɢɹ) ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɨɣ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɜɢɫɤɨɡɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
Ʉɨɬɥɚɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɐȻɄ, ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɧɞɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɚɡ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ,
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ – 215…265 ɦɉɡ. ɗɧɞɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɚɡɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ. ɉɨ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɠɟ
ɩɪɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ Į-ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵ.
Ⱦɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɟɛɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɧɞɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɚɡ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ, ɱɟɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɧɞɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɚɡɚɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ
ɜɢɫɤɨɡɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɚɥɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɟɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ
ɭɠɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɚ ɞɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɭɲɤɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ
ɞɥɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɪɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ
ɷɧɞɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɚɡ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɚɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,2…0,3 ɤɝ/ɬ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ. Ɏɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɜ
ɫɯɟɦɭ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɯɥɨɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɨɬɛɟɥɤɢ ɯɥɨɪɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɍɌɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɂ
ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɂɏ ȼ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ ɗɆɍɅɖɋɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɄȺɍɑɍɄɈȼ
ɂ.ɇ. ɉɭɝɚɱɟɜɚ1, ɋ.ɋ. ɇɢɤɭɥɢɧ1, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ⱦɦɢɬɪɟɧɤɨɜ2
1 - ȽɈɍȼɉɈ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ȽɈɍȼɉɈ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ
ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɯ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
208
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɛɭɬɚɞɢɟɧ-ɫɬɢɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɭɱɭɤ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɢɯ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ. ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɨɜ, ɝɞɟ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɚ ɢɡ
ɥɚɬɟɤɫɚ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ
ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɫ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ, ɫ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɹɸɳɢɦ
ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɨɞ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɫ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ.
ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇȺə ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɄɈɊɕ ɏȼɈɃɇɕɏ ɉɈɊɈȾ
Ɍ.ȼ. Ɋɹɡɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ɇ. ȿɪɟɦɟɧɤɨ, ɇ.Ⱥ. ɑɭɩɪɨɜɚ, ɘ.Ⱥ. Ʌɢɬɨɜɤɚ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɧɟ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɥɚ
ɫɜɨɟɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ, ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɨɤɨɪɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ⱦɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɧ ɤɨɪɵ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɫɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ, ɜɵɜɨɡɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɜɚɥɵ, ɧɚɧɨɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.
ȼ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɤɨɪɤɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ: ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚɦɢ); ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ; ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ;
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɭɠɞ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɝɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ,
ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ, ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɪɦɚɦɢ,
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɪɵ
1. ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɪɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ.
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ 3-5 ɦɢɧ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 40-50 ɨɋ. ȼɵɯɨɞ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ 50-55 % ɨɬ ɚ.ɫ. ɦ. ɤɨɪɵ. Ɉɛɥɚɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɞɨ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (60-90 %) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 20-25 ɨɋ.
209
2. ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ (ɨɞɭɛɢɧɵ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɝɪɢɛɚɦɢ ɪɨɞɚ Trichoderma ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5-7 ɫɭɬ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɭɦɭɫɚ. Ȼɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɬɢɩɚ
“Ɍɪɢɯɨɞɟɪɦɢɧ” ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɢɬɪ ɫɩɨɪ 109 ɫɩ/ɝ .
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɵɦ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ.
210
ɆɈɅɈȾȿɀɇȺə ɄɈɇɎȿɊȿɇɐɂə-ɒɄɈɅȺ «ɎɂɁɂɄɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂə ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɂ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ
ɋɕɊɖə»
ɏɊɈɆȺɌɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɂ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɈȼ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɊɈȾȺ INULA
Ⱥ.Ȼ. ȿɪɦɚɬɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɑɭɞɢɧɨɜ1, ɘ.ɇ. Ȼɭɥɵɱɟɜ2, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ1
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ɢɦ. ɇ.ɇ.Ȼɥɨɯɢɧɚ ɊȺɆɇ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɚ Inula ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ
[1]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ
ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɐɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Inula: I.
britannica, I. helenium, I. aspera, I. germanica ɢ ɞɪ., ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ. ɋɬɚɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɰɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ.
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ȼɗɀɏ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɥɚɧɬɨɥɚɤɬɨɧɚ,
ɢɡɨɚɥɚɧɬɨɥɚɤɬɨɧɚ, ɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɢɧɧɭɱɢɧɟɧɨɥɢɞɚ ɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɩɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ
ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ȼɗɀɏ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ.
ȼɫɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ
ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (NCI-H460, MCF7, SF-268). ɋɪɟɞɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Inula ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ.
1. S.Zhang, Y.-K.Won, C.-N.Ong, H.-M.Shen. Curr. Med. Chem. - Anti-Cancer Agents, 5,
239 (2005)
ȺɆɂɇɈ- ɂ ɀɂɊɇɈɄɂɋɅɈɌɇɕɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɋɄɈɊɅɍɉɕ JUGLANS REGIA L
Ɇ.ȼ. ɀɢɪɧɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ȼ. Ɋɚɯɦɚɞɢɟɜɚ
ȿɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ʌ.ɇ. Ƚɭɦɢɥɺɜɚ, ɝ. Ⱥɫɬɚɧɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɂɡ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɸɝɥɨɧ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɢ
ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ (ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡ ɤɨɠɢ, ɷɤɡɟɦɵ) ɢ ɩɚɪɨɞɨɧɬɨɡɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (ɨɬ 1000 ɞɨ 3000 ɦɝ ɧɚ 100 ɝ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ).
ɐɟɥɶ – ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɦɢɧɨ-, ɠɢɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɡɪɟɥɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɝɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ
(Juglans regia L.), ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
211
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ
ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ – ɦɟɬɨɞ ɝɚɡɨ-ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ( Ƚɀɏ) ɧɚ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɟ ɦɚɪɤɢ
«Ʉɚɪɥɨ ɗɪɛɚ». Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɚɦɢɧɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ
ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɢɡ 0,31% ɤɚɪɛɨɜɚɤɫɚ, 0.28% ɫɢɥɚɪɚ ɢ 0,06% ɥɟɤɫɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɯɪɨɦɨɫɨɪɛɟ WAW. Ƚɚɡɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ – ɝɟɥɢɣ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɧɨ-ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ - 300°ɋ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɹ - 250°ɋ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ (ɩɟɱɢ) - 110°ɋ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ - 250°ɋ.
ɀɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɟ – ɰɟɥɢɬ 545 ɧɚ ɯɪɨɦɨɫɨɪɛɟ
WAW.. Ƚɚɡ-ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ – ɝɟɥɢɣ, ɩɥɚɦɟɧɧɨ-ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɚ-ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ
30 ɦɥ/ɦɢɧ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ 188°ɋ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɟɱɢ - 230°ɋ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɦɢɧɨ- ɢ
ɠɢɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɝɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ (Juglans regia L.). Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ Ƚɀɏ ɜ
ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ 20 ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ – ɝɥɢɰɢɧ,
ɚɫɩɚɪɚɝɢɧ, ɩɪɨɥɢɧ, ɚɥɚɧɢɚ, ɫɟɪɢɧ; ɢ 11 ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɭɸ, ɨɥɟɢɧɨɜɭɸ, ɫɬɟɚɪɢɧɨɜɭɸ, ɩɚɥɶɦɢɬɢɧɨɜɭɸ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ: ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɦɢɧɨ-, ɠɢɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ
Juglans regia L. ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ 20
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ 11 ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
ɎɍɇȽɂɐɂȾɇɕȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɒɊɈɌȺ, ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɂɁ ɄɈɊɇȿɃ L.
MYRIANTHUM
Ƚ.ȿ. ɀɭɫɭɩɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɚɞɟɰɤɚɹ1, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɠɚɦɤɭɥɨɜɚ1, Ʌ.ȼ. Ʉɚɪɟɜɚ2, ɀ.Ɉ. ɂɛɪɚɲɟɜɚ2,
ɇ.ɋ. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ2
1 - Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
2 - Ʉɚɡɇɂɂ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɂɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɧɢ L. myrianthum
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ 50 % ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɵɪɶɟ-ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ – 1:6,
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 6 ɱɚɫɚɦ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ – 22-25 ɨɋ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ,
ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɜɭɦ. ɒɪɨɬ, ɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɨɬɜɚɥ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɛɥɨɤ. ɉɪɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɹɛɥɨɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɨɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɧɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 40-60%. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɚɦɢ, ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɝɢɩɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ,
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ. ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɨɞɥɢɬɶ ɫɪɨɤɢ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ 2-3 ɦɟɫɹɰɚ, ɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɲɪɨɬɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɡɨɰɟɧɚ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɚ) ɢ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ (ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɲɪɨɬ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɩɨ ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɚɦ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɪɢɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ, ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɹɛɥɨɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ. ɉɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɲɪɨɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 4,023 %, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ – 0,11 %, ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ – 6,47 %. ɂɡ
ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ, ɤɚɥɶɰɢɣ, ɤɚɥɢɣ ɢ
ɦɚɝɧɢɣ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɢ ɢɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɨɝɚɬ ɲɪɨɬ, ɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ L. myrianthum, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɡ ɢɯ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ.
212
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɈɉɂɋȺɇɂȿ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ ɂɁɆȿɅɖɑȿɇɂə ɌȼȿɊȾɕɏ
ɑȺɋɌɂɐ ȼ ȺɉɉȺɊȺɌȿ ɊɈɌɈɊɇɈ-ɉɍɅɖɋȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ɌɂɉȺ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɯɥɟɧɤɨ, ɋ.ȿ. Ɉɪɥɨɜ, Ɇ.ɋ. ȼɚɫɢɥɢɲɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (ɊɉȺ).
ɉɭɫɬɶ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ M 0 ( x) , ɝɞɟ
x  0, x max . ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜ ɊɉȺ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ l min ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɸ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ l max – ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɚɸɬɫɹ. ɑɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ( l min , l max )
ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ D (x) , ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, D ( x) 0
ɩɪɢ x d l min ɢ D ( x) 1 ɩɪɢ x t lmax . Ⱦɥɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ l min ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨ
ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɡɨɪɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɚ l max ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
dV (t ) ('t ) 2
˜
V (t ) ˜ 't lmin , ɝɞɟ V (t ) – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ
dt
2
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɊɉȺ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ; 't t 2 t1 – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
x
– ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ x ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ; t1
ZR
a p ac x
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ; t2
– ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ZR
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɸ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, a p , ac – ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
lmax |
ɫɬɚɬɨɪɚ, Z – ɭɝɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ, R – ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɊɉȺ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤ:
xmax
M1 ( x )
³ D (u )M
0
(u )M10 ( x, u )du (1 D ( x))M 0 ( x) , ɝɞɟ M10 ( x, u ) – ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
x
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ u . Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ
M10 ( x, u ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɡɢɧɚ-Ɋɚɦɦɥɟɪɚ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ
ɊɉȺ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɮɚɡ.
213
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ɂɁ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɌɊɈɉɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ɉɈɊɈȾ
Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɢɞɢ1, ɇ.ȿ. Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ2, Ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɨɤɟɟɜ2, ɇ.ɇ. ɋɚɩɪɵɤɢɧɚ2, ȼ.Ʉ. Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɶɟɜ2
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨ-ɦɚɫɟɥ, ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɧɚ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɩɚɥɶɦɵ Rhapis, ɤɚɤɬɭɫɚ Cereus Peruvians ɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɚɰɟɧɵ Dracaena Sanderiana. Ȼɵɥɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ, ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ 13ɋ əɆɊ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ – ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɂɄ-Ɏɭɪɶɟ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ – ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɋɗɆ (ɬɚɛɥ.)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
Dracaena Sanderiana
Cereus Peruvians
Rhapis
ɋɉv
575
220
265
Ʉɪ
0.68
0.70
0.68
ȼɢɞ ɮɢɛɪɢɥɥ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɟ,
ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɚɦɢ
ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ,
ɫ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɨɦ
ɠɝɭɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ,
ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ
ɐɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ Dracaena Sanderiana, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ, ɱɟɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ I ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ. Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɮɢɛɪɢɥɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ɏɢɛɪɢɥɥɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ Dracaena Sanderiana ɢ Rhapis, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɠɝɭɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ
ɮɨɪɦɭ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɚɦɢ. Ɏɢɛɪɢɥɥɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢɡ Cereus Peruvians
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɩɚɥɨɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɤɚɪɤɚɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
214
ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ əɆɊ ȼ ɌȼȿɊȾɈɆ ɌȿɅȿ ȾɅə ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə
ɌȿɊɆɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɊȿȼɊȺɓȿɇɂɃ ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɕɏ ɅɂȽɇɂɇɈȼ
Ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɨɤɟɟɜ1, ȿ.ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ1, ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɭɬɨɜ2, ɂ.ȼ. ɋɭɦɟɪɫɤɢɣ2, ɘ.ɇ. ɋɚɡɚɧɨɜ1, ȼ.ȿ. ɘɞɢɧ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
[email protected]
əɆɊ13ɋ ɜ ɌɌ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɅȽ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɢɡ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ȽɅȽ ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɍɚɜɞɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ʉɢɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ȽɅȽ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɟɣ
ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ – ɬɟɪɦɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ əɆɊ13ɋ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɜ ɌɌ ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɌȽȺ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ 100, 200, 300, 400 ɢ 500ɨɋ ɢ
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ əɆɊ13ɋ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ȽɅȽ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ȾɌȽ ɢ ɞɟɤɨɧɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ əɆɊ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
1. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ȽɅȽ ɩɪɢ
ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 20-500ɨɋ.
2. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȽɅȽ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 280-300ɨɋ.
215
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ VALERIANA OFICINALIS L
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɂɄ ɎɍɊɖȿ-ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɋɄɈɉɂɂ
ȿ.ȼ. Ɉɠɢɦɤɨɜɚ
Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɍɜɟɪɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɮɨɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɡɚɝɭɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɝɚɬɨɪɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɢɤɚɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɜɚɥɟɪɢɚɧɵ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ Valeriana oficinalis L,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɢɡ
ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɨɣɤɢ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ
ɜɚɥɟɪɢɚɧɵ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ: ɪɚɦɧɨɡɚ (21% ɦɚɫɫ),
ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɡɚ (13% ɦɚɫɫ), ɤɫɢɥɨɡɚ (5,5% ɦɚɫɫ), ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɚ (15%ɦɚɫɫ). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ, D-ɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨ-3,6-ɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ;
ɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ( | 33%) ɢ Ɉ-ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɢɤɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ Ɏɭɪɶɟ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɄBr. ɇɚ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 1 ɦɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ 3 ɦɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ 18,4 ɦɝ ɛɪɨɦɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɢɹ. ɉɨɪɨɲɨɤ
ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɚɝɚɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɤɟ; ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0,2 ɞɨ 1 % ɢɦɦɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɇɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɩɢɤɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ: ɋɈɈɇ (s) (1540-1580 ɫɦ1
C-O-C
C - OH (1390-1410 ɫɦ), ɋɈɈɇ (as) (1520-1525 ɫɦ-1),
(1040-1050 ɫɦ-1),
1
) , ɋ-ɋ (1150ɫɦ-1). ɒɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɩɢɤ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ 1078 ɫɦ-1 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɤ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚɦ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ȺɅɘɆɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɈȼ ɇȺ ȼȿɅɂɑɂɇɍ
ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɇɈȽɈ ɁȺɊəȾȺ ȼɈȾɇɈɃ ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɂɂ ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɈȽɈ
ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
ɇ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ⱦɹɝɢɥɟɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (ɋɅ) ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɜ-ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɮɟɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚ, ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɋɟɝɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ Ⱥl2(SɈ4)3 ɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬ-ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɧɬ (ɇɎɄ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɦ
ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɟɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɚ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɸ. Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ
ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 30 ɦɝ/ɥ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ 'Ƚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ 'Ƚ=f(ɪɇ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɪɇ.
216
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɋɅ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɨɜ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɋɅ ɢ ɚɥɸɦɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɇ, ɝɞɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫ
ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɋɅ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɢ
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ, ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɯ
ɥɢɝɧɨɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɵɯ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɇɎɄ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɢ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɲɥɚɦ-ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ.
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆȿɌɈȾȺ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂə ɏȼɈɃɇɈɃ
ɋɈɋɌȺȼɅəɘɓȿɃ ȼ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺɏ
Ʉ.ɋ. ɏɢɬɪɢɧ1, ɋ.Ʌ. Ɏɭɤɫ2, ɋ.ȼ. ɏɢɬɪɢɧ2, Ⱦ.ɋ. Ɇɟɬɟɥɟɜɚ2, ɘ.Ɋ. ɇɢɫɚɧɛɚɟɜɚ2
1 - ɋɌɂ-Ɇɟɞ-ɋɨɪɛ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ȼɹɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɢɪɨɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɫɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɯɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ.
ɂɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ 1030/1130, 1230/1275, 1460/1510, ɝɞɟ: 1030
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɋ-ɇ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ (ȾɄ), ɋ-Ɉ
ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ (ȼɄ) ɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɚɯ ɢ ɋ-Ɉ-ɋ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɦ ȼɄ; 1130ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɋ-ɇ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɧɵɦ ȾɄ, ɋ-Ɉ ȼɄ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɚɯ ɢ ɋ-Ɉ-ɋ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɦ ȼɄ; 1230 - ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ (ɋɄ) ɫɢɪɢɧɝɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɢ ɋ-Ɉ ȼɄ ɜ
ɮɟɧɨɥɚɯ; 1275 - ɋɄ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɢ ɋAr-Ɉ-ɋ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɦ ȼɄ; 1460 – ɋ-ɇ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɦ ȾɄ ɜ ɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ; 1510 – ɋ-ɋ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɋɄ.
Ɉɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɥɢ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. Ȼɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
20 ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ 83%.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɂɄ- ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ
ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ.
217
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɕ ɎɈɋɎɈɅɂɉɂȾɇɈȽɈ
ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɌȺ - ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɌɈɊȺ ɋɂɇɌȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɄȺɍɑɍɄɈȼ
Ɇ.ȿ. ɐɵɝɚɧɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɉ. Ɋɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɢɧɚ1, Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ʌɢɚɤɭɦɨɜɢɱ1, ȿ.ɗ. ɉɨɬɚɩɨɜ2
1 - Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, ɊɎ
2 - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɊɎ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɧɟɤɚɭɱɭɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɚ (ɇɄ) ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ (ɋɄɂ-3), ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɦɚɫɥɨɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɞɜɢɝɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɠɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɵ
ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɵ. Ɏɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ (ɎɅɄ) – ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɵ ɢ ɬɪɢɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɵ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɎɅɄ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɤ ɚɡɨɬɭ (P:N) 1:1, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɤ
ɦɨɧɨɚɦɢɧɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɢɞɚɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ:
H2C
OCOR
HC OCOR
OH
H2C O P
O
O CH2 CH2
+
N
(CH3)3 . OH
_
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɠɢɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ: ɩɚɥɶɦɢɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ, ɨɥɟɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɢ
ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɨɣ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
əɆɊ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ əɆɊ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɩɨ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɚ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ 31Ɋ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 0,58 ppm.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɎɅɄ ɫɯɨɞɟɧ ɫ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɚɦɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɇɄ, ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɋɄɂ-3.
ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɩɪɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɚ
ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɪɹɞɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɏɐɉ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ» ɧɚ 2009-2013 ɝɨɞɵ, ȽɄ ʋ ɉ478.
218
VI ȼɋȿɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄȺə ɄɈɇɎȿɊȿɇɐɂə «ɏɂɆɂə ɂ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə
ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ»
ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄȺ ȻȿɅɄɈȼ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺ ɄɅȿɌɈɑɇɕɏ ɆȿɆȻɊȺɇ ɀɂȼɕɏ
ɌɄȺɇȿɃ ɉɈɑȿɄ ɋɈɋɇɕ ɈȻɕɄɇɈȼȿɇɇɈɃ ɂ ȿɅɂ ɋɂȻɂɊɋɄɈɃ
ȿ.ȼ. Ⱥɥɚɭɞɢɧɨɜɚ, ɉ.ȼ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ, ɘ.ɋ. ɒɢɦɨɜɚ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ"
[email protected]
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶ
ɫɭɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɟ ɡɢɦɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɪɢɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ – ɦɟɪɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ (ɄɄɆ) ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ
ɦɟɪɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɱɟɤ.
Ɋɨɫɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɄɄɆ ɜ ɦɟɪɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɤ
ɤɨɧɰɭ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ, ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ (ɂȻ), ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ (ɉȻ). ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɉȻ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ – 7-9 % ɚ.ɫ.ɦ. ɬɤɚɧɢ. ɋ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɂȻ; ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ
16 %. ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɂȻ ɭ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ – ɫ
ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ, ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ ɪɚɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɢ. ɇɚ ɞɜɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɭ ɟɥɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɉȻ – ɧɚ 8-10 % ɨɬ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɢɤ). ȼ ɬɨɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɭ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɉȻ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ, ɧɨ ɡɢɦɧɟɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ. ɂɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɉȻ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɤ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɚ ɤ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɄɄɆ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɉȻ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɨɫɟɧɢ ɧɟ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ, ɚ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɧɢɠɚɥɨɫɶ. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɉȻ ɜ ɄɄɆ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɭ
ɫɨɫɧɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 25 %, ɭ ɟɥɢ – 23 %. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɥɢ ɄɄɆ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɜ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɂȻ ɜ ɭɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚɯ (ɫɢɧɬɟɡ
ɂȻ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 60 % ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɄɄɆ), ɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɉȻ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ (ɜ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ), ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɥɢ ɉȻ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɄɄɆ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ: ɜɨɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɟɪɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɤɪɢɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɛɢɨɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɱɬɨ ɂȻ ɢ ɉȻ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɦ
ɦɚɬɪɢɤɫɨɦ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɢ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ.
ɉɊȿȻɂɈɌɂɑȿɋɄȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ȺɅɖȽɂɇȺɌȺ ɇȺɌɊɂə
ɇ.Ɇ. Ⱥɦɢɧɢɧɚ, ȿ.Ʌ. Ʉɨɧɟɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. əɤɭɲ
ɎȽɍɉ ɌɂɇɊɈ-ɰɟɧɬɪ, ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɟɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɚɥɶɝɢɧɚɬɧɵɟ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɚɥɶɝɢɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ
219
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɢɮɢɞɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɱɚɫɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɢɮɢɞɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɚɥɶɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ B.bifidum
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɶɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ Ȼɥɚɭɪɨɤɤɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 1,3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɚ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɭɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ ɚɝɚɪɟ – ɜ 1,5-2 ɪɚɡɚ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɥɶɝɢɧɚɬɚ
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɛɢɮɢɞɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ.
ɌȼȿɊȾɈɎȺɁɇɕɃ ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ
ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ɂɁ ɅɂɒȺɃɇɂɄɈȼ
ȼ.ȼ. Ⱥɧɶɲɚɤɨɜɚ1, Ȼ.Ɇ. Ʉɟɪɲɟɧɝɨɥɶɰ2, Ɇ.Ɇ. ɒɚɲɭɪɢɧ2, ȼ.ɂ. Ⱥɧɶɲɚɤɨɜ3
1 - ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, əɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɤɪɢɨɥɢɬɨɡɨɧɵ, əɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Grace Gmbh&Co.KG, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɫɵɪɶɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɤɥɚɬɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ «ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ» ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ
ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɇȺɇɈəȽȿɅɖ) ɢɡ ɫɥɨɟɜɢɳ ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɚ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ Eɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ E-ɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ («ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ» ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ), ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɤɥɚɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ (ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ E-ɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ) ɫ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɨɦ
(ɥɢɳɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ), ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɢɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ
ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
(ɪɚɦɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ) ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ
ɹɝɟɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɟɧ, ɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɛɢɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ Ɉɇ-ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (3450–3350 ɫɦ-1) ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɝɟɥɹ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ E-ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚɯ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ,
ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ E-ɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ.
Ȼɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɧɢɧɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɝɟɥɹ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɧɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɝɟɥɹ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ
ɹɝɟɥɹ ɝɪɭɛɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɛɢɨɤɥɚɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɹɝɟɥɹ
ɝɪɭɛɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ.
Ⱥɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɇȺɇɈəȽȿɅɖ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɚ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɛɟɡ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ȻȺȼ – ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɨɜ (ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
220
ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɢɦɦɭɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪ. ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ)
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ - ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɢ ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɚ ɫ «ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ»
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ (ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ E-ɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ). Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɨɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓȿȽɈ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌȺ ɉɈȾ
ȼɈɁȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿɆ ɆɂɄɊɈȼɈɅɇɈȼɈȽɈ ɂɁɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ɋ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɭɬɥɨɜ, ɇ.Ƚ. Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɨɜɚ, ȿ.ɘ. Ʉɭɲɧɢɪ
Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɪɵ. Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɨɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (Ɇȼɂ) ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ɇȼɂ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ (ȾɈ) ɢ
ɫɨɫɧɵ (Ⱦɋ) ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɞɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɇɍɄ) ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɋɉ) ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɋɄ) ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
Ɉɩɢɥɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɞɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɤɢɩɹɳɟɣ
ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɛɚɧɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ Ɇȼɂ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ 700 ȼɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɢ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɋɉ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɞɨɤɫɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɚ ɋɄ - ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɇɟɥɶɫɨɧɚ ɢ Ɉ’Ʉɨɧɧɨɪɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 55,7% ɢ 57,4% ɞɥɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 25 ɦɢɧɭɬ (56,6-58,5% ɞɥɹ ȾɈ ɢ 57,6-58,9% ɞɥɹ Ⱦɋ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɋɉ 640-680 (ȾɈ) ɢ 660-680 (Ⱦɋ), ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ: 500 ɢ 400 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
Ɇȼɂ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,62-0,63 ɢ 0,45-0,59 ɞɥɹ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɫɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɟ ɷɬɢ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɜɧɵ 0,50 ɢ 0,49.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɇȼɂ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɋɉ ɢ ɋɄ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ.
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ȺɅȺɇɌɈɅȺɄɌɈɇɈȼ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɆɂ ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾȺɆɂ
ɉɂɉȿɊɂȾɂɇɈȼɈȽɈ ɊəȾȺ
ɋ.ȼ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ȿɪɦɚɬɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ ɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ [1]. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ
221
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɚɥɚɧɬɨɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ 1 - 3,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Inula. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢɯ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɷɤɡɨ- ɢ ɷɧɞɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [2]. ȼ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɧɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɜɫɟɯ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɚɬɚɤɭɟɬɫɹ
ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ Ɇɢɯɚɷɥɹ.
O
O
O
O
O
O
1
3
2
Ⱦɥɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɚɥɚɧɬɨɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ
ɩɢɩɟɪɢɞɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ – ɦɨɧɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧ (4)), ɛɟɧɡɚɧɧɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ (ɫɚɥɶɫɨɥɢɧ
(5), ɫɚɥɶɫɨɥɢɞɢɧ (6)) ɢ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɧɨɣ (ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ (7)) ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
R
Me
N
H
NH
O
NH
O
N
5, 6
4
N
O
7
R = Me (5), H (6).
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɭ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ.
R
O
O
O
+
O
N
H
N
R
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ in vitro ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
1. A.C.Picman. Biochem. System. Ecolog., 14, 255 (1986)
2. ɋ.Ƚ.Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ, ɋ.ȼ.Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɇ.ɉɭɲɢɧ. ɏɢɦɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ. ɫɨɟɞɢɧ., ʋ 4, 325 (2006)
ɏɂɇɈɅɂɇɈȼɕȿ ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɕ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɊɈȾȺ HAPLOPHYLLUM
ȼ.ɂ. Ⱥɯɦɟɞɠɚɧɨɜɚ1, Ʌ. Ⱥɧɝɟɧɨɬ2, Ɋ.ɒ. ɒɚɤɢɪɨɜ1, ɏ.ɋ. Ⱥɯɦɟɞɯɨɞɠɚɟɜɚ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɋ. ɘ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ
2 - Ʌɶɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʌɶɟɠ, Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɨɞ Haplophyllum ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Rutaceae ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ. ɂɡ 20 ɜɢɞɨɜ
Haplophyllum ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 80 ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ 60 ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ: ɮɭɪɚɧɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɵ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚɞɢɟɧɨɧɨɜɵɦ
ɰɢɤɥɨɦ (ɩɟɪɮɚɦɢɧ), 5,6,7,8-ɬɟɬɪɚɝɢɞɪɨɮɭɪɚɧɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɵ (ɯɚɩɥɨɮɢɥɢɞɢɧ), ɝɟɦɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɝɟɦɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɯɢɧɨɥɞɢɨɧɵ (ɛɭɯɚɩɢɧ), ɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɫ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɵɦ
ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɦ (ɛɭɯɚɪɚɢɧ), ɞɢɦɟɪɵ ɫ ɰɢɤɥɨɛɭɬɚɧɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɥɶɰɨɦ, ɝɥɢɤɨɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɢ ɞɪ.
222
OCH3
O
O
OCH3
OH
OH
O
N
OCH3
O
ɉɟɪɮɚɦɢɧ
HO
N
OCH3
N
H
O
ɏɚɩɥɨɮɢɥɢɞɢɧ
N
H
O
Ȼɭɯɚɩɢɧ
O
Ȼɭɯɚɪɚɢɧ
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɹ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ
ɰɢɤɥɨɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ
ɯɚɩɥɨɮɢɥɢɞɢɧɚ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɧɚ.
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɚ
ɧɨɜɚɹ
ɞɥɹ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɮɭɪɚɧɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɮɭɪɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ.
Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ Haplophyllum ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɦɚɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ
ɧɢɯ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɐɇɋ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɜɟɨɥɢɧ ɢ ɞɭɛɚɦɢɧ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ɏɨɥɢɨɡɢɞɢɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɚɧɬɢɚɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɚ
ɛɭɯɚɩɢɧ - ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɚ ȼɂɑ-1. ɇɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɛɵɥɢ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɹɞɚ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ Haplophyllum ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ “ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ – ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɨɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ”.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɪɚɧɨɯɢɧɨɥɢɧɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɢɤɬɚɦɧɢɧɚ ɢ
ɩɢɪɚɧɨ–2–ɯɢɧɨɥɨɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɮɥɢɧɞɟɪɫɢɧɚ.
ɂɇȾɈɅɖɇɕȿ ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɕ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə VINCA ERECTA
ȼ.ɂ. Ⱥɯɦɟɞɠɚɧɨɜɚ, ɉ.ɏ. ɘɥɞɚɲɟɜ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ɇɚɥɢɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɋ. ɘ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɚ Vinca (ɫɟɦ. Apocynaceae) ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɧɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ,
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ. ɂɡ 5 ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
Vinca ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɦ ɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Vinca erecta. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 70 ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɢɡ ɧɢɯ 40 ɧɨɜɵɟ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ 5 ɝɪɭɩɩ – ɢɧɞɨɥɢɧɚ (1), Dɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɢɧɞɨɥɢɧɚ (2), ɢɧɞɨɥɚ (3), ɨɤɫɢɧɞɨɥɚ (4) ɢ ɢɧɞɨɥɟɧɢɧɚ (5).
N
H
1
N
H
N
H
2
3
N
H
O
4
N
5
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤɜɟɛɪɚɯɚɦɢɧ, ɬɨɦɛɨɡɢɧ, ɜɢɧɤɚɦɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ.
223
N
H
CH2OH
N
H
N
H H
N
N
HO
H
Ʉɜɟɛɪɚɯɚɦɢɧ
H
N
H3COOC
Ɍɨɦɛɨɡɢɧ
ȼɢɧɤɚɦɢɧ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɞɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ Vinca erecta, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ
ɜɢɧɤɚɧɢɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɥɨɪɢɞ (ɚɧɚɥɟɩɬɢɤ ɐɇɋ), ɯɥɨɪɦɟɬɢɥɚɬ ɜɢɧɤɚɧɢɧɚ (ɝɚɧɝɥɢɨɛɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ), ɜɢɧɫɭɦɢɧ (ɫɭɦɦɚ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ V.erecta;
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɧɡɢɜɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɩɚɡɦɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ) ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ.
ɉɈȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ɑȿɌȼȿɊɌɂɑɇɕɏ ȺɆɆɈɇɂȿȼɕɏ ɋɈɅȿɃ ɂɁɈɋɌȿȼɂɈɅȺ ȼ
ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ɆȺɅȾɂ
ȼ.Ɇ. Ȼɚɛɚɟɜ1, Ɇ.Ƚ. Ʉɨɪɨɱɤɢɧɚ2, Ɋ.Ɂ. Ɇɭɫɢɧ2, ɂ.ɏ. Ɋɢɡɜɚɧɨɜ2, ȼ.ɂ. Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ1
1 - ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ
ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ/ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɆȺɅȾɂ) ɫɟɪɢɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɞɜɭɯɡɚɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɢɨɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɆȺɅȾɂ.
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ (I-VIII) (ɫɯɟɦɚ 1)
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɤɜɚɬɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ ɫ ɞɢɛɪɨɦɚɥɤɚɧɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ.
R1
N
R2Br
Br-
R1
N
R2
N R1 2Br-
O
I - II
I - R2=C5H10; II - R2=C9H18
R1=
C O CH2
O
CH2
IV - VIII
IV - R2=C3H6; V - R2=C5H10;
VI - R2=C9H18; VII - R2=C10H20;
VIII - R2=C12H24
ɋɯɟɦɚ 1
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɨɧɢɟɜɵɦ ɚɬɨɦɨɦ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɹɬɶ
ɛɢɫɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ
ɞɟɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ/ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɆȺɅȾɂ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ
ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɚ ɫɨɥɟɣ – [M-Br]+, ɜɧɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɫɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ
ɫɨɥɟɣ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɧɢɟɜɵɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ 5 ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɬɨɦɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ [M - 2Br - R1N(CH3)2 + 3H]+. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
224
ɛɢɫɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5 ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɨɧɵ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ [M - 2Br + 2matr
+ Na]+, [M - 2Br + 2matr - O + Na]+, [M - 2Br + matr - H]+, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ, ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ [M - Br]+ ɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ [M - 2Br - Cɇ3]+.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɎȿɇɈɅɖɇɕɏ ɉɊɂɆȿɋȿɃ ȼ ȺɊȺȻɂɇɈȽȺɅȺɄɌȺɇȿ ɂɁ
ȾɊȿȼȿɋɂɇɕ ɅɂɋɌȼȿɇɇɂɐɕ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɛɤɢɧ, ȿ.ɇ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɬɪɨɭɯɨɜɚ, ɇ.Ⱥ. ɇɟɜɟɪɨɜɚ, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɉɧɭɱɢɧɚ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɂɪɂɏ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ
ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ (ȺȽ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
95-98 %. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ȺȽ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɬ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ȼ ɍɎ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ȺȽ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 200-203 ɧɦ, ɩɥɟɱɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 230 ɧɦ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 280-290 ɧɦ. ɋɩɚɞ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 700 ɧɦ.
ɉɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɍɎ ɢ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ Ɍɋɏ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ ɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɟɦɩɮɟɪɨɥ (ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ
ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ). Ɍɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɫɬɚɪɬɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɵɦ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɦ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɧɟɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ. ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɍɎ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 200 700 ɧɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢɯ ɫ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ Ɍɋɏ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɯ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɋɨɪɛɬɨɧ-2 ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɬɪɢ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ȼɗɀɏ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ. ɇɚ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ
ȼɗɀɏ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɩɢɤɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ,
ɱɟɦ ɭ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ, ɫɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ,
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɂɄ, ɍɎ ɢ əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɬɚɧɧɢɧɨɜ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ȼɗɀɏ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɬɚɧɧɢɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɨɦ ɢ
ɫɨɥɹɦɢ
ɠɟɥɟɡɚ
(III)
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ
ɷɬɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɮɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ȺȽ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 1,5 %, ɚ ɬɚɧɧɢɧɨɜ - 2,5 %.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȼɅɂəɇɂə ɋɄɈɊɅɍɉɕ ɄȿȾɊɈȼɕɏ ɈɊȿɏɈȼ ɇȺ ɊɈɋɌ
ɉɊɈɉɂɈɇɈȼɈɄɂɋɅɕɏ ȻȺɄɌȿɊɂɂ ȼ ɌȼɈɊɈɀɇɈɃ ɋɕȼɈɊɈɌɄȿ
Ɏ.ɉ. Ȼɚɥɞɵɧɨɜɚ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɭ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɚ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɭ
225
ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ⱦɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɧɧɢɞɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɟ
ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɟ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɟ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɠɢ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚɯ ɢ ɪɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɩɥɟɧɤɭ, ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ:
- ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ
ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ;
- ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɨɠɧɚɹ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɤɚ, ɛɟɧɬɨɧɢɬɨɜɚɹ ɝɥɢɧɚ - ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɚɫɤɢ;
- ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɨɜ, ɫɩɢɪɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Propionibaɫterium shermanii ɜ
ɬɜɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɤɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɛɟɧɬɨɧɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ
ɨɪɟɯɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɧɬɨɧɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ (10-60%) ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 10% ɨɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɬɜɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɤɢ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɛɟɧɬɨɧɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 50 % ɢ 120 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 300C.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ – ɦɚɫɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɫ ɧɚ ɬɟɥɟ.
ɉȿɊȼɕɃ ɆȺɄɊɈɐɂɄɅ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɏɅɈɊɂɇɈȼɈȽɈ ɂ ɂɁɈɋɌȿȼɂɈɅɖɇɕɏ
ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ȻɅɈɄɈȼ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ȼɟɥɵɯ1, Ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɚɥɶɲɚɤɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.Ƚ. Ʉɨɪɨɱɤɢɧɚ2, ȼ.ȿ. Ʉɚɬɚɟɜ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ
[email protected]
Ɇɚɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɯɢɦɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɚ ɚ ɢ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚ
ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɚ (ɋɯɟɦɚ). ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ 1ɇ ɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ (ɆȺɅȾɂ).
226
N HN
N HN
CO2CH3
O
NH N
NH N
H2NCH2CH2NH2
O
CO2CH3
H N
H
1
O
N H
O
H3C
H
N HN
Cl C
O
O
O
NH N
O
O
N
N H
H
2
H N
O
O
H C
N H 3
H
N
O
N
H
O
NH N
NH N
N HN
O
H N
O
O
N HH3C
H
O
ClOC(CH2)6COCl
N
O
O
N HN
O
O
N
H
O
O
H N
O
O
H C
N H 3
H
NH2OH*HCl
N
O
N
H
O
N
O
N O (CH )
2 6
O
O
5
3
HO N
N OH
4
ɋɯɟɦɚ 1.
ɇɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ 5 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɯɥɨɪɢɧɨɜɵɣ
ɢ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ
(ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ʋ 02.740.11.0081); ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ
(ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɋɈ ɢ ȾȼɈ
ɊȺɇ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɣ ɧɚɭɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɣ ɧɚɭɤ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɋɇȽ ɢ
ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɣ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ʋ 18 ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ “Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ”, ɚ ɬɚɤ
ɠɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ 10-03-00499-ɚ)).
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɆɈɌɈɊɇɕɏ ɌɈɉɅɂȼ ɂɁ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɆȺɋȿɅ.
ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂȿ ɂ ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ȼɟɪɟɧɛɥɸɦ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɚɰɦɚɧ, ȼ.Ɋ. Ɏɥɢɞ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ
[email protected]
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɥɢɜ I ɢ II ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ. ɋ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɭɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ
ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɨɞɢɡɟɥɹ
ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ
ɬɪɢɝɥɢɰɢɪɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɚɦɢ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ ɭɠɟ ɜ
2008 ɝɨɞɭ ɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 8 ɦɥɧ. ɬɨɧɧ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɷɬɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɷɮɢɪɚɦɢ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɋ16 – ɋ18, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɦ (ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɣɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ
ɪɟɡɢɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɥɚ
227
(ɞɨ 80 % ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ). ɍɠɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ. Ɇɚɫɥɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɛɢɨɞɢɡɟɥɶ II
ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ (ɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɞɟɨɤɫɢɝɟɧɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɢ
ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɥɟɮɢɧɨɜ. Ɇɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɜɭɨɤɢɫɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɝɢɞɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɥɟɮɢɧɵ ɞɨ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɜ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɈȼ «ɁȿɅȿɇɈɃ ɏɂɆɂɂ» ȾɅə Ɋȿɒȿɇɂə
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆ
Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɡɨɜɚɦ
XXI ɜɟɤɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ
“biorefinery”, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɛɭɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧ.
Ȼɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ (ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ) ɢ
ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ (ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ, ɥɢɝɧɚɧɵ), ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ «ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ», ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɥɸɢɞɵ (ɋɄɎ) ɢ ɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ (ɂɀ).
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ:
x ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ
ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ;
x ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɉɪɢɝɨɠɢɧɵɦ, ɜ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚ;
x ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
(ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ, ɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɪɟɞɨɤɫɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ, ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ) ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
228
ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ) ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɧɚ
ɧɚɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
(ȻȺȼ, ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ,
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɭɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɬɨɜ).
ɂɬɚɤ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – ɧɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɢɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ.
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ɋɈɅɖȼȺɌȺɐɂɂ ɆɈȾȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ
ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȽȼȺəɐɂɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɊəȾȺ ȼ ȼɈȾɇɈ-ɗɌȺɇɈɅɖɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊȺɏ
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ȼɈɅɖɌȺɆɉȿɊɈɆȿɌɊɂɂ ɇȺ ɌȼȬɊȾɕɏ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈȾȺɏ
Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ, ɇ.Ʌ. ɂɜɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ.ɇ. ɒɤɚɟɜ, ɇ.ȼ. ɒɤɚɟɜɚ, Ʌ.Ɏ. ɇɚɛɢɟɜɚ, ɂ.ɇ. Ɂɭɛɨɜ
Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ,
ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ,
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɨɛɴɺɦ
ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ.
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ.
Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ.
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ
ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ. ɉɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ
ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɝɜɚɹɤɨɥɚ, Į-ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɥɚ, ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧɚ, ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɧɨɧɚ ɢ
ɚɰɟɬɨɜɚɧɢɥɨɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɨɦ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɫɢɬɚɥɨɜɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɯ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɜɟ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ,
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. ɂɜɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ, ɇ.Ʌ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɞɢɫ. ... ɤɚɧɞ. ɯɢɦ. ɧɚɭɤ. Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, 2007. - 113ɫ.
2. ɋɬɪɨɦɛɟɪɝ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɞɥɹ ɯɢɦ. ɫɩɟɰ. ɜɭɡɨɜ / Ⱥ.Ƚ.
ɋɬɪɨɦɛɟɪɝ, Ⱦ.ɉ. ɋɟɦɱɟɧɤɨ – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ.», 2003. – 527ɫ.
229
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɌȿɅə ɇȺ ɉɊɈɌɈɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȼ
ɋɂɋɌȿɆȿ ȼɈȾȺ - ȺɉɊɈɌɈɇɇɕɃ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɌȿɅɖ
Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ1, Ⱦ.ɋ. Ʉɨɫɹɤɨɜ2, ɋ.ɋ. ɏɜɢɸɡɨɜ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɞɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɟ,
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ. Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɄɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (I-III) ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɚ –
ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞ, ɜɨɞɚ – N,N-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɞ,
ɜɨɞɚ – ɚɰɟɬɨɧɢɬɪɢɥ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ – 1,4-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɪɄɚ,
ɱɬɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɹɬɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ Ʉɚɦɥɟɬɚ-Ɍɚɮɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɪɄɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɄɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɞɚ –
ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞ, ɜɨɞɚ – N,N-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɞ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ – 1,4-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ. ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɨɬ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɚ – ɚɰɟɬɨɧɢɬɪɢɥ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɧɨɪɧɨ-ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ.
ɆȺɋɋɈɉȿɊȿɇɈɋ ɉɊɂ ɗɄɋɌɊȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɂ ȾɂɄɈɊȺɋɌɍɓɂɏ ɉɅɈȾɈȼɕɏ
ɋɂȻɂɊɂ
Ɍ.ȼ. Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɚ, Ȼ.Ⱦ. Ʌɟɜɢɧ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɟ
ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɢ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɢ. ɉɥɨɞɵ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜ ɞɜɚ – ɬɪɢ
ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ȻȺȼ), ɱɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɬɚ
ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɰɟɧɧɵɦ
ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ, ɥɢɤɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɱɧɨɣ, ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ – ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ȻȺȼ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɢɯ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
230
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ
ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ – ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ ɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɪɹɛɢɧɵ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɠɨɦɚ ɚɪɨɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɩɥɨɞɧɨɣ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ, ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
ɦɚɫɫɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɦɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɗɇȺɇɌɂɈɈȻɈȽȺɓȿɇɇɕɏ
ɂɁɈȻɈɊɇɂɅɎȿɇɈɅɈȼ
ȿ.ȼ. Ȼɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ1, ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ1, ɘ.Ȼ. ȼɢɯɚɪɟɜ2, ȼ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɲɤɨ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ, ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɵ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ [1]. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɦ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɪɚɰɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ [2]. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɰɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ 1a-c ɧɚ
ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚ ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚ
ɤɚɦɮɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɫɯɟɦɚ).
O
O
O
OH
R1
+
H
2
R
O
O
rac-1
OCOCl
O
O
O R1
O R1
Et3N
H
-Et3N.HCl
O
H
2'
2
R
hydrolysis
R1 = R2 = H (a);
R1 = Me, R2 = H (b);
R1 = H, R2 = Me (c).
2''
2
R
hydrolysis
OH
OH
R1
R1
H
2
R
H
(-)-1
R2
(+)-1
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ rac-1ɫ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
231
1. Wainer I.W., Drayer D.E, eds. Drug Stereochemistry. Alanytical Methods and
Pharmacology. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1988, 246.
2. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ ɂ.ɘ., Ʉɭɱɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɋɨɫ. ɯɢɦ. ɠ., 2004, 48 (3), 21.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ 10-03-01129ɚ), ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ (ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ) ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ (ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ).
ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ ɄɈɅɂɑȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə
ȾɍȻɂɅɖɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ȼ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȿ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɅɈȾɈȼ ɒɂɉɈȼɇɂɄȺ
ɓɂɌɄɈɇɈɋɇɈȽɈ
ɇ.Ⱥ. ȼɟɪɟɳɚɝɢɧ, Ⱦ.ɘ. Ʉɨɪɭɥɶɤɢɧ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ
[email protected]
Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (Ⱦȼ) ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɩɟɪɦɚɧɝɚɧɚɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɟ.
ɉɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɬɚɧɢɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 22, 58%.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɢɡ
ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ,
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɦɚɧɝɚɧɚɬ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɬɶ ɮɟɧɨɥɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ,
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ (ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧ Ⱥ, ɨɤɫɢɤɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɢɥɨɧɨɦ Ȼ
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
11,7%.
ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ (ɢɡ ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɨɝɨ ɜ
ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨ-ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɣ), ɱɬɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.
Ɍɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ-ɬɚɪɬɪɚɬɧɵɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ-ɬɚɪɬɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɨɦ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɧɨ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ Ⱦȼ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɨɣ, ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɶɟɜɨɦ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɟ.
Ɋɚɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Ⱦȼ ɷɬɨɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 32%.
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ Ⱦȼ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ
Ⱦȼ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ . Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ(ɞɨ 8
ɱɚɫɨɜ).
232
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɮɚɪɦɨɤɨɩɟɣɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɟɪɦɚɧɝɚɬɚɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɪɇ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɟɦɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ(1%; 0,5%;
0,25%; 0,125%; 0,0625%; 0,03125%; 0,015625%)
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɤɪɨɦɟ 0,5 ɢ 1%, ɬ.ɤ. ɡɞɟɫɶ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɟɪɦɚɧɝɚɧɚɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ.
ɉɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 20-300 ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 0,25%.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌȿɃ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɎɂɌɈɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȺ
ɒɂɉɈȼɇɂɄȺ ɓɂɌɄɈɇɈɋɇɈȽɈ
ɇ.Ⱥ. ȼɟɪɟɳɚɝɢɧ, Ⱦ.ɘ. Ʉɨɪɭɥɶɤɢɧ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ
[email protected]
ɒɢɩɨɜɧɢɤ ɳɢɬɤɨɧɨɫɧɵɣ (Rosa corymbifera) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɦɢɪɚ. ɉɥɨɞɵ ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɨɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ Ʉɢɬɚɹ, Ɍɢɛɟɬɚ, ɂɧɞɢɢ, Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ ɢ
ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. Ɉɧ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ «ɥɟɱɢɬ», ɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ,
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ. Ɇɹɤɨɬɶ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɪɢɛɨɮɥɚɜɢɧ, ɛɟɬɚɤɚɪɨɬɢɧ, ɮɢɥɥɨɯɢɧɨɧ ɢ ɛɢɨɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɚ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ - ɬɨɤɨɮɟɪɨɥɵ, ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧ ɢ ɠɢɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ,
14.1% ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, 1.58% ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ
ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ, ɤɟɦɩɮɟɪɨɥ, ɢɡɨɤɜɟɪɰɢɬɪɢɧ, ɬɢɥɢɪɨɡɢɞ, ɷɩɢɝɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ,
ɝɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ, ɷɩɢɝɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɝɚɥɥɚɬ ɢ ɷɩɢɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɝɚɥɥɚɬ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤɚ
ɳɢɬɤɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ (Rosa corymbifera), ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ȺɈ ɏɢɦɮɚɪɦ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤɚ ɳɢɬɤɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɢ
ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ, ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ
ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɨɮɢɰɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɣɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ȻȺȼ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɣɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɢ ȼȺɇȾ ɧɚ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ; ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɇ
ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɤɜɚɫɰɨɜ
ɠɟɥɟɡɨɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ (ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ), ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ,
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɟ ɯɥɨɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ, ɚɦɦɢɚɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ (ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ), ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɥɢ
ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɣ (ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ), ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ Į-ɧɚɮɬɨɥɚ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɟ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɦ,
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɡɨɪɰɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɟ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɦ
(ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ:
233
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜ
Ⱥɦɦɢɚɤ
ɏɥɨɪɢɞ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III)
ɀȺɄ
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ
Ʉɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥ, %
0,0625
0,03125
0,03125
0,125
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥ, 0ɋ
0-100
0-70
0-70
0-100
ȼɚɧɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɚɹ ɫɨɥɶ
Į-ɧɚɮɬɨɥ
0,125
0,03125
0,125
0-100
20-80
0-100
Ɋɟɡɨɪɰɢɧ
0,0625
0-100
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɇɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɇɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɇɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ
ɇɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɧɰ. ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɧɰ. ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ
ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɜɵɲɟ 700ɋ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɜɚɫɰɚɦɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɯɟɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ. ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɥɶɸ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɣ
ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ɂɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ,
ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɜɚɫɰɚɦɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɦɢ (ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ), ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɨɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ (ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ), ɫɨɥɶɸ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɣ (ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧ ɋ), Į-ɧɚɮɬɨɥɨɦ
(ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ).
ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉȿɄɌɂɇɈȼ ɂ ɂɏ ȽɂɉɈɅɂɉɂȾȿɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
Ɏ.ȼ. ȼɢɬɹɡɟɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ƚɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟɪɨɡɚ,
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɦ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ (ɢɧɫɭɥɶɬ, ɢɧɮɚɪɤɬ, ɬɪɨɦɛɨɷɦɛɨɥɢɹ).
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢ ɢ ɜɪɚɱɢ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɝɟɩɚɪɢɧ, ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɪɹɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ Lemna minor L, ɛɚɞɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɥɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ Bergenia crassifolia L, ɪɞɟɫɬɚ
ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ Potamogeton natans, ɛɨɪɳɟɜɢɤɚ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ Heracleum sibiricum, ɢ ɢɯ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ȼɗɀɏ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 50-100ɤȾɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɛɚɞɚɧɚ ɢ ɪɞɟɫɬɚ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ
ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɛɨɪɳɟɜɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɹɫɤɢ.
234
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɋɍȻɋɌȺɇɐɂɃ ɂɁ ɄɈɊɇȿɃ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
L. GMELINII ɂ L. MYRIANTHUM
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɚɞɟɰɤɚɹ, Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɟɜɚ, Ƚ.ȿ. ɀɭɫɭɩɨɜɚ, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɠɚɦɤɭɥɨɜɚ, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɛɢɥɨɜ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ȼ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɞɨɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɯ
ɢɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 %. Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɮɥɨɪɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 100 ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɭ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɚ ɢɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɵ. ȼɫɟɦ ɷɬɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɚ ɤɟɪɦɟɤ (Limonium Mill) ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɢɧɱɚɬɤɨɜɵɯ (Plumbaginaceae).
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ L. gmelinii ɢ L. myrianthum ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 54,4 ɬɵɫ. ɬɨɧɧ, ɱɬɨ ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɵɪɶɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ L. gmelinii ɢ L.
myrianthum ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 9,11% ɢ 11,2%, ɨɛɳɚɹ ɡɨɥɚ – 5,72% ɢ 4,7%,
ɡɨɥɚ, ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚɹ ɜ 10% HCl, – 0,7%, ɢ 0,4%, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɚɹ ɡɨɥɚ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 5,2% ɢ
6,1% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 3,14%
ɞɥɹ L. myrianthum ɢ 12,2% ɞɥɹ L. gmelinii, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ – 0,36% ɢ
4,39%, ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – 11,27% ɢ 26,06%, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ – 3,81% ɢ 5,11%, ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ 9961 ɦɝ/100 ɝ (L. gmelinii) ɢ 10263 ɦɝ/100 ɝ (L. myrianthum).
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɟ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɫɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɭɫɨɱɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ 50 % ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ
ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ 1:5 (L. myrianthum) ɢ 1:6 (L. gmelinii), ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 6 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ – 22-25 ɨɋ, ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɞɜɭɦ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɈȼ ɑȺȽɂ,
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɕɏ ȼ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ ɉɈɅȿ ɉɈɋɌɈəɇɇɈȽɈ ɌɈɄȺ
ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɚ
ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʌɟɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɢɛɚ ɱɚɝɢ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ,
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ (ȺɈȺ) ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɝɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ:
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜɢɞɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ȺɈȺ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɝɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ: ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 4-32ȼ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 7-80 Ⱥ/ɦ2.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ȺɈȺ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ in vitro ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ
ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ (ɉɈɅ) ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɥɢɧɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɂɧɞɭɤɰɢɸ
235
ɉɈɅ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (II). Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ
ɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ-ɬɢɨɰɢɚɧɚɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ (Summer,
1943) ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ȺɈȺ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɋ50 – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɬɢɨɰɢɚɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III) ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɛɟɡ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚ, ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ȺɈȺ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɝɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɪɟɩɟɪɤɨɥɹɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɱɚɝɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ
ɜɵɲɟ 60Ⱥ/ɦ2, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ȺɈȺ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ȺɈȺ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɨɬ 7 ɞɨ 35Ⱥ/ɦ2. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɋ50 ɧɢɠɟ ɧɚ 7-23%,
ɱɟɦ ɭ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɩɟɪɤɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ, ɚ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ȺɈȺ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɝɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɯ
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɉɎɄ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ȺɈȺ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ 0,86). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɚɝɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ȺɈȺ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɝɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ȺɈȺ.
ɗɄɋɌɊȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȻȿɊȿɁɈȼɈȽɈ ȽɊɂȻȺ ɑȺȽɂ ȼ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ ɉɈɅȿ
ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɱɢɤɨɜ
ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɫɵɪɶɸ, ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɪɟɜɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɝɪɢɛ ɱɚɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɨɮɢɰɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɱɚɝɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɚɝɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɱɚɝɢ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɤɫɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ (ɉɎɄ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɇ ɞɨ 2.
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɝɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60ɨɋ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɟ-ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɡɟɪɟ ɫ
ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ 4 ɞɨ 32ȼ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 1:6-10, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɫɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɉɎɄ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɱɚɝɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɚɰɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60ɨɋ ɛɟɡ
ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɱɚɫɨɜ.
ɇɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɚɝɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɉɎɄ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɡɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɢɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɟ – ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɉɎɄ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɲɤɟ.
236
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɱɚɝɢ ɞɨ 90-95% ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɪɟɦɚɰɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ 4-16ȼ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɫɵɪɶɟ – ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 1:6.
ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɐɂɄɅɈɉȺɅɅȺȾɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɕ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ ȻȿɇɁɂɅȺɆɂɇȺ ɂ 2-ȽɂȾɊɈɄɋɂɉɂɇȺɇ-3-ɈɇȺ
ə.Ⱥ. Ƚɭɪɶɟɜɚ1, Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɂɚɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ2, Ʌ.Ʌ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ1, ɂ.ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ,ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ
2 - ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ
[email protected]
ɏɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ (ɐɉɄ), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ı-ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɣ-ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ [1]. ɏɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɐɉɄ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ, ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧ (1S)-(-)-Į-ɩɢɧɟɧ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ 2–ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɩɢɧɚɧ–3–ɨɧɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ (1) ɢ (2),
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ Į-ɦɟɬɢɥɛɟɧɡɢɥɚɦɢɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ. ɗɬɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɵ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɬɨ-ɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɡ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ [1] ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ Į-ɦɟɬɢɥɛɟɧɡɢɥɚɦɢɧɚ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɪɹɞɭ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɰɢɤɥɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɯɥɨɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ
ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
OH
OH
Ph
N
Ph
NH
H
H
1
2
Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɢɧ 1 ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɢɹɞɟɪɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ 3 ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 50% ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ 1:1 ɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ 1:2. ɗɬɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɦ
ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɢɦɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɯɥɨɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ,
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɹ
ɬɟɦ
ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɰɢɤɥɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ⱥɦɢɧ 2 ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ 1:1 ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɛɢɹɞɟɪɧɵɣ
ɰɢɤɥɨɩɚɥɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ 4 ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 55%.
H
OH
H
N
NH
HO
Pd
Cl
Pd
Cl
Cl
Pd
Cl
Pd
OH
HN
N
HO
H
H
3
4
237
ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
əɆɊ, ɂɄ–ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Dupont J., Consorti C.S., Spencer J. // Chem. Rev. 2005. V.105. ʋ 6. P. 2527.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ 1,2-ȾɂɂɆɂɇɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ
ɆɈɇɈɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ
ɂ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɜɨɪɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. Ȼɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ, ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɵ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ. ɗɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɟ 1,2-ɞɢɚɦɢɧɵ ɢ
ɞɢɢɦɢɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ,
ɜɨɫɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɜ
ɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ – Į-ɩɢɧɟɧ, ɤɚɦɮɨɪɚ ɢ ɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ, ɫɬɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ 1,2-ɞɢɢɦɢɧɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɬɵ ɩɢɧɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɛɨɪɧɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɞɢɢɦɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 3 (3) ɢ ɤɟɬɨɧɚ – (+)-2-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-3-ɩɢɧɚɧɨɧɚ (1). ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (4-7) ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ əɆɊ 1ɇ ɢ 13ɋ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ.
OH
OH
OH
HO
N
N
O
N
N
HO
4
1
5, R = (a)
R
R=
H
(a);
OH
R
O
R=
N
2
(b).
N
H
3
OH HO
R
R
6, R = (a); 7, R = (b)
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ
(ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ʋ 02.740.11.0081).
238
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂ ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂȿ ɂɆɂȾȺɁɈɅɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ
ɇȿɈɆȿɇɌɂɅɋɍɅɖɎɂȾɈȼ
Ɇ.ə. Ⱦɟɦɚɤɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɭɞɚɪɢɤɨɜ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɏɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ƚɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ
ɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɭɸ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɹɡɜɟɧɧɭɸ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɚɪɬɪɢɬɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɵ ɢ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɵ [1].
Ɇɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɧɟɨɦɟɧɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ ɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɵ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɩ-ɬɨɥɭɨɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬ ɦɟɧɬɨɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ L-ɦɟɧɬɨɥɨɦ ɢ ɩɬɨɥɭɨɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɩ-ɬɨɥɭɨɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɚ ɦɟɧɬɨɥɚ ɫ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɢɨɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɵ.
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɨ
ɤ
ɫɦɟɫɢ
ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɟɨɦɟɧɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ
ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚɦɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Youssef M. S. K.. Ahmed R. A. // Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements.
2006, 181:5, P. 1123-1199.
ɗɇȺɇɌɂɈɆȿɊɇɕɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɆɈɇɈɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ ɍȽɅȿȼɈȾɈɊɈȾɈȼ
ɏȼɈɃɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɋɂȻɂɊɂ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɦɪɚɱɟɜ, ȿ.ȼ. Ʉɚɪɩɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡɭɱɟɧ
ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ: Pinus sibirica, Pinus silvestris, Picea obovata,
Larix sibirica, Abies sibirica, Juniperus sabina, Juniperus pseudosabina [1]. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ
ɦɚɫɟɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɚɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɫɜɟɠɟɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ ɢɡ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
239
ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ. Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧɤɨɣ
ɦɚɫɥɚ. ɗɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Ƚɀɏ-Ɇɋ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ Agilent 6890/5973N EI/PCI ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɨɣ ɫ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ
CycloSil-B. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ [2]. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ 3-ɤɚɪɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ (+)-ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ, ɫɚɛɢɧɟɧ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ (–)-ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɠɠɟɜɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ (ɞɥɹ J. sabina, J. pseudosabina – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ (+)-ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪ). ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ (Į- ɢ ȕ-ɩɢɧɟɧ, ɤɚɦɮɟɧ, ɥɢɦɨɧɟɧ ɢ ȕ-ɮɟɥɥɚɧɞɪɟɧ)
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɜ (–):(+) ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: Psib – Pinus sibirica, Psilv – Pinus silvestris, Jsab – Juniperus sabina,
Jpseudosab – Juniperus pseudosabina
Psib1
Psib2
Psilv1
Psilv2
Psilv3
Jsab
Jpseudosab
Į-ɩɢɧɟɧ
8:92
8:92
26:74
31:69
23:77
92:8
91:9
ɤɚɦɮɟɧ
28:72
27:73
84:16
89:11
82:18
>99:1
>99:1
ȕ-ɩɢɧɟɧ
14:86
15:85
11:89
10:90
11:89
~1:8
~1:8
ɥɢɦɨɧɟɧ
94:6
94:6
94:6
77:23
87:13
92:8
95:5
ȕ-ɮɟɥɥɚɧɞɪɟɧ
>99:1
>99:1
>99:1
>99:1
>99:1
22:78
29:71
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: Pic – Picea obovata, Lar – Larix sibirica, Ab – Abies sibirica
Lar1
Lar2
Lar3
Lar4
Į-ɩɢɧɟɧ
90:10 84:16 81:19 83:17 78:22
Pic1
Pic2
Pic3
Pic4
95:5
93:7
78:22 53:47 41:59 45:55
ɤɚɦɮɟɧ
88:12 83:17 89:11 83:17 89:11
96:4
93:7
98:2
96:4
95:5
96:4
ȕ-ɩɢɧɟɧ
2:98
7:93
4:96
4:96
3:97
14:86
9:91
4:96
ɥɢɦɨɧɟɧ
98:2
ȕ-ɮɟɥɥɚɧɞɪɟɧ
3:97
Ab1
Ab2
Ab3
12:88
7:93
81:19
91:9
88:12 79:21 70:30 67:33 76:24 79:21 81:19 89:11
>99:1 94:6
78:22
95:5
95:5
99:1
99:1
96:4
97:3
94:6
99:1
1. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (Ƚɪɚɧɬ # 07-0300620-ɚ) ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɧɚ 2009–2011 ɝɝ.
(ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 53 Ƚɟɧɨɮɨɧɞ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɍɪɚɥɚ ɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ: ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ).
2. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ. ɂɉɉ «Ɉɮɫɟɬ».
2008
ɋɊȺȼɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɅȿɌɍɑɂɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɏȼɈɂ 5-ɏȼɈɃɇɕɏ ɋɈɋȿɇ
ɋȿȼȿɊɇɈɃ ɂ ȼɈɋɌɈɑɇɈɃ ȿȼɊȺɁɂɂ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɦɪɚɱɟɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ1, ɋ.ɇ. Ƚɨɪɨɲɤɟɜɢɱ2
1 - ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, Ɍɨɦɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɜɨɢ 5-ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ [1]. Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ Strobus, ɩɨɞɫɟɤɰɢɢ Cembrae:
P. cembra, P. sibirica, P. koraiensis, P. pumila ɢ ɩɨɞɫɟɤɰɢɢ Strobi: P. parviflora, P. armandii.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɯɜɨɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɟɹɧɰɵ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ 5-7 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɢɜɤɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ 11-18 ɥɟɬ,
ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɟ «Ʉɟɞɪ» ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ.
ɋɭɦɦɭ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɚ ɝɟɤɫɚɧɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɣ
240
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Cɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Ƚɀɏ-Ɇɋ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɯ Agilent 5973N ɢ Agilent 5973N EI/PCI ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɨɣ ɇɊ-5ms. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ [2].
ȼɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɫɯɨɠɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ: ɤɚɤ ɦɨɧɨ-, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɷɬɨ (1) ɝɟɪɦɚɤɪɟɧ D (0,14-24,19%), ɛɢɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɪɦɚɤɪɟɧ (0,07-3,61%) ɢ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɟɪɦɚɤɪɟɧɭ D ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɞɚɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ (Į-ɦɭɪɨɥɟɧ (0,64-1,30%), Ȗɤɚɞɢɧɟɧ (0,88-2,91%), į-ɤɚɞɢɧɟɧ (2,12-6,12%)) ɢ (2) ɫɩɢɪɬɵ ɤɚɞɚɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ (T-ɤɚɞɢɧɨɥ
(0,93-2,73%), Ɍ-ɦɭɪɨɥɨɥ (0,21-1,38%), į-ɤɚɞɢɧɨɥ (0,23-0,86%) ɢ Į-ɤɚɞɢɧɨɥ(0,71-5,96%)).
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɚɪɚ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ–ɝɭɦɭɥɟɧ (ɨɬ 0,40/0,06% ɞɨ 23,79/3,96%), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɟɪɦɚɤɪɟɧ-D-4-ɨɥ (06,76%) ɢ ɨɩɥɨɩɚɧɨɧ (0-1,47%), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɧɚɛɨɪɟ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɦɢɧɨɪɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɟɦɨɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɰɟɥɹɯ.
1. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɧɚ 2009–2011 ɝɝ. (ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 53 Ƚɟɧɨɮɨɧɞ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ
ɍɪɚɥɚ ɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ: ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ).
2. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ. ɂɉɉ «Ɉɮɫɟɬ».
2008
ɆȿɏȺɇɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ȾȿɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ȼɈȾɈɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɕɏ
ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ
ȼ.ɂ. ȿɜɫɟɟɧɤɨ, ȿ.ɋ. Ɇɟɬɟɥɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱦɭɲɤɢɧ, Ʌ.ɂ. Ⱦɟɦɟɧɤɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɫ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɚ ɜɨɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɫ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɪɚɡɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ȼɫɺ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ – ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɢɡ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ƚɦɟɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɮɢɛɪɟɝɚɦɚ – ɝɥɢɤɨɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɚɤɚɰɢɢ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɯ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɮɚɡ (ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ) ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ:
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ
Ⱥɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ
Ɏɢɛɪɟɝɚɦ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ
ɦɚɫɫɚ
Mm1
Mm2
Mm1
Mm2
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɯ
17110
ɒɆ 2 ɱ
17660
739000
739000
241
ɒɆ 24 ɱ
16760
6850
649000
372000
ȺȽɈ 10 ɦɢɧ
15930
8150
477000
ɂɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ ȺȽɈ-2 ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɢ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ȻȺȾ ɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢɯ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ,
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ «ɦɹɝɤɢɣ» ɪɟɠɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɲɚɪɨɜɵɯ
ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɯ (ɒɆ).
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂɁɈȻɈɊɇɂɅɎȿɇɈɅɖɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ 3-ȺɊɂɅ-1,2,4-ɌɊɂȺɁɂɇ5(4ɇ)-ɈɇȺ
ɂ.ɇ. ȿɝɨɪɨɜ1, Ɉ.ɇ. ɑɭɩɚɯɢɧ2, Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɐɟɣɬɥɟɪ1, Ɇ.ȼ. Ȼɟɪɟɡɢɧ2, Ƚ.Ʌ. Ɋɭɫɢɧɨɜ2, ȼ.Ʌ. Ɋɭɫɢɧɨɜ1,
ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ3, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ3
1 - ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ȼ.ɇ. ȿɥɶɰɢɧɚ, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢɦ. ɂ.ə. ɉɨɫɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ
3 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ
[email protected]
Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱥɥɤɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ,
ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɚɧɬɢɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ.
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ 1,2,4-ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ 3-ɚɪɢɥ-1,2,4-ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧ-5(4ɇ)-ɨɧɚɦɢ 1,
ɪɚɰɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ 2-ɦɟɬɢɥ-6-ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɦ (2) ɢ 4-ɦɟɬɢɥ-6-ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɦ (4) ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɋ-ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ 3 ɢ 5, ɧɟɫɭɳɢɟ ɚɰɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɨɦɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ
N1 ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ.
N
O
N
N
H
+
Ar
OH
H
H3C
HO
1
2
O
N
H
1a
N
R
+
H
N
Ar
H
OH O
H
N
H3C
CH3
N
H
3 (10-90%) O
OH
Ph
N
H3C
Ar = Ph , 2-Py
R = CH3 , CF3 , CH(CH3)2
N
O
H
H
5
4
242
O
N
H
CH3
N
Ph
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ
ɜ ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ.
ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɈȽɈ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə
ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ɄɊȺɋɇɕɏ ȼɈȾɈɊɈɋɅȿɃ
ɂ.Ɇ. ȿɪɦɚɤ1, Ⱥ.Ɉ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ1, ȼ.ɇ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜɚ1, ȿ.ȼ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ1, Ɋ.ɇ. Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜɢɱ2
1 - ɌɂȻɈɏ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɆɈ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ,Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ, ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ.
ɉɨɥɢɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ – ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɵ – ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɦ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦ ɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɢ
ɛɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ (ɤɚɩɩɚ-, ɥɹɦɛɞɚ-, ɤɚɩɩɚ/ɛɟɬɚ-, ɤɚɩɩɚ/ɣɨɬɚ- ɢ
ɏ-ɬɢɩ) ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜ Gigartinaceae ɢ Tichicarpaceae, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ
ɢɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ in
vitro ɢ in vivo. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ
ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɥɹɦɛɞɚ-ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ, ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɦɵɲɢɧɵɯ ɥɢɦɮɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɚɯ, ɢ ɤɚɩɩɚ/ɛɟɬɚ-ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɨɜ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ
ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧ-ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɎɇɈ
(ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɚ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɢ) ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɥɟɣɤɢɧɨɜ (ɂɅ-6, ɂɅ-8, ɂɅ-10) ɦɨɧɨɧɭɤɥɟɚɪɧɵɦɢ
ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. Ʉɚɩɩɚ–ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɢɬɨɝɟɧɨɦ (Ʌɉɋ) ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɂɅ-6, ɚ ɥɹɦɛɞɚɢ ɤɚɩɩɚ/ɣɨɬɚ- ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ
ɎɇɈ. Ʉɚɩɩɚ/ɛɟɬɚ–ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɚɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧ-ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧɚ ɂɅ-10. Ʌɹɦɛɞɚɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɢɧɚ ɜ
ɹɞɪɚɯ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɯ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ “Ʉɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ-Ⱦȼ”, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɹ
ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ “Ʉɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɚ-Ⱦȼ”. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɤɨɪɪɢɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ “Ʉɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ-Ⱦȼ” ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ
243
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɚ, ɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɟɦɨɫɬɚɡɚ, ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɈɄɂ
(ɨɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɹɦɢ) ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ. ȻȺȾ “Ʉɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ-Ⱦȼ” ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɟɦɨɫɬɚɡɚ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɞɢɚɛɟɬɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ “Ʉɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧ-Ⱦȼ” ɧɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɀɄɌ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ȾɂȻɈɊɇɈɅȺ ɇȺ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂȿ ɇȿɃɊɈɇɈȼ ɋȿɌɑȺɌɄɂ ɉɊɂ
ɋɌɊȿɉɌɈɁɈɌɈɐɂɇɈȼɈɆ ȾɂȺȻȿɌȿ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɀɞɚɧɤɢɧɚ1, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧ1, ɂ.ɋ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ3, ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ3, Ɇ.Ȼ. ɉɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ2,
ɋ.ȼ. Ʌɨɝɜɢɧɨɜ1
1 - ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ Ɋɨɫɡɞɪɚɜɚ"
2 - ɇɂɂ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɆɇ
3 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɢɚɛɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɬɢɧɨɩɚɬɢɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɚɧɝɢɨɩɚɬɢɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɥɟɩɨɬɵ.
ɐɟɥɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚ
ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥɚ
(4-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2,6ɞɢɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɚ) ɧɚ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɫɟɬɱɚɬɤɢ ɤɪɵɫ ɫɨ
ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɡɨɬɨɰɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɢɚɛɟɬɨɦ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ 30 ɛɟɥɵɯ ɛɟɫɩɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɪɵɫɚɯ-ɫɚɦɰɚɯ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 10 ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ, 20
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɛɟɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɛɪɸɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɡɨɬɨɰɢɧɚ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 15 ɦɝ ɧɚ 100 ɝ ɜɟɫɚ. ɑɟɪɟɡ 30 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɡɨɬɨɰɢɧɚ ɤɪɵɫɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ: ɤɪɵɫɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (n=10)
ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30 ɫɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 100 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɬɟɥɚ, ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ 1 ɦɥ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɢɡɢ; ɤɪɵɫɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (n=10) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ
ɷɤɜɢɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɢɡɢ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɢ ɝɚɧɝɥɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɯ ɫɟɬɱɚɬɨɤ ɤɪɵɫ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɡɨɬɨɰɢɧɨɜɵɦ
ɞɢɚɛɟɬɨɦ. ȼ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ, ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɗɉɋ ɜ 4,2 ɪɚɡɚ (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɢ
15,58±2,08%, ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɗɉɋ, 42,79±5,71%). ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɗɉɋ ɜ 3,9 ɪɚɡɚ
ɢ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ ɜ 1,4 ɪɚɡɚ (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɗɉɋ 50,59±3,15%, ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɢ
13,01±0,89%). Ⱦɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɫɟɬɱɚɬɤɢ. ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ ɜ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɢ
ɝɚɧɝɥɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɗɉɋ ɜ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ
ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɜ 2,8 ɪɚɡɚ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɛɨɪɧɨɥ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɹ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ
ɧɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ
ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɧɝɥɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɫɟɬɱɚɬɤɢ ɤɪɵɫ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɡɨɬɨɰɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɢɚɛɟɬɨɦ.
244
ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾ(ȺɆɂɇɈ)ɆȿɌɂɅɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ ɗɌɂɅɈȼɈȽɈ
ɗɎɂɊȺ ɉ-ȺɆɂɇɈȻȿɇɁɈɃɇɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ ɂ ɂɏ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺə
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
Ɍ.ɋ. ɀɢɜɨɬɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɏ. ɀɚɤɢɧɚ, Ɇ.ɘ. Ʉɭɪɚɩɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɯɢɦɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɮɢɪɚ ɩ-ɚɦɢɧɨɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚɦɢ ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧɨɦ, ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ –
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɢɩɟɪɢɞɢɧɨɦ ɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɦ 40%-ɧɨɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ = 1-2
ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ (1-4) – ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ 4-ɚɦɢɧɨ-3-(ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞ(ɚɦɢɧɨ)ɦɟɬɢɥ)ɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
COOC2H5
COOC2H5
H+
+ CH2O + HN
CH2N
NH2
NH2
(1-4)
N
N = O
N
(1) ;
N
(2) ;
N
N
(3) ;
N
(4)
O
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ (1-4) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ȼɵɯɨɞɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (1-4)
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ 59-77% ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɞɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɬ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɚɦɢɧɨɜ. ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (1-4) ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɂɄ-, ɉɆɊ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ,
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
(4) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɦɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) ɢ
ɝɪɚɦɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (Escheriɫhia ɫoli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɬɢɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɢɛɤɚ Candida
ɚlbicans, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɱɢɧɨɤ
ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɱɤɨɜ Artemia salina.
ɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈɃ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ȼɈɅɈɄɈɇ ɅɖɇȺ
ɂ ȾȿɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ – ɉɊɈɑɇɈɋɌɇɕɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɈɄ
ɇ.Ɇ. Ɂɚɛɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɱɟɤ, Ʌ.Ɇ. Ʉɚɥɸɠɧɚɹ, ȿ.ɇ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ, Ȼ.Ɂ. ȼɨɥɱɟɤ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɶɧɹɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɢɯ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ ɢ ɉȺȼ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ –
245
ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ – ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
(ɠɢɪɨɜ, ɜɨɫɤɨɜ, ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ ɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ) ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɥɶɧɚ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ - ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ (ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ) ɢ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɚɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɶɧɹɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ
ɜɨɫɤɨɜ, ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɥɶɧɹɧɵɯ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ. ɉɪɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɥɶɧɹɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɝɢɩɨɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢ ɬɚɤɚɹ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ (ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
Ⱥ1372/Ⱥ2900). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɥɶɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ (0,39), ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ (0,67). ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɦɨɪɮɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ 2900 ɫɦ-1, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (0,61).
ɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈɃ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ Ʌɖɇəɇɕɏ ȼɈɅɈɄɈɇ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ ɋɈɁɊȿȼȺɇɂə ɅɖɇȺ
ɇ.Ɇ. Ɂɚɛɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɱɟɤ, Ʌ.Ɇ. Ʉɚɥɸɠɧɚɹ, ɇ.ɇ. ɋɚɩɪɵɤɢɧɚ, ȿ.ɇ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ,
Ȼ.Ɂ. ȼɨɥɱɟɤ, ȼ.Ʉ. Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɶɟɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɊɎ, ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɶɧɹɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ,
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ
ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɶɧɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɥɶɧɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɪɨɫɬɚ: «ɛɭɬɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ», «ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɥɨɫɬɶ» ɢ «ɪɚɧɧɹɹ ɠɟɥɬɚɹ ɫɩɟɥɨɫɬɶ» (ɫɨɪɬɚ
Ɉɪɲɚɧɫɤɢɣ 2).
Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɂɄɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɋɟɝɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɭɝɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ
ɜɢɫɤɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɚɞɨɤɫɟɧɟ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɥɶɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɶɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɯ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ,
ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɢ
ɠɢɪɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɜ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɯ ɥɶɧɚ «ɪɚɧɧɟɣ
ɠɟɥɬɨɣ ɫɩɟɥɨɫɬɢ». ȼ ɥɶɧɹɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ «ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɥɨɫɬɶ» ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
246
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈɃ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ
ȼɈɅɈɄɈɇ ɅɖɇȺ ɊȺɁɇɕɏ ɋɈɊɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɂɏ ȾȿɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ ɉɊɈɑɇɈɋɌɇɕȿ ɂ ɎɂɁɂɄɈ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
ɇ.Ɇ. Ɂɚɛɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɱɟɤ1, ɋ.ɇ. Ʉɭɬɭɡɨɜɚ2, ȼ.Ʉ. Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɶɟɜ1, Ʌ.Ɇ. Ʉɚɥɸɠɧɚɹ1
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ƚɇɍ Ƚɇɐ ȼɇɂɂ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɂ. ȼɚɜɢɥɨɜɚ, ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ- ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɢ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ.
Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɬɨɧɧɚɠɧɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ - ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɢ ɨɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɟɜɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ ɥɶɧɚ (ɤɨɫɬɪɚ). Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ - ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
(ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ) ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ (ɝɨɞ), ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɯɥɨɩɤɚ.
ȼɨɥɨɤɧɚɦ ɥɶɧɚ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ - ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ
ɥɶɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɡɨɥɵ), ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ, ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ. ɇɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɅɂɆɎɈɄɂɇȿɌɂɑȿɋɄȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɂ
ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈɄȼȿɊɐȿɌɂɇȺ ɂ ɅɂɉɈȿȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ
ɂ.ɋ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɢɞɢɯɦɟɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ɂ. Ⱥɥɢɟɜ, Ɇ.Ȼ. ɉɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɇɂɂ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɆɇ
[email protected]
ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɬɬɨɤɚ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɨɣ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɥɢɦɮɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɢ ɥɢɩɨɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ 30 ɤɪɵɫɚɯ-ɫɚɦɰɚɯ ɥɢɧɢɢ ȼɢɫɬɚɪ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 300–380 ɝ.
ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ 5 ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨ 6 ɤɪɵɫ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ. Ⱦɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ (50 ɦɝ/ɤɝ),
ɞɟɬɪɚɥɟɤɫ (50 ɦɝ/ɤɝ), ɥɢɩɨɟɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ (50 ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɢ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ (50 ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɢ
ɥɢɩɨɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (50 ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɜ
247
ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɪɵɫɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɷɤɜɢɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ
ɱɚɫ ɞɨ ɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɥɢɦɮɵ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɥɢɦɮɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɦɮɵ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɤɚɬɟɬɟɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɥɟɱɧɨɣ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ
ɤɪɵɫ (cisterna chili). Ɂɚɛɨɪ ɥɢɦɮɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɬɢɨɩɟɧɬɚɥɨɜɵɦ ɧɚɪɤɨɡɨɦ (60 ɦɝ/ɤɝ,
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɛɪɸɲɢɧɧɨ). Ʌɢɦɮɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɝɟɩɚɪɢɧɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 50
ȿȾ/ɦɥ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɬɬɨɤɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɦɤɥ/ɤɝ·ɦɢɧ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ «Statistica 6.0».
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ Mann-Whitney U test.
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɬɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɲɢɯ ɞɟɬɪɚɥɟɤɫ ɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ,
ɛɵɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚ 38% ɢ 25% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ
ɝɪɭɩɩɟ. Ʌɢɩɨɟɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɬɬɨɤɚ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ
ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɢ ɥɢɩɨɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɚ ɥɢɦɮɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɫɨɩɚɫɬɨɜɢɦɭɸ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɭ ɞɟɬɪɚɥɟɤɫɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɬɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ 38%.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɫ ɥɢɩɨɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɥɢɦɮɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ʌɢɩɨɟɜɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɥɢɦɮɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ.
ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ȽɂɉȿɊɊȺɁȼȿɌȼɅȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɈȼ
ɉɊɂ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂɂ ȽȺɅȿɇɈȼɕɏ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ȻȿɊȿɁɈȼɈȽɈ
ȽɊɂȻȺ INONOTUS OBLIQUUS
Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɋɵɫɨɟɜɚ1, ȼ.ȼ. Ɂɨɛɨɜ2
1 - Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂOɎɏ ɢɦ. Ⱥ. ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɇɐ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ. ɉɨ
ɫɜɨɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɧɢ ɫɯɨɠɢ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ –
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ- ɢ ɦɟɠɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɪɨɜɶɸ, ɥɢɦɮɨɣ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɭ
ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɛɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ – ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 100-400
ɧɦ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ «Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ»
ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ IV ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ «ɦɚɥɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ»;
ɦɵɲɢ, per os). ɉɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɷɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ - ɤ «ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ» ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ (ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ, per os). Ɉɫɬɪɚɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ LD50 ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 6500 ɦɝ/ɤɝ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ (ȺɈȺ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,8-7,0 Ʉɥ/ɦɥ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ȺɈȺ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ (ȽɊɉ) ɫɟɪɢɢ
Boltorn ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ȽɊɉ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ
ɤ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ȺɈȺ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ Boltorn ɇ30 ɢ ɇ40 ɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 10-1-10-19 ɝ/ɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ȺɈȺ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɪɢ
ɪɚɡɚ.
ȽɊɉ ɫɟɪɢɢ Boltorn ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ
ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɜɢɪɭɫɨɦ ɗɛɨɥɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɚɝɢ ɢ ȽɊɉ
Boltorn ɇ30 ɢ ɇ40. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ III ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ «ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ»; ɦɵɲɢ, per os) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ «Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
248
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ»; ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɷɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ
- ɤ «ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ» ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ (ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ, per os). Ɉɫɬɪɚɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɨɡɚ LD50 ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2550 ɦɝ/ɤɝ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ
ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Cɋl4 – ɝɟɩɚɬɢɬɚ.
ȺɐȿɌɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ȼ ɋɊȿȾȿ ɋȼȿɊɏɄɊɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ
ȾɂɈɄɋɂȾȺ ɍȽɅȿɊɈȾȺ
Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ɂɜɚɯɧɨɜ1, Ɍ.ɗ. ɋɤɪɟɛɟɰ1, Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ2
1 - Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ
ɚɰɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ
ɬɪɢɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ȼɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɢɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 54 – 56%. ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɝɧɨɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɢ ɟɺ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɋɄɎ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ [1].
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɬɛɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ ɞɥɹ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɛɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ [2].
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɚɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɭ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ
ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 53 – 55,5% ɩɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ 210 – 225%, ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɞɢɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɋɄ ɋɈ2 ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ
ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɊɎɎɂ ʋ 09-03-12310-ɈɎɂ_Ɇ
1. Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ/ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧɚ ɢ ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɭɧɢɧɚ// Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ:
Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝ. ɝɨɫ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬ., 2009. – 489ɫ.
2. ɂɜɚɯɧɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱦ., Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ Ʉ.Ƚ., ɋɤɪɟɛɟɰ Ɍ.ɗ. Ɉɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ// ɋɜɟɪɯɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɥɸɢɞɵ:
ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. – 2008. – Ɍ. 3. - ʋ 4. – ɋ. 45-51.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɈɉɌɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɌɂɈɅɋɍɅɖɎɂɇȺɌɈȼ ɆȿɇɌȺɇɈȼɈȽɈ
ɊəȾȺ
ȿ.ɋ. ɂɡɦɟɫɬɶɟɜ, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɭɞɚɪɢɤɨɜ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɏɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ (+)ɧɟɨɦɟɧɬɢɥɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɚ ɢ (-)-ɦɟɧɬɢɥɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɯ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ: ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɢɨɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɚɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɯ
249
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɚɛɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ; ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ, ɞɭɲɢɫɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ [1]; ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥɚɦɢɞɨɜ, ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɫɚɥɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɟ.
ɉɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɢɬɢɨɥɚɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɨɧɚ (I) ɫ ɧ-ɛɭɬɢɥɥɢɬɢɟɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ
ɦɟɧɬɢɥɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɚ II ɢ III. Ⱦɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɦɟɪɤɚɩɬɚɧɨɜ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ PBr5, I2, FeCl3 ɢ ɜɵɫɧɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ PBr5, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɨɜ - ɦɟɧɬɢɥɧɟɨɦɟɧɬɢɥɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞ (IV). ɉɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ
ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ m-CPBA (ɦɟɬɚ-ɯɥɨɪɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ) ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɩɚɪɵ
ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɢɨɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɬɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ de ɞɨ
30%.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Fernández I., Khiar N. // Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, P. 3651-3705.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɄɂɋɅɈɊɈȾɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ
ȽȿɌȿɊɈɐɂɄɅɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ
ɄȺɊȺɇɈȼɈȽɈ ɊəȾȺ
ɂ.ȼ. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ, Ʉ.ɉ. ȼɨɥɱɨ, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɨɪɱɚɝɢɧɚ, ɇ.Ɏ. ɋɚɥɚɯɭɬɞɢɧɨɜ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.ɇ. ȼɨɪɨɠɰɨɜɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɬɦɨɪɢɥɥɨɧɢɬɨɜɵɯ ɝɥɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɦɚɥɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɷɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ,
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ,
ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɝɥɢɧɚɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɢɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɡ
250
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɨɜɵɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ.
ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ (+)-2- ɢ (+)-3-ɤɚɪɟɧɵ (1
ɢ 2). ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɛɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɨɜɚ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ
ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɨɛɨɢɯ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɤɚɪɟɧɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ (+)-2- ɢ (+)-3-ɤɚɪɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɨɧɬɦɨɪɢɥɥɨɧɢɬɨɜɵɯ ɝɥɢɧ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ.
ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɌȿɋɌ-ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼ ȾɅə ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə
ɋȺɏȺɊɈɁɕ ȼ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊȺɏ
ȿ.ɇ. Ʉɚɥɦɵɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɚ
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʌɢɩɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɝ. Ʌɢɩɟɰɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɵɟ,
ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɧɵɟ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɬɟɫɬɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɫɬ-ɩɨɥɨɫɨɤ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ
ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ ɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɩɪɭɞɵ, ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɟɦɵ). ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɫɬ-ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ - ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ,
ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɫɬ-ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɤ,
ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ Co2+.(ɋɨCl2; Co (NO3)2 ; CoSO4) ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
«ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ» ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ (KOH, NaOH) ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɪɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɬ 0,001 ɞɨ 10 %. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ: ɫɨɥɢ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ (ɱ.ɞ.ɚ., Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ), ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɛɢɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɤ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɭɦɚɝɭ ɦɚɪɤɢ Filtrak FN-15.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ:
x ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɥɟɣ Co2+.ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0,05 ÷ 3 Ɇ;
x ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɚɧɢɨɧɚ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɨɥɢ (Cl-; NO3- ; SO42-);
x ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ (0,1%, 1%; 5% ɢ 10%);
x ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ (18 ÷ 50ɨ ɋ);
x ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɱɟɪɟɡ 1, 15, 30 ɢ ɦɢɧ);
x ɦɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ (Fru, Glc) ɢ ɞɪ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ 0,5 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ Co (NO3)2 ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 18-20ɨ ɋ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ 5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ
NaOH. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɲɤɚɥɚ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ
ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 1%.
251
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɉɈɅɂɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ȽȿɌȿɊɈɐɂɄɅɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ
ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ (+)-3-ɄȺɊȿɇȺ
ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɚɫɪɚɞɡɟ1, ȿ.ȼ. ɋɚɥɢɦɨɜɚ1, Ɉ.ɋ. Ʉɭɤɨɜɢɧɟɰ2, Ʌ.Ɋ. Ƚɚɪɢɮɭɥɥɢɧɚ2, Ⱦ.Ƚ. Ƚɚɛɞɪɚɯɢɦɨɜɚ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "Ȼɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ", ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱥɡɨɬ-, ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ- ɢ ɫɟɪɭɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ ɫ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɛɢɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɍɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɢɧɬɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɧɨɥɥɚɤɬɨɧ
ɤɟɬɨɤɚɪɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ 1, ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɡ (+)-3-ɤɚɪɟɧɚ.
ɐɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɧɨɥɥɚɤɬɨɧɚ 1 ɞɢɝɚɥɨɤɚɪɛɟɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɪɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 2a,b, ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚɧɨɜ. Ⱥɥɥɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ 1 ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ 3 ɨɬɤɪɵɥɨ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦ 5(4ɇ)-ɨɤɫɚɡɨɥɨɧɚ 7-9, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ
ɬɪɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ 5-6. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ
ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ
ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ.
X
C O 2M e
O
X
a
O
O
O
1
2 (a ,b )
X = C l, B r
c
O
O
O
O
b
O
O
3
4
f
O
O
O
O
d
O
7
8
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
+
O
9
C O 2M e
Cl
Cl
N
N
N
C O 2M e
O
Ph
Ph
Ph
e
d
5
6
Ɋɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ: ɚ) CHX3, Ʉ2ɋɈ3, n-Bu4N+Br-, MeOH; b) SeO2 (2 ɷɤɜ.), [bmim][PF6], 1100C;
c) Ph3P=CHCO2Me, THF; d) CH2N2, Pd(acac)2, Et2O, 5-100C; e) CHCl3, K2CO3, n-Bu4N+Br-,
CCl3CO2Na, •))); f) PhCONHCH2CO2H, Ac2O, K2CO3.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ
ɇɒ-1725.2008.3 ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ ʋ 18.
ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɄɊɂɈȽȿɅȿɃ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɉɈɅɂȼɂɇɂɅɈȼɈȽɈ ɋɉɂɊɌȺ ɂ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɚɫɵɦɛɟɤɨɜ, Ɇ.Ɍ. Ɉɦɵɪɡɚɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɍ. Ȼɚɣɛɚɤɬɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ɋ. ɂɫɚɛɟɤɨɜɚ,
Ȼ.Ɇ. Ʉɭɞɚɣɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜɚ, ɒ.ɇ. ɀɭɦɚɝɚɥɢɟɜɚ, Ɇ.Ʉ. Ȼɟɣɫɟɛɟɤɨɜ, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɛɢɥɨɜ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ⱥɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
Ʉɪɢɨɝɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ - ɦɚɤɪɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɮɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɬɭɞɧɢ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɚɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨ-ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜ
252
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɢɛɨ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɥɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ
ɝɟɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɪɢɨɝɟɥɹɦɢ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
ɩɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ (ɉȼɋ) + ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ (NaɄɆɐ) ɢ ɉȼɋ +
ɚɝɚɪ-ɚɝɚɪ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ 10, 13 %-ɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɨɝɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɉȼɋ + NaɄɆɐ ɢ ɉȼɋ
+ ɚɝɚɪ-ɚɝɚɪ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 2 ɫɭɬɨɤ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɉȼɋ + NaɄɆɐ ɢ ɉȼɋ + ɚɝɚɪɚɝɚɪ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ (D) ɤɪɢɨɝɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɉȼɋ +
NaɄɆɐ 3,3 – 9 % ɢ ɞɥɹ ɉȼɋ + ɚɝɚɪ-ɚɝɚɪ 1,5-8 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɤɪɢɨɝɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɉȼɋ-NaɄɆɐ ɢ ɉȼɋ-ɚɝɚɪ-ɚɝɚɪ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ-ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɨɝɟɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɝɟɥɹɦɢ. ȼ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɨɝɟɥɢ ɉȼɋ + NaɄɆɐ ɢ ɉȼɋ +
ɚɝɚɪ-ɚɝɚɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɧɚɛɭɯɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ.
ȽɂȻɊɂȾɇɕȿ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂə ȽɅɂɄɈɁɂȾɈȼ S. REBAUDIANA ɂ
ȾɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾȺ ɂɁɈɋɌȿȼɂɈɅȺ ɋ ɌɍȻȿɊɄɍɅɈɋɌȺɌɂɄɈɆ ɂɁɈɇɂȺɁɂȾɈɆ
ɂ ȿȽɈ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɆɂ. ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂ ȺɇɌɂɌɍȻȿɊɄɍɅȿɁɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
ȼ.ȿ. Ʉɚɬɚɟɜ, ɂ.ɘ. ɋɬɪɨɛɵɤɢɧɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ, Ȼ.Ɏ. Ƚɚɪɢɮɭɥɥɢɧ, Ɋ.Ɋ. ɒɚɪɢɩɨɜɚ
ɂɈɎɏ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ.Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɇɐ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɚɯ (ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚɯ, ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɚɯ, ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚɯ), ɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚ S. rebaudiana ɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɛɢɨɡɢɞɚ
(1) ɢ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ (4) ɫ ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɨɦ ɢɡɨɧɢɚɡɢɞɨɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
(3, 5). ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ
ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɬɟɬɪɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ (6)-(8), ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɜɚ ɷɧɬ-ɛɟɣɟɪɚɧɨɜɵɯ
ɤɚɪɤɚɫɚ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɣɫɟɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ.
O
HOH2C
O
R1 = OH
HO
O C
R1
HO
HO
O
OH
O
OH
HO
O
OH
(2)
(1) HO
HO
R1 =
R4
OH
C(O)
R3 = -OH; -CH3;
R4 = =NNHR2
NHNHR2
R2 =
R3 = OH; R4 = O
C(O)R3
(3)
N
253
(4)
NHNHR2
(5)
(CH2)
n
O
O
H
N N
O
OH
O
(8)
(7)
(6)
O
O
O
O
O
H
N N
(CH2)
n
HO
O
O
HO
OH
O
O
N
H
H
N
H
N
(CH2)
n
O
O
N
H
O
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɵ S. Rebaudiana (1, 2), ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞ ɢɡɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥ (4), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ (3), (5), (6)-(8) ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ (ɆɂɄ = 1-20 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ)
ɚɧɬɢɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ (H37RV, in vitro). ȼɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ (1)-(8) ɪɨɫɬɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ M. tuberculosis.
ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇȺə ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɋɄɈɉɂə əɆɊ ȼ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɂ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ
ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ (ɇȺ ɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ ɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɈȼ, ɌɊɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ,
ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɈȼ ɂ ɂɏ ȽɅɂɄɈɁɂȾɈȼ)
ȼ.ȼ. Ʉɚɱɚɥɚ
ɈɈɈ "Ȼɪɭɤɟɪ"/ɂɈɏ ɢɦ. , Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ (əɆɊ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɢ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɚ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ 30 ɥɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɬɚɥ
ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ. Ⱦɜɭɦɟɪɧɚɹ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ əɆɊ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɨɦɨɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ (1ɇ-1ɇ COSY, TOCSY ɢ ROESY) ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ (1ɇ-13ɋ gHSQC, gHMBC ɢ 1H-15N gHMBC),
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɹɞɟɪ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ: ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ/ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ, ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɨɞɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɵɯ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ, ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ, ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɞɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ əɆɊ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ ɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ.
1. T. Claridge. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy in organic chemistry. 2nd edition. Elsiever,
2009.
2. R. Marek, A. Lyska. 15N NMR Spectroscopy in Structural Analysis. Current organic
chemistry, 2002, ʋ6, 35-68
3. I.S. Levina, E.V. Pokrovskaya, L.E. Kulikova et. al. «3- and 19-Oximes of 16Į,17Įcyclohexanoprogesterone: synthesis and interactions with progesterone receptor and other
proteins». Steroids, Volume 73, Issue 8, September 2008, Pages 815-827
254
ȼɕɋɈɄɈɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɂɌȿɅɖɇɕȿ Ɋȿɒȿɇɂə ȼ ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɋɄɈɉɂɂ əɆɊ
ɄɈɆɉȺɇɂɂ BRUKER BIOSPIN
ɂ.ȼ. Ʉɚɱɚɥɚ
ɈɈɈ "Ȼɪɭɤɟɪ"
[email protected]
Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ Bruker Biospin ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ əɆɊɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɨɪɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ — ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɢɯ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ,
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɋɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɵ əɆɊ Avance ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɛɨɥɟɟ 106:1 ɢ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ/ɲɭɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ.
ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ
ɦɚɥɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ,
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ (15-25Ʉ) ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ 3-5
ɪɚɡ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ ɫɨɬɧɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ əɆɊ ɜ
ɚɦɩɭɥɚɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɚɦɩɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ əɆɊ ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɵɦ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ, ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɨɦ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɪɢɫɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ, ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɦɩɭɥ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ. Ʉ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ LC-NMR ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɜ ɟɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ əɆɊ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȿɞɢɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ TOPSPIN, ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɞɥɹ TOPSPIN
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ-ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ 13ɋ ɢ 1ɇ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɟɧɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɬ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ Bruker Biospin ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ, ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ
ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɟ əɆɊ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɬɞɚɱɟɣ.
255
ȼɈȾɇɕȿ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɕ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ȻɍɊɕɏ ȼɈȾɈɊɈɋɅȿɃ:
ɊȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
Ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɥɢɧɞɭɯ, ȿ.Ⱦ. Ɉɛɥɭɱɢɧɫɤɚɹ
Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ʉɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥ, ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɢ, ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ. ɇɨ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɫɺ
ɲɢɪɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɉɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɜɹɡɤɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ. ɗɬɭ ɢɯ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɥɟɣ, ɫɬɭɞɧɟɣ, ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɣ ɢ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ
ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɛɭɪɵɯ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ (ɚɥɶɝɢɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɚ), ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɡɚɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ (ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ ʋ 2337571), ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɢ ɫ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ
ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɧɶɸɬɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ. ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ (ɜɝ), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ, ɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɹɡɤɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦ, ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɫ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɨ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ 10-100 ɪɚɡ.
ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ (ɫɟɬɨɤ, ɧɢɬɟɣ)
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ,
ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ. ɗɬɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɧɶɸɬɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɨ
ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ 10-100 ɪɚɡ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ
ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ.
256
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɆɍɅɖɌɂɌȺɊȽȿɌɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɋ
ɉɊɈȺɉɈɉɌɈɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺɆɂ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ȺɇɌɂȻɂɈɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ɉȿɉɌɂȾɈȼ ɑɅȿɇɂɋɌɈɇɈȽɂɏ ɂ ɋȿɋɄȼɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ ɅȺɄɌɈɇɈȼ
ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɊȺɇ, ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ɂɧɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡɚ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚ ɫ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɭɬɟɣ - ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ Ras/MAPK ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɢɧɨɡɢɬɨɥ-3-ɤɢɧɚɡɵ (PI-3K) [1]. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ – ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ,
ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ, ɚɞɝɟɡɢɢ, ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ
ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ ɪɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ
ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ [2]. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬɚ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɵɥɢ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɜ (ȺɆɉ) ɱɥɟɧɢɫɬɨɧɨɝɢɯ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ȺɆɉ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ –
ɥɢɱɢɧɨɤ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ȺɆɉ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ Ras/MAPK/PI-3K –
ɮɚɪɧɟɡɢɥɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɵ ɢ ɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɨɚɩɨɩɬɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
1. K. Jiang, D. Coppola et. al, Mol. Cell. Biol., 2000, Vol. 20, 1, p. 139–148
2. Lane K.T., Beese L.S., J. Lipid Research, V. 47, 2006, ɪ. 681
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɇɈȼɕɏ ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɅɂȽȺɇȾɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɈɉɌɂɑȿɋɄɂ
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɆɈɇɈɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼ ȾɅə ȺɋɂɆɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ
ɆȿɌȺɅɅɈɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈȽɈ ɄȺɌȺɅɂɁȺ
ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧɟɜɚ, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɨɪɱɚɝɢɧɚ, Ʉ.ɉ. ȼɨɥɱɨ, ɇ.Ɏ. ɋɚɥɚɯɭɬɞɢɧɨɜ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.ɇ. ȼɨɪɨɠɰɨɜɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɵ ɜɫɺ ɱɚɳɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɵ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɵ (+)-, (-)-Įɩɢɧɟɧɵ, (+)-2- ɢ (+)-3-ɤɚɪɟɧɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɨɣ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ ɫ ɯɥɨɪɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɢɥ-ɢɡɨɰɢɚɧɚɬɨɦ (CSI). ɋɢɧɬɟɡ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ:
257
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɵ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ (+)-, (-)-Į-ɩɢɧɟɧɨɜ, (+)-2- ɢ (+)-3-ɤɚɪɟɧɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ,
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɜɚɧɚɞɢɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɧɡɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɷɬɢɥɰɢɧɤɚ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɌȿɅə ɇȺ ɋɉȿɄɌɊɕ ɎɅɍɈɊȿɋɐȿɇɐɂɂ ɆɈȾȿɅɖɇɕɏ
ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ ɁȼȿɇȺ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȼ ɋɆȿɋəɏ ȼɈȾɕ ɋ ȾɆɋɈ
ɂ ȾɆɎȺ
Ⱦ.ɋ. Ʉɨɫɹɤɨɜ1, ɇ.ɋ. Ƚɨɪɛɨɜɚ2, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɪɯɢɥɢɧ1, Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ2
1 - ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ (Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɋɦɟɫɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɟɥɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧ-ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɟɦɭ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ-ɮɥɭɨɪɨɮɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɚɤ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɜ
ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ.
258
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɚɪɚ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɜɚɹɤɨɥɚ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ, ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɧɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɍɎ-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ
ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɟ, N,N-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɞɟ ɢ ɢɯ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɥɶɜɚɬɧɵɯ
ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɹɬ-ɚɧɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɜɨɞɚ-ɚɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɝɜɚɹɰɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ Ɏɟɪɫɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ.
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɭ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ɮɨɬɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 09-03-00809-ɚ)
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɊȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ ɇȺɌɊɂȿȼɈɃ
ɋɈɅɂ ɄȺɊȻɈɄɋɂɆȿɌɂɅɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ȼ ɊɈɌɈɊɇɈ-ɐȿɇɌɊɈȻȿɀɇɈɆ
ȺɉɉȺɊȺɌȿ
ɇ.ȿ. Ʉɨɱɤɢɧɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɞɨɯɢɧ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ (Na-ɄɆɐ), ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɝɭɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɢɩ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɟɝɨ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ Na-ɄɆɐ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɧɶɸɬɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ Ɉɫɬɜɚɥɶɞɚ ɞɟ-ȼɢɥɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɵɟ ɢ
ɭɞɚɪɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ, ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜɢɞ
ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ Na-ɄɆɐ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0.5-0.7, ɫɧɢɠɚɹɫɶ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ. Ɏɚɤɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ Na-ɄɆɐ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɵɯ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɚ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ Na-ɄɆɐ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɦɟɯɚɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ (ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 30-120 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɦ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ Na-ɄɆɐ.
259
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɇȺɇɈɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɄɊȺɏɆȺɅȺ ɂ ɋɅɈɂɋɌɈȽɈ
ɋɂɅɂɄȺɌȺ ȼ ɊɈɌɈɊɇɈ-ɂɆɉɍɅɖɋɇɈɆ ɍɋɌɊɈɃɋɌȼȿ
ɇ.ȿ. Ʉɨɱɤɢɧɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɞɨɯɢɧ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ʉɪɚɯɦɚɥ – ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨ- ɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɚ – ɦɨɧɬɦɨɪɢɥɥɨɧɢɬɚ
(ɆɆɌ), ɷɤɫɮɨɥɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɦɨɧɨɫɥɨɟɜ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ~ 1 ɧɦ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɢ ɆɆɌ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɆɆɌ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ
ɢ
ɆɆɌ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (Ɋɂɍ), ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ,
ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɮɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 20-30 ɦɢɧɭɬ (ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ 12-48 ɱɚɫɨɜ). ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ, ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɋɂɍ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɆɆɌ ɜ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɦɚɥɨɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ ɩɢɤɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɆɆɌ.
ɉɥɟɧɤɢ ɧɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ 3-5% ɆɆɌ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ 75-80%
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ 30-40% ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ
ɧɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɚɦɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ʋ 09-08-01172_ɚ ɢ 09-08-97587 ɪ_ɰɟɧɬɪ_ɚ).
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɈɋɌȺȼȺ ȼɂȾɈȼ STELLARIA ɂ
ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɖ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂɏ ȼ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȿ
ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜ, ə.ȼ. Ƚɨɪɢɧɚ, ɗ.ȼ. ɋɚɩɪɵɤɢɧɚ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɚ
Stellaria ɫɟɦ. Caryophyllaceae ɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ S. media L., S. graminea L., S. bungeana Fenzl.
ɢ S. holostea L., ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ 4 ɜɢɞɚ ɪɨɞɚ Stellaria, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɮɚɡɭ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ȻȺȼ: ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ (ɨɬ 0,52 % ɜ S. graminea
L. ɞɨ 12,57 % ɜ S. media), ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ (1,17 % ɜ S. media), ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɨɬ 0,35 % ɜ S. bungeana ɢ ɞɨ 6,20 % ɜ S. media), ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɨɜ, ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ, ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɢɞɨɜ, ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (63,5 ɦɝ% ɜ S. media). ȼ
ɡɨɥɟ S. media ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɚɬɨɦɧɨ-ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 32
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɢɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (ɦɝ/ɤɝ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɵ): Ʉ-19, ɋɚ-12, Mg-5,2, Na-5,0 ɢ Fe- 0,7. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ
260
(ȼɊɉɋ): Glc, Gal, Ara ɢ Xyl. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɵ ɜ S. media ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ 5
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɚɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɨɜ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɥɟɨɧɨɥɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ȼɊɉɋ S. media L. ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ƚɟɩɚɬɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ CCL4- ɝɟɩɚɬɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɪɵɫɚɯ-ɫɚɦɰɚɯ. Ɍɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ S. media ɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ȼɊɉɋ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɪɫɢɥ ɩɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɚɦɢɧɚɡ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɓɎ, ɛɢɥɢɪɭɛɢɧɚ, ɬɢɦɨɥɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɤɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɟɱɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɰɢɬɨɜ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɱɟɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɢ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ȼɊɉɋ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɚ, ɚ ɩɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ
ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɫɢɥ.
ȽɊɍɉɉɈȼɈɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ȽɂȾɊɈɎɈȻɇɈɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɍȽɅȿɄɂɋɅɈɌɇɈȽɈ
ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌȺ ȾɊȿȼȿɋɇɈɃ ɁȿɅȿɇɂ ɉɂɏɌɕ
Ⱥ.Ʉ. Ʉɭɪɝɚɧɨɜ1, ȼ.ɂ. Ɋɨɳɢɧ2
1 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɋɢɛɷɤɫ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɋ.Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ
[email protected]
ȼ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɟɞɪ, ɫɨɫɧɚ, ɩɢɯɬɚ ɢ ɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 40 % ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɯɨɞ ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɥɟɫɭ, ɨɤɨɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ
ɡɟɥɟɧɶ.
ɇɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ “ɋɢɛɷɤɫ” ɜɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɢ – ɨɬɯɨɞɚ
ɥɟɫɨɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ȾɁ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ Ɍɍ 9151-001-58908454-03, ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (31,3 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ) ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (64,5 %). ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ,
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɢ ɧɚ 76,6 % ɢɡ ɧɟɨɦɵɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ 17,9 % “ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ” ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ɂɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɇɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɝɟɥɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɜɹɬɶ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ,
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɂɄ – ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ (21,4 %), ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ (35,2 %), ɫɩɢɪɬɵ (38,2 %) ɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 4 %).
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɨɧɨ –, ɫɟɫɤɜɢ – ɢ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ
ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ ɠɢɜɢɰɵ ɩɢɯɬɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ, ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɢɡ ȾɁ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɚ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ, Į –
ɝɭɦɭɥɟɧ, ɛɢɡɚɛɨɥɟɧ ɢ ɥɨɧɝɢɮɨɥɟɧ. ɂɡɨɩɢɦɚɪɚɞɢɟɧ ɢ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɢɟɬɚɧ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ.
ɋɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɷɮɢɪɚɦɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ɋɩɢɪɬɨɜɚɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ, ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ. ȼ
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɛɨɪɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ (ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ), Į –
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ, ɥɨɧɝɢɛɨɪɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ, ɝɟɪɚɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ. ȼ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ (0,1 % ɨɬ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ) ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɢɥɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɢɟɬɚɬ, ɦɟɬɢɥɚɛɢɟɬɚɬ,
ɦɟɬɢɥɢɡɨɩɢɦɚɪɚɬ.
261
ȼ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɢ ɦɚɧɨɢɥɨɤɫɢɞɚ.
Ʉɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɚɦɮɨɪɨɣ ɢ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚɦɢ ɬɪɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ: ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɚɥɶ, ɩɚɥɸɫɬɪɢɧɚɥɶ, ɢɡɨɩɢɦɚɪɢɧɚɥɶ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɌȺɅɅɈȼɕɏ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼ – ɉɍɌɖ
ɉɈȼɕɒȿɇɂə ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɂɏ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɡɢɧ, Ⱥ.ɇ. ȿɜɞɨɤɢɦɨɜ, Ɉ.ɋ. Ʉɭɪɡɢɧɚ, Ɉ.Ʉ. Ⱥɛɚɤɭɧ, ɘ.ȼ. Ʉɨɤɨɜɤɢɧɚ,
ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂɚɜɚɥɢɲɢɧɚ, ȿ.Ɉ. Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜɚ, Ƚ.Ⱦ. əɧɤɨɜɟɰɤɚɹ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʉɪɵɫɢɧɚ, Ɉ.ɇ. ɒɚɪɨɧɨɜɚ,
Ɉ.ȼ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɚ, ɇ.ȼ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɚ, ɘ.Ɇ. Ƚɨɥɭɛɟɜɚ, ȼ.Ȼ. Ⱥɧɬɢɩɢɧɚ, ȼ.ɋ. Ƚɨɥɢɤɨɜɚ,
ɗ.Ɂ. Ƚɚɫɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ.ɉ. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɦɦ, ɘ.Ƚ. Ɍɪɢɲɢɧ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɤɟ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 ɦɥɧ. ɬ ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 100 ɬɵɫ. ɬ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ (ɀɄɌɆ), ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ (ȾɌɆ) ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɥɚ (ɅɌɆ), ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɚɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ (Ɍɉ),
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ: 1) ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɧɢɡɲɢɯ
ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ,
ɩɟɪɮɬɨɪɚɥɤɢɥɨɜɵɯ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ,
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ,
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ, 2) ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɠɢɪɧɨɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɜ, 3)
ɨɤɬɢɥɚɦɢɞɵ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɵ, 4) ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɫ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ Ɍɉ, 5) ɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɢɧɵ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ Ɍɉ. ɗɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɀɄɌɆ, ȾɌɆ, ɅɌɆ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ,
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɦɚɡɨɤ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ɍɉ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɥɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ, ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɵ ɢ ɨɤɬɢɥɚɦɢɞɵ Ɍɉ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ. ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɟ
ɫɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɥɢɰɢɞɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ, ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɨɜ, ɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ Ɍɉ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɀɄɌɆ, ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɨɤɫɢɪɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ - ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ,
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ.
262
ɋɌȿɊȿɈɂɁɈɆȿɊɇɕɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɆȺɀɈɊɇɕɏ ɆɈɇɈɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ
ɗɎɂɊɇɈȽɈ ɆȺɋɅȺ ɂɇɌɊɈȾɍɐɂɊɍȿɆɕɏ ɎɈɊɆ ɆəɌɕ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɢɥɨɜ1, ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɭɛɚɪɟɜɚ1, ȿ.Ȼ. Ʉɢɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ2, Ƚ.Ɏ. Ȼɢɞɸɤɨɜɚ2, Ʌ.ɋ. Ɉɥɟɯɧɨɜɢɱ2,
ɂ.Ɇ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ2
1 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɊȺɇ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɞ ɢɦ. ɇ.ȼ. ɐɢɰɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɦɚɠɨɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɨɞɚ Mentha L. (2-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ): NV-74 (I ɢ II),
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɚɹ-2 (III) ɢ ȽȻɋ 2-95 (IV). Ɇɚɠɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɧɬɨɧɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɧɬɨɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɚɦɢ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ɋɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɦɚɠɨɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ 2), 3)
1)
ɋɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ
Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ
KI
I
II
III
IV
%
Ɇɟɧɬɨɧ
ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɢɡɨɦɟɪ
1133
7.80
3.50
10.15
17.30
ɂɡɨɦɟɧɬɨɧ
ɰɢɫ-ɢɡɨɦɟɪ
1141
16.85
15.10
25.40
3.00
ɇɟɨɦɟɧɬɨɥ
1151
1.10
1.05
1.70
3.65
1Į, 2Į, 5ȕɇɟɨɦɟɧɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ
1261
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.15
Ɇɟɧɬɨɥ
1163
43.10
43.45
33.80
55.00
1Į, 2ȕ, 5ĮɆɟɧɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ
1279
21.90
27.55
3.90
2.70
ɂɡɨɦɟɧɬɨɥ
1173
1.60
1.80
6.50
1.10
1Į, 2ȕ, 5ȕɂɡɨɦɟɧɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ
1291
0.70
0.85
0.90
0.20
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ: 1) – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ Ʉɨɜɚɱɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɬɧɨ-ɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧ-ɚɥɤɚɧɨɜ; 2) – ɷɮɢɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ: I – ɢɡ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ; II-IV – ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ;
3)
– ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ (%) ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɫɟɯ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ.
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ. ɉɪɢɛɨɪ
ɮɢɪɦɵ Agilent Technologies, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ: 1) ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ 7890 (ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ HP-1,
30 ɦ x 250 ɦɤɦ x 0.25 ɦɤɦ) ɢ 2) ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ 5975 C ɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɦ
ɦɚɫɫ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ. ɏɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ – ɩɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ – ChemStation E 02.00.
ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ NIST-05 ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ Ʉɨɜɚɱɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɥɹ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɟɧɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɨɥɨɜ (ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
Ɉ-ɚɰɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɬɨɥɨɜ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɟ). Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ (%) ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
263
ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɇɕɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɗɎɂɊɇɈȽɈ ɆȺɋɅȺ ɂɇɌɊɈȾɍɐɂɊɍȿɆɕɏ
ɎɈɊɆ ɆəɌɕ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɢɥɨɜ1, ȿ.Ȼ. Ʉɢɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ2, Ƚ.Ɏ. Ȼɢɞɸɤɨɜɚ2, Ʌ.ɋ. Ɉɥɟɯɧɨɜɢɱ2, Ɉ.Ʌ. ȿɧɢɧɚ2
1 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɊȺɇ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɞ ɢɦ. ɇ.ȼ. ɐɢɰɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɨɞɚ Mentha L. ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɥɚ (ɗɆ). Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɗɆ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ 2-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ
ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 4-ɯ ɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦ: NV-74 (I ɢ II), Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɚɹ 2 (III),
ȽȻɋ 2-95 (IV) ɢ ȽȻɋ 1-84 (V). Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 70-ɬɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɗɆ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɗɆ ɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɨɞɚ Mentha L.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ **)
I
II
III
IV
V
(%)
2.84
3.37
1.27
1.97
1.98
ȼɵɯɨɞɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ
3.95
3.10
8.30
8.95
5.85
Ɇɢɧɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ
Į-ɬɭɣɟɧ, Į-ɩɢɧɟɧ, ɤɚɦɮɟɧ, ɫɚɛɢɧɟɧ, ȕ-ɩɢɧɟɧ, ȕ-ɦɢɪɰɟɧ, ȥ-ɥɢɦɨɧɟɧ, ɩ-ɰɢɦɨɥ, 1,8-ɰɢɧɟɨɥ,
ɥɢ-ɦɨɧɟɧ, ɬɪɚɧɫ-ȕ-ɨɰɢɦɟɧ, ɨɰɢɦɟɧ, IJ-ɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɧ, 5-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥ-2ɦɟɬɢɥɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[3.1.0]ɝɟɤɫɚɧ-2-ɨɥ, ɥɢɧɚɥɢɥɨɤɫɢɞ, Į-ɬɟɪɩɢɧɨɥɟɧ, 4-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥ-1-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɟɧ-1-ɨɥ, ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɩɢɧɨɤɚɪɜɟɨɥ, ɰɢɫ-ȕ-ɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɨɥ, ɩɢɧɨɤɚɪɜɨɧ, ɦɟɧɬɨɮɭɪɚɧ, 3-ɩɢɧɚɧɨɧ, 4-ɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɨɥ, Į-ɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɨɥ,
ɦɢɪɬɟɧɨɥ, ɩɢɩɟɪɢɬɨɥ, ɩɭɥɟɝɨɧ, ɩɢɩɟɪɢɬɨɧ, ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɝɟɪɚɧɢɨɥ, ɢɡɨɩɭɥɟɝɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ, ɬɢɦɨɥ,
ɦɢɪɬɟɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ, 8-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɢɧɚɥɨɨɥ, ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɝɟɪɚɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɨɧ, ɝɟɪɚɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ
Ɇɚɠɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ
ɦɟɧɬɨɧ *)
24.65
18.60
35.55
20.30
0.30
ɦɟɧɬɨɥ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ*)
68.60
74.90
46.90
62.80
1.60
ɥɢɧɚɥɨɨɥ
< 0.05
0.05
2.65
1.65
83.30
2.40
3.05
6.00
5.60
8.45
Ɇɢɧɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ
ɤɨɩɚɟɧ, ȕ-ɛɭɪɛɨɧɟɧ, ȕ-ɷɥɟɦɟɧ, Į-ɝɭɪɶɸɧɟɧ, ȕ-ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ, 4-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥ-1-ɦɟɬɢɥ-3ɨɤɫɨɰɢɤ-ɥɨɝɟɤɫɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ, ȕ-ɤɭɛɟɛɟɧ, Į-ɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ, ȕ-ɮɚɪɧɟɡɟɧ, ɚɪɨɦɚɞɟɧɞɪɟɧ, 1ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥ-4,7-ɞɢ-ɦɟɬɢɥ-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-ɝɟɤɫɚɝɢɞɪɨɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧ*), 1-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥ-7-ɦɟɬɢɥ-4ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧ-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-ɨɤɬɚɝɢɞɪɨɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧ*), ɝɟɪɦɚɤɪɟɧ D, IJ-ɷɥɟɦɟɧ, Į-ɫɟɥɢɧɟɧ, ɤɚɞɢɧɚ1,3,5-ɬɪɢɟɧ, į-ɤɚɞɢɧɟɧ, ɚɪɨɦɚɞɟɧɞɪɟɧ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞ, ɫɩɚɬɭɥɟɧɨɥ, ɝɟɪɦɚɤɪɟɧ D-4-ɨɥ, ȕɤɚɪɢɨɮɢɥɥɟɧ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞ, 1,1,4,7-ɬɟɬ-ɪɚɦɟɬɢɥɞɟɤɚɝɢɞɪɨ-1H-ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɨɩɚ[e]ɚɡɭɥɟɧ-4-ɨɥ*),
ɤɭɛɟɧɨɥ, ɥɟɞɟɧ ɨɤɫɢɞ, 4-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɢɥ1,6-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-ɨɤɬɚɝɢɞɪɨɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧ-1-ɨɥ,
6-ɢɡɨɩɪɨɩɟɧɢɥ-4,8a-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ1,2,3,5,6,
7,8,8a-ɨɤɬɚɝɢɞɪɨɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧ-2-ɨɥ*)
0.40
0.30
0.60
0.70
0.50
ɇɟɢɡɨɩɪɟɧɨɢɞɵ
3-ɨɤɬɚɧɨɥ, ɢɡɨ-ɚɦɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɟɪɚɬ, ɧ-ɚɦɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɟɪɚɬ, 3-ɨɤɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ, ɰɢɫ-3ɝɟɤɫɟɧɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɟɪɚɬ, ɧ-ɝɟɤɫɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɟɪɚɬ, ɷɜɝɟɧɨɥ, ɰɢɫ-ɠɚɫɦɨɧ, ȕ-ɮɟɧɢɥɷɬɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɟɪɚɬ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: *) - ɫɭɦɦɚ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ; **) – ɗɆ ɢɡ ɫɨɰɜɟɬɢɣ (I) ɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ (II-IV).
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɏɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ ɮɢɪɦɵ Agilent Technologies,
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢɡ: 1) ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ 7890 (ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ HP-1, 30 ɦ ɯ 250 ɦɤɦ ɯ 0.25 ɦɤɦ) ɢ
2) ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ 5975 C ɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ.
264
(ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ – ɩɨ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ NIST-05 ɢ
ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦ Ʉɨɜɚɱɚ). Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ (%) ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɵ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ.
(R)-4-ɆȿɇɌȿɇ-3-Ɉɇ ȼ ɋɂɇɌȿɁȿ (4S)-ɆȿɌɂɅɈɄɌȺɇɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ –
ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌȺ ȺȽɊȿȽȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ ɎȿɊɈɆɈɇȺ ɀɍɄȺ ɇɈɋɈɊɈȽȺ
ɗ.Ɋ. Ʌɚɬɵɩɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ȼɚɧɧɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɬɨɜɚ1, Ɋ.Ɋ. Ɇɭɫɥɭɯɨɜ2, Ɋ.Ɏ. Ɍɚɥɢɩɨɜ1,
Ƚ.ɘ. ɂɲɦɭɪɚɬɨɜ2
1 - Ȼɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɇɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ 4S-ɦɟɬɢɥɨɤɬɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (7) í ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɮɟɪɨɦɨɧɚ ɠɭɤɚ ɧɨɫɨɪɨɝɚ ɪɨɞɚ Oryctes, ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ l-ɦɟɧɬɨɥɚ (R)-4-ɦɟɧɬɟɧ-3-ɨɧɚ (1), ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɫɨɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɵɯ
ɟɧɨɧɨɜ
ɤ
ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
1,2-ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɬɪɟɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɥɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ CrVI [1, 2].
O
a, b
O
c
O
e
HO2C
3
1
e
d
MeO2C
4
2
HO
f
5
o
g, h, i
Br
6
HO 2C
7
o
a. EtMgBr, Et2O, -78 C; b. PCC, CH2Cl2, 0 C; c. O3/O2, c-C6H12-MeOH, 0oC; d. N2H4˜H2O,
KOH, ¨; e. LiAlH4, Et2O; f. PBr3/Py; g. Mg; h. CO2; i. H2O.
1. S. Torii, T. Inokuchi, R. Oi, J. Org.Chem., 48, 1944 (1983).
2. A. Nangia, G. Prasuna, Synth.-Commun., 24, 1989 (1994).
ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɐɂɋɌȿɂɇȺ ȾɂɈɄɋɂȾɈɆ ɏɅɈɊȺ
ɂ.ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɋɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɜ
ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ S-ɦɟɬɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟɢɧɚ (1), S-ɛɟɧɡɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟɢɧɚ (2) ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ
ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 95-97 % ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɨɜ.
265
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ S-ɬɪɢɬɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟɢɧɚ (3) ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ
ɯɥɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɚɧɢɧɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬ (4), ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɚɧɨɥ (5), ɞɢɬɪɢɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɷɮɢɪ (6).
NH2 O
COOH
S
NH2
3
ClO2, H2O
30
o
HOOC
COOH
S
O S
C
OH
O
NH2
4
5
6
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɚ S-ɬɪɢɬɢɥ-L-ɰɢɫɬɟɢɧɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ S-ɋ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ ɢ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ. ɋɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɟɧɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɚɬ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ S-O, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ
ɞɜɚ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ: ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɟɧɢɥɶɧɵɣ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ S-S
ɜ ɞɢɚɥɚɧɢɧɬɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɟ. ɂɡ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɬɪɢɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ
ɷɮɢɪ ɢ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɦɟɬɚɧɨɥ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɆȿɏȺɇɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼȺɐɂɂ ɇȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋ
ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɂ ȽɂɉȿɊɂɐɂɇȺ ɂɁ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
ɂ.Ɉ. Ʌɨɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ1, Ɉ.ɂ. Ʌɨɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ2
1 - ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ» ɩɪɢ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɍɪɚɜɚ ɡɜɟɪɨɛɨɹ ɩɪɨɞɵɪɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ (Hypericum perforatum L.) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɪɹɞ
ɧɚɮɬɨɞɢɚɧɬɪɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ
ɧɚɮɬɨɞɢɚɧɬɪɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɢɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ.
Ƚɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɤɢɫɥɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɢɨɧɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɝɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɝɤɨ
ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ, ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɛɟɡ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɶɸ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ 5 ȼɬ/ɝ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
266
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɳɟɥɨɱɶɸ ɜ 6 ɪɚɡ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɢɡ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɶɸ ɧɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɥɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɶɸ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1 ȼɬ/ɝ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ. ɉɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧɚ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɢɰɢɧɚ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ CRDF (RUX0-008-NO-06), ɊɎɎɂ (08-0912130, 09-03-92658).
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɋɍȻɋɌȺɇɐɂɂ ɂɁ ɇȺȾɁȿɆɇɈɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ
LIMONIYM MYRIANTHUM ɂ ȿȿ ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɟɜɚ, Ƚ.ȿ. ɀɭɫɭɩɨɜɚ, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɛɢɥɨɜ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɦɢɪɟ, ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɵ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ. Ʉ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɚ Limonium
Mill, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɢɡɞɪɟɜɥɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ
ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɢ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɭ, ɟɝɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚ
ɤɟɪɦɟɤɚ í L. gmelinii ɢ L. myrianthum. Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɟɪɦɟɤɚ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ L. gmelinii. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɜɢɞ í L. myrianthum.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɵɪɶɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ L.
myrianthum ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ: ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 7,5%, ɨɛɳɚɹ ɡɨɥɚ - 6,7%, ɡɨɥɚ, ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚɹ
ɜ 10 % HCl, – 0,7 %, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɚɹ ɡɨɥɚ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 8,3%. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜ
ɧɟɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɢɡ L. myrianthum ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ
267
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɟ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
L. myrianthum, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ - 50 % ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɣ
ɫɩɢɪɬ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ 1:8, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ - 24 ɱɚɫɚ, ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ
ɪɚɜɧɚ ɞɜɭɦ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ - 22-25 ɨɋ.
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɨ-ɤɭɦɚɪɨɜɚɹ, ɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɚɹ, ɨ-ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɨɣɧɚɹ,
ɤɨɮɟɣɧɚɹ, ɯɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɦɢɪɢɰɟɬɢɧ, ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 4,56%, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ – 0,15%, ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – 9,8%.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ.
ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈȼɈɋɉȺɅɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɉȿɄɌɂɇɈȼ ɂ ɂɏ
ɎɊȺȽɆȿɇɌɈȼ ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɇɕɏ ɂɁ ɄȺɅɅɍɋɈȼ ɊəɋɄɂ ɆȺɅɈɃ
(LEMNA MINOR L.) ɂ ɋɆɈɅȿȼɄɂ ɌȺɌȺɊɋɄɈɃ (SILENE TATARICA L.)
ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ƚɸɧɬɟɪ
ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɯɨɠɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ, ɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɧɨɜɵɯ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ – ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɮɚɡ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ (Foitzik et al.,
1999).
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɪɹɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ
Lemna minor L. (ɥɟɦɧɚɧ LMC) ɢ ɫɦɨɥɟɜɤɢ ɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɣ Silene tatarica L. (ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧ STC). Ⱦɥɹ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ
ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɩɨɪ (100 ɢ 300 ɤȾɚ) ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɩɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. ɋɜɟɠɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ
ɦɵɲɚɦ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 200 ɦɝ/ɤɝ. ɉɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɗɜɚɧɫɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ
(Pereira et al., 2000).
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɥɟɦɧɚɧ LMC ɢ ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧ STC ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶ
ɝɥɢɤɚɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 300 ɤȾɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɥɟɦɧɚɧɚ
LMC ɢ ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧɚ STC. ɉɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɭ
ɦɵɲɟɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɨ ɫ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢɧɞɨɦɟɬɚɰɢɧɚ - ɧɟɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɭɸ
ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɦ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (65-70%). Ɇɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ 300 ɤȾɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɞɨ 40%. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ
ɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɥɟɦɧɚɧɚ LMC ɢ ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧɚ STC
ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 50% ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ.
268
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ
ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ
ɜ
ɢɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ
ɝɥɢɤɚɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɨɜ.
ȻɂɈɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə ɂɆɆɍɇɈɆɈȾɍɅɂɊɍɘɓɂɏ ɂ ȺɇɌɂɆɂɄɊɈȻɇɕɏ
ȻɂɈɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ
ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɪɬɢɧɫɨɧ1, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɂɥɨɛɢɧ1, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʌɢɬɜɢɧɟɰ1, Ɋ.Ƚ. Ɉɜɨɞɨɜɚ2, ɘ.ɋ. Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ2
1 - Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ "ȼɹɬɫɤɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ"
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɦɦɭɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ.
Ɉɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɒɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ
ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɣ
ɞɟɥɚɟɬ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ,
ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɯ
ɫɜɟɪɯɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɚɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɷɧɞɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɡɚɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ;
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ
ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɢɬɨɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɜ) ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ; ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ
ɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ, ɩɨ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɚ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ in vivo; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ-ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɬɪɵɯ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɯ
ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɣ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ 2009-2013 ɝɨɞɵ».
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɋ
ȽɅɂɐɂɊɊɂɁɂɇɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɈɃ
ȿ.ɋ. Ɇɟɬɟɥɟɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱦɭɲɤɢɧ1, Ɍ.Ƚ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜɚ2, Ɇ.ȼ. ɏɜɨɫɬɨɜ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ȽɄ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ʌȼ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɝɟɥɶ269
ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
ɫɚɦɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ/ɦɢɰɟɥɥ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ȽɄ ɫ Ʌȼ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɂɏɌɌɆ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ. ȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɝɥɢɰɢɪɪɢɡɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (0,001 - 0,5 ɜɟɫ% ), ɜ
ɝɟɥɶ ɯɪɨɦɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɢɤɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ~60-90 ɤȾɚ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ȽɄ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
836,96 Ⱦɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɢɰɢɪɪɢɡɢɧɨɜɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɵ ɆɆ= ~90 ɤȾɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 107 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ȽɄ. Ɇɵ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ȽɄ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɦ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɤ ȽɄ/Ʌȼ = 10/1. ɉɪɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ Ʌȼ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ȽɄ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɫɨɥɸɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ
ɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ. ȼ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ȽɄ-Ʌȼ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɆɆ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɦɵ
ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɥɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɵ/ɫɚɦɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ ȽɄ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ Ʌȼ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ – ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɆȿɏȺɇɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ȼɈȾɈɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɕɏ
ɆȿɀɆɈɅȿɄɍɅəɊɇɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ɋ
ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɆɂ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺɆɂ
ȿ.ɋ. Ɇɟɬɟɥɟɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱦɭɲɤɢɧ1, Ɍ.Ƚ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜɚ2, Ɇ.ȼ. ɏɜɨɫɬɨɜ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
– ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ƚɦɟɥɢɧɚ (ȺȽ), ɮɢɛɪɟɝɚɦɚ – ɝɥɢɤɨɩɪɨɢɧɚ
ɢɡ ɚɤɚɰɢɢ əɩɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɨ ɞɜɚ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ – ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ – ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ «ɦɹɝɤɢɣ» - ɜ ɪɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɲɚɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɟ. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɥɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ Ʌȼ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
«ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ» ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ: ɮɢɛɪɟɝɚɦ < ɩɟɤɬɢɧ <
ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚɧ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ,
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 17ɤȾɚ ɞɨ 8ɤȾɚ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ «ɦɹɝɤɢɣ» ɪɟɠɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɧɨɜ (Ʌȼ) ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚɦɢ ɧɚ
ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ Ʌȼ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ (ɦɵɲɚɯ)
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
270
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚɦɢ) ɞɨ 20 ɪɚɡ.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɎɊȺɄɐɂɃ ɂɁ ɎɂɌɈɆȺɋɋɕ ȺɆȺɊȺɇɌȺ, ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɇɕɏ
ɗɅɘɈɌɊɈɉɇɕɆ ɊəȾɈɆ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɌȿɅȿɃ, ɇȺ ɀɂɁɇȿȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ
ȺɇȺɗɊɈȻɇɕɏ ɆɂɄɊɈɈɊȽȺɇɂɁɆɈȼ
Ⱥ.Ɂ. Ɇɢɧɞɭɛɚɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ȼɨɥɨɲɢɧɚ, ɋ.Ɍ. Ɇɢɧɡɚɧɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.Ɇ. Ⱥɮɨɪɞɨɚɧɶɢ, Ƀ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɤɨɫɚ,
Ⱦ.ȿ. Ȼɟɥɨɫɬɨɰɤɢɣ, Ʌ.Ƚ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜɚ, ȼ.Ɏ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ, ȼ.ȼ. Ɂɨɛɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ
ɂɈɎɏ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɇɐ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ȼ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɚɪɚɧɬ ɛɚɝɪɹɧɵɣ
(Amaranthus cruentus L) ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɥɚɝ-ɮɚɡɭ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ [1].
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɚɦɚɪɚɧɬɟ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ, ɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɐɟɥɶ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɚɦɚɪɚɧɬɚ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɷɥɸɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Bifidobacterium, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɤɢɫɥɨɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
Ɏɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɚ A. cruentus L ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ –
ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ, 70 % ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɨɦ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɢɡ
ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɨɬ 1·10-5 ɞɨ 1·10-15 %.
Ȼɢɮɢɞɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɢɡ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «Ȼɢɮɢɞɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɧ» ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ
ɫɪɟɞɟ Ȼɥɚɭɪɨɤɤɚ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɚɦɚɪɚɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ – ɜɟɫ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɢɮɢɞɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ 2 ɫɭɬɨɤ
ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ (ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ
ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ 0.1 ɧ NaOH ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧɚ).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ 1·10-5 ɢ 1·10-7 % ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ
ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɢɮɢɞɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ 1·10-9 , 1·10-11 ɢ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, 1·10-13 %,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ – ɩɪɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ 1·10-14 ɢ 1·10-15 % ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ. ɂɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɢɡ ɚɦɚɪɚɧɬɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ, ɚ ɧɟ ɪɨɫɬ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ʋ 3 ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ⱥ.Ɂ. Ɇɢɧɞɭɛɚɟɜ, ɋ.Ɍ. Ɇɢɧɡɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. ɋɤɜɨɪɰɨɜ, ȼ.Ɏ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ, ȼ.ȼ. Ɂɨɛɨɜ, Ɏ.ɘ.
Ⱥɯɦɚɞɭɥɥɢɧɚ, Ʌ.Ƚ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.ȿ. Ȼɟɥɨɫɬɨɰɤɢɣ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. – 2009. - ʋ 4. – ɋ. 220 – 226.
271
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɌɊɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ ɋȺɉɈɇɂɇɈȼ – ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ɈɅȿȺɇɈɅɈȼɈɃ ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɍɎ – ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɎɈɌɈɆȿɌɊɂɂ
ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɟɧɤɨ, Ɍ.Ⱥ. Ȼɪɟɠɧɟɜɚ, ȼ.Ɏ. ɋɟɥɟɦɟɧɟɜ
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ – ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɵ – ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚ ɮɚɪɦɪɵɧɤɟ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ
ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɢɯ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɚ - ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɵɣ ɛɭɮɟɪ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ
ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:1) ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɍɎ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ
ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ – ɍɎɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɸ. ȼ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɥɟɚɧɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧ. Ȼɵɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɜ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ. Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɷɬɢɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɟ (ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɚɯ «ɋɚɩɚɪɚɥ») ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ±3%, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɤɨɪɧɟɩɥɨɞɨɜ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɟɤɥɵ) - ±6%, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ – ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɥɟɚɧɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ
ɧɟɝɨ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ȽȺɋɌɊɈɗɇɌȿɊȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɊȿȾɕ ɇȺ ɋɌɊɈȿɇɂȿ ɉȿɄɌɂɇɈȼ ɂɁ
ɈȼɈɓȿɃ
ɇ.ə. Ɇɢɯɚɥɟɜɚ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɉɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɫɥɚɛɨ, ɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵ [1, 2].
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɫɬɪɨɷɧɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ.
ɉɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɪɟɞɶɤɢ ɩɨɫɟɜɧɨɣ Raphanus sativus L., ɩɟɪɰɚ ɫɥɚɞɤɨɝɨ Capsicus annuum L.ɢ
ɫɟɥɶɞɟɪɟɹ ɩɚɯɭɱɟɝɨ Apium graveolens L. ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ
272
ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (30 ɦɦɨɥɶ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 4 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢ 1,4-D-D-ɩɨɥɢɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɚɡɨɣ (1ɦɝ ɧɚ 150
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢ 37qɋ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ,
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɫɬɪɨɷɧɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɡɵ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ
ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɝɚɫɬɪɨɷɧɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ 300 ɤȾɚ.
1. Holloway W.D. Pectin digestion in humans / W.D. Holloway, C. Tasman-Jones, K.
Maher // Am. J. Clin. Nutr. – 1983. – Vol. 37. – P. 253-255.
2. Coles H.W. The digestion of pectin and methylated glucoses by various organisms //
Plant Physiol. – 1926. – Vol. 1(4). – P. 379–385.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɁȺȼɂɋɂɆɈɋɌɂ ɊȺɁɆȿɊɈȼ ɑȺɋɌɂɐ ȼɈȾɇɈɃ ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɂɂ
ɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ɈɌ Ɋɇ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɎɂɅɖɌɊȺɐɂɂ ɇȺ ɌɊȿɄɈȼɕɏ
ɆȿɆȻɊȺɇȺɏ
ɘ.Ʌ. Ɇɨɪɟɜɚ, ɇ.ɋ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɨɪɟɧɰɫɨɧ, ɘ.Ɇ. ɑɟɪɧɨɛɟɪɟɠɫɤɢɣ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɬɪɟɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɪ ɨɬ 30 ɞɨ 3500 ɧɦ ɜ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɇ (9.5 - 2.0) ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ (10ɦɝ/ɥ) ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ (ɋɅ).
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɇ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɫ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ 30 ɧɦ. ɋ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɋɅ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɇ 5 ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɋɅ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɨɬ 50 ɞɨ 100ɧɦ (57%, ɦɚɫɫ.), ɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 4 –
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɨɬ 150 ɞɨ 200ɧɦ (74%, ɦɚɫɫ.). ȼ ɢɡɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɋɅ (ɪɇ 2)
ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ: ɨɬ 1000 ɞɨ 1500ɧɦ – 38%, ɦɚɫɫ.; ɨɬ
1500 ɞɨ 2500ɧɦ - 15%, ɦɚɫɫ.; ɛɨɥɟɟ 3500ɧɦ – 27%.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɪɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ.
273
ȺȽɊȿȽȺɌɂȼɇȺə ɂ ɋȿȾɂɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɊɇɇȺə ɍɋɌɈɃɑɂȼɈɋɌɖ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ
ȾɂɋɉȿɊɋɂɃ ɆɂɄɊɈɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ ȼ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊȺɏ
ɋɈɅȿɃ ȺɅɘɆɂɇɂə
ɉ.Ɇ. Ɇɨɫɭɪ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɨɪɟɧɰɫɨɧ, ɘ.Ɇ. ɑɟɪɧɨɛɟɪɟɠɫɤɢɣ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
Ɇɢɤɪɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ (ɆɄɐ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ - ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɟɺ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɭ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ
ɪɹɞ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɧɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɆɄɐ
ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɟɺ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɆɄɐ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ, ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ (1ǜ10-5 – 2ǜ10-3) ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɢ pH (2-11).
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɆɄɐ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɯɥɨɩɤɨɜɚɹ ɆɄɐ (ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ 15
ɦɤɦ).
ȼ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɆɄɐ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɺɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ pH, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɡɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ pH 3,2. ɉɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ, ɢɡɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɆɄɐ
ɫɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ pH 3,2 ɞɨ ɪɇ 3,8, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ pH. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɆɄɐ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɆɄɐ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɢɨɧɚ (SO42– , Cl– ɢ NO3–) ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɨɥɢɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ pH (4 – 9) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Al2(SO4)3 ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 1ǜ10–3
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ. ɗɬɢɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɝ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɥɟɣ.
ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈȿ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɄȺɁȺɏɋɌȺɇɋɄɈȽɈ ȼɂȾȺ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ
POLYGONUM ALPINUM
Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɇɭɫɢɧɚ, Ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɇɭɡɵɱɤɢɧɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɉɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, Polygonum Alpinum ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ – ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɢ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ. ɗɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɨɜɟɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ,
ɞɭɛɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ.
Ⱥɪɟɚɥ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɝɨɪɰɟɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɄ
ɜɟɥɢɤɢ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ Alpinum ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɮɚɪɦɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɸ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ȻȺȼ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ
274
ɦɚɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ʉ, ɋɚ, Mg, Fe, Ƚɀɏ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ 20
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ: ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬ (50% ɫɩɢɪɬ), ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ «ɫɵɪɶɟ –
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ» (1:7), ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ (5 ɱɚɫɨɜ), ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ -2 ɜ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 75-80°ɋ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 28,44 %.
Ɏɢɬɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ Ȼɏ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ȻȺȼ: ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥɨ- ɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɮɟɧɨɥɵ,
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ, ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɵ,
ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɵ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ ɞɚɸɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȺȾȺɉɌɈȽȿɇɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɎɂɌɈɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȺ «ȼɂɌɂɇ»
ȼ.Ⱦ. ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜɚ, Ɇ.ɒ. Ʉɭɡɟɧɛɚɟɜɚ
ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ.Ɇ.Ʉɨɡɵɛɚɟɜɚ
[email protected]
ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɫɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɨɝɟɧɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ. Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɹɬ
ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ, ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ, ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɵ, ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɵ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɷɮɢɪɧɵɟ
ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɚɧɬɪɚɯɢɧɨɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪ. ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɧɬɵ ɧɚɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɞ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɮɟɧɨɥ. Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɟɥɢɤ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɟɧ ɨɧ
ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ɏɟɧɨɥ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ȼ ɋɄȽɍ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «ȼɢɬɢɧ», ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ Linosyris villosa
(ɝɪɭɞɧɢɰɚ ɦɨɯɧɚɬɚɹ). ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ. ɂɡ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
Linosyris villosa ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ȻȺȼ (ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ «ȼɢɬɢɧ»), ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɡɭɱɢɥɢ ɧɚ
ɚɞɚɩɬɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɦɵɲɚɯ. Ʉɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 10 ɉȾɄ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥ ɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ «ȼɢɬɢɧ» ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ
ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɜ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ, ɜɟɝɟɬɨɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɚɞɚɩɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɩɪɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
275
ɍȽɅȿȼɈȾɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾȺ ȺɇȺȻȺɁɂɇ
Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɇɭɪɤɟɧɨɜ, ɂ.ȼ. Ʉɭɥɚɤɨɜ, ɀ.Ȼ. ɋɚɬɩɚɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɪɢɧɨɜɚ
ɌɈɈ "ɂɈɋɍ ɊɄ"
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɜ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ
ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ƚɥɢɤɨɡɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ȼ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɧɚɦɢ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɞɚ Nɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɢɥɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ 1-ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢ-2,3,4,6-ɬɟɬɪɚ-Ɉ-ɚɰɟɬɢɥ-E-D-ɝɥɸɤɨɩɢɪɚɧɨɡɢɥɢɡɨɬɢɨɰɢɚɧɚɬɨɦ (1). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɥɢɡɨɬɢɨɰɢɚɧɚɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ
ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ (75 ɢ 82% ɨɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬ.) ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ
N-ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɥɬɢɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɵ (2,3). Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɟɧɡɨɥ ɢ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ.
S
CH2OAc
HN
O
OAc
CH2OAc
O
N=C=S
+
OAc
AcO
N
H
N
AcO
OAc
2
1 OAc
N
+
N
C N
N
S
O
CH2OAc
HN
O
OAc
H2 C C
NHNH2
O
C NHNCCH2 N
AcO
OAc
N
3
ȼ ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (2,3) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
1545-1575 ɫɦ-1, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɢɨɚɦɢɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (C=S), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 3320-3345 ɫɦ-1, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ NH.
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ 1750 (ɋ=Ɉ) ɢ 1240 ɫɦ-1 (Ɉ-ɋ).
ɉɢɪɚɧɨɡɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ ɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ (2,3) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɣ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ 912-928
ɫɦ-1. Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɋ1-ɇ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 887-892 ɫɦ-1 ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ Eɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɚ.
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɕ ɊȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə
ɆȺɄɊɈɎɂɌɈȼ ȻȺɊȿɇɐȿȼȺ ɆɈɊə
ȿ.Ⱦ. Ɉɛɥɭɱɢɧɫɤɚɹ
Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ʉɇɐ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɮɭɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ȻȺȼ).
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɭɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ,
ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɫ
276
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɜɢɞɵ ɫɵɪɶɹ - ɮɭɤɭɫɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ (Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus,
Fucus distichus ɢ Ascophyllum nodosum). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ:
ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨ-ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɭɫɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ, ɦɚɧɧɢɬ, ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɢ ɚɥɶɝɢɧɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ.
Ɏɭɤɭɫɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ȻȺȼ). Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɦɚɧɧɢɬ, ɫɨɥɢ (ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɟ, ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɵɟ, ɤɚɥɢɟɜɵɟ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.)
ɚɥɶɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧ, ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɚɧ, ɥɢɩɢɞɵ, ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɵ, ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.
Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ȻȺȼ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ (ɜɢɞɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ), ɫɬɚɞɢɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ (ɉɚɬɟɧɬ
ɊɎ ʋ 2337571) ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɮɭɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ
Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ȻȺȼ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɦɢ ɜ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɨɜ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ 5-17% ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ.
ɍɅɖɌɊȺɁȼɍɄɈȼȺə ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂə ȽȿɌȿɊɈȽɅɂɄȺɇɈȼ ɅɖɇȺ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ
ȿ.ȼ. Ɉɠɢɦɤɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɂ. ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜ1, ȿ.ɂ. Ɇɚɪɬɢɪɨɫɨɜɚ2, ɂ.ȼ. ɍɳɚɩɨɜɫɤɢɣ3
1 - Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɍɜɟɪɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ɇ. ɗɦɚɧɭɷɥɹ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - Ƚɇɍ ȼɇɂɉɌɂ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɶɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɊȺɋɏɇ, Ɍɜɟɪɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɶɧɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ
ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ, Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ, Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɢ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ. Ʌɟɧ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ: ɢɡ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɚɬɢɫɬ, ɯɨɥɫɬ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɛɭɦɚɝɭ, ɥɶɧɹɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɥɢɮɵ, ɥɚɤɨɜ,
ɤɪɚɫɨɤ.
ȼ ɮɢɬɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɥɶɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɣ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 10% ɫɥɢɡɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɥɶɧɚ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ. Ƚɟɬɟɪɨɝɥɢɤɚɧɵ ɥɶɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ
ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ: ɤɢɫɥɨɣ (ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɭɪɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ) ɢ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɵ ɢ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɤɫɢɥɚɧɵ).
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɢɤɚɧɵ ɥɶɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɛɢɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ, ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɚɧɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɯɥɟɛɨɛɭɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɝɥɢɤɚɧɨɜ, ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ (30ɤȽɰ) ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɥɢɤɚɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɥɶɧɚ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄ-Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɢ ȼɗɀɏ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ (ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ 2358983) ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ (ɫ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɢɧɭɬ) ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɥɢɤɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ.
277
ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɇɕɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼ ɗɎɂɊɇɈȽɈ ɆȺɋɅȺ ARTEMISIA LERCHIANA:
ɊɈɅɖ ɉɈɑȼȿɇɇɈ-ɄɅɂɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɍɋɅɈȼɂɃ ȼ ȿȽɈ ȻɂɈɋɂɇɌȿɁȿ
ɘ.ȼ. Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ1, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɢɥɨɜ2, ȿ.Ȼ. Ʉɢɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ3
1 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢɦ. Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ɍɢɦɢɪɹɡɟɜɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɍɊȺɇ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɞ ɢɦ. ɇ.ȼ. ɐɢɰɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Cɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɵɧɢ Ʌɟɪɯɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ (ɗɆ) ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɦɚɥɨ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ Artemisia lerchiana Web., ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɞɡɨɧɵ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ
ɰɟɧɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ. ɐɟɧɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ I
(ɐɉ-1) ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɥɚ ɜ ɥɟɪɯɨɩɨɥɵɧɧɨ-ɬɢɩɱɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɲɬɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɝ.
ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɚ, ɚ ɰɟɧɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ II (ɐɉ-2) – ɜ ɥɟɪɯɨɩɨɥɵɧɧɨ-ɬɢɩɱɚɤɨɜɨ-ɤɨɜɵɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɧɚ
ɦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪ. ɂɥɨɜɥɹ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɇɚɞɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2006 ɝ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɭɲɢɥɢ, ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɚɥɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɗɆ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ.
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɵɧɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɡɚɫɭɯɢ, ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɢɧɫɨɥɹɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,
ɱɬɨ A. lerchiana ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɗɆ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɗɆ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0.3 ÷ 1.3 % ɨɬ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɩɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɆ: ɜ ɢɸɧɟ ɢ ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɢɤ ɫɨɜɩɚɥ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɛɭɬɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
ɦɟɫɹɰɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɗɆ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɐɉ-1, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɐɉ-2 (1.32 ɢ 0.95 %
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ). ȼ ɢɸɥɟ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɰɟɧɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɗɆ ɜ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɗɆ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɐɉ-1 ɛɵɥɨ
ɜɵɲɟ (0.83 %), ɱɟɦ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɐɉ-2 (0.5 %). ȼ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ, ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɗɆ ɜ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɩɨɥɵɧɢ ɨɛɟɢɯ
ɰɟɧɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɢɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɆ, ɫɨɜɩɚɥ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɗɆ ɜ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ
ɩɨɥɵɧɢ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɰɟɧɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɷɞɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ.
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɗɆ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 60-ɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɧɨ, ɱɬɨ A. lerchiana ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɤɚɦɮɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɵɧɟɣ. Ɇɚɠɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɰɟɧɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ
ɤɚɦɮɨɪɚ, 1,8-ɰɢɧɟɨɥ, ɛɨɪɧɟɨɥ, ɛɨɪɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɢ ɤɚɦɮɟɧ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɷɞɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɦɚɥɨ ɜɥɢɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɠɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɗɆ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ 1,8-ɰɢɧɟɨɥɚ ɜ ɗɆ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ
ɦɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ (ɐɉ-2), ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 41%, ɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɚɲɬɚɧɨɜɵɯ (ɐɉ-1) – 24.5%; ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɮɨɪɵ – 26.3% ɢ 45.5% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
A. lerchiana - ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬ ɷɮɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ
ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.
278
ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɉȿɄɌɂɇɈȼ, ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɇɕɏ ɂɁ ɋɈɄɈȼ, ɇȺ ȼɈɋɉȺɅɂɌȿɅɖɇɍɘ
ɊȿȺɄɐɂɘ
ɇ.Ɇ. ɉɚɞɟɪɢɧ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ – ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ
ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɱɚɝ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ
ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɟɣ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɦɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɚɦɢ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧɨɜ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɚ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɢ-Į (ɎɇɈ-Į). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɩɨɬɚɦɨɝɟɬɨɧɚɧ,
ɩɟɤɬɢɧ ɪɞɟɫɬɚ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ, ɢ ɚɩɢɭɦɚɧ, ɩɟɤɬɢɧ ɫɟɥɶɞɟɪɟɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɪɹɞɨɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ: ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɢɥɢ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɝɚɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɫɨɤɨɜ, ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ.
ȼɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɛɪɸɲɢɧɧɵɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɵɲɚɦ 0,002% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɡɢɦɨɡɚɧɚ.
ɉɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɬɨɦɚɬɧɨɝɨ (LES), ɩɟɪɫɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ (PVS), ɬɵɤɜɟɧɧɨ-ɦɨɪɤɨɜɧɨɝɨ (DSCPS) ɢ
ɹɛɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɨɜ (MDS) ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɵɲɚɦ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. Ɂɚɛɨɣ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ
ɱɟɪɟɡ 4 ɱɚɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɦɵɜɟ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɎɇɈ-Į.
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɢɦɨɡɚɧɚ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ
ɞɨ 8 ɬɵɫ. ɤɥ/ɦɤɥ, ɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɎɇɈ-Į ɞɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ 15 ɧɝ/ɦɥ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ
ɦɵɲɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɲɢɯ LES ɢ PVS, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɧɚ 39% ɢ 45%, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɵɲɟɣ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɩɟɤɬɢɧ LES, ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɎɇɈ-Į ɧɚ 90%, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɦɵɲɟɣ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. ɉɟɤɬɢɧɵ DSCPS ɢ MDS ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɎɇɈ-Į ɜ ɫɦɵɜɟ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɬɨɦɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɨɤɨɜ, ɚ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɬɵɤɜɟɧɧɨ-ɦɨɪɤɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɹɛɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɨɜ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɭ ɦɵɲɟɣ.
ɆȿɏȺɇɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɈɋɈȻ ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɂ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈȿ
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ
ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə SOPHORA FLAVESCENS SOLAND
ɇ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɧɤɪɭɲɢɧɚ1, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɚɧɞɚɧɨɜ2, ȿ.ɂ. ɑɟɪɧɹɤ3
1 - ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ; ɇɈɐ 008 ɩɪɢ ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɚ Sophora ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Fabaceae ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɢ Ɍɢɛɟɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɮɨɪɵ
ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɣ (Sophora flavescens Soland.) ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ (ȻȺȼ) – ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɯɢɧɨɥɢɡɢɞɢɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚɦɢ. ɇɚɦɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ȻȺȼ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ,
ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ. ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (əɆɊ 1H, 13C, ɍɎ, ɏɆɋ, ȼɗɀɏ,
ȼɗɀɏ-Ɇɋ, ɊɋȺ). ɋɨɮɨɪɚ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɚɹ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɜɨ
279
ɜɫɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ — ɤɨɪɧɹɯ, ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɫɟɦɟɧɚɯ, ɨɤɨɥɨɩɥɨɞɧɢɤɚɯ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɧɚɯ ɫɨɮɨɪɵ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɣ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɨɥɨɩɥɨɞɧɢɤɚɯ. ȼ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ — ɦɚɬɪɢɧ, N-ɨɤɫɢɞ ɦɚɬɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɨɪɧɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ — ɫɨɮɨɤɚɪɩɢɧ,
ɫɨɮɨɪɚɦɢɧ ɢ ɫɨɮɨɪɚɧɨɥ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɧɚ, ɯɟɦɨɬɨɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɚɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ 51 ɞɨ 67%.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɦ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɫɨɮɨɪɵ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɣ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɦɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɫɨɮɨɪɵ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɣ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɢ
ɤɨɪɧɟɜɢɳɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ 0,52 ɞɨ
0,99%. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ ɤɭɪɚɪɢɧɨɧ, ɤɭɪɚɪɢɞɢɧ, ɤɭɲɟɧɨɥ Ⱥ, ɥɟɚɯɢɚɧɨɧ Ⱥ,
ɫɨɮɨɪɚɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɧ G ɢ ɢɡɨɤɫɚɧɬɨɤɭɦɨɥ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɯ ɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ, ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ȻȺȼ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɄȺɌȺɅɂɁ ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂə ȾɂɈɄɋȺɇɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ ȿɅɂ ȼ ɄɂɋɅɈɃ ɋɊȿȾȿ
Ɍ.ȼ. ɉɨɜɚɪɧɢɰɵɧɚ, ɇ.Ɋ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ, Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ
Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɡ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɛɵɥɨ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɟɫɯɥɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
[1]. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɪɇ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɨɤɫɚɧɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɟɥɢ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɟɰɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɜɚɧɚɞɨɦɨɥɢɛɞɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ [2].
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ; ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ;
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ ɢ Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 08-03-98803 ɪ_ɫɟɜɟɪ_ɚ
280
1. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ Ʉ.Ƚ., Ʌɭɧɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʉɨɫɹɤɨɜ Ⱦ.ɋ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ / ɩɨɞ.ɪɟɞ.
Ʉ.Ƚ. Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧɚ ɢ ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɭɧɢɧɚ. – Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ: Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝ.ɝɨɫ.ɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬ, 2009 . 489 ɫ.
2. Ɂɚɤɢɫ, Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ [ɬɟɤɫɬ]/Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɂɚɤɢɫ,
Ʌ.ɇ. Ɇɨɠɟɣɤɨ, Ƚ.Ɇ. Ɍɟɥɵɲɟɜɚ.- Ɋɢɝɚ: Ɂɢɧɚɬɧɟ.-1975.-176 ɫ.
ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈȽɇɈɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ CHAMANERION
ANGUSTIFOLIUM ɎɅɈɊɕ ɄɊȺɋɇɈəɊɋɄɈȽɈ ɄɊȺə
ɂ.ȼ. ɉɨɥɟɠɚɟɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ⱥɧɝɚɫɤɢɟɜɚ2
1 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɢɩɪɟɣ ɭɡɤɨɥɢɫɬɧɵɣ - Chamanerion angustifolium, ɫɟɦ. Onagraceae ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɦɟɞɨɧɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɹ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɭ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɟ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɢɩɪɟɹ ɭɡɤɨɥɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ,
ɤɭɦɚɪɢɧɨɜ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ 26 ɦɚɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɋɚɧɉɢɧ 2.32.560-96 ɉȾɄ
ɞɥɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɮɥɚɜɚɧɨɢɞɨɜ: ɝɢɩɟɪɨɡɢɞ, ɢɡɨɤɜɟɪɰɢɬɪɢɧ,
ɤɜɟɪɰɢɬɪɢɧ, ɚɫɬɪɚɝɚɥɢɧ, ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧ ɢ ɤɟɦɩɮɟɪɨɥ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɢ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ
ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ 40% ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ (ɞɨ 47,5%).
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɤɢɩɪɟɹ ɭɡɤɨɥɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ 40%-ɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɟɝɨ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɬɪɨɩɧɚɹ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɩɪɟɹ
ɭɡɤɨɥɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɢɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ.
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɌȿɊɆɈɈɄɂɋɅɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ȾȿɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɂ ɄɈɆɉɈɁɂɐɂɂ
ɉɈɅɂɗɎɂɊɇɈɃ ɋɆɈɅɕ, ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɃ ɄȺɇɂɎɈɅɖɘ, ɂ
ȻɊɈɆɂȾȺ ɌȿɌɊȺɗɌɂɅȺɆɆɈɇɂə
ɇ.ɂ. ɉɨɥɟɠɚɟɜɚ, ɂ.ȼ. ɉɨɥɟɠɚɟɜɚ
ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
C ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɩɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɧɚɹ
ɫɦɨɥɚ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɸ, ɚ ɮɥɸɫɨɦ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɛɪɨɦɢɞ ɬɟɬɪɚɷɬɢɥɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ
(ȻɌɗȺ) – ɫɨɥɶ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
281
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɮɥɸɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɜɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɟ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɆɈɆ Q-1000 (ȼɟɧɝɪɢɹ) ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 0,05 ɝ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɨɦ ɬɢɝɥɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ 10 ɝɪɚɞ˜ɦɢɧ-1. Ɍɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ȻɌɗȺ (ɪɢɫ.1, ɚ) ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ,
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɸ, ɢ ȻɌɗȺ (ɪɢɫ.1, ɛ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȻɌɗȺ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ 250-300ɨɋ, ɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚ ɞɨ 450ɨɋ.
ɛ)
ɚ)
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ
1,9˜104 ɫ1 ɩɪɢ 250qɋ, ɩɪɢ 300qɋ 4,4˜104 ɫ1, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɟɺ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɧɨɣ
ɫɦɨɥɵ ɢ ȻɌɗȺ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 250-300ɨɋ – 41,8r0,8 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ.
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɏȿɆ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɐɂɂ ɂ ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ
ɌɊɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ ȻȿɊȿɁɈȼɈɃ ɄɈɊɕ
ɋ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɩɨɜ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɏɢɦɢɢ ɋɈɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɪɦɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
Ȼɟɬɭɥɢɧ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɫ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ ɧɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɋ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɸɬ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɢɡ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɤɨɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɬ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ.
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 2-2,5. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ;
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ
(ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ).
282
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɥɭɩɟɨɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ
ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ
ɤɨɪɵ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ
95%+
ɦɚɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɥɭɩɟɨɥɚ 95%+
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ 95%+
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɥɭɩɟɨɥɚ ɢ ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ.
ɆȿɆȻɊȺɇɈɌɊɈɉɇɈȿ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ
ȼ.ɂ. ɉɪɨɲɟɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɂ. ȼɢɫɥɨɛɨɤɨɜ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ ɂ.ɉ.ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ, ɝ.
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ: ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ (ɬɚɧɚɰɟɬɚɧɚ)
ɢɡ ɩɢɠɦɵ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ Tanacetum vulgare L., ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ (ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧɚ) ɢ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɢɡ
ɤɚɥɥɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɦɨɥɟɜɤɢ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ Oberna behen (L.)I. (Silene vulgaris (M.)G.),
ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ (ɥɟɦɧɚɧɚ) ɢ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɪɹɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ Lemna minor
L. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɯ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɚ
Lymnaea stagnalis. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ 0.1-100 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ ɧɟɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɬ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ
ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɣ ɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɵɣ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤɚɥɢɟɜɵɣ ɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ (ɫɥɚɛɨ ɞɨɡɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɧɚ 5-10 %), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɤɢ
ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ.
283
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂ ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂȿ ɋȿɊɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ ɆɈɇɈɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ
ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɍɢɦɲɢɧɚ, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɭɞɚɪɢɤɨɜ, ȿ.ɋ. ɂɡɦɟɫɬɶɟɜ, Ɇ.Ɏ. Ⱦɟɦɚɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɞɭɲɢɫɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɟɪɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɢɬɢɨɥɚɧɵ ɦɟɧɬɨɧɚ, ɜɟɪɛɟɧɨɧɚ, ɤɚɦɮɨɪɵ ɢ ɨɤɫɨɬɢɨɥɚɧ ɦɟɧɬɨɧɚ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɨɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɢɥ- ɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɢɥɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ.
O
i-Pr
1:1, m-ClPBA
S
i-Pr
O
S
7a
O
8a
4R,5R,6S,9R
m-ClPBA ɢɡɛ.
m-ClPBA ɢɡɛ.
5R,6S,9R
O i-Pr
O
S
9
O
1:1, m-ClPBA ɢɡɛ.
i-Pr
i-Pr
O
O
7ɛ
S
S
5S ,6S,9R
8ɛ
O
Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɬɢɨɥɚɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɬɢɨɥɫɭɥɶɮɢɧɚɬɨɜ:
S
S
n-BuLi
m-CPBA
PBr5
+
S
SH
SH
S
S
+
S
O
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ:
N
m-CPBA
+
S
N
S
N
H
O
284
N
H
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɏɊɈɆȿɇɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɅȿȼɈȽɅɘɄɈɁȿɇɈɇȺ
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɚɦɟɬ, Ⱦ.ɇ. Ʌɭɬɨɜ, ȼ.ȼ. ɋɟɦɺɧɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
[email protected]
ɏɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɹɞɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ – ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɮɢɥɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɚ:
OH
O
O
O
O
O
O
MeO
O
Ar
O-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ
ɩɨɞɨɮɢɥɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɚ
OMe
OMe
ɩɨɞɨɮɢɥɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɧ
Ʌɟɜɨɝɥɸɤɨɡɟɧɨɧ (Į,ȕ-ɧɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɟɬɨɧ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ)
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫ ɯɪɨɦɚɧɨɜɵɦ ɹɞɪɨɦ:
OH
OH
H
H
OH H
O
H
O
O
H
OH H
H
H
H
H
OH
n
OH
H+ 300-400oC
*
*
SPh
OH
ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ
O
O
O
O
H
O
OO
PhSH, Et3N
OH
CHO
H
O
O
O
O
H
MeOH
NaOH
O
ɥɟɜɨɝɥɸɤɨɡɟɧɨɧ
1. NH2OH
2. SOCl2
H
Cl
OH
O
CN
285
O
O
H
O
O
+
O
O
O
OMe
OH
ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɕȿ ȺɅɅɂɅɉɈɅɂȺɅɄɈɄɋɂȻȿɇɁɈɅɕ ȼ ɋɂɇɌȿɁȿ ȺɇȺɅɈȽɈȼ
ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɈɉɍɏɅȿȼɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ
ȼ.ȼ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ
ɂɈɏ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ.Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɢɚɥɤɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɨɥɵ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚ- ɬɢɤɨɜ
(ɩɨɞɨɮɢɥɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɚ, ɤɨɥɯɢɰɢɧɚ, ɤɨɦɛɪɟɬɚɫɬɚɬɢɧɨɜ, ɮɟɧɫɬɚɬɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɋɈ2-ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɭɤɪɨɩɚ ɢ ɩɟɬɪɭɲɤɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɚɥɥɢɥɩɨɥɢɚɥɤɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɨɥɵ. ɇɚ
ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɩɟɬɪɭɲɤɢ ɢ ɭɤɪɨɩɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɦɢɪɢɫɬɢɰɢɧ, ɚɩɢɨɥ,
ɞɢɥɥɚɩɢɨɥ, ɚɥɥɢɥɬɟɬɟɬɪɚɦɟ- ɬɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɨɥ (5-40 ɤɝ), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ
ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, 1,3-ɞɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ: ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɵ, ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɧɢɬɪɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ 70-90%.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ: ɤɨɦɛɪɟɬɚɫɬɚɬɢɧɚ
ɩɨɞɨɮɢɥɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɚ,
ɮɟɧɫɬɚɬɢɧɚ
-ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɬɭɛɭɥɢɧɚ
R1
R1
OH
O
O
OCH 3
R2
O
O
R2
O
OCH 3
O
R1
CH2
O
R2
OCH 3
O
O
R2
X
OCH 3
R1= R2 = H Myristicine
Y
OH
O
O
R2
OH
OCH 3
O
NH
R1
OCH 3
O
R1
O
O
OH
OCH 3
OCH 3
O
R1
O
Z
O
R2
OCH 3
OCH 3
X, Y, Z = C, N, O
R1=OCH3, R2 = H Apiol
R1= H, R2 = OCH3 Dillapiol
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ «in vivo» ɧɚ
ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚɯ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɟɠɚ, «in vitro» ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (ɆɌ4, U937, CEM13,
A549, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ «in vitro» ɧɚ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɭɛɭɥɢɧɚ.
ɇɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɰɧɟɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ, ɱɟɦ
ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ 3 ɮɚɡɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ.
ɂɇȽɂȻɂɊɍɘɓȿȿ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɉȿɄɌɂɇ-ȻȿɅɄɈȼɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ɇȺ
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɄɋȺɇɌɂɇɈɄɋɂȾȺɁɕ
ȼ.ȼ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ
ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ
286
ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɟ
ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɰɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɟɤɬɢɧ-ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ (ɉȻɄ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɚɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɧɚ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ in vitro.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɉȻɄ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɪɇ 1,9), ɧɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ
(ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɵ, ɦɨɪɤɨɜɢ, ɥɭɤɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɰɚ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ) ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɩɟɩɫɢɧ (ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ
ɥɭɤɚ). Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɫɚɧɬɢɧɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ (290 ɧɦ), ɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚ - ɩɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɚ ɫ (580 ɧɦ).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɉȻɄ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɵ ɢ ɥɭɤɚ (1 ɦɝ/ɦɥ) ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɧɚ 24 ɢ 51% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɢɡ ɦɨɪɤɨɜɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɰɚ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɚ ɫ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɫɚɧɬɢɧɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ. ɗɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɣ
ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚ ɩɟɩɫɢɧɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
0,25 ɝ/ɥ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɵ ɢ ɥɭɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɵ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɫɚɧɬɢɧɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɉȻɄ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɡɵ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɡ, ɱɟɦ
ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ.
ȼɕȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ N-ɆȿɌɂɅɐɂɌɂɁɂɇȺ ɂɁ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ
ɐɂɌɂɁɂɇȺ
Ƚ.Ȼ. ɋɨɬɢɦɨɜ, P.A. Ȼɨɬɢɪɨɜ, ɒ.Ȼ. Ɋɚɯɢɦɨɜ, ȼ.ɂ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɚ, ɒ.ɒ. ɋɚɝɞɭɥɥɚɟɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ ɋ.ɘ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, ɝ. Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ
[email protected]
Ɏɥɨɪɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɚ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɦɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ʉ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɭ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ Thermopsis alterniflora Rgl. et. Schmalh.– (ɬɟɪɦɨɩɫɢɫ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɰɜɟɬɤɨɜɵɣ), ɫɟɦ.
Fabaceae (ɛɨɛɨɜɵɟ) – ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ
ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɦɟ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ Thermopsis alterniflora ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ ɢ N-ɦɟɬɢɥɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ.
ɇɚ ɛɚɡɟ Ɉɩɵɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɂɏɊȼ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ ɧɚɥɚɠɟɧɨ ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ, ɝɞɟ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɬɨɧɧ Thermopsis alterniflora.
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɦɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɰɢɬɢɡɢɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ: ɩɚɯɢɤɚɪɩɢɧ, N-ɦɟɬɢɥɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ, ɚɥɶɬɟɪɚɦɢɧ, ɬɟɪɦɨɩɫɢɧ, ɚɪɝɟɧɬɚɦɢɧ,
ɞɢɦɟɬɚɦɢɧ, ɚɪɝɟɧɬɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ. ɇɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞ N-ɦɟɬɢɥɰɢɬɢɡɢɧ (60%).
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Nɦɟɬɢɥɰɢɬɢɡɢɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɰɢɬɡɢɧɚ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Nɦɟɬɢɥɰɢɬɢɡɢɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ.
287
ɈɌȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɂ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ȻȿɅɄɈȼɈɃ ɎɊȺɄɐɂɂ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɂɁȼɅȿɑȿɇɂɃ ɑȺȽɂ
ȿ.ȼ. ɋɵɫɨɟɜɚ, ȼ.Ɋ. ɏɚɛɢɛɪɚɯɦɚɧɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɋ. Ƚɚɦɚɸɪɨɜɚ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɋɵɫɨɟɜɚ, Ɇ.ɘ. Ɇɚɤɟɟɜɚ,
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɯɦɚɞɭɥɥɢɧɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ƚɚɥɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɝɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɪɢ
ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɯɪɨɦɨɝɟɧɨɜ-ɦɟɥɚɧɢɧɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ, ɛɟɥɤɨɜɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ
ɱɚɝɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɥɟɤɬɢɧɵ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3000Ⱦɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɱɚɝɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ, ɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
ɩɨ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ
ɛɟɥɤɚ
ɢɡ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɯɥɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ
ɱɚɝɢ ɬɪɢɯɥɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɪɟɡɚ ɧɚ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ Sorbfil. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – ɛɨɪɧɨ-ɛɨɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɛɭɮɟɪ ɫ ɪɇ 8,6
ɢ ɛɭɮɟɪ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɇ 2,4. ɉɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɪɟɡɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɗɇȾɈɆɂɄɈɊɂɁɕ RHAPONTICUM CARTHAMOIDES ɇȺ
ȻɂɈɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɗɄȾɂɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɇȺȾɁȿɆɇɕɏ ɈɊȽȺɇȺɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə
ɇ.ɉ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ
Ʉɏ ȻɂɈ (ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ)
[email protected]
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɮɢɬɨɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ (Ɏɗɋ), ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ, ɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɚ ɧɢ ɜ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɧɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ
ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ Ɏɗɋ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɥɨɪɵ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ (ɗɋ) ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ (Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ, 2007). ɍ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ Ɏɗɋ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ.
ɐɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɇɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɚ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɗɋ-ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ
ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɵ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ
ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ Ɏɗɋ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɬɟɫɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɫ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɦ-ɯɨɡɹɢɧɨɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɤɚɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (Ɍɢɯɨɧɨɜɢɱ ɢ ɉɪɨɜɨɪɨɜ, 2003). Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɟɡɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɚɪɛɭɫɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɵ ɢ ɗɋ-ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ Ɏɗɋ – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ
ɚɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɡɚ.
288
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɧɞɨɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɵ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
(1989-2009) ɧɚɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɗɋ-ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ (R.
carthamoides, R. scariosum, S. coronata) ɜ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɝɥɨɦɭɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɝɪɢɛɚɦɢ Glomus (Glomeraceae: Glomeromycota).
ɗɧɞɨɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ.
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɵ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɦɚɫɫɟ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ 7 ɪɚɡ (ɫ 8 ɞɨ 57 %), ɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ –
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 100 ɪɚɡ (ɫ 4-6 ɞɨ 880 ɩ.ɦ.).
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɵ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ. ɂɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɦɢɤɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ (ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ), ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ (1-2
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ 3-4). ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ ɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ
ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ 7-10 (15) ɫɦ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɟɥɤɟ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɭ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ 20-25 ɫɦ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ
ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɨɣ 2-5 ɫɦ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ – 3-7 ɫɦ, ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ – 15-25 ɫɦ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɹ ɝɥɨɦɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɠɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɋɚɦɵɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ ɧɚɜɨɡɚ – ɷɧɞɨɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɚ ɜ
ɦɟɠɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɵ ɢ ɚɩɨɩɥɚɫɬɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ.
ɂɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ, ɚ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɢɮ ɜ ɢɧɨɤɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ – ɜ 2-3 ɪɚɡɚ. ȼɟɡɢɤɭɥɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɝɢɮɚɯ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɜ 8-12 ɪɚɡ. ɉɨ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɧɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 2-5 ɯ 3-7 ɦɤɦ (ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ 7-10 ɯ 15-20 ɦɤɦ).
Ɍɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɸ
ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɵ
ɞɨ 40 %. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ
ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ. 3 ɜɢɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚɜɨɡ, ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɢɥɢ) ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɯɨɠɟɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɧɚ 15-20 % (70.4-81.5 ɫɦ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 82.8-101.3 ɫɦ). ȼ ɢɸɥɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɚɡɭ ɩɥɨɞɨɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ
ɪɨɡɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɠɟɥɬɟɸɬ ɢ ɨɬɦɢɪɚɸɬ. ɋ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɠɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɜɨ 2-ɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ; ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɦɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɣ ɨɫɟɧɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ.
Ȼɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ Ɏɗɋ. ɇɚ 2-ɣ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ ɧɚɜɨɡɚ (150 ɬ/ɝɚ), ɭ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ 3-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ (v) ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɢɸɧɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ Ɏɗɋ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 0.052 %, ɱɬɨ ɜ 4.3
ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ɍ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ
– ɜ 4.2 ɪɚɡɚ (0.120 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 0.507 %). Ʌɢɲɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ 3 ɝɨɞɚ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ Ɏɗɋ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ – ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ
1.3 ɪɚɡ (0.289 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 0.368 %) Ⱦɨɡɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ – 500 ɬ/ɝɚ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ 10-11-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ (g2) ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ Ɏɗɋ ɜ
ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ – ɜ 9.4 ɪɚɡɚ (0.039 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 0.366 %).
ȼ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 25 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ, Ɏɗɋ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ( ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ 0.18 %). ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ ɜ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ (80 ɬ/ɝɚ) ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɭɬɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ Ɏɗɋ ɜ 1.2 ɪɚɡɚ – 0.19 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 0.24. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ (500 ɬ/ɝɚ
Ⱥɂ) ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ Ɏɗɋ: ɜ 2.3 ɪɚɡɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɮɚɡɵ ɨɬɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ (0.209 ɢ
0.483 %), ɜ 3.6 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ (0.132 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 0.472 %).
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɗɋ-ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ-ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɮɢɬɨɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ,
ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɤɨɪɧɟɨɛɢɬɚɟɦɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ Ɏɗɋ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 5-10 ɪɚɡ.
289
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ
ɊɎɎɂ ɢ Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (Ƚɪɚɧɬ ʋ 08-04-98840).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. 1). Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ ɇ.ɉ. Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin ɢ Serratula coronata L.
(Ɉɛɡɨɪ) // ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2007, ʋ 3. ɋ. 3-17. 2). Ɍɢɯɨɧɨɜɢɱ ɂ.Ⱥ.,
ɉɪɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɇ.Ⱥ. ɋɢɦɛɢɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ // ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɚ, 2003, Ɍ. 1. ɋ. 36-46.
ɌɈɊɆɈɀȿɇɂȿ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə RHAPONTICUM CARTHAMOIDES ɉɊɂ ȼɇȿɋȿɇɂɂ
ɅȿȽɄɈȾɈɋɌɍɉɇɕɏ ɎɈɊɆ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɈȼ ɉɂɌȺɇɂə
ɇ.ɉ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ
Ʉɏ ȻɂɈ (ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ)
[email protected]
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ɀɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɜɡɟɢ ɫɚɮɥɨɪɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ (Rhaponticum carthamoides)
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – ɮɢɬɨɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ
(Ɏɗɋ). Ɏɚɪɦɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ
ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɢ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɐɇɋ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɟɦɨɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɚɞɚɩɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
(Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 1993). ȼ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ (Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ, 2006) – ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ Ɏɗɋ ɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɫɵɪɶɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɨɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ (r = 0.78-0.81…0.92-0.99, p
= 0.99). ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ Ɏɗɋ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɐɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ȼɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ R. carthamoides ɧɚ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ (45-ɣ, 10-ɣ, 17-19-ɣ ɝɨɞɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɨɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɚɣɝɢ (62˚ɫ.ɲ.).
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ 3 ɜɢɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ: ɚ) ɧɚɜɨɡ ɫɜɟɠɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɩɢɥɤɨɜ; ɛ)
ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɜɨɡɚ ɫ ɬɨɪɮɨɦ (1:1); ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɥ (Ⱥɂ – ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɐȻɉ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ). ɍɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɩɨɥɭɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɨɧɨɦ (ɫɭɩɟɫɶ). Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ –
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ (ɧɚɜɨɡ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 150 ɬ/ɝɚ), ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ
(Ⱥɂ 500 ɬ/ɝɚ). Ɉɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ, ɱɢɫɥɭ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ȼɵɧɨɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɚ. Ɂɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɚ ɜ 1.1-1.4 ɪɚɡɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɵɧɨɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɟɥɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ, ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ – ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜ 2.0-2.7, ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ 1.4-2.3 ɪɚɡɚ. Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɤɚɥɢɹ
ɜ ɡɨɥɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɞɨ 33-38 % (ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 19 % ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ), ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɞɨ 5-8 % (ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 3 %).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ R. carthamoides
ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ.
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɪɨɡɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ
ɥɢɫɬɶɹ R. carthamoides ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ: ɧɚ 5-ɣ ɝɨɞ ɠɢɡɧɢ – 101.3 ɫɦ, 10-ɣ ɝɨɞ –
96.2 ɫɦ, 19-ɣ ɝɨɞ – 82.8 ɫɦ). ȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ 3-ɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚɜɨɡɚ,
290
ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɚ) ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 15-20 %, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɜɟɠɢɣ ɧɚɜɨɡ, ɡɚɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɭ.
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɂ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ R. carthamoides ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ – 19.5 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 22.2
ɲɬ/ɨɫɨɛɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ 3-ɣ ɝɨɞ (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ) ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ 1.9 ɪɚɡɚ –
13.8 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 25.6 ɲɬ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɛɟɝɢ – ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ 2 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɍ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɪɨɫɬ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɢɸɧɹ. ȼ
ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ Ⱥɂ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ, ɫɬɟɛɥɢ ɬɨɧɤɢɟ ɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɚ ɞɨ 8.0 ɝ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 21.6 ɝ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ. ɋɨɰɜɟɬɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ
ɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ (ɞɨɥɹ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɚ ɞɨ 66-69 % ɩɪɢ 15-31 % ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ), ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɳɭɩɥɵɟ. ɉɪɢ
ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɟ ɫ ɧɚɜɨɡɨɦ (3-ɣ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ) ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ 5-ɝɨ
ɝɨɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 6.7 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 17.5 ɲɬ/ɨɫɨɛɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ 2.5 ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ, ɚ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɛɟɝɢ ɧɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɬɨɦɚɫɫɵ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ (ɬɟɦɩɨɜ) ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɇɚɫɫɚ 1
ɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ (2.3 ɢ 2.6 ɝ), ɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢ
ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ ɜ 1.4 ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ (49.7 ɲɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 71.2). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ
ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɚ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 500 ɬ/ɝɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ 1.7 ɪɚɡɚ
– 111.5 ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 188.3-193.8 ɝ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ R. carthamoides, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɨɫɶ.
Ɉɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɢ, ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3-ɯ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ
ɊɎɎɂ ɢ Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (Ƚɪɚɧɬ ʋ 08-04-98840).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. 1). Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɋɋɋɊ: ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɍ. 7. ɋɟɦ. Asteraceae. – ɋɉɛ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1993. – ɋ. 161-163. 2).
Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ ɇ.ɉ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɬɨɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ
ɚɝɪɨɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɯ Rhaponticum carthamoides ɢ Serratula coronata (Asteraceae) ɧɚ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɟ // Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 2006. Ɍ. 42; ȼɵɩ. 2. – ɋ. 17-36.
ɌȿɊɉȿɇɂɅɌɊɂɎɌɈɊȺɐȿɌȺɌɕ: ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂ ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
ɘ.Ƚ. Ɍɪɢɲɢɧ, Ɇ.ȼ. ɒɚɮɟɟɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ɍɚɦɦ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. əɡɜɟɧɤɨ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɪɬɟɦɟɧɤɨ, Ʌ.ȼ. Ɇɚɬɟɜɨɫɹɧ,
Ƚ.Ƚ. ɑɟɪɧɹɜɫɤɢɣ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ
[email protected]
Ɍɟɪɩɟɧɢɥɚɰɢɥɚɬɵ R1C(O)OR2, ɝɞɟ R2 – ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɭɲɢɫɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ
ɩɟɪɮɬɨɪɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɚɰɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ, ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɦɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɥɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɥɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ: ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɵɦ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɤ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ-ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ.
291
ROH
+
C C
[CF3C(O)]2O
ROC(O)CF3
H
+ CF3C(O)OH
+ CF3C(O)OH
C C
OC(O)CF3
ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ
ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɰɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɧɬɨɥɚ, ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɟɧɨɥɚ, Į-ɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɨɥɚ, ɬɟɪɩɢɧɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ ɢ
ɛɟɬɭɥɢɧɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɛɢɫɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɵ,
ɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɢɧɚɧ-2-ɨɥɚ ɫ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɵɦ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɤ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɚɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ. Ɍɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɯɟɦɨ- ɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ. Ʌɢɦɨɧɟɧ
ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ
ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ Įɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɢɫɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɬɟɪɩɢɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ Į- ɢ ȕ-ɩɢɧɟɧɚɦɢ, Į- ɢ Ȗ-ɬɟɪɩɢɧɟɧɚɦɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ
ɤɚɪɛɟɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɨɧɚ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɥɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ,
ɜ
ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɥɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɜ. Ɉɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɥɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ ɦɟɧɬɢɥ- ɢ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɚɰɟɬɚɬɵ.
ɉɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɫɟɤɬɢɰɢɞɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɕ ȼɕɋɒɂɏ ȽɊɂȻɈȼ (ɇȺ
ɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ GANODERMA LUCIDUM)
Ⱥ.ɂ. ɍɫɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.Ⱦ.Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɢɛɨɜ, ɬɪɭɬɨɜɢɤ Ganoderma
lucidum, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ [1]. ɋ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɟ, Ʉɨɪɟɟ ɢ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɱɭɞɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ G.
lucidum, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ [2] ɢ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚɦɢ [3]. ɍɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ
ɝɪɢɛɚ ɨɬ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ. ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɟ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ.
ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ G. lucidum,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ. ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ Į-ɝɥɸɤɚɧɵ,
ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ȕ-ɝɥɸɤɚɧɵ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɩɨɥɢɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ,
ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɤɫɢɥɨɝɥɸɤɚɧ, ɝɥɸɤɭɪɨɧɨɝɥɸɤɚɧ, ɤɫɢɥɨɦɚɧɧɚɧ, ɮɭɤɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɝɥɢɤɨɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɧɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ D-L-ɮɭɤɨɡɵ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɜ
ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ,
ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
292
ɇɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɹ ɝɪɢɛɚ ɢ
ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ [4]. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɫɢɥɨɦɚɧɧɚɧ ɢ
ɮɭɤɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
1. R.R.M.Paterson. Phytochemistry, 67 (2006) 1985-2001.
2. R.Chyr, M.S.Shiao. J. Chromatogr. 542 (1991) 327-336.
3. M.Zhang, S.W.Cui, P.C.K.Cheung. Q.Wang, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 18 (2007) 4-19.
4. M.C.ȿɜɫɟɧɤɨ, A.C.ɒɚɲɤɨɜ, A.ȼ.Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ɇ.Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ, Ⱥ.ɂ.ɍɫɨɜ.
Ȼɢɨɯɢɦɢɹ, 74 (2009) 657-667.
ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɕ ɌɂɏɈɈɄȿȺɇɋɄɈɃ ȻɍɊɈɃ ȼɈȾɈɊɈɋɅɂ ALARIA
MARGINATA
Ⱥ.ɂ. ɍɫɨɜ, Ɇ.ɂ. Ȼɢɥɚɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇ.Ⱦ.Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [1] ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɥɥɨɦɚ ɛɭɪɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ
Alaria marginata, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ (ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɚ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɠɢɥɤɚ,
ɫɩɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɵ, ɱɟɪɟɲɨɤ ɢ ɪɢɡɨɢɞɵ), ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɚɯ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ,
ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɭɤɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ Alaria marginata, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ
ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɒɢɤɨɬɚɧ (Ʉɭɪɢɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ).
Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɵ
ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɬɚɥɥɨɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɚɧɚ, ɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɜ
ɧɢɯ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɵ. ɋɩɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɵ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ 2% ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɋaCl2, ɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɬɚɜɥɨɧɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɚɧ ɢ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ 8% ɢ 12.7% ɨɬ
ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɛɟɡɠɢɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ʌɚɦɢɧɚɪɚɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ
(1o3)-ȕ-ɝɥɸɤɚɧɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ 13ɋ-əɆɊ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ 40, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ 2/3 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɧɟɫɭɬ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɦɚɧɧɢɬɚ ɧɚ «ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɦ» ɤɨɧɰɟ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɮɭɤɨɡɚ
(31%), ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɚ (19%) ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ (30%).ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɚ ȾɗȺɗ-ɫɟɮɚɰɟɥɟ ɢɡ
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɮɭɤɨɡɭ,
ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɭ ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:2:5. ɋɨɥɶɜɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ
ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɮɭɤɨɡɭ ɢ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɭ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 2:7. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ
ɢɡ (1o3)-ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɮɭɤɨɡɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 4 ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɹɬɨɝɨ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ 1o3, 1o4 ɢ 1o6 ɜ
ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ, ɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ 6-ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦ
ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɡɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ 4, 2 ɢɥɢ 3. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧ ɢɡ Alaria marginata
ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɨɮɭɤɚɧ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ Undaria
pinnatifida [2], ɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ.
[1] Ⱥ.ɂ.ɍɫɨɜ, Ƚ.ɉ.ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, ɇ.Ƚ.Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜɚ, Ȼɢɨɨɪɝɚɧ.ɯɢɦɢɹ, 27 (2001) 444.
[2] J.A.Hemmingson, R.Falshaw, R.H.Furneaux, K.Thompson, J.Appl.Phycol., 18 (2006) 185.
293
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɊȿȺɄɐɂɂ ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɂə ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾȺ ȺɇȺȻȺɁɂɇ ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ
ɆɂɄɊɈȼɈɅɇɈȼɈȽɈ ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ɋ.Ⱦ. Ɏɚɡɵɥɨɜ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɇɭɪɤɟɧɨɜ, Ɂ.Ɇ. Ɇɭɥɞɚɯɦɟɬɨɜ, Ƚ.Ɍ. ɏɚɦɡɢɧɚ
ɌɈɈ "ɂɈɋɍ ɊɄ"
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɚ. ȼ 1931 ɝɨɞɭ Ɉɪɟɯɨɜ ɢ Ɇɟɧɶɲɢɤɨɜ [1] ɨɤɢɫɥɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧ (1) ɫ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɟɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɦ ɤɚɥɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ (2).
COOH
N
KMnO4
H
N
N
(1)
(2)
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜ [2] ɨɤɢɫɥɹɥ
ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ (ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɥɟɧ, ɪɬɭɬɶ, ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɜɢɫɦɭɬ, ɨɫɦɢɟɜɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɩɹɬɢɨɤɢɫɶ ɜɚɧɚɞɢɹ). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɫɟɥɟɧ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ 77,5%.
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɚ ɞɨ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɭ-Nɨɤɢɫɢ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɚ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸ
ɩɢɩɟɪɢɞɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ - Ɋɭ-N-ɨɤɢɫɢ į-ɨɤɫɢɦɢɧɨ-į-(ɩɢɪɢɞɢɥ-3)
ɜɚɥɟɪɢɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (3):
COOH
30% H2O2
CH3COOH
N
H
MB
N
N
(2)
C CH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
30% H2O2
CH3COOH
MB
N
N
(1)
OH
(3)
O
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɫ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 70 ȼɬ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫ
ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 65%, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɦ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɚ.
ȼɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ (3) ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ
ɞɢɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɢɥɦɟɬɚɧɚ (4) 30% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɣ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 70 ȼɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30 ɦɢɧ.
C CH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
30% H2O2
N
CH2 N
N
(4)
N
CH3COOH
MB
N
O
294
N
OH
(3)
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɢɥɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɛɚɡɢɧɚ Ɋɭ-N-ɨɤɢɫɶ įɨɤɫɢɦɢɧɨ-į-(ɩɢɪɢɞɢɥ-3) ɜɚɥɟɪɢɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (17) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
70 ȼɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 20-30 ɦɢɧɭɬ.
1. Ɉɪɟɯɨɜ Ⱥ.ɉ., Ɇɟɧɶɲɢɤɨɜ Ƚ.ɉ. // Ȼɸɥɥ. ɇɂɏɎɂ.-1931.-ʋ1.-ɋ.12.
2. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜ ȼ.ȼ. // ɀɭɪɧ. Ɉɛɳɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ.-1947.-Ɍ.17.-ɋ.482.
ȺɅɄɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɎȿɇɈɄɋɂȾȺ ȺɅɘɆɂɇɂə ȻɂɐɂɄɅɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ
ɌȿɊɉȿɇȺɆɂ
ɂ.ȼ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɦɨɜɚ, ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɵ, ɜ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɨɪɬɨ- ɢ ɩɚɪɚ-ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɪɬɨ-ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɥɤɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɫ
95-100%-ɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɋ-ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 60-93 % [1-2]. ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɤɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢ
ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɪɬɨ-ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɵ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 85% ɢ
ɜɵɲɟ [3].
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɛɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɚɦɢ (ȕ-ɩɢɧɟɧ, ɤɚɦɮɟɧ).
OH
(PhO)3Al + R
O
R1
R2
+
O
+
R2
R =
;
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɹɬɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɨɦ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɋ-ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (95%). Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȕ-ɩɢɧɟɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ Ɉɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɯɪɨɦɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (37%) ɢ ɩɚɪɚ-ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɚ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ (PhO)3Al.
1. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ ɂ.ɘ., Ɍɢɦɭɲɟɜɚ ɂ.ȼ., Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ʉɭɱɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. / ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ ʋ
2341511. Ȼɸɥɥ. ʋ35 ɨɬ 20.12.2008.
2. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ ɂ.ɘ., Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ɍɢɦɭɲɟɜɚ ɂ.ȼ., Ʉɭɱɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. // ɂɡɜ. ȼɍɁɨɜ. ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ. 2009. ȼɵɩ. 1. ɋ. 27-33.
3. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ ɂ.ɘ., Ʉɭɱɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. // Ɋɨɫɫ. ɯɢɦ. ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. 2004. Ɍ. XLVIII. ʋ3. ɋ. 21-37.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ (ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ ʋ18 «Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ»).
295
ɋȺɉɈɇɂɇɕ SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS L.: ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ɂ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ
Ƚ.Ɇ. Ɏɪɨɥɨɜɚ1, Ɍ.ɉ. ɘɞɢɧɚ2, ȿ.ɂ. ɑɟɪɟɜɚɱ2, ɘ.ȼ. Ȼɚɛɢɧ2
1 - Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɵ – ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɵ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɦɭɥɶɝɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ Saponaria ɨfficinalis (65-70% ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ) ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɭɥɶɝɚɬɨɪɚ. ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɉȺȼ ɧɚ
ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɹɡɤɨ-ɭɩɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɦɟɠɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɜɨɞɚ/ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɦɢɰɟɥɥ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ S. ɨfficinalis - ɛɢɞɟɫɦɨɡɢɞɨɜ ɤɜɢɥɚɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (1832 ɢ 1863 Ⱦɚ). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɦɵɟ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ quillaja ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ ɤɨɪɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ Quillaja saponaria, ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɷɦɭɥɶɝɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ, ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɢ ɫɨɥɸɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ
ɤɨɪɧɟɣ S. ɨfficinalis.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ S. ɨfficinalis ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɧɢɡɤɨɤɚɥɨɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ:
ɩɚɫɬ, ɦɚɣɨɧɟɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɭɫɨɜ, ɞɪɟɫɫɢɧɝɨɜ, ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɟɦɨɜ, ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȽɈɋɌ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. ɉɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɭɡɨɪɢɢ Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (2 ɝɨɞɚ), ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ (10 ɬ./ɝɚ.),
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɞɨ 35% ɫɚɩɨɧɢɧɨɜ, ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ S.
ɨfficinalis ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɉȺȼ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɚɧɢɮɭɧɝɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɭɸ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ).
ȺȽɅɂɄɈɇ ȽɅɂɄɈɁɂȾɈȼ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI
ȾɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾ ɋɌȿȼɂɈɅ ɂ ȿȽɈ ɋɂɇɌȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ
Ɋ.ɇ. ɏɚɣɛɭɥɥɢɧ, ɂ.ɘ. ɋɬɪɨɛɵɤɢɧɚ, ȼ.ȿ. Ʉɚɬɚɟɜ
ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ.Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ
Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ
S.rebaudiana (1) – ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞ ɫɬɟɜɢɨɥ (2) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɫɨɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɰ ȼ ɢ ɋ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɬɪɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɨɜ (ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɨɣ
296
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ȼɚɝɧɟɪɚ-Ɇɟɟɪɜɟɣɧɚ ɢɯ ɚɝɥɢɤɨɧɚ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ), ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤ 16(S)ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɭ (3), ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚ ɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɞɜɭɦɹ ɷɧɬ-ɤɚɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɚɦɢ ɚɥɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (4) ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (5)
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɚɧɨɮɭɥɥɟɪɟɧ (6), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɚɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (7).
HO
O
OH
HO
CH2OH
O
OH
OH
OH
H
CH2 OH
O
OH
OH
(1)
O
O
O
(8)
()n O
O
O
O
CO2H
O
(2)
OH
H
H
O
O
O
(CH2 ) 8
O
H
O
O
O
O
O
O
O O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
(5)
O
(6)
H
H
H
O
O
O
O
O
(10)
O
O
OH
OH
+
O
H
O
O
O
OH
(9)
O
O
OH
CO2H
CO2H
O
(CH2)8
CH2 OH
O
OH
O
O
O
(CH2 ) 8
CH2
C=O
H
O
HO
O
CO2H
n
O
OH
O
(4)
(3)
O
O
O
O
( )
O
O
O O
O
(CH2 ) 8
H
O
O
O
O
H
(7)
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ (8), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɩɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɫɬɟɜɢɨɥɚ (9) ɢ ɟɝɨ 15-ɟɧ
ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚ (10), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɬ-ɤɚɭɪɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɧɬ-ɛɟɣɟɪɚɧɨɜɭɸ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɭɸ
ɢ
ɚɧɬɢɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɫɨɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɰ ȼ ɢ ɋ ɜ
ɬɟɪɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɨɦ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɟ.
ɆɈȾɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ȽɂȾɊɈɅɂɁɇɈȽɈ ɅɂȽɇɂɇȺ
Ʉ.ɋ. ɏɢɬɪɢɧ1, ɋ.Ʌ. Ɏɭɤɫ2, ɋ.ȼ. ɏɢɬɪɢɧ2, ɘ.Ɋ. ɇɢɫɚɧɛɚɟɜɚ2, Ⱦ.ɋ. Ɇɟɬɟɥɟɜɚ2,
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɚɥɵɤɢɧ2
1 - ɋɌɂ-Ɇɟɞ-ɋɨɪɛ, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ȼɹɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɢɪɨɜ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟɞɨɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ȼɫɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɯ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ
Ʉɢɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɯɥɨɪɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɯɥɨɪɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɬɪɢɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɢɬɚ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɚɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɚɪɢɥɚɦɢɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɦɟɬɢɥɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ,
ɥɢɝɧɨɮɨɫɮɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɚɦɢɞɨɮɨɫɮɢɬɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ
ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɥɢɝɧɨɮɨɫɮɢɬɵ ɢ
ɥɢɝɧɨɚɦɢɞɨɮɨɫɮɢɬɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ [1,2]. Ɉɧɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɥɚɫɬɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɨɜ. Ɏɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
297
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɚɦɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚɯ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɥɭɱɲɟɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɢɧ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɜɵɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɢɪɭ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɝɧɨɮɨɫɮɢɬɨɜ, ɚ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɚɦɢɞɨɮɨɫɮɢɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɨɩɪɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɚɪɢɥɚɦɢɧɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɡɦɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɦɢɧɧɵɯ, ɮɨɫɮɢɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɥɢɝɧɢɧɨɜ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɥɹ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ [3], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ,
ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
1. Ⱥɥɚɥɵɤɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɢɫɫ. Ʉɚɧɞ.ɯɢɦ. ɧɚɭɤ. Ɇ. ɊɏɌɍ. 2002.112 ɫ.
2. ɏɢɬɪɢɧ Ʉ.ɋ. Ⱦɢɫɫ. Ʉɚɧɞ.ɯɢɦ. ɧɚɭɤ. Ɇ. ɊɏɌɍ. 2007.130 ɫ.
3. Ɇɭɤɦɟɧɟɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ. ɢ ɞɪ. //ȼɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥ.ɫɨɟɞ.Ⱥ.1997.Ɍ.39. ʋ 6.ɋ.956.
ɋɇɂɀȿɇɂȿ ɉɊɈɇɂɐȺȿɆɈɋɌɂ ɄɂɒȿɑɇɈɃ ɋɌȿɇɄɂ ɉȿɄɌɂɇȻȿɅɄɈȼɕɆɂ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺɆɂ
Ⱦ.ɋ. ɏɪɚɦɨɜɚ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧ ɪɹɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ Lemna minor L. ɢ ɰɢɬɪɭɫɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɤɬɢɧ (MP Biomedicals,
Inc., ɋɒȺ) ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɝɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ
(Popov et al., 2006; Khramova et al., 2009). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ, ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ,
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɦɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɭ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɝɚɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧ-ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ (ɉȻɄ), ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
(ɛɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɰɚ Capsicum annuum L.; ɤɚɩɭɫɬɵ Brassica oleracea L. ɢ ɪɟɞɶɤɢ Raphanus
sativus L.) ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɪɇ 1.2-1.9) ɩɪɢ 37°ɋ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɩɟɩɫɢɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɝɨ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉȻɄ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɝɟɧɚ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ in vivo. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɚɦ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɛɟɥɤɚ
ɤɭɪɢɧɨɝɨ ɹɣɰɚ – ɨɜɚɥɶɛɭɦɢɧɚ (OVA) (ɞɨɡɚ 1000 ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɢ ɉȻɄ (ɞɨɡɚ 50 ɦɝ/ɤɝ). ɑɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɢ
ɱɚɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ OVA ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɧɬɢ-OVAɚɧɬɢɬɟɥɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɉȻɄ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɰɚ, ɤɚɩɭɫɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɞɶɤɢ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ
ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ OVA ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɦɵɲɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢ
ɛɟɥɨɤ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɉȻɄ, ɜ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɦɵɲɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɲɢɯ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɟɥɨɤ (0.40±0.15*;
0.36±0.12* ɢ 0.26±0.08* ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ ɞɥɹ ɉȻɄ ɢɡ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɰɚ, ɤɚɩɭɫɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɞɶɤɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ vs 1.20±0.35 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɵɲɟɣ; n=8; * - Ɋ<0.05).
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ OVA ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɦɵɲɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɲɢɯ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɉȻɄ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɟɩɫɢɧɚ, ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (1.06±0.31; 1,16±0.39 ɢ
0.77±0.23 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ ɞɥɹ ɉȻɄ ɢɡ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɰɚ, ɤɚɩɭɫɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɞɶɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ vs
1.20±0.35 ɦɤɝ/ɦɥ; n=8).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɉȻɄ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɝɚɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ
ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɝɟɧɚ. ɉɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ OVA ɧɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫ ɉȻɄ, ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɟɩɫɢɧɚ.
298
ɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɎȿɇɈɅɕ: ɋɂɇɌȿɁ, ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ,
ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ
ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. Ȼɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɦɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ, ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɰɢɤɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ
ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɧɨɜɚɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɫ ɛɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɚɦɢ ɢ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɚɦɢ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ
ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɮɬɨɥɨɜ ɤɚɦɮɟɧɨɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɥɤɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫ
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɦɢɞɨɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɢ ɚɬɨɦɚ
ɛɪɨɦɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɦɢ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɰɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝɚ ɫ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɵ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɦɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ (ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ ʋ18 «Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ»).
ɗɄɈɅɈȽɈȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇȺə ɗɇȿɊȽɈ- ɂ ɊȿɋɍɊɋɈɋȻȿɊȿȽȺɘɓȺə ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə
ɉȿɊȿɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɋȿɆəɇ ɄȿȾɊɈȼɕɏ ɋɈɋȿɇ
ȼ.Ƚ. ɒɢɪɟɬɨɪɨɜɚ
Ȼɚɣɤɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ Pinus Sibirica du
Tour ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ Pinus Koraiensis – ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɟɯɢ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ 60% ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɦɢɪɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
80 % ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɨɪɟɯɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɹɞɪɨ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɞɨ 70% ɠɢɪɚ), ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ – ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɚ ɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ,
ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɹɞɪɨ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 52-59 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɪɟɯɚ, ɚ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ –
ɞɨ 2 %. Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɤɟɞɪɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɵɦ
299
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ, ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ
ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɋȼɑ-ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɞɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ
[ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ ʋ2194070 ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ / ɏɚɧɬɭɪɝɚɟɜ Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɢ ɞɪ. - Ȼ.ɂ
ʋ15 ɨɬ 10.12.02, ɉɚɬɟɧɬ ɊɎ ʋ 2351641 ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ
ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ / Ɂɚɥɭɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ., Ȼ.ɂ. ʋ10 ɨɬ 10.04.2009].
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɗɆɉ ɋȼɑ), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
ɫ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɨɣ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɨɣ ɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ (ʋ ɆɄ-6392009.4)
ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌɈȼ ɂɁ ɋɄɈɊɅɍɉɕ ɋȿɆəɇ ɋɈɋɇɕ ɋɂȻɂɊɋɄɈɃ
ȼ.Ƚ. ɒɢɪɟɬɨɪɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɂɚɥɭɰɤɢɣ2, Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɏɚɧɬɭɪɝɚɟɜ2, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɒɢɪɟɬɨɪɨɜ2
1 - Ȼɚɣɤɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɞɨ 19 % ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ. Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ ɤɟɞɪɚ ɜ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 18,7 ɦɥɧ. ɝɚ. ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɡɚɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦɥɧ. ɬɨɧɧ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ, ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 51-59% ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ. ɋɤɨɪɥɭɩɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɬɚɧɧɢɞɨɜ), ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɣ.
ȼ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɟ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ 10-12% ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɞɭɛɹɳɢɦɢ, ɤɪɚɫɹɳɢɦɢ, ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɡɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ 91,73% ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɚ
69,06%. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ 0,92%, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ,
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɤɪɚɫɹɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɭ
ɤɟɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɟɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨ-ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ
ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɢ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ: ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋȼɑ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ:ɫɵɪɶɟ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ: ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ – 56%, ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
300
28,01%, ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɧɧɢɞɵ – 11,97%. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜ ɬɚɧɧɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɟɯɨɜ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ (ʋ ɆɄ-639-2009.4)
ɄɂɋɅɈɌɕ ɗɄɋɌɊȺɄɌȺ ɆɈɀɀȿȼȿɅɖɇɂɄȺ ɄȺɁȺɐɄɈȽɈ
JUNIPERUS SABINA L
ɗ.ɇ. ɒɦɢɞɬ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɍɤɚɱɟɜ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪcɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɠɟɜɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ ɦɨɠɠɟɜɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ:
ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɵ, ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ, ɥɢɝɧɚɧɵ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɵ
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɦɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɠɟɜɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ɤɚɡɚɰɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɟɤɫɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɯɜɨɢ (ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ) ɢ ɹɝɨɞ ɦɨɠɠɟɜɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ.
Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɚ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɯɜɨɢ ɢ ɹɝɨɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ. Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɯɜɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɠɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɋ16- ɋ18 (ɨɤɨɥɨ 7%),
ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɦɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ (ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɚɹ, ɥɟɜɨɩɢɦɚɪɨɜɚɹ, ɧɟɨɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɚɹ (13% ɜ
ɫɭɦɦɟ) ɢ 4-ɷɩɢɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ (46%), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ
(23%,1).ɋɪɟɞɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɥɢɝɧɚɧɵ ɬɟɬɪɚɥɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ: ɞɟɨɤɫɢɩɨɞɨɮɢɥɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɧ (5%,11) ɢ ɩɟɥɬɚɬɢɧ (2; 2%,111).
ȼ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɹɝɨɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ (ɋ22, ɋ34,ɋ36,ɋ38;
ɨɤɨɥɨ 1%), ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɨɜɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫ- (38%) ɢ ɰɢɫ-(15%), ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɟ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ- ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɚɹ, ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ –ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɨɤɨɥɨ 7%. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɚɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 3% ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ
ɞɟɨɤɫɢɩɨɞɨɮɢɥɥɨɬɨɤɫɢɧɚ.
O
O
O
O
IIa
COOH
11
H3CO
OH
OCH3
OCH3
CIS-15,5%
TRANS-38.8%
H
O
O
I
O
O
III
H3CO
OCH3
OH
301
ɊȿȽɍɅəɐɂə ɊɈɋɌȺ ɂ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɉȿɄɌɂɇɈȼɕɆɂ
ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾȺɆɂ
Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɛɚɤɨɜ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ
ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɉɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɢ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ ɜ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɦɢ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɢ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ, ɧɨ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɹɧ, ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ, ɪɨɫɬ
ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɛɟɝɨɜ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ: ɥɟɦɧɚɧ
ɢɡ ɪɹɫɤɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ Lemna minor L. ɢ ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧ ɢɡ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɫɦɨɥɟɜɤɢ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ
Silene vulgaris (M.) G. [Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn]. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɹɛɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɤɬɢɧ
(ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ) ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ ɢ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ.
ɍɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɦɚɬɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɚɦɢ: ɥɟɦɧɚɧɨɦ,
ɩɨɬɚɦɨɝɟɬɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧɨɦ, - ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɝɭɪɰɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɦɧɚɧɨɦ ɢ
ɫɢɥɟɧɚɧɨɦ, ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ
ɞɜɭɞɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɤɫɢɥɚɧɵ ɢ ɤɫɢɥɨɝɥɸɤɚɧɵ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɩɪɨɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɤɫɢɥɚɧɵ, ɝɥɸɤɚɧɵ ɢ ɝɥɢɤɭɪɨɧɨɝɥɢɤɚɧɵ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɩɪɨɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɤɬɢɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɶ,
ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɹɧ, ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ
ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɋȿɆɂɑɅȿɇɇɕɏ ɅȺɄɌɈɇɈȼ ɂɁ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ
ɆɈɇɈɌȿɊɉȿɇɈɂȾɈȼ ɂ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌȿɃ ɂɏ
ȼɈɋɋɌȺɇɈȼɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɉɊȿȼɊȺɓȿɇɂɃ
Ɇ.ɉ. əɤɨɜɥɟɜɚ1, ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɵɞɪɢɧɚ1, ɗ.Ɏ. ȼɚɥɟɟɜɚ1, Ƚ.ɘ. ɂɲɦɭɪɚɬɨɜ1, Ɋ.Ɋ. Ɇɭɫɥɭɯɨɜ1,
Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɇ. ȼɨɪɨɠɰɨɜɚ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ Ʉɚɪɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɟɦɢɱɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɛɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɜɨɦɟɧɬɨɥɚɤɬɨɧɚ ɢ Įɤɚɦɮɨɥɢɞɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɉ-ɚɥɤɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɢɱɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɥɨɜ ɩɨ
ɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
302
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɋH2=PPh3 ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɟɦɢɱɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɚɬɨɜ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɨɥɨɜ ɚɝɟɧɬ.
ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɬɨɥɚɤɬɨɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɧɬɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɨɦɨɧɚ ɪɵɠɟɝɨ
ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɢɥɢɥɶɳɢɤɚ.
DECARBOXYLATION OF FATTY ACIDS DERIVED FROM VEGETABLE OILS
INTO FUEL HYDROCARBONS
A.S. Berenblyum, T.A. Podoplelova, R.S. Shamsiev, E.A. Katsman
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology
[email protected]
Obtaining motor fuels from inedible vegetable oils appears to be important scientific and
practical problem. The key stage of such a process is decarboxylation of fatty acids obtained
from these oils.
We synthesized and studied different catalysts based on Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, and other metals
supported by different oxide carriers including solid acids. We obtained palladium catalyst
samples, which at temperatures of 300-350°C provide decarboxylation of stearic acid into
paraffins with close to 100 % conversion and selectivity.
Almost no references can be found on fatty acids decarboxylation mechanism. Recently we
supposed [1] it proceeds through formation of corresponding olefin and formic acid
R – CH2 – CH2 – COOH o R – CH = CH2 + HCOOH
Formed formic acid decomposes at reaction temperatures in presence of catalysts into ɋO2 and
H2. Hydrogen converts olefin into corresponding paraffin:
HCOOH o CO2 + H2
R – CH = CH2 + H2 o R – CH2 – CH3
Next observations say in favor of this supposition. We discovered in liquid reaction products at
certain conditions small quantities of formic acid (PMR data), heptadecene, and H2 in gas phase
(GC data).
A DFT study of propionic acid decarboxylation by palladium catalysts was performed. As
quantum-chemical calculations shows the reaction can proceed through intermediate formic acid
and olefin formation (path 1) or straightforward with the formation of ɋɈ2 and alkane (path 2).
In both cases the limiting step appears to be R–ɋOOH bond dissociation in the palladium
coordinated acid. Activation energies amount to 15.4 and 18.0 kcal per mol for paths (1) and (2)
accordingly. The path (1) involving the formation of formic acid and olefin is kinetically more
preferable. Thus this conclusion is in a good conformity with above said experimental data.
References
1. A.S. Berenblyum, V.Ya. Danushevsky, E.A. Katsman, V.R. Flid. Obtaining motor fuels based
on inedible vegetable oils. Abstracts of III Russian conference “Actual problems of
petrochemistry”, Part 2, Zvenigorod-, 2009, p. 110.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF LACTIDE FROM BUTIL LACTCTE
D.S. Khlopov, V.F. Shvets, R.A. Kozlovskiy, Y.P. Suchkov
D.I.Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Lactide - is a monomer, that can be polymerized into polymeric materials. Polymers made from
the polymerization of lactide are particularly useful because they can be bio-degraded over time
303
under most environmental conditions into carbon dioxide and water. In the future such
compounds can solve the problem of polymeric wastes.
In literature there are a lot of works devoted to synthesis of L-lactide from L-lactic acid. In the
current report we present results on investigation of L-lactide synthesis from butyl lactate which
can be prepared from ammonium lactate obtained by fermentation of biomass.
The process of the conversion of a butyl ester of lactic acid to lactide comprise two stage of:
- the condensation of molecules of the butil ester of lactic acid to form molecules of polylactic
acid, having an average molecular weight of between about 100 and about 5,000.
The oligomerization is carried out at continuous feeding of inert gas for 8-10 hours at
atmospheric pressure. Suitable temperatures for the oligomerization range from about
200.degree. to 220.degree. C. In these conditions the pot material of this stage (butil ester
oligomers) contains 30-45% of unreacted butil ester.
- the depolymerization of polylactic acid molecules to form lactide molecules.
The depolymerization is carried out in a vacuum for 6-7 hours in the presence of catalyst.
Suitable temperatures for this depolymerization range from about 225.degree. to 240.degree. C.
The vacuum under which this step is carried out ranges from about 1 to 25 torr. The product
contains 3-4% ,butil lactate, 8-9% linear oligomers, 77-78% L-lactide and 9% meso-lactide.
Suitable catalysts for both stages are any compounds of metals of Groups IV, V or VIII of the
Periodic Table which contains some acid functionality (provides a proton source) or Lewis acid
functionality (provides positive charge density). The quantity of the catalyst is 1.0-3.0%wt
(counting on metal), the most active are the organic tin compounds, such as tin (II) octoate.
304
ɋɂɆɉɈɁɂɍɆ ɇȿɄɈɆɆȿɊɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɉȺɊɌɇȿɊɋɌȼȺ
ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌɈȼ ɊȺɇ «ɈɊɏɂɆȿȾ»: «ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ
ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɂ ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ
ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ»
ɉɊȿɁȿɇɌȺɐɂə ɉɈɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɈȼ, ɉɈɁȼɈɅəɘɓɂɏ
ɉɊɈɋɅȿȾɂɌɖ ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈȽɈ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺ ɇȺ
ɉȿɊȼɕȿ Ɇɂɒȿɇɂ ȼ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁɆȿ ɀɂȼɈɌɇɕɏ
Ɉ.Ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ1, ɘ.Ⱥ. Ʉɢɦ2, ȿ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɥɶ1, ȼ.ɂ. Ȼɢɧɸɤɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɪɟɦɟɧɰɨɜɚ1,
ȼ.ɇ. ȿɪɨɯɢɧ1, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɪɢɜɚɧɞɢɧ1, Ɉ.ȼ. ɒɚɬɚɥɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ƚɨɥɨɳɚɩɨɜ1,
ȿ.Ȼ. Ȼɭɪɥɚɤɨɜɚ1, ɋ.Ƚ. Ɏɚɬɬɚɯɨɜ3
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ɇ. ɗɦɦɚɧɭɷɥɹ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɊȺɇ, ɉɭɳɢɧɨ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ. ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ,
Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ: ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɜɟɪɰɢɬɢɧɚ, ɤɜɟɪɰɢɬɢɧɚ,
ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ – Ɇɟɥɚɮɟɧɚ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ (10-21 ̛ 10-3 Ɇ). Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɦɢɲɟɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ: ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɟ, ɛɟɥɨɤ-ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɟɧɵ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ
ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɨɫɶ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɦɢɤɪɨɞɨɦɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɥɚɦɦɟɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɝɢɝɚɧɬɫɤɢɯ
ɥɢɩɨɫɨɦɚɯ ɢɡ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɚ ɢ ɛɟɥɨɤ-ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɟɧɚɯ ɜ ɬɟɧɹɯ
ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɜɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɍɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɫɥɨɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ – ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɢɧ
(ȻɋȺ) ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɢ
ȻɋȺ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɨɧɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜ. ɉɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɦɭ
ɫɜɟɬɨɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɋɚ2+-Ʉ+ ɢ -ɋl--ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ
ɚɫɰɢɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɰɢɧɨɦɵ ɗɪɥɢɯɚ (ȺɄɗ), ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɛɥɨɬɬɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɩɪɨ- ɢ ɚɧɬɢ- ɚɩɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɩɨɩɬɨɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ȺɄɗ ɜ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɟɥɚɮɟɧɚ. ɂ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɥɢɞɧɨɣ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɢ Ʌɶɸɢɫ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɥɹ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
305
ɇȿɃɌɊȺɅɖɇɕȿ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺ ɂ ɉɊɈȺɇɌɈɐɂȺɇɂȾɂɇɕ ALHAGI
PSEUDALHAGI
Ⱦ.Ɏ. Ⱥɥɢɦɨɜɚ, Ɋ.Ɂ. Ʉɭɥɢɟɜ, ɋ.Ɂ. ɇɢɲɚɧɛɚɟɜ, ɇ.Ɇ. Ɇɚɦɚɬɤɭɥɨɜɚ, ɇ.Ʉ. ɏɢɞɵɪɨɜɚ,
Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ȼɞɨɜɢɧ, ɇ.Ⱦ. Ⱥɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜ, ɏ.Ɇ. ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɋ. ɘ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Alhagi
pseudalhagi ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹ.ɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɟɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ,
ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɭɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ [1].
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɢɡ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Alhagi pseudalhagi (ɜɟɪɛɥɸɠɶɹ ɤɨɥɸɱɤɚ, ɹɧɬɚɤ)
ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ 12 ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ [2], ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɛɵɥɢ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚɦɢ, ɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ- ɞɢɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɚɦɢ [3 ].
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɥɢɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢ-ɞɢɧɝɥɸɤɨɡɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ
ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Alhagi pseudalhagi.
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Alhagi pseudalhagi, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɬɨɧɤɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ
(ȼɗɌɋɏ),
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ
ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɢɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ, ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ, ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɢ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ (ɍɎ, ɂɄ ɢ 13ɋ
əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ
ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɜ:
7ɈȕDGlcp6
Galloyl()ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɦɢ
(4D8)(+)ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ(4Į8)()ɷɩɢɝɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚ,
ɚɥɯɚɰɢɧɨɦ
ɢ
7ɈȕDGlcp-
6
Galloyl(+)ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ[(4D8)(+)ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧ]3(4D8)()ɷɩɢɝɚɥɥɨɤɚ-ɬɟɯɢɧɝɚɥɥɚɬɚ
(ɚɥɯɚɰɢɞɢɧɚ).
Ȼɭɞɭɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Alhagi pseudalhagi .
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ƚ. Ȼɭɪɧɚɲɟɜɚ, Ɇ.Ɇ. Ɇɭɯɚɦɟɞɹɪɨɜɚ, Ɍ.Ʉ.ɑɭɦɛɚɥɨɜ ɏɢɦɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ. cɨɟɞɢɧ., 1975, 254.
2. D.F. Alimova, Z.A. Kuliev. Phenolic compounds of Alhagi pseudalhagi. 1st International
Symposium on Biomolecules and Related Compounds Chemistry, Biology and Applications.
Montpellier, France, 2005, p.59
3. Ⱦ.Ɏ. Ⱥɥɢɦɨɜɚ, Ɂ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɥɢɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ȼɞɨɜɢɧ, ɏɢɦɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ. cɨɟɞɢɧ., 2007, 272 [Chem. Nat.
Comp., 2007, 43, 3, 326 (Engl. Transl.)]
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂə ɃɈȾȺ ȼ ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂəɏ,
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɍȿɆɕɏ ȾɅə Ʌȿɑȿɇɂə ɋȿɊȾȿɑɇɈ-ɋɈɋɍȾɂɋɌɕɏ ɁȺȻɈɅȿȼȺɇɂɃ
ȼ.ɘ. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ⱥɧɝɚɫɤɢɟɜɚ2
1 - ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ɍɨɦɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ (ɋɋɁ) ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ,
ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɣɨɞ. Ƀɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɣɨɞɚ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɣɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɮɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ
306
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟɪɨɡɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɵɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɟɣ
ɦɢɥɥɢɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɚ 1 ɤɝ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɨ 10 ɦɝ. ɇɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɣɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɣɨɞɚ ɭ ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ 2-3
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɦɨɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ, ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 0,42 ɦɝ/ɤɝ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɫɭɲɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ,
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɣɨɞ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɣɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ 70% ɝɭɫɬɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɩɨɱɜɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɋɋɁ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɨɞɢɞ-ɢɨɧɚ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ Ɇɍ 31-07/4 «Ɍɨɦɶɚɧɚɥɢɬ».
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɢɳɟ ɫ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ ɪɚɩɨɧɬɢɤɭɦɚ ɫɚɮɥɨɪɨɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ,
ɩɥɨɞɵ ɚɪɨɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɩɥɨɞɧɨɣ, ɬɪɚɜɚ ɦɚɧɠɟɬɤɢ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɚɜɚ ɡɢɡɢɮɨɪɵ
ɤɥɢɧɨɩɨɞɢɟɜɢɞɧɨɣ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
Ɋɚɩɨɧɬɢɤɭɦ
Ⱥɪɨɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɧɠɟɬɤɚ
Ɂɢɡɢɮɨɪɚ
ɫɚɮɥɨɪɨɜɢɞɧɵɣ ɱɟɪɧɨɩɥɨɞɧɚɹ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɥɢɧɨɩɨɞɢɟɜɢɞɧɚɹ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
0,34±0,11
0,7±0,23
0,39±0,13
0,29±0,098
ɣɨɞɚ (ɜ ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ)
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɢɹ (2100 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ), ɜɚɯɬɚ (2,26 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ), ɪɹɫɤɚ (1,87 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ), ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɨɜɨɳɢ - 29 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ, ɮɪɭɤɬɵ - 18 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢɡ ɡɥɚɤɨɜ - 47 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ) ɢ,
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɣɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɨɥɶ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
ɌɊɈɉȺɇɈȼɕȿ ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɕ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɋȿɆȿɃɋɌȼ SOLANACEAE,
CONVOLVULACEAE ɎɅɈɊɕ ɍɁȻȿɄɂɋɌȺɇȺ ɂ ɂɏ ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺə
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
ɋ.Ɏ. Ⱥɪɢɩɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ƚɚɩɩɚɪɨɜ, Ⱥ. ɇɚɛɢɟɜ, ȼ.ɍ. ɏɭɠɚɟɜ, Ⱥ. ȼɚɯɚɛɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɋ.ɘ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, Taɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɂɡɭɱɟɧ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ 18 ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɦ Solanaceae –
ɩɚɫɥɟɧɨɜɵɟ, Convolvulaceae – ɜɶɸɧɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɨɞɨɜ Convolvulus, Physochlaina, Datura,
Hyoscyamus. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ 42 ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚ, 22 - ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, 6
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ.
Ɇɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ (ɌȺ) ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜ Solanaceae ɪɨɞɨɜ
Physochlaina, Datura, Hyoscyamus ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɢɪɚɦɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɧɨɪɬɪɨɩɢɧɚ
ɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɧɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ- ɢ ɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢ- ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (ɬɪɨɩɨɜɨɣ,
ɚɬɪɨɩɨɜɨɣ, ɚɧɢɫɨɜɨɣ) ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ, ɚ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Convolvulaceae
ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɟɪɚɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɚɧɢɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ.
ɇɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜ Solanaceae ɢ Convolvulaceae ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɞɜɭɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɚɦ. ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɌȺ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɨɜ Physochlaina, Datura ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɚɬɪɨɩɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (D- ɢ E- ɮɨɪɦɵ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ – ɷɬɨ D- ɢ E-ɛɟɥɥɚɞɨɧɧɢɧɵ ɢ D- ɢ E-ɫɤɨɧɨɞɨɧɧɢɧɵ.
Ⱦɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɌȺ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Convolvulaceae - ɫɭɛɯɢɪɡɢɧ ɢ ɤɨɧɜɨɥɶɜɢɞɢɧ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ
ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɤɨɧɜɨɥɶɜɢɧɚ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ
307
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɚɬɨɦɵ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɨɣ (ɫɭɛɯɢɪɡɢɧ), ɥɢɛɨ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (ɤɨɧɜɨɥɶɜɢɞɢɧ).
Ɍɪɨɩɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɨɞɚ Convolvulus ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ. ɉɭɬɟɦ
ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɌȺ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ D- ɢ E-ɛɟɥɥɚɞɨɧɧɢɧɵ ɢ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
D- ɢ E-ɫɤɨɩɨɞɨɧɧɢɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɦɢɨɪɟɥɚɤɫɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «ɗɬɛɟɥɨɧɢɣ» ɤɭɪɚɪɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɭɛɨɤɭɪɚɪɢɧ.
Ⱥɥɤɚɥɨɢɞ ɤɨɧɜɨɥɶɜɢɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɚɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɚɧɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɍ
ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɜɨɥɶɜɢɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɜɨɥɚɦɢɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɪɹɞɚ ɝɪɚɦ-ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɦ-ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɧɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɢɛɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «Ʉɨɧɫɭɛɢɧ»,
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɪɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɌɊɂɉɌȺɆɂɇɈȼɕȿ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ɋȿɋɄȼɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ
ɅȺɄɌɈɇɈȼ ɄȺɄ ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅɖɇɕȿ ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɕ ɂ
ɆɂɌɈɉɊɈɌȿɄɌɈɊɕ
ɋ.ȼ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ, Ɇ.ȿ. ɇɟɝɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ.Ɏ. ɒɟɜɰɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɪɨɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ – ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ Inula helenium ɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɬɪɢɩɬɚɦɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɪɹɞɚ, - ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ.
R1
4
O
R
O
R2
N
R
R1
R2
=
3
N
H
,
,
...;
,
O
R3 = H, Ac; R4 = H, OH, OMe, F, Cl, Me, n-Bu, s-Bu, CF3.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɫɬɚɯ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ (ɉɈɅ), ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ-ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ, ɦɟɬɚɥɥ-ɯɟɥɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɚ ɬɪɢɩɬɚɦɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 1ɦɆ), ɧɨɜɵɟ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɬ Fe3+ -ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɉɈɅ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɯɟɥɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ Fe2+, ɪɹɞ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɉɈɅ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɪɟɬɛɭɬɢɥɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ, ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɭɸ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ (ȾɎɉȽ)-ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ, ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɋɚ2+-ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ «ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ» ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ, ɢɯ
308
ɬɪɢɩɬɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ ɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɚɩɨɩɬɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɤɚɱɤɚ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɢɫɤɚ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜ ɪɹɞɚɯ ɬɪɢɩɬɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ.
ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɕ ɉɑȿɅɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ ɄȺɄ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ
ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ȾɅə ɎȺɊɆȺɐȿȼɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɊɕɇɄȺ
Ʌ.Ɍ. Ⱥɯɦɟɬɨɜɚ, ɀ.ɀ. ɋɢɛɝɚɬɭɥɥɢɧ, ɋ.ɘ. Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɨɜ, ɂ.ȼ. Ɂɟɜɚɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ɏ. ɋɨɩɢɧ
Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ.Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɱɟɥɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ. ɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɩɨɥɢɫ,
ɦɚɬɨɱɤɢɧɨ ɦɨɥɨɱɤɨ, ɩɱɟɥɢɧɵɣ ɹɞ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɵɧɤɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɝɚ – ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ «ɩɱɟɥɢɧɵɣ ɯɥɟɛ». ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɝɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɭɸ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ – ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ
ɠɢɪɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ, ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ
ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɝɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɨɫɬɤɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɢ ɪɹɞ
ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɱɟɥɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ,
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ, ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɟɪɝɢ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ (ɡɚɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ), ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɫɟɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɢɬɶ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɱɟɥɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɟɪɝɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɝɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ɍɚɬɚɪɫɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ (ȻȺȾ) «ȼɢɧɢɛɢɫ ɋ», ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɟɪɝɭ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ Ɍɍ 9360-001-27848209-07. ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ȻȺȾɚ, ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɟɢɞɨɜ, ɩɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɵɪɶɸ – ɩɟɪɝɟ.
Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
«ȼɢɧɢɛɢɫ
ɋ»
ɜɵɹɜɢɥɢ
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ,
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ, ɚɧɬɢɚɧɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɦɭɬɚɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
«ȼɢɧɢɛɢɫ ɋ».
ȼɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɭ «ȼɢɧɢɛɢɫ ɋ» ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ: ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ,
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ, ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɛɟɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɨɣ
ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚɦ ɫ 14 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
309
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɕɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɉɅȿɇɈɄ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ
ɉɈɅɂɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɅɂɌɇɈȽɈ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺ ɏɂɌɈɁȺɇȺ ɋ
ɄȺɊȻɈɄɋɂȺɊȺȻɂɇɈȽȺɅȺɄɌȺɇɈɆ
Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɞɵɤɨɜɚ, Ɋ.ɏ. Ɇɭɞɚɪɢɫɨɜɚ
ɂɈɏ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ (ɉɗɄ) ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧ+ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ
ɰɟɮɚɡɨɥɢɧɚ (ɐɎɁ). Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ (ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ) ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɨɬ
0,2 ɞɨ 0,6. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ - ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ: ɩɥɟɧɤɚ 1- ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɭ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧɚ (ɏɌɁ), ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ+ɐɎɁ; ɩɥɟɧɤɚ
2 – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɭ ɏɌɁ+ɐɎɁ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ ɜ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɞɨ 0.6, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɐɎɁ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɉɗɄ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɥɟɧɤɟ. ȼɚɪɶɢɪɭɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɚ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɐɎɁ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɟɟ ɢɡ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ 2, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɐɎɁ ɫ ɏɌɁ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɦɢɧɨɝɪɭɩɩ ɏɌɁ ɫ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɐɎɁ. ȼ ɩɥɟɧɤɟ 1, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ ɢ ɐɎɁ ɫ ɚɦɢɧɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɏɌɁ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɏɌɁ ɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ, ɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦɭ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɐɎɁ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢ-ȺȽ ɜ ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɚ ɜ 5-7 ɪɚɡ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɏɌɁ.
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɂ ɄɅɂɇɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə ɇɈȼɈȽɈ
ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈȽɊɂȻɄɈȼɈȽɈ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȺ “ȺɆɂɄɈɋɄɂɇ”- ɆȺɁɖ 3%
Ɉ.ȼ. Ȼɚɤɛɚɪɞɢɧɚ1, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ƚɚɡɚɥɢɟɜ1, Ⱥ.Ɍ. Ʉɚɪɢɛɚɟɜɚ2, Ƚ.Ʉ. Ⱥɫɤɚɪɨɜɚ2
1 - Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
2 - Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɪɚɝɚɧɞɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ Anabasis aphylla ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ “Ⱥɦɢɤɨɫɤɢɧ”- ɦɚɡɶ 3% (1) ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɵɯ
ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɣ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɰɢɞɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɢɯɨɮɢɬɢɟɣ.
310
S
N
H
OCH3
P
N
H
O
OCH3
(1)
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɞɟɪɦɚɬɨɦɢɤɨɡɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ “Ⱥɦɢɤɨɫɤɢɧ”- ɦɚɡɶ 3% ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɚɩɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 10 ɞɧɟɣ. Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ
ɞɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɵɩɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɪɢɬɟɦɚɬɨɡɧɵɯ ɩɹɬɟɧ. ɉɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ 62 ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɪɢɯɨɮɢɬɢɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 58 ɥɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ 2 ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ
ʋ1 - (25 ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ (ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ,
ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ 2% ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɣɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɚɩɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ 10% ɫɟɪɧɨ-ɞɟɝɬɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɡɢ ɢ ɦɚɡɢ «Ʉɥɨɬɪɢɦɚɡɨɥ»). ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ʋ2 - (37
ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ) ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ “Ⱥɦɢɤɨɫɤɢɧ”- ɦɚɡɶ 3%. ȼɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɨɠɚ ɧɚ 2-3 ɫɦ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɨɬ ɤɪɚɟɜ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ).
Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ 2-3 ɞɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ
“Ⱥɦɢɤɨɫɤɢɧ”- ɦɚɡɶ 3% ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɟɤɚ, ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɢɤɚ
ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ, ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ 6-8 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɚɥɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ʋ2 ɧɚ 2-5 ɞɧɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ “Ⱥɦɢɤɨɫɤɢɧ”- ɦɚɡɶ 3%, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ʋ2.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ “Ⱥɦɢɤɨɫɤɢɧ”- ɦɚɡɶ 3% ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɪɦɚɬɨɦɢɤɨɡɨɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɹ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɢɞɢɜɨɜ.
ɉɈɅɂɆȿɊɇɕȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ȾɅə ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɂɊɍȿɆɈȽɈ ȼɕɋȼɈȻɈɀȾȿɇɂə
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɏɂɌɈɁȺɇȺ
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ȼɟɪɟɡɢɧ, ɘ.Ⱥ. ɋɤɨɪɢɤ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɉɋɄȼ) ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ȻȺɋ). ɉɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ȻȺɋ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ
ɞɨɡɚɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ, ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɢɧɴɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɯ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ȻȺɋ, ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ, ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɋɄȼ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ,
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ (ɧɚɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ) ɞɨ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ (ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ).
311
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɛɢɨɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧ. ɍɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɜ
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɛɢɨɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɫ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
ȻȺɋ.
O
O
O
OH
O
O
OH
O
OH
ɋ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ,
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɤ ɉɋɄȼ, ɧɚɦɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧɚ
ɨHOOC
N
N
N
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɚɧɢɥɢɧ- ɢ ɚɧɢɥɢɧ-N,NHOOC
R
ɞɢ-3-ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɵɦɢ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ.
R
R
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
O
NH
NH2
O
NH
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɧɟ
O
O
O
OH
OH
OH
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚO
O
O
O
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ
ȻȺɋ,
ɧɨ
ɢ
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
n-x
n
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ
ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɤ
R=H; OH
ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɷɧɬɟɪɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ.
O
O
NH
n-x
NH2
n
O
NH
ɗɄȾɂɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɕ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂə LAGɈCHILLUS PLATYCALYX
ɂ.Ɇ. Ȼɨɣɦɚɬɨɜ, ɂ.Ⱦ. Ȼɨɛɚɟɜ, ɇ.ɒ. Ɋɚɦɚɡɚɧɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɋ.ɘ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ
[email protected]
ɗɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ.
Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɤɪɨɜɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɣ, ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɛɟɬɚ. ɗɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ;
ɫɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɝɟɩɚɬɢɬɨɦ: ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ D3, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɹ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɯɢɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. ȼ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ
ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɬɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɢ,
ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɦɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ Lagochillus platycalyx, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɜ Ɏɟɪɝɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ.
ȼɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ Lagochillus platycalyx ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ 5
ɪɚɡ MeOH. ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɨɫɭɯɚ, ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɣ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ
ɭɞɚɥɹɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ. ȼɨɞɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɨɦ,
ɷɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɨɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥɨɦ-1. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɷɬɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɛɭɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ.
Ȼɭɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɫ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɝɟɥɟɦ, ɷɥɸɢɪɭɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ
ɯɥoɪɨɮɨɪɦ-ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥ 30:1, 15:1; 9:1, 6:1, 4:1. ȼɵɞɟɥɢɥɢ 20-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɤɞɢɡɨɧ (1) ɢ ɜ
ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɢ 2-ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢ-20ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɤɞɢɡɨɧ.
312
HO OH
HO OH
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
HO
HO
H O
H O
2-äåçîêñè-20-ãèäðîêñèýêäèçîí
20-ãèäðîêñèýêäèçîí
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ Lagochillus platycalyx ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɵ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɂɆɂɇɈɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ɉɅȺɌɂɇɕ(IV), ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ
ȺɆɂɇɈȽɊɍɉɉɍ ȼ ȻɈɄɈȼɈɃ ɐȿɉɂ, ɂ ɂɏ ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɈɉɍɏɈɅȿȼȺə
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɤɚɱ1, ɘ.ȿ. Ɇɨɫɤɚɥɟɧɤɨ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɪɢɛɚɧɨɜ2, Ɇ.Ʌ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ3, ȼ.ɘ. Ʉɭɤɭɲɤɢɧ4
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
3 - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
4 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ; ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
[email protected]
ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɯɢɦɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ. Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ(IV)
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ
ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ
ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ(IV),
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɢɦɢɧɨɥɢɝɚɧɞɵ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɩɥɚɬɢɧɚɩɪɨɦɨɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɢɬɪɢɥɚɦ.
ɉɥɚɬɢɧɚ(IV) ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ; ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ RCN ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɨɜ (ɜɨɞɚ,
ɫɩɢɪɬɵ, ɨɤɫɢɦɵ, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɚɦɢɧɵ, ɚɦɢɧɵ, ɢɦɢɧɵ, ɚɦɢɞɢɧɵ, ɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɵ, ɢɦɢɧɨɷɮɢɪɵ,
ɩɢɪɚɡɨɥɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɰɟɧɬɪɚ PtIV ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɜɹɡɢ C{N ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɧɨɞɟɧɬɚɬɧɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɦɢɧɨɜ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ
ɛɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɚɦɢ.
R
Cl
N
Cl
Pt
Cl
N
Cl
NH2
spacer
NH
Cl
Cl
N
H
R
Pt
R
H
N
Cl
NH
spacer
NH2
Cl
R
2 NH2
spacer
NH2
Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɵ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɬɪɚɧɫ-[PtCl4(RCN)2] (R = Me,
Et, CH2Ph, Ph) ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫ ɞɢ- ɢ ɬɪɢɚɦɢɧɚɦɢ NH2{spacer}NH2 (spacer = CH2CH2,
CH(Me)CH2, CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH2NHCH2CH2) ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɧɨɞɟɧɬɚɬɧɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɞɢɧɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ
ɚɦɢɧɨɝɪɭɩɩɭ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ CHN ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ 13C CP-MAS əɆɊ ɢ ɂɄ, ESI
ɦɚɫɫ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ).
313
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ in vivo ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɬɪɚɧɫ-[PtCl4{NH=C(Et)NH2(CH2)2NH2}2]. Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɚɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨ 65%.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ 08-03-00631 ɢ 08-0312027), ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ (ɝɪɚɧɬ MK-643.2009.3), ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨ-Ɍɚɣɜɚɧɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (NSC 96-2923-M002 ɢ ɊɎɎɂ ʋ 07-03-92002).
N. A. Bokach, N. P. Konovalova, Y. Wang, Y. E. Moskalenko, A. V. Gribanov, V. Yu. Kukushkin
// Dalton Transactions. 2010. in press.
ɄɈȻȺɅɖɌɄȺɌȺɅɂɁɂɊɍȿɆɈȿ ɄȺɊȻɈɇɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȺɊɂɅȽȺɅɈȽȿɇɂȾɈȼ –
ɇɈȼɕɃ ɆȿɌɈȾ ɋɂɇɌȿɁȺ ɉɊȿɄɍɊɋɈɊɈȼ ȾɅə ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ-ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ
ȼ.ɉ. Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɚɹ, Ɍ.ȿ. ɀɟɫɤɨ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɋɉɛȽɍ, ɋɉɛ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɇɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɚɪɢɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɚɪɢɥɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɢɞɨɜ,
ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ [1,2]:
Co(CO)4ArHal + CO + CH3OArCO2CH3 + Hal-
R
CH3OH, K 2CO3, 60 0C, PCO = 1 ɚɬɦ
O
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɚɪɢɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ:
O
O
O
1
CO 2H
CO 2H
2
O
CO 2H
O
3
CO2H
O
4
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 6ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧ-2-ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (1). ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ 6-ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧ-2-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɦɢɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ MDR-ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɤɚ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ
ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɟɪɚɩɚɦɢɥ [3].
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ "Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ
ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɹ".
1. Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ɉ., ɀɟɫɤɨ Ɍ.ȿ., Ʌɚɧɢɧɚ ɋ.Ⱥ. ɀɉɏ. 2005. 78(11). 1875.
2. Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ɉ., ɀɟɫɤɨ Ɍ.ȿ., Ʌɚɪɢɨɧɨɜ ȿ.ȼ., ɉɨɥɭɤɟɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɀɉɏ. 2007. 80(4). 584.
3. T.N. Lokhande, C.L. Viswanathan, A. Joshi, A. Juvekar // Bioorg. & Med. Chem. 2006.
Vol. 14, N 17. P. 6022í6026.
314
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɂɆɆɈȻɂɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɉɊɈɋɉɂȾɂɇȺ ȽɂȾɊɈȽȿɅȿȼɕɆɂ
ɎɈɊɆȺɆɂ ɎɈɋɎȺɌɈȼ ɄɊȺɏɆȺɅȺ ɂ ȾȿɄɋɌɊȺɇȺ
ɉ.Ɇ. Ȼɵɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ1, Ɍ.Ʌ. ɘɪɤɲɬɨɜɢɱ1, ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɨɥɭɛ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɥɹɟɜ1, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɢɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ1,
Ɋ.ɂ. Ʉɨɫɬɟɪɨɜɚ1, ɋ.Ɉ. ɋɨɥɨɦɟɜɢɱ1, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɥɚɞɢɟɜ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ȻȽɍ ɇɂɂ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
2 - Ȼɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ɌɇɄ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɞɟɤɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɢ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɢ ɤɚɪɛɚɦɚɬɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɥɟɣ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɷɬɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɵ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɝɟɥɶ-ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɩɢɞɢɧɚ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ
ɤɚɬɢɨɧɢɬɚ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɩɢɞɢɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɥɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɜ
ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɥɟɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 5 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ ɫ
ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɨɦ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɞɨ 0,0015 ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ
ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɩɢɞɢɧɚ ɇ- ɢ Na-ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɦɢ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɢ ɞɟɤɫɬɪɚɧɚ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ.
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɩɢɞɢɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ
ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ Na-ɮɨɪɦ
ɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ c H-ɮɨɪɦɨɣ.
ɂɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɨɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ in vitro ɢ in vivo ɜ
Ɋɇɉɐ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɇ.Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɩɢɞɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɞɟɤɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɩɢɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɢ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ.
ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌ «ɐɂɋɉɅȺɐȿɅ» - ɇɈȼɈȿ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈȿ
ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɈɉɍɏɈɅȿȼɈȿ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼɈ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɈɄɂɋɅȿɇɇɈɃ
ɐȿɅɅɘɅɈɁɕ
ɉ.Ɇ. Ȼɵɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ1, Ɍ.Ʌ. ɘɪɤɲɬɨɜɢɱ1, Ɏ.ɇ. Ʉɚɩɭɰɤɢɣ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɥɹɟɜ1, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɞɚɦɱɢɤ1,
ɗ.Ⱥ. ɀɚɜɪɢɞ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼɚɤɤɟɪ2, ɘ.Ƚ. ɒɚɧɶɤɨ3, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɟɜɢɱ3
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ȻȽɍ ɇɂɂ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
2 - Ƚɍ Ɋɇɉɐ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
3 - Ƚɍ Ɋɇɉɐ ɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɯɢɪɭɪɝɢ ɆɁ ɊȻ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ
[email protected]
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɦɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɟ –
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɟ (Ɉɐ) ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ (ɐɉ), ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ
ɡɥɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «ɐɢɫɩɥɚɰɟɥ», ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɐɉ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɨɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɨɧɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ 8˜10-3 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɥɢɡ ɐɉ
ɢɡ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ, ɧɚ
315
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɚ, ɚ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ “ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɚ” ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ in vitro ɢ in vivo ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɐɉ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɣɪɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ, ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ, ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɐɉ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «ɐɢɫɩɥɚɰɟɥ» ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɫɭɩɪɚɬɟɧɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɢɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ:
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ
ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɟ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɪɟɰɢɞɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɫ 31,9±2,8 ɧɟɞɟɥɶ ɞɨ 50,8±3,2 ɧɟɞɟɥɶ.
Ʉɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ (Life
table method) ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɐɉ, ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ.
Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ «ɐɢɫɩɥɚɰɟɥ» ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ (ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɟɧɢɟ ʋ09/09/1667 ɨɬ 30.09.2009 ɝɨɞɚ) ɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
ɇɈȼɕȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɇɕɏ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ
ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ ɂɁ ɎɂɌɈɋɌȿɊɂɇɈȼ
ɇ.ȿ. ȼɨɣɲɜɢɥɥɨ, Ɍ.ɋ. ɋɬɵɰɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.ȼ. əɞɟɪɟɰ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧɢɧɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɧɞɪɸɲɢɧɚ
ɐɟɧɬɪ Ȼɢɨɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ (ɫɦɟɫɶ ȕ-ɫɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ, ɤɚɦɩɟɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ, ɫɬɢɝɦɚɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ,
ɛɪɚɫɫɢɤɚɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɫɨɢ, ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɨɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɦɟɞɢɚɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɭɬɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ 17-ɤɟɬɨɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɵ: ɚɧɞɪɨɫɬ-4-ɟɧ-3,17-ɞɢɨɧ (ȺȾ),
ɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚ-1,4-ɞɢɟɧ-3,17-ɞɢɨɧ (ȺȾȾ) ɢ 9Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȾ (9-Ɉɇ-ȺȾ), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ:
- ɢɡ ȺȾ - ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨ- ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɤɨɪɬɢɤɨɢɞɵ, ɩɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ – ɚɧɞɪɨɝɟɧɵ, ɝɟɫɬɚɝɟɧɵ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɢɭɪɟɬɢɤɢ, ɚɧɚɛɨɥɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɚ; ɢɡ ȺȾȾ - ɩɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɫɬɪɨɝɟɧɵ ɢ ɝɟɫɬɚɝɟɧɵ 19-ɧɨɪɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɧɚɛɨɥɢɤɢ; ɢɡ 9-Ɉɇ-ȺȾ ɮɬɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɋ9 ɤɨɪɬɢɤɨɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɵ (ɞɟɤɫɚɦɟɬɚɡɨɧ, ɫɢɧɚɮɥɚɧ, ɬɪɢɚɦɰɢɧɨɥɨɧ ɢ ɞɪ.).
ȼ ɐɟɧɬɪɟ «Ȼɢɨɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ» ɊȺɇ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ: ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɹ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ, ɨɤɢɫɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɫɬɟɪɢɧɵ ɞɨ 17-ɤɟɬɨɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȺȾ, ȺȾȾ, 9-Ɉɇ-ȺȾ ɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɹɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ: Mycobacterium neoaurum Ac-1634, Mycobacterium neoaurum Ac1656, Pimelobacter simplex Ac-1632, Curvularia lunata F-981, Rhodococcus erhytropolis Ac1740, ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ
ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɊɎ. ɇɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȺȾ, ȺȾȾ ɢ 9ĮɈɇ-ȺȾ ɢɡ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ 7Į-, 9Į-, 11ȕ-, 14Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɋ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ-ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ
316
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɨɪɬɢɡɨɧ, ɩɪɟɞɧɢɡɨɥɨɧ, ɦɟɬɢɥɩɪɟɞɧɢɡɨɥɨɧ,
ɦɟɬɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɟɧɨɥɨɧ, ɫɩɢɪɨɧɨɥɚɤɬɨɧ, ɷɬɢɧɢɥɷɫɬɪɚɞɢɨɥ, ɦɟɬɢɥɬɟɫɬɨɫɬɟɪɨɧ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼɵɯɨɞɵ ɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ.
ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂə ɂɁ ɄɈɊɇȿɃ LIMONIUM
MYRIANTHUM
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɚɞɟɰɤɚɹ1, Ƚ.ȿ. ɀɭɫɭɩɨɜɚ1, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɠɚɦɤɭɥɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.Ʉ. Ɇɭɪɡɚɯɦɟɬɨɜɚ2, ɀ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɛɢɥɨɜ1
1 - Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ
ɪɨɞɚ
ɤɟɪɦɟɤ
(Limonium
Mill)
ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ
ɫɜɢɧɱɚɬɤɨɜɵɯ
(Plumbaginaceae).
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɚɹ ɢ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
«Ʌɢɦɨɧɢɞɢɧ», ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Limonium gmelinii, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɟɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ «Ʌɢɦɨɧɢɞɢɧ» ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ, ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ȻȺȼ). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ
ȻȺȼ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɪɨɞɚ ɤɟɪɦɟɤ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɤɟɪɦɟɤɚ
ɬɵɫɹɱɟɰɜɟɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ (Limonium myrianthum), ɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɟ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɫ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ
Limonium myrianthum, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ȻȺȼ, ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ Limonium myrianthum, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɱɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɢɯ ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɨɦ.
Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ȻȺȼ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ Limonium myrianthum, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɜ
ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɒɂɆȺȾɁɍ ȾɅə ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɃ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɂ
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ
ɂ.Ʌ. Ƚɪɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ
ɈɈɈ ȺɇȺɅɂɌ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ - ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ,
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɵ, ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɵ, ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɵ
ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ
ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ. Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
317
ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ
ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ 2009-2010 ɝɨɞɨɜ: ɧɨɜɵɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮ LC-30 ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɯ-ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ȼɗɀɏ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɨ 1300 ɚɬɦ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɞɨ 1500ɋ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɨ 1
ɦɢɧɭɬɵ;
ɧɨɜɵɣ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮ
GC-2010Plus,
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɚɦɵɦɢ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ; ɧɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ LCMS-2020; ɚɬɨɦɧɨ-ɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪ ȺȺ-7000
ɫ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɚɬɨɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɧɨɣ ɚɬɨɦɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɮɨɧɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 0.010.001 ɪɪb. ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ, ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɢ ICPɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ICPȿ-9000. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɋɋD-ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ (1050000,00 ɩɢɤɫɟɥɟɣ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɞɚɠɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɨɬ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ – ɷɬɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ IG-1000 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɢ ɜ ɫɭɛ-ɧɚɧɨɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ: ɫ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɬ 0.5 ɧɦ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɦ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ (ɇȾɊ).
ɋɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ
ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɶɸɬɨɪ ɒɢɦɚɞɡɭ ɈɈɈ ȺɇȺɅɂɌ-ɉɪɨɞɚɤɬɫ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɸ ɜ ɋɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ, ɇɢɠɧɟɦ-ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɟ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɢ ɢ ɍɮɟ. Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ȺɇȺɅɂɌ-ɉɪɨɞɚɤɬɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɶɸɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ Ɇɢɥɥɢɩɨɪ, Ⱥɧɬɟɤ-Ʌɟɣɞɟɧ,
Ɇɟɬɬɥɟɪ-Ɍɨɥɟɞɨ,
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ,
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ,
ɩɪɨɛɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɬɢɬɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɎɂɅɖɇȺə ɐɂɄɅɂɁȺɐɂə ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ȾɂȺɐȿɌɂɅȿɇɈȼɈȽɈ
ɊəȾȺ
ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɤɢɧɚ, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɥɨɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
[email protected]
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɢɤɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ [1].
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ 2-ɯ ɬɪɨɣɧɵɯ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨ-ɣɨɞɨɷɬɢɧɢɥɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ –
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɟɧɞɢɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɹɞɪɨɦ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɢɤɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ
ɞɢɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ 2-ɦɟɬɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɚɧɢɥɛɟɧɡɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɚ (1) ɢ S-ɦɟɬɢɥɩɢɪɚɡɨɥɢɧɬɢɨɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɚɦɢɞɚ (3).
Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɰɢɤɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɦɢɞɨɜ (1, 3) ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɤɜɢɦɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɣɨɞɚ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɬɪɨɣɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ, ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ 5ɣɨɞ-6-ɷɬɢɧɢɥ-1,3-ɬɢɚɡɢɧ-4-ɨɧɚɦ (2, 4).
318
Me
Me
Me
S
N
N
I2 (1 ɷɤɜ)
CH3CN, 40oC
N
N
N N
S
Me S
O
O
R
1
Ph
R
I
2
52%
N
O
3
Ph
N N
I2 (1 ɷɤɜ)
CH3CN, 40oC
S
R
N
O
I
R
4
51%
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɦɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɛɭɬɚ-1,3-ɞɢɢɧɢɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɚɦɢɞɨɜ ɞɢɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ 5-ɣɨɞ-6ɷɬɢɧɢɥ-1,3-ɬɢɚɡɢɧ-4-ɨɧɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ
ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɟɧɞɢɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ 1,3-ɬɢɚɡɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ.
[1] R. C. Larock in Acetylene Chemistry. Ed. F. Diederich, P.J. Stang, R.R. Tikwinski, WileyVCH, 2005
ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȼɈȾɈɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɕɏ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɏɂɌɂɇȺ
ɋ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɆɂ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺɆɂ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɕɏ ȽɊɍɉɉ
Ƚ.ȼ. ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ1, Ɇ.ȼ. Ɏɚɞɟɟɜɚ1, Ⱦ. ɑɟɪɧɹɤɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ɋ. Ȼɟɪɟɡɢɧ1, ɘ.ȿ. Ɇɨɫɤɚɥɟɧɤɨ2,
ɘ.Ⱥ. ɋɤɨɪɢɤ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɤɨ-ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ (Ʌɉ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, - ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɭɬɟɣ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ Ʌɉ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɨɥɨɧɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ Ʌɉ,
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɯ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ
ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɛɢɨɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɛɢɨɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ LD.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɯɢɬɢɧɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ (ɪɢɛɨɮɥɚɜɢɧ, ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɚɦɢɞ, ɩɟɪɮɥɨɤɫɚɰɢɧ, ɚɰɢɤɥɨɜɢɪ) ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɷɬɢɯ Ʌɉ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ Ɉ-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥ-ɯɢɬɢɧ-ɝɥɸɤɚɧɨɜɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ, N,O-(2-cɭɥɶɮɨɷɬɢɥ)ɯɢɬɢɧ-ɝɥɸɤɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɯɢɬɢɧ-ɝɥɸɤɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɝɪɢɛɨɜ Aspergillus niger [1], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ N-(2-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥ)ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧ (Ʉɗɏ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɪɚɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɢɬɨɡɚɧɚ ɫ 3-ɛɪɨɦɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ [2]. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɂɄ-, əɆɊ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ (1H, 13C, COSY, HMBC, HSQC), ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ 1H əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.
319
1. Skorik Y.A., Pestov A.V., Yatluk Y.G. Biores. Technol. 2010 101(6) 1769-1775.
2. Skorik Y.A., Gomes C.A.R., Vasconcelos M.T.S.D., Yatluk Y.G. Carbohydr. Res. 2003
338(3) 271-276.
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɉȿɊɈɄɋɂȾɕ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ, ɝ.
ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɧɟɫɫɚɧɫɨɦ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢ-ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɬɪɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ [1-3].
Ɉɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɩɨ ɚɧɬɢɦɚɥɹɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɵ,
ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɚɪɬɟɦɢɡɢɧɢɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ [4]. ɗɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ
ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɪɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɞɚɦɚɧɬɚɧɨɧɚ
ɚɪɬɟɪɨɥɚɧ (OZ277) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ
ɮɢɪɦɨɣ Ranbaxy [5], ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɦɚɥɹɪɢɢ.
H3C
H
O
H3C
H
O
O
O H
O
CH3
O
O
O
NH
NH2
O
ɚɪɬɟɪɨɥɚɧ (OZ277)
ɚɪɬɟɦɢɡɢɧɢɧ
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ
ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɚɯ ɂɈɏ ɍɇɐ ɊȺɇ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɟɦɢɥɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ: ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɪɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɨɜ – ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɮɨɪɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟ 1,2,4,5-ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɧɨɜ ɢ 1,2,4-ɬɪɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧɨɜ –
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ 09-03-00831-ɚ), ɝɪɚɧɬɚ
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ – ɞɨɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɭɤ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ
ɆȾ-3852.2009.3), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɊȺɇ (ʋ1-Ɉɏ).
1. J.L. Vennerstrom et al., Nature, 2004, 430, 900-904; 2. P. M. O’Neill et al., Org. Biomol.
Chem., 2006, 4, 4431–4436; 3. J.L. Vennerstrom et al., J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 481–491; 4. C.
2007,
12,
487-495;
5.
W.
Jefford,
Drug
Discovery
Today,
http://www.ranbaxy.com/researchndevelopment/overview.aspx
320
ɏȿɆɂɅɘɆɂɇȿɋɐȿɇɐɂə ɊȿȺɄɐɂɃ ɌȿɌɊȺɈɄɋȺɇɈȼ ɂ ɌɊɂɈɄɋɈɅȺɇɈȼ
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜ1, Ɏ.ɗ. ɋɚɮɚɪɨɜ1, Ɇ.ɘ. Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜ1, Ⱥ.Ɋ. Ɍɢɦɟɪɛɚɟɜ1, ɘ.ȼ. Ʌɟɝɨɫɬɚɟɜɚ1,
Ƚ.ɘ. ɂɲɦɭɪɚɬɨɜ1, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɦɵɤɢɧ1, Ɇ.Ɋ. Ɍɚɥɢɩɨɜ1, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɢɤɨɜ2
1 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɍɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɇ.
ȼɨɪɨɠɰɨɜɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ [1-4]. Ɇɵ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵ
ɫɬɚɬɶ ɯɟɦɢɥɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɹ (ɏɅ) – ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɢ, ɩɨɞɱɚɫ, ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ [5]. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɪɹɞɚ 1,2,4 – ɬɪɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ 1,2,4,5- ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɧɨɜ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ 1- 4,4ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ-3,4-ɨɡɨɧɢɞ-A-ɧɟɨ-5EH-19E,28-ɷɩɨɤɫɢ-18D-ɨɥɟɚɧ; 2- 4,4-ɦɟɬɢɥ(ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɦɟɬɢɥ)3,4-ɨɡɨɧɢɞ-A-ɧɟɨ-5bH-19b,28-ɷɩɨɤɫɢ-18a-ɨɥɟɚɧ; 3-ɦɟɬɢɥ12D-ɚɰɟɬɨɤɫɢ-5E-ɯɨɥɚɧ-24-ɨɚɬ-3ɫɩɢɪɨ-6c-(3c,3c-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ-1c,2c,4c,5c-ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚɧ); 4- 3,3,6,6-ɬɟɬɪɚɦɟɬɢɥ-1,2,4,5ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɧ; 5- ɛɢɫ(ɬɪɢɮɬɨɪɨɦɟɬɢɥ)-3,6-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ-1,2,4,5-ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɧ; 6 – ɚɪɬɟɦɢɡɢɧɢɧ
(ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ 1-3 ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ):
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɵ 1-6
FeCl3/L-ɰɢɫɬɢɧ ɢɥɢ FeSO4
ɪɨɞɚɦɢɧ ɀ, CH3CN/H2O 1:1
hQ (550-650 ɧɦ)
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɏɅ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɬɪɢɨɤɫɨɥɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɧɨɜ ɫ ɞɜɭɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɫ Fe2+ ɝɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ,
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɦɚɥɹɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɚ [6].
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ 09-03-00831-ɚ), ɝɪɚɧɬɚ
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ – ɞɨɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɭɤ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ
ɆȾ-3852.2009.3), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɊȺɇ.
1. J.L. Vennerstrom et al., Nature, 2004, 430, 900-904; 2. P. M. O’Neill et al., Org. Biomol.
Chem., 2006, 4, 4431–4436; 3. J.L. Vennerstrom et al., J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 481–491; 4.
B.A. Šolaja et al., Invest New Drugs, 2009, 27, 432–439; 5. W. Adam et al., Analyst, 1996, 121,
1527-1531 ; 6. B. Meunier et al. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2005, 249, 1927–1936.
321
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɅɈȽɂə ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɋȿɋɄȼɂɌȿɊɉȿɇɈȼɕɏ ɅȺɄɌɈɇɈȼ –
ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ɂɇȽɂȻɂɌɈɊɈȼ ɎȺɊɇȿɁɂɅɌɊȺɇɋɎȿɊȺɁɕ - ȾɅə ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ
ɉɊɈȺɉɈɉɌɈɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɈɉɍɏɈɅȿȼɕɏ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ
ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ, ɋ.ȼ. Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɊȺɇ, ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɉɛɲɢɪɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ - ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Asteraceae. Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢ
ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ [1]. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɭ- ɢ ɩɪɨɤɚɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ, ɩɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ
ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜ - ɨɬ
ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 10 ɥɟɬ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɦɢɲɟɧɢ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɥɨɠɟɧɚ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɟɫɤɜɢɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬ-ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɢɧɝ ɨɧɤɨɝɟɧɨɜ Ras ɢ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ
ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɚɩɨɩɬɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ [2].
1. Abdul Latif Khan et all., Molecules, 2010, 15, 1562-1577
2. Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ ɋ.Ƚ. ɢ ɞɪ., Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, 2008, 5, 5–6, 31-39
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɈɊɂȽɂɇȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɂɆɉɈɊɌɈɁȺɆȿɓȺɘɓȿɃ ɋɍȻɋɌȺɇɐɂɂ
ȽɂɉɈɅɂɉɂȾȿɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ȼɈɁɈȻɇɈȼɅəȿɆɈȽɈ
ɋɕɊɖə ȼɈɋɌɈɑɇɈɃ ɋɂȻɂɊɂ
ə.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɫɬɵɪɨ, Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜ, ȼ.Ʉ. ɋɬɚɧɤɟɜɢɱ
ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɚ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɝɟɩɚɪɢɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ.
ȼ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɚɜɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɝɟɩɚɪɢɧɨɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɤɚɥɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ - «Ⱥɝɫɭɥɚɪ®», ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ Ⱥɝɫɭɥɚɪ® ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ ȼɟɫɫɟɥ Ⱦɭɷ Ɏ® (ɫɭɥɨɞɟɤɫɢɞ)
«ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ 250 Ʌȿ (ɥɢɩɨɫɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ), ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɴɟɤɰɢɢ 600 Ʌȿ/2 ɦɥ»
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɪɦɵ «Alfa-Wassermann S.p.A.» ɂɬɚɥɢɹ (ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɚɹ ɢ
322
ɚɧɬɢɬɪɨɦɛɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ) ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɭ Ɂɨɤɨɪ® (ɫɢɦɜɚɫɬɚɬɢɧ) «ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɟ
ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ, 10 ɦɝ» ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɪɦɵ «Merck Sharp & Dohme» ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɵ
(ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɚɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ).
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Ⱥɝɫɭɥɚɪ® ɥɟɠɢɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ (ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ) ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ – ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɬɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ
ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ
15%, ɬɚɤ ɢɡ 1 ɦ3 ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɫ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ 52% ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨ
26-54 ɤɝ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚɯ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɪɚɛɢɧɨɝɚɥɚɤɬɚɧɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ Ⱥɝɫɭɥɚɪ® ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ
ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ
ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ
ɝɢɩɨɥɢɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɌɊȺɇɋ-Ȼɂɋ-ɈɄɋȺȾɂȺɁɈɅɖɇɕɏ ɂ ɌɊȺɇɋ-ɈɄɋȺȾɂȺɁɈɅɇɂɌɊɂɅɖɇɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ – ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅɖɇɕɏ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ʉɪɢɬɱɟɧɤɨɜ, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɤɚɱ, ɘ.Ⱥ. ɂɡɨɬɨɜɚ, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɇɢɥɶɰɨɜ, Ɍ.Ƚ. ɑɭɥɤɨɜɚ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɯɢɦɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɪɚɤɚ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ
ɡɥɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ (ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɪɚɤɚ ɹɢɱɤɚ ɢ ɹɢɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɚɪɤɨɦɟ ɦɚɬɤɢ, ɨɫɬɟɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɚɪɤɨɦɟ, ɩɥɟɜɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɡɨɬɟɥɢɨɦ) ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ. ɂɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɯɢɦɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɫɩɥɚɬɢɧ, ɤɚɪɛɨɩɥɚɬɢɧ
(ɤɚɪɛɨɩɥɚɬɚɦ) ɢ ɨɤɫɚɥɢɩɥɚɬɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɭɡɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɡ ɢ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɝɨ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɩɨɝɨɧɟ ɡɚ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɰɢɫ-ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ (ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ SAR –
ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ), ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ
ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ [1]. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɛɢɫ-ɨɤɫɚɞɢɚɡɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɨɤɫɚɞɢɚɡɨɥ-ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ
ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ(II)
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ in vitro [1]. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɢɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɦ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɬ.ɤ. ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɞɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ. Ɉɛ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦ
ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ
ɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɧɢɬɪɨɧɨɜ
ɤ
Pt(II)-ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɞɢɚɥɤɢɥɰɢɚɧɚɦɢɞɚɦ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɞɨɧɨɪɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɬɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ)
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ.
323
ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ C{N ɞɢɚɥɤɢɥɰɢɚɧɚɦɢɞɨɜ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɤ Pt(II) ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ 1,3-Ⱦɐɉ ɫ
ɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɢɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤ Pt(II) 2,3-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨ-1,4ɨɤɫɚɞɢɚɡɨɥɨɜ. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ 1,3-Ⱦɐɉ ɚɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɢɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɛɢɫɞɢɚɥɤɢɥɰɢɚɧɚɦɢɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦ Pt(II) ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ 8 ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Pt(II). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɛɢɫ-ɰɢɤɥɨɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ)
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ əɆɊ 1ɇ ɢ 13ɋ{1ɇ}, ESI+ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɸ, ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɸ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɊɋȺ.
O
R''
R2N
+ R''
C N R'
O
N
Cl
Pt
C
R'
Cl
N
Pt
H
Cl
N
Cl
C NR2
N
H
ɋ
NR2
NR2
O
R''
N
C
R'
N
C
C
C NR2
N
Cl
H
R'
C
Pt
H
Cl
R2N
N
C
N
O
H
R'
+ R''
C N O
R''
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ 08-03-00247).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Coley H. M., Sarju J., Wagner G. Synthesis and characterization of platinum(II) oxadiazoline
complexes and their in vitro antitumor activity in platinum-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell
lines, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 51, 135-141, 2008.
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɋɉȿɄɌɊɈɎɈɌɈɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ
ȽɈɆȿɈɉȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȺ "ɉȿɌɊɈɅȿɍɆ-Ʉ"
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɢɥɨɜ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɬɪɟɥɹɟɜɚ2, ȿ.Ⱦ. ɋɬɪɟɥɶɰɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.Ɉ. əɤɨɜɥɟɜ2, ɋ.ɋ. Ɂɭɟɜ2, Ⱥ.ɉ. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ3
1 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɂ.Ɇ. ɋɟɱɟɧɨɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ɇ. ɇɟɫɦɟɹɧɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɨɫɢɧɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɢ,
ɧɚɦɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ-Ʉ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ) ɩɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦɚ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ. «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ» – ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɇɟɦɟɰɤɨɣ ɝɨɦɟɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɟ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ D2, D3, D4. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɇɟɦɟɰɤɨɣ ɝɨɦɟɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɩɟɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɨ D4 ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦɚ-Ʉ» ɜ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ 1:500, ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ c ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ Ȝ = 266 ɢ 216 ɧɦ ɫ
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ.
324
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɦɟɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ
«ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ-Ʉ». ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ (A, ɨɫɶ Y)
ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɩɪɢ Ȝ = 266 ɧɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ
(ɨɫɶ X) ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ D ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 4 (ɛɟɡ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɡɰɢɢ), ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ (ɩɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ) ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɸ (EtOH) - VCɭɛɫɬ./VEtOH - ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 10 -2
ɞɨ 10 -4. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɟ Hitachi U 1900 ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ A =
f(VCɭɛɫɬ./VEtOH) (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ). Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ cɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ: Y = 559X (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ R = 0.9998).
Ɋɢɫ. Ƚɨɦɟɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ-Ʉ»:
ɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
A = f(VCɭɛɫɬ./VEtOH).
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭ- ɦɚɄ»: ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ ɮɢɪɦɵ Agilent Technologies, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢɡ: 1)
ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ 7890 (ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ HP-5, 50 ɦ x 320 ɦɤɦ x 1.05 ɦɤɦ) ɢ 2) ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ 5975 C ɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ-Ʉ» ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 100 ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ - ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ NIST-05 ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦ Ʉɨɜɚɱɚ), ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ: ɧ-ɚɥɤɚɧɵ (35.80%), ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɥɤɚɧɵ (25.75 ɢ
10.55% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɥɤɟɧɵ (2.20%) ɢ ɚɪɟɧɵ (25.70%). ɉɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
ɚɥɤɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɚɪɟɧɨɜ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ Ȝ ɨɬ 300 ɞɨ 200 ɧɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɛɫɨɪɛ- ɰɢɢ
(A) ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (Vɋɭɛɫɬ./VEtOH), ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɦɟɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
325
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɕ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋȺ ɉɅȺɌɂɇɕ ɋ
ɂɆɂɇɈɌɊɂȺɁɂɇɈɆ ȼ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊȿ ɂ ɌȼȿɊȾɈɃ ɎȺɁȿ
ɘ.ȿ. Ɇɨɫɤɚɥɟɧɤɨ1, Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɐɯɨɜɪɟɛɨɜ2, Ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɨɤɟɟɜ1, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɤɚɱ2, ȼ.ɘ. Ʉɭɤɭɲɤɢɧ3
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
2 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ
3 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ; ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
[email protected]
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ ɫ ɚɡɨɬ-ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ. ɂɦɢɧɨɬɪɢɚɡɢɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɵ ɜɜɢɞɭ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ȾɇɄ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ PtII(tmeda) ɢ 4-ɢɦɢɧɨ-6,6-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ-1,4,5,6-ɬɟɬɪɚɝɢɞɪɨ-[1,3,5]ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧɢɥɚɦɢɧɚ-2
ɛɵɥ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɚɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɚ ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɟ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɚ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɛɢɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɥɢɝɧɚɞɚ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɨɣ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɚ.[1]
2+
2+
NH2
Me Me
N
C
NH2
N
2 NH3
Me Me
2 Me2CO
N
Me Me
NH
NH2
N
Pt
Pt
N
NH
HN
N
N
N
NH2
C
NH
Me Me
N
HN
NH2
N
NH2
NH
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ 1H ɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ 13C ɢ 15N ɜ ɬɜɺɪɞɨɦ ɬɟɥɟ, ɊɋȺ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ DFT. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ E,Z- ɢ Z,Z-ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɣ PtII[ɛɢɫ(4-ɢɦɢɧɨ-1,3,5-ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧɚ)]. Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ 1H ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ȾɆɋɈ-d6 ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦ CD2Cl2 ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ E,Z-ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɟɪɚ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ əɆɊ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɬɟɥɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɞɢɷɬɢɥɨɜɵɦ ɷɮɢɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɨɜ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢɡ
ɫɦɟɫɢ ɚɰɟɬɨɧ/ɬɨɥɭɨɥ (2:1, ɨɛ/ɨɛ) ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ E,Eɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɟɪɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɊɋȺ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɟɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
PtII(1,3,5-ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧ) ɭɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ Z,Z – E,Z – E,E ɫ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɦɢ
ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 1.6 ɤɤɚɥ•ɦɨɥɶ–1. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɚɥɵɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
1. Tskhovrebov A.G., Bokach N.A., Haukka M., Kukushkin V.Yu., Inorg. Chem., 2009, 48,
8678–8688.
326
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ: Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ
ɞɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɭɤ (MK 634.2009.3), ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɊɎɎɂ (09-03-00065-a) ɢ Ɏɨɧɞɚ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɢ (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Project
PTDC/QUI-QUI/098760/2008)
ɋȺɆɈɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ȼ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊȺɏ ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ
ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɇɂɁɄɂɏ ɂ ɋȼȿɊɏɇɂɁɄɂɏ
ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂɃ
Ʌ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ1, ɂ.ɋ. Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ1, Ⱥ.ɉ. Ɍɢɦɨɲɟɜɚ1, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɋɚɜɟɥɶɟɜɚ2, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ1
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ.Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɇɐ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ
ɧɟɣɪɨɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ, ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɝɚɬɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜ
ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ-ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɦɟɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ
(ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ) ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ (ɧɚɧɨ-ɩɢɤɨɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ) ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɢɡɤɢɯ (ɮɟɦɬɨɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ)
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɢɡɤɢɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɧɚɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ /1-3/. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɨɦɨɧɨɜ (ɬɟɫɬɨɫɬɟɪɨɧ, ɷɫɬɪɨɧ),
ɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɨɥɚ, ɚɰɟɬɢɥɯɨɥɢɧ ɢɨɞɢɞɚ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ,
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɪɹɞɨɦ (ɞɡɟɬɚ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ) ɧɚɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ
ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 10-03-00147) ɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ʋ 6 ɈɏɇɆ ɊȺɇ «ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢɹ ɫɭɩɪɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ
ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ».
1.Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ ɂ.ɋ., Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ Ʌ.ɂ. ɢ ɞɪ.//ɂɡɜ. Ⱥɇ.ɋɟɪ.ɯɢɦ. 2008. ʋ 6. ɋ.
1207-1214.
2. ɂ.ɋ. Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ, Ʌ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ, ɘ.ȼ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ // Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ Ⱥɇ. – 2009.Ɍ. 428. - ʋ 4. - ɋ. 487-491.
3. ɂ.ɋ. Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ, Ʌ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ, ɘ.ȼ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ // Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ Ⱥɇ. -2009.Ɍ. 428. - ʋ 5. – ɋ. 628-632.2.
327
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏ ȺɆɂɇɈɄɂɋɅɈɌ ȼ ɋɂɇɌȿɁȿ
ȾɂȺɋɌȿɊȿɈɆȿɊɇɈ ɑɂɋɌɕɏ ɉɂɉȿɊȺɁɂɇ-2,5-ȾɂɈɇɈȼ
Ɇ.Ɇ. ɇɢɤɭɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ1, Ɇ.ɘ. Ʉɪɚɫɚɜɢɧ2
1 - ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ» əɪȽɉɍ
2 - ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ, ɝ. ɏɢɦɤɢ
[email protected]
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɍɝɢ Boc-ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɬɛɭɬɢɥɢɡɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɨɦ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɨɜ (~1:1) ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ 1, ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɣ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɟ [1, 2]. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɬɪɟɬɛɭɬɢɥɚɦɢɧɚ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɬɨɦɨɦ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɢɩɟɪɚɡɢɧ-2,5-ɞɢɨɧɵ 2 ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ (4055%) ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ (!) ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɚ.
R1
R2
O
R3NH2
R4NC
O
R1
OH
N
R2
O
HN
N
N
O
R3
O
R4
O
O
R1
1) TFA
2) AcOH, MW
R2
N
N
R4
nOe
R4
O
H
O
O
O
E. g.,
1
N
N
H
2
H
H
O
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɨ ɟɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɷɤɜɢɥɢɛɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ 2 (ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɛɚ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɚ 2a ɢ 2b
ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ 1ɇ əɆɊ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ). ȼ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ 2, ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ: ɪɚɰɟɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɧɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ 3.
R2
N
N
O
O
OH
O
R1
R4
R1
R4
R2
N
N
R4
R1
R4
R2
O
N
N
R4
R4
O
2b
2a
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɯɢɦɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ NOESY ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɆɆ2.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
[1] Krasavin et al. SYNLETT 2009, 260-262.
[2] Krasavin et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 5529-5531.
328
3,4-ȾɂȽɂȾɊɈ-2-ȺɅɄɈɄɋɂ-6-ȻȿɇɁɂɅ-4-ɈɄɋɈɉɂɊɂɆɂȾɂɇɕ (ȾȺȻɈ) –
ɂɇȽɂȻɂɌɈɊɕ ɊȿɌɊɈȼɂɊɍɋɇɈɃ ɊȿɉɅɂɄȺɐɂɂ: ȺɇɌɈɅɈȽɂə ɋɈɁȾȺɇɂə ɂ
ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə
ɂ.Ⱥ. ɇɨɜɚɤɨɜ, Ȼ.ɋ. Ɉɪɥɢɧɫɨɧ, Ɇ.Ȼ. ɇɚɜɪɨɰɤɢɣ
ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
3,4-Ⱦɢɝɢɞɪɨ-2-ɚɥɤɨɤɫɢ-6-ɛɟɧɡɢɥ-4-ɨɤɫɨɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ
ɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɬɪɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ 1992 ɝɨɞɭ ɂɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Marino Artico. ɋ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ
ɧɨɜɵɟ, ɛɢɨɢɡɨɫɬɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɚɬɨɦɵ ɫɟɪɵ (S-ȾȺȻɈ) ɢ
ɚɡɨɬɚ (NH-ȾȺȻɈ ɢ N,N-ȾȺȻɈ). Ʉɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
NH2
OMe
N
H2N
NH2
OMe
N
H2N
OMe
O
ɂɡɨɬɪɢɦɟɬɨɩɪɢɦ
(ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɣ
ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɝɟɧɬ)
tƾ» ÈÄÅƾÂ
(¶ÃȾ·¶ÀÈ» ƾ¶ÁÒÃÑ¿ ¶¹» ÃÈ)
M. Botta et al., 1989
S te nbuck & Hood, 1962
HO
O
1
Me
SPh
O
OMe
HN
BuO
ȽɗɎɌ
R
R
2
O
N
N
ȾȺȻɈ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩ ɪɹɞɚ
ȾȺȻɈ
(ɧɟɧɭɤɥɟɨɡɢɞɧɵɣ
ɚɧɬɢ-ȼɂɑ-1 ɚɝɟɧɬ)
R
HN
O
N
OMe
N
OMe
O
HN
OMe
N
M. Artico et al., 1992
M. Botta et al., 1992
T. Miyasaka et al., 1989
O
O
1
HN
R
1
R
R
2
NH
N
R
HN
R
R
2
S
N
NH-ȾȺȻɈ
S-ȾȺȻɈ
R. Ragno et al., 2004
A. Mai et al., 1995
O
R
HN
R
1
R
2
N
3
R
N
N,N-ȾȺȻɈ
A. Mai et al., 2007
329
ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɂɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ S-ȾȺȻɈ ɢ N,N-ȾȺȻɈ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɬɶ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɸ
ȼɂɑ-1 ɜ ɩɢɤɨɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɸ ȼɂɑ-2 ɢ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɜɟɪɬɚɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɇɈȼɕȿ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɋɂɇɌȿɁȺ NH-ɇȿɁȺɆȿɓȿɇɇɈȽɈ 5-ȼɂɇɂɅɌȿɌɊȺɁɈɅȺ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ1, ɉ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɟɲɭɧɢɧ1, Ɋ.ȿ. Ɍɪɢɮɨɧɨɜ1, ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ɉ. Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɨɜ2
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ),
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
5-ȼɢɧɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥ – ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɡɨɬɢɫɬɵɣ ɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɨɣ, ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɣ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ NH-ɧɟɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ 5R-ɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 5-ɜɢɧɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɚ
(R=vinyl). Ⱥ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɚɤɪɢɥɨɧɢɬɪɢɥɚ ɢ ɚɡɢɞɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɜ ɌȽɎ, (ɦɟɬɨɞ Ⱥɪɧɨɥɶɞɚ),
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɚɤɪɢɥɨɧɢɬɪɢɥɚ, NaN3, ZnBr2 ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɦɟɬɨɞ Ⱦɟɦɤɨɒɚɪɩɥɟɫɫɚ) ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ [1]. ȼɫɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ 5-ɜɢɧɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥ ɫ
ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ
ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ 5-ɜɢɧɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɚ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ.
H3C
CH3
N
C
N
H3C
CH3
N
N
N
N
N N
N
N N
n
N
N
N N
ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ 5-ȕ-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɧɨɷɬɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ
ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɞɟɡɚɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ (ɦɟɬɨɞ ɋɉɛȽɌɂ (Ɍɍ)). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ – 5-ɜɢɧɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥ ɫ
ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 50% ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ >99%. ɉɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ 5ɜɢɧɢɥɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɡɨɬɢɫɬɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ
ɥɢɦɮɵ ɨɬ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. V.A.Ostrovskii, G.I.Koldobskii, R.E.Trifonov, Tetrazoles. In: Comprehensive heterocyclic
chemistry III. , A. R. Katrizky, C. A. Ramsden, E. F.V. Scriven, and R. J.K.Taylor, Eds.; ,
Elsevier: Oxford, 2008; Vol.6. , pp 257-424.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ: ɊɎɎɂ ʋ 10-03-007-00-ɚ, Ƚɪɚɧɬ
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɭɤ ʋ ɆɄ-1354.2009.3,
ɝɪɚɧɬɚ 2009 ɝ. ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɋɉɛ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ.
330
ɇɈȼɕȿ ɌȿɇȾȿɇɐɂɂ ȼ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɈɃ ɏɂɆɂɂ ɌȿɌɊȺɁɈɅɈȼ
ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ, Ɋ.ȿ. Ɍɪɢɮɨɧɨɜ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ), ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɚ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ.
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɰɟɮɚɥɨɫɩɨɪɢɧɚ
(Cefazolin, Ceftezol), ɧɚɲɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɧɡɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ (Losartan, Valsartan, Candesartan, Irbesartan),
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɫ ɚɧɬɢɚɥɥɟɪɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ (Pranlucast, Tazanoplast, Pemiroplast), ɞɢɭɪɟɬɢɤɢ
(Azosemid), ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɵ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Cilostazol).
H3C
O
COOH
N
CH3
H3C
N
N
NH
N
N
CH3
N
N
H
N
N
O
N N
N
N
N
N
H
N
O
O
N
N N
N
CH3
O
CH3
CH3
O
CH3
O
HN
O
H
N
N
N N
ɍɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ.
ɗɬɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɵ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɶɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɧɨɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ ɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɬɟɬɪɚɡɨɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɰɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɤɨɜ – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɰɢɫ-ɩɥɚɬɢɧɚ [1].
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. V.A.Ostrovskii, G.I.Koldobskii, R.E.Trifonov, Tetrazoles. In: Comprehensive heterocyclic
chemistry III. , A. R. Katrizky, C. A. Ramsden, E. F.V. Scriven, and R. J.K.Taylor, Eds.; ,
Elsevier: Oxford, 2008; Vol.6. , pp 257-424.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ: ɊɎɎɂ ʋ 10-03-007-00-ɚ, Ƚɪɚɧɬ
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɭɤ ʋ ɆɄ-1354.2009.3
331
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɏɂɊȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɈȼ ɌɂɌȺɇȺ(IV) ɂ ȼȺɇȺȾɂə(IV)
ɉɊɂ ɉɈɅɍɑȿɇɂɂ ɗɇȺɇɌɂɈɆȿɊɇɈ ɈȻɈȽȺɓȿɇɇɕɏ ɋɍɅɖɎɈɄɋɂȾɈȼ
Ʉ.ɋ. Ɋɨɞɵɝɢɧ1, ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ1, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɥɭɤɟɟɜ2
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɁȺɈ "ȼɟɤɬɨɧ"
[email protected]
ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɚɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɚɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ɉɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɨɜ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ DIR-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɮɨɬɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɜɭɚɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɒɢɮɮɚ ɢɡ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ 2-ɚɦɢɧɨ-3-ɩɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥɩɪɨɩɚɧ-1,3-ɞɢɨɥɚ (I) ɢ ɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
R1
O
OH
OH
NH2
O2N
R2
HO
OH
R2
N
R1
O2N
OH
I
OH
Ia-e
R1=R2=H (ɚ); R1=R2=t-Bu (ɛ); R1=R2=Br (ɜ); R1=R2=I (ɝ); R1=ɇ, R2=Cl (ɞ); R1=ɇ, R2=Br (ɟ).
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɪɢ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ 2-ɛɟɧɡɢɥɬɢɨ-1ɇ-ɛɟɧɡɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɚ (II) ɩɨ Ȼɨɥɶɦɭ ɢ
Ɏɭɞɠɢɬɭ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɵ.
N
N
S
S
N
N
H
O
H
II
IIa
Ɉɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ (VO(ɚcac)2) ɢ ɬɪɟɬɛɭɬɢɥɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ (Ti(O-iPr)4) ɫ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚɦɢ Ia ɢ Iɛ. ȼɵɯɨɞ
ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɨɬ 85 ɞɨ 89%. ɇɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ Ɏɭɞɠɢɬɭ
ɬɪɟɬ-ɛɭɬɢɥɝɢɞɪɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ti(O-iPr)4 ɫ
ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɒɢɮɮɚ Iɛ (19.2 ɟɟ). ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫ Iɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɫɢɞ
ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚ (2.4 ɟɟ), ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɞɨɧɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɬ-ɛɭɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ 3 ɢ 5. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ Ȼɨɥɶɦɭ.
ɇɈȼɕȿ ɉɈȾɏɈȾɕ Ʉ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂɘ ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɈȼ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ
ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ȼ ɈȻɅȺɋɌɂ ɇɂɁɄɂɏ ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂɃ: ɋȺɆɈɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə,
ɎɂɁɂɄɈ-ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ, ȻɂɈɗɎɎȿɄɌɕ
ɂ.ɋ. Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ, Ʌ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ, ɘ.ȼ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, ɘ.ȼ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ.Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɇɐ ɊȺɇ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ȻȺȼ) ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ (10-10 – 10-4 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɢɡɤɢɯ (10-20 – 10-13 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ)
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ȻȺȼ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
332
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦ, ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ [13]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ cɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɹɞɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɢɡɤɢɟ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ, ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ (ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɟ,
ɤɨɧɞɭɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ, ɬɟɧɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ, ɪɇ-ɦɟɬɪɢɹ) ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ
ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɯ ɢ ɞɡɟɬɚ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ
ɧɚɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɪɇ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɧɚɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ, ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɞɡɟɬɚ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɧɚɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɨɜ, ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɛɢɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ (ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ) ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 10-03-00147).
1.Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ ɂ.ɋ., Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ Ʌ.ɂ. ɢ ɞɪ.//ɂɡɜ. Ⱥɇ.ɋɟɪ.ɯɢɦ. 2008. ʋ 6. ɋ.
1207-1214.
2. ɂ.ɋ. Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ, Ʌ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ, ɘ.ȼ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ // Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ Ⱥɇ. – 2009.Ɍ. 428. - ʋ 4. - ɋ. 487-491.
3. ɂ.ɋ. Ɋɵɠɤɢɧɚ, Ʌ.ɂ. Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ, ɘ.ȼ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ // Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ Ⱥɇ. -2009.Ɍ. 428. - ʋ 5. – ɋ. 628-632.2.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɇɈȼɕɏ 6-ɁȺɆȬɓȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ ȾȿɅɖɌȺ4-3ɄȿɌɈȺɇȾɊɈɋɌȺɇɈȼ ɂɁ ɎɂɌɈɋɌȿɊɂɇɈȼ
Ɍ.ɋ. ɋɚɜɢɧɨɜɚ1, Ɉ.ȼ. ȿɝɨɪɨɜɚ2, Ƚ.ȼ. Ʌɚɬɵɲɟɜ1, Ɇ.ȼ. Ⱦɨɧɨɜɚ3, ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɭɤɚɲɺɜ1
1 - ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, ɆȽɍ ɢɦ. Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ
2 - ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ» ɊȺɇ,
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
3 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɦ. Ƚ.Ʉ.ɋɤɪɹɛɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ N,N-ɞɢɡɚɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɵ – ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɇɚɧɧɢɯɚ, - ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɇɚɧɧɢɯɚ – ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋ6-ɋɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɧɧɢɯɚ (4) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ 6-ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧ-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ N,N-ɞɢɡɚɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɟ
ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
¨4-3-ɤɟɬɨɩɪɟɝɧɚɧɵ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɤɢɧɢɧɨɝɟɧɚɡɧɨɣ
(ɚɧɚɥɶɝɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ) ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɭ
ɚɬɨɦɚ ɋ6. ɗɬɨ ɞɚɺɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɶɝɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ ɭ 6-ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɚ ɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɚ. Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɺɧ ɢɡ ¨4-3-ɤɟɬɨɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ (2), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɡ
ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ (1) – ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɫɨɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ
ɢ ɬ.ɩ.). N,N-Ⱦɢɡɚɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɵ (4) ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ
333
ɟɧɨɥɷɮɢɪɚ (3) ɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɦ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɦ ɚɦɢɧɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚ.
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (6Į ɢ 6ȕɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ). ɇɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ 6ȕ-ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ 6Į-ɢɡɨɦɟɪ.
R
O
H3CO
O
2
1
3
N
4
R4
R1 ɢ R2 ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɤɟɬɨɝɪɭɩɩɚ;
R1= OH ɢɥɢ OAcyl, R2 = H ɢɥɢ CH3
R = CH3 ɢɥɢ C2H5
R2
R2
R2
HO
R1
R1
R1
R3
(D+E)
R3= CH3,
R4 = CH3 ɢɥɢ C6H5
N,N-Ⱦɢɡɚɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɵ (4) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɜ 6-ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧ- ɢ
6-ɦɟɬɢɥ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɷɤɫɟɦɟɫɬɚɧɚ, 6ɦɟɬɢɥɩɪɟɞɧɢɡɨɥɨɧɚ, ɦɟɞɪɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɝɟɫɬɟɪɨɧɚ, ɦɟɝɟɫɬɪɨɥɚ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅɖɇɕɏ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ
ɐȿɅȿɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɇɕɆ N- ɂ Ɉ- ȺɅɄɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ 2ɇ (ɆȿɌɂɅ)
ɏɂɇȺɁɈɅɈɇɈȼ-4
Ɏ.ɗ. ɋɚɢɞɤɭɥɨɜ1, Ɏ.ɋ. ɒɨɦɭɪɨɞɨɜ1, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ɍɭɪɚɟɜɚ1, ɏ.Ɇ. ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ2
1 - ɋɚɦɚɪɤɚɧɞɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. Ⱥ. ɇɚɜɨɢ, ɋɚɦɚɪɤɚɧɞ Ɋɍɡ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɋ.ɘ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ
[email protected]
ɏɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ȼ
ɪɹɞɭ ɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɨɜ-4 ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɤɚɤ
ɦɟɬɚɤɜɚɥɨɧ, ɦɨɬɨɥɟɧ, ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢɩɟɝɚɧɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ. [1]. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɵ-4 ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɦɛɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧ-4-ɨɧɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɚɬɨɦɭ ɚɡɨɬɚ N-3 ɢ ɚɬɨɦɭ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 4 [2-6].
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɦ ɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɚ-4 ɢ 2ɦɟɬɢɥɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɚ-4 ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ 3-ɚɥɤɢɥ2ɇ(ɦɟɬɢɥ)ɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɭ-4 ɢ 2ɇ(ɦɟɬɢɥ)-4-ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɢɧɭ.
O
OR'
NH
N
O
N
+ R'X
N
R'
+
R
N
R
N
R
Ȼɭɞɭɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ
ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ N/O ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ, ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. Ȼɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ɇɚɲɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɇ.Ⱦ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. Ⱥɛɭ Ⱥɥɢ ɢɛɧ ɋɢɧɨ. 1998.
2. Ɍ. 1, ɋ. 27, 204.
3. Lyga J.W. , Patera R.M. J.Fluor. Chem.1998, v.92, P.141
4. Ɇɚɯɦɭɞɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɢɫɫ…ɤaɧɞ. ɯɢɦ. ɧɚɭɤ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 1993
5. ɏɨɞɠɚɧɢɹɡɨɜ ɏ.ɍ., ɍɪɚɤɨɜ Ȼ.Ⱥ., ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ ɏ.Ɇ. ȾȺɇ Ɋɍɡ. 2000, N9, ɫ. 26.
6. ɗɝɚɦɨɜ Ⱦ.ɂ., ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ ɏ.Ɇ. ɍɡɛ. ɯɢɦ. ɠ. 1999, N1, ɫ. 26
7. ɍɪɚɤɨɜ Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɢɫɫ. ɤaɧɞ. ɯɢɦ. ɧɚɭɤ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬa., 1990.
334
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɎɍɄɈɁɈɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ ɈɅɂȽɈɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ɂɁ
ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɕɊɖə
Ɍ.ȼ. ɋɚɧɢɧɚ, Ɉ.ɋ. Ʉɨɪɧɟɟɜɚ
ȽɈɍ ȼɉɈ "ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ", ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ 10-15 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɮɭɤɨɡɵ - ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɮɭɤɨɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ. ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɵɯ,
ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ, ɚɧɬɢɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɭɫɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɨɜ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ «ɩɨɥɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɛɢɨɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɦ». Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ: ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɤɨɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɡ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ.
Ɏɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɛɭɪɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɹɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ Laminaria ɢ Fucus, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɯɥɨɪɟɥɥɵ ɢ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɵ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ Fucus vesiculosis ɢ Fucus evanescens. ɇɚɦɢ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧɚ ɢɡ F. vesiculosis ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɟɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɭɤɨɢɞɚɧ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 1,3-ɮɭɤɨɡɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɤɨɡɢɞɚɡɵ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɨɜ
ɢɦɟɸɬ 1,2-ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ. ȼ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ 1,3-ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɤɨɡɢɞɚɡɵ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ
ɛɢɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɤɨɡɵ ɢ ɮɭɤɨɨɥɢɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɭɤɨɡɢɞɚɡɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ» ɧɚ 2009-2013 ɝɨɞɵ, Ƚɨɫɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ
ʋ ɉ 260.
ɉȿɊɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɕ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ȽɂȾɊɈɄɋɂɗɌɂɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈ
ɄɊȺɏɆȺɅȺ, ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɋɌɊȺɇɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɁȺɌɊɍȾɇȿɇɇɕɆɂ ɎȿɇɈɅȺɆɂ
Ɉ.ɘ. ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɚ1, Ɇ.ɋ. Ɂɚɜɶɹɥɨɜɚ1, ɇ.ɋ. Ⱦɨɦɧɢɧɚ1, ȼ.Ȼ. ȼɨɥɶɟɜɚ2, ɂ.ɋ. Ȼɟɥɨɫɬɨɰɤɚɹ2,
ɇ.Ʌ. Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜɚ2, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɚ1
1 - ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ɇ.ɗɦɚɧɭɷɥɹ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ
ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɇɚɦɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ (ȽɆȺɈ), ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
335
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ (ɉɁɎ). ȼɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ȽɆȺɈ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ȽɆȺɈ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ ɢɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ
ɉɁɎ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɦ.
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɥɚɡɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝ ɢ ɞɚɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ (ɉɚɬɟɧɬ
ɊɎ ʋ 2273483, 2006ɝ).
ȼɁȺɂɆɈɋȼəɁɖ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɕ ɂ ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɇɈɃ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ
ɉɈɅɂɋȺɏȺɊɂȾɈȼ ɄɊȺɋɇɕɏ ȼɈȾɈɊɈɋɅȿɃ
ȿ.ȼ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɉ. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ, ɂ.Ɇ. ȿɪɦɚɤ
ɌɂȻɈɏ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ, ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ, ɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɹɞɚ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɞɢɟɬɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ.
Ʉɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ –
ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɦ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ –
ɤɚɩɩɚ-, ɥɹɦɛɞɚ-, ɤɚɩɩɚ/ɣɨɬɚ-, ɤɚɩɩɚ/ɛɟɬɚ- ɢ ɏ-ɬɢɩɚ – ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜ
Gigartinaceae ɢ Tichocarpaceae ɞɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɪɟɣ. ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ in vitro ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɠɟɥɟɡɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ, ɢ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ ɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɧɢɨɧ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɷɬɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɚ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨ-ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɠɟɥɟɡɨ- ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɚɩɩɚ/ɣɨɬɚ, ɨɬ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɟɫɬɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɥɹɦɛɞɚ- ɢ ɏ- ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɵ. ȼɫɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɫɭɩɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ ɜ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ. Ʉɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɧɢɨɧ-ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ, ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɟɫɬɟ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɚ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚ – ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ in vitro ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɪɚɝɢɧɚɧɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ
336
ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ȾȼɈ
ɊȺɇ «Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ – ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ», ɉɪɟɡɢɞɢɭɦɚ ɊȺɇ «Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɢ
ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ» ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɚɤɚɞ.ɘ.ɋ. Ɉɜɨɞɨɜɚ
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɎɂɁɂɄɈ-ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɂ ɎȺɊɆȺɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌȺ "ɆȿɇɌȺ-ɍ"
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɬɪɟɥɹɟɜɚ1, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɢɥɨɜ2, ȿ.Ȼ. Ʉɢɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ3, ȿ.Ⱦ. ɋɬɪɟɥɶɰɨɜɚ2, Ⱥ.Ɉ. əɤɨɜɥɟɜ1,
ɋ.ɋ. Ɂɭɟɜ1, ȼ.Ɇ. ɋɚɞɵɤɨɜ1
1 - Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɂ.Ɇ. ɋɟɱɟɧɨɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
2 - ɍɊȺɇ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ⱦ. Ɂɟɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
3 - ɍɊȺɇ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɞ ɢɦ. ɇ.ȼ. ɐɢɰɢɧɚ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɇɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ (ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ) ɦɹɬɵ
ɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ (Mentha piperita L., ɫɟɦ. ɹɫɧɨɬɤɨɜɵɟ - Lamiaceae), ɝɞɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɟɪɨɫɢɧ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ» ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɪɹɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ. ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ «ɉɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ», ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɪɚɥɝɢɢ, ɢɲɢɚɫɚ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɤɭɥɢɬɚ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ «Ɇɟɧɨɜɚɡɢɧ», ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ
ɛɨɥɟɭɬɨɥɹɸ-ɳɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ «Ɇɟɧɬɚ-ɍ». ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ 10 ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɰɟɜ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɜɪɚɥɝɢɟɣ, ɪɚɞɢɤɭɥɢɬɨɦ (ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ - ɷɯɢɧɨɤɨɤɤɨɡ).
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɦɹɬɵ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɦɢɧɭɬɵ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɢ ɢɫɱɟɡɥɢ ɭ 7-ɦɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɦɨɱɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ «Ɇɟɧɬɚ-ɍ».
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɢ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 100 ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɦɹɬɵ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɵ - ɦɟɧɬɨɧ (ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
2-ɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ), ɩɭɥɟɝɨɧ ɢ ɩɢɩɟɪɢɬɨɧ. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ: ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɮɢɪɦɵ Agilent
Technologies, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢɡ: 1) ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ 7890 (ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ HP-5, 50 ɦ x 320 ɦɤɦ
x 1.05 ɦɤɦ) ɢ 2) ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ 5975 C ɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ.
ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ NIST-05 ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ Ʉɨɜɚɱɚ; ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ (%) ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɦɹɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɵɦ ɦɟɬɢ-ɥɟɧɨɦ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ (ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɚ Mentha L.) ɦɚɠɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɧɬɨɥ (ɢ
ɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ), ɧɢ ɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ, ɧɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɯɥɨɪɢɫ-ɬɵɦ
ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ.
ȼ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ (ɩɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ. Ɉɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɟ
Hitachi U 1900 ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 2 ɧɦ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 1200 ɧɦ/ɦɢɧ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ Ȝ ɨɬ 1100 ɞɨ 200 ɧɦ.
ȼ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ Ȝ = 266 ɢ 216 ɧɦ ɫ
ɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ A = 3.40 ɢ 1.14 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɬɪɨɥɟɭɦ-EtOH
337
1:500). ȼ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɦɹɬɵ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 1100 ɞɨ 200 ɧɦ (ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ-EtOH 1:50) ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɟ
ɩɢɤɢ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚɦɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ Ȝ = 667, 609, 560, 534, 505, 471 ɢ 408 ɧɦ ɫ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ = 0.54, 0.12, 0.09, 0.13, 0.18, 0.27 ɢ 1.01 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɦɹɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɮɟɨɮɢɬɢɧɭ a.
ɉɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɦɹɬɵ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɝɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ.
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɎɂɌɈɋɌȿɊɂɇɈȼ ȼ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿ ɋɕɊɖə ȾɅə ɋɂɇɌȿɁȺ
ȼɕɋɈɄɈȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ 14ȺɅɖɎȺ-ȽɂȾɊɈɄɋɂɅɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏ ɋɌȿɊɈɂȾɇɕɏ
ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ
Ɍ.ɋ. ɋɬɵɰɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.ȼ. əɞɟɪɟɰ, ɇ.ȿ. ȼɨɣɲɜɢɥɥɨ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧɢɧɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɧɞɪɸɲɢɧɚ
ɐɟɧɬɪ Ȼɢɨɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
Ⱦɥɹ 14Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɝɧɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ
ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɝɟɫɬɚɝɟɧɧɚɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɚɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ. ɇɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɮɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɢɧɨɜ (Ɏɋ) ɜ 14Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɵ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɚɧɬɢɝɨɧɚɞɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɥɢɝɟɫɬɨɧɚ (ɉȽ), ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ 2 ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ: ɨɬɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɚɥɤɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ Ɏɋ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ 17-ɤɟɬɨɚɧɞɪɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ: ɚɧɞɪɨɫɬ-4ɟɧ-3,17-ɞɢɨɧɚ (ȺȾ), 1-ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨ-ȺȾ (ȺȾȾ) ɢ 9Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȾ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɤɬɢɧɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ
Mycobacterium neoaurum ȼɄɉɆ Ⱥɫ-1634 ɢ Ⱥɫ-1656 ɢ Rhodococcus erythropolis ȼɄɉɆ Ac1740 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɰɟɥɢɟɦ ɩɥɟɫɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɢɛɚ
Curvularia lunata ȼɄɉɆ F-981. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɱɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɤɨɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ Ɏɋ ɜ ȺȾ ɡɚ 144 ɱ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ
30 ɝ/ɥ ɫɪɟɞɵ, Ɏɋ ɞɨ ȺȾȾ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ 10 ɝ/ɥ ɡɚ 72 ɱ, ȺȾ ɞɨ 9Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȾ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ
20 ɝ/ɥ ɡɚ 50 ɱ ɢ 14Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 6 ɝ/ɥ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30-48 ɱ. ɂɡ 14Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȾ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ
ɉȽ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ: ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɝɧɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɫ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ
ɤɟɬɨɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɩɪɢ
ɋ-3
ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɩɢɥɢɞɟɧɞɢɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ 14Į- ɢ 17Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɢɡ 14Į-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȾȾ ɢ 9Į,14Į-ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȾ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 1-ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨ- ɢ 9Įɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɉȽ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɈɅɂɉɊȿɇɈɅɕ ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɋȿɆ. MALVACEAE ɄȺɄ
ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɕȿ ɋɌɂɆɍɅəɌɈɊɕ ɊȿȽȿɇȿɊȺɌɈɊɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ
ȼ.ɇ. ɋɵɪɨɜ, Ɂ.Ⱥ. ɏɭɲɛɚɤɬɨɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɚɣɫ, ɇ.ȼ. Ɍɭɪɫɭɧɨɜɚ, ɇ.Ʉ. ɏɢɞɵɪɨɜɚ,
Ɋ.ɏ. ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ.ɚɤɚɞ.ɋ.ɘ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ ȺɇɊɍɡ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɉɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɵ (ɉɉ) ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ-ɸɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɥɢɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɦ. Malvaceae: Alhtaea, Alceae, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɝɨɦɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɫ
ɢɡɨɩɪɟɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ n=9-12. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɉɉ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɭ ɤɪɵɫ (180-200 ɝ) ɫ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ, ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ
338
ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɉɉ
ɩɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ (50% ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɥɟ) ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɛɰɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɧ (ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɪɚɧɨɬɟɧɡɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ) ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɦɭ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɪɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɠɢ ɭ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɧɚɦɢ (ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɥɚɧɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ). ɉɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɉɉ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ (10 ɦɝ/ɤɝ) ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɢɯ ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɝɚɫɬɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭ ɤɪɵɫ ɫ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɨɪɬɢɡɨɧ-ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɝɚɫɬɪɢɬɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɧɬɢɭɥɶɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɩɢɧɨɦ, ɚɬɨɮɚɧɨɦ, ɛɭɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɦ
(ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɨɫɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ: ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɯ, ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɢɞɧɵɯ).
ɉɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɉɉ ɤɪɵɫɚɦ ɫ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɝɟɥɢɨɬɪɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɯɥɨɪɦɟɬɚɧɨɦ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ (ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɝɢɩɟɪɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɟɦɢɹ,
ɝɢɩɨɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɟɦɢɹ, ɝɢɩɟɪɛɢɥɢɪɭɛɢɧɟɦɢɹ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɠɟɥɱɟɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɫɵ). ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɉ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɠɟ, ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɟ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ – ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɊɇɄ, ɛɟɥɤɚ ɢ ɝɥɢɤɨɝɟɧɚ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɱɟɬɤɢɣ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ - ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɥɢɩɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɉɉ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɭ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɩɪɟɧɢɥɭ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɉ ɯɜɨɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ, ɁȺɈ «Ɇɢɤɪɨ-ɩɥɸɫ» ɩɪɢ ɇɂɂ ɗɆ ɢɦ.Ƚɚɦɚɥɟɢ ɊȺɆɇ).
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɉɉ ɜ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɧɨɥɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ.
ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɇȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɅȿɄȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ȼ ɋȼəɁɂ
ɋ ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɎɍɇɄɐɂəɆɂ ɂɏ ɈɊȽȺɇɈȼ
ɇ.ɉ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜ1, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʌɚɩɢɧ2
1 - Ʉɏ ȻɂɈ - ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.ȿ. Ⱥɪɛɭɡɨɜɚ Ʉɚɡɇɐ ɊȺɇ, ɝ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ
[email protected]
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɸ, ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɜɚɡɢɸ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɤɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɇɟɦɰɨɜɚ, 2006).
Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɠɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ. ȼ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ.
ɐɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ (ȺɈȺ) ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɭɥɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ȺɈ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɵɪɶɟ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ 38 ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ 11 ɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ: ɚ) ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ
339
ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦ; ɛ) ɢɡ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ,
ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ (Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ); ɛ) ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞ
ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɟɜɟɪ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɪɨɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɭɥɨɧɨɦɟɬɪ "ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬ-006-ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ"
ɈɈɈ "ɗɤɨɧɢɤɫ-ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬ" (ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ), ɩɨ Ɇȼɂ-001-44538054-07. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ȺɈȺ ɩɨ ɪɭɬɢɧɭ (ɝ ɧɚ 100 ɝ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ).
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ʌɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ 17 ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ 3 ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ȺɈȺ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɢɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ. ɇɚɢɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɢɡ ɫɟɦ. Asteraceae (1-ɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ) – Rhaponticum carthamoides (ɥɟɜɡɟɹ
ɫɚɮɥɨɪɨɜɢɞɧɚɹ) ɢ Serratula coronata (ɫɟɪɩɭɯɚ ɜɟɧɰɟɧɨɫɧɚɹ). ȼ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ɷɬɢɯ 2-ɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ȺɈȺ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ: ɚ) ɭ R. carthamoides – ɫɟɦɟɧɚ (23.1 ɝ), ɤɨɪɧɟɜɢɳɟ (23.0
ɝ), ɤɨɪɧɢ (18.6 ɝ), ɩɨɱɤɢ ɡɢɦɭɸɳɢɟ (19.6 ɝ), ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɪɚɧɧɟɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ (20.3 ɝ); ɛ) ɭ
S. coronata – ɫɟɦɟɧɚ (13.8 ɝ) ɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ (14.6 ɝ).
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ȺɈȺ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɭ R. carthamoides (ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɢ
ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ), ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ
Ƚɨɪɧɨɦ Ⱥɥɬɚɟ (18.7-19.2 ɝ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɟɜɟɪ (18.6-23.0 ɝ),
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȺɈȺ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬ 2.5 ɞɨ 13.1 ɪɚɡ. ɍ S. coronata
(ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɭ ɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɸ), ȺɈȺ
ɨɬɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɧɚ 40 % ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ R. carthamoides.
2-ɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɨɣ
ɮɥɨɪɵ, ɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɵ, ɧɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ,
ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɨɦ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ (ɜ 2-3 ɪɚɡɚ) ɭɫɬɭɩɚɥɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦ 1-ɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (4.8-9.3 ɝ). ɗɬɨ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɲɚɥɮɟɹ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (Salvia officinalis) ɢ ɬɨɩɢɧɚɦɛɭɪɚ ɤɥɭɛɧɟɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ (Helianthus tuberosus), ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɜɚ ɡɜɟɪɨɛɨɹ ɩɪɨɞɵɪɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ (Hypericum perforatum). ɑɚɣɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ (Camellia
chinesis) ɢ ɤɨɪɚ ɞɭɛɚ ɱɟɪɟɲɱɚɬɨɝɨ (Quercus robur), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ (18-25% ɬɚɧɧɢɧɨɜ), ɭɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ R. carthamoides ɩɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ȺɈȺ ɜ 3 ɢ 5 ɪɚɡ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ (9.3 ɝ) ɫɪɟɞɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ S. officinalis.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (Ɋɚɝɚɠɢɧɫɤɟɧɟ ɢ ɞɪ., 2001) – ɫɪɟɞɢ 215
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Ʉɚɭɧɚɫɫɤɨɝɨ Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ 163 ɪɨɞɚɦ ɢ 60 ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɦ, ɩɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ȺɈȺ (ȾɎɉȽ-ɦɟɬɨɞ) ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɲɚɥɮɟɹ (Salvia officinalis,
S. glutinosa) ɢ ɥɚɩɱɚɬɤɢ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ (Potentilla fruticosa). P. fruticosa ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɝɨɪɵ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
3-ɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɪɵ (ɫɨɰɜɟɬɢɹ, ɰɜɟɬɤɢ, ɩɥɨɞɵ), ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɧɟ
ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȺɈȺ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ,
ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɚɦɢ, ɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚɦɢ, ɜ 5-12 ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ R.
carthamoides (1.8-3.9 ɝ). ɗɬɨ ɫɨɰɜɟɬɢɹ ɯɦɟɥɹ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (Humulus lupulus), ɪɨɦɚɲɤɢ
ɚɩɬɟɱɧɨɣ (Matricaria matricarioides), ɩɢɠɦɵ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ (Tanacetum vulgare), ɤɚɥɟɧɞɭɥɵ
ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ (Calendula officinalis), ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɢɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (Achillea millefolium);
ɬɪɚɜɚ ɩɭɫɬɵɪɧɢɤɚ ɩɹɬɢɥɨɩɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ (Leonurus quinquelobatus) ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
(Chelidonium majus); ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (Plantago major).
ɇɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ȺɈȺ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɨɥɢɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥɚ (ɩɥɨɞɵ ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤɚ Rosa cinnamomea,
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧ ɋ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɚɥɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜ
ɜɨɞɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ ɩɨɜɢɫɥɨɣ Betula verrucosa). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ "ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ" ɬɪɚɜɹɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ
ȺɈȺ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɛɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (Ʌɚɩɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ., 2007). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ
340
ɲɜɟɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɮɥɚɜɨɧɨɢɞɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɜɟɪɰɟɬɢɧɚ) ɜ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɜɟɥɢɤ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ (Halliwell, 2005).
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ȺɈȺ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ,
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ȺɈȺ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ
R. carthamoides. Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɣ
ɚɥɶɩɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɥɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɛɚɥɶɩɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɝɨɪ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ, Ʉɢɬɚɹ. ȼɢɞ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɨɬ 1200 ɞɨ 3000 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭ.ɦ., ɜ 35-100 ɦ ɨɬ ɤɪɚɹ ɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɥɟɞɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȺɈȺ (19-23 ɝ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɚɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ –
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ȺɈȺ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ – ɫɟɦɟɧɚ, ɤɨɪɧɟɜɢɳɟ ɫ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɢɦɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɧɨɨɬɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ
ɥɢɫɬɶɹ. ɍ ɥɟɬɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ R. carthamoides (ɰɜɟɬɨɥɨɠɟ ɢ
ɜɟɧɱɢɤɢ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜ) ȺɈȺ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ (7.6-9.7 ɝ). Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɛɥɟɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ – ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜ 8-10 ɪɚɡ (4.0-4.3 ɝ).
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ȺɈȺ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɦɹɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ
ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɣ ɨɬ ɝɭɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɚ, ɧɟɦɚɬɨɞɵ,
ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ pH, Al, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ, ɡɚɦɨɪɨɡɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɨɥɹɰɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).
Ʌɢɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɦɢ-ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɝɞɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɸ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɨɜ, ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɤɞɢɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɚɦɢ. ɀɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ (ɞɨ 20-50 ɥɟɬ) ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨ-ɫɚɩɪɨɮɢɬɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ.
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ȺɈȺ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɞɨɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɵ. Ɇɢɤɨɪɢɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ
ɧɚɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. ȼ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɚɩɨɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ-ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫ ɦɢɤɨɪɢɡɨɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ȺɈ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ
ɊɎɎɂ ɢ Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (Ƚɪɚɧɬ ʋ 08-04-98840).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. 1). ɇɟɦɰɨɜɚ ȿ.Ɋ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮ…ɞɢɫ. ɛɢɨɥ.
ɧɚɭɤ, 2006. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɇɂɂɈɂ ɢɦ. ɉ.Ⱥ.Ƚɟɪɰɟɧɚ, 47 ɫ. 2). Ʌɚɩɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ // ɏɢɦɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ, 2007, 2:
79-83. 3). Halliwell B., Rafter J., Jenner A. Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols,
tocotrienols, and other phenols: direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not? // American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005, 81(1): 268-276.
341
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɋɈȿȾɂɇȿɇɂɃ ȻɂɈɆȿɌȺɅɅɈȼ ɐɂɇɄȺ ɂ ɆȺɊȽȺɇɐȺ C
ȺɅɅɈɎȺɇȺɆɂȾɈɆ ɂ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɂɏ ɎɂɁɂɄɈ-ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ
Ʉ.ɋ. Ɍɭɪɫɭɧɚɥɢɟɜɚ1, Ʉ.ɋ. ɋɭɥɚɣɦɚɧɤɭɥɨɜ2
1 - Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɇȺɇ ɄɊ, ɝ.Ȼɢɲɤɟɤ, Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
[email protected]
ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɤɨɪɦɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɫ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɚɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɚɥɥɨɮɚɧɚɦɢɞɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ 25ɨɋ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɢɧɤɨɧɝɪɭɷɧɬɧɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
Me(HCOO)2*NH(CONH2)2 , ɝɞɟ Me= Zn, Mn,. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɂɄɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ, ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ.
Ⱥɥɥɨɮɚɧɚɦɢɞ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɧɨɞɟɧɬɚɬɧɵɣ, ɛɢɞɟɧɬɚɬɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɥɢɝɚɧɞ. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɂɄ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ
ɬɚɭɬɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɚɥɥɨɮɚɧɚɦɢɞɚ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɚɥɥɨɮɚɧɚɦɢɞɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɚɬɨɦɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɋ=Ɉ ɧɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɇɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ Me(HCOO)2 * NH(CONH2)2 ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɢ 145-700ɨɋ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɧɞɨɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɢ 145ɨɋ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ. ȼ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
200-250ɨɋ ɚɥɥɨɮɚɧɚɦɢɞ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ, ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ
ɰɢɚɧɭɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ȾɌȺ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 370-700ɨɋ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɚɬɨɜ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ - MeO.
ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɇɈȿ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿ ɅȿɌɍɑɂɏ ɗɎɂɊɇɕɏ ɆȺɋȿɅ
ɊȺɋɌɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɂɋɏɈɀȾȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿ ɋɉɈɇɌȺɇɇɈȽɈ
ɅȿɃɄɈɁȺ ɍ ɆɕɒȿɃ
Ʌ.Ⱦ. Ɏɚɬɤɭɥɥɢɧɚ, Ɍ.Ⱥ. Ɇɢɲɚɪɢɧɚ, ȿ.Ȼ. Ȼɭɪɥɚɤɨɜɚ, ȼ.ɇ. ȿɪɨɯɢɧ, Ⱥ.Ʉ. ȼɨɪɨɛɶɟɜɚ,
Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɪɟɦɟɧɰɨɜɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ, Ɇ.Ȼ. Ɍɟɪɟɧɢɧɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ɇ. ɗɦɚɧɭɷɥɹ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɚɜɵ, ɩɪɹɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɯ
ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɥɚɦ (ɗɆ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɩɪɹɧɨ-ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɗɆ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɣ
ɥɟɣɤɨɡ ɭ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɪɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ AKR. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɚɧɬɢɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɗɆ ɱɚɛɟɪɚ ɫɚɞɨɜɨɝɨ (Satureja hortensis L.), ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ
ɩɢɬɶɟɜɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɦ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɦɵɲɟɣ AKR, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ
342
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɜ
ɤɪɨɜɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɫɨ
ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɥɟɣɤɨɡɨɦ ɧɚ 20% ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ (ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 3 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ) ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɗɆ ɱɚɛɟɪɚ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ 14 -37%. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɌȻɄ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɚɯ ɦɵɲɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɲɢɯ ɗɆ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ
ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɵ (ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɚɫɥɨ ɱɚɛɟɪɚ), ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɜ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ȺɇȺɅɈȽɈȼ ɉɍɊɂɇɈȼɕɏ
ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɈȼ
Ɏ.Ⱥ. ɏɚɥɢɭɥɥɢɧ, ɘ.ȼ. ɒɚɛɚɥɢɧɚ, Ɋ.Ⱥ. Ƚɭɛɚɟɜɚ, Ɋ.Ɇ. ɒɚɪɚɮɭɬɞɢɧɨɜ, Ⱦ.Ɂ. Ɇɭɪɚɬɚɟɜ
Ȼɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ.ɍɮɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
[email protected]
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɭɪɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ: ɤɨɮɟɢɧɚ, ɬɟɨɮɢɥɥɢɧɚ
ɢ ɬɟɨɛɪɨɦɢɧɚ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɥ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – ɩɟɧɬɨɤɫɢɮɢɥɥɢɧɚ, ɤɫɚɧɬɢɧɨɥɚ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɚɬɚ, ɷɭɮɢɥɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɬɢɟɬɚɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɩɭɪɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ.
Ɍɢɟɬɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ 8-ɛɪɨɦ-3-ɦɟɬɢɥɤɫɚɧɬɢɧɚ ɫ 2ɯɥɨɪɦɟɬɢɥɬɢɢɪɚɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɢɢɪɚɧ-ɬɢɟɬɚɧɨɜɨɣ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
O
HN
O
O
S
NH
N N
CH3
Cl
HN
Br
O
N
N N
CH3
R N
O
N
N N
CH3
Br
O
O
R-Hlg
S
S
HNu
R N
O
Br
S
N
N N
CH3
Nu
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɤɚɥɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ 8-ɛɪɨɦ-3-ɦɟɬɢɥ-7-(ɬɢɟɬɚɧɢɥ-3)ɤɫɚɧɬɢɧɚ ɫ
ɚɥɤɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ 1-ɚɥɤɢɥ-8-ɛɪɨɦ-3-ɦɟɬɢɥ-7-(ɬɢɟɬɚɧɢɥ-3)ɤɫɚɧɬɢɧɵ,
ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɨɦɚ
ɛɪɨɦɚ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵ ɫɤɪɢɧɢɧɝɭ ɝɟɦɨɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ,
ɝɟɩɚɬɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɝɟɦɨɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɝɟɩɚɬɨɬɪɨɩɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɬɢɟɬɚɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɭɪɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ.
343
ɈȻ ȺɇɌɂȽɂɉɈɄɋɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺɏ ɉɊɈȺɇɌɈɐɂȺɇɂȾɂɇɈȼ ɂɁ
ɊȺɋɌȿɇɂɃ ɐȿɇɌɊȺɅɖɇɈ-ȺɁɂȺɌɋɄɈȽɈ ɊȿȽɂɈɇȺ
Ɂ.Ⱥ. ɏɭɲɛɚɤɬɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ɇɚɪɛɭɬɚɟɜɚ, ɋ.ɋ. ɇɚɡɪɭɥɥɚɟɜ, Ɂ.ɋ. ɇɢɲɚɧɛɚɟɜ, ɒ.ɒ. ɋɚɝɞɭɥɥɚɟɜ,
ȼ.ɇ. ɋɵɪɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ.ɚɤɚɞ. ɋ.ɘ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɉɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɨɞɢɨɥɵ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ (Rhodiola Semenovii Regel. et
Herd.), ɪɨɞɢɨɥɵ ɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ (Rhodiola rjsea L.) ɜɟɪɛɥɸɠɶɟɣ ɤɨɥɸɱɤɢ (Alhagi pseudalhagi
(Bieb.) Fisch), ɪoɞɢɨɥɵ ɩɚɦɢɪɨɚɥɚɣɫɤɨɣ (Rhodiola pamiroalaica Boriss), ɩɥɚɬɚɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
(Plautanus orientalis L.), ɝɨɪɰɚ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ (Polygonum coriarum Grig), ɤɨɪɵ ɞɭɛɚ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (Quercus robur), ɝɪɚɧɚɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ (Punica granatum L.) ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɚɦ,
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ
ɢɡ
ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɨɜɵɯ-ɷɩɢɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɨɜɵɯ,
ɷɩɢɝɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɨɜɨ-ɝɚɥɥɨɤɚɬɟɯɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ
ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫ ɝɚɥɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɚɡɨɬɚ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ, ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɣ, ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɉɆɊ ɢ əɆɊ ɋ¹³ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ). ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ,
ɚɧɬɢɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɢɩɨɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɢɧɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɧɨɪɦɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɭ ɦɵɲɟɣ, ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 20 ɦɝ/ɤɝ
(ɜɧɭɬɪɢɛɪɸɲɢɧɧɨ) ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ 1,25-1,35 ɪɚɡ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ. ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ (ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɫɤɢɣ, 1978) ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɜ ɪɨɞɢɨɥɵ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ, ɝɨɪɰɚ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɤɨɪɵ ɞɭɛɚ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɚɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ
ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɨɬ ɚɧɬɢɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɤɪɵɫ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɭɬɢɦɢɧ. ɗɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ
ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬɚ ɜ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɤɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ, ɧɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ,
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɟɣ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬɚ,
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɬɨɰɢɚɧɢɞɢɧɵ ɪɨɞɢɨɥɵ
ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ, ɝɨɪɰɚ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɤɨɪɵ ɞɭɛɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɚɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
ȺɆɂɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɐɂȺɇɈȽɍȺɇɂȾɂɇȺ, ɉɊɈɆɈɌɂɊɍȿɆɈȿ ɉɅȺɌɂɇɈɃ(II)
Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɐɯɨɜɪɟɛɨɜ, ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɤɚɱ, ȼ.ɘ. Ʉɭɤɭɲɤɢɧ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʌɟɝɢɧ, Ⱥ.ɇ. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜ
ɋɉɛȽɍ
[email protected]
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɰɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɦ (NŁCN=C(NH)2) ɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
NŁCR ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ. ɐɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
(ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɧɢɬɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɵ). ɐɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ,
ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɨɩɭɯɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɸ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɚ.
344
Ȼɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɩɥɚɬɢɧɟ(II) ɰɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ (ɋɯɟɦɚ 1). ȼ
EtOH ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɢɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɹ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɸɸ
ɧɟɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɭɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɰɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɚ, ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɰɢɤɥ. ȼ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ
ɚɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɚ ɰɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɧɞɚ, ɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ
ɛɢɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɧɨɞɟɧɬɚɬɧɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ
ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧɚ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɢɚɡɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɨɜ).
ɋɯɟɦɚ 1
ȼ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɜ ɤ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɰɢɚɧɨɝɭɚɧɢɞɢɧɭ (ɋɯɟɦɚ 1). Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɞ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɬɚɦ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɭɱɺɧɵɯ
(MK-643.2009.3) ɢ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ 09-03-00065).
Tskhovrebov, A. G.; Bokach, N. A.; Haukka, M.; Kukushkin, V. Yu. Different Routes for
Amination of Platinum(II)-bound Cyanoguanidine, Inorganic Chemistry, 2009, 48, 86788688.
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ɂɁɈȻɈɊɇɂɅɎȿɇɈɅɈȼ ɂ ɂɏ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺə ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ
Ʌ.ɇ. ɒɢɲɤɢɧɚ1, Ʌ.ɂ. Ɇɚɡɚɥɟɰɤɚɹ1, ɇ.ɂ. ɒɟɥɭɞɱɟɧɤɨ1, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɱɢɧ2, ɂ.ɘ. ɑɭɤɢɱɟɜɚ2,
Ɉ.Ƚ. ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ3
1 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɢɦ. ɇ.Ɇ. ɗɦɚɧɭɷɥɹ ɊȺɇ
2 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
3 - ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢ ɇɐ ɍɪɈ ɊȺɇ
[email protected]
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ in vivo. Ʉ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɚɦ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɤɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɭ.
345
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɫ ɢɯ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɞɨɡɚɯ 100 ɦɤɆ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɡ
ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫ 2-ɬɢɨɛɚɪɛɢɬɭɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ (ɌȻɄ-Ⱥɉ). ɂɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ: 2-(1,7,7ɬɪɢɦɟɬɢɥɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[2,2,1]ɝɟɩɬ-ɷɤɡɨ-2-ɢɥ)ɨɤɫɢɮɟɧɨɥ (ɌɎ-1); 4-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2-(1,7,7-ɬɪɢɦɟɬɢɥɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[2,2,1]ɝɟɩɬ-ɷɤɡɨ-2-ɢɥ)ɮɟɧɨɥ
(ɌɎ-5);
4-ɦɟɬɢɥ-2,6-ɞɢ-(1,7,7-ɬɪɢɦɟɬɢɥɛɢɰɢɤɥɨ[2,2,1]-ɝɟɩɬ-ɷɤɡɨ-2-ɢɥ)ɮɟɧɨɥ (ɌɎ-7); ɢ 4-ɦɟɬɢɥ2,6-ɞɢɬɪɟɬ.ɛɭɬɢɥ-ɮɟɧɨɥ (ɢɨɧɨɥ).
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɚɦɢ
ɷɬɢɥɛɟɧɡɨɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ (0,4 – 27,5)u104 ɥ/ɦɨɥɶ.ɫ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɹɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɌȻɄ-Ⱥɉ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɌɎ-1, ɌɎ-7 ɢ ɢɨɧɨɥ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɬ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɡ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ,
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɡɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɌɎ-5, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɜ ɨ-ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɬ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɡ
ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ, ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɡɚ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ, ɢɯ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɨɪɧɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɭ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɚ.
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ȾɂɁȺɃɇ ɏɂɇȺɁɈɅɂɇɈȼɕɏ ȺɅɄȺɅɈɂȾɈȼ ɂ ɂɏ ȺɇȺɅɈȽɈȼ
Ȼ.ɀ. ɗɥɦɭɪɚɞɨɜ, ɏ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɡɨɪɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɒ. Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɡɚɤɨɜ, ɀ.ɗ. Ɍɭɪɞɢɛɚɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ɉ. ɇɚɫɪɭɥɥɚɟɜ,
ɑ.ɗ. Ɇɚɯɦɚɞɢɺɪɨɜɚ, ɏ.Ɇ. ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɋ.ɘ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ1-3.
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢɩɟɝɚɧɢɧɚ, ɞɟɡɨɤɫɢɜɚɡɢɰɢɧɨɧɚ, ɦɚɤɢɧɚɡɨɥɢɧɚ, ɦɚɤɢɧɚɡɨɥɢɧɨɧɚ,
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Peganum harmala ɢ Mackinlaya subulata Philipson, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ
ɬɢɨɮɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ (ɬɢɟɧɨɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧɨɧɨɜ) ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ4,5.
X
N
A
R1
(CH2)n
N
R3
;
A:
R4
S
R2
X=H2, O, S; n=1, 2, 3; R1=H, Br, NO2, NH2, CH3CONH, C6H5CONH;
R2=Br; R3=R4=CH3; R3+R4=(CH2)m; m=3, 4, 5
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ 2,3ɩɨɥɢɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɯɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɨɜ-4, ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɞɨɧɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ 6- ɢ\ɢɥɢ 6,8- ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ
ɬɢɨɮɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ (ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ) ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɧɭɤɥɟɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɞɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ (ɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɯ)
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ (ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɹɞɪɨ, N-1, ɋ4=Ɉ, ɋ4=S ɢ C4ɇ2,
ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜ D-ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). Ȼɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
346
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ʌ. ɇ. əɯɨɧɬɨɜ, ɋ. ɋ. Ʌɢɛɟɪɦɚɧ, Ƚ. ɉ. ɀɢɯɚɪɟɜɚ, Ʉ. Ʉ. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɚ, ɏɢɦ.-ɮɚɪɦ.ɠɭɪɧ., ʋ5,
14 (1977)
2. ɇ. Ɍɭɥɹɝɚɧɨɜ, Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, Ɏɚɧ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 1979, 71 ɫ.
3. Ɇ. ȼ. Ɍɟɥɟɠɟɧɟɰɤɚɹ, ɋ. ɘ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜ, ɏɢɦɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ.ɫɨɟɞɢɧ., 731 (1977)
4. Ⱥ.ɫ. 605614 (ɋɋɋɊ). Ⱥɧɬɢɯɨɥɢɧɷɫɬɟɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ// ɋ. ɘ. ɘɧɭɫɨɜ, ɇ. Ɍɭɥɹɝɚɧɨɜ, Ɇ.
ȼ. Ɍɟɥɟɠɟɧɟɰɤɚɹ, Ɏ. ɋɚɞɪɢɬɞɢɧɨɜ, ɏ. ɏɚɲɢɦɨɜ, Ɉɩɭɛɥ. ɜ Ȼ.ɂ. ʋ17, (1978)
5. ɏ. Ɇ. ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ, ɏɢɧɚɡɨɥɨɧɵ-4 ɢ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, Ɏɚɧ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, 1988,
87 ɫ.
ɋɂɇɌȿɁ ɇɈȼɕɏ Ⱥ-ȺɊɂɅɂȾȿɇ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ 5,6ɌɊɂɆȿɌɂɅȿɇɌɂȿɇɈ[2,3-D]ɌȿɌɊȺȽɂȾɊɈɉɂɊɂȾɈ[1,2-Ⱥ] ɉɂɊɂɆɂȾɂɇ-4-ɈɇȺ
Ȼ.ɀ. ɗɥɦɭɪɚɞɨɜ, ɏ.Ⱥ. Ȼɨɡɨɪɨɜ, ɏ.Ɇ. ɒɚɯɢɞɨɹɬɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦ. ɋ.ɘ.ɘɧɭɫɨɜɚ Ⱥɇ Ɋɍɡ, Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
[email protected]
Ɍɢɟɧɨɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧ-4-ɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɧɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ1,2, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ3,4.
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɹ 5,6-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ-, -ɬɪɢ-, -ɬɟɬɪɚ-, ɩɟɧɬɚɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɢɟɧɨ[2,3-d]ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɩɢɪɪɨɥɨ[1,2-a]ɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧ-4-ɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚɦɢ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ D-ɚɪɢɥɢɞɟɧɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ5.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɵ ɢɡɭɱɢɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5,6-ɬɪɢɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɬɢɟɧɨ[2,3d]ɬɟɬɪɚɝɢɞɪɨɩɢɪɢɞɨ[1,2-a]ɩɢɪɢɦɢɞɢɧ-4-ɨɧɚ (1) – ɬɢɨɮɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɚɥɤɚɥɨɢɞɚ
Mackinazolinone (ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ Mackinlaya species)6, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɫ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚɦɢ (ɛɟɧɡɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ; 4-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧɨɛɟɧɡɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ; 3,4-ɞɢɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɛɟɧɡɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ;
ɩɢɩɟɪɨɧɚɥ ɢ ɮɭɪɮɭɪɨɥ; i-v). ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɢ
ɢɞɟɬ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɜ ɧ-ɩɪɨɩɢɥɨɜɨɦ ɫɩɢɪɬɟ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɠɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɤɢɫɢ
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ 2-6:
O
N
1
S
N
C3H7OH\NaOH\t0
O
i
O
N
N
N
2
O
ii
N
N
CH
3
O
iii
4
N
N
N
CH
N
N
5
CH
v
O
iv
6
CH
CH
O
OCH3
N(CH3)2
OCH3
O
O
i, benzaldehyde; ii, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde; iii, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde;
iv, 3,4-methylendioxybenzaldehyde (piperonal); v, furfural
Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ, ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɥɶɰɟ
ɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɚ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ȻȺɋ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Csukonyi K., Lazar J., Bernath G., Hermecz I. & Meszaros, Z. Monatsh. Chem., 1986, 117,
pp.1295–1303.
2. Shvedov V.I., Kharizomenova I.A. & Grinev A.N. Khim. Get.Soedin., 1975, pp.765–766.
347
3. Kapustina M.V., Kharizomenova I.A., Shvedov V.I., Radkevich T.P. & Shipilova L.D.
Pharm. Chem. J., 1992, 26, pp.73–75.
4. Lilienkampf A., Heikkinen S., Mutikainen I. & Wähäla K. Synthesis, 2007, pp. 2699–2705.
5. Bozorov Kh.A., Elmuradov B.Zh., Okmanov R.Ya., Tashkhodjaev B. & Shakhidoyatov
Kh.M. 8th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Turkey, 2009, P168.
6. Fitzgerald I.S., Johns S.R., Lamberton J.A., Radcliffe A.H. Austral. J. Chem. 1966, Vol.19,
ʋ1, pp.151-153.
1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS TO ORGANONITRILES LEADING
TO HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL
PHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: THEORETICAL ASPECTS
M.L. Kuznetsov
Instituto Superior Tecnico, Centro de Quimica Estrutural, TU Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
[email protected]
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions (CA) to organonitriles (RCN) play an important role for the
synthesis of heterocyclic products with extended pharmacological application such as tetrazoles
and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. However, the reactions of only three types of 1,3-dipoles (azides, nitrile
oxides and nitrones) with nitriles are investigated to date. The CAs of dipoles of other types to
RCN is still unexplored area despite these processes might eventually result in the isolation of
new heterocyclic systems exhibiting biological activity. In this work, a systematic study of CAs
of nitriles with the whole series of twelve 1,3-dipoles of allyl-anion type (X=Y+–Z– X, Z = CH2,
NH, O; Y = NMe, O) was undertaken by theoretical (B3LYP) methods and a number of
practically useful predictions are made.
Three types of dipoles (NHN(Me)NH, NHN(Me)O and ON(Me)O) were predicted to be innert
towards free acetonitrile due to high activation barriers ('Gz = 41.2–60.7 kcal/mol) and positive
reaction energies. The dipoles NHOO, NHONH, CH2N(Me)NH, OOO and CH2N(Me)O should
have moderate to low reactivities ('Gz = 23.7–31.5 kcal/mol), while CH2OO, CH2ONH,
CH2OCH2 and CH2N(Me)CH2 were found as the most reactive dipoles ('Gz = 11.6–19.0
kcal/mol). The thermodynamic stability of the cyclic products decreases along the row of
dipoles: CH2OCH2 – CH2ONH – CH2OO – CH2N(Me)CH2 – NHONH – CH2N(Me)NH – OOO
– CH2N(Me)O – NHN(Me)NH – NHN(Me)O – ON(Me)O, three latter being endoergonic
species. Hypothetical products of CA of NHOO to nitriles cannot exist when uncomplexed.
The ligation of RCN to a Lewis acid (e.g. PtII or PtIV) may affect the reaction rates and stability
of CA products. It was found that this type of reactant activation should greatly accelerate the
reactions of CH2N(Me)O and CH2N(Me)NH also providing a significant stabilization of the CA
products opening up a facile route for the synthesis of poorly explored 1,2,4-oxadiazolines and
1,2,4-triazolines. The activation is moderate for CAs of CH2N(Me)CH2 and CH2ONH and low
for the reactions of CH2OCH2, CH2OO and NHONH. The CAs of NHOO and OOO are inhibited
upon nitrile coordination. Finally, dipoles NHN(Me)NH, NHN(Me)O and ON(Me)O remain
completely inert even towards nitriles bound to the metal.
348
A ROUTE TO NOVEL PALLADOCARBENES BASED ON A [2 + 3] CYCLOADDITION
OF NITRONES TO PALLADIUM-BOUND ISONITRILES
K.V. Luzyanin1, A.G. Tskhovrebov2, M. Haukka3, M.F.C. Guedes Da Silva1, A.J.L. Pombeiro1,
V.Yu. Kukushkin2
1 - Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
2 - Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
3 - University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland
[email protected]
Complexes with N-heterocyclic carbenes have recently demonstrated antitumor and
antimicrobial properties being promising as new metallopharmaceuticals [1]. Developing new
synthetic routes towards preparation of metallacarbene species with potential pharmacological
significance, we found that metal-mediated [2 + 3] cycloaddition of nitrones to palladium-bound
isonitriles furnishes complexes with novel types of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Hence, the reaction
between equimolar amounts of cis-[PdCl2(CŁNR)2] [1–3] and the acyclic nitrones
O+N(R2)=C(H)R3 [5 and 6] proceeds in C6H6 at 5 °C for ca. 4 h followed by keeping of the
system
at
20–25 °C
for
20 h
and
provides
the
carbene
complexes
[PdCl2{C(ONR2CcHR3)=NdR}(CŁNR)(Cc–Nd)] (8–13) in good (70–54%) yields (Route A) [2].
R
Route B
N
Cl
O
O
N
C
C*
R
Route A
H
C
C
C 6H 6, 5 oC
C
N
N
21 24
C 6H 6 , 5 o C
Cl
C
N
R
R
Cl
Pd
Pd
Cl
H
Cl
Cl
Pd
2
R
N
N
7
C
R3
O
N
N
R
R = Cy (1), But (2), Xyl (3)
R2 = Me (5), CH 2Ph (6);
R3 = C 6H 4Me-4
R
8 13
O
*
C
N
R2
R3
H
The reaction of equimolar amounts of cis-[PdCl2(CŁNR)2] (1–3 and R = C6H4OMe-4 4) and the
non-aromatic cyclic nitrone –O+Na=CHCH2CH2CbMe2(Na–Cb) (7) in CHCl3 at 5 °C for ca. 2 h
leads to the carbene species [PdCl2{C(ONaCMe2CH2CH2CbH)=NeR}(CŁNR)(Na–Cb)(Cb–Ne)]
(21–24), isolated in 92–78% yields (Route B). All prepared complexes were characterized by
elemental analyses (CHN), ESI+-MS, IR, and 1D (1H, 13C{1H}) and 2D (1H,1H COSY, 1H,13CHSQC, and 1H,13C-HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for
four species.
[1] S. Ray; R. Mohan; J.K. Singh; M.K. Samantaray; M.M. Shaikh; D. Panda; P. Ghosh. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 15042. [2] K.V. Luzyanin, A.G. Tskhovrebov, M.F.C. Guedes da Silva,
M. Haukka, A.J.L. Pombeiro, V.Yu. Kukushkin, Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 5969.
Acknowledgements. The work has been supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a
Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal – Project PTDC/QUI-QUI/098760/2008, and by the Russian Fund
for Basic Research (grant no. 08-03-00443-a).
349
ȺȼɌɈɊɋɄɂɃ ɂɇȾȿɄɋ
Ⱥɯɦɚɞɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. .......................................288
Ⱥɯɦɟɞɠɚɧɨɜɚ ȼ.ɂ. ...............................222, 223
Ⱥɯɦɟɞɯɨɞɠɚɟɜɚ ɏ.ɋ.....................................222
Ⱥɯɦɟɬɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ɍ................................................309
Ⱥɲɢɦɨɜɚ Ʌ.ɀ. ................................................63
Ⱥɲɵɦɛɚɟɜɚ Ȼ.Ⱥ. .............................................31
Ⱥ
Ⱥɛɚɤɭɧ Ɉ.Ʉ. ................................................. 262
Ⱥɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜ ɇ.Ⱦ............................................. 306
Ⱥɛɞɭɪɚɡɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɒ. ....................................... 346
Ⱥɛɢɥɨɜ ɀ.Ⱥ. .................. 67, 235, 252, 267, 317
Ⱥɝɚɛɟɤɨɜ ȼ.ȿ............................................ 94, 97
Ⱥɝɚɮɨɧɨɜɚ ɋ.ȼ............................................... 78
Ⱥɝɟɟɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ. ................................................... 201
Ⱥɞɚɦɱɢɤ Ⱦ.Ⱥ.......................................... 18, 315
Ⱥɞɟɤɟɧɨɜ ɋ.Ɇ. ......................................... 63, 84
Ⱥɡɚɪɨɜ ȼ.ɂ. ...................................................... 4
Ⱥɡɢɡɛɟɤɹɧ ɋ.Ƚ.......................................... 5, 123
Ⱥɤɦɚɥɨɜɚ Ƚ.ɘ.............................................. 149
Ⱥɤɨɫɚ Ƀ.Ⱥ..................................................... 271
Ⱥɥɚɥɵɤɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ............................................ 297
Ⱥɥɚɭɞɢɧɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ. ...................................... 6, 219
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ȼ. .......................................... 7
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ ɂ.ɇ. .............................................. 237
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ʌ.ɂ.............................................. 8, 9
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ ɇ.ɋ.............................................. 273
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ɉ.Ɇ............................................. 305
Ⱥɥɟɯɢɧɚ Ɇ.Ⱥ................................................ 169
Ⱥɥɟɲɢɧɚ Ʌ.Ⱥ. ...................................... 177, 185
Ⱥɥɟɲɭɧɢɧ ɉ.Ⱥ............................................. 330
Ⱥɥɢɟɜ Ɉ.ɂ. ................................................... 247
Ⱥɥɢɟɜ Ɋ.Ƚ...................................... 135, 178, 179
Ⱥɥɢɦɨɜɚ Ⱦ.Ɏ................................................ 306
Ⱥɥɢɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ȼ.Ⱥ........................................... 315
Ⱥɥɶɠɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ȿ. ............................................... 84
Ⱥɦɢɧɢɧɚ ɇ.Ɇ............................................... 219
Ⱥɧɝɚɫɤɢɟɜɚ Ⱥ.ɋ. .................................. 281, 306
Ⱥɧɝɟɧɨɬ Ʌ..................................................... 222
Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ ȼ.ɘ.............................................. 306
Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ Ɉ.ȼ. .............................................. 253
Ⱥɧɞɪɸɲɢɧɚ ȼ.Ⱥ. ................................. 316, 338
Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧɚ ȿ.ɉ. ............................................... 143
Ⱥɧɬɢɩɢɧɚ ȼ.Ȼ............................................... 262
Ⱥɧɮɟɪɨɜɚ Ɇ.ɋ. ............................................ 168
Ⱥɧɶɲɚɤɨɜ ȼ.ɂ.............................................. 220
Ⱥɧɶɲɚɤɨɜɚ ȼ.ȼ. ........................................... 220
Ⱥɩɪɵɲɤɨ Ƚ.ɇ................................................. 26
Ⱥɪɚɩɛɚɟɜɚ Ƚ.Ɇ............................................. 160
Ⱥɪɢɧɢɱɟɜɚ ɘ.Ⱥ. ............................................ 32
Ⱥɪɢɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ȿ................................................. 276
Ⱥɪɢɩɨɜɚ ɋ.Ɏ. ............................................... 307
Ⱥɪɬɟɦɟɧɤɨ ȿ.Ⱥ............................................. 291
Ⱥɪɯɢɥɢɧ Ɇ.Ⱥ. .............................................. 258
Ⱥɫɤɚɪɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ʉ................................................ 310
Ⱥɭɬɥɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ............................................. 69, 221
Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɶɟɜɚ ɋ.ȼ. .......................... 221, 308, 322
Ⱥɮɨɪɞɨɚɧɶɢ Ⱦ.Ɇ. ........................................ 271
Ȼ
Ȼɚɛɚɟɜ ȼ.Ɇ....................................................224
Ȼɚɛɢɧ ɘ.ȼ. ...................................................296
Ȼɚɛɤɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ..................9, 10, 102, 106, 187, 225
Ȼɚɞɵɤɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ⱥ................................................310
Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɨɜɚ ɇ.Ƚ. ......................46, 69, 71, 75, 221
Ȼɚɣɛɚɤɬɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɍ. ...........................................252
Ȼɚɣɞɭɥɥɚɭɥɵ Ⱥ. ..............................................11
Ȼɚɤɛɚɪɞɢɧɚ Ɉ.ȼ. ...........................................310
Ȼɚɥɞɵɧɨɜɚ Ɏ.ɉ.............................................225
Ȼɚɥɨɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ. ...................................................318
Ȼɚɥɶɰɟɜɢɱ ȿ.Ⱥ. ...............................................11
Ȼɚɧɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ȼ. .................................................265
Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɉ. ...................................243, 336
Ȼɚɪɟɥɤɨ ȼ.ȼ. .................................................125
Ȼɚɪɵɲɧɢɤɨɜ ɋ.ȼ. ...........................................55
Ȼɚɫɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɀ. ..........................................82, 83
Ȼɚɯɬɟɧɤɨ ȿ.ɘ. ..........................................68, 98
Ȼɚɹɧɞɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ..................................................57
Ȼɟɣ Ɇ.ɉ.....................................................12, 13
Ȼɟɣɫɟɛɟɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ʉ. ...........................................252
Ȼɟɤɬɟɧɨɜ ɇ.Ⱥ. ...............................................130
Ȼɟɥɚɧɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ. .................................................14
Ȼɟɥɟɰɤɚɹ ɂ.ɉ. .................................................93
Ȼɟɥɨɫɬɨɰɤɚɹ ɂ.ɋ...........................................335
Ȼɟɥɨɫɬɨɰɤɢɣ Ⱦ.ȿ. .........................................271
Ȼɟɥɵɣ ȼ.Ⱥ. ....................................................109
Ȼɟɥɵɯ Ⱦ.ȼ. ....................................................226
Ȼɟɥɶɱɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ʌ.ɂ. .........................................202
Ȼɟɥɹɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. .............................................18, 315
Ȼɟɥɹɟɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ. .................................................100
Ȼɟɧɶɤɨ ȿ.Ɇ....................................................185
Ȼɟɪɟɡɢɧ Ⱥ.ɋ. .........................................311, 319
Ȼɟɪɟɡɢɧ Ɇ.ȼ..................................................242
Ȼɟɪɟɧɛɥɸɦ Ⱥ.ɋ. ...........................................227
Ȼɟɫɫɨɧɨɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ................................................61
Ȼɢɞɸɤɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ɏ. ......................................263, 264
Ȼɢɥɚɧ Ɇ.ɂ.....................................................293
Ȼɢɥɚɧɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ................................................198
Ȼɢɧɸɤɨɜ ȼ.ɂ.................................................305
Ȼɥɭɞɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ȼ..................................................85
Ȼɨɛɚɟɜ ɂ.Ⱦ. ...................................................312
Ȼɨɝɞɚɧ ȼ.ɂ. .............................................15, 109
Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜɚ ȿ.Ɉ...............................................262
Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜɢɱ Ɋ.ɇ.............................................243
350
ȼɟɪɲɢɥɨɜ ɋ.ȼ.................................................86
ȼɟɬɪɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ...........................143, 144, 155, 156
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɚ ȼ.ɂ. .........................................287
ȼɢɧɨɤɭɪɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ..............................................21
ȼɢɫɥɨɛɨɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. ..........................................283
ȼɢɬɹɡɟɜ Ɏ.ȼ. .................................................234
ȼɢɯɚɪɟɜ ɘ.Ȼ.................................................231
ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ ȿ.ɇ. .........................................245, 246
ȼɨɣɲɜɢɥɥɨ ɇ.ȿ. ...................................316, 338
ȼɨɥɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ə. ..................................................162
ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ....................................................24
ȼɨɥɨɞɢɧ Ʉ.ɂ. ................................................172
ȼɨɥɨɲɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ⱦ. .............................................271
ȼɨɥɱɟɤ Ȼ.Ɂ.............................................245, 246
ȼɨɥɱɨ Ʉ.ɉ. ............................................250, 257
ȼɨɥɶɟɜɚ ȼ.Ȼ...................................................335
ȼɨɪɨɛɶɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ʉ. .............................................342
ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɚ Ɇ.ɂ...............................................130
ȼɭɪɚɫɤɨ Ⱥ.ȼ..............................................22, 23
ȼɵɝɥɚɡɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. .................................................59
ȼɵɞɪɢɧɚ ȼ.Ⱥ.................................................302
ȼɵɥɟɝɠɚɧɢɧɚ Ɇ.ɗ........................................162
ȼɵɫɨɰɤɚɹ Ɉ.ȼ. ........................................79, 164
ȼɵɲɬɚɤɚɥɸɤ Ⱥ.Ȼ............................................71
Ȼɨɝɨɥɢɰɵɧ Ʉ.Ƚ.190, 228, 229, 230, 249, 258,
280
Ȼɨɡɨɪɨɜ ɏ.Ⱥ. ........................................ 346, 347
Ȼɨɣɦɚɬɨɜ ɂ.Ɇ. ............................................. 312
Ȼɨɣɰɨɜɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ. ................................................ 123
Ȼɨɤɚɱ ɇ.Ⱥ. ............................ 313, 323, 326, 344
Ȼɨɥɚɬɚɛɚɟɜ Ʉ.ɇ. ........................................... 176
Ȼɨɥɨɬɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ................................................. 198
Ȼɨɥɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ɋ...................................... 16, 202
Ȼɨɦɲɬɟɣɧ ȼ.ȿ. ............................................. 152
Ȼɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ............................................ 251
Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɂ. .................... 143, 144, 155, 156
Ȼɨɪɢɫɟɧɤɨ ɋ.ɇ. .................... 143, 144, 155, 156
Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ.................................................. 16
Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɚ Ɍ.ȼ................................................ 230
Ȼɨɬɢɪɨɜ P.A.................................................. 287
Ȼɨɱɟɤ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ................... 129, 162, 245, 246, 247
Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɚɹ ɂ.Ⱥ................................................ 314
Ȼɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ɉ. .............................................. 314
Ȼɪɚɜɨɜɚ ɂ.Ɇ................................................. 152
Ȼɪɟɠɧɟɜɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ. .............................................. 272
Ȼɪɨɜɤɨ Ɉ.ɋ. .................................................. 123
Ȼɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ȿ.ɉ.................................................. 36
Ȼɪɨɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɋ.ȼ............................................. 161
Ȼɭɝɚɟɜɚ Ⱥ.ɘ................................................. 170
Ȼɭɞɚɟɜɚ ȼ.ȼ........................................ 17, 37, 77
Ȼɭɥɵɱɟɜ ɘ.ɇ. .............................................. 211
Ȼɭɥɵɲɟɜɚ Ɇ.Ⱥ................................................. 8
Ȼɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ ȿ.ȼ. ............... 102, 162, 231, 238, 299
Ȼɭɪɥɚɤɨɜɚ ȿ.Ȼ. ..................................... 305, 342
Ȼɭɬɵɥɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. ............................................. 61
Ȼɭɯɬɢɹɪɨɜ ȼ.ɂ. .............................................. 30
Ȼɵɤɨɜ Ʌ.Ⱥ. ................................................... 125
Ȼɵɫɬɪɭɲɤɢɧ Ⱥ.Ƚ.............................................. 8
Ȼɵɯɨɜɰɨɜɚ ɘ.ȼ. .......................................... 117
Ȼɵɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɉ.Ɇ.................................... 18, 315
Ƚ
Ƚɚɛɞɪɚɯɢɦɨɜɚ Ⱦ.Ƚ. .......................................252
Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ. .................................................52
Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜ ȼ.ɂ. .......................................134, 224
Ƚɚɞɟɰɤɚɹ Ⱥ.ȼ. ...............................212, 235, 317
Ƚɚɡɚɥɢɟɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ................................................310
Ƚɚɣɞɭɤɨɜ ɂ.ɇ..................................................87
Ƚɚɥɚɣɤɨ ɇ.ȼ. .............................................23, 24
Ƚɚɥɵɧɤɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ.................................................25
Ƚɚɦɚɸɪɨɜɚ ȼ.ɋ. ............................................288
Ƚɚɧɟɧɤɨ Ɍ.ȼ. .................................................152
Ƚɚɧɭɲɟɜɢɱ ȿ.ɋ. ............................................153
Ƚɚɩɩɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ..............................................307
Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɞɠɢɭ Ⱥ.ȼ. ....................25, 164, 169, 171
Ƚɚɪɢɟɜɚ Ɏ.Ɋ. .................................................134
Ƚɚɪɢɮɭɥɥɢɧ Ȼ.Ɏ. ..........................................253
Ƚɚɪɢɮɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ʌ.Ɋ..........................................252
Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɨɜ ɋ.ɘ. .............................................309
Ƚɚɪɬɦɚɧ Ɇ.ȼ. ................................................125
Ƚɚɪɵɧɰɟɜɚ ɇ.ȼ. ..............................................54
Ƚɚɫɚɧɨɜɚ ɗ.Ɂ. ................................................262
Ƚɟɥɟɫ ɂ.ɋ. .....................................................203
Ƚɟɧɶɲ Ʉ.ȼ. ......................................................75
Ƚɟɪɱɢɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ə........................................106, 107
Ƚɢɧɢɹɬɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ƚ.ȼ. .........................................26
Ƚɥɚɡɨɜ ɋ.ȼ.............................................167, 198
Ƚɥɭɳɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɋ...............................................143
Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɜɚ ȿ.ɇ.................................................172
Ƚɨɥɟɧɶɤɨɜ ɋ.ȼ. .............................................168
Ƚɨɥɢɤɨɜɚ ȼ.ɋ. ...............................................262
Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ʉ. ...................................................133
ȼ
ȼɚɣɫ ȿ.ȼ. ...................................................... 338
ȼɚɤɤɟɪ Ⱥ.ȼ. .................................................. 315
ȼɚɥɟɟɜɚ ɇ.ɇ. ................................................ 134
ȼɚɥɟɟɜɚ ɗ.Ɏ. ................................................ 302
ȼɚɧɞɵɲɟɜ ȼ.ȼ. ............................................ 158
ȼɚɫɢɥɢɲɢɧ Ɇ.ɋ........................................... 213
ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. .............................................. 180
ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ ɂ.ȼ................................................ 80
ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ Ʌ.ɉ.............................................. 262
ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ ɇ.ɋ.............................................. 212
ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ ɇ.ɘ. ............................................. 18
ȼɚɯɚɛɨɜ Ⱥ..................................................... 307
ȼɞɨɜɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ................................................. 306
ȼɟɞɟɪɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱦ.ɇ................................... 145, 146
ȼɟɧɟɞɢɤɬɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. .......................................... 136
ȼɟɩɪɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ. ................................ 19, 20, 124
ȼɟɪɟɦɟɣɱɢɤ ə.ȼ............................................. 32
ȼɟɪɟɳɚɝɢɧ ɇ.Ⱥ. ................................... 232, 233
351
Ⱦɨɦɪɚɱɟɜ Ⱦ.ȼ. ................................33, 239, 240
Ⱦɨɧɨɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ...................................108, 147, 333
Ⱦɪɢɤɟɪ Ȼ.ɇ................................................22, 23
Ⱦɪɨɡɞ ɇ.ɇ. ......................................18, 102, 139
Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ȼ. ...................................316, 338
Ⱦɭɞɤɢɧ Ⱦ.ȼ. ..................................................138
Ⱦɭɥɶɤɢɧ Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ................................................192
Ⱦɭɲɤɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. .................................241, 269, 270
Ⱦɵɲɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ....................................................36
Ⱦɹɝɢɥɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ȼ.................................187, 188, 216
Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɱɢɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ.................................. 26, 236
Ƚɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ȼ.ȼ. ...................................... 127, 128
Ƚɨɥɨɳɚɩɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ............................................ 305
Ƚɨɥɭɛ ɇ.Ȼ. ...................................................... 35
Ƚɨɥɭɛ ɇ.ȼ..................................................... 315
Ƚɨɥɭɛɟɜ Ⱥ.Ɉ. ................................................ 168
Ƚɨɥɭɛɟɜɚ ɘ.Ɇ. ............................................ 262
Ƚɨɥɭɛɢɧɚ Ɉ.Ⱥ................................................. 61
Ƚɨɥɵɧɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ.ɋ............................................... 95
Ƚɨɪɛɨɜɚ ɇ.ɋ. ................................................ 258
Ƚɨɪɢɧɚ ə.ȼ. .................................................. 260
Ƚɨɪɨɲɤɟɜɢɱ ɋ.ɇ. ......................................... 240
Ƚɨɫɬɢɳɟɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ. ............................................. 41
Ƚɨɮɦɚɧ ɂ.ȼ.................................................. 162
Ƚɪɚɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɋ.Ⱥ. ............................................ 50
Ƚɪɚɱɟɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. .................................................. 199
Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɚ ɇ.ȼ.................................... 26, 235, 236
Ƚɪɢɛɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ...................... 137, 176, 181, 313
Ƚɪɢɛɤɨɜ ɂ.ȼ................................................. 172
Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. ............................................ 162
Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɚ Ɉ.Ⱥ.............................................. 27
Ƚɪɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɂ.Ʌ.................................... 173, 317
Ƚɪɢɲɤɨ ȼ.ȼ. ............................... 23, 24, 40, 231
Ƚɪɭɡɞɟɜ ɂ.ȼ...................................................... 9
Ƚɪɭɡɞɟɜɚ Ⱥ.ȿ. ............................................... 140
Ƚɭɛɚɟɜɚ Ɋ.Ⱥ. ................................................. 343
Ƚɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ Ƚ.ɇ................................................ 161
Ƚɭɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ɇ......................................... 152
Ƚɭɪɶɟɜɚ ə.Ⱥ.................................................. 237
Ƚɭɫɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇ.Ⱥ............................................... 190
Ƚɭɫɚɪɨɜɚ ɇ.Ʉ.......................................... 79, 164
Ƚɸɧɬɟɪ ȿ.Ⱥ. ................................................. 268
ȿ
ȿɜɞɨɤɢɦɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ.............................................262
ȿɜɫɟɟɧɤɨ ȼ.ɂ. ...............................................241
ȿɜɫɬɚɮɶɟɜ ɋ.ɇ. .............................................105
ȿɜɫɬɢɝɧɟɟɜ ɗ.ɂ.............................................174
ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ɂ.ɇ....................................................242
ȿɝɨɪɨɜɚ Ɉ.ȼ. .................................................333
ȿɥɤɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. ......................................................76
Ȭɥɤɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. ......................................................59
ȿɦɟɥɢɧɚ ȿ.ȿ..............................................82, 83
ȿɧɢɤɟɟɜ Ⱥ.ɏ....................................................25
ȿɧɢɧɚ Ɉ.Ʌ. ....................................................264
ȿɩɢɮɚɧɰɟɜ ɋ.ȼ. ..............................................34
ȿɪɝɨɠɢɧ ȿ.ȿ..................................................130
ȿɪɟɦɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.ɇ. ..............................................209
ȿɪɟɦɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ɉ. ........................................127, 128
ȿɪɦɚɤ ɂ.Ɇ. ...........................................243, 336
ȿɪɦɚɬɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ȼ. .......................................211, 221
ȿɪɨɯɢɧ ȼ.ɇ. ..........................................305, 342
ȿɮɚɧɨɜ Ɇ.ȼ. ...................................................35
ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ Ƚ.ȼ................................................319
ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ ȿ.ɋ. ..............................................128
ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ ɋ.ȼ. ......................................128, 204
Ⱦ
Ⱦɚɜɥɹɲɢɧ Ʉ.ɋ................................................ 28
Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜɚ ȼ.ɇ. ............................................. 243
Ⱦɚɧɢɥɤɢɧɚ ɇ.Ⱥ. ........................................... 318
Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ ȼ.Ƚ. ............................................ 54, 55
Ⱦɜɨɪɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ........................................... 238
Ⱦɟɣɧɟɤɨ ɂ.ȼ................................................... 29
Ⱦɟɣɧɟɤɨ ɂ.ɉ. ................................................. 29
Ⱦɟɥɢɞɨɜɢɱ ɂ.ȼ............................................... 30
Ⱦɟɦɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇ.Ɏ.............................................. 284
Ⱦɟɦɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇ.ə. ............................................. 239
Ⱦɟɦɟɧɤɨɜɚ Ʌ.ɂ............................................. 241
Ⱦɟɦɶɹɧɰɟɜɚ ȿ.ɘ.......................................... 168
Ⱦɟɧɢɫɨɜɚ Ɇ.ɇ. ......................................... 30, 74
Ⱦɟɪɤɚɱɟɜɚ Ɉ.ɘ. ........................................... 183
Ⱦɠɭɦɚɧɚɡɚɪɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɂ. ...................................... 31
Ⱦɡɸɛɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.Ⱥ................................................ 32
Ⱦɡɸɪɤɟɜɢɱ Ɇ.ɋ.............................................. 32
Ⱦɦɢɬɪɟɧɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. ......................................... 208
Ⱦɦɢɬɪɭɤ Ⱥ.Ɏ................................................ 174
Ⱦɨɜɛɧɹ Ⱦ.ȼ........................................... 108, 147
Ⱦɨɦɚɲ ȼ.ɂ. ...................................................... 5
Ⱦɨɦɧɢɧɚ ɇ.ɋ................................................ 335
ɀ
ɀɚɜɪɢɞ ɗ.Ⱥ...................................................315
ɀɚɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɏ. .................................................245
ɀɞɚɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. .............................................244
ɀɟɥɞɚɤɨɜɚ Ɋ.Ⱥ................................................13
ɀɟɫɤɨ Ɍ.ȿ......................................................314
ɀɢɜɨɬɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɋ. ..............................................245
ɀɢɠɢɧɚ ȿ.Ƚ. .................................................205
ɀɢɪɧɨɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ................................................211
ɀɭɦɚɝɚɥɢɟɜɚ ɒ.ɇ........................................252
ɀɭɪɚɯɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ⱦ.ɂ. ..........................................35
ɀɭɫɭɩɨɜɚ Ƚ.ȿ..................67, 212, 235, 267, 317
Ɂ
Ɂɚɛɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ....................129, 245, 246, 247
Ɂɚɜɚɥɢɲɢɧɚ ȿ.Ⱥ............................................262
Ɂɚɜɶɹɥɨɜɚ Ɇ.ɋ. .............................................335
Ɂɚɣɰɟɜɚ Ɇ.ɂ..........................................192, 196
352
Ʉɚɥɢɟɜɚ Ȼ.Ʉ...................................................130
Ʉɚɥɦɵɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ɇ. ............................................251
Ʉɚɥɸɠɧɚɹ Ⱦ.ɋ. .................................................7
Ʉɚɥɸɠɧɚɹ Ʌ.Ɇ. ............................245, 246, 247
Ʉɚɥɸɬɚ ȿ.ȼ. ....................................................71
Ʉɚɦɚɥɹɧ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ..................................................44
Ʉɚɦɚɥɹɧ Ɍ.Ɉ. ..................................................44
Ʉɚɦɛɚɪɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ȼ. .........................................44, 94
Ʉɚɧɢɰɤɚɹ Ʌ.ȼ................................................180
Ʉɚɩɭɰɤɢɣ Ɏ.ɇ...............................................315
Ʉɚɪɟɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ. ...................................................212
Ʉɚɪɢɛɚɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɍ. .............................................310
Ʉɚɪɩɨɜ ɋ.ɂ. ....................................................14
Ʉɚɪɩɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ. .................................................239
Ʉɚɫɚɢɤɢɧɚ Ɉ.Ɍ. ...............................................64
Ʉɚɫɚɬɨɱɤɢɧ Ⱥ.ɇ........................................82, 83
Ʉɚɫɪɚɞɡɟ ȼ.Ƚ. ..........................................72, 252
Ʉɚɫɵɦɛɟɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ...........................................252
Ʉɚɬɚɟɜ ȼ.ȿ.....................................226, 253, 296
Ʉɚɬɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɋ. ...................................................45
Ʉɚɬɪɚɤɨɜ ɂ.Ȼ.............................................46, 71
Ʉɚɰɦɚɧ ȿ.Ⱥ. ..................................................227
Ʉɚɱɚɥɚ ȼ.ȼ. ...................................................254
Ʉɚɱɚɥɚ ɂ.ȼ. ...................................................255
Ʉɟɜɟɪ ȿ.ȿ.......................................................176
Ʉɟɪɲɟɧɝɨɥɶɰ Ȼ.Ɇ.........................................220
Ʉɢɦ ɘ.Ⱥ. ......................................................305
Ʉɢɪɢɱɟɧɤɨ ȿ.Ȼ. .....................263, 264, 278, 337
Ʉɢɪɸɲɢɧɚ Ɇ.Ɏ............................................184
Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜ ɂ.ə. .................................................175
Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜ Ɇ.Ƚ....................................................36
Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ ɘ.ȼ. ..............................................332
Ʉɢɫɥɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ...........................................167, 198
Ʉɢɹɟɜ Ⱦ.ɂ......................................................149
Ʉɥɚɞɢɟɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ................................................315
Ʉɥɢɧɞɭɯ Ɇ.ɉ. ...............................................256
Ʉɥɨɱɤɨɜ ɋ.Ƚ. ...52, 152, 211, 221, 257, 308, 322
Ʉɥɸɟɜ Ⱥ.ɘ. ....................................................47
Ʉɨɜɟɪɧɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɂ.ɇ. ......................................192
Ʉɨɜɠɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ʌ...................................................80
Ʉɨɠɚɦɤɭɥɨɜɚ ɀ.Ⱥ..................67, 212, 235, 317
Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ Ƚ.ȼ. .............................25, 164, 169, 171
Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ ɇ.Ƚ. .....................................................47
Ʉɨɤɨɜɤɢɧɚ ɘ.ȼ. ...........................................262
Ʉɨɤɭɪɢɧɚ ɇ.ɘ......................................103, 140
Ʉɨɤɲɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ.................................................48
Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ.ɇ..................................132, 140
Ʉɨɥɡɭɧɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ƚ. ...............................................49
Ʉɨɥɨɫɨɜ ɉ.ȼ....................................................71
Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ................................................131
Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ................................................335
Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɟɧɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ......................................66
Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜ Ƚ.Ƚ. ...........................................157
Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜɚ ɇ.Ʌ..........................................335
Ʉɨɧ Ƚ.Ⱥ. ........................................................244
Ʉɨɧɞɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ................................................208
Ʉɨɧɟɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ...................................................257
Ɂɚɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ............................................. 237
Ɂɚɥɭɰɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ. .............................................. 300
Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧ Ɇ.ə. ................. 51, 137, 180, 182, 184
Ɂɚɪɭɞɢɣ Ɏ.ɋ............................................. 82, 83
Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ........................................... 36, 130
Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. .................................................. 36
Ɂɟɜɚɤɨɜ ɂ.ȼ. ................................................. 309
Ɂɢɚɬɞɢɧɨɜɚ Ɏ.ɏ. ............................................ 71
Ɂɢɧɨɜɶɟɜ Ɇ.Ⱥ................................................. 52
Ɂɥɨɛɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ................................................... 269
Ɂɨɛɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ...................................... 71, 248, 271
Ɂɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. .......................................... 152
Ɂɨɥɨɬɭɯɢɧ ȼ.ɇ. .............................................. 37
Ɂɨɪɢɧ ȼ.ȼ. ...................................................... 38
Ɂɭɛɚɪɟɜɚ ɇ.Ⱦ................................................ 263
Ɂɭɛɨɜ ɂ.ɇ. .................................................... 229
Ɂɭɟɜ ɋ.ɋ................................................ 324, 337
ɂ
ɂɛɪɚɲɟɜɚ ɀ.Ɉ. ............................................ 212
ɂɜɚɧɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.Ⱦ................................................. 38
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ................................................... 39
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ɂ.ɉ. ................................................... 40
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ɂ.ɋ..................................... 83, 244, 247
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ⱥ. ................................................ 248
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɇ.ȼ........................................... 10, 187
ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɋ.Ɂ...................................................... 9
ɂɜɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.Ʌ............................................. 229
ɂɜɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ.Ɇ.............................................. 61
ɂɜɚɯɧɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱦ................................................. 249
ɂɝɧɚɬɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ................................................ 189
ɂɝɨɲɟɜɚ ȿ.ȼ................................................... 40
ɂɞɪɢɫɫɢ Ⱥ. ..................................................... 36
ɂɡɦɟɫɬɶɟɜ ȿ.ɋ...................................... 249, 284
ɂɡɨɬɨɜɚ ɘ.Ⱥ................................................ 323
ɂɥɶɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɉ. ................................................. 324
ɂɥɶɢɧɚ ɂ.ȼ. ................................................. 250
ɂɧɢɲɟɜɚ Ʌ.ɂ. ................................................ 41
ɂɫɚɛɟɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɋ. ............................................ 252
ɂɫɚɟɜɚ ȿ.ȼ.................................................... 205
ɂɫɥɚɦɨɜɚ ɀ.ɂ................................................ 42
ɂɫɦɚɢɥɨɜɚ Ɇ.Ƚ. ........................................... 128
ɂɲɦɭɪɚɬɨɜ Ƚ.ɘ. ......................... 265, 302, 321
Ʉ
Ʉɚɛɚɥɶɧɨɜɚ ɇ.ɇ. ............................................ 50
Ʉɚɛɭɥɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ʉ................................................ 130
Ʉɚɞɢɪɨɜ Ɉ.ɒ. ................................................ 89
Ʉɚɞɢɪɨɜɚ Ɂ.ɑ................................................ 137
Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ.......................................... 320, 321
Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ȼ. ................................... 26, 43, 111
Ʉɚɡɢɟɜ Ƚ.Ɂ....................................... 99, 148, 149
Ʉɚɥɚɛɢɧ Ƚ.Ⱥ. ................................................ 180
Ʉɚɥɚɲɧɢɤɨɜ ɂ.ɇ.......................................... 140
353
Ʉɨɧɟɜɚ ȿ.Ʌ. .................................................. 219
Ʉɨɧɤɢɧɚ ɂ.Ƚ................................................... 50
Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ............................... 71, 271, 327
Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ ɘ.ȼ............................................ 332
Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚ Ƚ.ɇ. ............................................ 98
Ʉɨɧɨɧɨɜ Ƚ.ɇ..................................................... 4
Ʉɨɪɚɛɚɟɜ Ⱥ.ɋ. .............................................. 128
Ʉɨɪɧɟɟɜɚ Ɉ.ɋ. ...................................... 143, 335
Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ............................................... 299
Ʉɨɪɨɩɱɭɤ Ⱥ.ɉ. ............................................... 34
Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ............................. 148, 149, 153
Ʉɨɪɨɬɟɟɜ Ɇ.ɉ. ............................. 148, 149, 153
Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɟɜɢɱ ȿ.Ⱥ. .......................................... 315
Ʉɨɪɨɱɤɢɧɚ Ɇ.Ƚ. ................................... 224, 226
Ʉɨɪɫɭɧ ȼ.Ɏ. ................................................... 50
Ʉɨɪɭɥɶɤɢɧ Ⱦ.ɘ. .................................. 232, 233
Ʉɨɪɱɚɝɢɧɚ Ⱦ.ȼ. .................................... 250, 257
Ʉɨɫɬɟɪɨɜɚ Ɋ.ɂ. ............................................. 315
Ʉɨɫɬɵɪɨ ə.Ⱥ. ....................................... 152, 322
Ʉɨɫɬɸɤɟɜɢɱ Ⱥ.ȼ. ......................................... 141
Ʉɨɫɹɤɨɜ Ⱦ.ɋ. ........................................ 230, 258
Ʉɨɬɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ.ȿ.......................... 75, 117, 214
Ʉɨɬɨɜɚ ɇ.ȼ. .................................................... 60
Ʉɨɱɤɢɧɚ ɇ.ȿ................................. 136, 259, 260
Ʉɪɚɫɚɜɢɧ Ɇ.ɘ. ............................................ 328
Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜ ȿ.Ⱥ. .......................................... 83, 260
Ʉɪɟɦɟɧɰɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ȼ................................... 305, 342
Ʉɪɢɜɚɧɞɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. ........................................... 305
Ʉɪɢɬɱɟɧɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɋ. .......................................... 323
Ʉɪɭɝɥɨɜɚ ɂ.ɋ. ................................................ 29
Ʉɪɭɬɨɜ ɋ.Ɇ. ................... 51, 137, 172, 182, 215
Ʉɪɵɥɶɫɤɚɹ ȼ.ɂ............................................. 198
Ʉɪɵɦɱɚɤ Ɇ.ɋ. .............................................. 153
Ʉɪɵɫɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ɇ. .............................................. 262
Ʉɭɜɲɢɧɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ⱥ............................ 170, 177, 185
Ʉɭɞɚɣɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜɚ Ȼ.Ɇ. .................................. 252
Ʉɭɞɪɹɲɨɜ ȼ.Ʉ. ............................................... 52
Ʉɭɡɟɧɛɚɟɜɚ Ɇ.ɒ.......................................... 275
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ Ȼ.ɇ. .......... 18, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 206
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. ............................................... 57
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ Ɇ.Ʌ. ............................................. 313
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ Ɉ.ɘ............................................ 154
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɋ.Ⱥ. ............................ 18, 19, 20, 56
Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɚ Ɋ.ɂ. ................................................ 34
Ʉɭɤɢɧɚ Ɍ.ɉ............................................... 57, 58
Ʉɭɤɨɜɢɧɟɰ Ɉ.ɋ............................................. 252
Ʉɭɤɭɲɤɢɧ ȼ.ɘ. ............... 82, 83, 313, 326, 344
Ʉɭɥɚɤɨɜ ɂ.ȼ. ................................................ 276
Ʉɭɥɢɟɜ Ɋ.Ɂ. ................................................... 306
Ʉɭɥɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ.Ɇ. ............................................. 176
Ʉɭɥɢɱɢɯɢɧ ȼ.Ƚ............................................. 133
Ʉɭɧɢɰɤɚɹ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ............................................... 59
Ʉɭɪɚɩɨɜɚ Ɇ.ɘ............................................. 245
Ʉɭɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.Ʉ. .............................................. 261
Ʉɭɪɡɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ................................................... 262
Ʉɭɪɡɢɧɚ Ɉ.ɋ................................................. 262
Ʉɭɪɢɥɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ................. 263, 264, 278, 324, 337
Ʉɭɪɤɢɧ ȿ.ɇ. ..................................................125
Ʉɭɬɭɡɨɜɚ ɋ.ɇ. ...............................................247
Ʉɭɯɚɪɟɜɚ Ɍ.ɋ.........................148, 149, 153, 158
Ʉɭɯɚɪɟɧɤɨ ɘ.Ⱥ. .............................................80
Ʉɭɯɥɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ..............................................213
Ʉɭɰɟɧɤɨ Ʌ.ɂ. ................................................162
Ʉɭɱɢɧ Ⱥ.ȼ.65, 83, 102, 139, 162, 170, 226,
237, 238, 239, 242, 244, 249, 265, 284, 299,
332, 345
Ʉɭɲɧɚɪɺɜ Ⱦ.Ɏ. .............................................180
Ʉɭɲɧɢɪ ȿ.ɘ. ..........................................75, 221
Ʌ
Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɶɟɜ ȼ.Ʉ.............................214, 246, 247
Ʌɚɝɭɬɤɢɧɚ ȿ.ȼ.........................................60, 132
Ʌɚɤɬɢɨɧɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. .............................................61
Ʌɚɩɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ.....................................................339
Ʌɚɪɢɧɚ ȼ.ɇ. ..........................................103, 140
Ʌɚɬɵɩɨɜɚ ɗ.Ɋ. ...............................................265
Ʌɚɬɵɲɟɜ Ƚ.ȼ.................................................333
Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ Ɍ.ɇ. ...............................................130
Ʌɟɜɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ʌ.ȼ...............................................56
Ʌɟɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ..............................................62
Ʌɟɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ.Ⱥ........................................61, 62
Ʌɟɜɢɧ Ȼ.Ⱦ......................................................230
Ʌɟɝɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ....................................................344
Ʌɟɝɨɫɬɚɟɜɚ ɘ.ȼ............................................321
Ʌɟɠɧɟɜɚ Ɇ.ɘ. ................................................63
Ʌɟɤɚɪɶ Ⱥ.ȼ. ...........................143, 144, 155, 156
Ʌɟɫɢɧ ȼ.ɂ. ......................................................64
Ʌɟɫɢɲɢɧɚ ɘ.Ɉ. ............................................174
Ʌɢɚɤɭɦɨɜɢɱ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ..........................................218
Ʌɢɬɜɢɧɟɰ ɋ.Ƚ................................................269
Ʌɢɬɜɢɧɨɜɚ Ʌ.ɋ..............................................176
Ʌɢɬɨɜɤɚ ɘ.Ⱥ. ...............................................209
Ʌɢɯɚɱɟɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. ........................................132, 140
Ʌɢɱɭɬɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ɏ. ..............................................190
Ʌɨɛɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ................................................157
Ʌɨɛɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. ................................................43, 72
Ʌɨɝɜɢɧɨɜ ɋ.ȼ................................................244
Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ..........................................65, 265
Ʌɨɡɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ɍ.ɋ. ..............................................198
Ʌɨɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ɉ.............................................266
Ʌɨɦɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɉ.ɂ.....................................115, 266
Ʌɨɩɭɯɢɧ ɇ.ɋ...................................................65
Ʌɨɪɟɧɰɫɨɧ Ⱥ.ȼ. ....................................273, 274
Ʌɭɝɨɜɢɰɤɚɹ Ɍ.ɇ. ...........................................176
Ʌɭɤɚɧɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ʌ..................................................66
Ʌɭɤɚɧɢɧɚ ɘ.Ʉ. .....................................132, 140
Ʌɭɤɚɲɺɜ ɇ.ȼ...........................................93, 333
Ʌɭɧɢɧ ȼ.ȼ. ..........................15, 69, 70, 109, 185
Ʌɭɬɨɜ Ⱦ.ɇ......................................................285
Ʌɸɯɚɧɨɜɚ ɂ.ȼ.......................................177, 185
354
Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ............................................302
Ɇɢɯɚɥɟɜɚ ɇ.ə. ..............................................272
Ɇɢɯɟɟɜɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ. ..................................................63
Ɇɢɲɚɪɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ..............................................342
Ɇɢɲɢɧɚ ȼ.ɘ. .................................................99
Ɇɢɲɢɧɚ ȿ.ɇ. ..................................................99
Ɇɨɤɟɟɜ Ɇ.ȼ. .........................176, 214, 215, 326
Ɇɨɪɟɜɚ ɘ.Ʌ..................................................273
Ɇɨɪɨɡ Ȼ.Ʌ. ......................................................30
Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ ɋ.ȼ. ................................................113
Ɇɨɫɤɚɥɟɧɤɨ ɘ.ȿ. .........................313, 319, 326
Ɇɨɫɭɪ ɉ.Ɇ....................................................274
Ɇɨɫɸɪɨɜ ɋ.ȿ. ...............................................158
Ɇɭɞɚɪɢɫɨɜɚ Ɋ.ɏ. ..........................................310
Ɇɭɡɵɱɤɢɧɚ Ɋ.Ⱥ.............................................274
Ɇɭɥɞɚɯɦɟɬɨɜ Ɂ.Ɇ.........................................294
Ɇɭɪɚɬɚɟɜ Ⱦ.Ɂ. ...............................................343
Ɇɭɪɡɚɯɦɟɬɨɜɚ Ɇ.Ʉ.......................................317
Ɇɭɪɢɧɨɜ ɘ.ɂ...........................................50, 91
Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɢɧɚ Ʌ.ɂ. ....................................327, 332
Ɇɭɫɢɧ Ɋ.Ɂ..............................................134, 224
Ɇɭɫɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ȿ...................................................274
Ɇɭɫɥɭɯɨɜ Ɋ.Ɋ........................................265, 302
Ɇɭɮɚɡɡɚɥɨɜɚ Ɋ.Ɋ...........................................107
Ɇɭɯɢɧ Ⱦ.ȼ. .......................................................4
Ɇɹɫɨɟɞɨɜɚ ȼ.ȼ..............................................166
Ɇ
Ɇɚɟɜɚ Ʉ.Ⱥ. ..................................... 67, 235, 267
Ɇɚɡɚɥɟɰɤɚɹ Ʌ.ɂ. .......................................... 345
Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ ɂ.ɋ. ............................................... 133
Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ ȿ.ɇ................................................. 68
Ɇɚɤɟɟɜ Ɇ.ȼ.................................................. 182
Ɇɚɤɟɟɜɚ Ɇ.ɘ............................................... 288
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ ȿ.ȼ. ................................. 155, 156
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ Ⱥ.Ʌ................................................ 32
Ɇɚɥɢɤɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. .............................................. 223
Ɇɚɥɤɨɜ ɘ.Ⱥ........................................... 10, 187
Ɇɚɥɵɲɟɜ Ɋ.Ɇ. ............................................... 52
Ɇɚɥɶɰɟɜɚ Ɍ.Ɉ........................................... 68, 98
Ɇɚɥɶɲɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ. ........................................ 226
Ɇɚɦɚɬɤɭɥɨɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ. ...................................... 306
Ɇɚɦɥɟɟɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ. ......................................... 69, 70
Ɇɚɦɵɤɢɧ Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ............................................. 321
Ɇɚɧɟɥɢɫ Ƚ.Ȼ. ........................................ 167, 198
Ɇɚɪɤɢɧ ȼ.ɂ.............................................. 46, 71
Ɇɚɪɤɨɜ ɉ.Ⱥ.................................................. 268
Ɇɚɪɦɨɧɬɨɜɚ Ɉ.ɋ.......................................... 158
Ɇɚɪɬɢɧɫɨɧ ȿ.Ⱥ. ........................................... 269
Ɇɚɪɬɢɪɨɫɨɜɚ ȿ.ɂ......................................... 277
Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜ ɇ.ȼ. ............................ 164, 169, 171
Ɇɚɬɜɢɟɧɤɨ Ʌ.Ƚ............................................... 30
Ɇɚɬɟɜɨɫɹɧ Ʌ.ȼ............................................. 291
Ɇɚɬɫɭɦɨɬɨ ɘ............................................... 172
Ɇɚɬɭɯɢɧɚ ȿ.ȼ............................................... 133
Ɇɚɯɦɚɞɢɺɪɨɜɚ ɑ.ɗ. ..................................... 346
Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜ ɋ.Ɉ. ............................................. 190
Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ ȿ.ɇ. ...................................... 10, 225
Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ ɇ.ɂ............................................... 43
Ɇɟɥɟɯ ɇ.ȼ. ................................................... 185
Ɇɟɧɶɲɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. ............................................. 199
Ɇɟɪɬɢɧ ɗ.ȼ. ................................................... 22
Ɇɟɪɬɢɧ ɗ.Ɇ. .................................................. 23
Ɇɟɬɟɥɟɜɚ Ⱦ.ɋ. ...................................... 217, 297
Ɇɟɬɟɥɟɜɚ ȿ.ɋ. .............................. 241, 269, 270
Ɇɢɤɨɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ. .................................................. 40
Ɇɢɥɶ ȿ.Ɇ. .................................................... 305
Ɇɢɥɶɰɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ................................................ 323
Ɇɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɋ. ......................................... 22, 23
Ɇɢɧɞɭɛɚɟɜ Ⱥ.Ɂ....................................... 71, 271
Ɇɢɧɡɚɧɨɜɚ ɋ.Ɍ....................................... 71, 271
Ɇɢɧɢɥɛɚɟɜɚ Ⱥ.ȼ. ........................................... 72
Ɇɢɪɨɧɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ȼ............................................ 272
Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ........................................ 71, 271
Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ ɉ.ȼ. .......................................... 6, 219
Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ƚ. ....................................... 71, 271
Ɇɢɪɨɲɧɢɱɟɧɤɨ ȼ.ȼ....................................... 73
Ɇɢɫɢɧ ȼ.Ɇ................................................... 158
Ɇɢɬɚɫɨɜ Ɇ.Ɇ............................................... 113
Ɇɢɬɢɧɚ Ƚ.ȼ. ................................................... 45
Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜ Ɋ.ɘ............................... 30, 37, 74
Ɇɢɬɪɨɮɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɇ. ...................................... 185
Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɢɞɢ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ................................... 75, 214
ɇ
ɇɚɛɢɟɜ Ⱥ. ......................................................307
ɇɚɛɢɟɜɚ Ʌ.Ɏ. ................................................229
ɇɚɛɢɭɥɥɢɧ Ⱥ.Ɋ. ................................................5
ɇɚɛɨɣɱɟɧɤɨ ɋ.ɋ............................................176
ɇɚɜɪɨɰɤɢɣ Ɇ.Ȼ.............................................329
ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ. .................................................136
ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜɚ ȼ.Ⱦ. ...............................................275
ɇɚɡɪɭɥɥɚɟɜ ɋ.ɋ.............................................344
ɇɚɩɢɥɤɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ..............................................81
ɇɚɪɛɭɬɚɟɜɚ Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ...........................................344
ɇɚɫɪɭɥɥɚɟɜ Ⱥ.Ɉ............................................346
ɇɚɭɦɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ.....................................................25
ɇɟɜɟɪɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ................................................225
ɇɟɝɚɧɨɜɚ Ɇ.ȿ................................................308
ɇɟɤɪɚɫɨɜɚ ȼ.Ȼ.................................................76
ɇɟɫɬɟɪɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ.................................................76
ɇɟɯɚɟɜ Ⱥ.ɂ......................................................32
ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ...............................................130
ɇɢɤɨɝɨɫɨɜ Ⱥ.ɏ. ............................164, 169, 171
ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɚ ȼ.Ɇ. ....................................108, 147
ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ȼ.Ɇ...........................................100
ɇɢɤɭɥɢɧ ɋ.ɋ. ................................................208
ɇɢɤɭɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ɇ........................................328
ɇɢɫɚɧɛɚɟɜɚ ɘ.Ɋ. ..................................217, 297
ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ ɇ.ɗ. ............................................199
ɇɢɮɚɧɬɶɟɜ ɗ.ȿ................99, 148, 149, 153, 158
ɇɢɲɚɧɛɚɟɜ Ɂ.ɋ. ............................................344
ɇɢɲɚɧɛɚɟɜ ɋ.Ɂ. ............................................306
355
ɉɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ⱥ....................................................78
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ɇ.........................................24
ɉɟɫɬɟɪɟɜɚ ɋ.Ⱥ.................................................24
ɉɟɬɪɟɧɤɨ ȿ.ȼ. ...............................................207
ɉɟɬɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ..............................................82, 83
ɉɟɬɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ......................................................54
ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ɋ. ....................................................71
ɉɟɬɭɯɨɜɚ ɇ.ɂ..................................................38
ɉɢɫɚɪɟɧɤɨ Ʌ.Ɇ...............................................64
ɉɢɹɥɤɢɧ ȼ.ɇ...........................................86, 116
ɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ƚ. ...............................................27
ɉɥɟɦɟɧɤɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ..............................................32
ɉɥɟɯɨɜɚ ȿ.Ʌ. .................................................174
ɉɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ȼ. ..............................83, 244, 247
ɉɨɜɚɪɧɢɰɵɧɚ Ɍ.ȼ.........................................280
ɉɨɝɨɪɟɥɨɜɚ ɘ.ɇ...........................................202
ɉɨɥɟɠɚɟɜɚ ɂ.ȼ. ............................................281
ɉɨɥɟɠɚɟɜɚ ɇ.ɂ. ............................................281
ɉɨɥɬɨɪɚɰɤɢɣ Ƚ.Ɇ...........................................80
ɉɨɥɭɤɟɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ................................................332
ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜ ȼ.ȼ..............................................65, 84
ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ƚ...................................................58
ɉɨɦɟɲɚɥɤɢɧ ȿ.ɂ. ...........................................25
ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ..............................85, 107, 165
ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ..............................................86
ɉɨɩɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ.............................................132, 140
ɉɨɩɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. ....................................................282
ɉɨɩɨɜɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ..........................................330, 331
ɉɨɩɨɜɚ ȿ.ɇ. ..................................................215
ɉɨɩɨɜɚ Ʌ.Ɇ...............................................86, 87
ɉɨɩɨɜɚ ɇ.Ɋ....................................................280
ɉɨɩɨɜɚ Ɉ.ȼ. ..................................................142
ɉɨɩɨɜɚ ɋ.ɋ. ..................................................142
ɉɨɫɤɚɱɢɧɚ ȿ.Ɋ. ...............................................80
ɉɨɬɚɩɨɜ ȿ.ɗ. .................................................218
ɉɨɲɢɧɚ Ⱦ.ɇ..................................................208
ɉɪɚɧɨɜɢɱ Ⱥ.ȼ. ..............................................182
ɉɪɨɲɟɜɚ ȼ.ɂ.................................................283
ɉɪɭɬɟɧɫɤɚɹ ȿ.Ⱥ. ...................................166, 197
ɉɭɝɚɱɟɜɚ ɂ.ɇ. ...............................................208
ɉɵɪɹɟɜ ɉ.Ⱥ.....................................................30
ɇɨɜɚɤɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ................................................. 329
ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜ Ɋ.Ⱥ................................................. 101
ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɚ Ɉ.ȼ............................................... 152
ɇɨɜɨɠɟɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ.............................................. 35
ɇɨɜɨɠɢɥɨɜ ȿ.ȼ. ........................................... 208
ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɨɜɚ ɇ.ȼ. .......................................... 103
ɇɨɫɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ. ................................................... 154
ɇɭɪɤɟɧɨɜ Ɉ.Ⱥ. ..................................... 276, 294
ɇɹɧɢɤɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ƚ.................................................. 87
Ɉ
Ɉɛɥɭɱɢɧɫɤɚɹ ȿ.Ⱦ. ................................ 256, 276
Ɉɛɪɟɡɤɨɜɚ Ɇ.ȼ............................................... 77
Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɘ.ɋ. ................................................ 269
Ɉɜɨɞɨɜɚ Ɋ.Ƚ.................................................. 269
Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜ Ɇ.ɘ. ....................................... 321
Ɉɜɱɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ........................................... 7
Ɉɞɹɤɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ................................................. 205
Ɉɠɢɦɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ...................................... 216, 277
Ɉɥɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱦ.ɇ. ............................................. 78
Ɉɥɟɯɧɨɜɢɱ Ʌ.ɋ..................................... 263, 264
Ɉɥɶɲɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ʌ.ɇ. ......................................... 142
Ɉɦɟɥɶɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ............................................. 200
Ɉɦɵɪɡɚɤɨɜ Ɇ.Ɍ. .......................................... 252
Ɉɧɭɱɢɧɚ ɇ.Ⱥ................................................ 225
Ɉɩɚɪɢɧ Ɋ.Ⱦ..................................................... 36
Ɉɩɚɪɢɧɚ Ʌ.Ⱥ. ......................................... 79, 164
Ɉɪɟɯɨɜɚ ȿ.ɇ. ................................................ 107
Ɉɪɥɢɧɫɨɧ Ȼ.ɋ............................................... 329
Ɉɪɥɨɜ ɋ.ȿ..................................................... 213
Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ ɘ.ȼ. ................................................ 278
Ɉɫɢɩɨɜɚ ɋ.Ɉ...................................................