МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ - МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана

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.,
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» ( 6)
– 2012 .
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-2-
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-3-
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,
«
» 6
.
.
,
6,
.
,
.
-4-
,
.
1.
:
(
).
,
1–20
v ,
,
,
.
, v –
–
,
.
1
v
.
,
.
.
-5-
1.
,
.
v ,
3
Ti=15
100
300
1
D+T n (14.1) +4He (3.5)
2.6 10-22
8.3 10-22
5.0 10-22
2a
D+D n (2.45) +3He (0.817)
1.5 10-24
0.2 10-22
0.73 10-22
2b
D+D p (3.02) +T (1.01)
1.4 10-24
0.2 10-22
0.59 10-22
3
D+3He p (14.68) +4He (3.67)
2.1 10-25
1.7 10-22
2.57 10-22
4a
D+6Li n (2.958) +7Be (0.423)
0.9 10-23
0.48 10-22
4b
D+6Li n (~0.66) +3He+4He+1.794
0.6 10-23
0.37 10-22
4c
D+6Li p (4.397) +7Li (0.628)
1.2 10-23
0.72 10-22
4d
D+6Li p+T+4He+2.257
1.4 10-23
0.88 10-22
4e
D+6Li
0.39 10-23
0.17 10-22
5
D+7Be p+4He+4He+16.766
1.2 10-23
2.1 10-22
6
p+6Li
1.7 10-23
0.79 10-22
7a
p+9Be D+4He+4He+0.651
7.2 10-23
2.2 10-22
7b
p+9Be
6.3 10-23
1.9 10-22
8
p+11B 34He+8.681
6.1 10-23
3.4 10-22
9
3
~0.5 10-24
~10-23
4
3
He+4He+22.371
He (2.3) +4He (1.722)
4
He (1.277) +6Li (0.851)
He+3He p+p+4He+12.86
-6-
D-T
,
.
,
:
(
,
,
.)
;
;
(
)
.
1
3
:
i ( Pfus
Pn ) Pext
Pi
3n k T
2 i B i
e
i
e ( Pfus
Pn )
Pi
e
Pbr
e
Ps
.
(2)
E
–
,
,
; Pfus –
; Pn –
,
,
; Pext –
; Pi–e –
,
; Pbr –
; Ps –
;
,
(1)
3n k T
2 e B e
i
i
,
E
E
–
(
).
-7-
Pfus
v
Rij ni n j
k
Wk ,
(3)
i, j, k
i, j –
i
; Rij
;k–
j , Rij
1/ 2
i
j;
v
k
1
–
; Wk –
,
.
Pn,
(3),
,
Wk
.
,
,
.
,
Pi
e
3 n k (T
2 i B i
Te )
,
(4)
ie
ie
–
.
Pbr
Pe
i
Pe i .
(5)
Pe-i
Pe-e
.
-8-
Te > 10
< 2 %)
[
. 2000. . 26,
Pe
i
Pe
32
3
e
2
Pe
. //
21. . 61–66]:
2
re2 me c 3 ne2 Z eff
1/ 2
4C F
.,
e
y
9
8
2
y ln 2 y
re2 me c 3 ne2 y 3 / 2 (1 1.17 y
24 re2 me c 3 ne2 y ln( 2 y )
1
2
3
2
C
0.28 y 2
5
4
exp( 2 y ) , (6)
0.6 y 3 ) , y 1, (7)
y 1, (8)
C,
y = kBTe/mec2 –
(mec2 = 511
),
–
, re –
, me –
,c–
, CF = (5/9)(44-3 2)
, C = 0.5772... –
2
Z eff
Z i2 ni
i
Z i ni –
8,
.
i
,
Ps 0
0
–
2
) k B Te
32 2
3 2 B0 (1
re me c ne
3
2 0 ne k BTe me c 2
, B0 –
.
2
,
(9)
.
.
-9-
Ps
Ps 0 ,
(10)
,
–
.
Te = 5...100
60 y 3 / 2
2
p
c
ce
a
1
s (1
)
,
(11)
;a–
(
,
);
;
ce
p
–
–
;
;
2a
;R–
R 2 y
,
s
–
–
.
(Te = 100...1000
)
1
T*
204
T*
341(1 1 / y )
1 320( *) (T *)
T* –
3/ 2
, *
,
(12)
2
p
c
ce
a
1
,
s
0.39 10 / T * .
- 10 -
Pext = 0
.
,
Q
Pext
Pfus / Pext
0, Q
10 .
.
(13)
- 11 -
.
B
E
m
m
m
m
m –
dv x
dt
dv y
dt
dv z
dt
dv
dt
q (E v B ) ,
(14)
q( E x
v y Bz
v z By ) ,
(15)
q( E y
v z Bx
v x Bz ) ,
(16)
q( E z
v x By
v y Bx ) ,
(17)
, vx
, q –
dx
, vy
dt
dy
dt
vz
dz
–
dt
df
dt
,
f.
B=const
,
.
E=0,
- 12 -
qB
.
m
c
(
(18)
)
mv
,
| qB|
c
v –
(19)
,
.
,
,
(v||=const).
,
,
v||=0.
m
m
dv x
dt
dv y
dt
B||Oz.
q( E x
v y B) ,
(20)
q( E y
v x B) .
(21)
, . .
B
B
1
c
,
E
B
1
c
,
1 B
B t
c,
1 E
B t
:
.
c.
(22)
- 13 -
dr
dt
Vdr –
Vdr ,
(
(23)
,
,
.).
.
,
,
.
(20), (21)
(23)
,
(22)
.
:
1)
.
.
–
.
2)
Ex
dE
dx
dE
x,
dx
Ex 0
const –
(
(24)
)
.
3)
B
B0
dB
x,
dx
(25)
- 14 -
dB
dx
const –
(
4)
)
.
.
Ey
vph –
E y 0 cos[k ( y v ph t )] ,
,k–
(26)
.
- 15 -
:
.
.
,
-6
- 16 -
1.
?
,
,
p
= nikTi + nekTe (+ n0kT0)
E
E
,
= 13,6
)–
: 1
1
E:
T:
T
10
T > 10
–1
– 1,6 10–19
1
– 11600
100 000
100
.
- 17 -
3.
3.1.
p
)
ni kTi
ne kTe
pM
B02
2 0
p
pM
1
- 18 -
ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)
0.1
- 19 -
3.2.
- 20 -
NIF (National Ignition Facility
- 21 -
4.
1.
1) D + T
2) D + 3He
n (14.1
) + 4He (3.5
,
)
) + 4He (3.67
p (14.68
3He
)
,
3) D + D
4) D + D
n (2.45
p (3.02
) + 3He (0.817
) + T (1.01
)
)
3He
5) p + 11B
34He + 8.681
11B
- 22 -
,
102
101
3
D–T
D–3He
2.
p–11B
100
D–D
10-1
3He–3He
D–T
D–3He,
D–D
10-2
p–11B
10-3
10-4
100
101
102
,
103
Ti Te
10 – 15
Ti
Ti
Te
40 – 80
150 – 200
Te < Ti
= 0,03 – 0,1
> 0,5
1
- 23 -
5.
5.1.
D–T-
=
0,1
. 5.1.
- 24 -
. 5.2.
JET:
- 25 -
0,05
. 5.5.
- 26 -
5.2.
(
. 5.3.
»(
)
. 5.4.
)
0,4–0,6)
- 27 -
5.3.
1
(FRC = Field Reversed Configuration)
. 5.5.
FRC (
)
. 5.6.
. 5.7.
FRC
ARTEMIS)
FRC
- 28 -
. 5.9
LDX
(Levitated Dipole Experiment)
. 5.10.
LDX
- 29 -
. 5.12.
. 5.10.
)
- 30 -
D–3He-
6.
D–3He-
6.1.
[12]
[13]
FRC
[14]
[7]
[15]
~2
a,
2
3
1.6
0.5–1
L,
–
–
35
50
–
3
1.5
1
–
–
B0,
,
x3He = n3He/nD
2.5
3.8
–
–
–
11.3
3.2
5
5–17
~ 14
38
200
–
–
–
0.09
0.54
0.46
0.7
> 0.5
0.2
0.36
1
1
0.3
50
60
60
65/130*
50
0.92
0.65
0.5
0.65
0.6
14**
16**
4***
7****
6****
2500
1500
1000
654–685
~ 1000
0.40
0.60
0.53
0.25
0.27
0.33
0.023
0.06
0.10
0.3
0.12
0.15
0.07
0.016–0.036
0.16
20
20
20
10
20
T,
s
,
Pfus,
Pbr /Pfus
Ps/Pfus
Pn/Pfus
Q = Pfus/Pext
*
; **
dV/dr ~ 3 105 c–1); ****
ITER; ***
- 31 -
p–11B
7.
. 7.2.
. 7.1.
p + 11B
34He + 8,6
).
0,3
- 32 -
p–11B (
)
. 7.3.
p–11BxB = 0.15:
. 7.4.
p–11B-
B0 = 15
,
= 1:
–––––
,
1–
»;
–-–-–-–
––––
;
2–
=5
15
,
=1
»);
,
B0 =
- 33 -
1.
.
.
.:
.
.
, 2006.
2.
.,
.
.
.:
.
.
,
2008.
3.
.
.
, 1987.
4.
.,
//
. – 1982. – . 2. – . 9–28.
5.
.,
.
.
//
. – 2000. –
6.
.
.
.
. 3. – . 28–35.
.,
.
.
.:
,
1981.
7.
.,
.
D–T, D–3He
– 2000. – . 26,
8.
D–D
//
.
21 – . 61–66.
.
//
. 7. /
.
.
,
:
.
, 1973.
. 274–
300.
9.
.
.
.:
.
, 2007.
.