антиоксидантные ферменты в каллусах гречихи с различной
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Раздел 1 141 ɍȾɄ 581.1 ȺɇɌɂɈɄɋɂȾȺɇɌɇɕȿ ɎȿɊɆȿɇɌɕ ȼ ɄȺɅɅɍɋȺɏ ȽɊȿɑɂɏɂ ɋ ɊȺɁɅɂɑɇɈɃ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɇɈɋɌɖɘ Ʉ ɆɈɊɎɈȽȿɇȿɁɍ1 Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ Ƚ.ȼ., Ⱥɤɭɥɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ., Ɋɭɦɹɧɰɟɜɚ ɇ.ɂ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɇɐ ɊȺɇ ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ (Ɋɨɝɨɜɢɧ, 1998; Cassels, Curry, 2001) ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ in vitro. Ʉɥɟɬɤɢ, ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɵɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɚɧɬɚ (Yahraus et al., 1995), ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ (Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ, Ɋɢɜɤɢɧ, 1991). Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ȺɎɄ) ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ȾɇɄ ɹɞɪɚ, ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɍɞɨɛɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɫɨɦɚɤɥɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ - Fagopyrum tataricum ɢ F. esculentum. ɋɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɆɄ F. tataricum ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɆɄ F. esculentum ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɡɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɞɢɫɦɭɬɚɡɚ (ɋɈȾ) - ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ, ɜɧɨɫɹɳɢɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. 1 Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɦ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɊɌ ʋ 03-3.6-29. 142 Структура и динамика молекулярных систем, 2007 г., Выпуск №1 ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ, ɨɬɧ.ɟɞ/ɝ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɟ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ Ʉɚɥɥɭɫɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 26+ 20ɋ, ɜ ɬɟɦɧɨɬɟ, ɧɚ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ Rɏ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɚɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨ Ȼɨɹɪɤɢɧɭ (ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜ, 1987). Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɈȾ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ Giannopolitis ɢ Ries (1977) ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɝɟɥɟ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɧɚɬɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɋɈȾ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ Greneche et al. (1991), ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Laemmli (1978). Ɉɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɟɥɢ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ: Scion image (www. scioncorp.com) ɢ Adobe PhotoShop 7.0. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ 80000 ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬ ɧɵɯ 60000 ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ 40000 ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ 20000 ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ 0 (Shim et al., 1-8ɪ 1-5ɪ 1-3 1-8 1-5 1-3 1-18 3-12 2-4 2-15 2003). ȼ F.tataricum ɇɄ F.tataricum F. esculentum F. esculentum ɆɄ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɆɄ ɇɄ Ɋɢɫ.1. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ Chaudhry et al. (1993) ɢ Cui et al. (1999) ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɇɄ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɇɄ F. tataricum (ɪɢɫ.1.) Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɈȾ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɚɯ F. esculentum, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɇɄ (ɪɢɫ.2.). Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɪɮɧɵɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ. Ɇɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ Раздел 1 143 ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɈȾ, ɨɬɧ.ɟɞ/ɝ ɫɵɪɨɝɨ ɜɟɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɤɚɤ 200000 ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ 100000 ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɚ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ 0 1-8ɪ 1-5ɪ 1-3 1-8 1-5 1-3 1-18 3-12 2-4 2-15 ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ F. tataricum ɇɄ F. tataricum F. F. esculentum ɆɄ ɆɄ esculentum ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɇɄ ɢɡɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɆɄ Ɋɢɫ.2. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɈȾ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ ɢ ɇɄ ɦɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ, ɨɛɳɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ: ɜ ɆɄ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɩɥɟɬ 66-58 ɤȾɚ, ɜ ɇɄ ɢɡɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ 92 ɢ 40 ɤȾɚ (ɪɢɫ.3.). ȼ ɇɄ F. tataricum ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɵ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɆɄ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡ ɪɢɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɚ F. esculentum ɦɵ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɢ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɭ 50 ɤȾɚ, ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɶ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ (Shannon, 1986), ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɜɧɨɫɹ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɇ2Ɉ2. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɦɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ F. esculentum. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ 92 ɤȾɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɋɈȾ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɞɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ. Ƚɚɪɧɢɤ ɫ ɫɨɚɜɬ. (2004) ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɭ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɋɈȾ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɋɈȾ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɆɄ F. tataricum ɛɵɥɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɚ III, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɜ ɇɄ 300000 144 Структура и динамика молекулярных систем, 2007 г., Выпуск №1 ɢ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɚɯ F. esculentum (ɪɢɫ.4). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɧɟɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ: ɜ ɇɄ F. esculentum ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ 4 Ɋɢɫ.3. ɋɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɜ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɵ ɋɈȾ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ F. tataricum ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɟ. ɗɬɨ ɮɚɤɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɋɈȾ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɜ ɇɄ F. esculentum. ɒɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɆɄ F. tataricum ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɋɈȾ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɬɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɬ.ɤ. ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɋɈȾ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɢɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɚɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧ ɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ȺɎɄ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ Ɋɢɫ.4. ɋɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ ɋɈȾ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɨɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɪɟɱɢɯɢ ɢɡɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ ȺɎɄ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɇɄ F. tataricum ɢ ɜ ɤɚɥɥɭɫɚɯ F. esculentum ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɆɄ F. tataricum ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɮɨɪɦɵ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɈȾ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɤ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɇ2Ɉ2 ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, Раздел 1 145 ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɇ2Ɉ2, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨ-ɢ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜ ɂ.ɉ., Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ ɇ.ɉ // Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. 1994. Ɍ.41, ʋ 4. ɋ.467. 2. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɘ.Ɇ., Ɋɢɜɤɢɧ Ɇ.ɂ. // Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ. 1991. ɋ.127. 3. Cassels A.C., Curry R.F. // Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 2001.V.64, ʋ1. P.145. 4. Chaudhry Z., Rashid H., Qurashi A.//Pakistan J. Sci. and Ind. Res. 1993.V.36, ʋ1. P.20. 5. ɋui K., Xing G., Liu X., Xing G., Wang Y.//Plant Science. 1999. V.146, ʋ 1. P.9. 6. Giannopolitis C.N., Ries S.K. // Plant Physiol. 1977. V. 59. P. 309. 7. Laemmli U. K. // Nature. 1970. V. 227. P. 680. 8. Ƚɚɪɧɢɤ ȿ.ɘ., Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ.ȼ., Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ // Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. 2004. Ɍ.51. ʋ3. ɋ.429 9. Yahraus T, Chandra S, Legendre L. // Plant Phsiol. 1995.V. 109. P. 1259.
