Козлова Е.К., Сергунова В.А., Красавин Е.А., Борейко А.В

¨¸Ó³ ¢ —Ÿ. 2016. ’. 13, º 1(199). ‘. 220Ä232
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¡Ñ¥¤¨´¥´´Ò° ¨´¸É¨ÉÊÉ Ö¤¥·´ÒÌ ¨¸¸²¥¤μ¢ ´¨°, „Ê¡´ –¥²ÓÕ · ¡μÉÒ Ö¢²Ö¥É¸Ö ¨§ÊÎ¥´¨¥ ²μ± ²Ó´ÒÌ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢,
¢μ§´¨± ÕÐ¨Ì ¢ ·¥§Ê²ÓÉ É¥ ¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö ʲÓÉ· Ë¨μ²¥Éμ¢μ£μ (“”) ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ±·μ¢Ó, in vitro. ¨μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨¥ ¶μ¸²¥¤¸É¢¨Ö ¢ Ô·¨É·μÍ¨É Ì ¶μ¸²¥ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¸ ¤²¨´μ° ¢μ²´Ò λ = 254 ´³ ¢μ
³´μ£μ³ ¡²¨§±¨ ÔËË¥±É ³ ¶·¨ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨¨ γ-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö. μ± § ´μ, ÎÉμ 챨¸²¨É¥²Ó´Ò¥ ¶·μÍ¥¸¸Ò,
¢μ§´¨± ÕШ¥ ¢ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ ¶·¨ ¤¥°¸É¢¨¨ “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö, ¶·¨¢μ¤ÖÉ ± ´ ·ÊÏ¥´¨Õ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò
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Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢.
The aim is to study the local topological defects of erythrocytes membranes resulting from the
action of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the blood, in vitro. Biological effects of the erythrocytes after
exposure to UV radiation with a wavelength λ = 254 nm are much similar to the effects when exposed
to γ radiation. It is shown that the oxidative processes that occur in the suspension under the action of
UV radiation resulted in disruption of the membranes of erythrocytes nanostructure. In the experiments
there were observed typical topological defects of membranes nanostructure. Parameters of defects
differ from the characteristics of the control cell membrane nanostructure without irradiation. The
characteristic dimensions of topological defects are commensurate with the size of spectrin matrix. As
a result of exposure to UV radiation polymorphism of erythrocytes was observed.
PACS: 87.53.-j
Š ± ¨§¢¥¸É´μ, ¤¥°¸É¢¨¥ ¨μ´¨§¨·ÊÕÐ¨Ì ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨° ¨ “”-¸¢¥É ´ ±²¥É±¨ ¢Ò§Ò¢ ¥É
¶μ¢·¥¦¤¥´¨Ö ´¥ Éμ²Ó±μ £¥´¥É¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·, ´μ ¨ ±²¥ÉμδÒÌ ³¥³¡· ´ [1Ä4]. ¸μ¡Ò°
¶· ±É¨Î¥¸±¨° ¨´É¥·¥¸ ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²Ö¥É ¨§ÊÎ¥´¨¥ ¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨° ´ ³¥³¡· ´Ò ±· ¸´ÒÌ
±²¥Éμ± ±·μ¢¨ (Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢).
1 E-mail:
[email protected]
‹μ± ²Ó´Ò¥ ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ 221
´¥¥ ³¥Éμ¤μ³ ± ²¨¡·μ¢ ´´μ° Ô²¥±É·μ¶μ· ͨ¨ ¡Ò²μ ¶μ± § ´μ, ÎÉμ ¢ ³¥³¡· ´ Ì Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ ¢μ§´¨± ÕÉ ² É¥´É´Ò¥ ¶μ¢·¥¦¤¥´¨Ö ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ¢ Ϩ·μ±μ³ ¤¨ ¶ §μ´¥ ¤μ§.
ɨ ¶·μÍ¥¸¸Ò ¡Ò²¨ ¨§ÊÎ¥´Ò ¤²Ö γ-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö, ¤²Ö ¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö ÉÖ¦¥²ÒÌ ¨μ´μ¢ Å ¨μ´μ¢
¡μ· , ¤²Ö ¶ÊÎ±μ¢ Ê¸±μ·¥´´ÒÌ Ô²¥±É·μ´μ¢ [5Ä7]. ‚μ§´¨±´μ¢¥´¨¥ ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò
³¥³¡· ´ ¸μ¶·μ¢μ¦¤ ²μ¸Ó ´ ·ÊÏ¥´¨Ö³¨ ¨μ´´μ£μ μ¡³¥´ ¨, ± ± ¸²¥¤¸É¢¨¥, ¨§³¥´¥´¨Ö³¨
³μ·Ëμ²μ£¨¨ ±²¥Éμ±. μ± § ´μ, ÎÉμ ¶·¨ ¸É¥·¨²¨§ ͨ¨ ¤μ´μ·¸±μ° ±·μ¢¨ ¨²¨ Ô·¨É·μꬃ ·´μ° ¢§¢¥¸¨ ¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ ¨μ´¨§¨·ÊÕÐ¥£μ ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¢ ¤μ§ Ì ¤μ ¤¥¸ÖÉ±μ¢ ±¨²μ£·¥° £¥³ Éμ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨¥ ¶μ± § É¥²¨ ±·μ¢¨ ¨§³¥´Ö²¨¸Ó [8]. ‚ ·¥§Ê²ÓÉ É¥ ´ ·ÊÏ ²¸Ö £ §μμ¡³¥´
³¥¦¤Ê ±·μ¢ÓÕ ¨ ɱ ´Ö³¨, ¨ · §¢¨¢ ²¨¸Ó ¶ Éμ˨§¨μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨¥ ¶·μÍ¥¸¸Ò ¢ μ·£ ´¨§³¥ ¢
Í¥²μ³ [9, 10].
„¥É¥±É¨·μ¢ ´¨¥ ¨ ¨§ÊÎ¥´¨¥ μ¸μ¡¥´´μ¸É¥° ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·´ÒÌ ¨§³¥´¥´¨° ¡¨μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ³¥³¡· ´ ¶·¨ ¤¥°¸É¢¨¨ ¨μ´¨§¨·ÊÕÐ¨Ì ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨° μ¸²μ¦´Ö¥É¸Ö É¥³, ÎÉμ É·¥¡Ê¥É ¶·μ¢¥¤¥´¨Ö
¡μ²ÓÏμ£μ ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢ Ô±¸¶¥·¨³¥´Éμ¢ ²¨¡μ ¸ · ¤¨μ ±É¨¢´Ò³¨ ¨¸Éμ䨱 ³¨, ²¨¡μ ´ ʸ±μ·¨É¥²ÖÌ. ‚ Éμ ¦¥ ¢·¥³Ö ·Ö¤ § ±μ´μ³¥·´μ¸É¥° ³μ¦´μ ¢ÒÖ¢¨ÉÓ ¢ Ô±¸¶¥·¨³¥´É Ì in vitro
¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ Ê²ÓÉ· Ë¨μ²¥Éμ¢μ£μ (“”) ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö. ¨μ˨§¨Î¥¸±¨³ μ¡μ¸´μ¢ ´¨¥³ ÔÉμ£μ
Ö¢²Ö¥É¸Ö Éμ, ÎÉμ ¤¥°¸É¢¨¥ “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ±·μ¢Ó, É ± ¦¥ ± ± ¨ ¨μ´¨§¨·ÊÕÐ¥£μ ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö, ¢Ò§Ò¢ ¥É μ¡· §μ¢ ´¨¥ ±É¨¢´ÒÌ Ëμ·³ ±¨¸²μ·μ¤ (”Š) ¨ ʸ¨²¥´¨¥ 챨¸²¨É¥²Ó´ÒÌ
¶·μÍ¥¸¸μ¢ ± ± ¢ ³μ²¥±Ê² Ì £¥³μ£²μ¡¨´ , É ± ¨ ¢ ³μ²¥±Ê² Ì ³¥³¡· ´ ±· ¸´ÒÌ ±²¥Éμ±
±·μ¢¨ [9]. μÔÉμ³Ê “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨¥ Ö¢²Ö¥É¸Ö ¤¥±¢ É´μ° ²ÓÉ¥·´ ɨ¢μ° γ-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ± ± ¢
±²¨´¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¸²ÊÎ ÖÌ, É ± ¨ ¢ ¨¸¸²¥¤μ¢ ´¨ÖÌ in vitro [1, 11Ä13]. ¨μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨¥ ¶μ¸²¥¤¸É¢¨Ö ¢ Ô·¨É·μÍ¨É Ì ¶μ¸²¥ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¸ ¤²¨´μ° ¢μ²´Ò λ = 254 ´³ ¢μ
³´μ£μ³ ¡²¨§±¨ ÔËË¥±É ³ ¶·¨ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨¨ γ-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö [8, 11].
¥·¸¶¥±É¨¢´Ò³ ³¥Éμ¤μ³ ¨§ÊÎ¥´¨Ö Éμ¶μ²μ£¨¨ ³¥³¡· ´ ¶·¨ ²Õ¡ÒÌ ¢¨¤ Ì ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨°
Ö¢²Ö¥É¸Ö Éμ³´ Ö ¸¨²μ¢ Ö ³¨±·μ¸±μ¶¨Ö (‘Œ) [14Ä18]. ‘Œ ¶μ§¢μ²Ö¥É ·¥£¨¸É·¨·μ¢ ÉÓ
· §³¥·Ò ¡¨μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ· ¤μ 0,1 ´³. Œ¥Éμ¤μ³ ‘Œ ¡Ò²μ ¶μ± § ´μ, ÎÉμ ¨³¥´´μ
²μ± ²Ó´Ò¥ ¨§³¥´¥´¨Ö ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´Ò Ö¢²ÖÕÉ¸Ö ¶Ê¸±μ¢Ò³ ³¥Ì ´¨§³μ³ ¨§³¥´¥´¨Ö Ëμ·³ ±· ¸´ÒÌ ±²¥Éμ± ±·μ¢¨ ¶·¨ ¤²¨É¥²Ó´μ³ Ì· ´¥´¨¨ ¤μ´μ·¸±μ° ±·μ¢¨, ¶·¨ ¨´Éμ±¸¨± ͨ¨, ¶·¨ ³ ¸¸¨¢´μ° ±·μ¢μ¶μÉ¥·¥ [16, 17, 19Ä21]. ‘Œ ³μ¦¥É ¡ÒÉÓ ¨¸¶μ²Ó§μ¢ ´ ± ± ÔËË¥±É¨¢´Ò° ³¥Éμ¤ ´ ²¨§ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ ±²¥Éμ± ±·μ¢¨ ¶μ¸²¥ ¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö
¨μ´¨§¨·ÊÕÐ¥£μ ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¢ · ¤¨μ¡¨μ²μ£¨¨ ¨ Ö¤¥·´μ° ³¥¤¨Í¨´¥.
–¥²ÓÕ · ¡μÉÒ Ö¢²Ö¥É¸Ö ¨§ÊÎ¥´¨¥ ²μ± ²Ó´ÒÌ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢, ¢μ§´¨± ÕÐ¨Ì ¢ ·¥§Ê²ÓÉ É¥ ¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ±·μ¢Ó, in vitro.
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¶ÒÉÒ ¶·μ¢μ¤¨²¨¸Ó ¶μ ¸Ì¥³¥, ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´´μ° ´ ·¨¸. 1.
1. ‡ ¡μ· ±·μ¢¨ ¶·μ¨§¢μ¤¨²¨ ¢ ³¨±·μ¢¥ÉÉÒ ¸ „’ (®Sarstedt AG and Co.¯, ƒ¥·³ ´¨Ö)
¢μ ¢·¥³Ö ¶·μ˨² ±É¨Î¥¸±μ£μ μ¸³μÉ· Ê Î¥ÉÒ·¥Ì ¤μ´μ·μ¢ ³Ê¦¸±μ£μ ¶μ² 27Ä34 ²¥É. ‚
¨¸¸²¥¤μ¢ ´¨¨ ¨¸¶μ²Ó§μ¢ ²¨¸Ó £·Ê¶¶Ò ±·μ¢¨ 0, , ‚ ¨ ‚. ‚ ¸μμÉ¢¥É¸É¢¨¨ ¸ É·¥¡μ¢ ´¨Ö³¨ ÔɨΥ¸±μ£μ ±μ³¨É¥É ˆˆ μ¡Ð¥° ·¥ ´¨³ Éμ²μ£¨¨ ¨³. ‚. . ¥£μ¢¸±μ£μ Œ ¡Ò²μ
¶μ²ÊÎ¥´μ ¸μ£² ¸¨¥ ¢¸¥Ì ¤μ´μ·μ¢ ´ ¶·μ¢¥¤¥´¨¥ ¨¸¸²¥¤μ¢ ´¨°.
2. –¥²Ó´ Ö ±·μ¢Ó ¸ÊÐ¥¸É¢¥´´μ ¶μ£²μÐ ¥É “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨¥ ¸ ¤²¨´μ° ¢μ²´Ò λ = 254 ´³.
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±·μ¢Ó · §¡ ¢²Ö² ¸Ó ¢ Ëμ¸Ë É´μ³ ¡ÊË¥·¥ (PBS · 7,4) ¤μ £¥³ Éμ±·¨É 0,013. „²Ö ÔÉμ£μ
¢ ³¥¤¨Í¨´¸±¨¥ ¶² ¸É¨±μ¢Ò¥ ±Õ¢¥ÉÒ ´ ²¨¢ ²¨ 24 ³² ¡ÊË¥·´μ£μ · ¸É¢μ· ¨ ¤μ¡ ¢²Ö²¨
222 Šμ§²μ¢ …. Š. ¨ ¤·.
¨¸. 1. ‘Ì¥³ Ô±¸¶¥·¨³¥´É : 1 Å ¶·¨£μÉμ¢²¥´¨¥ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢; 2 Å ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨¥ “”¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö; 3 Šͥ´É·¨ËÊ£¨·μ¢ ´¨¥; 4 Å ¶·¨£μÉμ¢²¥´¨¥ ³ §±μ¢ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢; 5 Å Éμ³´ Ö ¸¨²μ¢ Ö
³¨±·μ¸±μ¶¨Ö; 6 Å ´ ²¨§ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´; 7 Å ¨§³¥·¥´¨¥ ±μ´Í¥´É· ͨ¨ ¨μ´μ¢ ¢´¥±²¥Éμδμ£μ ± ²¨Ö
800 ³±² Í¥²Ó´μ° ±·μ¢¨ (£¥³ Éμ±·¨É 0,4). ‚ ·¥§Ê²ÓÉ É¥ £¥³ Éμ±·¨É ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ ¡Ò² 0,013.
ˆ§ ¶μ²ÊÎ¥´´μ° ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ 12 ³² μ¸É ¢²Ö²¨ ¡¥§ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö (±μ´É·μ²Ó). „·Ê£¨¥ 12 ³² ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ μ¡²ÊÎ ²¨ “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨¥³ in vitro. ‚·¥³Ö Ì· ´¥´¨Ö
¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ 1 Î.
‚ ± Î¥¸É¢¥ ¨¸Éμ䨱 ʲÓÉ· Ë¨μ²¥Éμ¢μ£μ ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¨¸¶μ²Ó§μ¢ ²¸Ö ʲÓÉ· Ë¨μ²¥Éμ¢Ò°
μ¡²ÊΠɥ²Ó (“¶-3-3 Å Š’, μ¸¸¨Ö). „²¨´ ¢μ²´Ò ¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö λ = 254 ´³, Ô´¥·£¨Ö
ËμÉμ´ E = 4,8 Ô‚, ¡ ±É¥·¨Í¨¤´Ò° ¶μÉμ± ² ³¶Ò Φ = 4,8 ‚É. ²μÐ ¤Ó μ¡²ÊÎ ¥³μ°
¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ ¢ ±Õ¢¥É¥ S = 12 ¸³2 .
Í¥´±Ê ¶μ£²μÐ¥´´μ° ¤μ§Ò ¶·¨ ¤¥°¸É¢¨¨ “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨Õ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢
¶·μ¢μ¤¨²¨ ¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ ¤μ§¨³¥É· ”·¨±±¥ [22]. Œ¥·μ° ¶μ£²μÐ¥´´μ° ¤μ§Ò ¸²Ê¦¨² ±μ´Í¥´É· ꬅ ¸μ²¨ É·¥Ì¢ ²¥´É´μ£μ ¦¥²¥§ Fe3+ , ¢ ±μÉμ·ÊÕ ¶·¨ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨¨ ¢μ¤´μ£μ · ¸É¢μ· ¶¥·¥Ì줨² ¸μ²Ó ¤¢ÊÌ¢ ²¥´É´μ£μ ¦¥²¥§ Fe2+ ¶μ¤ ¤¥°¸É¢¨¥³
’ ¡²¨Í 1. „μ§Ò ¤²Ö · §²¨Î¶·μ¤Ê±Éμ¢ · ¤¨μ²¨§ ¢μ¤Ò. Šμ´Í¥´É· Í¨Õ ¸μ²¨ É·¥Ì¢ ´ÒÌ ¢·¥³¥´ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö
²¥´É´μ£μ ¦¥²¥§ ¨§³¥·Ö²¨ ¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ ¸¶¥±É·μËμÉμ³¥É·¨Î¥‚·¥³Ö μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö, „μ§ ,
¸±μ£μ ³¥Éμ¤ ´ ¤²¨´¥ ¢μ²´Ò λ = 304 ´³ (¸¶¥±É·μËμÉμ³¥É·
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μÉ´. ¥¤.
Unico 2800, ‘˜). ·¨ Ê¢¥²¨Î¥´¨¨ ¤μ§Ò ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”0
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¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¢μ§· ¸É ² ±μ´Í¥´É· ꬅ Fe3+ ¨, ¸μμÉ¢¥É¸É¢¥´´μ,
5
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Ê¢¥²¨Î¨¢ ² ¸Ó μ¶É¨Î¥¸± Ö ¶²μÉ´μ¸ÉÓ · ¸É¢μ· .
10
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„μ§Ê μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¢ ·Ó¨·μ¢ ²¨ ¨§³¥´¥´¨¥³ ¢·¥³¥´¨ μ¡²Ê20
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30
0,5
(±μ´É·μ²Ó),
5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 ³¨´. „²Ö ± ¦¤μ° ¤μ§Ò μ¡40
0,6
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Š ¦¤Ò° μ¶ÒÉ ¶μ¢Éμ·Ö²¨ É·¨ · § . „μ§Ò ¤²Ö · §´ÒÌ ¢·¥³¥´
¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö μÍ¥´¨¢ ²¨ ¶μ μ¶É¨Î¥¸±μ° ¶²μÉ´μ¸É¨ (¢ μÉ´μ¸¨É¥²Ó´ÒÌ ¥¤¨´¨Í Ì ¨§³¥·¥´¨Ö). ‘μμÉ¢¥É¸É¢¨¥ ¢·¥³¥´¨ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¨ ¤μ§ ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´μ ¢ É ¡². 1.
3. „²Ö ¶·¨£μÉμ¢²¥´¨Ö ³μ´μ¸²μ¥¢ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ Ê¢¥²¨Î¨¢ ²¨ £¥³ Éμ±·¨É ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ ¤μ
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‹μ± ²Ó´Ò¥ ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ 223
4. ·¨£μÉμ¢²¥´¨¥ ³μ´μ¸²μ¥¢ Å ¢ ¦´Ò° ÔÉ ¶ ¶μ²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ± Î¥¸É¢¥´´ÒÌ ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨°
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Œμ´μ¸²μ° ±²¥Éμ± ´ ¸É¥±²¥ ¶μ²ÊÎ ²¨ ¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ Ê¸É·μ°¸É¢ V-Sampler (¢¸É·¨Ö),
¤²Ö Î¥£μ ¨¸¶μ²Ó§μ¢ ²¨ 10 ³±² ¤ ´´μ° ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨.
„²Ö ± ¦¤μ° ¤μ§Ò μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¶·¨£μÉ ¢²¨¢ ²¨ É·¨ ³μ´μ¸²μÖ ±²¥Éμ± (¶μ 1,5 × 1,5 ¸³).
Œμ´μ¸²μ¨ ¢Ò¸ÊϨ¢ ²¨ ´ ¢μ§¤ÊÌ¥ ¢ ɥΥ´¨¥ 1 Î ¶·¨ ±μ³´ É´μ° É¥³¶¥· ÉÊ·¥. ‘ Í¥²ÓÕ
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“”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö.
5. ˆ§μ¡· ¦¥´¨Ö ±²¥Éμ± ¨ ¨Ì ³¥³¡· ´ ¶μ²ÊÎ ²¨ ¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ Éμ³´μ£μ ¸¨²μ¢μ£μ ³¨±·μ¸±μ¶ (NTEGRA Prima, NT-MDT, μ¸¸¨Ö) ¢ ¶μ²Ê±μ´É ±É´μ³ ·¥¦¨³¥, Ψ¸²μ ÉμÎ¥± ¢ ± ¦¤μ° ²¨´¨¨ ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨Ö 512 ¨²¨ 1024. ˆ¸¶μ²Ó§μ¢ ²¨ ± ´É¨²¥¢¥·Ò NSG01 (R = 10 ´³,
±μÔË˨ͨ¥´É ʶ·Ê£μ¸É¨ ± ´É¨²¥¢¥· K = 5 /³, ·¥§μ´ ´¸´ Ö Î ¸ÉμÉ Å 130 ±ƒÍ).
6. ´ ²¨§ ³μ·Ëμ²μ£¨¨ ±²¥Éμ± ¶·μ¢μ¤¨²¨ ¶μ É·¥³ Ë· £³¥´É ³ 100 × 100 ³±³ ´ ± ¦¤μ³ ³μ´μ¸²μ¥. „²Ö ± ¦¤μ° ¤μ§Ò μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¡Ò²μ ¶μ²ÊÎ¥´μ 27 ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨°, ¢±²ÕÎ ÕÐ¨Ì ¶μ 60Ä100 ±²¥Éμ± ´ ± ¦¤μ³ ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¨. Š ¦¤μ¥ ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ¢±²ÕÎ ²μ ·Ö¤
· §²¨Î´ÒÌ Ëμ·³ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ ¢ ·¥§Ê²ÓÉ É¥ ¶μ°±¨²μͨÉμ§ . ¡Ð¨° ¸É ɨ¸É¨Î¥¸±¨° μ¡Ñ¥³
¸μ¸É ¢¨² 11340 ±²¥Éμ±.
ˆ¸¸²¥¤μ¢ ´¨¥ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ ¶·μ¢μ¤¨²¨ ´ ɨ¶¨Î´ÒÌ ±²¥É± Ì, ±μÉμ·Ò¥ ¡Ò²¨
¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´Ò ¢ ¡μ²ÓÏ¥³ ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢¥. „²Ö ± ¦¤μ° ¤μ§Ò ¢Ò¡¨· ²¨ 3Ä10 ɨ¶¨Î´ÒÌ ±²¥Éμ±.
¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´Ò ± ¦¤μ° ±²¥É±¨ ¢Ò¡¨· ²¨ ¨ ¸± ´¨·μ¢ ²¨ 3Ä4 ÊÎ ¸É± · §³¥·μ³
μÉ 1000 × 1000 ´³ ¤μ 2000 × 2000 ´³. ‚ · ¡μÉ¥ ¢¸¥£μ ¡Ò²μ ¶·μ ´ ²¨§¨·μ¢ ´μ 680
Ë· £³¥´Éμ¢ ³¥³¡· ´ ±²¥Éμ±.
„²Ö μ¡· ¡μɱ¨ ¶μ²ÊÎ¥´´ÒÌ ‘Œ-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨° ¨¸¶μ²Ó§μ¢ ²¨ ¶·μ£· ³³´μ¥ μ¡¥¸¶¥Î¥´¨¥ ”¥³Éμ‘± ´ ´² °´ (®–¥´É· ¶¥·¸¶¥±É¨¢´ÒÌ É¥Ì´μ²μ£¨°¯, Œμ¸±¢ ). „²Ö ¶μ²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¤¥É ²Ó´μ£μ ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨Ö ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´Ò ¨¸Ìμ¤´ÊÕ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸ÉÓ ³¥³¡· ´Ò
· ¸±² ¤Ò¢ ²¨ ´ É·¨ ¸μ¸É ¢²ÖÕШ¥, ¨¸¶μ²Ó§ÊÖ ¶·μ¸É· ´¸É¢¥´´μ¥ ¶·¥μ¡· §μ¢ ´¨¥ ”Ê·Ó¥.
„ ´´Ò° ¶μ¤Ìμ¤ ¡Ò² ¶·¥¤²μ¦¥´ ¨ ¶μ¤·μ¡´μ 춨¸ ´ ¢ ´ Ï¨Ì ¶·¥¤Ò¤ÊÐ¨Ì · ¡μÉ Ì [15, 18].
7. ˆ§³¥·¥´¨¥ ±μ´Í¥´É· ͨ° ¨μ´μ¢ K+ ¶·μ¢μ¤¨²¨ ¸ ¶μ³μÐÓÕ ¨μ´μ³¥É·¨Î¥¸±μ£μ ¶·¥μ¡· §μ¢ É¥²Ö ˆ-510 (Š‚ˆ‹, μ¸¸¨Ö). ˆ¸¶μ²Ó§μ¢ ²¨ ± ²¨°-¸¥²¥±É¨¢´Ò° Ô²¥±É·μ¤
XC-K-001 (®‘¥´¸μ·´Ò¥ ¸¨¸É¥³Ò¯, μ¸¸¨Ö). μ²ÊÎ ²¨ ± ²¨¡·μ¢μδҥ ±·¨¢Ò¥ § ¢¨¸¨³μ¸É¨ Ô²¥±É·μ¤´μ£μ ¶μÉ¥´Í¨ ² μÉ ±μ´Í¥´É· ͨ¨ ¨μ´μ¢ ± ²¨Ö. ‚ ·¥§Ê²ÓÉ É¥ ¨§³¥·Ö²¨
±μ´Í¥´É· Í¨Õ ¢´¥±²¥Éμδμ£μ ± ²¨Ö ¤μ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¨ ¶μ¸²¥ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö.
…‡“‹œ’’› ˆ ‘“†„…ˆ…
ˆ§³¥´¥´¨¥ ³μ·Ëμ²μ£¨¨. ‚ ³μ´μ¸²μ¥ ±·μ¢¨, ¶μ¤¢¥·£´ÊÉμ° ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Õ “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö,
´ ¡²Õ¤ ²¨¸Ó: ¤¨¸μ±Í¨ÉÒ, ¸Éμ³ ÉμͨÉÒ, ¶² ´μͨÉÒ, Ǫ̂´μͨÉÒ, ¸Ë¥μ·μǪ̂´μͨÉÒ, ¸Ë¥·μͨÉÒ, É¥´¨ ³¥³¡· ´. ˆÌ ¶·μÍ¥´É´μ¥ ¸μμÉ´μÏ¥´¨¥ § ¢¨¸¥²μ μÉ ¤μ§Ò ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö
“”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ±·μ¢Ó (·¨¸. 2).
·¨¸. 2, aÄ¢ ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´Ò ‘Œ 2D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨Ö ³μ´μ¸²μ¥¢ ±²¥Éμ± ¶·¨ · §²¨Î´ÒÌ
¢·¥³¥´ Ì μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö 0, 10, 40 ³¨´. ·¨¸. 2, £ ¶·¨¢¥¤¥´Ò ¶·μÍ¥´É´Ò¥ ¸μμÉ´μÏ¥´¨Ö ±²¥Éμ± · §´μ° Ëμ·³Ò, ¢¸É·¥Î ÕÐ¨Ì¸Ö ¢ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ ¶μ¸²¥ “”-¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö ´ ´¥¥. Š²¥É±¨ ¢
±μ´É·μ²¥ (±²¥É±¨ ¡¥§ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö) Å ÔÉμ ¢ μ¸´μ¢´μ³ ¶² ´μͨÉÒ ¨ Ǫ̂´μͨÉÒ-1 (·¨¸. 2, a).
ÉμÉ ³ §μ± μɲ¨Î ¥É¸Ö μÉ ³ §± Í¥²Ó´μ° ±·μ¢¨, ¢ ±μÉμ·μ³ μ¡ÒÎ´μ ¢ μ¸´μ¢´μ³ ¶·¨¸ÊÉ-
¨¸. 2. ˆ§³¥´¥´¨¥ ¶·μÍ¥´É´μ£μ ¸μμÉ´μÏ¥´¨Ö · §²¨Î´ÒÌ Ëμ·³ ±²¥Éμ± ¤²Ö · §´ÒÌ ¤μ§ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨Õ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢.
A‘M 2D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨Ö 100 × 100 ³±³ ³μ´μ¸²μ¥¢ ±²¥Éμ±: D = 0 Å ±μ´É·μ²Ó (a), D = 0,2 (¡), D = 0,6 (¢). £) ‘É É¨¸É¨Î¥¸±μ¥ · ¸¶·¥¤¥²¥´¨¥
±²¥Éμ± · §´μ° Ëμ·³Ò ¢ ³ §± Ì Ä¢. ‚·¥³Ö Ì· ´¥´¨Ö ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ ¶μ¸²¥ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö tÌ· ´ = 1 Î
224 Šμ§²μ¢ …. Š. ¨ ¤·.
‹μ± ²Ó´Ò¥ ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ 225
¸É¢ÊÕÉ ¤¨¸±μͨÉÒ. μÖ¢²¥´¨¥ ¢ ±μ´É·μ²Ó´μ³ ³ §±¥ ¶² ´μͨÉμ¢ ¨ Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢-1 ¢Ò§¢ ´μ
§´ Ψɥ²Ó´Ò³ · §¡ ¢²¥´¨¥³ Í¥²Ó´μ° ±·μ¢¨ ¡ÊË¥·μ³ (¶μÎɨ ¢ 30 · §) ¨ ¶μ¸²¥¤ÊÕШ³
Í¥´É·¨ËÊ£¨·μ¢ ´¨¥³ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨¨ ¤²Ö ¢μ¸¸É ´μ¢²¥´¨Ö ¨¸Ìμ¤´μ£μ £¥³ Éμ±·¨É . μ¸²¥ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¢ ³μ´μ¸²μ¥ (·¨¸. 2, ¡) ´ ¡²Õ¤ ²μ¸Ó 65 % Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢, 15 % ¶² ´μͨÉμ¢, 9 % ¤¨¸±μͨÉμ¢, 6 % ¸Ë¥·μǪ̂´μͨÉμ¢, 3 % ¸Ë¥·μͨÉμ¢, 2 % ¸Éμ³ ÉμͨÉμ¢ ¨ ¶· ±É¨Î¥¸±¨ μɸÊÉ¸É¢μ¢ ²¨ É¥´¨. ‚ ³μ´μ¸²μ¥ (·¨¸. 2, ¢) ´ ¡²Õ¤ ²μ¸Ó 29 % ¸Ë¥·μͨÉμ¢, 28 % ¸Ë¥·μǪ̂´μͨÉμ¢, 22 % É¥´¥°, 18 % Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢, 2 % ¸Éμ³ ÉμͨÉμ¢, 1 % ¶² ´μͨÉμ¢, ¤¨¸±μͨÉÒ
¶· ±É¨Î¥¸±¨ μɸÊÉ¸É¢μ¢ ²¨.
ˆ§³¥´¥´¨¥ ¶·μÍ¥´É´μ£μ ¸μμÉ´μÏ¥´¨Ö · §²¨Î´ÒÌ Ëμ·³ ±²¥Éμ± ¨²²Õ¸É·¨·Ê¥É ¤¨´ ³¨±Ê ¨Ì ¶μ¸²¥¤μ¢ É¥²Ó´μ£μ ¶·¥¢· Ð¥´¨Ö. ¶·¨³¥·, μ¡· §μ¢ ´¨¥ Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢-2 Å ÔÉμ
¸²¥¤ÊÕÐ Ö ¸É ¤¨Ö É· ´¸Ëμ·³ ͨ¨ ±²¥Éμ± ¶μ¸²¥ μ¡· §μ¢ ´¨Ö Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢-1 ¨ ¶² ´μͨÉμ¢.
’ ±, ¶·¨ D = 0,2 ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢μ Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢-2 ¢μ§· ¸É ¥É ¤μ 51 %, ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢μ ¶² ´μͨÉμ¢ ¨ Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢-1 ʳ¥´ÓÏ ¥É¸Ö. ¤´ ±μ ¶·¨ ¤ ²Ó´¥°Ï¥³ Ê¢¥²¨Î¥´¨¨ ¤μ§Ò ¤μ D = 0,6
Î ¸ÉÓ Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢-2 ¶·¥μ¡· §ÊÕÉ¸Ö ¢ ¸Ë¥·μǪ̂´μͨÉÒ. μÔÉμ³Ê ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢μ Ǫ̂´μͨÉμ¢-2
ʳ¥´ÓÏ ¥É¸Ö ¤μ 15 %, ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢μ ¸Ë¥·μǪ̂´μͨÉμ¢ · ¸É¥É. ’ ±μ¥ ´¥²¨´¥°´μ¥ ¨§³¥´¥´¨¥ ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢ Ëμ·³ ±²¥Éμ± ¸¢¨¤¥É¥²Ó¸É¢Ê¥É μ Éμ³, ÎÉμ Ëμ·³ ±²¥Éμ± Ǫ̂´μͨÉÒ-2 Å
¶·μ³¥¦ÊÉμδ Ö ³¥¦¤Ê ¤¨¸±μͨÉμ³ ¨ ¸Ë¥·μ̨´μͨÉμ³.
·¨ Ê¢¥²¨Î¥´¨¨ ¢·¥³¥´¨ μ¡²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ¡²Õ¤ ² ¸Ó ¤¨´ ³¨± ¶¥·¥Ìμ¤ ±²¥Éμ± ¢ Ǫ̂´μͨÉÒ ¨ ¸Ë¥·μͨÉÒ. ’ ±μ¥ ¨§³¥´¥´¨¥ ¢ ³μ·Ëμ²μ£¨¨ ±²¥Éμ± ±·μ¢¨ ³μ¦¥É ¶·¨¢μ¤¨ÉÓ ±
¨§³¥´¥´¨Õ ¨Ì ËÊ´±Í¨μ´ ²Ó´μ£μ ¸μ¸ÉμÖ´¨Ö ¨ ÊÌʤϥ´¨Õ £ §μÉ· ´¸¶μ·É´μ° ËÊ´±Í¨¨.
ˆ§³¥´¥´¨¥ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢. „²Ö μÍ¥´±¨ ±μ²¨Î¥¸É¢¥´´ÒÌ ¶ · ³¥É·μ¢ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ ‘Œ-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ Ë· £³¥´É ³¥³¡· ´Ò
· ¸±² ¤Ò¢ ²¨ ´ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ¶¥·¢μ£μ ¨ ¢Éμ·μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤±μ¢, ¨¸¶μ²Ó§ÊÖ ¶·μ¸É· ´¸É¢¥´´μ¥
¶·¥μ¡· §μ¢ ´¨¥ ”Ê·Ó¥ [18].
·¨¸. 3 ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´Ò ‘Œ-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨Ö ±μ´É·μ²Ó´μ° ±²¥É±¨ (·¨¸. ), ¨¸Ìμ¤´μ£μ
ÊÎ ¸É± ³¥³¡· ´Ò (·¨¸. ¡), ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨Ö É·¥Ì ¸μ¸É ¢²ÖÕÐ¨Ì ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ Å ¶¥·¢μ£μ,
¢Éμ·μ£μ ¨ É·¥ÉÓ¥£μ ¶μ·Ö¤±μ¢ (·¨¸. ¢) ¨ £¨¸Éμ£· ³³ ¢Ò¸μÉ ÔÉ¨Ì ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¥° (·¨¸. £). ·¨
¸²μ¦¥´¨¨ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¥°, ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´´ÒÌ ´ ·¨¸. 3, ¢, ¶μ²ÊÎ ¥É¸Ö ¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ¨¸Ìμ¤´μ°
¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ (·¨¸. 3, ¡).
´¥¥ ¡Ò²μ ¶μ± § ´μ, ÎÉμ ¨§³¥´¥´¨¥ ³μ·Ëμ²μ£¨¨ ±²¥Éμ± ´ Ψ´ ¥É¸Ö ¸ ¨§³¥´¥´¨Ö
´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢. Éμ ¶·μ¨¸Ìμ¤¨É ¶·¨ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨ÖÌ Ì¨³Ë ·³¶·¥¶ · Éμ¢ ´ ±·μ¢Ó [18Ä20], ¶·¨ ¤²¨É¥²Ó´μ³ Ì· ´¥´¨¨ ¤μ´μ·¸±μ° ±·μ¢¨ [23, 24]. §´Ò¥ ¢¨¤Ò
¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö ¢Ò§Ò¢ ÕÉ ¸¶¥Í¨Ë¨Î¥¸±¨¥ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨¥ ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ ¢ ³¥³¡· ´¥ ¸ ¢Ò· ¦¥´´Ò³¨ Ì · ±É¥·´Ò³¨ ¶·μ¸É· ´¸É¢¥´´Ò³¨ Ëμ·³ ³¨ ¨ · §³¥· ³¨ [15, 18Ä20].
μ¸²¥ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ´ ¸Ê¸¶¥´§¨Õ ±²¥Éμ± § ·¥£¨¸É·¨·μ¢ ´Ò ¸¶¥Í¨Ë¨Î¥¸±¨¥ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨¥ ´ ´μ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ ¢ ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·¥ ³¥³¡· ´ ±· ¸´ÒÌ ±²¥Éμ± ±·μ¢¨. ·¨ ÔÉμ³
´ ¡²Õ¤ ²μ¸Ó ¤¢ ɨ¶ ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢: A ¨ B (·¨¸. 4, 5). „¥Ë¥±ÉÒ É¨¶ A ¨³¥ÕÉ ±μ²ÓÍ¥μ¡· §´Ò¥ ´ ´μ¢¶ ¤¨´Ò (·¨¸. 4). „¥Ë¥±ÉÒ É¨¶ B ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²ÖÕÉ ¸μ¡μ° ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ê ¢ ¢¨¤¥
¢Ò¸Éʶ ÕÐ¥£μ ±μ²ÓÍ (·¨¸. 5).
·¨¸. 4, ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´μ ‘Œ-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ±²¥É±¨, ´ ³¥³¡· ´¥ ±μÉμ·μ° ´ ¡²Õ¤ ÕÉ¸Ö ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ É¨¶ A. ˆ¸Ìμ¤´ÊÕ ´ ´μ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸ÉÓ ³¥³¡· ´Ò (·¨¸. 4, ¡) · ¸±² ¤Ò¢ ²¨ ´ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸ÉÓ ¶¥·¢μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± (·¨¸. 4, ¢) ¨ ¢Éμ·μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± (·¨¸. 4, ¤). ‘μμÉ¢¥É¸É¢ÊÕШ¥ ¶·μ˨²¨ ÔÉ¨Ì ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¥° ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´Ò ´ ·¨¸. 4, £, ¥. „¨ ³¥É· Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±μ£μ ¤¥Ë¥±É ɨ¶ A ¸μ¸É ¢²Ö¥É (600 ± 80) ´³. ˜¨·¨´ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±μ£μ ¤¥Ë¥±É ɨ¶ A ¸μ¸É ¢²Ö¥É L2 = (170 ± 40) ´³, ÎÉμ ¸μ¶μ¸É ¢¨³μ ¸ · §³¥·μ³ ɥɷ ³¥· ¸¶¥±É·¨´ .
¨¸. 3. ‘Œ-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ±μ´É·μ²Ó´μ° ±²¥É±¨ ( ), ´ ´μ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸ÉÓ Ë· £³¥´É ³¥³¡· ´Ò (¡), ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ¶¥·¢μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± , ¢Éμ·μ£μ ¨
É·¥ÉÓ¥£μ ¶μ·Ö¤±μ¢ (¢), £¨¸Éμ£· ³³ ¢Ò¸μÉ ÔÉ¨Ì ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¥° (£)
226 Šμ§²μ¢ …. Š. ¨ ¤·.
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±·Ê£μ¢μ° ´ ´μ¢¶ ¤¨´Ò (ɨ¶ A), ®¢¥§¨±Ê²Öꬅ inside¯. ‘Œ 3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ±²¥É±¨ ¸ ¤¥Ë¥±É ³¨ ´ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´Ò 10 × 10 ³±³ ¶·¨
¤μ§¥ 0,4 ( ), ‘Œ 3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ 1 × 1 ³±³ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±μ£μ ¤¥Ë¥±É ´ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´Ò (¡), ‘Œ 3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨
¶¥·¢μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± (¢) ¨ ¶·μ˨²Ó (£), ‘Œ 3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ¢Éμ·μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± (¤) ¨ ¶·μ˨²Ó (¥). ‘É·¥²± ³¨ ʱ § ´Ò μ¡² ¸É¨
Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ´ ´μ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢
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¨¸. 5. ˆ§³¥´¥´¨¥ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ ¶μ¸²¥ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨Ö “”-¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö Å Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨° ¤¥Ë¥±É ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ¢ ¢¨¤¥
±μ²ÓÍ , ¢Ò¸Éʶ ÕÐ¥£μ ´ ¤ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸ÉÓÕ ³¥³¡· ´Ò (ɨ¶ B), ®¢¥§¨±Ê²Öꬅ outside¯. ‘Œ 3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ±²¥É±¨ ¸ ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ³ ´ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨
³¥³¡· ´Ò 10 × 10 ³±³ ¶·¨ ¤μ§¥ 0,8 ( ), ‘Œ 3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ 2000 × 2000 ´³ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±μ£μ ¤¥Ë¥±É ´ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´Ò (¡), ‘Œ
3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ¶¥·¢μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± (¢) ¨ ¶·μ˨²Ó (£), ‘Œ 3D-¨§μ¡· ¦¥´¨¥ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ¢Éμ·μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± (¤) ¨ ¶·μ˨²Ó (¥).
‘É·¥²± ³¨ ʱ § ´Ò μ¡² ¸É¨ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ´ ´μ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢
228 Šμ§²μ¢ …. Š. ¨ ¤·.
‹μ± ²Ó´Ò¥ ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ 229
’ ¡²¨Í 2. · ³¥É·Ò ´ ´μ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ¶¥·¢μ£μ ¨ ¢Éμ·μ£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± ’¨¶
¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨
Šμ´É·μ²Ó
„¥Ë¥±É ɨ¶ A
„¥Ë¥±É ɨ¶ B
¥·¢Ò°
h1 , ´³
5±1
9±3
8,5 ± 1,5
¶μ·Ö¤μ±
L1 , ´³
800 ± 300
600 ± 80
1400 ± 600
‚Éμ·μ° ¶μ·Ö¤μ±
h2 , ´³
L2 , ´³
2,1 ± 0,3 100 ± 30
5,3 ± 1,2 170 ± 40
5±1
90 ± 20
• · ±É¥·´Ò³¨ ¶ · ³¥É· ³¨ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ i-£μ ¶μ·Ö¤± Ö¢²ÖÕÉ¸Ö ¢Ò¸μÉ hi ¨ ¶·μ¸É· ´¸É¢¥´´Ò° ¶¥·¨μ¤ Li [18]. „²Ö ¸· ¢´¥´¨Ö ¶ · ³¥É·Ò ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ¶·¥¤¸É ¢²¥´Ò
¢ É ¡². 2.
·¨ ¤μ§¥ μÉ 0,2Ä0,8 μÉ´. ¥¤. Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨¥ ¤¥Ë¥±ÉÒ É¨¶ A ´ ¡²Õ¤ ²¨¸Ó Ê 25 % ±²¥Éμ± (¢Ò¡μ·± Å 500 ±²¥Éμ±). Šμ²¨Î¥¸É¢μ É ±¨Ì ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ ´ ±²¥É±¥ ¸μ¸É ¢²Ö¥É 7 ± 5.
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H2 O → H + OH. „ ²¥¥ ¢μ§³μ¦´Ò · §²¨Î´Ò¥ ·¥ ±Í¨¨, ´ ¶·¨³¥· OH + OH → H2 O2 [10, 25].
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230 Šμ§²μ¢ …. Š. ¨ ¤·.
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²¥±Ê². ‚ Î ¸É´μ¸É¨, ¶·μ¨¸Ìμ¤¨É μ±¨¸²¥´¨¥ ¸¶¥±É·¨´ , £¥³μ£²μ¡¨´ [11, 13]. ‚ ·¥§Ê²ÓÉ É¥
³μ¦¥É ¢μ§´¨±´ÊÉÓ £·¥£ ꬅ ¡¥²±μ¢, ÎÉμ É ±¦¥ ³μ¦¥É ²μ± ²Ó´μ ¨§³¥´¨ÉÓ ¸¢μ°¸É¢ ³¥³¡· ´Ò. ˆ³¥´´μ Í¥¶Ó ʱ § ´´ÒÌ ¶·μÍ¥¸¸μ¢ ¨ ³μ£² ¶·¨¢μ¤¨ÉÓ ± μ¡· §μ¢ ´¨Õ ¨ · §¢¨É¨Õ
²μ± ²Ó´ÒÌ Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ É¨¶ A ¨ B.
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´ ·Ê¦Ê ¨ § É¥³ ± μÉ·Ò¢Ê ¢¥§¨±Ê² μÉ ±²¥É±¨. Éμ ¶·μÍ¥¸¸ ¢¥§¨±Ê²Öͨ¨ [26, 27]. „¥Ë¥±ÉÒ
ɨ¶ B ³μ£ÊÉ Ö¢¨ÉÓ¸Ö ´ Î ²μ³ ¢¥§¨±Ê²Öͨ¨ Å ®¢¥§¨±Ê²Öꬅ outside¯.
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±²¥É±¨. ’ ±¨³ μ¡· §μ³, ´ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´Ò μ¡· §ÊÕÉ¸Ö μ¡² ¸É¨, ±μÉμ·Ò¥ · ¸¶μ² £ ÕÉ¸Ö ´¨¦¥ ¶μ¢¥·Ì´μ¸É¨ ³¥³¡· ´Ò. ˆ³¥´´μ Ôɨ μ¡² ¸É¨ ¨ Ö¢²ÖÕÉ¸Ö ¤¥Ë¥±É ³¨
³¥³¡· ´Ò ɨ¶ A. μ¤μ¡´Ò¥ ÔËË¥±ÉÒ ³Ò ´ ¡²Õ¤ ²¨ ¢ · ¡μÉ Ì ¶·¨ ¤¥°¸É¢¨¨ £¥³¨´ ¨ ËÊ·μ¸¥³¨¤ [18, 19]. ¤´ ±μ ¶ · ³¥É·Ò Éμ¶μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ ¶·¨ ¤¥°¸É¢¨¨ “”¨§²ÊÎ¥´¨Ö ¡Ò²¨ ¸¶¥Í¨Ë¨Î¥¸±¨³¨ ¨ μɲ¨Î ²¨¸Ó μÉ Ì · ±É¥·´ÒÌ ¤¥Ë¥±Éμ¢ ± ¦¤μ£μ ¨§ ʱ § ´´ÒÌ ¢μ§¤¥°¸É¢¨°. ÉμÉ ¶·μÍ¥¸¸ ²μ± ²Ó´μ£μ ¶μ£·Ê¦¥´¨Ö ³¥³¡· ´Ò ¢´ÊÉ·Ó ±²¥É±¨ ³Ò
¨´É¥·¶·¥É¨·Ê¥³ ± ± ®¢¥§¨±Ê²Öꬅ inside¯ [19]. ˆ§³¥´¥´¨¥ ´ ´μ¸É·Ê±ÉÊ·Ò ³¥³¡· ´ Ô·¨É·μͨÉμ¢ ¨ ¨Ì ³μ·Ëμ²μ£¨¨ ³μ¦¥É ¶·¨¢¥¸É¨ ± ´ ·ÊÏ¥´¨Õ ·¥μ²μ£¨Î¥¸±¨Ì ¸¢μ°¸É¢ ±·μ¢¨
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¢ Í¥²μ³.
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