Стихотворение высшей пробы «Бухта Акаси» M. B. Торопыгина

!"#$!%$&'("' %)*+', -&$.) «/0#!1 231*"»
4. 5. 6$&$-)7"(1
!"#$%& #'()*"+' '#$(+%,#'+$-"(,%. ,/01+/#2 (34.'5, IX–XII **.)
* 6!%5$$ (%-$570%(1 %8#%95%" ,%0$-"(+*% (+$:%+*%#"5$.. ;%-+$ *("
%5$ <20$ !"#! = ,%#%+,$9$ !"(579$, +. ". (%(+%70$ *("8% $> 31 (0%8',
9"+#$-"(,$ %#8'5$>%*'552: (+#%-,'9$ * 5+7+5+7+7 (0%8%*. ?/-@$"
(+$:%+*%#"5$7 (%<$#'0$(1 * '5+%0%8$$. A9"55% $: *,0B-"5$" * '5+%0%8$B, C"0'+"015% * «$9!"#'+%#(,/B», (%>&'5$" ,%+%#%. <20% ('5,)$%5$#%*'5% *2(@". 8%(/&'#(+*"55%. *0'(+1B, %>5'-'0% !#$>5'5$"
!#%$>*"&"5$7. D' !%(+%755% !#%*%&$*@$:(7 !%4+$-"(,$: (%#"*5%*'5$7:
$> !'#2 (+$:%+*%#"5$. (!% %&5%9/ %+ ,'C&%. $> &*/: /-'(+*/BE$: ,%9'5&) %&5% (+$:%+*%#"5$" !#$>5'*'0%(1 !%<"&$*@$9, *+%#%" – !#%$8#'*@$9. F5%8%-$(0"552" #/,%*%&(+*' !% (%-$5"5$B (+$:%+*%#"5$. $
!%4+%0%8$-"(,$" +#',+'+2 &'*'0$ !#',+$-"(,$" (%*"+2, ,', 5'!$('+1
(+$:%+*%#"5$", ,%+%#%" !%<"&$+ 5' +/#5$#" $ *2#'<'+2*'0$ ,#$+"#$$,
!% ,%+%#29 9%C5% (+$:%+*%#"5$7 (#'*5$*'+1, !#$ 4+%9 5"%<:%&$9%
<20% %<G7(5$+1, !%-"9/ %&5% !#%$>*"&"5$" 0/-@" $0$ :/C" &#/8%8%.
H',$9 %<#'>%9, (%*#"9"55$,$ $ !%+%9,$ !%(+%755% %)"5$*'0$ !%4+$-"(,$" !#%$>*"&"5$7.
5'-'0" XIII *. $>*"(+52. !%4+ $ 0$+"#'+%# I'9%-5% HJ94. (1154 –
1216) 5'!$('0 !%4+%0%8$-"(,$. +#',+'+ «F/9J(J» («K'!$(,$ <"> 5'>*'5$7»). L%-$5"5$" !%(*7E"5% @$#%,%9/ ,#/8/ !#%<0"9, (*7>'552: (%
(+$:%(0%C"5$"9. +% *#"97 >5'5$7 * %<0'(+$ !%4>$$ («;/+1 !%4>$$» M
+"#9$5, ,%+%#29 %!"#$#%*'0$ (#"&5"*",%*2" '*+%#2) -'(+% !"#"&'*'0$(1 %+ N-$+"07 , /-"5$,/. N-$+"0"9 I'9%-5% HJ94. <20 !%4+ LB5G4
(1113-?). +#',+'+" I'9%-5% HJ94. -'(+% !$@"+ % +%9, -+% (,'>'0 "9/
N-$+"01 *% *#"97 $: <"("&. %&5%. $> +',$: <"("& LB5G4 &'0 +',%"
(#'*5"5$": <2*'B+ :%#%@$" (+$:%+*%#"5$7, %5$ !%:%C$ 5' !0%+5/B
+,'51 ( #$(/5,%9, ' <2*'B+ !#"*%(:%&52" (+$:%+*%#"5$7, $ +%8&' %5$
!%&%<52 01BE".(7 />%#-'+%. +,'5$. H',$9 !#"*%(:%&529 (+$:%+*%#"5$"9, !% 95"5$B LB5G4, $ 7*07"+(7 (+$:%+*%#"5$" «O/:+' P,'($»1
(5'>*'5$" (+$:%+*%#"5$7 /(0%*5%, !"#*%5'-'015% (+$:%+*%#"5$" 5"
$9"0% 5'>*'5$7):
———————————
+&"&,&"& & /
!#!-.-"& /0!-"& /
!-!1.0.-". /
-.%!1!#/0) 2#/ /
3/")-& -. 45& &%&/
+/9'5" /+#"55"9 *(7 </:+' P,'($,
I%+%#%. (*"+ >'#$ "&*', "&*' ,%(5/0(7;
D" *$&5% %(+#%*%*…
A &/92 *(" 9%$
Q ,%#'<0", ,%+%#2. 5" *"#5/0(7.
(;"#"*%& P. R. S0/(,$5%.)2
4+%9 (+$:%+*%#"5$$ "(+1 $>0B<0"552. !#$"9 (#"&5"*",%*%8% (%-$5$+"01(+*' – #!#)#& &,! – %9%5$9$-"(,'7 9"+'T%#'. L/+1 4+%8%
!#$"9' (%(+%$+ * +%9, -+% %&5% (0%*% /!%+#"<07"+(7 * >5'-"5$$ &*/:
%&$5',%*% $0$ (:%&5% >*/-'E$: (0%*.
&'55%9 (0/-'" 4+% (0%*% –
!#!-.. Q5% *2(+/!'"+ $ ,', $97 (%<(+*"55%" – P,'($-5% /#' – </:+'
P,'($, $ * (*%"9 5'#$)'+"015%9 >5'-"5$$ – (*"+02.: +&"&,&"& & !#!-. – "0"-"0" (*"+0""+, -/+1--/+1 (*"+'"+.
N!%+#"<0"5$" * (+$:%+*%#"5$7: !"#! +%!%5$9' *("8&' *0"-"+ >'
(%<%. )"02. #7& '((%)$')$.. U+%, !#"C&" *("8%, <%8'+".@$. !%4+$-"(,$. 9'+"#$'0. D"&'#%9 -'(+% *(+#"-'BE$"(7 * !%4>$$ +%!%5$92 5'>2*'B+(7 «>5'9"5$+29$ 9"(+'9$» (%)*-(), , &'55%. 9"(+5%(+$ 9%8/+
<2+1 !#$*7>'52 9$T%0%8$-"(,$" (BC"+2, *%>9%C5' '((%)$')$7 ( :/&%C"(+*"55%. !#%>%..
O/:+' P,'($ 5':%&$+(7 *% 5/+#"55"9 6!%5(,%9 9%#", 5' B8%->'!'&"
%(+#%*' 3%5(B. ;#%0$* P,'($ %+&"07"+ %(+#%* 3%5(B %+ %(+#%*' P*'&>$.
H%!%5$9 P,'($ *(+#"-'"+(7 /C" * «D$:%5 (J,$» («P55'02 6!%5$$») –
%&5%9 $> ('92: #'55$: +",(+%* 7!%5(,%. (0%*"(5%(+$3. ;"#*2" !%4+$-"(,$" '((%)$')$$ +%!%5$9' P,'($ (</:+' P,'($ $ !#%0$* P,'($) (*7>'52 ( !%4+$-"(,%. '5+%0%8$". «F'5GJ(B», +%!%5$9 !%7*07"+(7 * )"0%9
#7&" (+$:%+*%#"5$.:
———————————
1 $!%&-"& '(%)*. F/9J(J (K'!$(,$ <"> 5'>*'5$7) // I'#%5(B.( ;%4+$-"(,'7 +"%#$7) D%8',/#%5(B.(L<%#5$, (+'+". % +"'+#" D%) H%,$%, 1969, (. 88 // D$:%5 ,%+45 </58',/ +'.,4., 65.
(L"#$7 6!%5(,'7 ,0'(($-"(,'7 0$+"#'+/#', 65).
2 L+$:%+*%#"5$" «O/:+' P,'($» 95%8%,#'+5% !"#"*%&$0%(1 5' #/((,$. 7>2,. &'55%.
(+'+1" ,#%9" !"#"*%&', *2!%05"55%8% 95%., 7 )$+$#/B !"#"*%&2 >'9"-'+"0152: #%(($.(,$:
!"#"*%&-$,%*: P. R. S0/(,$5%., P. P. V%0$5', A. P. O%#%5$5%., A. ?. ?1*%*%.. «O/:+' P,'($» –
%&5% $> (+$:%+*%#"5$. * !"#"*%&" P. R. S0/(,$5%., 5' (0%*' ,%+%#2: #/((,$9 ,%9!%>$+%#%9
F. F. A!!%0$+%*29-A*'5%*29 <20 (%-$5"5 *%,'0152. )$,0 $> !7+$ #%9'5(%* &07 (%!#'5% *
(%!#%*%C&"5$$ T%#+"!$'5% (*!"#*2" $>&'5 * 1923 8.). ;%&#%<5"" %< 4+%9 (9.: 6. 7. 8!,9."!.
W%(($7 $ 6!%5$7 – 9/>2,' $ (0%*% // 6!%5$7 2006. RC"8%&5$,. F., 2006, (. 204–213.
3 +",(+" >' 646 8. 8%*%#$+(7: « 5/+#"55$" !#%*$5)$$ $9"B+ 8#'5$)'9$: , *%(+%,/ %+
#",$ X,%,'!' * D'<'#$, , B8/ %+ 8%#2 L45%79' * I$$, , >'!'&/ %+ I/($!/+$ * P,'($, , ("*"#/
%+ 8%#2 P!/(','79' * L'('5'9$, -+% * P!/9$» // D$:%5 (J,$. (P55'02 6!%5$$). ;"#"*%&
?. F. R#9',%*%. $ P. D. F"E"#7,%*', +.2, L;<, 1997, (.148.
282
283
254.
Q85". >'CC"552: (*"+
P,'($ / !#%0$*'…
Q &"51, ,%8&' *%.&"+ +/&' 9%7 0'&17!
+%9 !0'*'51" 95" (/C&"5' #'>0/,',
6 5" /*$C/ 9"(+, 8&" &%9 (+%$+ #%&5%.!
255.
V%#%8%. &%08%B $> &'015"8% ("0"517,
V'0",%8%, ,', 4+$ 5"<"(',
I%8&' 7 !020 * +%(,"
Y"#"> !#%0$* P,'($,
L+#'5' 69'+% !%,'>'0'(1 *&'0","!
326. ;"(57 !#$5)' I'&%<4, (%-$5"55'7 $9 *% *#"97 !#"<2*'5$7 *
D'5$*' !#$ *$&" ,%(+#%*, >'CC"552: #2<','9$ &07 !#$9'5,$ #2<.
I', 7#,$" %85$,
Y+%, *(!2:5/*, >'(*"#,'0$.
;"#"&% 95%. * &'0",%. </:+" P,'($,
?B<%*1 9%7 – , +"<"!
H',, ,%0%(%9 (%>#"*, 5'#/C/ *2@0'.
941.
%+ $ </:+' P,'($!
Q+:025/0 !#$0$* 5' &%#%8",
K'*+#', >'*+#'
D'!%05$+(7 #'&%(+1B ("#&)":
6 *(" <0$C" $ <0$C" , #%&5%9/ &%9/!
1229.
F%7 0'&17,
;#$-'0$9 , </:+" P,'($,
D" /&'07.(7
D' !#%(+%#2 9%#7:
D' >"90B 5%-1 /C" (%@0'…
3608.
V%#%8%. &%08%B $> &'015"8% ("0"517,
V'0",%8%, ,', 4+$ 5"<"(',
I%8&' 7 !020 * +%(,"
Y"#"> !#%0$* P,'($,
N*$&"0 7 9"(+', 8&" &%9 (+%$+ #%&5%.!
(;"#"*%& P. R. S0/(,$5%.)4
H',$9 %<#'>%9, /C" * (+$:%+*%#"5$7: «F'5GJ(B» !%7*$0$(1 *'C52"
(%(+'*07BE$" %<#'>' P,'($: /&'0"55%(+1, 0%&,' ,', ($9*%0 #'((+'*'5$7.
———————————
4 L+$:%+*%#"5$7 $> «F'5GJ(B» )$+$#/B+(7 !% $>&'5$B F'5GJ(B, +. 1–3. ;"#.P. R. S0/(,$5%..
F., 1971–1972. I#%9" &'552: (+$:%+*%#"5$. +%!%5$9 P,'($ *(+#"-'"+(7 +',C" * !"(57:5'8'/+' (388, 3627).
284
K*/-$+ * 4+$: !#%$>*"&"5$7: $ 9%+$* (*"+' – %+(*"+2 ,%(+#%*, !#$9'5$*'BE$: #2</.
;%7*0"5$" #%9'5' F/#'(',$ L$,$</ «S45&>$ 9%5%8'+'#$», * ,%+%#%9 %&5' $> 80'* 5'>2*'"+(7 «P,'($», !#$<'*$0% 5%*2" '((%)$')$$.
P((%)$'+$*52. #7& +%!%5$9' «P,'($», *,0B-'BE$. * ("<7 (+$:%+*%#"5$" «O/:+' P,'($» $ «S45&>$ 9%5%8'+'#$», !#"&(+'*0"5 * «D"!#%@"5%. !%*"(+$» («H%*'&>/8'+'#$», 5'-'0% XIV *.) D$&>J:
«N+#%9, ,%8&' 7 !#%(5/0'(1, 9$9% !#%!02*'0$ (/&', (,#2*'7(1 *
5"*"&%9%. &'0$, ,', +%+ ,%#'<01, % ,%+%#%9 (0%C"5' (+'#$55'7 !"(57:
“6 *%(0"& ,%#'<0B,
-+% >' %(+#%*%9 * </:+" P,'($
!#"&#'((*"+5%. !%#%.
$(-">'"+, +/9'5%9 (%,#2+2.,
/(+#"907B(1 525-" &/@%B…”
I/&' !02*/+ %5$ – ,+% >5'"+?.. %+ %5%, 8#/(+5%" %-'#%*'5$" !0'*'5$7 !% 9%#79…
I%8&' 5'@" (/&5% !#%!02*'0% 9$9% </:+2 P,'($, 95" !%,'>'0%(1,
-+% 7 *!"#*2" !%-5'(+%7E"9/ %E/+$0', -+% <20% 5' ("#&)" / <0$(+'+"015%8% !#$5)' S45&>$, ,%8&', +%(,/7 % (+%0$)", %5 %<#'E'0(7 * (+$:': , 0/5":
“F"(7), -'02. (,',/5,
+2 5%-1B %("55". (,*%>1 +/-$
9-$(1 * &'0",$. &*%#"),
-+%<2 +'9 :%+1 5' 9$8 /*$&"+1
9$02. 0$,, 9"57 !%,%#$*@$.!..”»
(;"#"*%& :. ;. ;<=&=&*)5
L#"&5"*",%*2" )"5$+"0$ !%4>$$ %E/E'0$ * 4+%9 (+$:%+*%#"5$$
!#"C&" *("8% 80/<%,$" -/*(+*'. D'#$(%*'552. >&"(1 !".>'C: #'55""
/+#%, -/+1 (*"+0""+, +/9'5, *&'0"," %(+#%*', 8&"-+% >' 5$9$ 0%&,', – >'(+'*07"+ &/9'+1 $ -/*(+*%*'+1 5" +%01,% 0$#$-"(,%8% 8"#%7, 5% $ -"0%*",', -$+'BE"8% 4+$ (+$:$. L)"5' %,/+'5' +'.5%.: ,+% +%+ -"0%*",, -+%
5':%&$+(7 +'9, * 0%&,". V' $ 8&" ('9' 0%&,', %5' (,#20'(1 *&'0$, >'
%(+#%*%9… H',$" !"(5$ (#"&5"*",%*2" !%4+2 (-$+'0$ !"(579$ «( $><2+%-529 -/*(+*%9» ((45(), %5$ >%*/+ , (%+*%#-"(+*/ $ (%!"#"C$*'5$B. K' 3II *",%* (/E"(+*%*'5$7 4+%8% (+$:%+*%#"5$7 * 5"9 5':%&$0$
#'>52" -/*(+*': +%(,/ !% 0B<$9%9/ $0$ 0B<$9%.; 8%#"-1 -"0%*",',
%+!#'*0"55%8% * $>85'5$"; !0'- !% /9"#@"9/.
D"$>*"(+52. '*+%# #'((,'>' 4!%:$ F/#%9'+$ «K'!$(,$ % I%9'+$»
/*$&"0 * 4+%9 (+$:%+*%#"5$$ %!$('5$" *("8% </&&$.(,%8% 9$#%>&'5$7:
«U+' !"(57 (%>&'5' #'&$ *(": C$*2: (/E"(+*. O/:+' P,'($ – >'<0/&@"" -"0%*"-"(,%" ("#&)". ;02+1, !#7-'(1 >' %(+#%*'9$, – >5'-$+
———————————
5 D$&>J. D"!#%@"55'7 !%*"(+1 // %(+%-52. '019'5':. 2!/(, &"(7+2.. L%05)" * >"5$+".
F., 1982, (. 445.
285
<0/C&'+1 * +#": 9$#':6. V/9'+1 % 0%&," – %>5'-'"+ *"0$,%" 9$0%("#&$" $ *"0$,%" (%(+#'&'5$" </&&2»7.
!"#$ «%&'() *+)",» - «./+,# -)+)"0»
I%8&' <20% 5'!$('5% (+$:%+*%#"5$" «O/:+' P,'($» – 5"$>*"(+5%.
Q5% *!"#*2" !%7*$0%(1 * «I%,$5 *','(B» M«L%<#'5$$ (+'#2: $ 5%*2:
7!%5(,$: !"("5» !"#*%. «$9!"#'+%#(,%.» '5+%0%8$$ 5'-'0' 3 *.
+",(+" '5+%0%8$$ (+$:%+*%#"5$" !%9"E"5% !%& 5%9"#%9 409.
L,*%>1 #'((*"+52. +/9'5,
5'*$(@$. 5'& </:+%. P,'($,
9-'+(7 &/92 9%$
*(0"& >' +%. 0'&1". %&$5%,%.,
Y+% >' %(+#%*%9 $(-">'"+…
(;"#"*%& >. >. ?&9."!)8
;%(0" (+$:%+*%#"5$7 * '5+%0%8$$ (0"&/"+ T#'>': «U+% (+$:%+*%#"5$", ,', (,'>'0 %&$5 -"0%*",, 5'!$('0 I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#%».
S0'*529 (%(+'*$+"0"9 «I%,$5 *','(B» <20 $>*"(+52. 0$+"#'+%#
I$-5% Z/#'B,$ (868–946), %5 C" 5'!$('0 , «I%,$5 *','(B» !#"&$(0%*$", ,%+%#%9/ (/C&"5% <20% (+'+1 80'*529 !%4+%0%8$-"(,$9 +",(+%9
6!%5$$. O"> !#"/*"0$-"5$7 9%C5% (,'>'+1, -+% ,'C&%" (0%*% 4+%8%
+",(+' 5'@0% !#%&%0C"5$" * !%(0"&/BE". 0$+"#'+/#5%. +#'&$)$$.
«;#"&$(0%*$$» I$-5% Z/#'B,$ !#$*%&$+ )"02. #7& $9"5 !%4+%*, %&5%8% $> 5$: %5 %!#"&"0$0 ,', / !-"& +.45.0. (!%4+$-"(,$. (*7+%.).
U+%+ !%4+ – I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#%. P. R. S0/(,$5' * (*%"9 !"#"*%&"
«;#"&$(0%*$7» !%&%<#'0' 4+%9/ / !-"& +.45.0. *"0$,%0"!52. #/((,$. 4,*$*'0"5+: «,/&"(5$, * (0%C"5$$ !"("5»9. ;#"&$(0%*$" 5"%&5%,#'+5% !"#"*%&$0%(1 5' #/((,$. 7>2,. ;#$*"&/ $5+"#"(/BE$. %+#2*%, * !"#"*%&" A. P. O%#%5$5%.:
«;02*/E$" %("55$9 *"-"#%9 * *%&': H')/+'-#",$ <'8#752" 0$(+17
*$&"0$(1 *0'(+$+"0B D'#2 !'#-%B. P *$@5$, #'()*"+@$" *"("55$9
/+#%9 5' X($5%-8%#", * ("#&)" 3$+%9'#% !#"&(+'*070$(1 5" $5'-" ,',
%<0','9$. A <20 "E" -"0%*", !% $9"5$ 69'<4-5% P,':$+%. I', 5$,+%,
<20 %5 $(,/("5 * (0%C"5$$ !"("5. H#/&5% <20% !%(+'*$+1 3$+%9'#%
*2@" P,':$+%, $ +#/&5% <20% !%(+'*$+1 P,':$+% 5$C" 3$+%9'#%»10.
———————————
;"(57 «O/:+' P,'($» )$+$#/"+(7 * !#"&$(0%*$$ ,', (%-$5"5$" 3$+%9'#%.
W'((*"+…
+/9'5" /+#"55"9
P,'((,%. </:+2
;02*"+ 0'&17, 9"C %(+#%*'9$ !#7-'(1, R. *(0"& >'&/9-$*% (9%+#B…
(;"#"*%& :. >. A&0&"."&*)
Q I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#% 9'0% -+% $>*"(+5%. L*"&"5$7 % 5"9 %+5%(7+(7 , ,%5)/ VII – 5'-'0/ VIII *. «F'5GJ(B» %5 !#"&(+'*0"5 19
&0$5529$ (+$:%+*%#"5$79$ $ 75 (+$:%+*%#"5$79$ !"#!. "#%7+5%,
%5 (0/C$0 !#$ &*%#" 5' (,#%952: &%0C5%(+7:, *%>9%C5%, *2!%0570
%<7>'55%(+$ !#$&*%#5%8% !%4+', * ,%5)" C$>5$ <20 -$5%*5$,%9 * !#%*$5)$$ A*'9$. F5%8$" "8% (+$:%+*%#"5$7 – !"#"#'<%+'552" 5'#%&52"
!"(5$. ;#$"9'9, /5'(0"&%*'5529 %+ 5'#%&5%. !%4>$$, %5 !#$&'0 >',%5-"55/B :/&%C"(+*"55/B T%#9/, (+#%8% $5&$*$&/'0152. (+$01.
V07 "8% !%4>$$ :'#',+"#"5 !'#'00"0$>9, #$+9$-"(,$" !%*+%#2. L+$:%+*%#"5$" «O/:+' P,'($» * «F'5GJ(B» 5" *%@0%.
1&23,-)4)-#/ .,#(/ 2)!( 5!"#! «%&'() *+)",»
-6"7&0 +)(!8/4,0
6 H#$ 9$#' (-!"45)) – </&&$.(,%" !%57+$", %>5'-'BE"" !#%@"&@"", 5'(+%7E"" $ </&/E"".
7 Q+%8$-&>%($. (D$:%5 ,%+45 </58',/ +'.,4. – O%01@'7 ("#$7 7!%5(,%. ,0'(($-"(,%. 0$+"#'+/#2, +. 38). H%,$%, 1970, (.86. ;"#"*%& #'((,'>' «K'!$(,$ % I%9'+$» 5' #/((,$. 7>2, (9.:
«K'!$(,$ % I%9'+$» – #'((,'> % !%4+': $ !%4>$$. // Orientalia et Classica: H#/&2 A5(+$+/+'
*%(+%-52: ,/01+/# $ '5+$-5%(+$. 2!/(, 333II. A(+%#$7 $ ,/01+/#' +#'&$)$%55%. 6!%5$$.
F., W%(($.(,$. 8%(/&'#(+*"552. 8/9'5$+'#52. /5$*"#($+"+, 2010, (.131–167.
8 I%,$5*','(B, +.1–3, !"#. P. P. V%0$5'. F., 1995.
9 L%<#'5$" &#"*5$: $ 5%*2: !"("5 69'+%. ;#"&$(0%*$". ;"#"*%& P. R. S0/(,$5%. // @. :. $&"0!4. 6!%5(,'7 0$+"#'+/#' * %<#'>)': $ %-"#,':, +.1. ?"5$58#'&, 1927, (. 94–99.
10 :. >. A&0&"."!. V"*7+1 (+/!"5". *','. 6!%5(,$" !%4+2 %< $(,/((+*" !%4>$$. F., 2006,
(. 17–18.
S%&2 C$>5$ [/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% (966–1041) !#$:%&7+(7 5' *#"97
#'()*"+' :4.'5(,%. ,/01+/#2. [/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% #%&$0(7 * %&$5 8%&
( [/&>$*'#'-5% F$+$5'8' (966–1027), *("($01529 ,'5)0"#%9 $ 0B<$+"0"9 $(,/((+*. A9"55% * +" 8%&2, ,%8&' F$+$5'8' <20 / *0'(+$, (%>&'52 !#%$>*"&"5$7 7!%5(,%. 0$+"#'+/#2, &% ($: !%# (-$+'BE$"(7 5"!#"*>%.&"5529$. L#"&$ 5$: – #%9'5 «S45&>$ 9%5%8'+'#$», «F',/#'-5%
(%($» («K'!$(,$ / $>8%0%*17») L4. LJ5'8%5, &5"*5$, $ (+$:$ A&>/9$
L$,$</. [/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% <20 %&5$9 $> ('92: *0$7+"0152: !%4+%*.
3%+7 (-$+'"+(7, -+% %5 5" $9"0 !%0$+$-"(,$: '9<$)$., %&5',% $9"0
%-"51 *2(%,$. (*+%#%.) !#$&*%#52. #'58 $ <20 $>*"(+"5 ,', (+'#@$.
(%*"+5$, (8.45( 4!*"!1&"). A>*"(+52. '9"#$,'5(,$. /-"52. V%5'01&
I$5 5'!$('0 % I$5+%, -+% %5 <20 !%4+%9 «%<%C'"929 (%*#"9"55$,'9$».
[/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% /!%9$5'B+ * (*%$: (%-$5"5$7: $ F/#'(',$ L$,$</, $ L4. LJ5'8%5. NC" * &"*7+5'&)'+$0"+5"9 *%>#'(+" %5 /-'(+*%*'0
* !%4+$-"(,$: +/#5$#':, ' !%>C" -'(+% <20 (/&1". 5' +',$: +/#5$#':.
I$5+% – (%(+'*$+"01 )"0%8% #7&' '5+%0%8$. $ '*+%# &*/: !%4+%0%8$-"(,$: +#',+'+%*. A9"55% [/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% – (%>&'+"01 (!$(,' «36
<"((9"#+52: 7!%5(,%. !%4>$$»: (+$:$ 36 !%4+%* <20$ !%9"E"52 * (%(+'*0"55%9 $9 (<%#5$," «L%<#'5$" +#$&)'+$ @"(+$ !%4+%*» («L'5&>B#%,/5$5 (B»). 4+%9 (%<#'5$$ I$5+% !#$9"5$0 5" (*%.(+*"552.
'5+%0%8$79 "8% *#"9"5$ '*+%#(,$. !#$5)$! #'(!%0%C"5$7 9'+"#$'0'.
Q&5$9 $> ('92: $>*"(+52: (%-$5"5$. [/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% (-$+'"+(7
+#',+'+ «V"*7+1 (+/!"5". *','» (« ',' ,/:%5»).
286
287
L0%*% #/+&", !"#"*"&"55%" * &'55%9 5'>*'5$$ ,', «&"*7+1 (+/!"5".», $9""+ 7#,% *2#'C"552" </&&$.(,$" ,%55%+')$$. K'9"-'+"0152.
$((0"&%*'+"01 7!%5(,%. ,/01+/#2 $0179 ?'[0J# * ,5$8" «I'#9'
(0%*: O/&&$>9 $ 0$+"#'+/#' * (#"&5"*",%*%. 6!%5$$» :'#',+"#$>/"+
&/:%*5/B '+9%(T"#/ 7!%5(,%8% (#"&5"*",%*17 +',$9 %<#'>%9: «6 <2
!#"&!%0%C$0, -+% 92 (9%C"9 0/-@" *("8% #'>%<#'+1(7 * *%#%:" 9'+"#$'0%* 4+%8% !"#$%&', %!#"&"0$* -0B4"B=B#&=/2 6!%5$B, ,', 4!%:/, *
,%+%#%. %(5%*52" $5+"00",+/'0152" !#%<0"92, 5'$<%0"" '*+%#$+"+52" +",(+2 $ $(+%-5$,$, ' +',C" %(5%*52" ($9*%02 <20$ </&&$.(,$9$. U+% 5" >5'-$+, -+% ,#%9" </&&$.(,$: +%8&' 5" (/E"(+*%*'0% &#/8$: !#%<0"9, +",(+%* $ ($9*%0%*; &"0% 0$@1 * +%9, -+% %5$ !#"&(+'*070$ * +%+ !"#$%& $5+"00",+/'015/B 8"8"9%5$B»11.
L#"&$ 5'$<%0"" !%-$+'"92: * 6!%5$$ </&& 5' %&5%9 $> !"#*2:
9"(+ (+%$+ </&&' P9$&'. P9$&' (P9$+'<:') – *0'(+$+"01 K'!'&5%.
-$(+%. >"90$ ((+#'52 « 2(@". #'&%(+$», #'7), 9"(+', ,/&' (+#"97+(7
!%!'(+1 0B&$. N-"5$" % Y$(+%. >"90" %(5%*'5% 5' «+#": (/+#': %<
P9$+'<:"» (P9$&' ('9</,J)12. % *(": (/+#': 8%*%#$+(7 % +#": ,0'((':
C$*2: (/E"(+*, ,%+%#29 (/C&"5% #%&$+1(7 * Y$(+%. >"90" </&&2
P9$&'. «L/+#" (%>"#)'5$7 O/&&2 P9$+'B('» («P9$&',J») ,'C&2.
$> 4+$: +#": ,0'((%* #'>&"0"5 "E" 5' +#$ *$&'. A> 4+%8% $ !%0/-'"+(7
&"*7+1 (+/!"5". (#/+&") C$*2: (/E"(+*, ,%+%#29 (/C&"5% #%&$+1(7 *
#'B. A9"55% +',/B &"*7+$-0"55/B (+#/,+/#/ %)"5,$ !%4+$-"(,$: (%-$5"5$. !#$9"57"+ * (*%". #'<%+" [/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+%.
L+$01 ('92: 0/-@$:, &%(+%.52: 5'$*2(@". %)"5,$ !"("5 [/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% %!#"&"07B+ (0"&/BE$9 %<#'>%9: « 2(@'7 (+/!"51,
*2(@'7 (+"!"51 – 4+% !"(5$, * ,%+%#2: (0%*% !#",#'(5% $ "(+1 $><2+%,
-/*(+*'»13.
V*' (+$:%+*%#"5$7 !%9"E"52 * 4+/ *2(@/B ,'+"8%#$B. ;"#*%"
(+$:%+*%#"5$" F$</-5% H'&'9$54 $> '5+%0%8$$ «LB$*','(B»:
D" !#'*&' 0$,
;#$@0' *"(5'?
N*$&"0 7 /+#%9:
F$J($5% 8%#2
;%&"#5/+2 &29,%.…
(;"#"*%& :. >. A&0&"."&*)
———————————
11 C. ;!D9(0. I'#9' (0%*: O/&&$>9 $ 0$+"#'+/#' * (#"&5"*",%*%. 6!%5$$. ;"#. P. S. ["(B5'.
F., 2000, (.17.
12 L/+#2: «W'((,'>'55'7 O/&&%. (/+#' P9$+'<:$ (F'0'7 L/,:'*'+$*1B:' (/+#')», «;#%!%*"&'55'7 O/&&%. 9':'75(,'7 (/+#' *"0$-"(+*"55%8% -$(+%8%, (!%,%.5%8%, #%*5%8% $ #'*5%8%
!#%(*"+0"5$7 O/&&2 P9$+'B(' (O%01@'7 L/,:'*'+$*1B:' (/+#')», «L/+#' (%>"#)'5$7 O/&&2
P9$+'B('». ;"#"*%& 5' #/((,$. 7>2, // A><#'552" (/+#2 ,$+'.(,%8% </&&$>9'. ;"#"*%& (
,$+'.(,%8% V. . ;%!%*)"*', I. \. L%0%5$5', R. P. H%#-$5%*'. L;<, 1999, (. 73–292.
13 :. >. A&0&"."!. V"*7+1 (+/!"5". *','. 6!%5(,$" !%4+2 %< $(,/((+*" !%4>$$. F., «D'/,'», 2006, (. 59.
288
9(/4/! "(,'/(-/4!#,! – «%&'() *+)",».
H', «O/:+' P,'($» <20' !#$>5'5' !"(5". «*2(@". !#%<2». K'9"+$9, -+% '*+%#2 4+$: (+$:%+*%#"5$. * « ',' ,/:%5» 5" 5'>2*'B+(7.
[/&>$*'#'-5% I$5+% *,0B-$0 «O/:+/ P,'($» * )"02. #7& (%(+'*0"552: $9 '5+%0%8$.: «I$58J,/(B» (10078., «L%<#'5$" >%0%+' $ &#'8%)"55%(+".»), «V>45&>B8%<'5 /+''*'(4» (%,.10088., «;#%@02. !%4+$-"(,$. +/#5$# * !7+5'&)'+1 #'/5&%*»), «L'5&>B5$5(45» (%,. 1009 8.,
«Q+%<#'552" !"(5$ +#$&)'+$ !%4+%*»), «L$5(J:$(J» (%,. 1012 8., «L",#"+52" >'!$($ *5/+#"55$: !%,%"*»), « ','5 #%4.(B» (%,. 1012 8., «L%<#'5$" 7!%5(,$: $ ,$+'.(,$: !"("5 &07 &",0'9')$$»)14.
:#/-#/ ;)+)<&4)?
L&"0'55%" * +",(+" «I%,$5 *','(B» >'9"-'5$" % +%9, -+% *%>9%C52. '*+%# (+$:%+*%#"5$7 «O/:+' P,'($» I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#%, $
)$+$#%*'5$" 4+%8% (+$:%+*%#"5$7 * «;#"&$(0%*$$» , '5+%0%8$$ !#$*"0% , +%9/, -+% '*+%#%9 (+'0$ (-$+'+1 I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#%. R8%
'*+%#(+*% %<%>5'-"5% * #7&" <%0"" !%>&5$: '5+%0%8$., (+$:%+*%#"5$"
+',C" <20% *,0B-"5% * !%4+$-"(,%" (%<#'5$" I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#%, !#$-"9 %5% *:%&$+ *% *(", :%+7 $ >5'-$+"015% %+0$-'BE$"(7 &#/8 %+
&#/8', #"&',)$$ 4+%8% (<%#5$,'.
Q&5',% "(+1 $ &#/8%. «!#"+"5&"5+» 5' '*+%#(+*%. U+% M Q5%-5% H','9/#'.
Q5%-5% H','9/#' (802–853) – /-"52. $ !%4+, !$('*@$. !%-7!%5(,$
$ !%-,$+'.(,$, >5'+%, ,$+'.(,%. 0$+"#'+/#2, $(,/(52. ,'00$8#'T. I%8&'+% "8% !#"&%, Q5%-5% A9%,% *%>80'*070 %&5% $> !"#*2: 7!%5(,$: !%(%01(+* * I$+'., ' *%+ Q5%-5% H','9/#' %+,'>'0(7 %+!#'*$+1(7 ( !%(%01(+*%9 * I$+'., (,'>'*@$(1 <%01529. K' 4+% %5 <20 %+!#'*0"5 *
((20,/ 5' ("91 0"+.
!%4+$-"(,$: '5+%0%8$7: ,%#%+,$" (+$:%+*%#"5$7 !"#! -'(+% (%!#%*%C&'B+(7 !#%>'$-"(,$9$ !%7(5"5$79$. Q&$5 $> #'55$: C'5#%*
7!%5(,%. 0$+"#'+/#2 – / !-%&"&1! !0. – (+#%$+(7 5' +%9, -+% <"#"+(7
/C" (/E"(+*/BE$. * ,/01+/#" !%4+$-"(,$. +",(+ $ !#$&/92*'"+(7 "8%
«<$%8#'T$7», %<(+%7+"01(+*' !%7*0"5$7 (+$:%+*%#"5$7. I#%9" !#%$>*"&"5$., %+5"("552: $(+%#$,'9$ 0$+"#'+/#2 , C'5#/ / !%&"&1! !0., !% +',%9/ C" !#$5)$!/ (%-$570%(1 95%8% #'((,'>%*, *:%&7E$: * (<%#5$,$ -)E/=!.
(<%#5$," -)E/=! XII *. «I%5&>7,/ 9%5%8'+'#$ (B» («L%<#'5$"
(+'#%&'*5$: !%*"(+".») (24–45) !"(5B «O/:+' P,'($» (%-$57"+ $9"55%
Q5%-5% H','9/#'. W'((,'> %-"51 ,%#%+,$..
———————————
14 L9.: Anne Commons. Hitomaro: poet as god. Leiden-Boston, «Brill», 2009.
289
«=)""+)3 / (/<, +)+ :#/-#/ ;)+)<&4) >6? /(54)-?!#
- 54/-,#@,0 :+, , "/A,#$? 5!"#,».
(+'#%&'*5$" *#"9"5' C$0 -"0%*", !% $9"5$ Q5%-5% H','9/#'.
I%8&' (0/-$0%(1 %&5% &"0%15, $ %5 <20 %+!#'*0"5 * !#%*$5)$B
Q,$. NC" (%<$#'7(1 ("(+1 5' ,%#'<01 $ %+!02+1, %5 (%-$5$0 !"(5B $
!%(0'0 (*%"9/ >5',%9%9/, ,%+%#2. C$0 * (+%0$)":
L,'C$ $9,
Q, #2<'-17 0%&,',
Y+% 7 *2<#%@"5
D' #'*5$5/ @$#%,%8% 9%#7
S&" <"(-$(0"552" %(+#%*'.
;#$<2* * 9"(+% !%& 5'>*'5$"9 «P,'($», %5 %(+'5%*$0(7 +'9 5'
5%-0"8. O20 &"*7+2. 9"(7), 5' #'((*"+" %5 5" 9%8 /(5/+1, /*$&"0 !02*/E/B 0%&,/, ,%+%#'7 (,#20'(1 >' %(+#%*%9, $ #'(+#%8'552., (%-$5$0
(+$::
R&*'-"&*'
L*"+0""+ * </:+" L*"+0%.-P,'($
+/9'5" /+#"55"9
;02*"+, >' %(+#%*'9$ !#7-'(1,
?%&,'. (" &/9'B % 5"..
;#%$>5%(7 4+%+ (+$:, %5 !0','0. ;"#"&'B+, -+% 4+% #'((,'>'0 ('9
H','9/#', ,%8&' *"#5/0(716.
D"(9%+#7 5' +%, -+% !#$*"&"55'7 $(+%#$7 !#$!$(2*'"+ '*+%#(+*%
Q5%-5% H','9/#', ' >5'-$+, (+'*$+ *%!#%( % +%9, !#'*&' 0$, -+% (+$:%+*%#"5$" !#$5'&0"C$+ ,$(+$ 3$+%9'#%, (% *#"9"5"9 "8% '*+%#(+*% 5"
+%01,% <20% !#$>5'55% <">%8%*%#%-529, 5% &'552. !%4+$-"(,$. +",(+
*%@"0 * #$+/'0 !%,0%5"5$7 3$+%9'#% – !%4+/, (+'*@"9/ <%8%9.
!"#$ «%&'() *+)",» #) 5/4(4!()' .)+,#/</(/-#/ B,(/<)4/
D$,%9/ 5" $>*"(+5%, ,', I',$5%9%+% 3$+%9'#% *2807&"0. D'*"#5%", $> C"0'5$7 />5'+1 4+%, $ #%&$0'(1 0"8"5&' % +%9, ,', <20 (%>&'5
!"#*2. !%#+#"+ I',$5%9%-5% 3$+%9'#%.
W'((,'> % !"#*%9 !%#+#"+" !%9"E"5 * (<%#5$," -)E/=!, (%(+'*0"55%9 H'+$<'5'-5% D'#$(/4, «I%,%5 +J9%5&>B» («L%<#'5$" (+'#%8% $
5%*%8%, $>*"(+5%8% $ /(02@'55%8%», 1254); (5-204). 5"9, * -'(+5%(+$,
8%*%#$+(7:
«<…> I'54T/(' P(%517, !#'*$+"01 L'5/,$, 0B<$0 ;%4>$B $ <20
%8%#-"5 +"9, -+% 5" >5'"+ %<0$,' 3$+%9'#%. 3$+%9'#% 7*$0(7 "9/ *%
———————————
(5" $ %<G7*$0: “;% !#$-$5" +%8%, -+% *2 *%(:$E'"+"(1 95%., 7 7*07B
*'9 (*%. %<0$,”. ;%(,%01,/ I'54T/(' 5" <20 ($0"5 * #$(%*'5$$, (0"&/BE$9 /+#%9 %5 !#$>*'0 :/&%C5$,'. H%+ 5'#$(%*'0 +',, ,', "9/ <20% %<G7(5"5%, $ %,'>'0%(1, -+% $>%<#'C"5$" 5" %+0$-'"+(7 %+ +%8%, ,',%" <20% 7*0"5% *% (5". Q<#'&%*'552. 4+$9, I'54T/(' (+'0 4+% $>%<#'C"5$" !%-$+'+1. N@"&@$. ( !#"(+%0' $9!"#'+%# L$#','*', +%C"
!%-$+'7 ;/+1 !%4>$$, !%!#%($0 %+&'+1 "9/ 4+% $>%<#'C"5$", %5% :#'5$0%(1 * (%,#%*$E5$)" LJ,%9J$5. R8% !#"*%(:%&$+"01(+*% P,$(/4,
80'*' W"9%5+5%8% <B#%, </&/-$ <0$>,$9 , 8%(!%&$5/ -"0%*",%9, !#%($0
!%#+#"+, 5% 5" !%0/-$0 *2(%-'.@"8% #'>#"@"5$7, %&5',% %5 /!%#5% !%*+%#70 (*%B !#%(1</, $ * ,%5)" ,%5)%* "9/ !%>*%0$0$ (57+1 ,%!$B»18.
V'01@" (%<2+$7 ( !%#+#"+%9 #'>*$*'0$(1 +',$9 %<#'>%9: !%&0$55$, (8%#"0, $ +%+ !%#+#"+, ,%+%#29 %<0'&'0 P,$(/4, %,'>'0(7 ('929
(+'#29 !%#+#"+%9 3$+%9'#%.
[/&>$*'#'-5% P,$(/4 (1055–1123) (&"0'0 <0"(+7E/B ,'#1"#/. Q5
>'5$9'0 !%(+2 !#'*$+"07 5"(,%01,$: !#%*$5)$., &%(0/C$0(7 &%
+#"+1"8% !#$&*%#5%8% #'58'. ;%(+#%"55'7 $9 /('&1<' #'(!%0'8'0'(1 5'
]"(+%. /0$)" (W%,/&>J), !%4+%9/ "8% >5'B+ ,', W%,/&>J-5% P,$(/4, %5
%(5%*'0 !%4+$-"(,/B @,%0/, ,%+%#'7 5%($+ 5'>*'5$" W%,/&>J. U+' !%4+$-"(,'7 @,%0' $>*"(+5' (*%". ,%5("#*'+$*5%(+1B $ * &'015".@"9
%!!%>$)$%55%(+1B , @,%0" F$,%:$&'#$, !#"&(+'*$+"0"9 ,%+%#%. <20
>5'9"5$+2. [/&>$*'#'-5% LB5&>4. (H%($5'#$, 1114–1204)19.
;%4+$-"(,'7 ',+$*5%(+1 P,$(/4 <20' &%*%015% *"0$,', %5 /-'(+*%*'0 * )"0%9 #7&" !#$&*%#52: !%4+$-"(,$: +/#5$#%*, $>*"(+"5 $ !%4+$-"(,$. +/#5$# * "8% &%9" * 1109 8%&/ – «;%4+$-"(,$. +/#5$# * &%9"
8%(!%&$5' P,$(/4» («P,$(/4 IJ-5% $4-5% /+''*'(4»). P,$(/4 <20 %&5$9 $> 0/-@$: >5'+%,%* «F'5GJ(B». I$-5% Z/#'B,$ * ;#"&$(0%*$$ ,
«I%,$5*','(B» 5'>*'0 I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#% «<"((9"#+529»,
P,$(/4 (!%(%<(+*%*'0 "8% !#"*#'E"5$B * <%C"(+*% !%4>$$ (%(45.").
1118 8. * #">$&"5)$$ [/&>$*'#'-5% P,$(/4 5' ]"(+%. 0$5$$ <20'
/(+#%"5' !"#*'7 )"#"9%5$7 – !%&5%@"5$" &'#%* $>%<#'C"5$B I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#% ()*1/).
Q!$('5$" 4+%. !"#*%. )"#"9%5$$ %(+'*$0 "" /-'(+5$, [/&>$*'#'5% P)/9$+$ (1063–1144) * «I',$5%9%+% 4.8/ ,$» («K'!$($ % !%&5%@"5$$ I',$5%9%+%»)20. '#$'5+ %!$('5$7 4+%8% (%<2+$7 5':%&$9 * #'((,'>" $> (<%#5$,' «I%,%5 +J9%5&>B» (5-178), A(+%#$7 %>'80'*0"5': «Q
15 A9""+(7 * *$&/ %+,'> %+!#'*$+1(7 ( !%(%01(+*%9 * I$+'..
16 I%5&>7,/ 9%5%8'+'#$ (B (L%<#'5$" (+'#%&'*5$: !%*"(+".). H%,$%, 1970, +. 4, (. 342–343.
(D$:%5 ,%+45 </58',/ +'.,4., 25).
17 [/&>$*'#'-5% I'54T/(' (1001–1069) !% !#%$(:%C&"5$B 9%8 #'((-$+2*'+1 5' ('9/B
<0"(+7E/B ,'#1"#/, %&5',% +',%*%. 5" &%<$0(7, (0/C$0 * %(5%*5%9 * !#%*$5)$7:. A>*"(+"5
,', !%4+. 15 "8% (+$:%+*%#"5$. !%9"E"52 * $9!"#'+%#(,$" '5+%0%8$$, /(+#'$*'0 !%4+$-"(,$" (%<#'5$7 $ +/#5$#2. $(+%#$$ !%4>$$ >5'9"5$+, !#"C&" *("8% (*%$9 (5%9, * ,%+%#%9
/*$&"0 3$+%9'#%.
18 I%,%5 +J9%5&>B. H%,$%, 1969, (. 181–182. (D$:%5 ,%+45 </58',/ +'.,4., 84).
19 L9.: '. :. A0B-9!=BE. S%#52. !#$B+. H*%#-"(+*% [/&>$*'#' LB5&>4.. 0'&$*%(+%,, 2010.
20 ;"#"*%& 5' '580$.(,$. 7>2, (9. * ,5$8" Anne Commons. Hitomaro: poet as god. LeidenBoston: Brill, 2009.
290
291
+%9, ,', 80'*' W"9%5+5%8% <B#% P,$(/4 !#%*"0 )"#"9%5$B !%&5%@"5$7 3$+%9'#%». H",(+ «I%,%5 +J9%5&>B» * !"#*/B %-"#"&1 %!$(2*'"+
!%#+#"+ 3$+%9'#%, (%<(+*"55% %<G",+ !%,0%5"5$7. D' !%#+#"+", %!$('55%9 * «I%,%5 +J9%5&>B», 3$+%9'#% $>%<#'C"5, &"#C'E$9 0$(+
</9'8$ * 0"*%. #/," $ ,$(+1 * !#'*%.. D'& $>%<#'C"5$"9 – +",(+, ,%+%#2.
(%(+%$+ $> ;#"&$(0%*$7 (5' ,$+'.(,%9 7>2,"), ,$+'.(,%8% (+$:%+*%#"5$7 ((%<(+*"55% (0'*%(0%*$7) $> 16 (+#%, * 4 >5',' $ (+$:%+*%#"5$7
«O/:+' P,'($»21.
7!%5(,%9 $>%<#'>$+"015%9 $(,/((+*" !%4+2 !#"&(+'*0"52 95%8%-$(0"5529$ $>%<#'C"5$79$. Y'E" *("8% #$(%*'0$ 36 8"5$"* !%4>$$.
A>%<#'C"5$" !%4+' *% 95%8$: (0/-'7: (%!#%*%C&'"+(7 +",(+%9 %&5%8%
$0$ 5"(,%01,$: "8% (+$:%+*%#"5$. – ('92: >5'9"5$+2:, ('92: 0/-@$:. D' !%#+#"+': I',$5%9%+%-5% 3$+%9'#% -'E" *("8% 9%C5% !#%-$+'+1 >5'9"5$+/B !"(5B «O/:+' P,'($».
L+$:%+*%#"5$" «O/:+' P,'($» * ,5$8" «U:%5 :'5','&>/#'» 1764 8.
3/&%C5$, L/&>/,$ 3'#/5%</. I%99"5+'+%# H%,/(%($. A>&'+"01 69'&>',$ I$9<4.
———————————
21 I%,%5 +J9%5&>B. H%,$%, 1969, (. 162–163.
292
6829:;< : 6=8::
«>?"(31,*@» – ?13$($A1!'BC($' 0B$D'("' >1!E 61(EF0(E
(15367.)
. 2. G$B#$%
C"()#/-?!#,$ / +&4)+)()
&'55%. !/<0$,')$$ *!"#*2" !#"&(+'*0"5 !"#"*%& (% (#"&5"*",%*%8% 7!%5(,%8% 7>2,' 5' #/((,$. ('9%8% <%01@%8% >',%5%&'+"015%8%
(*%&' !"#$%&' «*%BBE$: !#%*$5)$.» (L458%,/ &>$&'. – 1467–1590 88.) –
«V>$5,'.(B» ( !")1. «V>$5,'.(B» (&'0"" «V») – $(,0B-$+"015%
)"552. $(+%-5$,, (%&"#C'E$. /5$,'0152" &'552" !% (%)$'015%. $
!%0$+$-"(,%. $(+%#$$ 6!%5$$ XVI-8% (+%0"+$7. (+'+1" +',C" !"#"*"&"5 5"<%01@%. (<%#5$, >',%5%* «I/#','+'-5% %,$+4» (&%(0%*5% «C- !"&=9B".F & #/0!#! !»), /+*"#C&"552. * 15338., 5' +#$ 8%&' #'51@" «V».
Q5 (%(+%$+ $> 13 (+'+"., /(+'5'*0$*'*@$: !#'*$0' #'<%+2 #/0!#! !
(*0'&"01)"* #%(+%*E$-"(,$: ,%5+%# $ 0%9<'#&%*). U+%+ !#'*%*%. !'97+5$,, 5" $><"C'*@$. *0$75$7 >',%5%* (J8/5'+' P($,'8', &%@"0 &%
5'@"8% *#"9"5$ ,', !#$0%C"5$" , %&5%9/ $> (!$(,%* «V».
N0%C"5$" «V>$5,'.(B» <20% (%>&'5% * 15368. !% !#$,'>/ &'.9J
V'+4 H'549/54 (#$%&), ,57C"(+*% ,%+%#%8% >'5$9'0% %<@$#52"
+"##$+%#$$ ("*"#52: >"9"01 F/)/ $ V4*'. #"97 (%>&'5$7 (*%&' !#$:%&$+(7 5' !"#$%& /!'&,' (J8/5'+' P($,'8', ,%8&' *%"55%" !#'*$+"01(+*%
———————————
1 W'5"" 4+%+ B#$&$-"(,$. !'97+5$, !"#"*%&$0(7 5' 5"9"),$. 7>2, (Wilhelm Rohl.
Jinkaishu // Ein Beitrag zum mittelalterlichen japanischen Recht. Tokyo. 1960). P*+%# (+'+1$ 5"
(9%8 %>5',%9$+1(7 ( 4+$9 !"#"*%&%9, !%(,%01,/ (%%+*"+(+*/BE$. +#/& 5"9"),%8% $(+%#$,',
$((0"&%*'*@"8% ,%&",(, %+(/+(+*/"+ ,', * #%(($.(,$: <$<0$%+",':, +', $ * (*%<%&5%9 &%(+/!" *
("+$ A5+"#5"+. Q<(+%7+"015'7 ,#$+$,' $((0"&%*'5$7 $ !"#"*%&' .WJ07 (9. * $&,!F-. G.0&-..
V'+4-,4 V>$5,'.(B-5% ,45,B (A((0"&%*'5$" «V>$5,'.(B» &%9' V'+4). H%,$%. 1970, (.377–396.
;"#"*%& .WJ07 %(5%*'5 5' +",(+" «V», %!/<0$,%*'55%9 * #'<%+" $/%!45!#. 7! !0/. L458%,/ &>$&'.-5% </,4 :%(4. (;#'*%*'7 ($(+"9' *%"552: &%9%* !"#$%&' L458%,/) H%,$%. 1944.
F"C&/ +"9 4+' *"#($7 «V» *%(!#%$>*%&$0' 0$@1 %&$5 $> (!$(,%* (*%&', %!/<0$,%*'55%8% *
(%<#'5$$ $(+%-5$,%* «I'.+4. ($(4,$ (B#'5». 4+%9 (!$(," %<5'#/C$*'"+(7 5"9'0% 0',/5 $
%@$<%,, -+% 5" 9%80% 5" (,'>'+1(7 5' '&",*'+5%(+$ $5+"#!#"+')$$ +",(+' 5"9"),$9 /-"529.
($&,!F-. G.0&-.. V'+4-,4 V>$5,'.(B-5% ,45,B…, (.395).
I#%9" +%8%, &07 9"57, , (%C'0"5$B, %,'>'0'(1 5"&%(+/!5%. &%,+%#(,'7 &$(("#+')$7 ?H. $!"4!
5' '580$.(,%9 7>2,", * ,%+%#%. '5'0$>$#/"+(7 «V>$5,'.(B» (Kanda James. Japanese Feudal
Society in the Sixteenth Century as Seen Through the Jinkaishu and Other Legal Codes. Ph.D. dissertation, Departments of History and East Asian Languages, Harvard University, 1974).
293