2016 Географический вестник 1(36) Экология и

2016
1(36)
911.2:581.9
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
XX .
,
.
(
)
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
1979
2011 .
,
:
(
,
),
.
,
,
,
.
:
.
,
,
.
A.N. Barmin, M.V. Valov, M.M. Iolin, N.S. Shuvaev
VOLGA RIVER DELTOID VISUAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL-ANTHROPOGENIC
CONVERSION
Anthropogenic influence environment has ratched up sharply from the middle of XX century that become
reason of person’s living conditions detoriation in many cases and visual environment bio-productivity
reduction. Resulting from it there is a necessity factor to organize and conduct monitoring for influencing
factor (first of all anthropogenic) on visual environment and ecosystem state, forecast of its future state,
correspondence analysis forecast and environment real state. It is necessary to conduct monitoring for the
lower Volga soil and vegetation cover as the main power unit and ecosystem state display. Without
phytoconosis monitoring it’s impossible to make clear ecological economic decisions, when constant
amendment of natural resources bottom land distinctive features is needed, usage and ecosystem protection
real system interconnection. The main tendencies of delta river Volga vegetation cover during 1979 till 2011
are shown in this work. The lead environmental factors changes are kept under review during monitoring,
which defines the main Volga river delta visual environment vegetation cover hydrologic regime changes
and water situation , some climate characteristics(average annual air temperature, average temperature
amount and precipitation amount for foliated season, also vegetation cover unique differentiation feature
depending on deltoid ground features and processes associated with it.
K e y w o r d s: river Volga delta, phytocoenosis dynamic, productivity growth, hydrologic regime. Visual
environment functioning.
.,
.,
.,
., 2016
78
2016
1(36)
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
[13].
,
,
,
[12].
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
(
)
[6].
,
,
[13].
,
,
,
,
,
[13].
1979 .
.
,
.
15
2 2
,
:
,
.
,
,
.
50 50
126
,
,
.
[1; 3–5; 7–9; 14].
.
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
,
[13].
.
,
,
,
[4].
[11].
,
,
79
.
,
2016
1(36)
.
80-
. XX .
(
(
)
.1) [2].
1
.
,°
> 10°
,
3
> 10°
3
,
1972–1981
1982–1991
1992–2001
2002–2011
232
264
268
245
92
109
117
98
10,0
10,2
10,3
10,8
3601
3714
3612
3886
126
147
165
149
.
(2002-2011)
1982-1991 . 1992-2001
7%
.,
.
[2; 16].
[4].
,
,
,
:
,
[15].
1982,
1996, 2006, 2011
.
,
[5; 7].
«Flora Europaea» [17].
2
1.2
[3].
3
,
1982
2006 .
,
.
1982
2006 .
11
,
2011 .
«
, Crypsis schoenoides,
»
,
.
Bolboschoenus maritimus
. 2).
2
2
,
Typha angustifolia
Bolboschoenus maritimus
Phragmites australis
Typha angustifolia
1982 . 2011 .
68,5 %
,
1982
13.6
19.2
5.0
720.9
1996
590.3
48.0
62.5
964.2
2006
613.0
75.8
1467.6
2946.0
Phragmites australis,
[4].
,
,
angustifolia
2011
404.6
3.3
624.3
1502.5
(
Phragmites australis)
,
[14].
80
,
,
,
,
Typha
2016
1(36)
,
.
2
: 1,3–1,8
1,9–2,4
[5].
,
1,3–1,8
,
,
,
1,9–2,4 .
60
;
[3].
: Euphorbia uralensis, Lythrum virgatum, Senecio jacobaea,
officinalis.
(
repens, Dodartia orientalis.
1,9–2,4
)
,
,
Euphorbia palustris, Stachys palustris.
,
1,9–2,4 ,
1,3–1,8 ,
lthaea officinalis, Asparagus
Phragmites australis.
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Acroptilon
,
40
.
Hierochloe repens, Lythrum virgatum,
,
,
,
(1,3–2,4 ) (
. 1.
1982
. 1).
,
2
2006 .
1996 .).
2011 .
Elytrigia repens. Typha angustifolia
.
.
Typha angustifolia
).
1996 .
(
(
68,4
81
,
1982 .
74%
2
,
Typha angustifolia
37
. 2006
1996 .),
2011
7,6%
Elytrigia repens ( . 2).
2016
1(36)
. 2.
Elytrigia repens
1.3 – 1.8 )
(
2011 .
1982 .
Glycyrrhiza glabra,
,
2006 . ( 6,8%
2006 .
8,6
Bolboschoenus maritimus, Eleocharis palustris
1982 .
Bolboschoenus maritimus
Phragmites australis – 389,4
( . 3).
. 3.
22
.
1982 .
1,3–1,8 .
2011 .
Glycyrrhiza glabra
),
.
Phragmites australis. 2006 .
7,3
, Eleocharis palustris –
16,2
Phragmites australis
1,3–1,8 )
2011 .
10, 2,3
,
,
1,3–1,8
Typha angustifolia, Phragmites australis
) 2011 . (6,9%
.
2,2
1,9–2,4
[5].
,
,
2006 . (1,6%
)(
82
. 4).
,
2016
1(36)
. 4.
(
Phragmites australis
1,9–2,4 )
Bolboschoenus maritimus, Elytrigia repens Glycyrrhiza glabra
1982 2006 . 2006 .
1982 .
Bolboschoenus maritimus
8,6
, Elytrigia repens – 72,4
, Glycyrrhiza glabra – 467,5
( . 5).
. 5.
2011 .
16
Glycyrrhiza glabra
1,9–2,4 )
2006 .
,
7
Bolboschoenus maritimus
Elytrigia repens – 20% ( . 6).
. 6.
Elytrigia repens
1,9–2,4 )
83
Glycyrrhiza glabra
2016
1(36)
Rubia tatarica
1,9–2,4 [5].
,
1982
1996 .
,
[3].
,
Aeluropus pungens,
Aeluropus pungens
,
Euphorbia uralensis, Dodartia orientalis.
Elytrigia repens
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
.
Elytrigia repens, Glycyrrhiza glabra.
,
Aeluropus pungens
1982
(
2011
.
2006 ,
. 7) [14].
. 7.
2011 .
tatarica (3,9%
61%
maritimus,
Eleocharis palustris (1,2%
).
2006 .).
2011 .
2006 2011 .
1996
2006 .
4
) Rubia
Clycyrrhiza glabra (
Bolboschoenus
. Elytrigia repens
.
,
,
[13].
,
,
,
.
[11].
,
2005 .,
(
,
,
) [3],
.
2006 .
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
84
,
2016
1(36)
.
2006 .
,
[5].
,
,
,
,
[13].
1.
.,
.,
.
2010.
2.
.
.
//
3. . 31–34.
.,
.
.
:
,
. 2015.
.,
3.
//
2. . 7–15.
.,
.
:
//
. 2015.
15. . 145–155.
4.
.,
.,
.,
.
//
,
. 2015.
5.
.,
.,
3 (58). . 15–25.
.,
.,
.,
.
(
) //
«
».
6.
10.
. 2012. 4(23). .46–50.
.
. 1994. 79. . 84–90.
.
. 1995. 2. . 156–159.
.,
.,
//
.,
.,
11.
.,
7.
.,
8.
.
.:
, 2015. . 107–119.
//
.
.,
//
9.
.,
//
.,
.,
.,
.,
2015610493
.,
.,
4.02.2013 .
.,
.
/
14.
.,
2013611727
.,
.
.,
:
.:
.,
.,
.,
13.01.2015 .
13.
.
.,
.,
.
19 (56). . 58–68.
.,
.
. . 2:
, 2014. 216 .
.,
.
:
.
.,
/
12.
.,
. 2013.
.,
.
.
.,
.
.
.,
.:
:
,
, 1997. 620 .
.
,
.
. //
.
. 2012. 4. . 18–24.
.
.
. //
.
. .:
, 1962. . 118–192.
16. Barmin A.N., Valov M.V., Suvaev N.S., Kolchin E.A. Concerning global climate change: ninety-year
trend of some climatic characteristics in the delta ecotones of the Caspian Sea region. IGCP 610 Third
Plenary Conference and Field Trip «From the Caspian to Mediterranean: Environmental Change and Human
.
15.
85
2016
1(36)
Response during the Quaternary». Proceedings / Ed.: A. Gilbert, V. Yanco-Hombach, T. Yanina. (22-30
September 2015, Astrakhan, Russia). Moscow: MSU, 2015. . 26–29.
17.
«Flora Europaea» [
]. URL: http://rbgweb2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html (
: 15.12.2015).
11.01.2016
About the authors
Alexander N. Barmin
, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor,
, Astrakhan State University, Department of Ecology,
, Nature, Land and Life Safety;
1, Shaumyan Sq; Astrakhan, 414000, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected]
,
,
;
, 414000,
,
e-mail: [email protected]
.
, 1;
,
,
,
, 414000,
,
e-mail: [email protected]
,
.
, 1;
, 1;
Mikhail M. Iolin
, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Assistant
, Professor, Astrakhan State University, Department of
, Ecology, Nature, Land and Life Safety;
1, Shaumyan Sq; Astrakhan, 414000, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected]
, 1;
Nikolai S. Shuvaev
, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Assistant
, Professor, Astrakhan State University, Department of
, Ecology, Nature, Land and Life Safety;
1, Shaumyan Sq; Astrakhan, 414000, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected]
,
,
;
, 414000,
,
e-mail: [email protected]
.
,
,
;
, 414000,
,
e-mail: [email protected]
.
Mikhail V. Valov
Postgraduate Student, Astrakhan State University,
, Department of Ecology, Nature, Land and Life
Safety;
1, Shaumyan Sq; Astrakhan, 414000, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected]
:
.,
.,
.,
.
.
//
. 2016. 1(36).
. 78–86.
Please cite this article in English as:
Barmin A.N., Valov M.V., Iolin M.M., Shuvaev N.S. Volga river deltoid visual environment naturalanthropogenic conversion // Geographicheskiy Vestnik. 2016. 1(36). P.78–86.
86